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2014‐2015 Plant Evaluaons

Lydia Abernethy Chaield Research Trial Garden Denver Botanic Gardens Chaield Farms

Ronda Koski Plant Environmental Research Center State University

December 2015 Table of Contents

Page Execuve Summary 1 Taxa Evaluated Alyssum markgrafii 2‐3 Helichysum flanaganii 4‐5 Incarvillea olgae 6‐7 angusfolia ‘Wee One' 8‐9 binervosum 10‐11 Limonium minutum 12‐13 Lindelofia longiflora 14‐15 Penstemon centranthifolius 16‐17 Salvia moorcroiana x indica 18‐19 scordiifolia 20‐21 Seseli elatum ssp. osseum 22‐23 Sorghastrum nutans 'Thin Man' 24‐25 Stachys dregeana 26‐27 Spa gigantea 'Lauren's Hardy' 28‐29 Teucrium hircanicum 30‐31 Trachelium jacquinii ssp. rumelianum 32‐33 Verbascum atroviolaceum 34‐35 Plant Survival 2014‐2015 36 Plant Growth 2015 37‐42 Results From 2015 Evaluaon Days at DBG and CSU 43

Execuve Summary

In June of 2014 of nineteen taxa were planted at Denver Botanic Gardens’ Chaield Farms (Lileton, CO) and Colorado State University’s Plant Environmental Research Center (Fort Collins, CO) for evaluaon for aributes desirable of plants in the Plant Select® Program. These taxa represented nineteen species, seventeen genera, and nine botanical families.

Within months of planng, staff at DBG dictated that all plants of ssp. begelovii ( paersonii) be removed from the evaluaon areas and destroyed.

The remaining eighteen taxa were le in the ground and evaluated the following spring for overwinter survival. One taxa, Salvia WINDWALKER® Coral Pink Salvia, and introducon from Timberline Gardens, had no plants surviving aer the winter of 2014‐2015. Another taxa, Spa gigantea UNDAUNTED® ‘Lauren’s Hardy’, had no plants surviving at CSU‐PERC aer the winter of 2014‐2015, however a few plants did survive at DBG‐Chaield Farms.

The remaining seventeen taxa where evaluated and periodically measured throughout the 2015 growing season. Of those seventeen taxa, three displayed aributes desirable of plants in the Plant Select® Program: Limonium minutum, Lavandula angusfolia ‘Wee One’ and Sorghastrum nutans ‘Thin Man’. Of the remaining fourteen taxa, specific plants of three of those taxa were selected and addional plants from these plants will be propagated during the fall and winter of 2015‐2016, and plants of these selecons will be planted in 2016 for evaluaon during 2016 and 2017. The species for which selecons were made are Scutellaria scordiifolia, Teucrium hircanicum, and Trachelium jacquinii ssp. rumelianum.

This report is a compilaon of the research data collected from the evaluaons at DBG‐Chaield Farms and CSU‐PERC.

Lydia Abernethy Ronda Koski

1 Alyssum markgrafii

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) *DBG‐Chaield ~ Mean Mean Mean Mean Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Plants severely damaged by grasshopper Height Width Height Width Dates

feeding (must be caged to prevent cm cm cm cm predaon). on Area (in) (in) (in) (in)

 Plant growth quite different compared to without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in plants at CSU‐PERC. in fl fl fl fl orescence orescence orescence orescence  Plants at DBG‐Chaield much smaller than those at CSU‐PERC.

8/NA 2/NA +CSU‐PERC ~ 06/20/15 NA NA DBG‐ (3.0/NA) (0.9/NA)  Mounds of fine‐texture foliage covered Chaield 25/NA 9/NA 09/28/15 NA NA with ny yellow flowers. (10.0/NA) (3.4/NA) 40/40 80/80  Plants cutback to within a few inches of 06/24/15 NA NA CSU‐ (15.7/15.7) (31.4/31.4) the ground in early July did not regrow. PERC 38/38 82/82 Dead Dead 09/10/15 (15.1/15.1) (32.4/32.4)  Plants die when cut back to ground in July.  New growth occurred in September in center of plants that were not cutback.

2 Alyssum markgrafii

Oct 10, 2014* Jul 7, 2015* Sep 28, 2015*

Are these even the k bac same species? ut t C No

k Aug 25, 2015+ ac tb Cu Sep 15, 2015+

May 28, 2015+ 3 Helichrysum flanaganii

Observaons: Plants NOT Plants Cutback Cutback *DBG‐Chaield ~ (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean Evalua  Beauful groundcover; striking while in Plant Plant Plant Plant bloom. Height Width Height Width Dates

 Foliage became chloroc and plants cm cm cm cm on Area tended to die in their centers. (in) (in) (in) (in)

without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl +CSU‐PERC ~ fl orescence orescence orescence orescence

 Plants form low mats of gray‐green foliage.  Foliage became chloroc and plants 4 / 20 13/NA NA NA 06/20/15 tended to die in their centers. DBG‐ (1.5/8.0) (5.0/NA) Chaield 41/ 41 76/NA NA  Plants cutback in early July did not 09/28/15 NA (16.0/16.0) (30.0/NA) rebloom. 7/18 55/55 06/24/15 NA NA (2.8/7.0) (21.6/21.6) CSU‐PERC 9/9 63/63 9/9 48/48 09/10/15 (3.5/3.5) (24.6/24.6) (3.7/3.7) (19.0/19.0)

4 Helichrysum flanaganii

Oct 10, 2014* Jun 11, 2015* Sep 28, 2015*

Jul 30 2015+

May 28, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ 5 Incarvillea olgae

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean *DBG‐Chaield ~ Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Beauful pink blooms and growth habit.

Dates Height Width Height Width

 Great hummingbird aractant! cm cm cm cm on Area  However, plants were inconsistent in size (in) (in) (in) (in) and amount of blooms. without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl fl orescence orescence orescence +CSU‐PERC ~ orescence

 Aracve pink flowers in mid‐July.  Most plants grow to be large plants with 77/ 101 NA/145 long branches that arch over when 07/22/15 NA NA DBG‐ (30.3/39.9) (57.0/57.0) weighted down with elongated fruits. Chaield 80/NA NA/168 09/28/15 NA NA  One plant did not produce fruits; this (31.4/NA) (66.2/66.2) 75/NA 68/68 06/24/15 NA NA was given to DBG for propagaon for CSU‐ (29.7/NA) (26.8/26.8) PERC 124/124 203/203 evaluaon in 2016. 09/10/15 NA NA (48.6/48.6) (79.8/79.8)

6 Incarvillea olgae

Oct 10, 2014* Jul 27, 2015* Sep 28, 2015*

Jul 30, 2015+

Oct 05, 2015+ Plant that produced no fruits

May 28, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ 7 Lavandula angusfolia ‘Wee One’

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean

*DBG‐Chaield ~ Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Slight size variaons due to watering Height Width Height Width Dates

differences as all are clones. cm cm cm Cm on Area  Blooms repeatedly aer deadheading; (in) (in) (in) (in) lovely smell! without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in  Great pollinator aractant! in fl fl fl fl orescence orescence orescence orescence  Plants form mounds about 30 cm tall

with abundant spikes of fragrant light purple flowers. 19/ 27 NA/28 07/22/15 NA NA DBG‐ (7.6/10.8) (11.2/11.2) +CSU‐PERC ~ Chaield 33/NA NA/41 09/28/15 NA NA  Not grown. (12.8/NA) (16.2/16.2) NA NA NA NA NA CSU‐ PERC NA NA NA NA NA

8 Lavandula angusfolia ‘Wee One’

Sep 28, 2015*

Oct 10, 2014*

Jul 27, 2015* 9

Observaons: Plants NOT Plants Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) *DBG‐Chaield ~ Mean Mean Mean Mean Evalua  Flowers appear from July through Plant Plant Plant Plant Height Width Height Width September. Dates

cm cm cm cm  Flower stalks lodge later in season. on Area (in) (in) (in) (in)

 Foliage browns at ps later in season.

without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl fl orescence orescence orescence +CSU‐PERC ~ orescence

 Aracve mound of foliage when not in bloom.

 Plants form mounds about 20 cm tall 7 / 30 17 / 21 07/22/15 NA NA with taller cymes of light purple flowers. DBG‐ (2.7/12.0) (6.6/8.3) Chaield 18/NA 12 / 42  09/28/15 NA NA Flower stalks on some plants became (7.1/NA) (4.6/16.7) 8/43 23/23 floppy. 06/24/15 NA NA CSU‐ (3.2/16.8) (9.0/9.0) PERC 9/41 20/20 09/10/15 NA NA (3.4/16.1) (7.8/7.8)

10 Limonium binervosum

Oct 10, 2014* Jul 27, 2015* Sep 25, 2015* Sep 28 2015*

May 28, 2015+ Jul 30, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ Sep 01 2015+ 11 Limonium minutum

Observaons: Plants NOT Plants Cutback Cutback *DBG‐Chaield ~ (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean Evalua  Gorgeous! Plant Plant Plant Plant  Compact form with beauful flowers. Height Width Height Width Dates

cm cm cm cm

 Possible Petes candidate. on Area (in) (in) (in) (in)

+CSU‐PERC ~ without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl  fl orescence orescence orescence Aracve mound of foliage when not in orescence

bloom.  Plants form mounds about 8 cm tall with ghtly clustered cymes of light purple 5/NA NA/13 07/22/15 NA NA flowers. DBG‐ (2.0/NA) (NA/5.0) Chaield 8/NA NA/15  Good candidate for Plant Select Petes 09/28/15 NA NA (3.0/NA) (NA/6.0) Program. 5/10 13/13 06/24/15 NA NA CSU‐ (2.1/3.8) (5.2/5.2) PERC 6/10 16/16 09/10/15 NA NA (2.4/3.9) (6.3/6.3)

12 Limonium minutum

Oct 10, 2014* Jul 27, 2015* Sep 28, 2015*

Aug 26, 2015+

May 28, 2015+ Jul 30, 2015+ 13 Lindelofia longiflora

Observaons: Plants NOT Plants Cutback Cutback *DBG‐Chaield ~ (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean  Evalua Foliage of plants damaged by Plant Plant Plant Plant grasshopper. Height Width Height Width Dates

 Leaf margins tended to brown and cm cm cm cm on Area become dry. (in) (in) (in) (in)

without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl +CSU‐PERC ~ fl orescence orescence orescence orescence

 Plants form mounds 30‐60 cm tall with aracve blue flowers in June.  Spent flowers followed by small spiny 34/NA 26/NA fruits that aached to . 07/22/15 NA NA DBG‐ (13.6/NA) (10.1/NA)  Plants cutback in early July did not Chaield 62/NA 60/NA 09/28/15 (24.3/NA) (23.8/NA) NA NA  rebloom; however cutback plants 48/73 82/82  produced mounds with aracve 06/24/15 NA NA CSU‐ (18.8/28.8) (32.3/32.3) foliage. PERC 48/48 101/101 44/44 90/90 09/10/15 (18.9/18.9) (39.8/39.8) (17.2/17.2) (35.4/35.4)

14 Lindelofia longiflora

Oct 10, 2014* Jun 04 2015* Sep 28, 2015*

May 28, 2015+ Jul 30, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ 15 Penstemon centranthifolius

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean *DBG‐Chaield ~ Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Great hummingbird aractant when in Height Width Height Width Dates

bloom! cm cm cm cm on Area  One plant did not flower this year. (in) (in) (in) (in)

 Should deadhead aer bloom. without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl  Wide variaon in shape and size. fl orescence orescence orescence orescence

+CSU‐PERC ~  Poor overwinter survival. 29 / 44 23 / 46  Aracve blue‐green foliage and orange‐ 07/22/15 NA NA DBG‐ (11.3/NA) (9.0/18.3) red tubular flowers in early June. Chaield 24/NA 17 / 39 09/28/15 NA NA  Plants cutback in early July did not (9.5/NA) (6.5/15.3) rebloom. 45/66 23/23 06/24/15 (17.8/25.8) (9.1/9.1) NA NA CSU‐ PERC 10/10 24/24 10/10 24/24 09/10/15 (3.9/3.9) (9.4/9.4) (3.9/3.9) (9.4/9.4)

16 Penstemon centranthifolius

Oct 10, 2014* Jun 11, 2015* Sep 28, 2015*

May 28, 2015+ Jul 30, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ 17 Salvia moorcroiana x indica

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback *DBG‐Chaield ~ (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015)

 Mean Mean Mean Mean

Great hummingbird aractant when in Evalua bloom! Plant Plant Plant Plant Height Width Height Width Dates

 Should deadhead aer bloom. cm cm cm cm on Area  No self‐seeding observed. (in) (in) (in) (in)

 Wide variaon in shape and size. without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl  Spent inflorescences look much fl orescence orescence orescence orescence

different compared to those of plants at CSU‐PERC. +CSU‐PERC ~ 20/102 29/93  Aracve gray‐green foliage and light 06/20/15 NA NA DBG‐ (8.0/40.0) (11.4/36.7) purple flowers. Chaield 41/89 59/85 09/28/15 (16.0/35.0) (23.4/33.3) NA NA  Plants cutback in early July did not NA/135 119/119 rebloom. 06/24/15 NA NA CSU‐ (NA/53.1) (46.7/46.7)  Spent inflorescences look much PERC 41/NA 82/82 41/41 90/90 different compared to those of plants at 09/10/15 (16.1/NA) (32.3/32.3) (16.3/16.3) (35.2/35.2) DBG‐Chaield.  Prolific self‐seeding observed; hundred of seedlings counted within 24”.

18 Salvia moorcroiana x indica

Oct 10, 2014* Jun 11, 2015* Sep 28, 2015*

k ac k tb bac u ut t C C No

May 28, 2015+ Jul 30, 2015+ Sep 01, 2015+ Sep 15, 2015+ 19 Scutellaria scordiifolia

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean

*DBG‐Chaield ~ Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Great pollinator aractant! Height Width Height Width  Dates Blooms repeatedly aer deadheading. cm cm cm cm on Area  Selecon made; all other plants (in) (in) (in) (in) removed. without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl fl orescence orescence orescence +CSU‐PERC ~ orescence

 Aracve green foliage.  Aracve purple flowers. 13/19 15/30  Long bloom me from mid‐June 07/22/15 NA NA through September. DBG‐ (5.0/7.4) (6.0/12.0) Chaield NA/44 13/46 09/28/15 NA NA  Plants cutback in early July rebloomed (NA/17.4) (5.0/18.0) through remainder of summer. 33/35 52/52 06/24/15 NA NA CSU‐ (13.1/13.6) (20.3/20.3) PERC 32/32 71/71 27/27 53/53 09/10/15 (12.7/12.7) (28.0/28.0) (10.6/10.6) (20.8/20.8)

20 Scutellaria scordiifolia

Oct 10, 2014* Jun 25, 2015* Sep 28, 2014*

k bac ut t C No

k ac tb Cu

May 28, 2015+ Jul 30, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ Oct 06, 2015+ 21 Seseli elatum ssp. osseum

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) *DBG‐Chaield ~ Mean Mean Mean Mean Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Great pollinator aractant! Height Width Height Width  Dates Should deadhead aer bloom. cm cm cm cm on Area  Flower stalks lodge and break. (in) (in) (in) (in)

 Possible prolific seeder. without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl fl orescence orescence orescence +CSU‐PERC ~ orescence

 Aracve airy green foliage and white inflorescences.  Aracve to large assortment of insects. 21/90 NA/85 07/22/15 (8.1/35.6) (NA/33.5) NA NA  Only a few of the plants cutback in early DBG‐ Chaield 32/141 NA/124 July rebloomed. 09/28/15 (12.4/55.6) (NA/49.0) NA NA  Most plants became tan in color aer NA/101 115/115 06/24/15 (NA/39.6) (45.1/45.1) NA NA blooming and produced prolific amount CSU‐ of seeds. PERC 108/108 123/123 25/25 27/27 09/10/15 (42.3/42.3) (48.3/48.3) (9.8/9.8) (10.5/10.5)

22 Seseli elatum ssp. osseum

Oct 10, 2014* Jul 27, 2015* Sep 28, 2015*

k bac ut t C No

k ac tb Cu

May 28, 2015+ Jul 30, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ Sep 01, 2015+ 23 Sorghastrum nutans ‘Thin Man’

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean *DBG‐Chaield ~ Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Plants uniform in shape and size. Height Width Height Width Dates

 Beauful orange seed heads. cm cm cm cm on Area (in) (in) (in) (in)

+CSU‐PERC ~ without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl  Aracve blue‐green foliage most of the fl orescence orescence orescence orescence

summer.  Bronze‐colored inflorescences in later summer. 86/NA 112/163 07/22/15 (33.9/NA) (44.1/64.2) NA NA DBG‐ Chaield 54/NA 53 / 81 09/28/15 (21.3/NA) (21.0/31.8) NA NA

88/NA 93/93 06/24/15 NA NA CSU‐ (34.6/NA) (36.5/36.5) PERC 174/174 94/94 09/10/15 (68.4/68.4) (37.1/37.1) NA NA

24 Sorghastrum nutans ‘Thin Man’

Oct 10, 2014* Sep 25, 2015*

May 28, 2015+ July 30, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ Sep 01, 2015+ 25 Stachys dregeana

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) *DBG‐Chaield ~ Mean Mean Mean Mean Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Plants inconsistent in shape, size, and Height Width Height Width Dates

foliage color. cm cm cm cm on Area  Foliage browns and curls later in season. (in) (in) (in) (in)

 Selecons could be made for preferred without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in plants. in fl fl fl fl orescence orescence orescence orescence +CSU‐PERC ~  Aracve bright green foliage with sparse spike‐like inflorescences of 20/25 NA/25 07/22/15 (7.8/9.8) (NA/9.8) NA NA purplish‐pink flowers. DBG‐ Chaield 25/NA NA/26  Plants cutback in early July did not 09/28/15 (10.0/NA) (NA/10.1) NA NA rebloom. 18/32 36/36 06/24/15 (7.1/12.5) (14.1/14.1) NA NA  Plants that were cutback formed low CSU‐ mounds of aracve bright‐green PERC 23/23 26/26 8/8 30/30 09/10/15 (9.2/9.2) (10.2/10.2) (3.1/3.1) (11.9/11.9) foliage.

26 Stachys dregeana

Oct 10, 2014* Jun 11, 2015* Jul 27, 2015* Sep 28, 2015*

k bac ut t C No k bac ut t C No

k ac tb Cu

k ac tb Cu

May 28, 2015+ Jul 30, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ Sep 15, 2015+ 27 Spa gigantea UNDAUNTED® ‘Lauren’s Hardy’

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean *DBG‐Chaield ~ Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Did not flower this year or last. Height Width Height Width Dates

cm cm cm cm on Area +CSU‐PERC ~ (in) (in) (in) (in)

 Plants did not survive winter of 2014‐ without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in in fl fl fl 2015. fl orescence orescence orescence orescence

25/NA 43/NA 06/20/15 NA NA DBG‐ (10.0/NA) (17.0/NA) Chaield 13/NA 61/NA 09/28/15 NA NA (5.0/NA) (24.0/NA)

CSU‐ 06/24/15 NA NA NA NA PERC 09/10/15 NA NA NA NA

28 Spa gigantea UNDAUNTED® ‘Lauren’s Hardy’

Oct 10, 2014*

Jun 11, 2015*

Sep 28, 2015*

29 Teucrium hircanicum

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback *DBG‐Chaield ~ (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015)  Great pollinator aractant! Mean Mean Mean Mean Evalua  Blooms repeatedly aer deadheading. Plant Plant Plant Plant Height Width Height Width  Selecons were made for connued Dates cm cm cm cm on Area  evaluaon. (in) (in) (in) (in)  Hundred of seedlings counted within without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in 24”; seedlings as far as 6’. in fl fl fl fl orescence orescence orescence +CSU‐PERC ~ orescence

 Aracve green foliage and reddish‐ purple flowers that are aracve to many species of pollinators. 43/51 37/41 06/20/15 NA NA  Plants bloomed throughout the DBG‐ (17.0/20.0) (14.5/16.0) Chaield 38/38 66/81 Summer and early Fall. 09/28/15 NA NA (15.0/15.0) (26.0/32.0)  Plants cutback in early July did 11/39 36/36 06/24/15 NA NA rebloom. CSU‐ (4.3/15.3) (14.0/14.0)  Much variaon in size among plants. PERC 47/47 74/74 45/45 69/69 09/10/15 (18.4/18.4) (29.3/29.3) (17.6/17.6) (27.0/27.0)  A selecon was made for connued evaluaon.  Self‐seeding was not observed.

30 Teucrium hircanicum

Oct 10, 2014* Jul 27, 2015* Sep 15, 2015+

k k bac bac ut ut t C t C No No

k ac tb Cu

k ac tb Cu

Cutback

May 28, 2015+ Jul 30, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ Sep 01, 2015+ 31 Trachelium jacquinii ssp. rumelianum

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback *DBG‐Chaield ~ (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015)  One plant, very small. Mean Mean Mean Mean Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Inflorescence of white flowers. Height Width Height Width  Dates Much more successful at CSU than DBG. cm cm cm cm on Area (in) (in) (in) (in) +CSU‐PERC ~ without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in  Aracve small mounds green foliage in fl fl fl fl orescence orescence orescence most of the summer. orescence

 Produced umbels of light‐purple flowers in later summer; these are aracve to many species of pollinators. NA 3/3 07/22/15 NA NA (1.0/1.3)  Weight of inflorescences causes plants to DBG‐ Chaield NA 6/20 10/07/15 NA NA become open in their centers. (2.5/7.8)  Plants became very unaracve aer 10/NA 17/17 06/24/15 (4.1/NA) (6.8/6.8) NA NA blooming. CSU‐ PERC 9/9 27/27 09/10/15 (3.4/3.4) (10.4/10.4) NA NA

32 Trachelium jacquinii ssp. rumelianum

Oct 10, 2014* Sep 28, 2015*

May 28, 2015+ Jul 30, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ 33 Verbascum atroviolaceum

Plants NOT Plants Observaons: Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) *DBG‐Chaield ~ Mean Mean Mean Mean Evalua Plant Plant Plant Plant  Should deadhead aer bloom. Height Width Height Width Dates

cm cm cm cm +CSU‐PERC ~ on Area (in) (in) (in) (in)

 Aracve flat rosees of dark‐green without/with without/with without/with without/with in in in foliage. in fl fl fl fl orescence orescence orescence orescence  Produced racemes of dark‐purple flowers in May and June.  Flowers are aracve to many species of pollinators. 5/49 NA/51 07/22/15 (1.9/19.1) (NA/20.2) NA NA  Some plants cutback in early July did DBG‐ Chaield 22/49 9/30 rebloom. 09/28/15 (8.8/19.1) (3.6/12.0) NA NA 8/47 38/38 06/24/15 (3.0/18.5) (14.8/ 14.8) NA NA CSU‐ PERC 3/42 13/13 4/17 15/15 09/10/15 (1.1/16.5) (5.1/5.1) (1.6/6.7) (5.8/5.8)

34 Verbascum atroviolaceum

Oct 10, 2014* Sep 25, 2015* Sep 28, 2015*

k

bac k ut ac C tb t Cu No

May 28, 2015+ Aug 26, 2015+ Sep 01, 2015+ 35 Plant Survival 2014‐2015 Colorado State University Denver Botanic Gardens Plant Environmental Chaield Farms Taxa Name Research Center Date Number Number Alive Date Number Number Alive Planted Planted (9/28/15) Planted Planted (9/10/15) Alyssum markgrafii 07/16/14 10 2 06/13/14 10 5 Helichysum flanaganii 07/16/14 10 10 06/13/14 20 18 Incarvillea olgae 07/16/14 8 7 06/13/14 20 20 Lavandula angusfolia ‘Wee One'* 07/16/14 5 5 NA 0 0 Limonium binervosum 07/16/14 8 7 06/13/14 20 14 Limonium minutum 07/16/14 9 1 06/13/14 10 9 Lindelofia longiflora 07/16/14 10 8 06/13/14 10 10 Penstemon centranthifolius 07/16/14 9 4 06/13/14 10 2 Salvia moorcroiana x indica 07/16/14 10 8 06/13/14 20 20 Scutellaria scordiifolia 07/16/14 9 1 06/13/14 18 14 Seseli elatum ssp. osseum 07/16/14 10 8 06/13/14 20 11 Sorghastrum nutans 'Thin Man' 07/16/14 10 10 06/13/14 12 12 Stachys dregeana 07/16/14 10 10 06/13/14 10 10 Spa gigantea UNDAUNTED® ‘Lauren’s Hardy’ 07/16/14 5 1 06/13/14 7 0 Teucrium hircanicum 07/16/14 10 2 06/13/14 17 9 Trachelium jacquinii ssp. rumelianum 07/16/14 10 10 06/13/14 20 16 Verbascum atroviolaceum 07/16/14 10 5 06/13/14 20 17

* Grown only at DBG‐Chaield due to security reasons

36 Plant Growth DBG‐Chaield CSU‐PERC Plants NOT Plants Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Dates Dates Height Width Height Width Height Width Taxa Name cm cm cm cm cm cm

(in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in)

infl infl infl infl infl infl without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence

8/NA 2/NA 40/40 80/80 06/20/15 06/24/15 NA NA Alyssum markgrafii (3.0/NA) (0.9/NA) (15.7/15.7) (31.4/31.4) 25/NA 9/NA 38/38 82/82 Dead Dead 09/28/15 09/10/15 (10.0/NA) (3.4/NA) (15.1/15.1) (32.4/32.4)

4 / 20 13/NA 7/18 55/55 06/20/15 06/24/15 NA NA (1.5/8.0) (5.0/NA) (2.8/7.0) (21.6/21.6) Helichrysum flanaganii 41/ 41 76/NA 9/9 63/63 9/9 48/48 09/28/15 09/10/15 (16.0/16.0) (30.0/NA) (3.5/3.5) (24.6/24.6) (3.7/3.7) (19.0/19.0)

77/ 101 NA/145 75/NA 68/68 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA (30.3/39.9) (57.0/57.0) (29.7/NA) (26.8/26.8) Incarvillea olgae 80/NA NA/168 124/124 203/203 09/28/15 09/10/15 NA NA (31.4/NA) (66.2/66.2) (48.6/48.6) (79.8/79.8)

37 Plant Growth DBG‐Chaield CSU‐PERC Plants NOT Plants Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Dates Dates Height Width Height Width Height Width Taxa Name cm cm cm cm cm cm

(in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in)

infl infl infl infl infl infl without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence

19/ 27 NA/28 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA NA NA Lavandula angusfolia (7.6/10.8) (11.2/11.2) ‘Wee One’ 33/NA NA/41 09/28/15 09/10/15 NA NA NA NA (12.8/NA) (16.2/16.2) 7 / 30 17 / 21 8/43 23/23 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA (2.7/12.0) (6.6/8.3) (3.2/16.8) (9.0/9.0) Limonium binervosum 18/NA 12 / 42 9/41 20/20 09/28/15 09/10/15 NA NA (7.1/NA) (4.6/16.7) (3.4/16.1) (7.8/7.8) 5/NA NA/13 5/10 13/13 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA (2.0/NA) (NA/5.0) (2.1/3.8) (5.2/5.2) Limonium minutum 8/NA NA/15 6/10 16/16 09/28/15 09/10/15 NA NA (3.0/NA) (NA/6.0) (2.4/3.9) (6.3/6.3)

38 Plant Growth DBG‐Chaield CSU‐PERC Plants NOT Plants Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Plant Plant Width Plant Plant Plant Plant Width Dates Dates Height cm Height Width Height cm Taxa Name cm (in) cm cm cm (in)

(in) (in) (in) (in)

infl infl infl infl infl infl without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence

34/NA 26/NA 48/73 82/82 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA (13.6/NA) (10.1/NA) (18.8/28.8) (32.3/32.3) Lindelofia longiflora 62/NA 60/NA 48/48 101/101 44/44 90/90 09/28/15 09/10/15 (24.3/NA) (23.8/NA) (18.9/18.9) (39.8/39.8) (17.2/17 (35.4/35.4)

29 / 44 23 / 46 45/66 23/23 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA (11.3/NA) (9.0/18.3) (17.8/25.8) (9.1/9.1) Penstemon centranthifolius 24/NA 17 / 39 10/10 24/24 10/10 24/24 09/28/15 09/10/15 (9.5/NA) (6.5/15.3) (3.9/3.9) (9.4/9.4) (3.9/3.9) (9.4/9.4)

20/102 29/93 NA/135 119/119 06/20/15 06/24/15 NA NA (8.0/40.0) (11.4/36.7) (NA/53.1) (46.7/46.7) Salvia moorcroiana x indica 41/89 59/85 41/NA 82/82 41/41 90/90 09/28/15 09/10/15 (16.0/35.0) (23.4/33.3) (16.1/NA) (32.3/32.3) (16.3/16 (35.2/35.2)

39 Plant Growth DBG‐Chaield CSU‐PERC Plants NOT Plants Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Dates Dates Height Width Height Width Height Width Taxa Name cm cm cm cm cm cm

(in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in)

infl infl infl infl infl infl without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence

13/19 15/30 33/35 52/52 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA (5.0/7.4) (6.0/12.0) (13.1/13.6) (20.3/20.3) Scutellaria scordiifolia NA/44 13/46 32/32 71/71 27/27 53/53 09/28/15 09/10/15 (NA/17.4) (5.0/18.0) (12.7/12.7) (28.0/28.0) (10.6/10 (20.8/20.8)

21/90 NA/85 NA/101 115/115 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA (8.1/35.6) (NA/33.5) (NA/39.6) (45.1/45.1) Seseli elatum ssp. osseum 32/141 NA/124 108/108 123/123 25/25 27/27 09/28/15 09/10/15 (12.4/55.6) (NA/49.0) (42.3/42.3) (48.3/48.3) (9.8/9.8) (10.5/10.5)

86/NA 112/163 07/22/15 06/24/15 88/NA 93/93 NA NA Sorghastrum nutans (33.9/NA) (44.1/64.2) ‘Thin Man’ 54/NA 53 / 81 09/28/15 09/10/15 174/174 94/94 NA NA (21.3/NA) (21.0/31.8)

40 Plant Growth DBG‐Chaield CSU‐PERC Plants NOT Plants Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Dates Dates Height Width Height Width Height Width Taxa Name cm cm cm cm cm cm

(in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in)

infl infl infl infl infl infl without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence

20/25 NA/25 18/32 36/36 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA (7.8/9.8) (NA/9.8) (7.1/12.5) (14.1/14.1) Stachys dregeana 25/NA NA/26 23/23 26/26 8/8 30/30 09/28/15 09/10/15 (10.0/NA) (NA/10.1) (9.2/9.2) (10.2/10.2) (3.1/3.1) (11.9/11.9)

25/NA 43/NA 06/20/15 06/24/15 NA NA NA NA Spa gigantea UNDAUNTED® (10.0/NA) (17.0/NA) ‘Lauren’s Hardy’ 13/NA 61/NA 09/28/15 09/10/15 NA NA NA NA (5.0/NA) (24.0/NA)

43/51 37/41 11/39 36/36 06/20/15 06/24/15 NA NA (17.0/20.0) (14.5/16.0) (4.3/15.3) (14.0/14.0) Teucrium hircanicum 38/38 66/81 47/47 74/74 45/45 69/69 09/28/15 09/10/15 (15.0/15.0) (26.0/32.0) (18.4/18.4) (29.3/29.3) (17.6/17 (27.0/27.0)

41 Plant Growth DBG‐Chaield CSU‐PERC Plants NOT Plants Cutback Cutback (July 7, 2015) (July 7, 2015) Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Plant Dates Dates Height Width Height Width Height Width Taxa Name cm cm cm cm cm cm

(in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in)

infl infl infl infl infl infl without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with without/with orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence orescence

NA 3/3 10/NA 17/17 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA Trachelium jacquinii ssp. (1.0/1.3) (4.1/NA) (6.8/6.8) rumelianum NA 6/20 9/9 27/27 10/07/15 09/10/15 NA NA (2.5/7.8) (3.4/3.4) (10.4/10.4)

5/49 NA/51 8/47 38/38 07/22/15 06/24/15 NA NA (1.9/19.1) (NA/20.2) (3.0/18.5) (14.8/ Verbascum atroviolaceum 22/49 9/30 3/42 13/13 4/17 15/15 09/28/15 09/10/15 (8.8/19.1) (3.6/12.0) (1.1/16.5) (5.1/5.1) (1.6/6.7) (5.8/5.8)

42 Results From 2015 Evaluaon Days at DBG and CSU

Evaluaon Area and Evaluaon Dates

Denver Botanic Gardens Colorado State University Ranking Chaield Farms Plant Environmental Research Center July 01, 2015 August 12, 2015 1 Helichrysum flanaganii Teucrium hircanicum

2 Scutellaria scordiifolia Scutellaria scordifolia

3 Lavandula angusfolia ‘Wee One’* Trachelium jacquinii

4 Stachys dregeana Limonium minutum

5 Salvia moorcroiana x indica Incarvillea olgae

6 Incarvillea olgae Limonium binervosum

7 Seseli elatum ssp. osseum Stachys dregeana

8 Teucrium hircanicum Seseli elatum ssp. osseum

9 Penstemon centranthifolius Lindelofia longiflora

10 Sorghastrum nutans ‘Thin Man’ Sorghastrum nutans ‘Thin Man’

* Grown only at DBG‐Chaield due to security reasons

43 44