St. Day Shopfront Study
A report to Kerrier District Council by The Cahill Partnership December 2001 Prepared for Kerrier District Council by
The Cahill Partnership conservation planning/historic buildings/research Tel: 01736 333659 Fax: 01736 333319 E-mail: [email protected]
7 Mennaye Road, Penzance, Cornwall, TR18 4NG
St. Day Shopfront Study
Contents 1 Introduction...... 2 1.1 Background ...... 2 1.2 Aims...... 2 1.3 Methodology ...... 2 2 Brief history of St. Day...... 3 3 Shops in St. Day’s history...... 4 4 The character of St. Day’s shops ...... 6 4.1 Historic...... 6 4.2 Current character...... 6 4.3 Current statistics (See Index) ...... 7 5 The Issues ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1 Introduction ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2 SWOT Analysis...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.1 Strengths ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.2 Weaknesses...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.3 Opportunities...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.4 Threats ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6A Strategy...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.1 Objectives...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.2 Actions ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.3 Summary of recommended actions for each shopfrontError! Bookmark not defined. 7Detailed Actions...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.1 Retain old shopfronts...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.2 Repair and maintain ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.3 Encourage re-use...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.4 Target key buildings...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.5 Change of use...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.6 Replacement of modern shopfronts...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.7 Wider regeneration framework...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.8 Grant schemes ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.9 Local authority role...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8 Design Guidelines...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.1 Shopfront design ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.2 Design guidelines...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 9 Useful Addresses ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 1: Location map of historic and surviving shopfronts in St. DayError! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 2: St. Day - historical shops audit ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 3: Surviving shopfronts in St. Day...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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collection, copies of which were kindly 1 Introduction lent by Eric Berry 1.1 Background • printed histories and maps and 19th and early 20th century trade directories This report was commissioned in April 2001 by Kerrier District Council in response to • archaeological and historical building data concerns within the local community, kept within the County Sites and expressed to the Council and at public Monuments Record managed by Cornwall meetings, over the apparent dereliction of Archaeological Unit. many of the surviving historic shopfronts in St. • a discussion and walk-about survey was Day. The District Council has already been undertaken with representatives of the St. promoting repair and maintenance in the town Day Historical Society and the Parish through a number of channels, including Council in August 2001. initiatives based on improving the housing stock, the poor state of which was revealed by The data gathered during this survey and a House condition Survey (1998) and a research phase was then used as the basis for residents’ survey of St. Day (2000). analysis of the surviving fabric, and for proposing a conservation strategy, polices and It supplements established regeneration proposals for St. Day. These have been initiatives in St. Day and the surrounding area informed by discussion with Andrew Richards, (The Mining Villages Project) and a Cornwall Kerrier District Council’s Conservation Industrial Settlements Initiative report Officer, and examination of the Local Plan and produced by The Cahill Partnership for statutory planing guidance, in particular Cornwall Archaeological Unit.* Planning Policy Guidance Note 15 ‘Planning 1.2 Aims and the Historic Environment’. The report has also been written with reference The report was commissioned to provide: to relevant policy, design and best practice • an analysis of the quality of surviving guidance produced by English Heritage, the shopfronts and whether they have a English Historic Towns Forum, national distinctive character amenity societies, a wide range of local authority-produced guides from across the • good and bad examples of conversion whole country, and an extensive surf through • suggestions how future uses, i.e. other Internet sources. than retail, might be accommodated Finally, a number of local, national and without compromising character European regeneration and funding initiatives In addition, we have suggested a conservation have been examined to explore some possible strategy, polices and other proposals for St. funding avenues to make practical progress on Day’s important legacy of historical shops and the ground. shopfronts. 1.3 Methodology * This is part of a county-wide programme, which attempts to record and analyse the conservation resources, character The detailed and specialised research for this and potential of some 120 industrial settlements in report follows on from the broad-based Cornwall. CISI was commissioned by a partnership of research and characterisation done for the CISI English Heritage, Cornwall County Council and the six project, and was carried out in July and August District Councils 2001. The research was based on: • fieldwork, during which every surviving shopfront and all known sites of former commercial premises were recorded (externally only)
• historical photographs and illustrations, based on Paddy Bradley’s extensive
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the (unrelated) Harveys of Hayle or the Fox 2 Brief history of St. Day family of Falmouth/Perranarworthal. A late medieval pilgrimage and market centre, At the same time there was a growth also serving a well-established local tin independent of the Harveys in a wide range of th th industry in the 16 - 17 centuries, St. Day had general, grocery, provisions and clothing shops th experienced decline by the early 18 century. in St. Day as well as specialists (like William With the growth of the ‘Copper Kingdom’ in Wilton's mathematical instrument works). Gwennap from about 1750 onwards, St. Day entered a period of growth as a market and The boom years, of the 1820s in particular, servicing centre. After setbacks in the saw most of St. Day’s buildings built, Napoleonic Wars period, the early 19th century especially those that still characterise the was a boom period, especially the 1820s-30s. central core – the Harveys built a large shop/counthouse, warehouses and stable yards, The town was not industrial in the sense that flour store, other shops and houses in and industries located here – although mines came around Fore Street, and their own large houses right up to the edge of the settlement, most and ornamental grounds at Carew House and miners lived in the surrounding hamlets. It was Cedars. In addition, the clock tower was built, shops, merchants and markets that dominated the new church and 3 new non-conformist the town, serving the surrounding, incredibly chapels were all built in 1827/8 and the rich, mining industry. This gave rise to an surviving or former inns and public houses are unusual number of commercial businesses and largely of this period. It is the surviving properties that survived to the First World elements of this great phase of building which War, although the population, wealth and established the character and appearance of St. activity in St. Day declined steadily from about Day throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, and 1870 onwards and today there is less provides the historic character and population than in 1841. topographical framework within which all Commercial activity has created the physical subsequent development has been set. The appearance and character of the core of the surviving historic shops and shopfronts are an settlement. The ancient chapel and market essential element of this crucial development place at the west end of Fore Street had been stage. superseded by the late 18th century by the new market at the street’s east end. At the same time as the last vestiges of the chapel and tower were pulled down (1797/8) a new covered market house was built with small cottages and shops built around it. The central role of the market in the town was symbolically marked by the building of the clock tower in 1821. Side-by-side with the new market stood the numerous buildings erected by the Harvey Brothers between 1805 and 1830 – their buildings dominated the town in the same way as their business dominated its trade and population. The Harveys’ huge fortune was not based, however, on the well-known shop/stores they operated in St. Day on the truck system in partnership with the Williams-owned mines, but on
their role as major suppliers to, and shareholders in, the vast mining activity around them. The scale of their property ownership and commercial premises puts them in the same standing as other major mine- related mercantile interests in Cornwall such as
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3 Shops in St. Day’s history Bakers 1 1 3 Beer seller 24 1 1 The best way to see the changing scale of Blacksmith 3 2 2 1 2 commerce and trade, its rise and fall in St. Day Bootmaker 43 113 1 th th is through snap-shots of the 19 and early 20 Brushmaker 1 century trade directories. Builder 11 Private residents, gentry, clergy and Butcher 3443 professional men, such as surgeons, mine Cabinet maker 11 agents, surveyors, poor law relieving officers, Carpenter 3211 tax officers etc. have been left off this list. Carrier 32 Their numbers followed the same broad trends Chairmaker 1 as that of the shops and trades listed in the Chemist 22211 adjoining table. Currier 1 Cycle/motor works 1 1 In the early 19th century, there were some 48 Draper 5243 businesses (many people doubling up on their Earthernware 2 trades, like the painter/glazier who also acted Fancy goods 1 as an auctioneer), including Collin and James Harvey’s mercantile business, 2 doctors, 2 Fried fish 1 chemists, several public houses, 2 Fruiterer 1 watchmakers/jewellers, ironmongers, grocers, Fustian cutter 1 blacksmiths, boot and shoe workers, and a General dealer 2 scientific instrument manufactory (William Greengrocer 2 Wilson and Son). There were markedly more Grocer 10 7 12 5 5 specialist shops than the surrounding villages, Hairdresser 211 although also markedly few ‘industrial’ Hatter 2 businesses. Clothing and shoe-making Ironmonger 112 businesses were a major feature, and not only Linen/Wool sales 1 supplied the workaday needs of the Lodging house 1 surrounding industrial areas but also served the Mason 4 1 predilection of miners’ wives and bal-maidens Merchant 1 2 in Cornwall for fine clothing - a feature often Milliner/ hatter 31 4 1 noted, and usually unfairly disparaged, by Outfitter 11 commentators. Painter/Glazier 11 3 1 By 1873 there had been an increase in the Plumber/Glazier 1 number of shops and small businesses, Post office 1 1 1 especially amongst grocers, drapers, milliners Printer 1 and bootmakers in the town, as well as a Saddler/Harness 1 1 1 general increase in the number of mine agents, Shopkeeper 28 3 8 8 surveyors, assay officers and other Stationer 32 professionals (including a town crier). This Tailor 45 1 was the peak period for all numbers of shops Taverns/ inns 5 6 5 3 2 and other business in St. Day, and may itself Teadealer 31 have been only a short boom linked to the Watchmaker 331 general recovery in mining in west Cornwall in TOTALS 48 59 83 49 33 1870-72. An 1859 directory additionally lists the following trades: - Coal merchant, Confectioner, Maltster, Toyshop.
By the late 19th century, migration, although Table 1 - Analysis of Trade depopulating the surrounding area, at least helped to maintain a certain level of income Directories, St. Day through money sent back by miners and engineers working overseas (remittance), and consequently the number of businesses and 183 1847 1873 1903 1930 The Cahill Partnership - St. Day Shopfront Study 4
shops in St. Day around 1900 was probably far in excess of what the local population would otherwise have needed. The importance of remittance to St. Day has not been studied in detail, but much contemporary anecdotal evidence, and some general modern studies, suggest that it played an abnormally important part in maintaining the town, and especially the clothing and luxury shops, also being invested in schools, chapels etc. But this process was badly affected by the Boer War and the First World War, the growth of a skilled population out in the global mining fields themselves and the depression of the 1920s/30s. In 1911 the population of St. Day and its hamlets was down to 2,031, scarcely more than it had been in 1801. By 1931 it had fallen to 1,803. The shops could no longer be supported by the local population, a change accelerated by greater mobility and access to larger towns (a bus service to Redruth began operating in 1910). In the 1870s trade directories there were some 90 shops and tradesmen in St. Day. In 1930 33, and by 1939 there were 25, and those were all of a relatively standard type – grocers, butchers, bakers. There was none of the hatters, milliners, drapers, boot and shoemakers, mine surveyors and mathematical instrument makers etc. found in the previous century. Since 1946, St. Day’s function as a shopping and service centre has continued to decline, the settlement is now almost entirely a residential village.
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Historical photographs show just how 4 The character of St. imposing and dominant these shopfronts could be; many of the shops were very impressive Day’s shops and ornate, the best having free-standing colonnaded frontages projecting over the 4.1 Historical character pavement. There are 54 identifiable shops revealed in the available evidence (maps/texts/ 4.2 Current character photographs/personal memoirs etc.), but there Almost without exception, all the historical have probably been in excess of that number in and surviving shopfronts in St. Day were of total (not including the 3 or 4 known to have well-wrought timberwork. In this they contrast existed at Vogue). There were in addition with neighbouring centres like Redruth or many other commercial, trading or small-scale Camborne, where the shops were more often workshops or industrial buildings (private of stone or stucco decorated in imitation of offices, 5 pubs, smithies, joiners’ workshops, stone – the only example in St. Day being the boot manufacturer, brickworks, mathematical simple rendered fascia sign (Hockey) to West instrument makers, slaughterhouse, End House [54]. warehouses and stable yards etc.). This high quality of early 19th century joinery Many of these businesses would have had little work in the town is reflected not only in the effect on the outside appearance of the fortunate and very symbolic survival of a buildings or the street scene – William carpenter/joiners works, but also in the good Wilton’s premises and the former Market Inn quality of joinery work on some of the next door to it in Church Street look now as contemporary domestic buildings in St. Day they always did just like simple cottage fronts. (for instance at 1 & 2 West End, or Vogue There are several instances in St. Day of a type Terrace). of shop front fairly common in west Cornwall, so-called ‘parlour shops’ where, rather than an The majority of surviving historic shopfronts attached timber shopfront, an enlarged, but still are not of the grand, highly ornamented type domestic-looking window, in the ground was typical of the late 19th/early 20th centres. These used as the shopfront – number 11 Church were always more expensive to maintain and Street is a good example. were generally attached to larger shop units, of the sort that were no longer required to serve The commercial buildings and workshops are the much reduced local demand by the mid only indirectly relevant to a study of 20th century. shopfronts, but they do represent an important type of building in their own right (2 are listed This has led to one of the most distinctive in St. Day as buildings of special architectural features of St. Day’s surviving shops - what and historic importance) and are an important survives is an unusually high proportion of the part of the historical character of the town. earlier, smaller shopfronts, including many that may be late 18th /early 19th century in date, in Most of the commercial businesses in St. Day did, however, rely on shops and shopfronts in which to present and sell their goods and services. To contemporary visitors, apart from contrast to most other local centres like the church and chapels, St. Day seemed Redruth or Chacewater, where mid-late 19th entirely given over to shops and commerce, and early 20th century shopfronts are more serving the surrounding mining district. The characteristic. scale and quality of the local shops were also reflected in the scale and quality of some of the The dependence on local joinery skills led to a houses and gardens in St. Day. The trade of the number of recognisably distinctive local town included some details, such as: • moulded details (mullions, pilasters, cills etc.) unusual specialist and high quality shops, and • a preponderance of narrow fascias with produced an elegant, high quality environment deeply projecting cornices [6][9][23][27] throughout the town. This was, in the jargon of etc. modern planning guidance, the special • architectural and historic interest of the the use of diamond-pattern glazing (often settlement, and had been since the mid 18th with coloured glass) in the upper parts of century, if not long before. shop windows (the transom lights) - a
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surviving example is the Old Post Office [25] • use of projecting bays [3][16][21] Despite major losses to historic shopfronts in St. Day, therefore, it still retains an important, and locally very distinctive, character, based on its history and surviving historic fabric. The sheer number of shops that once existed in St. Day, and to some extent survive, is unusual in a settlement of this size. 4.3 Current statistics (See Index) • 54 recorded sites (probably plus a number of so-far unidentified ‘parlour shops’) • 25 recognisable shopfronts (not all historic, some scarcely more than boarded-up openings) • of these, 14 are historical shopfronts, plus a number of ‘parlour shops’, e.g. no. 11 Church Street is a good example • 20 shopfronts still recognisably complete and capable of almost immediate re-use • 8 premises are in use as working shops or commercial premises • 7 are vacant, boarded-up or appear from the street to be in some degree underuse
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• Fore Street and its environs contain a 5 The Issues unique collection of commercial and mercantile buildings, imposing, attractive 5.1 Introduction and set in a good streetscape with one of The central and critical place that St. Day’s the best collections of historical paving shops hold in defining the special historic and surfacing materials in Cornwall, character of the town and its conservation area reflecting its historic role as a market must be fully recognised. The historic shops centre and shopfronts of St. Day are a significant part • very attractive residential area - many of the cultural heritage of the area, attractive residential streets, full of irreplaceable elements in the history and gardens, trees and well-looked after memories of the community. houses (Telegraph Street, Forth an Eglos) They not only contribute to, but are essential to and historic buildings the valuable and vulnerable sense of local • easy access through often beautiful paths distinctiveness and to the special architectural into open countryside and historic interest of the conservation area. • views and vistas both in and out of the It has already been recognised by the town add to the attractive picture and a community and the local authority that there is sense of discovery, as does an a problem with the condition and under-use of understanding of the complex history of shops and shopfronts in St. Day. St. Day Restoring and maintaining the historic shops • low property values attract buyers and shopfronts in St. Day will not only bring cultural benefits; bringing underused buildings 5.2.2 Weaknesses back into full use will also result in visual • benefit and would be a major source of low property values conversely make for regeneration - decaying buildings are a wasted poor investment potential and indicate asset, and no one enjoys living with marginal economic activity dereliction. • low income base for restoration, or for Historic buildings also represent a significant match-funding for grant aid investment in resources and embodied energy • sources of employment within St. Day are which we cannot afford to lose. The repair and negligible reuse of these buildings makes a significant contribution to the wider objectives of • opportunities for greatly expanding the environmental conservation and sustainability. size of the village (currently about 1700 population) are limited by its rural setting, To achieve this will require more than simply poor road access and limited drainage treating the problem as one of repairing system capacity decaying fabric. There needs to be an integrated approach. Much has already been • central area typified by ‘hard’ enclosed achieved, of course, with the excellent Mining streetscape, poor modern shopfronts, Villages Project, which is set to continue and boarded up older shopfronts, poorly to expand. Integrating the special issue of St. maintained buildings and the dominant Day’s shops into this wider programme would presence of parked vehicles be the most obvious and desirable first step. The following broad SWOT analysis considers some of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in St. Day in particular relation to its shopfront heritage. • there appears to be a lack of public facilities with little open or green space or usable public spaces 5.2 SWOT Analysis 5.2.3 Opportunities • limited expansion and infill of housing in 5.2.1 Strengths and around the village • good range of community facilities – • shops, doctor, school, sports centre, upgrading of existing housing stock church/chapels, community centre
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• provision of communal facilities (such as the recently completed and excellent sports ground facilities) • promotion and interpretation of industrial and other elements of the heritage of the town and area • heritage-led regeneration schemes involving a relatively high level of grant aid and public funding • Initiatives to make the best use of those special features of the town that survive to create a sense of place and local distinctiveness, perhaps especially the stock of unused or underused shops
5.2.4 Threats • these are most likely to result from failure of development, and even regeneration schemes, to recognise or refer to St. Day’s special and locally distinctive character. uncoordinated, small-scale and piecemeal proposals could seriously affect the historic character and current quality of environment • public schemes, such as market square, have sometimes not quite succeeded with such issues as historic paving, public v. private conflict • demolition - there has been a curiously large amount of loss of historic fabric in St. Day. shopfronts have vanished by the dozen, in some ways the greatest loss, since it is difficult now to get an idea on the ground of the great numbers, high quality and sheer size of some of the shopfronts seen in old photographs
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based on historic evidence or with 6 A Strategy appropriately and well-detailed modern shopfronts. 6.1 Introduction 7. Integrate shopfront scheme into a wider A strategy for regeneration should be based on framework of regeneration measures the identification of new economic roles, or the intensification of existing ones. Such a strategy 8. Establish and promote grant schemes and should be both achievable and compatible with investment initiatives to repair and re-use the conservation of the area’s historic fabric, vacant buildings. the inherent quality of which will often be a 9. Local authority to effectively exercise major asset in attracting new investment. statutory controls as well as enabling role. Halifax, and other major centres, have made reinvestment in shops a major basis of their Table 2 - Summary of recommended regeneration strategies. This will not work by actions for each shopfront itself in St. Day, but in conjunction with other measures might reverse visual decline and be a Index Address Suggested platform to attracting other schemes and no. Actions resources. [1] 2, Chapel Street 2,4 6.2 Objectives [6] 9, Church Street 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9 [9] 3, Church Street 1,2,3 • Increase economic activity and reduce vacant premises numbers [11] 10, Church Street 6 • Encourage greater investment in repair [12] 12, Church Street 6 and maintenance of buildings [16] Berlewen, Fore Street 1,2,3 • Improve environment so St. Day is [17] Fore Street 5,7 perceived as an historic location of high [18] Fore Street 5,7 quality and local distinctiveness [19] Pebbles, Fore Street 3,4,5,7,8,9 • Raise volume of visits and spending by [20] Spar, Fore Street 4,6, local resident and visitors [21] Post Office, Fore Street 4,6 • Encourage use of traditional and local [22] Gull House, Fore Street 1,2,4 materials, and foster traditional and locally based craft skills (e.g. in quality joinery [23] Adj. St. Day Inn, Fore Street 1,3,4,5 work) [25] Old Post Office, Fore Street 1 6.3 Actions [27] 5, Fore Street 1,2,4 [28] 5a, Fore Street 1,2,4 1. Retain old shopfronts of merit as a fundamental principle. [32] 1, Scorrier Street 1,2,3,4,8 2. Repair and maintain the existing stock of [42] 38, Scorrier Street 6 historic shopfronts in St. Day. [43] 32, Scorrier Street 1,2,3,5,7,8 3. Encourage the re-use of historic [48] 2, Scorrier Street 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 shopfronts in St. Day by promoting their [51] 3, Telegraph Street 1,2,4 suitability for a variety of new uses. [52] 1, Telegraph Street 1,2,4 4. Target key buildings and reinstate missing [54] West End House, West End 1,2 elements of shopfronts as part of townscape and streetscape improvements. 5. Ensure the most appropriate schemes when change of use and/or loss of existing shopfronts become inevitable.
6. Encourage the replacement of inappropriate modern shopfronts with either traditionally detailed shopfronts
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They will need to show ‘the extent to 7 Detailed Actions which the proposed works would bring Work to a shopfront may require planning substantial benefits for the community, in permission, listed building consent or particular by contributing to the economic conservation area consent or building regeneration of the area or the regulations approval, depending on the enhancement of its environment’ – circumstances. This may be so of complete [PPG15, 3.5 (iv)]. removal, alteration, restoration or even (in the • the destruction of historic buildings is case of listed buildings) renovation of an ….very seldom necessary for reasons of existing shopfront. Consult with the local good planning, more often it is the result authority in all cases beforehand. of neglect or the failure to make In the case of repairs, installation of new imaginative efforts to find new uses for shopfronts and renovation of existing, you them…..’ [PPG15, 3.16]. should refer to the Kerrier Shopfront Guide Apply to: and the local authority conservation officer. [6] 9, Church Street Any alterations, including quite minor ones, will need to be consistent with the age and [9] 3, Church Street style of the building, its neighbours and the [16] Berlewen, Fore Street conservation area. [22] Gull House, Fore Street [23] Adj. to St. Day Inn, Fore Street 7.1 Retain old shopfronts of merit [25] Old Post Office, Fore Street as a fundamental principle. [27] 5, Fore Street [28] 5a, Fore Street Wherever old shopfronts of merit survive every effort should be made to retain them in [32] 1, Scorrier Street their entirety, because: [43] 32, Scorrier Street [51] 3, Telegraph Street • they give a strong sense of place, [52] 1, Telegraph Street landmarks of local history and life [54] West End House, West End suggesting continuity and stability in the changing streetscene: they represent the familiar and cherished local scene • they are a reservoir and showcase of 7.2 Repair and maintain the locally traditional materials, details and existing stock of historic shopfronts in skills St. Day. • this applies to preserving details as well as • Regular maintenance and repair are the whole shopfronts - it is virtually keys to the preservation of historic impossible to find a contemporary buildings. Modest expenditure on repairs building with the depth of interest, in keeps a building weathertight, and routine terms of materials and craftsmanship, to maintenance can prevent much more be found in such historic buildings expensive work becoming necessary at a later date • appearances can be deceptive; a run-down and vacant building may look so parlous • Repairs should usually be low-key, and as to completely obscure its possibilities, new work should be fitted to the old to but there is often a ‘credibility gap’ ensure the survival of as much historic between this appearance and what is fabric as is practical. Old work actually possible - the most alarming defects can sometimes turn out to be easily remedied should not be sacrificed merely to accommodate the new. • Policies and guidance on repair of historic • when the buildings are listed or in some buildings can be found in a number of other way make a positive contribution to comprehensive guides, e.g.:– the character of the conservation area (as do all the surviving historic shopfronts in – Buildings At Risk – A new St. Day), applications to remove or alter Strategy, English Heritage, 1998 them will have to be carefully justified.
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– The Repair of Historic Buildings [6] 9, Church Street – Advice on principles and [9] 3, Church Street Methods, English Heritage, 1995 [16] Berlewen, Fore Street – guides produced by English Heritage, The Society for [22] Gull House, Fore Street Protection of Ancient Buildings, [27] 5, Fore Street The Georgian Group, The Victorian Society etc. [28] 5a, Fore Street – Kerrier Shopfronts and Signs, [32] 1, Scorrier Street Kerrier District Council, 2001 [43] 32, Scorrier Street – architectural and Surveyors’ practices are experienced in [51] 3, Telegraph Street establishing and supervising [52] 1, Telegraph Street regular planned maintenance programmes – the Church Of [54] West End House, West End England’s Quinquennial inspection system is one of the most universally applied and successful, and could be easily 7.3 Encourage the re-use of historic adapted to a wide range of shopfronts in St. Day by promoting buildings. their suitability for a variety of new • The local authority has a role to play: uses. – in giving general planning and ‘Each historic building has its own conservation advice characteristics which are usually related to an original or subsequent function. These should – in the exercise of statutory as far as possible be respected when proposals controls (see below); much is for alterations are put forward….Local summarised in Environment planning authorities should attempt to retain Circular 02/98 – prevention of the characteristics of distinct types of building, Dereliction through the Planning especially those that are particular to their Process area.’ [PPG15, Annex C2]. – investigate new ways of sponsoring maintenance rather than crisis management of often wasteful and destructive capital repairs programmes, through • the best way of securing historic buildings advice and grant aid programmes is to keep them in use, new or continuing or uses will often entail some alteration or adaptation, so that range of acceptable uses is a consideration partnership agreements or direct • judging best use is difficult, it requires labour. Legislation allows for grant balancing the economic viability of aid for maintenance; in other possible uses against the effect of any countries (such as the Netherlands) changes they entail in the special teams of trained maintenance workers architectural and historic interest of the visit historic properties once or twice building or area in question and it is a year to do basic chores such as necessary to asses the elements that make cleaning gutters and downpipes, up special character (decorative facade, fixing missing slates and tiles, internal features, layout, archaeological or replacing perished lead or zinc in the technological interest) valley gutters and inspecting the roof • voids for outbreaks of rot and in principle the aim should be to identify woodworm. the optimum viable use that is compatible with the fabric, interior, and setting of the Apply to: historic building [1] 2, Chapel Street
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• the best use will very often be the use for made for creating a facsimile shopfront, since which the building was originally it would in many ways lift the whole of Fore designed and the continuation or Street and create some element of that sense of reinstatement of that use should certainly place as the commercial heart of the town be the first option when the future of a which is otherwise still on the decline, with the building is considered ongoing conversion of former shopfronts still running riot in St. Day and in Fore Street in • achieving proper balance can be done if particular. reasonable flexibility and imagination are shown by all parties and local authorities Apply to: apply planning/building control legislation [1] 2, Chapel Street flexibly, or if an applicant is willing to [6] 9, Church Street exploit unorthodox spaces rather than set a standardised requirement. –building [19] Pebbles, Fore Street regulations, fire safety and disabled [20] Spar, Fore Street access provision should be enforced sympathetically to the requirements of the [21] Post Office, Fore Street historic fabric [22] Gull House, Fore Street [23] Adj. to St. Day Inn, Fore Street Apply to: [6] 9, Church Street [27] 5, Fore Street [9] 3, Church Street [16] Berlewen, Fore Street [28] 5a, Fore Street [19] Pebbles, Fore Street [32] 1, Scorrier Street [48] 2, Scorrier Street [51] 3, Telegraph Street [23] Adj. to St. Day Inn, Fore Street [52] 1, Telegraph Street [32] 1, Scorrier Street 7.5 Ensure the most appropriate [43] 32, Scorrier Street schemes when change of use and/or [48] 2, Scorrier Street loss of existing shopfronts become inevitable. There is very little available guidance on how 7.4 Target key buildings and to deal with redundant shopfronts, either from reinstate missing elements of statutory bodies, Cornish local authorities, or shopfronts as part of townscape and indeed nationally. Virtually all published shopfront guides deal with repairs, alterations streetscape improvements. or designs of new shopfronts, not why or how Restoration/enhancement schemes should to keep redundant shopfronts beyond general locate and focus on some of the important statements, typical of which is this from focal points – the closing buildings to vistas, as Birmingham City Council ‘consideration must along Fore Street’; the buildings around focal be given whether a shop-like appearance points like the old market cross; shopfronts should be retained, or whether an appropriate should be restored or improved where they and sympathetic alternative design solution is have this extra townscape character. possible. The general presumption will be in favour of retaining the shopfront where It is important to preserve the best surviving possible’. examples of the shopfronts themselves, not only as quality artefacts in their own right, but Even initiatives like Living Over The Shop as a vital element of St. Day’s history. In (LOTS) are more concerned with using some cases, restoration of a lost shopfront underused parts of existing commercial could have considerable visual benefits for the premises rather than preserving unused whole centre. Number 2 Scorrier Street facing shopfronts. down Fore Street, for instance, is so important It is necessary, therefore, to go back to basic to the streetscape that a good case could be principals, and particularly the statutory
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guidance produced by the Government (PPG 7.6 Encourage the replacement of 15), as well as such guides as Conservation inappropriate modern shopfronts with Area Practice, produced by English Heritage. These suggest the following broad principles: either traditionally detailed shopfronts based on historical evidence or with • changes of use generally will be appropriately and well-detailed modern permitted where they are consistent with maintaining the shopfronts. viability and historic character or The designs and appearance of shopfronts and appearance of the area of their projecting blinds can have particular impact and should be related to the character • but proposals must take account of the building and to their location of the significance of the building ….Unsympathetically designed shopfronts are type, and give substantial weight likely to detract from the appearance of areas to this in
of character. The use of standardised company St. Day because of the type shopfronts with large areas of plate glass, importance of shops to the town. plastic, metallic or tile finishes are unlikely to • retention of old buildings should harmonise with their surroundings and would not be a slavish exercise in certainly be unacceptable on listed buildings preservation for its own sake – or within areas of character and visual those with architectural quality in amenity. Kerrier Local Plan, p. 87 the facades should be adapted; • Extensive guidance on the principles of where replacements must be shopfront design are to be found in the made, they should be carried out Kerrier Shopfronts and Signs, Kerrier in harmony with the rest of the District Council, 2001, to which reference building should always be made. • don’t overlook the contribution • This suggested programme should be buildings make to their integrated with the concentration on neighbours, a group or the targeting key buildings and streetscape streetscape, the building’s setting elements as outlined in 7.4 above. and its contribution to the local scene where it shares particular architectural forms or details with Apply to: other buildings nearby [11] 10, Church Street See also section 8 below on design guidelines [12] 12, Church Street Apply to: [20] Spar, Fore Street [6] 9, Church Street [21] Post Office, Fore Street [17] Fore Street [42] 38, Scorrier Street [18] Fore Street [48] 2, Scorrier Street [19] Pebbles, Fore Street 7.7 Integrate shopfront scheme into [23] Adj. to St. Day Inn, Fore Street a wider framework of regeneration [43] 32, Scorrier Street measures [48] 2, Scorrier Street There are many existing initiatives which may be relevant, whether national, regional or local: • The government is currently vigorously promoting and pursuing rural regeneration. The Countryside agency in particular has been actively promoting a new strategy – to deal with the following pressures and issues: – environment
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– quality of life, including closure of pubs/shops/local services – challenges to enterprise and 7.8 Establish and promote grant business: transport, market towns schemes and investment initiatives to and employment, new technology (the ITC repair and re-use vacant buildings. • the local authority is best placed to co- ordinate, through conservation/ planning, economic development and housing revolution is lagging behind in sections, a complex package of grants the countryside) such as is likely to be required; there is a • economic regeneration, small businesses, well-established experience at Kerrier rural development etc. should all be District Council at putting together considered in addition to buildings-based sources of funding for heritage-based regeneration schemes, e.g. Mining regeneration packages, which could bring Villages, Kerrier Empty homes schemes, in funding from some surprising quarters – Vital Villages programme (Countryside especially those funds managed by the Agency) Countryside Agency • the impact of traffic management, • there is a wide range of funding sources environmental enhancement schemes and that will tackle specific parts of the sort of allocation for car parking will have to be measures that may be appropriate in St. examined Day. A sensible time-scale must be programmed to co-ordinate such a • positively targeting local businesses or package – the regeneration package for those making enquiries in the area and Bodmin for instance took 3 years to get to encouraging them to relocate to St. Day by implementation stage, a not uncommon means of financial, administrative or time-scale planning concessions should be pursued, perhaps by co-ordination with • as has already been suggested (7.2), there organisations and agencies outside both is a need to look at different ways of the District and Cornwall (SWERDA, funding, especially those that will provide small business confederations, etc.) revenue funds, both to make new business viable, and for a new approach to • this report is based on an area-based maintenance grants Buildings At Risk style survey - this will need to be followed by a more detailed • the best overall source for information on assessment of the major structural and heritage grant aid schemes is Funds for external elements of some or all of the Historic Buildings in England and Wales - buildings concerned to provide a realistic A Directory of Sources, Published by the indication of the level of expenditure Architectural Heritage Fund. The 2000 necessary to bring the physical fabric back edition costs £24.50 or £17.50 for into good repair. This will supplement the registered charities (including postage and existing 1998 Housing Condition survey packing: Architectural Heritage Fund, and 2000 St. Day Residents’ Survey Clareville House, 26/27 Oxendon Street, London SW1Y 4EL) Apply to: The most likely fund schemes to be relevant [6] 9, Church Street are: • [17] Fore Street public/governmental grant aid [18] Fore Street – County, District and Parish Council funding [19] Pebbles, Fore Street [43] 32, Scorrier Street [48] 2, Scorrier Street – (those for historic buildings and areas under section 57 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990
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allow for grants or loans for both – Kerrier District Council has repair and maintenance already implemented this type of scheme in the District. – housing improvement grants – building on existing House • Townscape Heritage Initiative Schemes Condition Surveys (1998) and (Heritage Lottery Fund) promotion of repair schemes in St. Day – aims to make possible the continued viable use of the – regional government sources buildings that make up the (SWERDA) special architectural character of historic urban areas, especially • Objective One those that play a key role in This programme can fund not only defining the character of a physical fabric, but also small conservation area or are focal business, especially encouraging rural points within such an area business /diversification (businesses – includes reinstatement of historic as well as farms)/ conversion of features vacant/redundant buildings etc. for special uses – will also fund general townscape enhancements • Mining Villages – Kerrier District Council has – an existing local partnership already implemented this type of scheme that actually combines scheme in the District many of the above sources of funding • Building Preservation Trusts – integrated into an Objective 1 – Quite a number of endangered package promoting local buildings have been saved by distinctiveness, this scheme has local people who have set up a already led to property grants building preservation trust, schemes acquired the building, restored it • and sometimes resold it. Such Heritage Economic Regeneration schemes trusts can obtain special low (English Heritage) interest loans from the – HERS concentrates on Architectural Heritage Fund, and neighbourhood businesses, high grants from the Heritage Lottery streets and corner shops - Fund and English Heritage. There employment-generating activities may already a local trust in which form the focus for existence. community life and prosperity, and where area-based assistance with building repairs and enhancement will help to – The AHF now also offers a range maintain local employment, of other financial packages to provide new homes and help BPTs, such as feasibility encourage inward investment study grants. • LOTS – it is estimated by the Living Over – buildings particularly eligible for the Shop Project (a national assistance are: significant groups programme based in York) that at of Grade II buildings in least half a million and possibly conservation areas, unlisted up to one million new homes buildings in conservation areas could be created in empty or which make a major contribution underused upper floors above or to local character and provide behind shops. This townscape focus for local accommodation suits the smaller communities one or two person households that make up the bulk of the predicted extra 4 million homes
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day Shopfront Study 16
needed by 2016 and is located by such as community its very nature in the centre of shops, local childcare settlements, reducing reliance on provision etc. road transport. Bringing people - locating new services back into the centre of St. Day into existing premises, would help to sustain shops and such as putting a village schools and other services shop into a public house, – the opportunities for such a providing space for child scheme may be limited in St. Day care (where the shops themselves a re - the installation and more often the underused or set-up costs of ICT based vacant element), but Kerrier has services, such as a cash experience elsewhere of machine into a village successful LOTS schemes, and it hall may be appropriate to some extent - helping independent retail enterprises which • Local Heritage Initiative (Countryside provide a service to local Agency) people, such as existing – This is less applicable to village shops, pubs and straightforward building repair garages to upgrade, (although this can form part of wider scheme)
– It is more concerned with the modernise or expand to interpretation/ promotion of enhance their viability awareness of local heritage and and meet local needs plans to investigate explain or care for it. This could be a useful - business advice for adjunct to the Mining Villages shops, pubs and garages Project and the interpretation on a range of issues centre - advice and training for communities in support of all the above such as IT, bookkeeping etc. at the old Holy Trinity Church to develop detailed study and - alteration/extension of interpretation of St. Day’s unique village halls or other trading and commercial history. community buildings • where this provides a Vital Villages new or extended service – there are 38 Rural Community to the community Councils (RCC) in England, which - To increase the provide a wide range of support and viability of rural services, help to local people living in rural whether commercially or areas. They also provide services community run. through agreement with the Countryside Agency, including help - To encourage for those communities wishing to innovative solutions to apply for grant aid under the new the delivery of services, Vital Villages grant scheme for example through the sharing of facilities by – the scheme will fund capital, one-off service providers, costs and initial revenue support, where needed but not longer term - the use of IT, or by the revenue costs. The sorts of projects community running which are eligible for grant aid services, especially include: where this sustains services that would - establishing services otherwise fold. run by the community,
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• Mortgages [48] 2, Scorrier Street • the number of mortgages available for empty and dilapidated buildings has doubled in the last year. But that only 7.9 Local authority to effectively appears to bring the grand total exercise statutory controls as well as up to two: enabling role. • the Ecology Building Society The success of any strategy depends entirely will lend money on derelict but on the local community agreeing and adopting sound houses:- these proposals, while the local authority must play a continuing role in enabling action by: • regular monitoring to identify vulnerable 18 Station Road, Cross Hills, buildings before they become at risk by Near Keighley, West means of simple, regularly updated condition surveys Yorkshire BD20 7EH • establishing links with and maintaining 0845 674 5566 (local rate) effective partnerships between local http://www.ecology.co.uk/ authority and owners, local community, amenity societies, Mining Villages Project • Norwich and Peterborough etc. Building Society offers the Brown Mortgage for buildings • prioritising action which need to be repaired:- • establishing grant schemes to underwrite a Principal Office: Peterborough significant proportion of irrecoverable Business Park, Lynch Wood, costs; programme of grant aided works to Peterborough PE2 6WZ repair and re-use vacant buildings 01733 372372 • produce detailed technical step by step guide to re-use/conversion/repair (there http://www.norwichandpeterboro have already been moves to publicise ugh.co.uk/ housing repair/maintenance) • Private sector finance • grant aided repair and restoration projects • The likely scale of private sector should be carefully conditioned to investment capability in the area encourage sustainable sources and has to an extent been assessed by practices and develop local skills and the the Residents’ Survey (2000), use of local materials, suppliers and although more detailed craftsmen assessments may be required. • effective use of statutory powers as well • Nearly all the grant schemes as enabling role to ensure the preservation outlined above assume a varying and enhancement of the special character level of private money in of the conservation area, listed buildings, partnership with the grant aid, and the historic built environment in although some (especially those general and to ensure owners maintain from the Countryside Agency) buildings adequately: can sometimes be matched by – normal exercise of planing other grant sources, or grant aid controls - the emphasis on up to 100% of certain types of controlled and positive projects. management of change – special planning controls in Apply to: conservation areas, including [6] 9, Church Street [19] Pebbles, Fore Street [32] 1, Scorrier Street control of demolition and use of Article 4 Directions [43] 32, Scorrier Street
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– listed building controls – urgent works/repairs notices – amenity notices – Section 215 of Town and Country Planning Act 1990 – new or additional planning policies may be required, which may initially take the form of Supplementary Planning Guidance, but which should be incorporated into the statutory local plan at the next possible opportunity. (See also Environment Circular 02/98 – Prevention of Dereliction through the Planning System).
Apply to: [6] 9, Church Street [19] Pebbles, Fore Street [48] 2, Scorrier Street
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feature, and yet all too often its possibilities in 8 Change of Use and this respect are ignored. Redundant Shopfronts - If the glazed area is felt to be too great for comfort, it is possible to screen off parts of the Design Guidelines interior of a converted shop: 8.1 Shopfront design • by the use of curtains and blinds By the later 18th century shopfronts were • by internal secondary glazed screens or executed largely in good quality joinery giving solid screens disguised externally by a rich overall texture of fine details, and relied curtains/obscured or etched glass (in small on classical design traditions, fundamental areas only) principles of proportion and the classical • and/or by placing ornamental objects and orders. These were adopted to form a displays in the window itself. framework for the shopfronts, which were also often designed as an integral and unified part • the use of curtains and screening in this of the complete building. way has a long tradition of its own, and is th seen to good effect in places such as By the later 19 century, new influences in Penryn, or more locally, Chacewater, design led to more inventive shopfront design, where the shops face directly onto a busy matched by increasing levels in craftsmanship road, and are subject to much greater and skill in the use of cast and machined levels of noise, fumes and pedestrian materials. Overall proportions were not so traffic than virtually any property in St. strictly governed by classical rules and Day is likely to be. detailing changed to become bolder and more ornamental, and often larger. In other cases an appropriate and sympathetic alternative might be possible: 8.2 Design guidelines • while leaving the timber frame of the Despite policy controls and the best efforts of shopfront unaltered, it may be possible to local communities to resist it, shops do make alterations to the glazed areas to sometimes close down. Where a change to create sash windows rather than plate other uses is permitted, for instance offices or glass, rather like a traditional butcher’s residential use, careful thought has to be given shop (but not by filling-in most of the as to what happens to the shopfront. glazed area with masonry or render) • The general presumption will be in favour • in extreme cases, it may prove acceptable of retaining the shopfront where possible. to carefully reconstruct the ground floor to This is especially so if it is a good match the rest of the building example in itself, or is on a listed building • or in a conservation area and even more so where a shopfront can be demonstrated to if the building was designed from the be a later, and perhaps not entirely outset to incorporate a shopfront. sympathetic, alteration to an earlier building, removal might be more • Where a building has retained the overall justifiable. By and large, however, the integrity of its design, reinstatement of shops in missing elements could be considered Having a well-lit room and attractive frontage for the new office or home can be very St. Day were built as part of the beneficial – a typical alteration to many commercial core, and built from the outset traditional buildings in and around St. Day has to be an integral part of the buildings in been the enlargement of which they stand. This makes their retention all the more important to understanding the architectural and social history of the town. domestic-scale windows or the insertion of bay windows. Both are usually inappropriate in • Proposals to remove a modern shopfront such a context, but are clearly desirable to to restore an elevation to its previous householders, and perhaps are seen to increase designed appearance matching the rest of property values – the existence of an old shop a terrace can usually be encouraged, but front can provide just exactly this sort of should be viewed with caution in cases where the shop front is of interest in itself.
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• Don’t overlook the contribution buildings make to their neighbours, a group or the streetscape, i.e. the building’s setting and its contribution to the local scene where it shares particular architectural forms or details with other buildings nearby. • Loss of shopfront and replacement with masonry may mean the increased use of render, which is already
inappropriately dominant in St. Day – it has been used to hide a number of conversions, and in consequence texture and detailing on the whole building and streetscene has suffered, not just the shopfront.
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The Association of Building Preservation 9 Useful Addresses Trusts (APT) The first point of contact will usually Clareville House, 26/27 Oxendon St, London SW1Y 4EL be Kerrier District Council: Tel 0171 930 1629 Kerrier District Council, Cornwall Rural Community Council, Dolcoath Avenue, 9a River Street, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 2SQ Camborne TR14 8SX Tel: 01872 273952 Fax: 01872 241511 01209 614000 Development Trusts Association (DTA) The Council’s conservation officer is in the 20 Conduit Place, London, W2 1HZ Planning Department. Other local and regional Tel: 020 7706 4951 agencies can be reached through Kerrier Website: dta.org.uk District Council (including the County The Prince's Foundation Council, English Heritage, the Heritage 19-22 Charlotte Road Lottery Fund etc.: London Cornwall County Council EC2A 3SG County Hall, Telephone: (+44)(0) 20 7613 8500 Truro, TR1 3AY Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7613 8599 Email: [email protected] The Countryside Agency, John Dower House, Crescent Place, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, GL50 3RA. 01242 521381 www.countryside.gov.uk (Specific teams deal with: Local Heritage Initiative: www.lhi.org.uk, Vital Villages: National Vital Villages Team in Bristol. Tel: 0117 974 6265.)
English Heritage, Central Office 23 Savile Row, London, W1X 2ET Tel: 020 7973 3000 Fax: 020 7973 3001 Website: www.english-heritage.org.uk English Heritage, Southwest Regional Office 29, Queen Square, Bristol BS1 4ND Tel: 0117 975 0700
Lottery Heritage Fund (Townscape Heritage Initiative) 020 7591 6042/3/4/5 Other useful contacts include: The Architectural Heritage Fund (AHF) Clareville House, 26/27 Oxendon St, London SW1Y 4EL Tel 0171 925 0199
Fax: 020 7930 0295 Website: ahfund.org.uk Email: [email protected]
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Appendix 1: Location map of historic and surviving shopfronts in St. Day
Key:-
= Existing shop (historic or modern shopfronts)
= Surviving historic shopfront (in other use)
= Evidence of former shopfront
42 = Index reference number of property
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The Cahill Partnership - St. Day Shopfront Study 26
Appendix 2: St. Day - historical shops audit Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving) 2,4 1 2 Chapel Street YES This is a wonderfully simple shopfront in scale Use A well – used easily accessible shop with with its use as a local general store. little competition on this side of St. Day and General store. serving the extensive residential area down Condition to Vogue. Good Action Not required - a simple painted timber fascia board could be provided without problem since the shop has no fixed signage at all at present 2 23 Church Street Evidence in surviving fabric of former shopfront No Action 3 21 (part) Church Street The deep cornice and narrow fascia with Use One of the larger units in the street, but with moulding beneath survive, as do the pilasters on no rear servicing, limited street parking. No either side of the door. Otherwise the conversion Residential information on internal layout. It is unlikely of what was evidently a prominent and imposing Condition to be converted back from residential use, projecting shopfront is poor - the shopfront has although this would be possible without loss been completely taken out and replaced with a Maintenance required of historic character or appearance. rendered wall pierced by two large windows that Action do not relate to the building’s history as a shop or to the rhythm of the sash windows on the first The shopfront could be restored (with internal floor. screening) below fascia level, but this is unlikely. A better design of ground floor windows to accord with the rest of the building and the surviving moulded cornice etc. should be sought in any future proposals to replace the existing windows.
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Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving) 4 17 Church Street Elevation treatment (asymmetrical, enlarged II No Action window) indicates former shopfront. 5 11 Church Street 19th c. photographic evidence of use of existing No Action ground floor as shop window 1,2,3,4,5,7,8 6 9 Church Street YES Although in a poor condition most of this Use Always a small shop, this is unlikely to be ,9 shopfront survives intact and could be restored. It viable separate from the house has a deep, simply moulded cornice with flush Residential/storeroom. accommodation unless as a very specialised narrow fascia beneath supported by two square Condition. use. No rear access, limited on-street cut pilasters. The stall riser is timber with beaded parking, but in good location close to panels with plinth below. The double doors are Very poor, but all the original components are existing shops, church/school/community recessed to the left with rectangular fanlight there and could be restored or reconstructed at centre/new visitors centre at old church etc. above decorated with the name Mutton in gold some cost. If converted to residential, it is essential that leaf. The window is subdivided with slender Action the shopfront remains unaltered the glazing mullions capped by plain solid spandrels. There is fully restored and the painted name one slender centrally located glazing bar. The ideal use would be retail, although an retained, but this is unlikely to be achieved employment use would also be suitable. by private finance/householder alone. A suitable candidate for grant aid. 7 7 Church Street 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action surviving fabric 8 5 Church Street 19th c. photographic evidence No Action
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Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving) 1,2,3 9 3 Church Street YES Similar to 9 Church Street [6]. Deep, simply II Use Current use as domestic store room unlikely moulded cornice with narrow flush fascia to threaten shopfront. The shopfront is beneath. Of special interest is the presence in situ Residential intact; the former shop within remains as a of the canopy frame. The door is centrally Condition separate room/space from the house recessed, with a beaded ceiling to the ingo. The (connected), and there is a separate access mullions are slender, topped with plain solid Simple maintenance to the living quarters. The house/unit is one spandrels – the windows with a simple, centrally Action of the larger ones in this group on west side located glazing bar. Unlike [6] the stall riser is of Church Street, but has no rear access and granite. The door on the left to the cottage is Shopfront should be retained for its no front parking. contained within the fascia line, and with a architectural and historical interest. rectangular fanlight over; part of the shopfront The shop is capable of re-use, but bulk The building itself is of dressed and coursed design and should be considered as such in any goods/frequent deliveries/passing trade granite, virtually impossible to reproduce future proposal. unlikely -specialist user possible like economically today, so that removal of the antiques, or as small tea-rooms/café etc. shopfront would leave a scar on the building The quality of the shopfront itself could be which could only be disguised by rendering the major factor in promoting this sort of whole front - this would be unacceptable for an image. elevation of this quality.
10 6/8 Church Street 19th c. photographic evidence – the whole ground No Action floor was a large timber shopfront
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Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving) 6 11 10 Church Street YES Perspex fascia over two plate glass windows with Use Providing specialist service (laundrette), a flush fully glazed door between, the whole although there is another butchers in St. offset to the right. Separate access doors to laundrette/butchers Day. Potential rear accesses, on-street accommodation to left and to right. Condition parking, proximity to new heritage/visitor attraction at the old Church, school/village In good condition. hall/church etc. all give this unit some Action potential. Together with adjoining [11], separate access to upper floor makes There is nothing of value or interest in the potential LOTS improvements viable shopfront. The building is slate-hung, and the shopfront could be removed, and a well- designed and detailed ground floor constructed to match the upper floor. A replacement shopfront would be equally valid and welcomed, historical evidence available to aid reconstruction As a minimum, the solid area on the left should be restored as glazing.
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Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving) 6 12 12 Church Street YES Projecting Perspex fascia over large subdivided Use Still a shop, although unlikely to be valid as plate glass windows in stained timber. The stall a grocers/general store (St. Day probably riser is plain render. Charity shop (former grocers) has sufficient elsewhere for its needs). One Condition of the largest surviving units in St. Day, rear access potentially (there has been some In good condition. recent development to rear), on-street Action. parking, proximity to new heritage/visitor attraction at the old church, school/village There is nothing of value or interest in the hall/church etc. all give this unit some shopfront potential. Together with adjoining [11], separate access to upper floor makes The building is rendered, and the shopfront potential LOTS improvements viable. could be removed, and a well-designed and detailed ground floor constructed to match the upper floor. A replacement shopfront would be equally valid and welcomed, historical evidence available to aid reconstruction. Prominent position in street scene makes restoration/reconstruction of shopfront attractive, although not necessary. 13 14 Church Street 19th c. photographic evidence (small, well No Action detailed timber shopfront) / evidence in surviving fabric 14 16 Church Street 19th c. photographic evidence (fine corner timber No Action shopfront) / evidence in surviving fabric – although a well detailed conversion
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Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving) 15 1 Fore Street 19th c. photographic evidence (large, flat timber II No Action shopfronts on Fore Street and Church Street elevations) 1,2,3 16 Berlewen Fore Street YES This shopfront stands proud of building line. The II Use In a good location, with on-street parking, a deep cornice has dentil string beneath and a relatively large building with separate narrow flush fascia. Slender mullions divide the Residential access to accommodation, there is potential windows with arched heads, all in timber. The Condition for re-use, perhaps as specialist shop, like deep stall riser is plain rendered white above antiques, or as small tea-rooms/café etc. black. Half glazed left-hand accommodation Good The quality of the shopfront itself could be access door and central shop door later; fanlight Action major factor in promoting this sort of above is now solid. image. A listed building, there is little scope for alteration, apart from replacing doors with more appropriate design. 5,7 17 Fore Street YES This unit and the neighbouring (item 18) are Use Given current removal of shopfront, this is boarded up and in process of reconstruction with unlikely to revert to commercial use. domestic details to match the upper floor, which Residential will remove all traces of the shopfronts (which Condition survive now only in the shape and scale of the openings). Work still in progress at time of survey Action The shopfront is boarded up –the adjacent property in course of reconstruction with a blockwork wall with new windows built to match the rendered elevation above; the same treatment intended for this property.
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Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving) 5,7 18 Fore Street YES This unit and the neighbouring (item 17) are Use Given current removal of shopfront, this is boarded up and in process of reconstruction with unlikely to revert to commercial use. domestic details to match the upper floor, which Residential will remove all traces of the shopfronts (which Condition survive now only in the shape and scale of the openings). Work still in progress at time of survey Action The shopfront has recently been totally removed, a blockwork wall with new windows built to match the rendered elevation above.
3,4,5,7,8,9 19 Pebbles Fore Street YES The fascia sits flush to the wall with only a II Use One of the most important historical beading above rather than a cornice. The buildings in St. Day. Built as a store /shop windows consist of two pairs of 18 pane sashes Residential/store. Shop and restaurant recent /counthouse, retention of this appearance if on either side of a central pair of large doors each uses. not use is essential to the historic character with 12 panes. Condition and appearance of the building. One of the larger units in St. Day, and in prime Painting/maintenance required; repair works location; on-street parking, could be one of needed to the sills and doors in particular. keys to regeneration of town. Capable of Action future commercial/retail use and conversion to residential should be resisted. Fascia/signage will require careful design and application Important to keep glazing pattern.
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving) The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 33
4,6, 20 Spar Fore Street YES A deep Perspex fascia with no cornice but a full- Use One of the largest units in St. Day, with rear length trough light which caps a modern yard and storage, on-street parking in the shopfront complete with brick panel located off- Small supermarket. centre of St. Day. One of the most centre upon which there are advertising boards. Condition successful shops in the town, it is unlikely There is nothing of interest. to change use. Investment in the future of Good. the town would be symbolised no better . Action than by investment in a quality shopfront and restoration of this prominent shop and A replacement shopfront would greatly benefit historic building. this property and contribute to the street scene. Ideally it should be coupled with appropriate window replacement (sashes) on the first floor
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 34
4,6 21 Post Office Fore Street YES This shopfront has some intriguing aspects, since Use A large unit, with rear yard, on street it has obviously undergone extensive alteration parking and a prominent position, this is yet manages to retain some key features. The Post Office one of the most viable unit in St. Day. As cornice/fascia and the projecting plan survive Condition such a prominent site in the community, it from the C19 shopfront. These are characteristic could be targeted as a show-piece deep cornice and narrow fascia, both in good Good reconstruction project –although the condition. Beneath this, though, crude unpainted Action existing shopfront is in excellent condition. bricks have been used to replace what were possibly rotten pilasters and this treatment has Painting the brickwork would go some way to been extended to the stall riser. The timber reducing its impact in the short term. framing is plain and almost certainly dates from Reconstructing a quality traditional shopfront the time of the brickwork with a special mullion below the existing cornice would be a simple inserted just for the post-box which is of interest and very effective enhancement of the street in itself being inscribed GR. The door is a scene. The post-box must be retained. modern PVCu/aluminium insert.
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 35
1,2,4 22 Gull House Fore Street YES The shopfront is unusual in St. Day; it has a Use Although only a narrow frontage, this is bowed central multi-paned window over a simple large building, in the heart of the town, rendered stallriser, with doors flanking to left and Residential. adjacent to the post office and Spar to right – both are late C20 full-glazed doors. All Condition supermarket and opposite the central public are under a single bowed cornice, flattened over house, with rear access and nearby on-street the flanking doors, with a relatively shallow Requires maintenance (woodwork, mainly parking. It is important in any case to retain fascia. No surviving pilaster, brackets etc., simple repainting). the shopfront (unique to St. Day), and the door frames. The unusual bowed front (shown in Action potential re-use of the shop is practical, late C19 photographs) goes well with the reinforcing the need to retain the shopfront. rendered front of the building, with moulded The shop window seems to have been well surrounds to the upper windows, and is in a adapted to residential use. It would be a simple matching late regency style, common in some of matter to reinstate simple and well detailed the larger towns of Cornwall (Truro, Falmouth, pilasters to the door frames (if evidence is Penzance) but rare in the smaller settlements. forthcoming that there were any). Most importantly the doors are inappropriate not only on the shopfront, but in any building of this age and quality in the heart of the conservation area, and merely replacing these would go a long way to restoring the elegant appearance of this frontage, unusual as it is in St. Day.
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 36
1,3,4,5 23 Property next Fore Street YES In the St. Day style with a simply moulded timber Use This is a very small, but extremely well- to St. Day Inn cornice over the narrow flush fascia. The door is detailed and important shopfront (one of the to the left, rebated between two slender square cut In process of renovation –residential? earlier surviving in St. Day in an extremely pilasters. The door and fanlight above were Condition important focal position). The unit is boarded over at the time of survey. The main relatively large in a good position, and with window was also boarded over but there is a Works being carried out to the building at rear yard. Its future use is uncertain given plain, probably later sill. The stall riser is present. the current works, but it would be easily rendered and was probably previously timber, Action retained in any residential conversion with a plinth. because so small. It has been retained in situ The shopfront remains boarded during building during current works, so its immediate work. It is a small shopfront, what is visible in future seems assured, but details of door good condition, the window and door only and glazing need to be controlled. requiring attention.
24 Chysair Fore Street 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action surviving fabric
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 37
125Old PostFore Street YES Dual aspect shopfront with central angled double Use Given recent reconstruction of shopfront, Office doors with deep fanlight above (now solid). Deep unlikely any future change of use or cornice over narrow flush fascia. Patterned stain Residential. alteration of appearance is likely in near glass fanlight above 15 pane windows; elevation Condition future. An exemplar of what can be onto Market Square altered to include top- achieved elsewhere in St. Day. opening lights. Plain rendered stall riser with Good plinth below; plain pilasters. Action This shopfront has been recently restored, and nothing is required in foreseeable future
26 Property next Fore Street 19th c. photographic evidence shows small No Action to 1 Scorrier projecting timber shopfront. St. 1,2,4 27 5 Fore Street YES A deep cornice overhangs narrow flush fascia. II Use A relatively small unit, but in a prominent The corner door is timber with frosted glass and position with rear access; no on-street two pressed panels; opening plain fanlight above. Residential parking. A listed building, alteration and The right hand door is a later braced stable type Condition loss of this shopfront is unlikely, use as a door with bubble glass window. Both door cases shop possible but not necessary. Minor survive with pilasters topped with inset roundels. Good improvements (door) required. The window is wide with six panes; late C19 Action photos show a multi-paned window. The stall riser is plain render. Replacing the right hand door for a more appropriate style should be considered.
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 38
1,2,4 28 5a Fore Street YES This is an unusual small dual aspect shopfront. Use This small unit is unlikely by itself to be Later than the adjacent [27], it projects forward in viable – in conjunction with [27] adjacent it a flat roof extension. A plain narrow fascia is Residential may be viable, but residential use as present shown in late C19 photos with a small canvas Condition seems OK (an overlarge entrance porch in projecting blind. It sits over an 8-pane window effect). It is an unusual, rare and interesting facing West End and a 4-pane window facing Good incident in the street scene and should be Fore Street. The stall riser is plain granite with Action retained. plinth below. The front door, which is stained with applied ‘leaded’ lights, is a modern insertion. The shopfront is in need of some repair to the plain pilasters. Replacing the door in a more appropriate style would benefit the shopfront and the street scene. 29 Community Fore Street Evidence in surviving fabric (large blocked No Action Cott window opening in west elevation) 30 1 Market 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action Square surviving fabric – former chemist shop (see Town Trail) 31 5 Market Evidence in surviving fabric No Action Square
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 39
1,2,3,4,8 32 1 Scorrier This is an unusual small shopfront. It projects Use This unit could be viable, relatively large Street forward in a shallow canted bay with a deeply unit, with access in Scorrier Street for recessed central doorway, dentil cornice, simple Residential residential unit good visible position at road fascia and thin pilasters. Early 19thc., possibly Condition junction; poor on-street car parking late 18th c (see the similarity with the other bay shopfront in Fore Street (item 22). The door Good It is an unusual, rare and interesting incident th in the street scene and should be retained – glazing and fenestration are 20 century. Above it Action is a good early 20th c. projecting bay surviving details could provide template for The door is acceptable – etched glass might be restoration of item 22. of benefit to both the occupiers and the street scene; glass areas could be broken up with smaller panes.
33 7 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action Street surviving fabric 34 9 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence (projecting No Action Street shopfront)/ evidence in surviving fabric
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 40
35 17 Scorrier YES This is a solid mid C20 shopfront with a canted Use A relatively thriving business, with little Street timber fascia with applied plastic letters. It is a conservation input required late replacement for an earlier shop-front with Butcher’s heavy crudely detailed mullions and sills above a Condition pebble dashed stall riser with plinth. The windows consist of four two light sashes with tilt Good and turn fanlights above. Late C19 photos show a Action large, canted- bay shopfront. The building has been rendered since then (early-mid C20?) There is opportunity, through the replacement of the sashes with plain glazing for improvement to the style of the shopfront. 36 19 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action Street surviving fabric 37 27 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence No Action Street 38 29 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence (very large and No Action Street prominent shopfront on large building)/ evidence in surviving fabric (heavily altered) 39 37 Scorrier Evidence in surviving fabric No Action Street 40 42 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action Street surviving fabric 41 40 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action Street surviving fabric
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 41
6 42 38 Scorrier YES A modern insertion of a flush fascia with no Use A specialist provider, the unit is sufficient Street cornice and dark stained timber below with no for its current use; limited on-street parking, sill. There is an internally illuminated box sight to Fish and chip shop. peripheral location, but with rear access the left. Condition (allowing separate access to living accommodation), relatively larger building Good. overall. Very simple alterations to shopfront Action and elevation could make significant contribution to street scene. There is nothing of quality in the shop front, except perhaps its simplicity. The building has been rendered and lost much of its historic texture and quality. Any future replacement should seek to lower the sill level and consider returning to the frontage to full width, and improve the whole frontage.
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 42
1,2,3,5,7,8 43 32 Scorrier YES Deep flat cornice over narrow fascia, extends to Use Not a large unit, but with rear access, Street encompass the very good ¾ glazed door on right separate access to accommodation, limited to the upstairs accommodation. The shop window Residential/store. on-street parking, and potential for is subdivided into 20 panes – not likely to be an Condition specialist use. The whole of this building original feature and the stall riser beneath has has been badly affected by rendering, gone. It was probably timber to match the The lower part of the shopfront and stallriser is inappropriate window insertion, alteration panelled ingo walls. The door is a modern in very poor condition (badly rotted), and the of openings et. Removal of the shopfront replacement. window glazing bars are in poor condition. without improving these other elements will Action actually increase the negative impact the building has on the street scene and the The ideal use would be retail, although an conservation area. employment use would also be suitable. Significant repair should be carried out in the near future in association with improvements to the general facade (replacement of 1st floor metal windows). The window glazing could be replaced with simple mullions in a style to match others in St. Day. 44 30 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action Street surviving fabric 45 16 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action Street surviving fabric 46 14 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action Street surviving fabric
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving) 47 4 Scorrier 19th c. photographic evidence (prominent, well No Action Street detailed timber flat shopfront)/ evidence in surviving fabric
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 43
3,4,5,6,7,8,9 48 2 Scorrier The partially surviving shopfront appears to be Use The importance of this shopfront as the Street early-mid C20. Deep canted fascia in poor focal point of views along Fore Street condition - earlier fascia central fanlight may Residential/partially vacant makes it a priority in terms of restoration - survive beneath. Central double glazed doors, two Condition required anyway due to the very poor state large picture windows; plain rendered stall riser. of the frontage. While removal of the Stained door to left hand side, all in thin poorly Both shopfront and (formerly slate-hung) first current shopfront is desirable, this could be detailed timber surrounds. floor elevation are in need of complete renewal. a showpiece reconstruction, acting as an Action. exemplar and pump-primer. This is a large unit, with rear access, with separate access The first floor was previously slate hung. to the living accommodation, in a very Structurally there is no solid ground floor. The prominent position, and is potentially as shopfront could be removed and replaced with viable as any existing shop in St. Day. The rendered/slate hung elevation matching scale potential amount of domestic and detailing of first floor and adjoining accommodation may make it suitable for a granite-fronted cottages. Equally valid would be Living Over the Shop scheme. Action a re-construction of a good quality shopfront should also be taken to clear based on historical evidence of the more away/rationalise and re-design highway impressive shopfront that was originally here. clutter at this important site (telegraph pole, wastebin/street signs) 49 4 Telegraph 19th c. photographic evidence/ evidence in No Action Street surviving fabric 50 10 Telegraph Evidence in surviving fabric No Action Street
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 44
1,2,4 51 3 Telegraph The broad framework of this relatively early 19th II Use A middling-sized unit by St. Day standards, Street c. shopfront survives – the well- detailed pilasters, a good location, rear access and separate cornice and shallow fascia, and the general Residential residential access, poor on-street parking. layout, although the doorway to the side has been Condition Unlikely to be reconverted to shop use, but rendered over. The shop is still glazed, although could still be a viable specialist shop. with a modern three-pane window. Good Alterations A shopfront could be easily reinstated (the reinstatement of a door, even if blocked internally, would almost completely reinstate this shopfront) with no adverse effect on the structural or historic integrity of the building and given the listed status of the building, such a reinstatement could be a considerable enhancement to the building and streetscene.
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 45
1,2,4 52 1 Telegraph The essential framework of this relatively early II Use A middling-sized unit by St. Day standards, Street 19th c. shopfront survives – the well- detailed a good location, rear access but poor on- pilasters, cornice and shallow fascia, and the Residential street parking. Unlikely to be reconverted to general layout with the doorway to the side. Late Condition shop use, but could be a viable specialist 20th c. door, shopfront and stallriser replaced by shop. render and central sash window. Good Action A shopfront could be reinstated with no adverse effect on the structural or historic integrity of the building and given the listed status of the . building, such a reinstatement could be a considerable enhancement to the building and streetscene – the current conversion sits uncomfortably within this listed building. 53 The Cot West End 19th c. photographic evidence (front range of II No Action building removed by early 20th c. road widening)
Strategy Ref. Street no. Street Shop Description/Evidence listed Use/Condition/ Action Viability/Policy Actions front
(see section 7) (Surviving)
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 46
1,2, 54 West End West End YES Unusually for St. Day this is a shopfront that is Use The existing use is the best use for the House dominated by its solid framework of pressed property as it combines retail and workshop render panels that form the pilasters and stall Retail workshop use that maximises the building’s potential riser. In place of the fascia there is a projecting Condition –good size, rear yard/access, out of centre, band with the word Hockey inscribed. The easier access especially for larger deliveries current user has hung a simple sign written timber Good board beneath. The shopfront has frosted transom Action lights with plain glazing beneath with a thick sill. The half-glazed door is centrally recessed and had The door is in need of some repair but overall vertical boarding. It has a deep plain square the shopfront and the building frontage only fanlight above. needs some redecoration.
The Cahill Partnership - St. Day shopfronts 47
Appendix 3: Surviving shopfronts in St. Day (Descriptions and Buildings-at-Risk style assessment)
Note on standard English Heritage Buildings at Risk assessment: - The assessment is based on a combination of vacancy/under-use and condition. The same techniques have been used to assess shopfronts in St. Day, although not with the computer-based grading system used in the full BAR analysis.
The categories of risk are as follows: - Very bad – structural failure/instability/significant loss of roof/fire etc. Poor – deteriorating masonry/covering/leaking roof/defective rainwater goods/rot outbreaks/general deterioration of most of fabric/joinery/fire etc. affecting part of structure only Fair - structurally sound, in need of minor repair or showing signs of a lack of general maintenance Good - structurally sound, weathertight, with no significant repairs needed
Th C hill P hi S D h f 49