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PREFACE

The Special Commissioner, Department of Agriculture, Government of Andhra Pradesh has entrusted the task of preparing the State Agriculture Plan (SAP), District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) and the State Agriculture Infrastructure Plan (SAIDP) under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) - Remunerative Approaches for Agriculture & Allied Sectors Rejuvenation (RAFTAAR) Guidelines to M/s. Andhra Pradesh Productivity Council (APPC).

Andhra Pradesh Productivity Council (APPC), an ISO 9001:2015 Certified Organization, is an autonomous tri-partite non-profit making body established in the Year 1958 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.

This plan has been prepared by taking inputs from various stakeholders such as Farmers, Department officials at Head Quarters & District Offices, Academic Institutions (Universities), Farmer Society Representatives and others representing the Agriculture and Allied sectors. Besides gathering information through the Standard Formats, series of Meetings & Consultations were imparted so as to incorporate the Suggestions and Aspirations of all the stakeholders. A thorough Analysis and Drafting of the plans were done by the Empanelled Eminent Scientists and Experts specialized in agriculture and allied sectors in association with Andhra Pradesh Productivity Council.

This involved an Integrated and Participatory Informal approach, duly prioritizing the Technical / Scientific Interventions that suits the Geographical / Agri - Climatic Situations for the Practical and Pragmatic Growth of the Primary sector in the State of Andhra Pradesh. After detailed analysis, District Agricultural Plan (DAP) for the entire 13 Districts, Consolidated State Agricultural Plan (SAP) for the period 2017 -18 to 2019 – 20 was prepared, coinciding with the State Government’s Action plan for achieving the Desired Mission Targets. In addition to the Production Plans, keeping in-view of the existing Infrastructure and requirement of the Agriculture & Allied Sector Departments, a State Agriculture Infrastructure Plan (SAIDP) has been prepared for driving the desired production Targets.

The emphasis was laid on gathering information from Grass-Root level on the Farm and Non-Farm sector prospects. The plans were designed, location and sector specific strategies and interventions for bringing in holistic and sustainable development of agriculture and allied sectors in Andhra Pradesh.

In the newly-formed state of Andhra Pradesh, the great visionary and the driving force of Amaravati, destined to become one of the World Class Capital, Honourable Chief Minister Sri Nara Chandrababu Naidu, is spearheading the transformation of challenges into opportunities and success by launching innovative schemes and missions, especially for the well being of the Agriculture and Allied Sectors. In this Juncture, the State Agriculture Plan (SAP), District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) and State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan (SAIDP) will be of immense help for achieving the Earmarking Double Digit Growth (DDG) in all the Primary sectors.

We sincerely thank the Honourable Minister of Agriculture, Sri Somireddy Chandramohan Reddy for his dedication and commitment in transforming the Agriculture and Allied Sectors more economically feasible and viable for the farmers in the State of Andhra Pradesh.

We express our sincere thanks to Sri B. Rajasekhar, IAS, Principal Secretary to Government – Agriculture, Co-operation and Marketing, Sri D. Muralidhar Reddy, IAS, Special Commissioner of Agriculture, Sri V. Jayakumar, State Nodal Officer – Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) and other officials of Government of Andhra Pradesh, particularly the district officials of Department of Agriculture and other allied sectors for their guidance, co-operation and assistance in preparing these plans.

We express our special thanks to our Empanelled eminent scientists and experts; Dr. M. Singa Rao, Dr. Y. Eswara Prasad, Dr. K. Hemachandrudu, Dr. P. Venkata Rao, Dr. N. Krishna for their close association and contribution, duly coordinating with Mr. Ch. Vinay Kumar Reddy, Asst. Director – APPC in preparation of the plans.

We also thank our Honorary Secretary Dr. S. Rajagopala Reddi, for having taken keen interest in this endeavor and for his continuous guidance and support in successfully completing the plans.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ANDHRA PRADESH PRODUCTIVITY COUNCIL

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18 | Page Fig. 2.10 Forest Cover in Andhra Pradesh by Type of Forests Very Dense 7%

Open Forest 43%

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Fig. 2.18 Female Holdings in Andhra Pradesh (%)

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24 | Page Fig.2.19 Average Holding Size in Andhra Pradesh (ha)

Overall 0.94

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6184.35 7000 5794.99

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28 | Page Fig. 2.22. Water Inflow in to Andhra Pradesh- 2017-18

Total Infow : 6184.35 TMC

Inflow from other states 32% Rainfall 68%

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Fig. 2.233. Change in Storage Quantity- 2017-18 Total Change: 389.36 TMC Reservoirs Minor Irri tanks 8% 14%

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30 | Page Fig. 2.25. Water Budget of Andhra Pradesh, in ha m

Deficit Water Needed 3608961

Surplus Water Available 196256

Total Supply 4086622

Total Demand 7619037

0 2000000 4000000 6000000 8000000

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Fig. 2.26 Minor Irrigation Status in Andhra Pradesh

Current Storage - Nov 2018 (%) 29.6

Total Storage Capacity (TMC) 202.54

No. of MI Tanks (000s) 38.144

0 50 100 150 200 250

)>DA24 7CC? 8AA88660C8>=0? 266 6>E 8=

31 | Page 0A>
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Fig. 2.27. Depth to Ground Water levels in A.P by %

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32 | Page 86

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Fig. 2.29. Major Food and Non Food Crops of AP - 2017-18 (lakh ha)

80 74 70 53 60 48 50 42 40 28 30 24 26 30 21 21 19 21 17 14 20 11 10 10 4 2 0 Cereals & Pulses Total Food Total food Total non- Gross Area Millets grains crops food crops sown

Kharif Rabi Total

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Fig. 2.30. Oil Seeds Area in AP (Lakh ha.)

14.4 16.0 13.6 12.4 14.0 11.8 12.0 9.2 10.0 7.9 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 1.3 1.9 2.0 0.0 Kharif Rabi Total

2013-14 2017-18 Avg of last 5 yrs

)>DA24
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34 | Page Fig. 2.31. Area under Commercial Crops in AP (Lakh ha.)

6.8 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.0 Chillies Cotton Tobbaco Sugercane

2013-14 2017-18 Avg. Last 5 yrs

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35 | Page Fig. 2.32. Fruit & Plantation Crops Area in AP (Lakh ha)

2.92.9 3.0 2.6 2.5

2.0

1.5 1.21.21.2 1.01.01.0 1.0 0.60.60.6 0.3 0.40.40.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.10.10.1 0.0 Mango Lemon Batavia Banana Guava Coconut Cashewnut

2013-14 2017-18 Avr. Of last 5 yrs

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Fig. 2.33. Vegetable & Spice Crops Area in AP (Lakh ha)

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.10.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 Tomato Onion Turmeric Bhendi Brinjal

2013-14 2017-18 Avr. Of last 5 yrs

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36 | Page 
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Fig. 2.34. Livestock Population in AP (Million No.)

35.0 31.0 29.4 30.0

25.0

20.0 13.6 15.0 12.2 8.2 10.0 6.5 5.5 4.7 4.8 4.5 5.0

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37 | Page Fig. 2.35. Fisheries Production in AP ('000 t)

3450 3500 3000 2500 1995 1769 2000 1500 1140 1000 373480 416 433 500 65 125 88 103 0 Marine Marine Brackish Inland Fresh Total Fish Shrimp Water Fish Water Shrimp Prawn

2013-14 2017-18

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38 | Page Fig.2.36. Annual GVA Growth rates by Sectors in AP, % (constant Prices) 20.0   15.0

 10.0    5.0 

0.0  2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 -5.0

-10.0

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Agriculture Industry Services GVA

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39 | Page Fig. 2.37. Sectoral Composition of GVA in AP (%)

100

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Fig. 2.38. Sub Secttor Wise Gross Value Added in Agriculture (%)

100 13 14 14 16 90 20 22 25 80 70 29 30 27 28 30 30 60 29 50 24 23 24 24 40 23 26 26 30 20 32 31 32 30 24 10 20 19 0 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

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40 | Page 0A>
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Fig.4.6. Organic Carbon Status in Soils of Andhra Pradesh, 2011 (Source: Raju, 2012)

2 1 2 1 1 2 1 100 9 9 4 9 17 28 80 60 60 93 98 90 91 85 87 40 81 76 82 76 76 50 20 42 14 0

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96 | Page Fig.4.19. Targeted Sample Size for Pesticide Testing Laboratories

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Fig.4.20. Farm Machinery Coverage in AP

300 270

250

200 184 158 168 150 124 94 100 88 56 50

0 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (up to Dec)

No. of beneficiaries (000s) Subsidy (Rs. In cr)

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Fig. 4.21. FFS Targets for Different Officials - 2018-19

1060 1200

1000 667 800

600

400 1554

200

0 ADAs Mandal AOs AEOs

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103 | Page fig. 4.22. Chandranna Rythu Kshetralu Performance - Physical (no.) & Financial (Rs. Lakhs)

5500 6000 5126 5000 35003500 4000 3000 1883 18921892 1750 1733 1608 1351 2000 942 946 843 757 1000 404 0 Physical Financial Physical Financial Physical Financial Physical Financial

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Target Achievement

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Fig. 4.23. Yield Gap of Major Crops in the State (%)

Cotton 27

Sugar cane 16

Redgram 77

Bengalgram 52

Sorghum 31

Paddy 7

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

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106 | Page :@KBJN>GIB=
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107 | Page 86
 
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110 | Page 86
 
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180   160  140 118 120 100 80  60   36   30   28  40 24 20 0        !    


 
 


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143 | Page Fig. 5.2. Growth Rates of Agriculture and Allied Sectors: AP vs India - 2017-18 (%)

35.0 30.8 30.0 25.0 17.8 20.0 15.1 13.1 15.0 10.3 10.0 5.1 3.0 5.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 0.0 Agriculture and Livestock Forestry and Fisheries Agriculture and Horticulture Logging Allied Total

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144 | Page Fig. 5.3. Growth Rate Across Major Sectors in AP and India - 2017-18

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13.5 14.0 11.5 12.0 9.1 10.0 8.7 8.0 6.9 6.6 5.6 6.2 6.0 3.0 4.0 2.4 1.6 2.0 0.1 0.0 Fruit Crops Vegetables Flowers Plantation Spices Total Crops Horticulture

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Fiig. 5.5. Area & Production of Fruits in AP

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Area ('000 ha) Production ('0000 t)

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0 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

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Fig 5.7. Mulberry Cultivation duirng 2016-17 (acres)

Nellore 857.5 Prakasam 2721 Guntur 1082 Krishna 895 West Godavari 1535 East Godavari 1807.5 Visakhapatnam 563.5 Vizianagaram 597 Srikakulam 528 Kurnool 2868 Kadapa 1893 Chittoor 34553.69 Anantapur 35781

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Fig. 5.11. Growth Rates of Livestock Production AP vs India (2014-15 to 2017-18)

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Kurnool 1008.96 Ananthapur 747.11 Cuddapah 468.08 Chittoor 1381.65 Nellore 694.08 Prakasam 1289.7 Guntur 1303.25 Krishna 1351.26 West Godavari 1082.04 East Godavari 1067.99 Visakhapatnam 654.98 Vizianagaram 572.61 Srikakulam 556.14

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181 | Page Fig 5.14. District wise Egg Production (lakh nos.) 2016-17

Kurnool 1609.72 Ananthapur 2395.72 Cuddapah 1634.63 Chittoor 11808.15 Nellore 2209.14 Prakasam 2565.94 Guntur 16272.09 Krishna 24566.36 West Godavari 29886.38 East Godavari 49372.18 Visakhapatnam 10386.12 Vizianagaram 3937.87 Srikakulam 1630.24

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173 180 154 160 138 140 123 110 120 98 100 80 60 40 20 0 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

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Fig. 5.16. Recorded and Projected Meat Production (Lakh t)

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Director of CEO MD SHEEP MD APCARL SVVU APVC Animal FEDERATION APDDCF Husbandry APLDA

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201 | Page Fig. 5.21. Gross Value Added and Growth Rates in Fisheries 33.3 45000 32.8 32.8 35 40000 41328 30 35000 31072 25 30000 25000 23397 20

20000 17621 15 13.6 15000 10 10000 5 5000 0 0 
 
 
 


GVA Rs. Cr (Constant Prices) Growth Rate %

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Fig 5.22. District Wise GVA - Fishing and Acquaculture (2017-18)

Kurnool 380 Anatapur 104 YSR Kadapa 48 Chittoor 86 SPS Nellore 7376 Prakasam 2433 Guntur 3112 Districts Krishna 17355 West Godavari 16472 East Godavari 5846 Visakhapatnam 2056 Vizianagarm 575

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Fig. 5.23. Fisheries production in Andhra Pradesh (Lakh t)

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10 4.1 4.8 4.2 4.3 5 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.2 0 Marine Fish Inland Fish Marine Brackish Fresh Total Shrimp Water Water Shrimp Prawn

2014-15 2017-18

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Fig. 5.24. Composition of Fisheries Production in AP - 2017-18 (%)

Fresh Water Prawn, 12 Marine Fish, 14

Brackish Water Shrimp, 12

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203 | Page Fig. 5.25. Fisheries Growth in AP: 2014-15 to 2017-18 (%)

282 300 258 250

200

150 86 73 100 55 50 17

0 Marine Fish Inland Fish Marine Brackish Fresh Total Shrimp Water Water Shrimp Prawn

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109 120 100 80 60 33 36 38 22 19 1820 1827 21 22 40 10 8 12 11 1615 1410 1711 12 9 14 8 10 20 0

Marine Fish Marine Shrimp Brakish Shrimp

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260 | Page SUCCESS STORIES / CASE STUDIES

1) Drum Seeder for Rice – A Cost Effective and Yield Enhancing Technology Direct seeding of paddy with drum seeder- Rice is the major crop grown in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh during kharif to an extent of 2.0lakh ha. Majority of farmers cultivate rice crop by transplanting method by engaging 10-15 women Direct seeding of Paddy with labour for transplanting and 8-10 men labour for Drum Seeder nursery pulling. Since the time period of transplanting is short, 15 to 20 days only, labour availability becomes the critical issue to complete the transplanting i n time and the cost of labour is also high during peak transplantation period, which is one of the major contributing factors for escalating the cost of cultivation. Direct seeding of paddy with drum seeder in paddled soil is a simple technology to reduce the cost of cultivation, reduces water requirement and also increases yield. Drum seeder technology is very much effective because it saves time, labour and cost of cultivation due to skipping of nursery raising, nursery pulling and transplanting. The yield increase due to Drum seeder is about 4-5 per cent and cost of cultivation is reduced by an amount of Rs.4,000-5,500 per/acre. The additional net income realized due to this technology is about Rs.7,000 per acre. 2) Millet Processing – A Livelihood Enhancement of Tribal Women in West Godavari In West Godavari district the tribal community mostly dependent on agriculture for livelihood. They grow millets as one of the major crops. The women in Millet processing unit established in ITDA (E. these villages are mostly dependent on Godavari) office agriculture as farm labour and the availability of work is seasonal.

Millet Based Bakery Unit by a Tribal SHG 261 | Page

Alternative sources of livelihood are also lacking because of which net family income and living standards of the people are poor. Training programmes on millet processing were conducted by KVK, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh to tribal Self Help Groups (SHGs) under TSP.Two Self Help Groups viz.,Girivanitha and Giriposhana were formed which established their own millet processing units with the financial assistance from ITDA. Both the groups supply approximately 800kg (400 kg each) of millet products to schools every week and each group is earning an amount of Rs.2,00,000 per month. After deducting the expenses, net profit is shared among the members of the group. The millet products are also supplied to nearby supermarkets in Eluru, Koyyalagudem, Rajahmundry and local shandies in the villages. ITDA is encouraging by giving orders as per their requirement for official meetings and functions. Recently an outlet in Eluru Rythu Bazar was also started and the sales are encouraging with a turnover of about Rs.30,000/- to Rs.50,000/- per month.

3) Reservoir Fisheries Increases Income of Tribal Fishermen in East Godavari The agency area of East Godavari district has vast potential for development of fisheries as there are many perennial hill streams and rivers like Godavari and Sileru flowing through the area. Nearby Bhupathi palem Reservoir project, 147 tribal families are residing in 3 villages - Gandhinagaram, Fish Marketing Through Tribal Kothapakalu and Suddagommu. These Fishermen villages are frequently affectedby floods and inundation. To improve the socio – economic condition and livelihood of the affected tribal families, awareness has been created among tribal farmers on reservoir management and were able to motivate these 147 tribal families to take up fisheries activity. During December, 2012, two lakh fish fingerlings were released in Bhupathipalem Reservoir with the financial support from Project Officer, ITDA, Rampachodavaram and Department of Fisheries, East Godavari District. The tribal fishermen started harvesting fish in the reservoir with the grill nets and teppas since October, 2014.

262 | Page

The average weight of the harvested fish ranged from 3 to 5 kg., and the fish were sold at Rs.100/kg at the reservoir site. The members of the society harvested 5 to 6 quintals of fish per day which was marketed through Primary Tribal Fishermen Co-operative Society (PTFCS).The profit thus obtained was distributed equally among the tribal fishermen families after completion of the fish harvesting. The income of these 147 tribal families is about Rs.20,000 to 25,000 per family over a period of eight months and gave livelihood security to these tribal families.

4) Black Bengal Breed Goat for Higher Income in East Godavari.

Black Bengal breed of goat which is found

Cleaning of the fish through Tribal Women Cooperative in West Bengal, Black Bengal Goat Society (TFCS) Bihar,Odisha and Bangladesh, are prolific i.e., quick population build up, high disease tolerance ability and can adapt to local environment easily. These goats are usually black in colour, but also found in brown or white or grey colour. It is very suitable for meat, milk and skin production. The milk and meat of this goat is very tasty and nutritious than any other goat breed. Demonstrations have been conducted in rearing of these black Bengal Goat in East Godavari to show the benefits. These breeds gave high net returns due to kidding atleast twice a year with low mortality and these breeds are easy for rearing as this doesn’t have any feed preference. With the rearing of Black Bengal goat there was an additional net income of about Rs.13,000/- per goat. With the successful demonstration, there are around 700 beneficiaries (250 through ATMA and 350 through state animal husbandry and dairy department and progressive farmers) who have started backyard rearing of these goats in about 32villages during 2018.

263 | Page

5) Apiculture – A Successful Skill-Based Intervention for Improved Livelihood of Rural and Tribal Families of West Godavari Most of the area is covered with horticultural crops like cashew, mango, oil palm and vegetables apart from paddy and maize. New plantations are also taken up with guava and oil palm. Collection Training onBeeKeeping of honey from wild bee colonies is one of the income sources for rural/tribal families during lean periods of employment i.e. during November to February in tribal areas of West Godavari district. This activity is slowly coming down as the skill in identifying the wild bee colonies is not passed on to present young tribal farmers. Domestication of honey bees with the species viz., Apismellifera and Apisceranaindica was reported to be very successful among horticulture farmers where abundant forage required for bee activity and production of honey is available. Sixteen tribal farmers from Kamaiahkunta, Pandugudem and Bandarlagudem villages of Buttaigudem mandal were identified to provide with bee hive boxes under Tribal Sub Plan activity. Apiary in KamaiahKunta

Regular follow up visits were also made by the experts to the units and advisory was also provided for effective maintenance of the bee hives. Support in terms of supply of foundation sheets and portable honey extractors are provided to these farmers for strengthening the activity. Honey can be extracted@2-3kg from each box by October and can be continued up to June. Honey extracted from these colonies was sold @ Rs. 300/- to 500/- per kg, depending on the season and demand.

264 | Page

6) Zero-budget Natural Farming - Shift from Chemical Agriculture Sri Seetha Rami Reddy of Kaaza villageof Movva mandal, Krishna District has shifted from chemical intensive agriculture to Zero- Budget Natural Farming in 6 acres. Though initially for first two years the yields were low Zero-budget Natural Farming compared to the neighbouring farmers who ill are practicing inorganic farming, He realised the fact that with a single cow one can practice natural farming in at least 30 acres.From one cow, daily 10-12 kg of dung and 8-10 L of urine collected was used in the preparation of ghana and drava jeevamrutha. The drava jeevamrutha has to be used in 4to10days after preparation four times in the crop growing season starting from 30 DAP at 3 weeks interval, while Ghana jeevamrutha can be stored for 6 months after bringing down the moisture content to a minimum level by air drying. This is applied in the field maintaining 1- inch level of water @ 100 kg per acre. The jeevamrutha will act as an excellent tonic to the field and tonnes the soil in terms of supply of the nutrients and also substrate (organic C compounds) for the earthworms and microbes. Nourishing the plants with jeevamrutha makes the crop healthy that resists the attack by pests and diseases besides giving good yields. Spraying the extract prepared out of seven grains viz., blackgram, greengram, cowpea, horsegram, bengalgram, wheat and gingelly improved boldness of seed in pulses. For pest control, the natural farmer uses various asthras viz., agniastrha, neemasthra, brahmasthra and dashaparnikasthra apart from using fermented buttermilk and coconut milk for disease management. The farmer is also practicing mulching and crop residue management for improved soil health. The yield decline due to adopting natural farming is only2to3bags per acre in case of rice, but the grains fetch bonus price.

7) Vermi-composting - Income Generation Activity Srinivasa Rao resident of Gorantla village, Guntur Rural, Andhra Pradesh, started Vermi-compost unit with an annual production capacity of 300 T. The production cost incurred by him was Rs.2.25/kg and sells at Rs.3.75/kg with a margin of

265 | Page

Rs.1.5/kg. He approached Scientists of the University at Guntur for technical support. With advises of Guntur scientists he could able to increase vermi-compost production (700 tonnes) and also reduce production cost to Rs. 1.20/kg and sells at Rs. 4/kg with a margin of Rs.2.80/kg.

Before intervention After intervention Produce Annual net Produce Annual returns sold returns (Rs.) sold (Rs.) 300 T 11.25 Lakhs 700 T 28 Lakhs

8) Multi Crop Threshing Machine for Speed and Accuracy Mechanization of rain-fed agriculture is one of the important activities in IWMP. Custom hiring, providing farm implements and high-cost machinery is one of the Production Systems Improvement activities being taken up in Integrated Watershed Management Project in Srikakulam District. Ruppa Peta is a small village in Muddada micro-watershed of Muddada project. Crops like Paddy, Pulses, Ragi etc. are grown in the village. Farmers have shown interest in the mechanisation of agriculture due to shortage of labour. They also realised the increase in the efficiency in farm operations and less drudgery by the use of farm implements and machinery. Shri Gangu Ramulu S/o Shri Papayya is a progressive farmer in the village. He has come forward to have a Multi-Crop Thresher from the watershed project and requested to provide the high - cost machine since there is a demand for the thresher, not only in the village but from the neighbouring villages. In the project it was agreed to provide the high-cost machine to him during 2010-11 with a cost of Rs.1,75,000/-. Out of the total cost of the machine 50 per cent was provided from the Agriculture Department, GoAP, as

266 | Page subsidy, 30 percent cost was provided from Watershed Funds and rest of the 20 per cent was met by the farmer.

The multi-crop thresher is useful for threshing many crops like paddy, pulses (horse gram), ragi etc. which are being grown in the area. The thresher is not only used by Shri Gangu Ramulu but other 120 farmers in and around the village for threshing their crops.

Use of threshing machine helped the farmers to thresh the crops immediately after the harvest and they are able to sell their produce immediately. When thresher is used the recovery of the produce is more as compared to other manual methods, damage to the produce is less and the cost of threshing is also less by 20-25 per cent. Farmers face a lot of problems in threshing the crops by manual methods. There is always shortage of labour during harvesting and threshing time and the labour cost is also high. The threshing process is very fast with the machine (few hours per acre) which otherwise takes 2 to 3 days by each farmer. There is a lot of drudgery in the manual threshing and is cumbersome. During harvesting and threshing time adverse weather conditions like untimely rains occur and damage the produce kept in the field for drying because of unavailability of labour. Threshing machine helped to solve all these problems.

The owner of the machine Shri Gangula Ramulu could get around Rs.50,000/- by way of hiring charges for the thresher in the very first year itself apart from threshing his own produce. The other farmers in the village were also benefitted since they were able to get the threshing of their crops at the lesser cost and with much ease.

The entire farming community in the village express their happiness and gratitude to the officials of IWMP and the Government for providing the threshing machine in the village.

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9) Drip Irrigation with Mulching in Chilies Farmers are adopting flood irrigation to Chilli crop although water is scarce in Guntur district. For efficient utilization of available water and to overcome the evaporational loss, polyethlene mulching along with drip irrigation was demonstrated for chilli crop. Farmers realized higher yields with reduced cost of cultivation (Fertilizers application and weed management)by adopting drip irrigation withmulching. Intervention Yield (q/ha) Net B:C Ratio Returns(Rs.) Flood irrigation 65.5 50000 1.18 Drip irrigation with polythene 72.5 125000 1.52 mulching

10) Pro-tray Nursery Method to Save Seed Cost in Ginger. The tribal farmers in Araku Mandal of Visakhapatnam district cultivate ginger as a major horticulture cash crop. The tribal are facing many problems while cultivating ginger due to unavailability of quality seed Demonstration Plot of Ginger in

a TribalVillage material coupled with high-seed cost and low yields. An amount of Rs.5,850/acre has been spent solely on seed during peak season. With the intervention of Pro-tray nursery for Ginger cultivation, the cost on seed was brought down to Rs.14,500, thus a reduction of Rs.44,000 per acre resulting in an additional net income of Rs.54,400 per acre over conventional method.

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10) Entrepreneurship DevelopmentThrough Value-Addition to Millets in Kadapa Millets are produced in Kadapa on large scale. Skill development training was provided to rural women on value-addition to millets and creating wide market to the products developed generated employment to rural women. So far nearly 80 product technologies has been given to nearly 2,000 women at district and state wide to take up enterprising. Two male farmers and 20 women are sustaining in agri - enterprising in Kadapa. Not less than 100 women in district and state-level have taken up home scale production. The production of millets like Ragi and Korra has been increased to a Mr. P. Premanand, Agripreneur receiving award from Prime Minister remarkable extent in Y.S.R district. KVK

of India established a unit for processing of millets, vegetables and fruits which is a training-cum-Incubation Centre. Rural and urban SHGs are trained for skill development in value-addition to millets, fruits and vegetables. There are about 20 women groups as KVK promoted entrepreneurs. Different products are allotted to each one. To market the products, outlets have been created at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Science and Rythu Bazar, Kadapa. The women groups are given opportunity to place their products in the outlets for sale. For 4 years, this value chain is maintained with start-up of Rs.14, 000 per month and increased to Rs.4 Lakh per month turnover.

Mr. P. Premanand, an agripreneur, successfully completed 6 years in agri-processing. He took technical support from KVK – for multi-grain atta, pongal mix, upma ravva, nutrimalt, multi-grain snack mix, flax seed, PBR mixture, barley mixture, GG mixture, MV mixture. He got admitted into PMEGP scheme for Rs. 25lakhs with 35% subsidy. Given employment to 10 members. Received awards from Sri. Narendra Modi, present Prime Minister of India in Vibrant Agri Summit and from KSMBOA, Bengaluru for emerging SME of the year in customer satisfaction and he supplies nutrimalt to 260 government residential school children (72,000 thousand children) as a substitute to Tea/ Coffee & to SVIMS, Tirupati for 160 chronic patients.

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11) Sorghum Fodder, CSH 24 MF, Increased Milk Yield and Benefited the Farmers in AnantapuramuDistrict. Adikeshava Naidu from Bandlapalle village in Penukonda mandal in Anantapuramu district has been having great success with CSH 24 MF sorghum green fodder. He has 2 milch buffaloes and before the Rythu Kosam project, he was getting only4-litermilk/buffalo/day with fat content of 7 per cent. As a part of the RythuKosam project in 2015, the farmer received the new variety of sorghum and has been reaping rewards ever since. After feeding the new variety mixed with other varieties of green fodder, he received 6 liter milk/buffalo/day with fat content 7.5 per cent. The net income increase was Rs.2,400/buffalo and almost Rs.5,000/month from the two milch animals. The overall milk yield has now increased by 120 litres/month from the two milch animals. With increased fat content, he sells the milk at Rs.40/litre. 13) Exchange of Breeding Rams for Weight Improvement There is a problem of inbreeding in grazing sheep under extension system of sheep farming since the same breeding ram is allowed to cross both dam and its lamb. The animal husbandry department of Andhra Pradesh is now encouraging traditional sheep farmers to exchange breeding rams among themselves at village level to check the inbreeding problems hampering sheep productivity and health status Sri Balu Naik of Lachambavi village in Guntur district has taken initiative in providing several physical facilities in the village for sheep farmers which encouraged them to come forward to follow ram exchange scheme. By contributing as 50% subsidy of Rs.10,000/- it is possible to adopt exchange of rams above 4 years old. This practice has resulted in 15% improved weight gain in the progeny born to the exchanged rams. All the traditional sheep farmers are joining this scheme having seen the benefits on their own, besides the program became a routine operation being convincing and convenient to join on every Saturday in a week being a sheep market day.

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14) Azolla Feed for Improved Milk Yield This program was initiated to have assured green fodder supply to milking cows and buffaloes. Azolla is a green algae and easily adopted for lush-green yield with a 7-10 per cent protein, 25-30 per cent minerals on dry basis, in addition to be a rich source of beta carotene and Vitamin B12 with easy digestibility and good palatability. Feeding of Azolla could reduce the cost of milk production by 20-25 per cent besides increased butter fat and SNF contents with an additional income generation of Rs.1/- to Rs.1.50/- per litre of milk produced.

Sri Tamanki Venkateswara Rao of Vimireddipalli village of Vissannapeta mandalam of Krishna district contributed his share of Rs.5,000/- out of unit cost of Rs.10,000/- by constructing one Azolla Pond. He has been successfully feeding Azolla to his two buffaloes with an increased milk yield of 15 per cent with a simultaneous increase of 2 per cent in butter fat content.

15) Drip System for Papaya – Higher Income In Nimmalapalli mandal, J. Krishna Reddy of Chintaparthivaripalli village has raised papaya with drip. The expenditure incurred was Rs.62,800/- with a traditional variety whereas the income was Rs.1,80,000/- given a net income of Rs.1,25,00/-.

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16) Direct Seeding of Onion – Reduces Cost In Kurnool district, a farmer P.G. Chillappa of Gudur village and mandal has adopted district sowing of onion with planter and irrigated with drip and total cost incurred was Rs.30,000/- whereas gross income was Rs.2,10,000/- gaining a net income of Rs.1,80,000/- with yield of 70 qtls/acre.

17) Percolation Tank Promotes Crop Yield and Increases Income As part of NRM activities of Integrated Watershed Management Program (IWMP), a percolation tank was constructed at Kotarangi Village in Tarlakota Micro watershed of Tarlakota Project in Palasa Mandal, Srikakulam District. There are about 33 habitations in this village. It is a border village close to the hilly forest area. Whenever there is rain, large amount of water flowing from the forest area pass through the farmers’ field as runoff and go out as waste into the nearby drains. Along with the running water valuable top soil with plant nutrients is also lost. During the watershed committee meeting, the watershed project staff have explained to the villagers about the benefits of harvesting the rainwater, which is going waste, by way of constructing a percolation tank. They have explained to the community that a percolation tank was a small water storage structure constructed across a water course to harvest the rainwater runoff from the catchment and impound for longer time to facilitate percolation of impounded water in to the soil substrata both vertically and laterally there by recharging ground water storage in the tank influence zone. The community got convinced about the benefits of the percolation tank.

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During the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) transit walk, the village community have identified suitable location called Bhagalathsa Konda as a proper place for construction of percolation tank. The Watershed Development Team facilitated the watershed committee in the technical aspects of the percolation tank. Proposal for sanction was made for the percolation tank and got approval from the IWMP authorities during 2011-12. The percolation Tank was constructed with a total cost of Rs.5,12,584/- The water storage capacity of the percolation tank is 4000 cubic metres.

The farmers said that the percolation tank gets filled up several times during the rainy season and the tank is always full during the months from July to December every year. Even during summer there is water in the percolation tank. The percolation tank is helping the farmers in many ways. It is recharging the groundwater to a considerable extent. Farmers could see 30-35 percent increase in the water levels in the wells and bore wells around the tank. There are round 10 wells and bore-wells in the influence zone of the percolation tank. The farmers are growing crops like paddy, pulses, ragi, vegetables etc. around the percolation tank. Prior to digging of percolation tank there was insufficient water in the wells and bore wells and most of them were drying during summer. They told that after construction of percolation tank, the area under irrigation increased by 30 per cent and the yield of crops increased by more than 50 percent due to assured water in the wells. Before the construction of the percolation tank the paddy crop yield was around 8-10 bags and after the construction of the tank the paddy yield increased to 20 bags per acre and the farmer`s income increased by about Rs.15,000/- to Rs.20,000/- per acre.

The other benefits of percolation tank are, change in the micro-environment and more greenery is seen around the percolation tank. It is serving as drinking water source for the nearby forest animals and birds, particularly in summer. The village community expressed their gratitude to the IWMP project officials and the Government for providing this percolation tank under IWMP.

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18) Trellies Production of Vegetables for High Quality Growing vegetables on permanent on trellies: Mr. N. Venkataramana farmer from the village Kummalapalli of Vepada mandal, Viziangaram District was identified by the Dept. of Horticulture who used to grow vegetables in a traditional way without providing trellies. This method of growing vegetables used to lead high in incidence of disease and pests and the productivity and quality was also very poor there by getting less returns from the farm land. He has adopted drip irrigation and used organic methods of plant protection and the cucurbit vegetables were raised on the trellies and under the trelliescabbage, cauliflower and okra was raised. The expenditure incurred for raising the crop with organic fertilizers and other organic inputs is Rs.1,08,000 whereas the income is Rs.5,97,500. The net income is Rs.4,89,500 after investing for the cost of trillies and got ‘Uttama Rythu Award from the Department of Horticulture.

19) Milking Machines for Reduced Manual Labour and Time Saving Sri Bojja Mahalakshmi Naidu is a progressive thinking dairy farmer from K. Kotapadu village of Visakhapatnam district and running a dairy with 20 crossbreed dairy cows. By contributing from his share of Rs.28,875/- he has procured a double bucket milking machine which could mechanically able to milk 200 liters per day. This helped him in improving his annual income by Rs.52,000/- through labour and time saving measures adopted.

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20) Curry Leaf – Organic Production a Successful Venture In Aagiripalli village a group of farmers were organized as a society at the initiative of the Dept. of Horticulture. The farmers were trained for producing organic curry leaf and the crop management. The society has a tieup with a nutraceutical company for buyback of the shade dried leaf and the area is about 52 acres. Further, it is proposed to have similar tieup for moringa leaf (shade dried).

21) Check Dam Saved Water and Increased the Income There are 45 families living in NoZgada village (Micro watershed) of Manda Project, Seethampet Mandalam, Srikakulam District. Lot of rainwater from the sloppy lands in the upper reaches and hilly areas in the micro-watershed area was going waste as run off in to the drain causing erosion resulting in loss of fertile soil every year. As a result the ground water level is drastically decreased. Though the soils of this village are fairly suitable for cultivation of crops, the yields are low resulting in poor income to the farmers as the crops are grown as rain dependent and suffer due to loss of wetness in the soil. Under the IWMP, the watershed project was sanctioned to this village during 2012-13 and the villagers felt very happy. During the PRA, the community identified the location for construction of check dam near SaYara papparamma lands. The same was discussed at the time of Grama Sabha with the Watershed Team and finally decided to request the Watershed Authorities for according sanction for construction of check dam. Then, a request was made to the Government and got the approval and the check dam was constructed at the identified location. The storage capacity of the check dam is 300cu.m. It is getting filled up 4-5 times during the season. Using the water from the check dam, 20 farmers around are growing paddy, ragi, maize, vegetables in an area of 22.5 ac.

275 | Page Before the check dam they were growing only 8 to 10 ac. After the construction of the check dam the water levels in the wells around check dam also increased substantially. The yield level of all crops also increased. The increase in yield of paddy was from 12.5 to 18.50 q per acre, ragi from 2.6 to 4.4q per acre, tomato from 12 to 22q per acre and brinjal from 10.2 to 20.60 q per acre. The average income to the farmers increased from around Rs.15,400/- to Rs.26,500/-.

The villagers expressed their gratitude to the Government for sanctioning Watershed programme to their village.

22) Mango Pruning – Boosts Production The farmer Mr. Ravidra Reddy of Vellamaddi village of Nallamada mandal hasadopted pruning of mango in 1 h with 8 years age. The pruning was adopted. The total expenditure wasRs.75,000 with this pruning yield of 8 t/h was achieved. The net income generated was Rs.2,45,000 compared to Rs.1,50,000 in the normal way.

23) Crop Diversification with Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica) in Kurnool District Cotton and pigeon pea were the main crops grown in Yagantipalle village during kharif season. Most of the crops got affected due to late onset of monsoon, followed by dry-spells during critical stages of crop growth, which in turn severely affected the crop yields. The short Crop Diversification withFoxtailMillet village duration millets viz., Foxtail millet (SIA 3085, Suryanandi) varieties with 70-75 days duration and tolerance to drought and downy mildew were introduced in place of jowar and cotton in 25 acres in 2011 Kharif. Due to late onset of Monsoon (Third week of July) the crops experienced prolonged dry spells during crop growth period. Cotton could not be taken up due to late onset of

276 | Page monsoon. Jowar was sown but it was affected with terminal moisture stress. These varieties of foxtail millet could escape drought due to its shorter duration and could yield net income of about Rs.36,879/- whereas the net income for cotton farmers was only Rs.6,594/- during Kharif2015.

At present, the area of fox tail millet in the village is more than 1200acres.Thesustainable performance of foxtail millet coupled with market price is attracting the rainfed farmers of Prakasam, Kadapa, and Anantapuramu and Kurnool district of Andhra

Pradesh. The weather forecast is used by IMD and SeedProducti advisories by KVK scientists about deficient rainfall made farmers to grow foxtail millet as a climate resilient crop.

24) Backyard Poultry as Successful Venture Backyard poultry farming is picking up popularity among people of tribal belt in agency area, since the fowls distributed are liked by tribal population due to dual purpose nature besides plumage being coloured. Mrs Killore Jamuna’s successful story is a classical example of this new venture. She invested an amount of Rs.810/- as her share out of total cost of the scheme amounting to Rs.3,750/- that includes erection of night shelter, feed cost, water troughs for the foundation flock of 45 birds. She was cultivating turmeric and vegetable crops in half acre of land she has and earning Rs.5,000/- per year. She started this new farming in her agriculture land and multiplied her stock by hatching eggs at home and could able to earn Rs.37,600/- through sale of chicks in addition to Rs.23,000/- by rearing and selling male stock during 2017. She still possesses 52 female fowls and 10 cocks as fixed asset as additional benefit.

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25) Sunandini Programme as a Successful Nutritional Intervention Nutritional intervention is the major contributor to advancement of livestock enterprise. Sunandini is one of the recently introduced successful and farmer-friendly programmes in which 4- 5 months aged female calves are introduced with a contribution of Rs.2,500/- per calf by the beneficiary. Sri Mallempati Leela Krishna Prasad of Vakkalegadda village of Yelamanchali mandal in Visakhapatnam district joined the program with a female calf aged 3 months. With the support of balanced feeding calf at the age of 24 months attained adequate body weight of 279kg which drastically reduced the age at maturity. This program is also aimed to reduce calf mortality, coupled with increased milk yield.

26) Improvised Method of Introducing Seed Prawn Fingerlings in the Tank Water with Ease of Adoption A progressive aqua farmer, Sri Mallikarjuna Reddy of Gangapatnam village, Indukurupeta mandam of SPS Nellore district has successfully developed and practiced an easy way of adopting seed prawns meant for multiplication through village tanks. The method involves keeping of fingerlings in polythene bags filled with 3 liters of water for 1-2 hours before leaving them in to tanks preferably during cool hours of morning/evening already enriched with a mixture of rice/wheat flour (15%), jaggery (15%), groundnut cake (10%), rice bran (10%) and yeast (1%) and fermented for 36-48 hours. This uniformly mixed feed source was added to the tank water two days before leaving the fingerlings in to tank water and at weekly intervals after addition. This system of feed supply not only served as a source of

278 | Page nutritious feed but also acted as a probiotic and substantially reduced the cost of feeding. He recommends usage of this new feed resource by cutting short of regular feeding frequency by one meal. The farmer obtained an additional income of Rs.1,40,000/- per acre of tank area with increased productivity coupled with reduced expenditure on feed cost. The expenditure: cost ratio has been worked out to be 1:1.75 through the improvised method compared to 1:1.59 noticed under conventional system followed hitherto by the aqua farmers.

27) Red Lady Papaya with Drip for High Income From the village Pangidigudem of Dwaraka Tirumala mandal B. Veerabhadra Rao has installed drip irrigation and raised red lady variety of papaya which resulted yield of 100 t/h. The expenditure incurred is Rs.3,26,000/- whereas Rs.7,00,000 was the income. The net income from papaya with drip is Rs.3,74,000 whereas by traditional method the net income was Rs.2,32,000/-. 28) Straw Baler – Easy Way This example describes in brief the success story of Sri Majara of Papireddygaripalli of Sundlapalli village, Tamballapalli mandal of Chittoor district, a graduate farmer having faith in the mechanization of labour intensive livestock farming. He developed an economical and practicable model of straw collection, baling and storing, using mechanical force. To achieve this, he purchased a straw baling machine called as ‘Straw Baler’ on 50% subsidy basis. He first used the machine to meet his own requirements to bale the paddy straw at the time of harvesting. The boiler is capable of bundling 16-20kg straw. He started leasing out the boiler to the needy farmers by charging Rs.20/- per bundle with an average production of 35 bundles per acre.

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The leased amount per acre worked out to be Rs.700/- which is cost effective as compared to Rs.1,000 to Rs.1,200/- incurred by engaging manual labour force of 8 workers to undertake the work. The technique became so popular that he could extend the area under baling of straw to 650 acres within the first 2 years of operation and intends to extend the area under operation to 1,000 acres involving the neighbouring mandals of Nellore district. Through this new venture, he has proved that the baled straw is palatable for livestock feeding disproving the wrong notion that the straws in baled farm are unpalatable.

29) Rice Forecast Helped in Reaping the Incomes The quantity of cotton held by the sample farmers as on December was 670 Qtl and the price that prevailed was Rs.3,200 per Qtl and traders were there quite willing to buy. The advice that was provided by Agricultural Marketing Intelligence Centre (AMIC) to them was to postpone the disposal till the last week of January and February. It made the farmers to rethink on their decision anticipating higher prices. The total quantity of cotton produced by sample farmers was 670 Qtl and as result of the advice extended to them by AMIC they have disposed 602 Qtl in January and 68 during Qtl February at Rs.4,963 and Rs.5,500 per quintal respectively.

The revenue that was generated as a result of the selling decision by the farmers was Rs.29,87,726 and Rs.3,74,000 in January and February respectively. Had the farmers sold in December they would have obtained an amount of Rs.21,44,000 only from the production they realized. But the market intelligence, helped the farmers to receive an incremental of Rs.12,17,726, which was about Rs.21,697 / ha.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANGRAU: http://angrau.ac.in/angrau/ AP- Agriculture Statistics at a Glance 2017-18, https://core.ap.gov.in/CMDashBoard/Download/Publications/Agrl.%20at%20a%20 Glance%202017-18-Provisional.pdf AP Economy in brief - 2018 APLDA: http://aplda.ap.gov.in/ CIPHET: https://www.ciphet.in/ CLRI: https://www.clri.org/ CMFRI: http://www.cmfri.org.in/ CRIDA: http://www.crida.in/ CSRTI: Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore; RSRS: Regional Sericultural Research Station; REC: Research CTRI: https://www.ctri.org.in/ Department of Animal Husbandry, https://ahd.aponline.gov.in/AHMS/Views/Home.aspx Department of Horticulture, http://horticulture.ap.nic.in/ Department of Sericulture, AP, http://www.csrtimys.res.in/clusters/andhra- pradesh DPR: http://www.moef.nic.in/division/dpr GOI: https://www.india.gov.in http://angrau.ac.in/angrau/ http://apfisheries.cgg.gov.in/ http://apvision.ap.gov.in/vision-target.php http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND028_ Andhra%20Pradesh.pdf http://fsi.nic.in/forest-report-2017 http://iwmp.ap.gov.in http://kisan.gov.in/(S(pa2rqjbpz45s3xophx0zjykw))/fisheries/fisheries_reports/default. aspx

281 | Page http://www.apagrisnet.gov.in/ http://www.apagrisnet.gov.in/ &http://angrau.ac.in/angrau/ http://www.apsdps.ap.gov.in/pages/early_warning_maps/vulnerability_maping_flood .html http://www.dahd.nic.in/& https://ahd.aponline.gov.in http://www.svvu.edu.in/ http://www.zpd5hyd.nic.in/ https://ahd.aponline.gov.in https://core.ap.gov.in/cmdashboard/Download/Publications/District%20at%20Glanc e%20-%202018.pdf https://core.ap.gov.in/cmdashboard/UserInterface/Horticulture/HorticultureAreaAnd ProductionReports.aspx https://irrigationap.cgg.gov.in/wrd/home https://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/andhra+pradesh.html https://www.census2011.co.in/district.php https://www.drysrhu.edu.in/ https://www.nddb.coop/sites/default/files/NDDB-AP-04-05.pdf MoFPI: http://mofpi.nic.in/ NARS: http://www.naro.go.ug/data/smenu/4/NARS.html NBAGR: http://www.nbagr.res.in/ NMAET: http://agricoop.nic.in/sites/default/files/Chapter%20on%20NMAET%20for %20all%20Guidelines_1.pdf NMOOP: https://nmoop.gov.in/ SFCI: sfci.nic.in/ SMSRI: http://rkvyap.cgg.gov.in/documents/downloads/Project_Proposals_2012- 13/Agriculture/2.%20Farm%20Mechanization/2.%20SMSRI%20%20Centres.pdf Socio-economic survey – AP 2016-17 Socio-economic survey- AP.2017-18, https://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/Downloads/Socio%20Economical%20Survey %20%202017-18.pdf Socio-Economic Survey, AP – 2017-18

282 | Page

Soil Health Management under National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) WASSAN: http://www.wassan.org/

283 | Page

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   CLIMATE RESILENT ZERO BUDGET NATURAL FARMING ON-GOING PROJECT (2019-20)

Brief Summary

The Government of Andhra Pradesh, Department of Agriculture, has been implementing Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) through Rythu Sadhikara Samstha (RySS). The long-term vision is to cover the entire state and ensure 60 lakh farmers practice ZBNF. Through this programme, the GoAP is trying to address the severe agriculture distress of a typical farmer. One of the important aims of the programme is to reduce the cost of cultivation reduce risks associated with farming, increase the yields and produce healthy and nutritious food for consumers.

The programme is being funded under RKVY and PKVY - the Central Assistance to State Development Plan Schemes of Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of India.

The key elements of the programme are: • Farmer-to-farmer knowledge dissemination throughCommunity Resource Persons (CRPs) who are themselves best practicing farmers involvement of Women Self-Help Groups in managing the extension work. • Human-mediated digital extension programmewhere in videosare produced by the community and are shown to the farmers through Pico-projectors in each village. • The entire programme is tracked through ICT-driven MIS system, and is meant to inform the management about the progress of the programme and suggest corrective measures if any.

A major highlight of the implementation is the inspirational training by Shri Subhash Palekar, who is regarded asthe father of ZBNF, has been provided to farmers. Till now large scale-trainings have already been provided by Shri Palekar under the aegis of Government of AP.

The programme with the support of RKVY scheme has been launched in the year 2015- 16 in704 villages in 131 clusters. After the preparation phase in 2015-16, the programme implementation commenced in2016-17 and the program will complete 3 years in 2018-19. The programmeduration is till 2021-22. In 2018-19, the following results have been achieved.

1. A total of 2,35,315 farmers (in 163, 899 acres) have been reached. Out of this:

A. Already practicing ZBNF: 97,820 farmers I 96,511 acres B. Newly enrolled this year: 74,450 farmers I 67,388 acres C. Number of landless laborers: 63,045

2. Women SHGs (29,699) have passed resolutions in their groups to help the family - both men& women, to plan and implement ZBNF, individually and collectively.

362 3. Massive verification exercise to verify the farms has beencommissioned inOctober/November 2018 as part of community-led monitoring system.

4. Community Resource Persons (both internal and external) and Natural FarmingFellows are being positioned after training to saturate all villages In RKVY clusters.

5. 7,041 men SHGs are formed.

6. The results of Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs) conducted in Kharif2017 reported reduction in the cost of cultivation in all the cases and in 88% of the CCEs an increase in yield has been reported compared to a Non-ZBNF farm under similar conditions. An independent agency (Centre for Economic and Social Studies in partnership with Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute) has taken up CCEs this year. Assessment for Kharif2018 is under progress.

The total cost of the programme to cover in 5000 sub clusters (as per RKVY’ -GOI norms) is Rs.450.57 crore, the proposed budget from Andhra Pradesh for the year 2019-20 is 186.64 crore for approval through RKVY - Central Assistance to State Schemes of Ministry ofAgriculture, Government of India. Context/Background

a. Successful implementation and scaling up of Natural farming practices through women self-help groups in Andhra Pradesh from 2005-06 over a period of 10 years laid pathway clearly for addressing the looming crisis in Agriculture.

b. Adopting the Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) methodology as suggested by PadmasriSubhashPalekar and experiences of thousands of ZBNF farmers across the Country is central to achieving this vision. ZBNF meets all the criteria required toachieve our vision. It offers reduction in costs, increase in yields, higher unit price realization, and healthy soils so that the future of agriculture is sustained. In addition, this system offers healthy chemical free food to the consumers.

c. It is abundantly clear that without climate change resilient agriculture, future offarming is very bleak. The current external input ’chemical agriculture’ driven models are greatly responsible for this crisis and they certainly do not havea solution for this. ZBNF’s strength is that it is the best model in the context of climate change and global warming.

d. The strategy of achieving low cost and profitable farming by following a climatechange resilient farming model In 131 clusters has won the appreciation of many international organizations and philanthropic organizations. The following International organizations - UNEP, FAO, Government of France, World Bank, IFAD have appreciated the A.P Govt.’s strategy, which is underimplementation since last3 years.

363 e. ZBNF is a Global best practice. International organizations like the U.N and F.A.O are advocating ‘agroecology’ approach for achieving global food security by 2050. The challenges to food security that are foreseen are: increase in global population to 9.7 billion, reduction in arable areas (due to urbanization and industrialization), and the most important challenge of climate change and global warming. Agriculture is the biggest victim of climate change. Hence the challenge is to develop and practice agriculture practices which are climate change resilient and which are either carbon neutral or carbon negative.

f. Agro ecology has been recommended bythem foradoption byall the countries, since it meets the criteria of being climate change resilient. ZBNF is the best example in our country’s context (tropical climate) of agro ecology based farming.

Problems to be addressed

a. Present socio-economic situation of cultivator farmers. A typical cultivator farmer (land owner or tenant) in the State today is in severe agriculture distress. The situation isworse for a small and marginal farmer in rain fed agriculture. He/she is trapped in a vicious cycle of high indebtedness, high cost agriculture, and uncertain returns both production wiseand price realization wise. The problem gets worse with a ’bad’ year - since the farmer takes a bigger risk the next year to recoup his/her losses. The uncertainties in climate on account of global warming are making livelihoods even more riskier. b. In addition, there are other costs of enjoying a decent quality of life - shelter, education, health, etc. These costs are increasing at a pace higher than the returns from Agriculture. c. The results from this phase will enable the State Govt. to evolve and implement a comprehensive strategy for the whole state covering all the villages and all the farmers in 8 to 10 years.

Aims and Objectives

Improving livelihoods of farmers, with a special focus on small and marginal farmers and landless poor in the State - a focused intervention in 704 villages of the State reaching out to2,50,000 farmers directly.

The Key Elements of the Strategy a. Climate resilient ‘Zero budget natural farming’, an agro-ecology approach, as the core strategy b. Knowledge dissemination through - farmer-to-farmer experience sharing c. Building strong farmer’s institutions - Women SHGs, Farmer SHGs, village federation of SHGs and farmer producer organizations for solidarity, knowledgedissemination, credit, risk management and for marketing - through leveraging the social capital of Women Self-help Groups. d. Extensive use of videos and other ICTs in knowledge dissemination, monitoring farmer practices, promoting traceability, etc.

364 Target Beneficiaries

2,50,000 farmers of whom majority are small and marginal covering 131 no. of clusters covering 117 mandals and 704 villages. A cluster consists of 5 GPs. It takes 5 years to saturate into all 5 GPs in a Cluster. However, the work has begun in 2016-17 and it is a 5 year programme.

Programme Target in a typical Gram Panchayat: 400 (80%) farm families.

• 40 Farmer SHGs • 2 VFFs (Village Farmers Federations) • 1 CFF (Cluster Farmers Federation) for 5 GPs • 2 Active/Lead Farmers (1 man, 1 woman) per 10 Farm Families • 20 Master Farmers/Community Resource Persons (10 men, 10 women) • 2 ZBNF input/output Enterprises

Management a. Identification and training the resource persons from among best practicing farmers in Zero Budget Natural Farming. b. Each Cluster shall have: a. 2 CRPs (Community Resource Persons, Farmer Experts) at cluster level b. 5 CRPs (Community Resource Persons) per cluster@ one per GP b. 25 ICRPs (Internal CRPs) @ 5 per GP (Gram Panchayat) GP again divided in to c. 5 zones @ 1 ICRP per each zone d. d. 1 NFF (Natural Farming Fellow) e. 1 SMP (Social Mobilization Professional) c. The 2 Cluster level CRPs, mentioned above are best practicing farmers and they work for 21 - 22 days in each round, mobilize farmers into ZBNF and train farmers on need based inputs i.e. Preparation of botanical extracts, Ghana/Drava Jeevamrutham etc., & promote NADEPs, SRI cultivation, RFSA methods etc. d. Farming Action Plans are prepared farmer wise in both Kharif and Rabi seasons are facilitated through women SHGs. e. New mode of extension with the help of Digital Green Foundation for production of Videos on botanical extracts, soilfertility management, successstories etc., and disseminate in villages with the help of Pico Projectors. f. Institution Building and capacity building by organizing farmers into Rythu MitraGroups (RMGs), Village Level Federations to bring sustainable improvements in the quality of life of farmers in 131 Organic Clusters of A.P. through Orvakal Mandal Podupu Lakshmi lkya Sangham (OMPLIS), Orvakal (V&M), Kurnool District.

365 g. Monitoring the Program by DPMU (District Project Monitoring Unit) &SPMU (StateProject Monitoring Unit) and through community led monitoring system.

Finance

The programme in 131 clusters of Andhra Pradesh is being funded under RKVY - the Central Assistance to State Schemes of Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of India. The programme duration is till 2021-22.

The financial outlay assessed for implementation of project in 5000 sub clusters under RKVYcovering 2.50 lakh farmers spread over 3 years as per PKVY norms is Rs.450.57 Crores.

Budgetary requirement for development of ZBNF clusters of1 lakh haarea in 03 Years as per PKVY norms is as indicated in the table below.

Rs. In Lakh Component 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total Development of 5000 clusters in 100000 ha 15265.72 14895.64 14895.64 45,057.00

The budget receivedfrom 2015-16 to 2017-18 was Rs.118.33 Crores. Forthe year 2018-19 the requirement proposed is Rs.156.25 Cr and approved was Rs.63.00 Crores. In view of in sufficient allocations during 2018-19, some important components like Livelihood Support Fund, POPs etc. couldnot beimplemented and the requirement for 2019-20 is increased. The budget proposed for 2019-20 is Rs.186.64 Crores (Summary of activities are provided as annex).

Timeframe for saturating a village and farmer’s holding

GoAP’s approach is to saturate each village in 3 years from the year of entry into that village. The plan is to reach more than 80% (400 farmers) of the village by year 3.

A Typical Farmer’s Adoption Pattern Whole Village Approach Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 1/4th ½ Full area 15% 50% >80%

Each farmer takes 3 years to cover entire holding. In 5 years, the village becomes a ’bio-village’.Progress of a farmer to 100% ZBNF farmer

[Year 1] Farmer is introduced to ZBNF and becomes a partial ZBNF farmer.

[Year 2] Partial ZBNF farmer becomes Seed-to-Seed ZBNF farmer in 0.5 acre of her land.

366 [Year 3] S2S ZBNF farmer deepens to be Z+ Farmer and also expands the area to cover 25-50% of their land.

[Year 4] Onwards, covers entire land with ZBNF.

Accordingly, the RKVY scheme assistance isrequired until 2021-22 with possible extensionto provide ZBNF-plus services to the farmers.

Cost Benefit Analysis ZBNF has multiple benefits to farmers. Important benefits among them are: a. Reduced cost of cultivation b. Interest savings c. Higher yield d. Increase in income through intercrops e. Fairer returns f. Health and ecological benefits are additional

The benefits listed above are perpetual in nature. Costs for a single GP and the benefits for accrued by the farmers over a period of time has been analyzed. At a discount rate of7%, Cost benefit ratio comes to 13 times.

Eco-system benefits and health benefits to citizen

367 Year 1 2 3 4 5 6to 12 Farm 30 90 270 360 400 Reduced cost 13,500 14,850 16,200 18,225 20,250 Benefits from of Cultivation year 6 to 12 and Interest thereafter Savings 1,620 1,782 1,944 2,187 2,430 are:52,451 per Value of 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 year Higher Yield lntercrop Value 12,000 14,400 14,400 15,600 16,800 Fairer - 3,000 3,375 3,797 4,271 Returns Total Benefits per farmer 32,120 39,532 41,919 46,309 50,751 Benefits for 400members 9,63,600 35,57,8801,13,18,1301,66,71,1952,03,00,59414,68,64,156 in GP Indicative Costs 17,77,40021,82,00025,08,600 23,96,000 11,56,000 NPVof Benefits 9,63,600 33,25,12198,85,693 1,36,08,6611,54,87,22612,95,31,238

NPVof Costs 17,77,40020,39,25221,91,108 19,55,850 8,81,907

BC Ratio 1364%

Risk Analysis One of the important implementation risk in the project is that some farmers remain partial adopters the momentCRPs are not available in their native villages to guide them. The technical know-how is anessential elementin ZBNF. If there is non- availability of such technical know-how in their near proximity, then there is a risk of such farmers going back to non-ZBNF practices. Identifying this as one of the important risks, GoAP is now placing internal CRPs within a village atthe rate of one per every 80- 100 farmers. This allows continuous guidance to the farmers because the internal CRPs are very much in their village and are themselves practicing ZBNF farmers. Secondly thedissemination of ZBNF is happening at the women SHG level.

Outcomes a. Low cost or no cost. No input needs to be purchased from outside. All inputs are available within the village. All inputs can be made by the farmers themselves.

368 b. Zero chemical usage, Soil fertility, soil organic matter and soil carbon are restored and this in turn increases productivity. There is a continuous improvement of soil fertility. Increasing soil microbes and healthy microbiology through ‘local cow’ dung and urine based formulations. ’Local cow’ is less costly and hardier. One local cow is enough for cultivation in 30 acres of land. Pest management is through natural means - both through good agronomical practices and through use of cow dung and urine and botanicals based’kashayams’. c. Use of local seeds only - they are less costly, more productive under ZBNF, more hardy, and better for climate resilience compared to costly hybrids. Farmers can produce their own seeds. d. Less water required under ZBNF - due to mulching and ’waaphasa’ ZBNF offers an ingenious way of maximizing the usage of water vapour present in the atmosphere for plant growth, thereby significantly reducing the groundwater requirements. e. Poly crop models and incorporation of trees in Agriculture - provides yearlong income, and reduces risks. More important, the continuous green cover improves soil fertility, yields lot of mulch and reduces water losses. The income from the intercrops provides the working capital for the farmers for the main crop, and that is the rationale for calling it ’zero budget’. f. For the ultra-poor, the bottom 15%, the 5-tier, multi-tiered cropping model is a good model. Through these multi-tier models, a farmer with hisown and with family labor can realize net incomes of Rs.12000 to Rs.16000 per 1100 sft (2 Yi cents) for irrigated lands. g. Under ZBNF, crops can withstand dry spells better and longer. They also revive much better - when they get irrigation. h. Similarly, crops can withstand heavy rains i. From a climate change perspective, ZBNFis the most climate friendly, carbon neutral agriculture. j. Consumers get healthy food. There isa huge increase in domestic demand for chemical free food (growing at more than 30% per annum). k. Tremendous opportunities forexports - Vision is that AP should bea global organic hub. l. Conversion of1,00,000 haarea into organic farming over a period of 4 years.Savings on Pesticides and Fertilizers.

369 m. Farmers savings up to Rs.SO Crore. Farmers’ own funds in the farmers’ institutions and women groups/federations may exceed Rs.100 Crore for self-sustainability.

n. 2.5lakh farmers will move to low cost Natural farming with Zero consumption ofPesticides and reduced use of fertilizers.

Physical Coverage:

Reach out/Institutions 16-1818-1919-2020-2121-22 (cumulative) Clusters 131 131 131 131 131 Farmers (SF/MF, Lakh) 1.00 2.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 Ultra Poor (Lakh) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Area under ZBNF (Lakh1.00 1.73 3.00 4.00 5.00 Acres)

This Model reaches all Marginal and Small Farmers (80%) by 2019-20/2020-21, and works with them for another 2-3 years. The expected outcomes in a GP are annexed (Annexure 3)

CONCLUSION:

The financial outlay assessed for implementation of Project in 5000 sub clusters under RKVY covering 2.50 lakh farmers in 1 lakh ha area spread over 3 years as per the GOl- PKW norms is Rs.450.57 Crores.

From 2015-16 to 2017-18 the budget received under RKVY was Rs.118.33 Crores. In the year 2018-19 the requirement proposed was Rs.156.25 Cr and approved was Rs.63.00 Crores. Details of financial outlay, so far releases and further requirement under RKVY is indicated in the table below.

Rs. Crores Total Year wise Releases under RKVY Balance Financia 2015-162016-172017-182018-19 Total Requireme Outlay Allocatio 450.57 34.04 38.38 45.91 63.00 181.33 269.24

In view of in sufficient allocations during 2018-19, the requirement for 2019-20 is increased to Rs.186.64 Crores. Hence GOI is requested to allocate the same to implement ZBNF Project in 131 clusters (5000 sub clusters) so as to reach 2,50,000 farmers of whom majority are small and marginal covering 117 mandals and 704 villages under RKVY during 2019-20. RKVY budget allocations (Component wise) proposed and Summary of the activities 2019-20are annexed (Annexure 1 &2). 370 ANNEXURE 1 Budget requirement proposed for 2019-20 and Component wise breakup is as below. RKVY Project - Promotion of ZBNF in 131 clusters /5000 sub-clusters (2019-20) ,. S.No Particul Unit No.of Amou ars Type Units nt CAP·ACITYBUILDING{CB) a. Material for Capacity Building SC 3000 4,95,89,322 (Primers, Modules,Video b. CRPs 750 1,23,97,331 DVDs,PicoProjectors,etc.) Developing external CRPs for c. CapacityBuildingofLead/ActiveFarme Lead 30000 9,91,78,645 rs Farmer d. Capacity Buildingof Cluster Cadres SC 375 1,48,76,797 and Master Farmers including Fortnightlyvisits to Fields (TrainingofTrainers/ResourcePersons, 0 Cluster e. On Farm FarmerTrainings/Method SC 75 45,3,7,42,30 Demonstrations at cluster level 5 (aboutSGPs) Campaigns,BroadcastsandKalajathas, Field Demonstrations, Farmer trainings including Farmer Field Schools through 1 Farmer experts (LlCRP), 1 Social Mobilization Professional (ll), 1ProfessionalFacilitator(NFF),5GPfacilit ators (L2CRPs),25zonal/sub- CBSUBTOTAL 62,97,84,40 II. INSTITUTIONBUILDING(18)ANDFU NDSTOINSTITUTIONS a. InstitutionBuilding- Farmer 150000 4,71,09,856 RMGs/VillageFarmer s Federations/CFFs/FarmerProducer Institutionbuilding,&Capacitybuilding ofRythu MitraGroups(RMGs),VillageFarmer b. LivelihoodsSupportFund(50%subsidy)t Farmer 150000 49,58,93,224 o s c. 50%SubsidytosupportPoorestofthePoo Farmer 30000 5,95,07,187 r s - IBSUBTOTAL -- 60,25,10,267 Ill. Subsidy/Supportforaccesstoinputs,tool Farmer 150000 19,83,57,290 setc., s

371 \ [ZBNF Shops, Custom Hiring Centers, Cattle IV. PGS Certification, Quality Assurance, Farmers 150000 21,32,34,086 Tracking Certification including Internal Control System, inspections, farmer diaries; Cluster Management/Supervision including Multi- ., Cluster Coordinators, ICT-based Farmer, Farm and Process Tracking, Scientists’ Visits to Farms/Field, Planning, Facilitation Support by v. Marketing CB and Marketing Support Farmers 150000 19,33,98,357 Marketing CB (Handholding support to Farmers and their institutions in Marketing through S SRPs/District); Marketing/Sales Support including melas, Trade Fairs and Buyer-seller TOTAL IN THE FIELD 1,83, VI. Technical Support and Overall Programme Farmers 150000 2,91,58,522 Management beyond the Cluster including DPMU, SPMU-TSU GRAND TOTAL 1,86,64,42,922

372 \ ANNEXURE 2 SUMMARY OF THE ACTIVITIES FOR 2019-20 I. Capacity Building of Stakeholders:

A. A. Material for Capacity Building: Several communication materials on ZBNF will be distributed in shape of Pamphlets, CDs, DVDs, Pen drives. Printing literature on Organic farming, Rainfed farming, Botanical extracts, Soil fertility management etc. Different modules development, Procurement of Pico projectors etc. A comprehensive resource book of ZBNF package of practices developed with the collaborative effort of the Dept. of Agriculture, RySS, RNGOs and ZBNFfarmers and Primers developed will be distributed to ICRPs. Proposed allocation for 2019-20 is Rs.495 Lakhs.

B. Development of External CRPs for scaling up in the GP: It is proposed Rs.123.97 lakhs

C. Capacity building of Lead/Active farmers: Intensive trainings on ZBNF to learn and promote Natural Farming practices so as to prevent farmers from investing high input costs in farming on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. State level TOTs/ Regional level TOTs on ZBNF are plannedto intensify Natural Farming practices in 131clusters in 13 Districts of APby Sri. SubhashPalekar, who is well known for his commitment to empower farmers in distress to position themselves as Farmers’ Community Master Trainers. The trained farmers/officers will serve as informal human resource to contribute to the growth of human capital for Natural/Organic Farming in Andhra Pradesh. It is proposed to organize TOTs on ZBNF by Sri. SubhashPalekar, The budget proposed is Rs.991 Lakhs.

D. Capacity building of Cluster cadres and Master Farmers including fortnightly visitsto fields: Intensive orientation, training, monitoring and communication programs are planned at different levels i.e., State level, District level & Village level to officers and farmers during Pre Kharif, Kharif and Rabi crop seasons. Budget proposed is Rs.148.76Lakhs. E. On Farm Farmer Trainings/Method Demonstrations at cluster level (about 5, GPs):The Financial allocations proposed for On farm Farmer Trainings/ Method. Demonstrations at cluster level for 2019-20 budget proposed is Rs.4537 Lakhs. • Campaigns, Kalajathas, Field Demonstrations Farmer trainings including farmer field schools will be organized through farmer experts/community cadres. • Best practicing farmers in Non-Pesticide Management and ZBNF practices are positioned in clusters as Farmer Experts. There are different Category of Farmer Experts/ Community cadres:

a. CRPs @ 2 or 1 per cluster are the lynchpins of the whole programme. They work for 22 days in each round and focus onhorizontal and vertical growth by conducting Farmer Field schools and field Demonstrations. b. Social mobilization Professional (Ll) c. CAs @1/cluster for monitoring the program at cluster level d. One Young Professional per clusterhaving technical knowledge will be positioned at cluster level e. 25 zonal /sub village farmer facilitators (L3 ZCRPs) at village level/Vo level.Apart from motivating the farmers to adopt ZBNF, the CRPs important

373 \ role is to identify enthusiastic farmers in the cluster at the rate of1 per 10 farmers and develop them as ’best practitioners’ and future trainer farmers. Each cluster is expected to generate 200 best practitioners -cum- master trainers. This human resource is critical for scaling up. The strategy being adopted will look at how best these farmers can be capacitated. • Identification of masterfarmers byconducting field verification once a year. • Induction training to master farmers for 15 days @ Rs. 750/head/day • Payment of Honorarium/Stipend during the Fellowship Period of one year

f. 10 sub village 18 facilitators

II. Institution Building a. Institution Building (RMGs/Village Farmer Federations/Farmer ProducerOrganizations) • At village level Men- Farmer groups will be formed with small, marginal and tenant farmers. Each Farmer household will berepresented by 2 members - head of the household and spouse. In case of women headed households, it would be the head of house hold and adult dependent son/daughter. • The Village farmer’s organization of Rythu Mitra Groups called Village level farmers’ federation (VFF) will be the main implementation platform of the program at village level. • The Village level farmers’ federation (VFF) will federate at cluster level into a Farmer Producer Organization (F.P.O) representing around 1500 farmers. The F.P.0 will organize the production and maintain internal control systems and take up marketing. • The RMGs and VFFs will be organized and strengthened to function as true member owned organizations with the help ofexperienced Community trainers. These trainers will be chosen from amongthe best leaders of village level and Mandal level SHG federations. These trainers will be those who have had a long experience of organizing groups and running them effectively. • At the district levelthere will be district level association ofthe Farmer ProducerOrganizations, the District level Farmers federation. • Community monitoring at all levels - the Village level subcommittee at village level will monitorthe program. Similarly, therewill be Cluster level subcommittee and district level subcommittee for monitoring and reviewing the progress of work the Mentors at different levels. • Formation of FPOs: 131 FPOs will be formed@ one FPOfor one cluster representing 1500- 2000 farmers. The objective of this component is to address the issues of investments, lack of markets, andtechnology for small farmers. The project will systematically develop retail chains for connecting producers with consumers. FPOs ensure appropriate systems and support to ensure compliancewith statutory authorities, donors, banking and internal governance systems. Facilitate access to fair &remunerative markets including linking producer groups to marketing opportunities by market aggregators. For 2019-20 it is proposed Rs.471Lakhs for IBC8 activity. b. Livelihood Support Fund (50% subsidy) to farmers through Farmer institutions: Livelihood promotion fund limited to Rs.5000/- farmer spread over a period of 3

374 \ years with 50% contribution from farmers to utilize for Drought Proofing, Land Development, purchase of Desi Cows, Irrigation, Mechanization, Post-harvest practices etc. It is proposed Rs.4959 lakhs to Implement the component Livelihood promotion fund. c. 50% subsidy to support to POP (Poorest of Poor) and vulnerable (about 20% of the400 farm families): Increasing rural population is now migrating to cities in search of alternate livelihoods and this raises serious questions on the future of farmingsector. In this situation adapting a system of cultivation with low cost of agricultural inputs, increased yield and high income even in small land holdings is the panacea. The POP model named Annapurna is one such system of crop cultivation. It ensures security to marginal & tenant farmers and thereby aims to alleviate the problem of hunger & ensuring an income of Rs.0.50 lakh to Rs.1.00 lakh income per year. POP is an ultra-poor strategy which ensures an income of Rs.10,000/-per month. By implementing POP strategy, Agricultural Labor can be converted into farmers. To promote PoP (Poorest of Poor) Models the budget proposed is Rs.595 lakhs.

III. Subsidy Support for access to inputs, tools etc. to farmers and farmerinstitutions: The financial Allocations proposed for this component is Rs.1983 lakhs

a. Establishment of ZBNF input Shops/NPM shops on subsidy @ Rs.50,000/-unit :To make available the required dung based inoculations like Beejamrutham, Jeevamrutham, Botanical extracts it is proposed to establish NPM shops in villages @ Rs.1.00 lakh/unit & to provide 50% subsidy @ Rs.50,000/-unit. Due to the revised ZBNF scaling upstrategy of focusingextensively and involving the Women SHGs and their federations, it is decided to revise the earlier norms. The NPM shops would now onwards be operationalizedthrough the VillageOrganizations (VOs). The eligible VOswill initially beidentified based on the following criteria:

Sanction of NPM shops to VillageOrganizations: • The VO must hold regular ZBNF interactions with a fixed agenda every month • In the VO jurisdiction there should be at least 50 ZBNF practicing farmers • VO should adopt a resolution exhorting all members to practice ZBNF farming

The VO will pass a resolution on the need of NPM shop and gives its request for NPM shop to the DPMU, duly mentioning no.of ZBNF farmers within the VO (including the farmers outside the SHG fold). VO will also ensure proper functioning of NPM shop by constituting a ZBNF sub-committee in the VO which will visit NPM shop and report its functioning to the VO in the VO monthly meetings.

b. Cattle-shed lining and urine collection tanks: Resources like cow dung and Cow urine are used as inputs in the preparation of Ghana and drava jeevamrutham for enhancing the Soil fertility. It is proposed for construction of improved cattle sheds with proper safety to the Cattle and Cement floor lining with Urine Collection Pit for ensuring proper collection of Cow dung and Cow Urine duly involving the farmers. Only those farmers who are already having cows and are practicing ZBNF will be supported for cattle shed lvning and a large tank for urine collection.

375 \ Recently, due to revised strategy of focusing extensively and involving theWomen SHGs and their federations in implementation of ZBNF, the following approach would be adopted in grounding of all the forthcoming cattle shed lining units in the clusters. An amount of Rs.25,000/-will be given as a grant to the eligible SHGs for the purpose of constructing cattle shed lining and purchase of grinders, drums and sprayers etc. as per their need.

c. Other Innovative Activities at State & District level: To organize exhibitions at state level, national & international events, meets/workshops, Visits to other states & To promote district specific activities and ZBNF high-end models like Kitchen gardens, Nutri gardens, Paddy Fish farming, Poly cropping, RFSA structures etc.

IV. PGS Certification Quality Assurance, Tracking and Monitoring: The financial allocations proposed for this component is Rs.2132 Lakh

ICT (Information and Communication Technology) ICToffers an opportunity to introduce new activities, new services and applications into rural areas or to enhance existing services. This component includes mobile monitoring application for monitoring the progress of the program and providingreal time solutions to farmers. It is proposed to provide Smart Phones to CRPS, CAs and ICRPs and Laptops to NFFs, Data processing &MIS. A comprehensive IOT support for Farmer Database, e-Tracking progress on adoption of ZBNF practices, Enabling traceability · certification, Performance monitoring of functionaries, e Marketing, Geo-mapping will be developed.

I. For decision making at field level II. To choose between alternative courses of action III. To control day-to-day operations IV. G PS enabled mobiles for tracking the movement of the extension workers

Promotion & Documentation of Organic Farming and Natural Farming and Motivational Films: The Department is having ongoing collaboration with the Digital Green Foundation for production of short video films (8 to 10 minutes) on each of the important ZBNF technologies. These films are shown by the C.R.Ps/FEs to the farmers in the clusters through ‘Pico Projectors’. The film makers called videoresource persons are also farmers. In addition tofilms onimportant practices, thevideo resource persons also make films of successful farmers and their practices for motivating new farmers. There are 2 - 3 video resource person teams in each district. It is proposed to strengthen the video content by producing high quality films on each of the important crops by following the crop cycles for 2 - 3 crop seasons - seed to seed. These films will take 24 - 36 months. However, films will be released every month showing the different stages of growth and the issues likely to come up during each phase of the crop cycle.

Review andMonitoring of cluster:District level and cluster level activities will bereviewed by conducting Debriefing Meetings at Cluster and District level, and conducting monthly Review meetings at State level and conducting Video conferences. Field Visits:Conducting regularfield visits to the farmerfields by the Experts, StateTeam &District team. Conducting periodic awareness programs and campaigns as well

376 \ as field visits to disseminate benefits of ZBNF across the state documenting and reporting the project activities periodically.

It is proposed to promote the programme in villages through cable TV, Advertisement & Printing of publicity material.

V.Marketing CBand Marketing Support: Marketing CB (Handholding Support toFarmers and theirinstitutions in Marketing through 5 SRPs per district) Marketing/Sales Support including Melas, Trade fairs and buyer seller meets etc. It is proposedRs.1933 lakhs.

VI. Technical Support and Overall Programme Management beyond the cluster including DPMU, SPMU the budget proposed is Rs.291.58 Lakhs.

ANNEXURE 3

Expected Outcomes in a GP

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Total

1 Farmers - Cumulative Coverage 70 233 465 465 465 465

2 Farmers - Seed to Seed (cumulative) 30 90 270 360 400 400

3 Farmers’ Groups (cumulative) 6 40 40 40 40 40 4 Village Farmers’ Federations (cumulative) 2 5 5 5 5 5 Cluster Farmers’ Federation (cumulative) (1 for 5 GPs) 1 1 1 1 6 Lead/Active Farmers (cumulative) 15 50 80 80 80 80 7 Master Farmers (cumulative) 5 5 5 5 5 5

8 Access to Input-Output Enterprises 1 1 2 2 2 2

9 Market Support to Farmers (cumulative) 10 60 240 360 400 400

377 \ BIBLIOGRAPHY

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