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Home , Azaspiracid, Benzydamine, Spider bite

Current Awareness in Clinical Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD

November 2014

CONTENTS General Toxicology 8 30 Management 16 33 Drugs 18 Chemical Warfare 35 Chemical Incidents & 24 Plants 35 Pollution Chemicals 25 Animals 36

CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH

Comparison of F(ab')2 versus Fab for pit viper : a prospective, blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trial Bush SP, Ruha AM, Seifert SA, Morgan DL, Lewis BJ, Arnold TC, Clark RF, Meggs WJ, Toschlog EA, Borron SW, Figge GR, Sollee DR, Shirazi FM, Wolk R, de Chazal I, Quan D, García-Ubbelohde W, Alagón A, Gerkin RD, Boyer LV. Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.974263: Background Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) has been the only antivenom commercially available in the US since 2007 for treatment of Crotalinae envenomation. Late coagulopathy can occur or recur after clearance of Fab antivenom, often after hospital discharge, lasting in some cases more than 2 weeks. There have been serious, even fatal, bleeding complications associated with recurrence phenomena. Frequent follow-up is required, and additional intervention or hospitalization is often necessary. F(ab')2 immunoglobulin derivatives have longer plasma half life than do Fab. We hypothesized that F(ab')2 antivenom would be superior to Fab in the prevention of late coagulopathy following treatment of patients with Crotalinae envenomation.

Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle Units.

The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England

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Methods We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, comparing late coagulopathy in snakebitten patients treated with F(ab')2 with maintenance doses [F(ab')2/F(ab')2], or F(ab')2 with placebo maintenance doses [F(ab')2/placebo], versus Fab with maintenance doses [Fab/Fab]. The primary efficacy endpoint was coagulopathy (platelet count < 150 K/mm3, fibrinogen level < 150 mg/dL) between end of maintenance dosing and day 8. Results 121 patients were randomized at 18 clinical sites and received at least one dose of study drug. 114 completed the study. Of these, 11/37 (29.7%) in the Fab/Fab cohort experienced late coagulopathy versus 4/39 (10.3%, p < 0.05) in the F(ab')2/F(ab')2 cohort and 2/38 (5.3%, p < 0.05) in the F(ab')2/placebo cohort. The lowest heterologous protein exposure was with F(ab')2/placebo. No serious adverse events were related to study drug. In each study arm, one patient experienced an acute serum reaction and one experienced serum sickness. Conclusions In this study, management of coagulopathic Crotalinae envenomation with longer-half-life

F(ab')2 antivenom, with or without maintenance dosing, reduced the risk of subacute coagulopathy and bleeding following treatment of envenomation. Full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2014.974263

Czech mass outbreak 2012: epidemiology, challenges and clinical features Zakharov S, Pelclova D, Urban P, Navratil T, Diblik P, Kuthan P, Hubacek JA, Miovsky M, Klempir J, Vaneckova M, Seidl Z, Pilin A, Fenclova Z, Petrik V, Kotikova K, Nurieva O, Ridzon P, Rulisek J, Komarc M, Hovda KE. Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.974106: Objectives Methanol occur frequently globally, but reports of larger outbreaks where complete clinical and laboratory data are reported remain scarce. The objective of the present study was to report the data from the mass methanol in the Czech Republic in 2012 addressing the general epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes, and to present a protocol for the use of fomepizole ensuring that the antidote was provided to the most severely poisoned patients in the critical phase. Methods A combined prospective and retrospective case series study of 121 patients with confirmed methanol poisoning. Results From a total of 121 intoxicated subjects, 20 died outside the hospital and 101 were hospitalized. Among them, 60 survived without, and 20 with visual/CNS sequelae, whereas 21 patients died. The total and hospital mortality rates were 34% and 21%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis found pH < 7.0 (OR 0.04 (0.01-0.16), p < 0.001), negative serum ethanol (OR 0.08 (0.02-0.37), p < 0.001), and coma on admission (OR 29.4 (10.2- 84.6), p < 0.001) to be the only independent parameters predicting death. Continuous hemodialysis was used more often than intermittent hemodialysis, but there was no significant difference in mortality rate between the two [29% (n = 45) vs 17% (n = 30), p = 0.23]. Due to limited stockpiles of fomepizole, ethanol was administered more often; no

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difference in mortality rate was found between the two [16% (n = 70) vs. 24% (n = 21), p = 0.39]. The effect of folate administration both on the mortality rate and on the probability of visual sequelae was not significant (both p > 0.05). Conclusions Severity of metabolic acidosis, state of consciousness, and serum ethanol on admission were the only significant parameters associated with mortality. The type of dialysis or antidote did not appear to affect mortality. Recommendations that were issued for hospital triage of fomepizole administration allowed conservation of valuable antidote in this massive poisoning outbreak for those patients most in need. Full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2014.974106

Cardiac conduction disturbance after loperamide abuse Marraffa JM, Holland MG, Sullivan RW, Morgan BW, Oakes JA, Wiegand TJ, Hodgman MJ. Clin Toxicol 2014; 52: 952-7. Context Prescription abuse is a major public health concern and an ongoing epidemic in the United States. Loperamide is a widely available and inexpensive over-the-counter antidiarrheal with peripheral mu-opioid receptor activity. Online resources discuss the use of loperamide for the amelioration of withdrawal symptoms or recreational abuse. We describe the clinical course of 5 patients abusing loperamide, 3 of whom had life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Methods In this observational case series, patients with cardiac arrhythmias or history of loperamide abuse with cardiac arrhythmias were identified; 5 patients were identified and 4 of the 5 patients were seen directly at the bedside. Clinical profile and outcome of patients is reported. Results We report 5 patients with history of loperamide abuse; 3 of the 5 patients had life- threatening cardiac arrhythmias. One of the patients experienced a second life-threatening arrhythmia after he resumed loperamide abuse. Loperamide levels were obtained in 4 of the 5 patients and were at least one order of magnitude greater than therapeutic concentrations. Discontinuation of loperamide resulted in complete resolution of cardiac conduction disturbances. Conclusion This case series describes several patients with cardiac conduction abnormalities and life- threatening ventricular arrhythmias temporally related to loperamide abuse. With the recent efforts to restrict the diversion of prescription , increasing abuse of loperamide as an opioid substitute may be seen. Toxicologists should be aware of these risks and we urge all clinicians to report such cases to FDA Medwatch®. Full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2014.969371

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Patterns of presentation and clinical features of after reported use of ([2-aminopropyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans), the 'benzofuran' compounds. A report from the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service Kamour A, James D, Lupton DJ, Cooper G, Eddleston M, Vale JA, Thompson JP, Thanacoody HKR, Hill SL, Thomas SHL. Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.973115: Objective To characterise the patterns of presentation and clinical features of toxicity following reported recreational use of benzofuran compounds ((2-aminopropyl)-2,3- dihydrobenzofurans) in the UK, as reported to the National Poisons Information Service (NPIS), and to compare clinical features of toxicity with those after reported use. Methods NPIS patient-specific telephone enquiries and user sessions for TOXBASE®, the NPIS online information database, related to (2-aminopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans and associated synonyms were reviewed from March 2009 to August 2013. These data were compared with those of mephedrone, the recreational substance most frequently reported to NPIS, collected over the same period. Results There were 63 telephone enquiries concerning 66 patients and 806 TOXBASE® user sessions regarding benzofuran compounds during the period of study. The first telephone enquiry was made in July 2010 and the highest numbers of enquiries were received in August 2010 (33 calls, 112 TOXBASE® sessions). Patients were predominantly male (82%) with a median age of 29 years; 9 reported co-ingestion of other substances. Comparing the 57 patients who reported ingesting benzofuran compounds alone with 315 patients ingesting mephedrone alone, benzofurans were more often associated with features, including tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, palpitation, fever, increased sweating, and tremor, (72% vs. 38%, odds ratio [OR] 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.27-7.85, P < 0.0001) and mental health disturbances (58% vs. 38%, OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.29-4.07, P = 0.006). Other features reported after benzofuran compound ingestion included gastrointestinal symptoms (16%), reduced level of consciousness (9%), chest pain (7%), and creatinine kinase elevation (5%). Conclusions Reported ingestion of benzofuran compounds is associated with similar toxic effects to those of and . Mental health disturbances and stimulant features were reported more frequently following reported ingestion of benzofuran compounds than after ingestion of mephedrone. Full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2014.973115

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Extracorporeal treatment for poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup Ghannoum M, Yates C, Galvao TF, Sowinski KM, Vo THV, Coogan A, Gosselin S, Lavergne V, Nolin TD, Hoffman RS. Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.973572: Context The Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning (EXTRIP) workgroup was created to provide evidence and consensus-based recommendations on the use of extracorporeal treatments (ECTRs) in poisoning. Objectives To perform a systematic review and provide clinical recommendations for ECTR in carbamazepine poisoning. Methods After a systematic literature search, the subgroup extracted the data and summarized the findings following a pre-determined format. The entire workgroup voted via a two-round modified Delphi method to reach a consensus on voting statements, using a RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method to quantify disagreement. Anonymous votes were compiled, returned, and discussed in person. A second vote determined the final recommendations. Results Seventy articles met inclusion criteria. Articles included case reports, case series, descriptive cohorts, pharmacokinetic studies, and in-vitro studies; two poor-quality observational studies were identified, yielding a very low quality of evidence for all recommendations. Data on 169 patients, including 6 fatalities, were reviewed. The workgroup concluded that carbamazepine is moderately dialyzable and made the following recommendations: ECTR is suggested in severe carbamazepine poisoning (2D). ECTR is recommended if multiple seizures occur and are refractory to treatment (1D), or if life-threatening dysrhythmias occur (1D). ECTR is suggested if prolonged coma or respiratory depression requiring mechanical ventilation are present (2D) or if significant toxicity persists, particularly when carbamazepine concentrations rise or remain elevated, despite using multiple-dose activated charcoal (MDAC) and supportive measures (2D). ECTR should be continued until clinical improvement is apparent (1D) or the serum carbamazepine concentration is below 10 mg/L (42 µmol/L) (2D). Intermittent hemodialysis is the preferred ECTR (1D), but both intermittent hemoperfusion (1D) or continuous renal replacement therapies (3D) are alternatives if hemodialysis is not available. MDAC therapy should be continued during ECTR (1D). Conclusion Despite the low quality of the available clinical evidence and the high protein binding capacity of carbamazepine, the workgroup suggested extracorporeal removal in cases of severe carbamazepine poisoning. Full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2014.973572

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Extracorporeal treatment for barbiturate poisoning: recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup Mactier R, Laliberté M, Mardini J, Ghannoum M, Lavergne V, Gosselin S, Hoffman RS, Nolin TD, on behalf of the EXTRIP workgroup. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 64: 347-58. Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.04.031

Is the measurement of serum formate concentration useful in the diagnostics of acute methanol poisoning? A prospective study of 38 patients Zakharov S, Kurcova I, Navratil T, Salek T, Komarc M, Pelclova D. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12338: Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12338

Pediatric exposure to laundry detergent pods Valdez AL, Casavant MJ, Spiller HA, Chounthirath T, Xiang H, Smith GA. Pediatrics 2014; online early: doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-0057: Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0057

Corneal from liquid detergent pods Gray ME, West CE. J AAPOS 2014; 18: 494-5. Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.05.006

Welding fume exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in welders Koh D-H, Kim J-I, Kim K-H, Yoo S-W, on behalf of the Korea Welders Cohort Group. Occup Med (Oxf) 2014; online early: doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqu136: Abstract and full text available from: http://occmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/10/16/occmed.kqu136.short

Clinical and biochemical analysis of acute paint thinner intoxication in adults: a retrospective descriptive study Rahimi HR, Agin K, Shadnia S, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Oghazian MB. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/15376516.2014.975388: Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15376516.2014.975388

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Efficacy of methylene blue in an experimental model of calcium channel blocker-induced shock Jang DH, Donovan S, Nelson LS, Bania TC, Hoffman RS, Chu J. Ann Emerg Med 2014; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.09.015: Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.09.015

Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling to describe the effects of and N- acetylcysteine on the International Normalised Ratio (INR) Owens KH, Medlicott NJ, Zacharias M, Whyte IM, Buckley NA, Reith DM. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1111/1440- 1681.12327: Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12327

Four sulfur mustard exposure cases: overall analysis of four types of biomarkers in clinical samples provides positive implication for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring Xu H, Nie Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Yue L, Yang W, Chen J, Dong Y, Liu Q, Lin Y, Wu B, Feng J, Li H, Guo L, Xie J. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1: 533-43. Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.017

Bioactive from stinging Badré S. Toxicon 2014; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.010: Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.010

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TOXICOLOGY Biomarkers JS, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Hauser R, Sergeyev O, New books Revich B, Lam T, Lee MM. Hayes AW, Kruger CL, eds. Association between chlorinated pesticides in the serum of Hayes' principles and methods of toxicology. prepubertal Russian boys and longitudinal biomarkers of 6 ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2014. 2157 p. metabolic function. Am J Epidemiol 2014; online early: Analytical toxicology doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu212: Hall A-J, Warner JV, Henman MG, Ferguson WE. Recovery of drugs of abuse from Dräger DCD5000 oral Fields S, Song B, Rasoul B, Fong J, Works MG, Shew K, fluid collection device in Australia. Yiu Y, Mirsalis J, D'Andrea A. J Anal Toxicol 2014; online early: New candidate biomarkers in the female genital tract to doi: 10.1093/jat/bku123: evaluate microbicide toxicity. PLoS ONE 2014; 9: e110980. Jar-Allah Al-Amrah H, Aboznada OA, Alam MZ, ElAssouli MZ, Mujallid MI, ElAssouli SM. Gawlikowski T, Golasik M, Gomólka E, Piekoszewski W. Genotoxicity of waterpipe smoke in buccal cells and Proteins as biomarkers of carbon monoxide neurotoxicity. peripheral blood leukocytes as determined by comet Inhal Toxicol 2014; online early: assay. doi: 10.3109/08958378.2014.970786: Inhal Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/08958378.2014.970787: Kim T, Han N, Sohn M, Oh JM, Lee EK, Ji E, Kim I-W. Pharmacogenomic biomarker information in FDA-approved Karinen R, Vindenes V, Hasvold I, Olsen KM, Christophersen paediatric drug labels. AS, Øiestad E. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: Determination of a selection of anti-epileptic drugs and 10.1111/bcpt.12341: two active metabolites in whole blood by reversed phase UPLC-MS/MS and some examples of application of the Smolders R, Den Hond E, Koppen G, Govarts E, Willems H, method in forensic toxicology cases. Casteleyn L, Kolossa-Gehring M, Fiddicke U, Castaño A, Drug Test Anal 2014; online early: doi: 10.1002/dta.1733: Koch HM, Angerer J, Esteban M, Sepai O, Exley K, Bloemen L, Horvat M, Knudsen LE, Joas A, Joas R, Biot P, Aerts D, Katsonouri A, Hadjipanayis A, Cerna M, Krskova A, Martínez N, Elena MM, Enrique Mastrantonio G, Raba J, Schwedler G, Seiwert M, Nielsen JKS, Rudnai P, Közepesy S. Cerutti S. Interpreting biomarker data from the COPHES/DEMOCOPHES Development of a LC-MS/MS methodology for the monitoring twin projects: using external exposure data to understand of the antichagasic drug benznidazole in human urine. biomarker differences among countries. Talanta 2015; 131: 656-60. Environ Res 2014; online early:

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Stereo-specific LC and LC-MS bioassays of antidepressants Talaska G, Thoroman J, Schuman B, Käfferlein HU. and psychotics. Biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Biomed Chromatogr 2014; online early: European coke oven workers. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3356: Toxicol Lett 2014; online early:

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Recent developments in urinalysis of metabolites of new psychoactive substances using LC-MS. Body packers Bioanalysis 2014; 6: 2083-107. Berger FH, Nieboer KH, Goh GS, Pinto A, Scaglione M. Body packing: a review of general background, clinical and Pritchett JS, Phinney KW. imaging aspects. Influence of chemical straightening on the stability of La Radiologia medica 2014; online early: drugs of abuse in hair. doi: 10.1007/s11547-014-0458-0: J Anal Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bku106: Carcinogenicity Prokopec SD, Watson JD, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. Coggon D, Ntani G, Harris EC, Palmer KT. Identification of reference proteins for western blot analyses Risk of cancer in workers exposed to styrene at eight in mouse model systems of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p- British companies making glass-reinforced plastics. dioxin (TCDD) toxicity. Occup Environ Med 2014; online early: PLoS ONE 2014; 9: e110730. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102382:

Skov L, Johansen SS, Linnet K. Koifman S, Malhão TA, Pinto de Oliveira G, de Magalhães Postmortem femoral blood reference concentrations of Câmara V, Koifman RJ, Meyer A. aripiprazole, , and . Cancer mortality among Brazilian dentists. J Anal Toxicol 2014; online early: Am J Ind Med 2014; 57: 1255-64. doi: 10.1093/jat/bku121: Paulose T, Speroni L, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. Versace F, Déglon J, Mangin P, Staub C. Estrogens in the wrong place at the wrong time: fetal BPA Application of direct-infusion ESI-MS/MS for toxicological exposure and mammary cancer. screening. Reprod Toxicol 2014; online early: Bioanalysis 2014; 6: 2043-55. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.09.012:

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Carcinogenicity Thimmisetty RK, Gorthi JR, Abu Hazeem M. Oral toxicity causing sinus arrest: a case report. Rouquié D, Tinwell H, Blanck O, Schorsch F, Geter D, Wason S, Bars R. Case Rep Cardiol 2014; 2014: 851767.

Thyroid tumor formation in the male mouse induced by Yorifuji T, Suzuki E, Kashima S. fluopyram is mediated by activation of hepatic CAR/PXR Outdoor air pollution and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in nuclear receptors. Okayama, Japan. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; online early: J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56: 1019-23. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.10.003:

Tinwell H, Rouquié D, Schorsch F, Geter D, Wason S, Bars R. Dermal toxicity Liver tumor formation in female rat induced by fluopyram Abhulimhen-Iyoha BI, Monday P. is mediated by CAR/PXR nuclear receptor activation. Saponated cresol poisoning in childhood. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; online early: J Med Biomed Res 2014; 13: 129-36. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.09.011: Coman G, Blickenstaff NR, Blattner CM, Andersen R, Maibach HI. Wang W, Cheng S, Zhang D. Sampling the stratum corneum for toxic chemicals. Association of inorganic arsenic exposure with liver cancer Rev Environ Health 2014; 29: 157-62. mortality: a meta-analysis.

Environ Res 2014; 135: 120-5. Jirákova A, Rajská L, Rob F, Gregorová J, Hercogová J.

Dermatitis toxica faciei after boric acid. Cardiotoxicity Dermatol Ther 2014; online early: Al-Abri SA, Meier KH, Colby JM, Smollin CG, Benowitz NL. doi: 10.1111/dth.12180: Cardiogenic shock after use of fluoroamphetamine confirmed with serum and urine levels. Thimmesch M, Gilbert A, Tuerlinckx D, Bodart E. Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: Chronic respiratory failure due to toxic epidermal doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.974262: in a 10 years old girl. Acta Clin Belg 2014; online early: Elabbassi W, Chowdhury MA, Al Nooryani Fachtartz A. doi: 10.1179/2295333714Y.0000000086: Severe reversible myocardial associated with aluminium phosphide toxicity: a case report and review of Developmental toxicology literature. Carmichael SL, Yang W, Roberts E, Kegley SE, Padula AM, J Saudi Heart Assoc 2014; 26: 216-21. English PB, Lammer EJ, Shaw GM. Residential agricultural exposures and risk of Kauthale RR, Dadarkar SS, Husain R, Karande VV, Gatne MM. selected congenital heart defects among offspring in the Assessment of temperature-induced hERG channel blockade San Joaquin Valley of California. variation by drugs. Environ Res 2014; 135: 133-8. J Appl Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1002/jat.3074: Chou H-C, Chen C-M. Kim M, Han C, Lee M-Y. Maternal exposure during gestation and lactation NADPH oxidase and the cardiovascular toxicity associated induces cardiac remodeling in rat offspring. with smoking. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50: 4-10. Toxicol Res 2014; 30: 149-57. Eskenazi B, Kogut K, Huen K, Harley KG, Bouchard M, Koutsampasopoulos K, Zotos A, Papamichalis M, Bradman A, Boyd-Barr D, Johnson C, Holland N. Papaioannou K. pesticide exposure, PON1, and neuro- Carbamazepine induced atrial tachycardia with complete development in school-age children from the CHAMACOS AV block. study. Hippokratia 2014; 18: 185-6. Environ Res 2014; 134: 149-57.

Fan H, Ducatman A, Zhang J. Liu S, Shen Q, Lv C, Zhang P, Yu H, Yang L, Wu L. Perfluorocarbons and Gilbert syndrome (phenotype) in the Analysis of combined detection of N-terminal proB-type C8 Health Study population. natriuretic peptide and left ventricular ejection fraction in Environ Res 2014; 135: 70-5. heart function in patients with acute CO poisoning.

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Y, Stern E, Lerner-Geva L. Marraffa JM, Holland MG, Sullivan RW, Morgan BW, Oakes The possible association between exposure to air pollution JA, Wiegand TJ, Hodgman MJ. and the risk for congenital malformations. Cardiac conduction disturbance after loperamide abuse. Environ Res 2014; 135: 173-80. Clin Toxicol 2014; 52: 952-7. Guo H, Jin Y, Cheng Y, Leaderer B, Lin S, Holford TR, Qiu Sirsikar SS, Ranpise SM, Patil AS, Deodhar KY. J, Zhang Y, Shi K, Zhu Y, Niu J, Bassig BA, Xu S, Zhang B, induced pulmonary toxicity in a case of atrial Li Y, Hu X, Chen Q, Zheng T. fibrillation. Prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides and infant J Assoc Physicians India 2014; 62: 347-9. birth weight in China. Chemosphere 2014; 110: 1-7. Song C, Kan B, Yu G, Jian X, Wang J, Sun J. Acute paraquat poisoning with sinus bradycardia: a case Ha S, Hu H, Roussos-Ross D, Haidong K, Roth J, Xu X. report. The effects of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8: 1459-62. Environ Res 2014; 134: 198-204.

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Developmental toxicology Choi J-Y, Baumgartner J, Harnden S, Alexander BH, Town RJ, D'Souza G, Ramachandran G. Jiang C-B, Hsi H-C, Fan C-H, Chien L-C. Increased risk of respiratory illness associated with Fetal exposure to environmental in Taiwan. kerosene fuel use among women and children in urban PLoS ONE 2014; 9: e109984. Bangalore, India. Occup Environ Med 2014; online early: Johnston JE, Valentiner E, Maxson P, Miranda ML, Fry RC. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102472: Maternal cadmium levels during pregnancy associated with lower birth weight in infants in a North Carolina Chorfa A, Lazizzera C, Bétemps D, Morignat E, Dussurgey cohort. S, Andrieu T, Baron T. PLoS ONE 2014; 9: e109661. A variety of pesticides trigger in vitro -synuclein accumulation, a key event in Parkinson's disease. Korkes HA, De Oliveira LG, Berlinck L, Goes FS, Borges AF, Arch Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00204-014- Kirsztajn GM, Sass N. 1388-2: Human fetal malformations associated with the use of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist: case report. Hara A, Thijs L, Asayama K, Gu Y-M, Jacobs L, Zhang Z-Y, J Bras Nefrol 2014; 36: 410-3. Liu Y-P, Nawrot TS, Staessen JA. Blood pressure in relation to environmental lead exposure Laine JE, Bailey KA, Rubio-Andrade M, Olshan AF, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Smeester L, Drobná Z, Herring AH, Styblo M, García- 2003 to 2010. Vargas GG, Fry RC. Hypertension 2014; online early: Maternal arsenic exposure, arsenic methylation efficiency, doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04023: and birth outcomes in the Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) Pregnancy Cohort in Mexico. Jalali A, Rahim F. Environ Health Perspect 2014; online early: Epidemiological review of envenomation in Iran. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1307476: Iran J Pharm Res 2014; 13: 743-56.

Rabito FA, Kocak M, Werthmann DW, Tylavsky FA, Palmer Kalkbrenner AE, Windham GC, Serre ML, Akita Y, Wang X, CD, Parsons PJ. Hoffman K, Thayer BP, Daniels JL. Changes in low levels of lead over the course of Particulate matter exposure, prenatal and postnatal pregnancy and the association with birth outcomes. windows of susceptibility, and autism spectrum disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2014; online early: Epidemiology 2014; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.006: doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000173:

Schmidt RJ, Tancredi DJ, Krakowiak P, Hansen RL, Kara H, Bayir A, Degirmenci S, Kayis SA, Akinci M, Ak A, Ozonoff S. Agacayak A, Azap M. Maternal intake of supplemental iron and risk of autism Causes of poisoning in patients evaluated in a hospital spectrum disorder. emergency department in Konya, Turkey. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180: 890-900. J Pak Med Assoc 2014; 64: 1042-8.

Sobinoff AP, Sutherland JM, Beckett EL, Stanger SJ, Maignan M, Richard A, Debaty G, Pommier P, Viglino D, Johnson R, Jarnicki AG, McCluskey A, John JC, Hansbro Loizzo F, Timsit J-F, Hanna J, Carpentier F, Danel V. PM, McLaughlin EA. Intentional drug poisoning care in a physician-manned Damaging legacy: maternal cigarette smoking has long- emergency medical service. term consequences for male offspring fertility. Prehosp Emerg Care 2014; online early: Hum Reprod 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/10903127.2014.964890: doi: 10.1093/humrep/deu235: Mattei C, Vetter I, Eisenblätter A, Krock B, Ebbecke M, Thompson LM, Yousefi P, Peñaloza R, Balmes J, Nina H. Desel H, Zimmermann K. : a first epidemic in Germany Genetic modification of the effect of maternal household highlights an increasing risk for European countries. air pollution exposure on birth weight in Guatemalan newborns. Toxicon 2014; online early: Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50: 19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.10.016:

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Inhalation toxicity Voitzuk A, Greco V, Caputo D, Alvarez E. Ulvestad B, Lund MB, Bakke B, Thomassen Y, Ellingsen DG. Toxic nephrophaty secondary to occupational exposure to Short-term lung function decline in tunnel construction metalic mercury. workers. Medicina (B Aires) 2014; 74: 397-9. Occup Environ Med 2014; online early: doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102262: Wallin M, Sallsten G, Lundh T, Barregard L. Low-level cadmium exposure and effects on kidney Kinetics function. Bart G, Lenz S, Straka RJ, Brundage RC. Occup Environ Med 2014; online early: Ethnic and genetic factors in : doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102279: a population pharmacokinetic study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; online early: Neurotoxicity doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.014: Beavers CT, Parker JJ, Flinchum DA, Weakley-Jones BA, Nasser AF, Fudala PJ, Zheng B, Liu Y, Heidbreder C. Jortani SA. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Pesticide-induced quadriplegia in a 55-year-old woman. RBP-8000 in abusers: pharmacokinetic profile of Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2014; online early: doi: RBP-8000 and cocaine and effects of RBP-8000 on 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000108: cocaine-induced physiological effects. J Addict Dis 2014; online early: Ben Amara I, Sefi M, Troudi A, Soudani N, Boudawara T, doi: 10.1080/10550887.2014.969603: Zeghal N. Fenthion, an organophosphorus pesticide, induces alterations Owens KH, Medlicott NJ, Zacharias M, Whyte IM, Buckley in oxidant/antioxidant status and histopathological disorders NA, Reith DM. in cerebrum and cerebellum of suckling rats. Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) Indian J Biochem Biophys 2014; 51: 293-301. modelling to describe the effects of paracetamol and N- acetylcysteine on the International Normalised Ratio (INR). Evans SF, Kobrosly RW, Barrett ES, Thurston SW, Calafat Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; online early: doi: AM, Weiss B, Stahlhut R, Yolton K, Swan SH. 10.1111/1440-1681.12327: Prenatal bisphenol A exposure and maternally reported

behavior in boys and girls. errors Neurotoxicology 2014; 45: 91-9. Smith MD, Spiller HA, Casavant MJ, Chounthirath T, Brophy TJ, Xiang H. Gawlikowski T, Golasik M, Gomólka E, Piekoszewski W. Out-of-hospital medication errors among young children in Proteins as biomarkers of carbon monoxide neurotoxicity. the United States, 20022012. Pediatrics 2014; online early: doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-0309: Inhal Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/08958378.2014.970786: Nephrotoxicity Jiang C-B, Hsi H-C, Fan C-H, Chien L-C. Curry SC, Padilla-Jones A, O'Connor AD, Ruha A-M, Bikin DS, Wilkins DG, Rollins DE, Slawson MH, Gerkin RD, Fetal exposure to environmental neurotoxins in Taiwan. Acetaminophen Adduct Study Group. PLoS ONE 2014; 9: e109984. Prolonged acetaminophen-protein adduct elimination during renal failure, lack of adduct removal by hemodiafiltration, Kaphan E, Barbeau E, Royère ML, Guedj E, Pelletier J, Ali and urinary adduct concentrations after acetaminophen Chérif A. overdose. Ganser-like syndrome after loss of psychic self-activation J Med Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181- syndrome: psychogenic or organic? 014-0431-2: Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1093/arclin/acu046: Jestadi DB, Phaniendra A, Babji U, Srinu T,

Shanmuganathan B, Periyasamy L. Kaur S, Singh S, Chahal KS, Prakash A. Effects of short term exposure of atrazine on the liver and kidney of normal and diabetic rats. Potential pharmacological strategies for the improved J Toxicol 2014; 2014: 536759. treatment of organophosphate-induced neurotoxicity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; online early: Kwon S-Y, Bae O-N, Noh J-Y, Kim K, Kang S, Shin Y-J, Lim doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0113: K-M, Chung J-H. Erythrophagocytosis of lead-exposed erythrocytes by renal Mukherjee B, Bindhani B, Saha H, Sinha D, Ray MR. tubular cells: possible role in lead-induced nephrotoxicity. Platelet hyperactivity, neurobehavioral symptoms and Environ Health Perspect 2014; online early: doi: depression among Indian women chronically exposed to 10.1289/ehp.1408094: low level of arsenic. Neurotoxicology 2014; online early: Ryan M, Lazar I, Nadasdy GM, Nadasdy T, Satoskar AA. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.10.011: Acute kidney injury and hyperbilirubinemia in a young male after ingestion of Tribulus terrestris. Clin Nephrol 2014; online early: doi: 10.5414/CN108324: Panisset M, Chen JJ, Rhyee SH, Conner J, Mathena J, the STACCATO study investigators. Vandenberghe W, De Corte W, Hoste EA. Serotonin toxicity association with concomitant anti- Contrast-associated AKI in the critically ill: relevant or depressants and treatment: retrospective study irrelevant? (STACCATO). Curr Opin Crit Care 2014; online early: Pharmacotherapy 2014; online early: doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000156: doi: 10.1002/phar.1500:

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Neurotoxicity Julander A, Lundgren L, Skare L, Grandér M, Palm B, Shariati MBH, Sohrabi M, Shahidi S, Nikkhah A, Mirzaei F, Vahter M, Lidén C. Medizadeh M, Asl SS. Formal recycling of e-waste leads to increased exposure to Acute effects of ecstasy on memory are more extensive toxic metals: an occupational exposure study from Sweden. than chronic effects. Environ Int 2014; 73: 243-51. Basic Clin Neurosci 2014; 5: 225-30. Koh D-H, Kim J-I, Kim K-H, Yoo S-W, on behalf of the Steenland K, Mora AM, Barr DB, Juncos J, Roman N, Korea Welders Cohort Group. Wesseling C. Welding fume exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary Organochlorine chemicals and neurodegeneration among disease in welders. elderly subjects in Costa Rica. Occup Med (Oxf) 2014; online early: Environ Res 2014; 134: 205-9. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqu136:

Yilmaz E, Hough KA, Gebhart GF, Williams BA, Gold MS. Koifman S, Malhão TA, Pinto de Oliveira G, de Magalhães Mechanisms underlying midazolam-induced peripheral Câmara V, Koifman RJ, Meyer A. nerve block and neurotoxicity. Cancer mortality among Brazilian dentists. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2014; online early: Am J Ind Med 2014; 57: 1255-64. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000176: Laney AS, Weissman DN. Respiratory diseases caused by coal mine dust. Occupational toxicology J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56: S22. Aguilar-Dorado I-C, Hernández G, Quintanar-Escorza M-A, Maldonado-Vega M, Rosas-Flores M, Calderón-Salinas J-V. Lappi VG, Radnoff DL, Karpluk PF. Eryptosis in lead-exposed workers. Silica exposure and silicosis in Alberta, Canada. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; online early: doi: J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56: 39S. 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.003: Lovreglio P, Maffei F, Carrieri M, D'Errico MN, Drago I, Bader M, Van Weyenbergh T, Verwerft E, Van Pul J, Lang Hrelia P, Bartolucci GB, Soleo L. S, Oberlinner C. Evaluation of chromosome aberration and micronucleus Human biomonitoring after chemical incidents and during frequencies in blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to short-term maintenance work as a tool for exposure low concentrations of benzene. analysis and assessment. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2014; 770: 55-60. Toxicol Lett 2014; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.015: Lysdal SH, Mosbech H, Johansen JD, Søsted H. Asthma and respiratory symptoms among hairdressers in Barman T, Kalahasthi R, Rajmohan HR. Denmark: results from a register based questionnaire Effects of lead exposure on the status of platelet indices in study. workers involved in a lead-acid battery manufacturing plant. Am J Ind Med 2014; online early: J Expos Sci Environ Epidemiol 2014; 24: 629-33. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22390:

Choi S, Won YL, Kim D, Lee M-Y, Choi YJ, Park J-S, Kim H- Nylander-French LA, Wu MC, French JE, Boyer J, Smeester R, Jung JI, Lee S-G, Kim E-A. L, Sanders AP, Fry RC. Interstitial lung disorders in the indium workers of Korea: DNA methylation modifies urine biomarker levels in 1,6- an update study for the relationship with biological hexamethylene diisocyanate exposed workers: a pilot exposure indices. study. Am J Ind Med 2014; online early: Toxicol Lett 2014; online early: doi: 10.1002/ajim.22402: doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.024:

Coggon D, Ntani G, Harris EC, Palmer KT. Penrose B. Risk of cancer in workers exposed to styrene at eight Occupational exposure to cement dust: changing opinions British companies making glass-reinforced plastics. of a respiratory hazard. Occup Environ Med 2014; online early: Health History 2014; 16: 25-44. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102382: Rossbach B, Niemietz A, Kegel P, Letzel S. Decharat S, Phethuayluk P, Maneelok S, Thepaksorn P. Uptake and elimination of permethrin related to the use of Determination of mercury exposure among dental health permethrin treated clothing for forestry workers. workers in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. Toxicol Lett 2014; online early: J Toxicol 2014; 2014: 401012. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.017:

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Fustinoni S, Mercadante R, Polledri E, Rubino FM, Mandic- Talaska G, Thoroman J, Schuman B, Käfferlein HU. Rajcevic S, Vianello G, Colosio C, Moretto A. Biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Biological monitoring of exposure to tebuconazole in European coke oven workers. winegrowers. Toxicol Lett 2014; online early: J Expos Sci Environ Epidemiol 2014; 24: 643-9. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.025:

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Occupational toxicology Bornehag C-G, Carlstedt F, Jönsson BAG, Lindh CH, Thetkathuek A, Suybros N, Daniell W, Meepradit P, Jaidee W. Jensen TK, Bodin A, Jonsson C, Janson S, Swan SH. Prenatal phthalate exposures and anogenital distance in Factors influencing poisoning symptoms: a case study of vegetable farmers exposed to mixed insecticides in prek Swedish boys. balatchheng village, cambodia. Environ Health Perspect 2014; online early: doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408163: J Agromed 2014; 19: 337-45.

Burns JS, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Hauser R, Sergeyev O, Tungu AM, Bråtveit M, Mamuya SH, Moen BE. Revich B, Lam T, Lee MM. Reduction in respiratory symptoms among cement Association between chlorinated pesticides in the serum of workers: a follow-up study. prepubertal Russian boys and longitudinal biomarkers of Occup Med (Oxf) 2014; online early: metabolic function. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqu154: Am J Epidemiol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu212: Ulvestad B, Lund MB, Bakke B, Thomassen Y, Ellingsen DG. Short-term lung function decline in tunnel construction Chatham-Stephens K, Caravanos J, Ericson B, Landrigan workers. P, Fuller R. Occup Environ Med 2014; online early: The pediatric burden of disease from lead exposure at doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102262: toxic waste sites in low and middle income countries. Environ Res 2014; 132: 379-83.

Winquist A, Steenland K. Darrow LA, Klein M, Flanders WD, Mulholland JA, Tolbert Modeled PFOA exposure and coronary artery disease, PE, Strickland MJ. hypertension, and high in community and Air pollution and acute respiratory among worker cohorts. children 04 years of age: an 18-year time-series study. Environ Health Perspect 2014; online early: doi: Am J Epidemiol 2014; online early: 10.1289/ehp.1307943: doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu234:

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Paediatric toxicology Evans SF, Kobrosly RW, Barrett ES, Thurston SW, Calafat Abhulimhen-Iyoha BI, Monday P. AM, Weiss B, Stahlhut R, Yolton K, Swan SH. Saponated cresol poisoning in childhood. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure and maternally reported J Med Biomed Res 2014; 13: 129-36. behavior in boys and girls. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45: 91-9. Anticona C, San Sebastian M. Anemia and malnutrition in indigenous children and Fadum EA, Stanley B, Qin P, Diep LM, Mehlum L. adolescents of the Peruvian Amazon in a context of lead Self-poisoning with in adolescents: a national exposure: a cross-sectional study. register study of hospital admissions and readmissions. Glob Health Action 2014; 7: 22888. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.09.004:

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PLoS ONE 2014; 9: e109039. Gump BB, Gabrikova E, Bendinskas K, Dumas AK, Palmer CD, Parsons PJ, MacKenzie JA. Balasubramanian S, Ramesh V. Low-level mercury in children: associations with sleep Paracetamol – High strength formulations and toxicity. duration and cytokines TNF- and IL-6. Indian Pediatr 2014; 51: 839. Environ Res 2014; 134: 228-32.

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Paediatric toxicology May PA, Baete A, Russo J, Elliott AJ, Blankenship J, Kalberg Hong S-B, Im M-H, Kim J-W, Park E-J, Shin M-S, Kim B-N, WO, Buckley D, Brooks M, Hasken J, Abdul-Rahman O, Yoo H-J, Cho I-H, Bhang S-Y, Hong Y-C, Cho S-C. Adam MP, Robinson LK, Manning M, Hoyme HE. Environmental lead exposure and attention-deficit/ Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum hyperactivity disorder symptom domains in a community disorders. sample of South Korean school-age children. Pediatrics 2014; online early: doi: 10.1542/peds.2013- Environ Health Perspect 2014; online early: 3319d: doi: 10.1289/ehp.1307420: Narra A, Lie E, Hall M, Macy M, Alpern E, Shah SS, Huang Y-C, Chang T-K, Fu Y-C, Jan S-L. Osterhoudt KC, Fieldston E. C for colored urine: acute induced by high-dose Resource utilization of pediatric patients exposed to . ascorbic acid. Hosp Pediatr 2014; 4: 276-82. Clin Toxicol 2014; 52: 984. Oulhote Y, Mergler D, Barbeau B, Bellinger DC, Bouffard

T, Brodeur M-E, Saint-Amour D, Legrand M, Sauvé S, Jirákova A, Rajská L, Rob F, Gregorová J, Hercogová J. Bouchard MF. Dermatitis toxica faciei after boric acid. Neurobehavioral function in school-age children exposed Dermatol Ther 2014; online early: to manganese in drinking water. doi: 10.1111/dth.12180: Environ Health Perspect 2014; online early:

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Rotenberg M, Hershkovitz R, Grotto I, Gurevich E, Novack L. Richards DB, Wang GS, Buchanan JA. Association between prenatal exposure to metals and Pediatric tea tree oil aspiration treated with surfactant in neonatal morbidity. the emergency department. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2014; 77: 1281-4. Pediatr Emerg Care 2014; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000234: Kicinski M, Vrijens J, Vermier G, Hond ED, Schoeters G, Nelen V, Bruckers L, Sioen I, Baeyens W, Van Larebeke N, Sanlidag B, Derinöz O, Yildiz N. Viaene MK, Nawrot TS. A case of pediatric age intoxication due to Neurobehavioral function and low-level exposure in accidental stramonium ingestion admitting with adolescents. visual hallucination. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; online early: doi: Turk J Pediatr 2014; 56: 313-5. 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.09.002: Schwebel DC, Wells H, Johnston A. Kim T, Han N, Sohn M, Oh JM, Lee EK, Ji E, Kim I-W. Children's recognition of dangerous household products: Pharmacogenomic biomarker information in FDA-approved child development and poisoning risk. paediatric drug labels. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; online early: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu088: 10.1111/bcpt.12341: Siu A, Robinson CA. Kocaoglu C, Ozel A. Neonatal abstinence syndrome: essentials for the Persistent metabolic acidosis and severe diarrhoea due to practitioner. Artemisia absinthium poisoning. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2014; 19: 147-55. J Pak Med Assoc 2014; 64: 1081-3. Smith MD, Spiller HA, Casavant MJ, Chounthirath T, Konijnenberg C, Melinder A. Brophy TJ, Xiang H. Executive function in preschool children prenatally Out-of-hospital medication errors among young children in exposed to methadone or buprenorphine. the United States, 20022012. Child Neuropsychol 2014; online early: Pediatrics 2014; online early: doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-0309: doi: 10.1080/09297049.2014.967201: Thimmesch M, Gilbert A, Tuerlinckx D, Bodart E. Krause ML, Amin S, Makol A. Chronic respiratory failure due to toxic epidermal necrosis Use of DMARDs and biologics during pregnancy and in a 10 years old girl. lactation in rheumatoid arthritis: what the rheumatologist Acta Clin Belg 2014; online early: needs to know. doi: 10.1179/2295333714Y.0000000086: Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2014; 6: 169-84. Valdez AL, Casavant MJ, Spiller HA, Chounthirath T, Xiang Lien Y-J, Ku H-Y, Su P-H, Chen S-J, Chen H-Y, Liao P-C, H, Smith GA. Chen W-J, Wang S-L. Pediatric exposure to laundry detergent pods. Prenatal exposure to phthalate esters and behavioral Pediatrics 2014; online early: doi: 10.1542/peds.2014- syndromes in children at eight years of age: Taiwan 0057: maternal and infant cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 2014; online early: Wang B, Wang H, Zhou W, He Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Jiang Q. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1307154: Exposure to bisphenol A among school children in eastern China: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Magoha H, De Meulenaer B, Kimanya M, Hipolite D, Lachat J Expos Sci Environ Epidemiol 2014; 24: 657-64. C, Kolsteren P. Fumonisin B1 contamination in breast milk and its exposure Wiener RC, Long DL, Jurevic RJ. in infants under 6 months of age in Rombo, Northern Blood levels of the heavy metal, lead, and caries in Tanzania. children aged 24-72 months: NHANES III. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 74: 112-6. Caries Res 2015; 49: 26-33.

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Paediatric toxicology Wilson MJ, Frickel S, Nguyen D, Bui T, Echsner S, Simon Wolff K, Perez-Montejano R. BR, Howard JL, Miller K, Wickliffe JK. Opioid neonatal abstinence syndrome: controversies and A targeted health risk assessment following the Deep implications for practice. Water Horizon oil spill: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Vietnamese-American shrimp consumers. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2014; online early: Environ Health Perspect 2014; online early: doi: 10.2174/1874473707666141015215141: doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408684:

Xu J, Sheng L, Yan Z, Hong L. Blood lead and cadmium levels of children: a case study in Suicide Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Aquila I, Pepe F, Di Nunzio C, Ausania F, Serra A, Ricci P. West Indian Med J 2014; 63: 29-33. Suicide case due to phosphoric acid ingestion: case report and review of literature.

J Forensic Sci 2014; online early: Yabe J, Nakayama SMM, Ikenaka Y, Yohannes YB, Bortey- doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12538: Sam N, Oroszlany B, Muzandu K, Choongo K, Kabalo AN,

Ntapisha J, Mweene A, Umemura T, Ishizuka M. Eroglu MZ, Günes T, Nebioglu M. in children from townships in the vicinity of Suicide attempt by subcutaneous injection of cyanide: a a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia. case report. Chemosphere 2014; 119: 941-7. Düsünen Adam 2014; 27: 257-60.

Yavuz H, Emiroglu M. Rockett IR, Smith GS, Caine ED, Kapusta ND, Hanzlick RL, Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with n-acetylcysteine. Larkin GL, Naylor CP, Nolte KB, Miller TR, Putnam SL, De Pediatr Int 2014; 56: e52-e54. LD, Kleinig J, Stack S, Todd KH, Fraser DW. Confronting death from drug self-intoxication (DDSI): Polymorphisms prevention through a better definition. Am J Public Health 2014; online early: Suthandiram S, Gan G-G, Zain SM, Bee P-C, Lian L-H, doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302244: Chang K-M, Ong T-C, Mohamed Z.

Effect of polymorphisms within methotrexate pathway Sarkar S, Srinivas B, Grover S. genes on methotrexate toxicity and plasma levels in adults Quadruple pact suicide attempt involving a man and three with hematological malignancies. adolescents. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15: 1479-94. Indian J Psychol Med 2014; 36: 422-4.

Psychiatric aspects MANAGEMENT Dragogna F, Oldani L, Buoli M, Altamura AC. A case of severe psychosis induced by novel recreational General drugs. Aksel G, Güler S, Dogan NÖ, Çorbacioglu S. F1000Research 2014; 3: 21. A randomized trial comparing intravenous paracetamol, topical , and ice application for treatment of pain associated with scorpion stings. Reprotoxicity Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; online early: Klein JP, Mold M, Mery L, Cottier M, Exley C. doi: 10.1177/0960327114551394: Aluminum content of human semen: implications for semen quality. Card DJ, Francis S, Deuchande K, Harrington DJ. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50: 43-8. Superwarfarin poisoning and its management. BMJ Case Rep 2014; doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-206360: Padula AM, Noth EM, Hammond SK, Lurmann FW, Yang W, Tager IB, Shaw GM. Jung Y, Namkoong K. Exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Alcohol: intoxication and poisoning – Diagnosis and treat- during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth. ment. Environ Res 2014; 135: 221-6. Handb Clin Neurol 2014; 125: 115-21.

Risk assessment Kaur S, Singh S, Chahal KS, Prakash A. Potential pharmacological strategies for the improved Kennedy MC, Glass CR, Bokkers B, Hart AD, Hamey PY, treatment of organophosphate-induced neurotoxicity. Kruisselbrink JW, de Boer WJ, van der Voet H, Garthwaite Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; online early: DG, Van Klaveren JD. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0113: A European model and case studies for aggregate exposure assessment of pesticides. Li Q, Bi MJ, Bi WK, Kang H, Yan LJ, Guo Y-L. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; online early: Edaravone attenuates brain damage in rats after acute CO doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.09.009: poisoning through inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress. van der Voet H, de Boer WJ, Kruisselbrink JW, Goedhart Environ Toxicol 2014; online early: PW, van der Heijden GWAM, Kennedy MC, Boon PE, Van doi: 10.1002/tox.22052: Klaveren JD. The MCRA model for probabilistic single-compound and Maduwage K, Isbister GK. cumulative risk assessment of pesticides. Current treatment for venom-induced consumption Food Chem Toxicol 2014; online early: coagulopathy resulting from . doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.014: PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8: e3220.

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MANAGEMENT Bush SP, Ruha AM, Seifert SA, Morgan DL, Lewis BJ, Arnold TC, Clark RF, Meggs WJ, Toschlog EA, Borron SW, Figge General GR, Sollee DR, Shirazi FM, Wolk R, de Chazal I, Quan D, Mittal G, Kumar N, Rawat H, Jaimini A, Chhillar M, García-Ubbelohde W, Alagón A, Gerkin RD, Boyer LV. Bhatnagar A. Comparison of F(ab')2 versus Fab antivenom for pit viper Development and clinical study of submicronic- envenomation: a prospective, blinded, multicenter, sulphate respiratory fluid as a novel organophosphorous randomized clinical trial. poisoning antidote. Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: Drug Delivery 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.974263: doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.965801:

Oghabian Z, Ghanbarzadeh N, Sharifi MD, Mehrpour O. Goel SC, Yabrodi M, Fortenberry J. Treatment of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) Recognition and successful treatment of priapism and poisoning; a case study. suspected black widow spider bite with antivenin. Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med 2014; 4: 104-7. Pediatr Emerg Care 2014; 30: 723-4.

Owens KH, Medlicott NJ, Zacharias M, Whyte IM, Buckley Atropine NA, Reith DM. Mittal G, Kumar N, Rawat H, Jaimini A, Chhillar M, Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) Bhatnagar A. modelling to describe the effects of paracetamol and N- Development and clinical study of submicronic-atropine acetylcysteine on the International Normalised Ratio (INR). sulphate respiratory fluid as a novel organophosphorous Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; online early: doi: poisoning antidote. 10.1111/1440-1681.12327: Drug Delivery 2014; online early:

Ranasinghe P, Dilrukshi SA, Atukorala I, Katulanda P, doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.965801: Gnanathasan A. Exchange transfusion can be life-saving in severe propanil Lipid emulsion therapy poisoning: a case report. Bartlett D. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7: 700. Intravenous lipids: antidotal therapy for

and toxic effects of local . Richards DB, Wang GS, Buchanan JA. Crit Care Nurs 2014; 34: 62-6. Pediatric tea tree oil aspiration treated with surfactant in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2014; online early: Johnson-Arbor K, Salinger L, Luczycki S. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000234: Prolonged laboratory interference after administration of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy. Antidotes J Med Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181- 014-0438-8: Acetylcysteine Agarwal A, Robo R, Jain N, Gutch M, Consil S, Kumar S. Oxidative stress determined through the levels of Methylthioninium chloride (Methylene antioxidant enzymes and the effect of N-acetylcysteine in blue) aluminum phosphide poisoning. Jang DH, Donovan S, Nelson LS, Bania TC, Hoffman RS, Indian J Crit Care Med 2014; 18: 666-71. Chu J. Efficacy of methylene blue in an experimental model of Owens KH, Medlicott NJ, Zacharias M, Whyte IM, Buckley calcium channel blockerinduced shock. NA, Reith DM. Ann Emerg Med 2014; online early: Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.09.015: modelling to describe the effects of paracetamol and N- acetylcysteine on the International Normalised Ratio (INR). Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; online early: doi: Oximes 10.1111/1440-1681.12327: Kalász H, Nurulain SM, Veress G, Antus S, Darvas F, Adeghate E, Adem A, Hashemi F, Tekes K. Yavuz H, Emiroglu M. Mini review on blood-brain barrier penetration of Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with n-acetylcysteine. pyridinium aldoximes. Pediatr Int 2014; 56: e52-e54. J Appl Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1002/jat.3048:

Activated charcoal Voicu V, Radulescu FS, Medvedovici A. Villarreal J, Kahn CA, Dunford JV, Patel E, Clark RF. Relationships between the antidotal efficacy and structure, A retrospective review of the prehospital use of activated PK/PD parameters and bio-relevant molecular descriptors charcoal. of AChE reactivating oximes: inclusion and integration to Am J Emerg Med 2014; online early: biopharmaceutical classification systems. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.10.019: Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1517/17425255.2015.980813: Antivenom Alvarenga LM, Zahid M, di Tommaso A, Juste MO, Aubrey Worek F, Elsinghorst P, Koller M, Thiermann H. N, Billiald P, Muzard J. Reactions of methylphosphonic difluoride with human Engineering Venom's -neutralizing antibody fragments acetylcholinesterase and oximes  Possible therapeutic and its therapeutic potential. implications. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6: 2541-67. Toxicol Lett 2014; 231: 92-8.

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Buprenorphine Forster V, Signorell RD, Roveri M, Leroux J-C. Greenwald MK, Comer SD, Fiellin DA. Liposome-supported peritoneal dialysis for detoxification of drugs and endogenous metabolites. Buprenorphine maintenance and mu-opioid receptor availability in the treatment of opioid use disorder: Sci Transl Med 2014; 6: 258ra141. implications for clinical use and policy. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 144: 1-11. Kauthale RR, Dadarkar SS, Husain R, Karande VV, Gatne MM. Assessment of temperature-induced hERG channel blockade variation by drugs. Edaravone J Appl Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1002/jat.3074: Li Q, Bi MJ, Bi WK, Kang H, Yan LJ, Guo Y-L. Edaravone attenuates brain damage in rats after acute CO Kim T, Han N, Sohn M, Oh JM, Lee EK, Ji E, Kim I-W. poisoning through inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative Pharmacogenomic biomarker information in FDA-approved stress. paediatric drug labels. Environ Toxicol 2014; online early: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: doi: 10.1002/tox.22052: 10.1111/bcpt.12341:

Extracorporeal treatments Maignan M, Richard A, Debaty G, Pommier P, Viglino D, Ghannoum M, Yates C, Galvao TF, Sowinski KM, Vo THV, Loizzo F, Timsit J-F, Hanna J, Carpentier F, Danel V. Coogan A, Gosselin S, Lavergne V, Nolin TD, Hoffman RS. Intentional drug poisoning care in a physician-manned Extracorporeal treatment for carbamazepine poisoning: emergency medical service. systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP Prehosp Emerg Care 2014; online early: workgroup. doi: 10.3109/10903127.2014.964890: Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.973572: Pritchett JS, Phinney KW. Influence of chemical straightening on the stability of Mactier R, Laliberté M, Mardini J, Ghannoum M, Lavergne drugs of abuse in hair. V, Gosselin S, Hoffman RS, Nolin TD, on behalf of the J Anal Toxicol 2014; online early: EXTRIP workgroup. doi: 10.1093/jat/bku106: Extracorporeal treatment for barbiturate poisoning: recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup. Rockett IR, Smith GS, Caine ED, Kapusta ND, Hanzlick RL, Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 64: 347-58. Larkin GL, Naylor CP, Nolte KB, Miller TR, Putnam SL, De LD, Kleinig J, Stack S, Todd KH, Fraser DW. Naloxone Confronting death from drug self-intoxication (DDSI): prevention through a better definition. Lenton S, Dietze P, Olsen A, Wiggins N, McDonald D, Am J Public Health 2014; online early: Fowlie C. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302244: Working together: expanding the availability of naloxone for peer administration to prevent deaths Smith MD, Spiller HA, Casavant MJ, Chounthirath T, in the Australian Capital Territory and beyond. Brophy TJ, Xiang H. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; online early: Out-of-hospital medication errors among young children in doi: 10.1111/dar.12198: the United States, 20022012.

Pediatrics 2014; online early: doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-0309: Samuels E.

Emergency department naloxone distribution: a Rhode Island department of health, recovery community, and Acetaminophen (see paracetamol) emergency department partnership to reduce opioid overdose deaths. R I Med J (2013) 2014; 97: 38-9. Amfetamines and MDMA (ecstasy) Høiseth G, Andås H, Bachs L, Mørland J. Impairment due to amphetamines and benzodiazepines, Peritoneal dialysis alone and in combination. Forster V, Signorell RD, Roveri M, Leroux J-C. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; online early: Liposome-supported peritoneal dialysis for detoxification doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.013: of drugs and endogenous metabolites. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6: 258ra141. Matthews AJ, Bruno R, Dietze P, Butler K, Burns L. Driving under the influence among frequent ecstasy DRUGS consumers in Australia: trends over time and the role of risk perceptions. General Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 144: 218-24. Berger FH, Nieboer KH, Goh GS, Pinto A, Scaglione M. Body packing: a review of general background, clinical and Shariati MBH, Sohrabi M, Shahidi S, Nikkhah A, Mirzaei F, imaging aspects. Medizadeh M, Asl SS. La Radiologia medica 2014; online early: Acute effects of ecstasy on memory are more extensive doi: 10.1007/s11547-014-0458-0: than chronic effects. Basic Clin Neurosci 2014; 5: 225-30. Fadum EA, Stanley B, Qin P, Diep LM, Mehlum L. Self-poisoning with medications in adolescents: a national Vaghefi S, Mostafazadeh B. register study of hospital admissions and readmissions. A perforated duodenal ulcer after using of methamphetamin Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; online early: and methadone. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.09.004: Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med 2014; 4: 113-8.

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Anaesthetics Anticoagulants Bartlett D. Superwarfarin Intravenous lipids: antidotal therapy for drug overdose Card DJ, Francis S, Deuchande K, Harrington DJ. and toxic effects of local anesthetics. Superwarfarin poisoning and its management. Crit Care Nurs 2014; 34: 62-6. BMJ Case Rep 2014; doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-206360:

Lidocaine Anticonvulsants Afacan MA, Colak S, Erdogan MO, Kosargelir M, Ibrahim A, Karinen R, Vindenes V, Hasvold I, Olsen KM, Tekesin K, Kandis H. Christophersen AS, Øiestad E. Lidocaine-induced delirium: a case report. Determination of a selection of anti-epileptic drugs and Am J Emerg Med 2014; online early: two active metabolites in whole blood by reversed phase doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.09.044: UPLC-MS/MS and some examples of application of the method in forensic toxicology cases. Sevoflurane Drug Test Anal 2014; online early: Scapellato ML, Carrieri M, Maccà I, Salamon F, Trevisan A, doi: 10.1002/dta.1733: Manno M, Bartolucci GB. Biomonitoring occupational sevoflurane exposure at low van der Meer DH, Wieringa A, Wegner I, Wilffert B, ter levels by urinary sevoflurane and hexafluoroisopropanol. Horst PGJ. Toxicol Lett 2014; online early: Lactation studies of anticonvulsants: a quality review. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.018: Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12524: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists Korkes HA, De Oliveira LG, Berlinck L, Goes FS, Borges AF, Carbamazepine Kirsztajn GM, Sass N. Ghannoum M, Yates C, Galvao TF, Sowinski KM, Vo THV, Human fetal malformations associated with the use of an Coogan A, Gosselin S, Lavergne V, Nolin TD, Hoffman RS. angiotensin II receptor antagonist: case report. Extracorporeal treatment for carbamazepine poisoning: J Bras Nefrol 2014; 36: 410-3. systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup.

Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: Anti-emetics doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.973572: Ondansetron Cohen R, Shlomo M, Dil DN, Dinavitser N, Berkovitch M, Koutsampasopoulos K, Zotos A, Papamichalis M, Koren G. Papaioannou K. Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy by ondansetron. Carbamazepine induced atrial tachycardia with complete Reprod Toxicol 2014; online early: AV block. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.014: Hippokratia 2014; 18: 185-6.

Antiarrhythmics Amiodarone Yavuz H, Emiroglu M. Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with n-acetylcysteine. Fadahunsi O, Krol R. Pediatr Int 2014; 56: e52-e54. Acute amiodarone pulmonary toxicity following lung resection. Int J Biomed Sci 2014; 10: 217-20. Phenytoin Thimmisetty RK, Gorthi JR, Abu Hazeem M. Sirsikar SS, Ranpise SM, Patil AS, Deodhar KY. Oral phenytoin toxicity causing sinus arrest: a case report. Amiodarone induced pulmonary toxicity in a case of atrial Case Rep Cardiol 2014; 2014: 851767. fibrillation. J Assoc Physicians India 2014; 62: 347-9.

Oktay S, Alev B, Tunali S, Emekli-Alturfan E, Tunali-Akbay T, Koc-Ozturk L, Yanardag R, Yarat A. Lewis SJ, Mueller BA. Edaravone ameliorates the adverse effects of valproic acid dosing in patients with acute kidney injury: toxicity in small intestine. "enough but not too much". Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; online early: J Intensive Care Med 2014; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327114554047: doi: 10.1177/0885066614555490: Antidepressants Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Nageswara Rao R, Guru Prasad K. Jamous F, Ayaz SZ, Choate J. Stereo-specific LC and LC-MS bioassays of antidepressants Acute fibrinous organising pneumonia: a manifestation of and psychotics. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole pulmonary toxicity. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; online early: BMJ Case Rep 2014; doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-205017: doi: 10.1002/bmc.3356:

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Antidepressants Barbiturates Panisset M, Chen JJ, Rhyee SH, Conner J, Mathena J, the Mactier R, Laliberté M, Mardini J, Ghannoum M, Lavergne STACCATO study investigators. V, Gosselin S, Hoffman RS, Nolin TD, on behalf of the Serotonin toxicity association with concomitant anti- EXTRIP workgroup. depressants and rasagiline treatment: retrospective study Extracorporeal treatment for barbiturate poisoning: (STACCATO). recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup. Pharmacotherapy 2014; online early: Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 64: 347-58. doi: 10.1002/phar.1500: Benznidazole Martínez N, Elena MM, Enrique Mastrantonio G, Raba J, Antimalarial drugs Cerutti S. Artesunate Development of a LC-MS/MS methodology for the monitoring Raffray L, Receveur M-C, Beguet M, Lauroua P, Pistone T, of the antichagasic drug benznidazole in human urine. Malvy D. Talanta 2015; 131: 656-60. Severe delayed autoimmune haemolytic anaemia following artesunate administration in severe malaria: a case report. Benzodiazepines Malar J 2014; 13: 398. Bertol E, Mari F, Boscolo Berto R, Mannaioni G, Vaiano F, Favretto D. Antipsychotics A mixed MDPV and benzodiazepine intoxication in a chronic drug abuser: determination of MDPV metabolites Nageswara Rao R, Guru Prasad K. by LCHRMS and discussion of the case. Stereo-specific LC and LC-MS bioassays of antidepressants Forensic Sci Int 2014; 243: 149-55. and psychotics. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; online early: Høiseth G, Andås H, Bachs L, Mørland J. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3356: Impairment due to amphetamines and benzodiazepines, alone and in combination. Skov L, Johansen SS, Linnet K. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; online early: Postmortem femoral blood reference concentrations of doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.013: aripiprazole, chlorprothixene, and quetiapine. J Anal Toxicol 2014; online early: Jones CM, Paulozzi LJ, Mack KA. Alcohol involvement in opioid pain reliever and benzo- doi: 10.1093/jat/bku121: diazepine drug abuse-related emergency department visits

and drug-related deaths – United States, 2010. Antirheumatic drugs MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63: 881-5. Krause ML, Amin S, Makol A. Use of DMARDs and biologics during pregnancy and Midazolam lactation in rheumatoid arthritis: what the rheumatologist Yilmaz E, Hough KA, Gebhart GF, Williams BA, Gold MS. needs to know. Mechanisms underlying midazolam-induced peripheral Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2014; 6: 169-84. nerve block and neurotoxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2014; online early: Antivenom doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000176:

Lepak MR, Bochenek SH, Bush SP. Severe adverse drug reaction following crotalidae polyvalent Benzofurans immune fab (ovine) administration for copperhead Kamour A, James D, Lupton DJ, Cooper G, Eddleston M, snakebite. Vale JA, Thompson JP, Thanacoody HKR, Hill SL, Thomas SHL. Ann Pharmacother 2014; online early: Patterns of presentation and clinical features of toxicity after doi: 10.1177/1060028014555711: reported use of ([2-aminopropyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans), the 'benzofuran' compounds. A report from the United Atrazine Kingdom National Poisons Information Service. Jestadi DB, Phaniendra A, Babji U, Srinu T, Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: Shanmuganathan B, Periyasamy L. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.973115: Effects of short term exposure of atrazine on the liver and kidney of normal and diabetic rats. Bisphosphonates J Toxicol 2014; 2014: 536759. Morden NE, Munson JC, Smith J, MacKenzie TA, Liu SK, Tosteson AN. Oral bisphosphonates and upper gastrointestinal toxicity: a study of cancer and early signals of esophageal injury. Kiel LB, Hoegberg LC, Jansen T, Petersen JA, Dalhoff KP. Osteoporos Int 2014; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00198- A nationwide register-based survey of baclofen toxicity. 014-2925-9: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12344: Calcium channel blockers Jang DH, Donovan S, Nelson LS, Bania TC, Hoffman RS, Pape E, Roman E, Scala-Bertola J, Thivilier C, Javot L, Chu J. Saint-Marcoux F, Jouzeau JY, Gambier N. Efficacy of methylene blue in an experimental model of Death of an alcohol-dependent patient following intentional calcium channel blockerinduced shock. drug intoxication: implication of baclofen? Ann Emerg Med 2014; online early: Eur Addict Res 2014; 20: 300-4. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.09.015:

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Calcium channel blockers Peters FT. Tuchinda P, Kulthanan K, Khankham S, Jongjarearnprasert Recent developments in urinalysis of metabolites of new K, Dhana N. psychoactive substances using LC-MS. Cutaneous adverse reactions to calcium channel blockers. Bioanalysis 2014; 6: 2083-107. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2014; 32: 246-50. Fluid resuscitation (marijuana) Myburgh J. Dzodzomenyo S, Stolfi A, Splaingard D, Earley E, Onadeko Fluid resuscitation in acute medicine: what is the current O, Splaingard M. situation? Urine toxicology screen in multiple sleep latency test: the J Intern Med 2014; online early: correlation of positive tetrahydrocannabinol, drug negative doi: 10.1111/joim.12326: patients, and narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med 2014; online early: doi: PM:25348245: Gamma hydroxybutyrate Castro AL, Dias M, Reis F, Teixeira HM. Fierro I, González-Luque JC, Álvarez FJ. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid endogenous production and The relationship between observed signs of impairment post-mortem behaviour – The importance of different bio- and THC concentration in oral fluid. logical matrices, cut-off reference values, sample collection Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 144: 231-8. and storage conditions. J Forensic Legal Med 2014; 27: 17-24. Hall W. What has research over the past two decades revealed Herbal medicines, ethnic remedies about the adverse health effects of recreational cannabis use? and dietary supplements Addiction 2014; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.12703: Gürgen SG, Yücel AT, Karakus AÇ, Çeçen D, Özen G, Koçtürk S. Westin AA, Mjønes G, Burchardt O, Fuskevåg OM, Slørdal L. Usage of whey protein may cause liver damage via inflammatory and apoptotic responses. Can physical exercise or food deprivation cause release of fat-stored ? Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; online early: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115: 467-71. doi: 10.1177/0960327114556787:

Kocaoglu C, Ozel A. Cardiac drugs Persistent metabolic acidosis and severe diarrhoea due to Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Artemisia absinthium poisoning. Mitochondrial toxicity of cardiac drugs and its relevance to J Pak Med Assoc 2014; 64: 1081-3. mitochondrial disorders. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 2014: 1-10. Ryan M, Lazar I, Nadasdy GM, Nadasdy T, Satoskar AA. Acute kidney injury and hyperbilirubinemia in a young Cocaine male after ingestion of Tribulus terrestris. Fucci N, Pascali VL. Clin Nephrol 2014; online early: doi: 10.5414/CN108324: Acute and cocaine related death after trimethoprim-adultered cocaine abuse. Smith DA, Macdonald S. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2014; 44: 499-501. A rare case of acute hepatitis induced by use of Babchi seeds as an Ayurvedic remedy for vitiligo. Nasser AF, Fudala PJ, Zheng B, Liu Y, Heidbreder C. BMJ Case Rep 2014; doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-200958: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of RBP- 8000 in cocaine abusers: pharmacokinetic profile of RBP- Heroin (diacetylmorphine) 8000 and cocaine and effects of RBP-8000 on cocaine- Dasgupta N, Creppage K, Austin A, Ringwalt C, Sanford C, induced physiological effects. Proescholdbell SK. J Addict Dis 2014; online early: Observed transition from opioid deaths toward doi: 10.1080/10550887.2014.969603: heroin. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; online early: Designer drugs doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.005: Al-Abri SA, Meier KH, Colby JM, Smollin CG, Benowitz NL. Cardiogenic shock after use of fluoroamphetamine Rudd RA, Paulozzi LJ, Bauer MJ, Burleson RW, Carlson RE, confirmed with serum and urine levels. Dao D, Davis JW, Dudek J, Eichler BA, Fernandes JC, Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: Fondario A, Gabella B, Hume B, Huntamer T, Kariisa M, doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.974262: Largo TW, Miles J, Newmyer A, Nitcheva D, Perez BE, Proescholdbell SK, Sabel JC, Skiba J, Slavova S, Stone K, Dragogna F, Oldani L, Buoli M, Altamura AC. Tharp JM, Wendling T, Wright D, Zehner AM. A case of severe psychosis induced by novel recreational Increases in heroin overdose deaths – 28 States, 2010 to drugs. 2012. F1000Research 2014; 3: 21. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63: 849-54.

Hofer KE, Degrandi C, Müller DM, Zürrer-Härdi U, Wahl S, Hydroxychloroquine Rauber-Lüthy C, Ceschi A. Melles RB, Marmor MF. Acute toxicity associated with the recreational use of the The risk of toxic retinopathy in patients on long-term novel psychoactive substance . hydroxychloroquine therapy. Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: JAMA Ophthalmol 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.974264: doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3459:

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Immunosuppressants Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Mycophenolate Rasagiline Martín MC, Cristiano E, Villanueva M, Bonora ML, Berguio Panisset M, Chen JJ, Rhyee SH, Conner J, Mathena J, the N, Tocci A, Groisman B, Bidondo MP, Liascovich R, STACCATO study investigators. Barbero P. Serotonin toxicity association with concomitant anti- depressants and rasagiline treatment: retrospective study Esophageal atresia and prenatal exposure to (STACCATO). mycophenolate. Pharmacotherapy 2014; online early: Reprod Toxicol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1002/phar.1500: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.015: Nicotine Lithium Chou H-C, Chen C-M. Arnaoudova MD. Maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation in elderly – A case report and discussion. induces cardiac remodeling in rat offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50: 4-10. J IMAB Annu Proc Sci Pap 2014; 20: 519-22.

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Nickel 2,4-D Minigaliyeva IA, Katsnelson BA, Privalova LI, Gurvich VB, Oghabian Z, Ghanbarzadeh N, Sharifi MD, Mehrpour O. Panov VG, Varaksin AN, Makeyev OH, Sutunkova MP, Treatment of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) Loginova NV, Kireyeva EP, Grigoryeva EV, Slyshkina TV, poisoning; a case study. Ganebnykh EV, Grebenkina SV. Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med 2014; 4: 104-7. Toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic descriptors of combined chromium (VI) and nickel toxicity. Int J Toxicol 2014; online early: Aluminium phosphide doi: 10.1177/1091581814555915: Agarwal A, Robo R, Jain N, Gutch M, Consil S, Kumar S. Oxidative stress determined through the levels of antioxidant enzymes and the effect of N-acetylcysteine in PESTICIDES aluminum phosphide poisoning. General Indian J Crit Care Med 2014; 18: 666-71. Alam G, Jones BC. Toxicogenetics: in search of host susceptibility to Elabbassi W, Chowdhury MA, Al Nooryani Fachtartz A. environmental toxicants. Severe reversible myocardial injury associated with Front Genet 2014; 5: 327. aluminium phosphide toxicity: a case report and review of literature. Carmichael SL, Yang W, Roberts E, Kegley SE, Padula AM, J Saudi Heart Assoc 2014; 26: 216-21. English PB, Lammer EJ, Shaw GM. Residential agricultural pesticide exposures and risk of Sarkar S, Srinivas B, Grover S. selected congenital heart defects among offspring in the Quadruple pact suicide attempt involving a man and three San Joaquin Valley of California. adolescents. Environ Res 2014; 135: 133-8. Indian J Psychol Med 2014; 36: 422-4.

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Fungicides Guo H, Jin Y, Cheng Y, Leaderer B, Lin S, Holford TR, Qiu J, Zhang Y, Shi K, Zhu Y, Niu J, Bassig BA, Xu S, Zhang B, Roelofs MJE, Temming AR, Piersma AH, van den Berg M, Li Y, Hu X, Chen Q, Zheng T. van Duursen MBM. Conazole fungicides inhibit Leydig cell testosterone Prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides and infant secretion and androgen receptor activation in vitro. birth weight in China. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1: 271-83. Chemosphere 2014; 110: 1-7.

Fluopyram Steenland K, Mora AM, Barr DB, Juncos J, Roman N, Wesseling C. Rouquié D, Tinwell H, Blanck O, Schorsch F, Geter D, Wason S, Bars R. Organochlorine chemicals and neurodegeneration among Thyroid tumor formation in the male mouse induced by elderly subjects in Costa Rica. fluopyram is mediated by activation of hepatic CAR/PXR Environ Res 2014; 134: 205-9. nuclear receptors. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; online early: Organophosphorus insecticides doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.10.003: General Tinwell H, Rouquié D, Schorsch F, Geter D, Wason S, Bars R. Eskenazi B, Kogut K, Huen K, Harley KG, Bouchard M, Liver tumor formation in female rat induced by fluopyram Bradman A, Boyd-Barr D, Johnson C, Holland N. is mediated by CAR/PXR nuclear receptor activation. Organophosphate pesticide exposure, PON1, and neuro- Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; online early: development in school-age children from the CHAMACOS doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.09.011: study. Environ Res 2014; 134: 149-57. Tebuconazole Fustinoni S, Mercadante R, Polledri E, Rubino FM, Mandic- Kaur S, Singh S, Chahal KS, Prakash A. Rajcevic S, Vianello G, Colosio C, Moretto A. Potential pharmacological strategies for the improved Biological monitoring of exposure to tebuconazole in treatment of organophosphate-induced neurotoxicity. winegrowers. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; online early: J Expos Sci Environ Epidemiol 2014; 24: 643-9. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0113:

Herbicides Mittal G, Kumar N, Rawat H, Jaimini A, Chhillar M, Glyphosate Bhatnagar A. Farrer P, Falck M. Development and clinical study of submicronic-atropine Toxic glyphosate herbicides fly under the EU's regulatory sulphate respiratory fluid as a novel organophosphorous radar. poisoning antidote. Pestic News 2014; 96: 1-4. Drug Delivery 2014; online early: doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.965801: Propanil Ranasinghe P, Dilrukshi SA, Atukorala I, Katulanda P, Surajudeen YA, Sheu RK, Ayokulehin KM, Olatunbosun AG. Gnanathasan A. Oxidative stress indices in Nigerian pesticide applicators Exchange transfusion can be life-saving in severe propanil and farmers occupationally exposed to organophosphate poisoning: a case report. pesticides. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7: 700. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2014; 4: S37-S40.

Organochlorine pesticides Acephate General Beavers CT, Parker JJ, Flinchum DA, Weakley-Jones BA, Burns JS, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Hauser R, Sergeyev O, Jortani SA. Revich B, Lam T, Lee MM. Pesticide-induced quadriplegia in a 55-year-old woman. Association between chlorinated pesticides in the serum of Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2014; online early: doi: prepubertal Russian boys and longitudinal biomarkers of 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000108: metabolic function. Am J Epidemiol 2014; online early: doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu212: Chlorpyrifos Uchendu C, Ambali SF, Ayo JO, Esievo KAN, Umosen AJ. Deribe E, Rosseland BO, Borgstrøm R, Salbu B, Erythrocyte osmotic fragility and lipid peroxidation Gebremariam Z, Dadebo E, Skipperud L, Eklo OM. following chronic co-exposure of rats to chlorpyrifos and Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in deltamethrin, and the beneficial effect of alpha-lipoic acid. fish from Lake Awassa in the Ethiopian rift valley: human Toxicol Rep 2014; 1: 373-8. health risks. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 93: 238-44. Fenthion Eden PR, Meek EC, Wills RW, Olsen EV, Crow JA, Ben Amara I, Sefi M, Troudi A, Soudani N, Boudawara T, Chambers JE. Zeghal N. Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with plasma Fenthion, an organophosphorus pesticide, induces alterations organochlorine compound concentrations. in oxidant/antioxidant status and histopathological disorders J Expos Sci Environ Epidemiol 2014; online early: doi: in cerebrum and cerebellum of suckling rats. 10.1038/jes.2014.69: Indian J Biochem Biophys 2014; 51: 293-301.

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Methamidophos CHEMICAL WARFARE, Garner F, Jones K. Biological monitoring for exposure to methamidophos: a BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AND human oral dosing study. RIOT CONTROL AGENTS Toxicol Lett 2014; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.008: Chemical warfare General Paraquat and diquat Gaillard Y, Regenstreif P, Fanton L. Koh KH, Tan CHH, Hii LWS, Lee J, Ngu LLS, Chai AJM, Loh Modern toxic antipersonnel projectiles. C-L, Lam S-W, Mushahar L, Fam T-L, Yusuf WS. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2014; online early: doi: Survival predictors in paraquat intoxification and role of 10.1097/PAF.0b013e318288abe8: immunosuppression. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1: 490-5. Mustard gas Veress LA, Anderson DR, Hendry-Hofer TB, Houin PR, Pei Y, Cai X, Chen J, Sun B, Sun Z, Wang X, Qian X. Rioux JS, Garlick RB, Loader JE, Paradiso DC, Smith RW, The role of p38 MAPK in acute paraquat-induced lung Rancourt RC, Holmes WW, White CW. injury in rats. Airway tissue plasminogen activator prevents acute Inhal Toxicol 2014; online early: mortality due to lethal sulfur mustard inhalation. doi: 10.3109/08958378.2014.970784: Toxicol Sci 2014; online early: doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu225: Qian J, Liu L, Chen L, Lu X, Zhu C. Increased toll-like receptor 9 expression is associated with Xu H, Nie Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Yue L, Yang W, Chen J, Dong the severity of paraquat-induced lung injury in mice. Y, Liu Q, Lin Y, Wu B, Feng J, Li H, Guo L, Xie J. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; online early: Four sulfur mustard exposure cases: overall analysis of doi: 10.1177/0960327114542963: four types of biomarkers in clinical samples provides positive implication for early diagnosis and treatment Silva R, Carmo H, Vilas-Boas V, Barbosa DJ, Monteiro M, monitoring. de Pinho PG, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1: 533-43. Several transport systems contribute to the intestinal uptake of Paraquat, modulating its cytotoxic effects. Nitrogen mustard Toxicol Lett 2014; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.015: Lulla A, Reznik S, Trombetta L, Billack B. Use of the mouse ear vesicant model to evaluate the effectiveness of ebselen as a countermeasure to the Pyrethroid insecticides nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine. General J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34: 1373-8. Hansen MR, Jørs E, Lander F, Condarco G, Schlünssen V. Is cumulated pyrethroid exposure associated with Nerve agents prediabetes? a cross-sectional study. Worek F, Elsinghorst P, Koller M, Thiermann H. J Agromed 2014; 19: 417-26. Reactions of methylphosphonic difluoride with human acetylcholinesterase and oximes  Possible therapeutic Deltamethrin implications. Kumar A, Nagar M. Toxicol Lett 2014; 231: 92-8. Histomorphometric study of testis in deltamethrin treated albino rats. Soman Toxicol Rep 2014; 1: 401-10. Myhrer T, Enger S, Aas P.

Behavioral side effects of prophylactic therapies against Magby JP, Richardson JR. soman-induced seizures and lethality in rats. Role of calcium and calpain in the downregulation of Toxicol Rep 2014; 1: 102-13. voltage-gated sodium channel expression by the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; online early: PLANTS doi: 10.1002/jbt.21676: Artemisia absinthium (Common

Uchendu C, Ambali SF, Ayo JO, Esievo KAN, Umosen AJ. wormwood) Erythrocyte osmotic fragility and lipid peroxidation Kocaoglu C, Ozel A. following chronic co-exposure of rats to chlorpyrifos and Persistent metabolic acidosis and severe diarrhoea due to deltamethrin, and the beneficial effect of alpha-lipoic acid. Artemisia absinthium poisoning. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1: 373-8. J Pak Med Assoc 2014; 64: 1081-3.

Permethrin (Jimson weed) Rossbach B, Niemietz A, Kegel P, Letzel S. Sanlidag B, Derinöz O, Yildiz N. Uptake and elimination of permethrin related to the use of A case of pediatric age anticholinergic intoxication due to permethrin treated clothing for forestry workers. accidental Datura stramonium ingestion admitting with Toxicol Lett 2014; online early: visual hallucination. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.017: Turk J Pediatr 2014; 56: 313-5.

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Hypericum perforatum Ciguatera Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Chan TY. Liebler DC, Marks JG, Jr., Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Epidemiology and clinical features of ciguatera fish Andersen FA. poisoning in Hong Kong. Amended safety assessment of Hypericum perforatum- Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6: 2989-97. derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2014; 33: 5S-23S. Epelboin L, Pérignon A, Hossen V, Vincent R, Krys S, Caumes E. Two clusters of ciguatera fish poisoning in Paris, France, Mushrooms and other fungi related to tropical fish imported from the French Jo W-S, Hossain MA, Park S-C. Caribbean by travelers. Toxicological profiles of poisonous, edible, and medicinal J Travel Med 2014; 21: 397-402. mushrooms. Mycobiology 2014; 42: 215-20. Mattei C, Vetter I, Eisenblätter A, Krock B, Ebbecke M, Desel H, Zimmermann K. Magoha H, De Meulenaer B, Kimanya M, Hipolite D, Lachat Ciguatera fish poisoning: a first epidemic in Germany C, Kolsteren P. highlights an increasing risk for European countries. Fumonisin B1 contamination in breast milk and its Toxicon 2014; online early: exposure in infants under 6 months of age in Rombo, doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.10.016: Northern Tanzania. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 74: 112-6. Jellyfish Badré S. Amanita mushrooms Bioactive toxins from stinging jellyfish. Gores KM, Hamieh TS, Schmidt GA. Toxicon 2014; online early: Survival following investigational treatment of Amanita doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.010: : thistle or shamrock? Chest 2014; 146: e126-e129. Scombroid Visciano P, Schirone M, Tofalo R, Suzzi G. Papaver Rhoeas (Common poppy) Histamine poisoning and control measures in fish and Gonullu H, Karadas S, Dulger AC, Ebinc S. fishery products. Front Microbiol 2014; 5: 500. Hepatotoxicity associated with the ingestion of Papaver rhoease. J Pak Med Assoc 2014; 64: 1189-90. Microorganisms Botulism Rhododendron spp. Ramirez-Castaneda J, Jankovic J. Dur A, Sonmez E, Civelek C, Turkdogan KA, Vatankulu MA, Long-term efficacy, safety, and side effect profile of Sogut O. botulinum toxin in dystonia: a 20-year follow-up. Mad honey intoxication mimicking acute coronary syndrome. Toxicon 2014; 90: 344-8. J Pak Med Assoc 2014; 64: 1078-80. Tribulus terrestris Aksel G, Güler S, Dogan NÖ, Çorbacioglu S. A randomized trial comparing intravenous paracetamol, Ryan M, Lazar I, Nadasdy GM, Nadasdy T, Satoskar AA. topical lidocaine, and ice application for treatment of pain Acute kidney injury and hyperbilirubinemia in a young associated with scorpion stings. male after ingestion of Tribulus terrestris. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; online early: Clin Nephrol 2014; online early: doi: 10.5414/CN108324: doi: 10.1177/0960327114551394:

ANIMALS Jalali A, Rahim F. Epidemiological review of scorpion envenomation in Iran. General Iran J Pharm Res 2014; 13: 743-56. Narra A, Lie E, Hall M, Macy M, Alpern E, Shah SS, Osterhoudt KC, Fieldston E. Snake bites Resource utilization of pediatric patients exposed to venom. Maduwage K, Isbister GK. Hosp Pediatr 2014; 4: 276-82. Current treatment for venom-induced consumption

coagulopathy resulting from snakebite. Fish/marine poisoning PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8: e3220. Ferreiro SF, Vilariño N, Louzao MC, Nicolaou KC, Frederick MO, Botana LM. Warrick BJ, Boyer LV, Seifert SA. In vitro chronic effects on hERG channel caused by the Non-native (exotic) snake envenomations in the U.S., marine biotoxin Azaspiracid-2. 2005–2011. Toxicon 2014; online early: Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6: 2899-911. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.012: Copperhead Wu Y-J, Lin C-L, Chen C-H, Hsieh C-H, Jen H-C, Jian S-J, Lepak MR, Bochenek SH, Bush SP. Hwang D-F. Severe adverse drug reaction following crotalidae Toxin and species identification of toxic octopus implicated polyvalent immune fab (ovine) administration for into food poisoning in Taiwan. copperhead snakebite. Toxicon 2014; online early: Ann Pharmacother 2014; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.009: doi: 10.1177/1060028014555711:

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Crotalinae (Pit vipers) Krait Bush SP, Ruha AM, Seifert SA, Morgan DL, Lewis BJ, Arnold Alam HMA, Zaidi SBH. TC, Clark RF, Meggs WJ, Toschlog EA, Borron SW, Figge Envenomation in pregnancy by common krait (Bungarus GR, Sollee DR, Shirazi FM, Wolk R, de Chazal I, Quan D, caeruleus). García-Ubbelohde W, Alagón A, Gerkin RD, Boyer LV. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2014; 24: S144-S146. Comparison of F(ab')2 versus Fab antivenom for pit viper envenomation: a prospective, blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Goel SC, Yabrodi M, Fortenberry J. Clin Toxicol 2014; online early: Recognition and successful treatment of priapism and doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.974263: suspected black widow spider bite with antivenin. Pediatr Emerg Care 2014; 30: 723-4.

INDEX

2,4-D ...... 33 Carbamazepine ...... 19 6-hydroxyindole ...... 25 Carbon monoxide ...... 26 Acephate ...... 34 Carbon tetrachloride ...... 26 Acetaminophen ...... 23 Carbonyl compounds ...... 26 Acetylcysteine ...... 17 Carcinogenicity ...... 8 Activated charcoal ...... 17 Cardiac drugs ...... 21 Air pollution ...... 24 Cardiotoxicity ...... 9 Alcohol ...... 25 Cement ...... 26 Aluminium ...... 31 Chemical incidents ...... 25 Aluminium phosphide ...... 33 Chemical warfare, general ...... 35 Amanita mushrooms ...... 36 Chemicals, general ...... 25 Amfetamines ...... 18 Chlorpyrifos ...... 34 Amiodarone ...... 19 Chromium ...... 31 Anaesthetics ...... 19 Ciguatera ...... 36 Analytical toxicology ...... 8 Citalopram ...... 23 Angiotensin II receptor antagonists ...... 19 Cocaine...... 21 Animals, general ...... 36 Common poppy ...... 36 Antiarrhythmics ...... 19 Common wormwood ...... 35 Antibiotics ...... 19 Contrast media ...... 26 Anticoagulants ...... 19 Copperhead ...... 36 Anticonvulsants ...... 19 Corrosives ...... 26 Antidepressants ...... 19 Cosmetics ...... 26 Antidotes ...... 17 Cresol ...... 27 Anti-emetics ...... 19 Crotalinae ...... 37 Antimalarial drugs ...... 20 Cyanide ...... 27 Antipsychotics ...... 20 Datura stramonium ...... 35 Antirheumatic drugs ...... 20 Deltamethrin ...... 35 Antivenom ...... 17, 20 Dermal toxicity ...... 9 Arsenic ...... 31 Designer drugs ...... 21 Artemisia absinthium ...... 35 Developmental toxicology ...... 9 Artesunate ...... 20 Diacetylmorphine...... 21 Ascorbic acid ...... 24 Didecyldimethylammonium chloride ...... 27 Atrazine ...... 20 Dietary supplements ...... 21 Atropine ...... 17 Dimethylformamide ...... 27 Baclofen ...... 20 Dioxin ...... 27 Barbiturates ...... 20 Diquat ...... 35 Benzene ...... 28 Driving under the influence ...... 10 Benznidazole ...... 20 Drugs, general ...... 18 Benzodiazepines ...... 20 Dust ...... 27 Benzofurans ...... 20 E-cigarettes ...... 27 Benzydamine ...... 22 Ecstasy ...... 18 Beryllium ...... 31 Edaravone...... 18 Biological warfare...... 35 Epidemiology...... 10 Biomarkers ...... 8 Ethanol ...... 25 Bisphenol A ...... 26 Ethnic remedies ...... 21 Bisphosphonates ...... 20 Extracorporeal treatments ...... 18 Body packers ...... 8 Fentanyl...... 23 Boric acid ...... 26 Fenthion ...... 34 Botulism ...... 36 Fish/marine poisoning ...... 36 Buprenorphine ...... 18, 23 Flame retardants ...... 27 Cadmium ...... 31 Fluid resuscitation...... 21 Calciferol ...... 24 Fluopyram ...... 34 Calcium channel blockers...... 20 Forensic toxicology ...... 11 Cannabis ...... 21 Fungi ...... 36

38

Fungicides ...... 34 Opioids ...... 22 Gamma hydroxybutyrate ...... 21 Organochlorine pesticides, general ...... 34 Gasoline ...... 28 Organophosphorus insecticides, general ...... 34 Genotoxicity ...... 11 Oximes ...... 17 Glyphosate ...... 34 Paediatric toxicology ...... 14 Hazardous waste ...... 25 Paint thinners ...... 28 Hepatotoxicity ...... 11 Papaver Rhoeas ...... 36 Herbal medicines ...... 21 Paracetamol ...... 23 Herbicides ...... 34 Paraquat ...... 35 Heroin ...... 21 Perfluorinated compounds ...... 28 Hexamethylene diisocyanate ...... 27 Peritoneal dialysis ...... 18 Honey ...... 27 Permethrin ...... 35 Hydroxychloroquine ...... 21 Pesticides, general ...... 33 Hypericum perforatum ...... 36 Petrol...... 28 Immunosuppressants ...... 22 Petroleum oils ...... 28 Indium ...... 31 Pharmacobezoars ...... 23 Inhalation toxicity ...... 11 Phenol ...... 28 Iodine ...... 27 Phenytoin...... 19 Iron ...... 32 Phosphoric acid ...... 28 Jellyfish ...... 36 Phthalates ...... 28 Jimson weed ...... 35 Pit vipers ...... 37 Kerosene ...... 28 Plants, general ...... 35 Kinetics ...... 12 Plasticizers ...... 29 Krait ...... 37 PM10 ...... 25 Lamotrigine ...... 19 Pollution ...... 25 Lead...... 32 Polychlorinated biphenyls ...... 29 Lidocaine ...... 19 Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins ...... 29 Lipid emulsion therapy ...... 17 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ...... 29 Lithium ...... 22, 32 Polymorphisms ...... 16 Loperamide ...... 23 Polyurethane ...... 29 Management, general ...... 16 Potassium salts ...... 23 Manganese ...... 32 Propanil ...... 34 Marijuana ...... 21 Psychiatric aspects ...... 16 MDMA ...... 18 Pyrethroid insecticides, general ...... 35 MDPV ...... 22 Rasagiline ...... 22 Medication errors ...... 12 Reprotoxicity ...... 16 Mercury ...... 32 Rhododendron spp...... 36 Metals, general ...... 30 Risk assessment ...... 16 Methadone ...... 23 Scombroid ...... 36 Methamidophos ...... 35 Scorpions ...... 36 Methanol ...... 27 Sertraline ...... 24 Methotrexate ...... 22 Sevoflurane ...... 19 Methoxetamine ...... 22 Silica ...... 29 Methyl ethyl ketone ...... 28 Snake bites ...... 36 Methylene blue ...... 17 Solvents ...... 29 Methylphenidate ...... 22 Soman ...... 35 Methylphosphonic difluoride ...... 28 Spiders ...... 37 Methylthioninium chloride ...... 17 SSRIs...... 23 Microbicides ...... 22 Styrene ...... 29 Microorganisms ...... 36 Substance abuse ...... 24 Midazolam ...... 20 Suicide ...... 16 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ...... 22 Sumatriptan ...... 24 Morphine ...... 23 Superwarfarin ...... 19 Mushrooms ...... 36 Synthetic cannabinoids ...... 24 Mustard gas ...... 35 Tea tree oil ...... 29 Mycophenolate ...... 22 Tebuconazole ...... 34 Naloxone ...... 18 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ...... 29 Nanoparticles ...... 28 Tobacco ...... 29 Naphthalene ...... 28 Toluene ...... 30 Nephrotoxicity ...... 12 Toxicology, general ...... 8 Nerve agents ...... 35 Tribulus terrestris ...... 36 Neurotoxicity ...... 12 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ...... 19 New books ...... 8 Valproate ...... 19 Nickel ...... 33 Vitamin A ...... 24 Nicotine ...... 22 Vitamin E ...... 24 Nitrogen mustard ...... 35 Vitamins...... 24 NSAIDs ...... 22 Water pollution ...... 25 Occupational toxicology ...... 13 Waterproofing aerosols ...... 30 Ocular toxicity ...... 14 Welding fumes ...... 30 Ondansetron ...... 19

Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Poisons Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle

Units.

The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England