Clean Energy Finance Investment Program - Tranche 1

Environment Due Diligence Report

Project Number: 46268-002 December 2017 Part B: Annexures

IND: Clean Energy Finance Investment Program - Tranche 1

Subproject: 100.8MW Wind Power Project at Beluguppa, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh

Submitted by

Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency, New Delhi

This environment due diligence report has been prepared by the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency, New Delhi for the Asian Development Bank and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s Public Communications Policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB.

This environment due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BASIS OF THE REPORT 1 1.2 APPLICABLE REFERENCE FRAMEWORK 1 1.3 ORANGE RENEWABLE POWER PVT. LTD. 2 1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 2 1.5 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT 7 1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 7 1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 7 1.8 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 8 1.8.1 Preliminary Discussions with Project Proponent 9 1.8.2 Scoping Study 9 1.8.3 Document Review 9 1.8.4 Site Survey and Preliminary Consultations 9 1.8.5 Environmental Baseline Data Collection 10 1.8.6 Stakeholder Consultation 10 1.8.7 Impact Assessment 11 1.8.8 Environmental and Social Management Plan 11 1.9 LIMITATIONS 11 1.9.1 Uses of the Report 12

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 14

2.1 PROJECT SETTING 14 2.1.1 Project location and Setting 14 2.2 LAND REQUIREMENTS 23 2.3 LAND DETAILS 23 2.3.1 Project related land procurement and specific issues 24 2.3.2 Land details and existing procurement status for specific components 27 2.3.3 Land Purchase Process 28 2.3.4 Stakeholder engagement and GRM 29 2.3.5 Labour 30 2.4 PROJECT COMPONENTS 30 2.4.1 Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) 30 2.4.2 Wind Farm 30 2.4.3 Pooling Sub Station and Power Evacuation Arrangements 31 2.4.4 Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)/ Condition Monitoring System (CMS) 33 2.4.5 Storage Yard 33 2.4.6 Batching Plant 33 2.4.7 Access Road and Site Access 34 2.5 PROJECT ACTIVITIES 35 2.5.1 Planning Phase 35 2.5.2 Construction 35 2.5.3 Operations & Maintenance 36 2.5.4 Decommissioning 36 2.6 RESOURCE REQUIREMNTS FOR THE PROJECT 37 2.6.1 Water Requirement 37

2.6.2 Raw Materials and Equipment 37 2.6.3 Fuel requirement and Storage 38 2.6.4 Power Requirement 39 2.6.5 Pollution Control-Embedded Measures 39 2.6.6 Air Emissions 39 2.6.7 Noise Emissions 40 2.6.8 Waste Management 40 2.6.9 Wastewater Management 41 2.6.10 Fire Safety and Security 42 2.7 PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 43 2.7.1 Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd. 43 2.7.2 Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. 43 2.8 CORPORATE POLICIES 44 2.8.1 Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. 44

3 ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 45

3.1 INTRODUCTION 45 3.1 PERMITTING STATUS OF THE PROJECT 45 3.1.1 EIA Notification (2006) and its amendments 45 3.1.2 Central Pollution Control Board 45 3.1.3 Andhra Pradesh Wind Power Policy of 2015 45 3.2 INSTITUTION FRAMEWORK- ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES 46 3.3 APPLICABLE REGULATORY/ POLICY FRAMEWORK 49 3.4 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS 52 3.5 INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS 52 3.5.1 IFC Requirements 52

4 SCREENING AND SCOPING 56

4.1 SCREENING METHODOLOGY 56 4.1.1 Kick-off Meeting 56 4.1.2 Document Review 56 4.2 PROJECT CATEGORISATION 57 4.2.1 Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EFPI) and International Performance Standards (IFC) 57 4.3 SCOPING METHODOLOGY 58 4.4 SCOPING RESULTS 59 4.4.1 Cumulative Impacts 59

5 ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 64

5.1 LOCATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE SETTING 64 5.2 AREA OF INFLUENCE 64 5.2.1 Study Area 64 5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE METHODOLOGY 67 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE FINDINGS 68 5.4.1 Land cover and use 68 5.4.2 Local Topographical Features 71 5.4.3 Geology and Hydrogeology 74 5.4.4 Hydrology and Drainage Pattern 76

5.4.5 Climate and Meteorology 78 5.4.6 Natural Hazards 79 5.4.7 Ambient Air Quality 86 5.4.8 Noise Quality 92 5.4.9 Water Quality 95 5.4.10 Soil Quality 103 5.5 ECOLOGICAL BASELINE 106 5.5.1 Objectives 106 5.5.2 Study area 107 5.5.3 Approach and Methodology 107 5.5.4 Floral Assessment 109 5.5.5 Faunal Assessment 110 5.5.6 Protected Areas 120 5.5.7 Migratory Routes 121 5.6 SOCIO ECONOMIC BASELINE 122 5.6.1 Study Area 122 5.6.2 Approach and Methodology 122 5.6.3 Administrative set up of the Study Area 124 5.6.4 Demographic Profile 124 5.6.5 Education profile 127 5.6.6 Land Profile 131 5.6.7 Occupation and Livelihood 133 5.6.8 Drinking Water Supply 139 5.6.9 Irrigation 141 5.6.10 Health Infrastructure 141 5.6.11 Others physical infrastructure 142 5.6.12 Civil Society Organisations 143

6 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND IDENTIFICATION 144

6.1 INTRODUCTION 144 6.2 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROJECT 144 6.3 STAKEHOLDER CATEGORISATION 145 6.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS 145 6.5 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS 146

7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 153

7.1 INTRODUCTION 153 7.2 SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT 153 7.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 153 7.4 KEY POTENTIAL IMPACTS 159 7.4.1 Key Environmental Impacts 159 7.4.2 Key Ecological Impacts 159 7.4.3 Key Social Impacts 159 7.5 KEY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 159 7.5.1 Change in land use 159 7.5.2 Impact on Water Resources 175 7.5.3 Impact on Air Quality 183 7.5.4 Aesthetics and Landscape concerns 186

7.5.5 Occupational health and Safety of Workers 190 7.5.6 Ambient Noise Levels 194 7.6 KEY ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS 204 7.6.2 Impacts during construction Phase 209 7.6.3 Impacts during Operation Phase 217 7.6.4 Cumulative Impact Assessment for Flying Fauna 223 7.7 KEY SOCIAL IMPACTS 225 7.7.1 Impacts to local communities 225 7.7.2 Economic Loss/Displacement due to selling of land 239 7.7.3 Impact on local employment opportunity 241 7.7.4 Social Development through Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) Initiatives242 7.7.5 Cumulative environmental and social impacts 243

8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 244

8.1 INTRODUCTION 244 8.2 OUWPPL’S ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 244 8.2.1 OUWPPL’s EHS Management 244 8.3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 245 8.3.1 Environmental, Health and Safety Department (EHS Department) 245 8.4 INSPECTION, MONITORING AND AUDIT 245 8.5 REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION 246 8.5.1 ESMP Review and Amendments 247 8.6 TRAINING PROGRAMME AND CAPACITY BUILDING 247 8.6.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan 248

9 IMPACT SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 259

9.1 INTRODUCTION 259 9.2 IMPACTS REQUIRING DETAILED ASSESSMENT 259 9.3 CONCLUSION 260

List of Table

Table 1.1 Salient Features of the Project: Snapshot of the Project 3 Table 1.2 Contractors associated with Suzlon for the Project 3 Table 1.3 Structure of the report 12 Table 1.4 Annexes in the report 13 Table 2.1 WTG Profiling of the 100.8 MW Project (up to a distance of 500 m from the WTG) 16 Table 2.2 Summary of the land required for the Project 24 Table 2.3 Technical Specifications of Suzlon S111 turbine 30 Table 2.4 List and quantity of raw material to be utilised for the WTG foundation activities during the construction phase (tonnes per WTG) 37 Table 2.5 Equipment type and quantity to be utilised during the construction phase 38 Table 2.6 Waste Generated, their sources and method of disposal 41 Table 3.1 Categorisation of wind power projects as per A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015 45 Table 3.2 Enforcement Agencies relevant to the Project 46 Table 3.3 Applicable environmental and social legislative framework for wind power projects 50 Table 3.4 IFC Performance Standards 54 Table 4.1 Potential interactions matrix for the 100.8 MW Project, near the village of Beluguppa. 60 Table 4.2 Interactions identified that are likely to result in significant impacts 61 Table 4.3 Scoped- out interactions during the proposed Project's life cycle 63 Table 5.1 Primary Baseline Data Collection 67 Table 5.2 Secondary Baseline Data Collection 68 Table 5.3 Land use break detail of the Project 69 Table 5.4 Climatological Data, Anantapur 78 Table 5.5 Predominant Wind Direction 79 Table 5.6 Details of Ambient Air Monitoring Stations 86 Table 5.7 Details of Methods and Detection Limits for different Air Quality Parameters88 Table 5.8 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area 88 Table 5.9 Details of Noise Sampling Locations 92 Table 5.10 Noise Level in the Study Area 92 Table 5.11 Details of Water Sampling Locations 95 Table 5.12 Surface Water Quality observed during the monitoring Period 98 Table 5.13 Primary Water Quality Criteria for Designated-Best-Use-Classes 99 Table 5.14 Groundwater Quality observed during the monitoring Period 101 Table 5.15 Details of soil sampling location 103 Table 5.16 Analysis report of the soil sample (So1) 104 Table 5.17 Vegetation Classification of the Region 107 Table 5.18 Water bodies surveyed in the study area 108 Table 5.19 Time utilization for ecology assessment 110 Table 5.20 Amphibians reported from the study area 111 Table 5.21 Reptiles reported from the study area 111 Table 5.22 Avifaunal Species observed in the Study Area 114 Table 5.23 Avifaunal Species recorded in the Study Area 118 Table 5.24 Details of Mammals recorded from the Study area 120 Table 5.25 Demographic profile of the study region 124 Table 5.26 Demography of the study area villages 125 Table 5.27 Religion wise classification of data 127

Table 5.28 SSC and intermediate results of Anantapur district 128 Table 5.29 Schools facilities in study region 129 Table 5.30 Hostel facilities provided by government in study region 130 Table 5.31 Land use classification of villages under study area 132 Table 5.32 Land holding pattern of the study region 133 Table 5.33 Occupational pattern of the villages under study area 134 Table 5.34 Drinking water source availability 140 Table 5.35 Health care facilities in study region 141 Table 6.1 Overview of Disclosure and stakeholder consultation requirement 144 Table 6.2 Stakeholder Group categorisation 145 Table 6.3 Stakeholder Significance and Engagement Requirement 145 Table 6.4 Assessing significance of stakeholder for the Project 147 Table 6.5 Summary of overall stakeholder influence 152 Table 7.1 Impact Characteristic Terminology 154 Table 7.2 Impact Type Definitions 155 Table 7.3 Definitions for Likelihood Designations 155 Table 7.4 Sensitivity Assessment Criteria for Land Use 160 Table 7.5 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Land Use 160 Table 7.6 Periodic alteration of land use 161 Table 7.7 Impact on land use as a result of the Project 162 Table 7.8: Sensitivity Assessment Criteria for Soil quality (compaction, erosion and contamination) 163 Table 7.9 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Soil 164 Table 7.10 Impacts on land and soil environment during the project life cycle 164 Table 7.11 Soil Erosion impacts during construction phase 165 Table 7.12 Soil Compaction impacts during construction phase 166 Table 7.13 Impact on land due to improper waste disposal during construction phase 168 Table 7.14 Soil contamination due to Leaks/spills during construction phase 170 Table 7.15 Impact on land due to improper waste disposal during the Operation and Maintenance Phase 171 Table 7.16 Leaks/Spills during operation phase 173 Table 7.17 Impact to Soil and Land environment during decommissioning phase activities 174 Table 7.18 Sensitivity Assessment Criteria for Water Resources (Surface water and Ground water) 175 Table 7.19 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Surface and Ground water Resources 176 Table 7.20 Impact on Water Resources during the Construction Phase 179 Table 7.21 Impact on water quality 180 Table 7.22 Impact on water availability during operation phase 181 Table 7.23 Impact on water quality during operation phase 182 Table 7.24 Sensitivity Criteria for Air quality 183 Table 7.25 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Air Quality (Construction Phase) 184 Table 7.26 Impact on air quality during construction phase 185 Table 7.27 Impact on air quality during decommissioning phase 186 Table 7.28 Landscape- aesthetic impacts during the Construction Phase 188 Table 7.29 Landscape- aesthetic impacts during the Operation and Maintenance Phase189 Table 7.30 Impact Significance on Occupational Health and Safety: Construction phase and installation phase 191

Table 7.31 Impact Significance on Occupational Health and Safety: Operation and Maintenance Phase 192 Table 7.32 Impact Significance on Occupational Health and Safety: Decommissioning Phase 194 Table 7.33 Assumed construction equipment sound pressure level inventory 195 Table 7.34 Noise generation from construction activities and transportation of man/ material 196 Table 7.35 Predicted Noise Levels at Noise Receptors during Operation Phase of Project with normal wind conditions. 201 Table 7.36 Noise generation from operation of the WTGs – day time 202 Table 7.37 Noise generation from operation of the WTGs – day time 203 Table 7.38 Identified interactions that are likely to result in significant impacts 204 Table 7.39 Habitat-Impact Assessment Criteria 206 Table 7.40 Species-Impact Assessment Criteria 207 Table 7.41 Impact significance of vegetation clearance during the construction phase 211 Table 7.42 Impact significance of construction activities during the construction phase 214 Table 7.43 Impact significance of approach road laying during construction phase 217 Table 7.44 Impact significance of collision and mortality risk to avifauna and bats from operating wind turbine blades 220 Table 7.45 Impact significance of collision and electrical hazards from transmission infrastructure on avifaunal species 222 Table 7.46 Summary of cumulative impacts 223 Table 7.47 Impact Magnitude for Local Communities 225 Table 7.48 Receptor Sensitivity for Local Communities 225 Table 7.49 Impact Significance Matrix 225 Table 7.50 Impact Significance on Community Health and Safety due to Traffic Hazards226 Table 7.51 Shadow Flicker Analysis for Receptors observed to be within 500 m of the WTGs 234 Table 7.52 Impact Significance of Shadow flickering on sensitive receptors 237 Table 7.53 Significance of impacts of accidents to communities as a result of natural disasters and blade throw incidents 239 Table.7.54 Significance of impact due to economic loss due to selling of land 241 Table.7.55 Significance of employment opportunity 242 Table 7.56 Significance of Social Development Opportunities 243 Table 8.1 Environmental and social management and monitoring plan for OUWPPL’s wind Power Project 249 Table 9.1 Impact Assessment Summary 259

List of Figure

Figure 1.1 Map Showing Location of the Project 5 Figure 1.2 Map showing the the location of WTGs in the Project Area 6 Figure 1.3 Approach adopted by ERM for the project 8 Figure 2.1 Map Showing Physical Features of the Project Area 15 Figure 2.2 Land Purchase process for the project 29 Figure 2.3 33/ 220 kV Substation located near the village of Beluguppa 32 Figure 2.4 Evacuation of power from the 220 KV DCOH line from the pooling Sub Station, eventually termination at the Government Substation, in the village of Mopidi. 32 Figure 2.5 Storage yard in the village of Gangavaram used for storage of WTG components. The site office is also located, here. 33 Figure 2.6 Equipment set up in the batching plant for the Project (Location: Mylarampalle village) 34 Figure 2.7 Type of Roadways present within the Project Area (a) Kuccha Roads Beluguppa Village (b) Internal Access Roads- Avulenna village (c) State Highway -82 and (d) Heavy vehicles plying on State Highway -82 35 Figure 2.8 Project Organisational structure: Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd 43 Figure 2.9 Organisational structure of Suzlon 44 Figure 5.1 Physical feature map of the Project AoI 66 Figure 5.2 Land use in the Project AoI 70 Figure 5.3 Contour Map of the Project AoI 72 Figure 5.4 Digital Elevation Map of the Project AoI 73 Figure 5.5 Geological and Hydrogeological map of Anantapur District 75 Figure 5.6 Waterbodies observed in the Project AoI at the time of the ERM site visit (a) Jeedipalli Reservoir (b) Dried up Kanekallu Tank. 76 Figure 5.7 Ahobilam/ PABR Dam located approximately 10 km north east of the Project76 Figure 5.8 Drainage Map of the Project AoI 77 Figure 5.9 Earthquake Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur 81 Figure 5.10 Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur 83 Figure 5.11 Flood Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur 85 Figure 5.12 Map showing the location of ambient air quality (AAQ) stations in the Project AoI 87

Figure 5.13 PM10 Concentration in the Study Area 89

Figure 5.14 PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area 89

Figure 5.15 SO2 Concentration in the Study Area 90 Figure 5.16 NOx Concentration in the Study Area 91 Figure 5.17 Map showing the location of Noise quality (NQ) stations in the Project AoI 93 Figure 5.18 Day Time Noise Levels 94 Figure 5.19 Night Time Noise Levels 95 Figure 5.20 Map showing the locations for surface water and ground water locations in the Project AoI 97 Figure 5.21 Map showing the soil sampling location in the Project AoI 105 Figure 5.22 Map of the Study Area 107 Figure 5.23 Habitat surveyed in the Study Area 110 Figure 5.24 Avifaunal Species observed in the Study Area 112 Figure 5.25 Congregation of aquatic birds in the study area 117 Figure 5.26 Blackbuck observed in the study area 120

Figure 5.27 Map showing estimated migration routes for Anatidae species in the Central Asian Flyway 121 Figure 5.28 Consultation with one of the affected community in Project study area 123 Figure 5.29 Administrative set up of the study areas 124 Figure 5.30 Literacy profile of the study area villages 128 Figure 5.31 A study centre run by RDT in one of the study area village 131 Figure 5.32 Distribution of main working population in the study area 135 Figure 5.33 Water Supply sources in the study area 140 Figure 5.34 Health facilities in the study area (a) PHC at Beluguppa b) RDT Hospital at Venkatadiripilli 142 Figure 7.1 Impact Assessment Process 154 Figure 7.2 Impact Significance 156 Figure 7.3 Map showing the 48 WTGs and the Noise Sensitive Receptors in the Project Area 199 Figure 7.4 Noise map showing 48WTG locations, noise locations and wind speed under strong wind conditions (8 m/s) 200 Figure 7.5 Schematic representation of collision risk zones to birds and bats 219 Figure 7.6 Map showing WTG and shadow receptor for the Project 232 Figure 7.7 Map showing WTG and shadow receptor for the Project: real case scenario 233

1 INTRODUCTION

Environmental Resource Management India Pvt. Ltd. (ERM) has been engaged by Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as ‘OUWPPL’), a subsidiary of Orange Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as ‘Orange’) for undertaking an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study for a 100.8 MW wind farm project located near the village of Belupguppa in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Orange is working with Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as ‘Suzlon’), an Indian wind turbine manufacturer. ERM had conducted a site visit to ascertain the environmental, social and ecological impacts of the project during May 2016. The Project comprises of 48 wind turbine generators (WTGs) of 2.1 MW capacities each. The WTGs being utilized for the project are the Suzlon S-111 model. The proposed wind farm is spread primarily around the villages of Beluguppa, Srirangapuram, Thagguparthi, Yeragudi, Avulenna, Y. Rengapuram, Duddekunta and Narinjagundlapalli, Nakkalapalli andSreerangapuram in Beluguppa Mandal of Anantpur District in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

In the above context, Environment Resources Management (ERM) has been commissioned by Orange to undertake Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of the project to meet the requirements of the specified reference framework in the following section.

1.1 BASIS OF THE REPORT

ERM understands that OUWPPL intends to develop the Project with financial assistance from its lenders. The Project requires evaluating the environmental and social risks associated with the proposed project and to implement mitigation measures in order to avoid potential impacts during the project lifecycle. It is imperative that the proposed project is in line with the applicable International Finance Corporation (IFC)/World Bank (WB) guidelines pertaining to the environment, social issues and occupational health and safety aspects as well as in compliance with State & National laws and regulations. The report discusses the environmental and social baseline within which the proposed wind farm project will be commissioned. In addition to this, the report will aim to assess the potential adverse and beneficial impacts that the project could have, along with suitable mitigation measures followed by an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the Project.

1.2 APPLICABLE REFERENCE FRAMEWORK

The applicable reference framework for the ESIA study includes the following set of standards and guidelines:

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 1

• IFC Performance Standards (2012) 1 to 8; • The applicable IFC / World Bank Guidelines: o The General EHS Guidelines, o EHS Guidelines for Wind Energy, August 2015; o Guidelines for Power Transmission and Distribution, 2007 (for construction and operation of transmission lines in windfarm); and o EHS Guidelines for Toll Roads, 2007 (for road infrastructure of wind farm); and • Applicable local, national and international environmental and social legislation will also be considered as part of the study.

*Note: Wind energy projects in India do not require an Environmental Clearance under the EIA Notification, 2006. The ESIA is thus being undertaken as an internal management tool. Thus, ERM is not preparing the ESIA for any regulatory requirements, hence, if any deliverable if used for the same purpose, ERM needs to be communicated by the Client.

1.3 ORANGE RENEWABLE POWER PVT. LTD.

Orange Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd. is involved in the development of power projects of over 7,500 MW, with a portfolio ranging from biomass, small hydro power, wind power and solar power. In India, Orange has been involved in the operations of wind power projects viz.

• 39.9 MW Wind Energy Project in Bhesada, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan (fully commissioned in FY 2013 and is selling 100% of its output to Jodhpur Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd.under the terms of a 25-year power purchase agreement); • 19.5 MW Wind Energy Project in Dalot, Pratapgarh, Rajasthan (fully commissioned in FY 2013 and is selling 100% of its output to Jaipur Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd. under the terms of a 25-year power purchase agreement); • 100.5 MW Wind Energy Project in Mamatkheda, Ratlam and Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh (commissioned in April, 2015); • 22.5 MW wind power project at Dalot & Devgarh, district, Pratapgarh, Rajasthan commissioned in FY-2014-15; • 100 MW at Nimbagallu, Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) , commissioned in FY 2016; • 50 MW at Berchha, Ratlam (Madhya Pradesh), commissioned in FY 2016; • 34 MW in Khanapur, Sangli, Maharashtra, of which 24 MW has been commissioned in FY 2015 and 10 MW to be commissioned in FY 17.

1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

Orange is in the process of developing a 100.8 MW Project near the village of Beluguppa. Suzlon has been engaged as the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) contractor for the project. They are also responsible for other project activities such as land procurement, pathway development,

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 2

WTG foundation, DP yards, substation, and transmission lines etc. which are being performed by contractors that are responsible for executing tasks pertaining to the project. The salient features of the Project have been summarized in Table 1.1. The location of the project is presented in Figure 1.1 and the location of the WTGs is presented in Figure 1.2. The contractors that are responsible for various components related to the Project are listed in Table 1.2.

Table 1.1 Salient Features of the Project: Snapshot of the Project

Particulars Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd., 100.8 MW, Beluguppa, Andhra Pradesh Location National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) approved site near Beluguppa village in Andhra Pradesh. Villages Beluguppa, Srirangapuram, Thagguparthi, Yeragudi, Avulenna, Y. Rengapuram, Duddekunta and Narinjagundlapalli Terrain The site comprises of flat terrain. The ground cover is a mix of irrigated and unirrigated land. Type of Wind Turbines Suzlon S111-2.1 MW model wind turbines, 48 no:s Power evacuation details Pooling Substation (PSS)

• Construction of the PSS is under process and is located near the village of Beluguppa; and • Capacity: 33/220 KV.

Internal Transmission Line and External Transmission Line

• Internal Transmission Line: Contsruction of the internal transmission line is currently ongoing. The total length of the 33 kV line is approximately 25.0 km and will be of Rolled Steel Joist (RSJ) type. The Internal access line will evacuate power via a network of 4 feeders at the PSS (viz.#2, 4, 5 and 6); and • External Transmission Line: Construction of the 220 kV line is currently ongoing. The total length of the external transmission line is approximately 22.2 km and will comprise of lattice type towers and in the final stages of construction. Power will be evacuated to the 400/220 kV APTRANSCO government sub station whichis situated in the village of Mopidi. Project Status at time of ESIA • WTG foundation casting activities: ongoing; study • Purchase of Land/ Right of Way (RoW) clearance process: ongoing. Project Commissioning date FY 2017 Source: OUWPPL

Table 1.2 Contractors associated with Suzlon for the Project

SN. Contractor’s Name Scope of Work 1 M/s Top View Pvt Ltd. Land aggregator and Batching Plant 2 M/s Sai Ram Land Land aggregator Developers Pvt. Ltd. 3 M/s Aspen Pvt. Ltd. Construction of PSS 4 M/s KSA Electrical work at the PSS

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 3

SN. Contractor’s Name Scope of Work 4 M/s Harsha Engineering Pvt. Construction of 33 kV Internal Transmission Line Ltd. 5 Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Road construction, particularly internal access roads Ltd. linking project components and WTGs with one another 6 M/s Top View Pvt Ltd. WTG Foundation Casting 7 M/s Chaitanya Pvt. Ltd. WTG Foundation Casting Source: OUWPPL

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 4

Figure 1.1 Map Showing Location of the Project

Source: Maps of India

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Figure 1.2 Map showing the the location of WTGs in the Project Area

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

1.5 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT

OUWPPL is undertaking this ESIA as part of lender requirements against the specified reference framework (1) relating to the environment, social issues and occupational health and safety matters, in addition to complying with Indian laws and regulations. The report discusses the environmental and social baseline within which the proposed wind farm project will be commissioned and assesses the potential adverse and beneficial impacts that the project could have, along with suitable mitigation measures and an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the Project.

1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The ESIA study has been undertaken with the following objectives:

• To facilitate an understanding of the elements of the existing baseline conditions prevailing in the study area (5 km zone from project boundary is considered as study area); • To identify the aspects of the Project likely to result in significant impacts to resources/receptors; • To predict and evaluate the significance of the impacts of the Project; • To document the stakeholder consultation during the study; • To determine the significance of residual impacts, taking into account the implementation of mitigation measures; and • To develop plans for the management and monitoring of impacts, including plans for ongoing stakeholder engagement.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In order to meet the objectives as specified in Section 1.6 , the scope of Work for the ESIA broadly entails:

• Identification and review of the applicable local, state, national and international environmental legislation and regulatory framework; • Primary Baseline data collection through field surveys and monitoring with respect to ambient air quality, Noise quality, ground water quality, surface water quality and soil quality within the study area; • Collection of baseline information through secondary documents with respect to meteorology, soil quality, land use pattern, geology, geomorphology, hydrology, ecology and socio economic profile within the study area of 5km radius of the project site;

(1) The specified framework consists of: IFC Performance Standards, Indian environmental and social regulations and the Applicable Sectoral EHS Guidelines;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 7

• Identification of any instances of shadow flicker that would potentially effect human settlements in the vicinity Project, and if identified, to develop mitigation measures to reduce the effects; • Ascertain whether Project or its immediate environment is considered to be of value regarding specially protected species birds and bats; • Prediction and identification of environmental impacts of the project followed by evaluation of significance of the predicted impacts; • Suggesting appropriate mitigation/ enhancement measures for identified environmental and social impacts; • Comparison and analysis of the alternatives considered for the project with respect to location and power generation technology; and • Formulation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) in accordance with IFC’s Performance Standard 1 addressing the various aspects considered in IFC’s Performance Standards 2 through 8 with management tools and techniques including monitoring and reporting requirements for effective implementation.

1.8 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

ERM’s approach and methodology (Figure 1.3) for Project Dossier is summarized below:

Figure 1.3 Approach adopted by ERM for the project

Source: The ERM Impact Assessment Standard. v1

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 8

1.8.1 Preliminary Discussions with Project Proponent

• Discussions were held with OUWPPL and Suzlon personnel to understand the Project, current status of agreements (i.e. land allocation, power purchase agreement, electricity generation license, etc.), Project milestones, legal requirements and scope of ESIA; and • Collation of relevant project documents such as WTG micro-siting, wind assessment report, organization charts, land purchase process, health and safety plan, company’s HR policies, , transportation routes, transmission routes, etc.

1.8.2 Scoping Study

The main objective of the scoping was to ascertain the environmental issues associated with the Project on which ESIA study will be focussed. For this purpose, the project documents were reviewed and site survey was undertaken to understand the environmental and social sensitivities prevailing in the project area. Based on this, likely environmental issues associated with the Project activities were ascertained through matrices during construction, operation and decommissioning phases.

1.8.3 Document Review

Desk based review of the relevant documents and available imagery of the project site and its surroundings was carried out to have a clear understanding of the Project and to assess environmental and social sensitivities around the Project. The desk-based review focused on the following key information about the Project and the facilities under the purview of the Project: • Detailed Project Report prepared by OUWPPL; • Technical Due Diligence Proposed wind farm layout and micro-siting map; • Topographical maps of Survey of India; • Permission letter of Transmission Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (APTRANSCO) for grid connectivity to the project; • Approval latter from New and Renewable Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh ( NREDCAP); and • Organizational Chart and Human Resources Policies.

1.8.4 Site Survey and Preliminary Consultations

ERM team has undertaken a site reconnaissance survey and limited stakeholder consultation in the project area. During the visit, following was identified:

• Key social and environmental risks/receptors in the Project influence area; • Human resource and labour issues, inclusive of potential occupational health and safety; • Issues of environmental pollution and resource usage; • Prevailing community engagement processes;

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• Aspects of community health and safety, if any, linked to the proposed operations; • Significance of impacts on biodiversity and natural resource management; and • Discussions with the local communities in the vicinity to understand their views of the project.

1.8.5 Environmental Baseline Data Collection

Environmental baseline data was collected through primary monitoring and surveys of the study area (5 km distance from project area). Secondary information through literature surveys was also collected for the study area. The baseline study included the following: • Primary environmental baseline data collection within study area between the 3rd of May and the 7th of May, 2016. The primary environmental baseline data was collected with respect to ambient air quality, water (surface and groundwater) quality, soil quality, ambient noise quality, ecology and socio-economics; • The GIS mapping of the study area was done to present details on land use pattern, forest/ vegetation cover, settlements, water bodies, drainage pattern, spot heights and contours; and • Reconnaissance surveys of the project site and surrounding area within 5 km distance around the project site (defined as study area) to ascertain prevailing features of the biophysical and social environments; • Information on geology, meteorological conditions, water and ecological resources, socio-economic status etc. was also collected from secondary sources.

1.8.6 Stakeholder Consultation

During site visit for ESIA, following groups of stakeholders were consulted with the objective of collecting baseline data/information and to understand specific issues;

• OUWPPL and Suzlon Representatives; • Land Sellers; • Land Aggregators; • Contract workers; • Contractor Representatives of M/s KSA and M/s Top View; • Panchayat President of Beluguppa; • Panchayat Secretary of Narasapuram Panchayat; • Senior Doctor at Beluguppa Primary Health Centre; • Education Officer, Rural Development Trust; • Members of local women self-help groups; and • Local Community.

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1.8.7 Impact Assessment

Assessment of potential impacts on the various environmental and social elements due to the Project activities was carried out for this ESIA study. The likely impacts on loss of land, land-based and non-land based livelihoods, vulnerable groups (women, youth etc.), labour, water environment, air environment (including traffic volume count), biological environment and socio-economic environment has been identified based on the actual and foreseeable events/Project activities. For the impact assessment, wherever necessary, professional judgement, experience and knowledge on similar projects have been used. The extent and potential consequences of the impacts have been compared against applicable standards and guidelines. Mitigation measures have been suggested for each of the identified adverse impacts.

1.8.8 Environmental and Social Management Plan

The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been developed to include the following: • Introduction of purpose and aims of the ESMP; • Summary of significant adverse impacts and potential risks; • Mitigations and control technologies, safeguards etc. to minimize adverse impacts on air, water, soil, ecological and socioeconomic environment; • Occupational health related mitigation measures including occupational health surveillance programme; • Institutional mechanism - roles and responsibilities for ESMP implementation, training of ESMP implementation team; • Action Plans for effective control measures to minimize adverse impacts/risks; and • Monitoring program for effective implementation of the mitigations and ascertain efficacy of the environmental management and risk control systems in place;

1.9 LIMITATIONS

This ESIA report is based on scientific principles and professional judgment applied to facts with resultant subjective interpretations. Professional judgments expressed herein are based on the analysis of available data and information. The ESIA report was prepared with the following limitations:

• At the time of the site visit, the WTG profiling of 21 sites was performed as land parcels for the remaining sites were at various stages of negotiation and purchase. The remainder of the sites were assessed after finalisation by the client with the help of the latest satellite imagery data; and • The stakeholder consultation was done with the land owners who had willingly sold their land, hence may not be representative of all concerned stakeholders.

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1.9.1 Uses of the Report

ERM is not engaged in consulting or reporting for the purpose of advertising, sales promotion, or endorsement of any client interests, including raising investment capital, recommending investment decisions, or other publicity purposes. The client acknowledges this report has been prepared for their and their clients’ exclusive use and agrees that ERM reports or correspondence will not be used or reproduced in full or in part for such purposes, and may not be used or relied upon in any prospectus or offering circular. The client also agrees that none of its advertising, sales promotion, or other publicity matter containing information obtained from this assessment and report will mention or imply the name of ERM.

Nothing contained in this report shall be construed as a warranty or affirmation by ERM that the site and property described in the report are suitable collateral for any loan or that acquisition of such property by any lender through foreclosure proceedings or otherwise will not expose the lender to potential environmental or social liability.

Table 1.3 Structure of the report

Section Title Description Section 1 Introduction (this section) Introduction to the Project and ESIA methodology Section 2 Project Description Technical description of the Project & related infrastructure and activities Section 3 Administrative Discussion of the applicable environmental and Framework social regulatory framework and its relevance for the Project. Section 4 Screening and Scoping Description of the outcomes of the Screening exercise and description of the outcome of the Scoping exercise undertaken as part of the ESIA process. Section 5 Environmental, Ecological An outline of the Environmental, Ecological and and Social Baseline Social Baseline status in the area of the Project. Section 6 Stakeholder Mapping and An outline of the engagement with the stakeholder Identiciation groups undertaken as part of the assessment process and the key issues identified from the same. Section 7 Impact Assessment This section includes details of identified environmental impacts and associated risks due to project activities, assessment of significance of impacts and presents mitigation measures for minimizing and /or offsetting adverse impacts identified. Section 8 Environmental and Social Outline of the Environmental and Social Management Plan Management Plan (ESMP) taking into account identified impacts and planned mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. Section 9 Impact Summary and Summary of impacts identified for the Project Conclusion

The Annexes are as follows (Table 1.4):

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Table 1.4 Annexes in the report

Annex No. Title A Photo documentation B Policies of Orange C Applicable Environmental Standards D Environmental Monitoring Results: Ambient Air Quality E Environmental Monitoring Results: Noise Quality F Environmental Monitoring Results: Surface Water Quality G Environmental Monitoring Results: Ground Water Quality H Environmental Monitoring Results: Soil Quality I Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Data Overview J Project Shadow Calendar Graphical

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2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This section provides a detailed description of the Project location, its key components, current status, Project permitting requirements and organizational management systems.

2.1 PROJECT SETTING

2.1.1 Project location and Setting

As mentioned in Chapter 1, the wind farm project is spread across the villages of Beluguppa, Srirangapuram, Thagguparthi, Yeragudi, Avulenna, Y. Rengapuram, Duddekunta and Narinjagundlapalli, Nakkalapalli and Sreerangapuram in Beluguppa Mandal of Anantpur District in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The Project is located between Easting coordinates of 723078.00 m E and 737563.00 m E and Northing coordinates of 1628880.00 m N and 1625983.00 m N, respectively and is approximately 40 km south of the town of Bellary (also known as Ballari), in Karnataka. The city of Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) lies approximately 45 km East of the Project. Road access for both clusters is via State Highway 82 (also known as SH-82 or Bellary- Anantapur Road) which bisects the Project area in a west to east direction and is a primary means of access and material movement. The State Highway 82, in turn connects to State Highway 32 and eventually to National Highway 67, which starts at the junction of NH 48 near Hubli of Karnataka and ends at Krishnapatnam Port road in Andhra Pradesh (1) (2) . In addition to this, the Project area is also accessible by a network of internal village roads (bituminous and non-bituminous) that originate from State Highway 82. No national park, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, notified historical and cultural sites etc. have been observed to be located within 5 km radius from the Project site. The physical features map of Project and its study area is shown in Figure 2.1. The photo documentation of each of the WTGs direction- wise is provided in Annex A.

(1) NH-63 (previously National Highway 67) passes through Ramnagar, Huballi, Ballary, Gooty, Tadapatri, Muddanru, Maidukuru, Nellore, Krishnapatnam port Road. (2) Roads and Buildings Department (Government of Andhra Pradesh). http://aproads.cgg.gov.in/getInfo.do?dt=1&oId=33. Accessed on 25/06/2016.

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Figure 2.1 Map Showing Physical Features of the Project Area

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Table 2.1 WTG Profiling of the 100.8 MW Project (up to a distance of 500 m from the WTG)

WT WTG Co-ordinates WTG WTG Footprint Area Nearest house/ structure Nearest Village Nearest Waterbody Nearest Approach/ Access Road Land use around WTG S G (in UTM) Site Cultural/ Condition Location N ID Elevatio Religious Site Distanc . n (m) Is e from Topograp Distanc Distanc Use of Distanc Distanc there the hy Conditio e from Landuse e (km) Structure e (km) e (km) Are Are moto nearest (undulatin Identificati n of the Easting Northing (Based on and (residentia and Identificati and there there r Paved Nort Eas Wes Sout g land/flat on (Name/ Name Road nearest (m) (m) Land Directio l/ Directio on ID Directio religiou religiou able Road h t t h land/on ID in Map) and Approac Records* ) n agricultur n from n from s sites? s sites? acces (km) plateau or Type h Point e/ storage) WTG WTG s to hill ridge) (km) site? Village Approx Private Approx. Approx Road- Approx. BLG 735742.0 1626712. . 0.874 1 495 m Flat Agricultur Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Thagguparty 2.1 km No Yes Church . 2.4 km Yes Kuccha 0.090 -123 0 m E 00 m N km km al land the proposed WTG N N Type km S Private Agricultural N land Village Approx Private Approx. Approx Approx. BLG 736052.0 1626397. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- . 0.91 2 495 m Flat Agricultur Thagguparty 2.4 km No Yes Church . 2.6 km Yes 0.090 -124 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha km km Private Agricultural al land N N km S Type N land Village Approx Private Approx. Approx Road- Approx. BLG 736336.0 1625936. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of . 0.99 3 493 m Flat Agricultur Thagguparty 2.8 km No Yes Church . 3.1km Yes Kuccha 0.12 km -125 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG km km al land N N Type S Private Agricultural N land Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Village Private the proposed WTG Approx. 2 Approx Road- Approx. Approx BLG 731816.0 1628201. 4 485 m Flat Agricultur Belaguppa 1.62 km No NA temple . 1.65 Yes Kuccha 0.14 km . 0.14 -077 0 m E 00 m N al land W s km W Type N km N Private Agricultural land Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Village Private the proposed WTG Approx. 2 Approx Road- Approx. Approx BLG 731900.0 1627827. 5 483m Flat Agricultur Belaguppa 1.77 km No NA temple . 1.82 Yes Kuccha 0.54 km . 0.54 -078 0 m E 00 m N al land W s km W Type N km N Private Agricultural land Village Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Approx Private Approx. 2 Road- Approx. Approx BLG 731375.0 1629040. the proposed WTG, except for proposed . 1.65 6 486 m Flat Agricultur Belaguppa 1.65 km No NA temple Yes Kuccha 0.75 km . 0.75 -075 0 m E 00 m N pooling substation, which is located within km al land SSW s Type S km S Private Agricultural 500 m, southwards. SSW land Village Private Approx. 2 Approx Road- Approx. Approx BLG 727976.0 1627668. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 7 491 m Flat Agricultur Belaguppa 1.72 km No NA temple . 1.76 Yes Kuccha 0.13 km . 0.13 -025 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG al land E s km E Type N km N Private Agricultural land Village Private Approx. 2 Approx Road- Approx. Approx BLG 726612.0 1627617. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 8 491 m Flat Agricultur Belaguppa 3.0 km No NA temple . 3.2 km Yes Kuccha 0.15 km . 0.15 -017 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG al land E s E Type S km S Private Agricultural land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx BLG 726736.0 1627032. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Belaguppa Road- 9 490 m Flat Agricultur 1.8 km No NA No NA Yes 0.45 km . 0.45 -018 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Tanda Kuccha Private Agricultural al land E S km S Type land

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WT WTG Co-ordinates WTG WTG Footprint Area Nearest house/ structure Nearest Village Nearest Waterbody Nearest Approach/ Access Road Land use around WTG S G (in UTM) Site Cultural/ Condition Location N ID Elevatio Religious Site Distanc . n (m) Is e from Topograp Distanc Distanc Use of Distanc Distanc there the hy Conditio e from Landuse e (km) Structure e (km) e (km) Are Are moto nearest (undulatin Identificati n of the Easting Northing (Based on and (residentia and Identificati and there there r Paved Nort Eas Wes Sout g land/flat on (Name/ Name Road nearest (m) (m) Land Directio l/ Directio on ID Directio religiou religiou able Road h t t h land/on ID in Map) and Approac Records* ) n agricultur n from n from s sites? s sites? acces (km) plateau or Type h Point e/ storage) WTG WTG s to hill ridge) (km) site? Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 724235.0 1626859. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Narinjagundlapa Road- 489 m Flat Agricultur 2.9 km No NA No NA Yes 0.20 km . 0.20 0 -007 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG lle Kuccha Private Agricultural al land W S km S Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 726124.0 1627974. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- 481 m Flat Agricultur Nakkalapalli 0.90 km No NA No NA Yes 0.065 . 0.065 1 -016 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha Private Agricultural al land N km W km W Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 725966.0 1628436. Primarily Pucca structures observed to be Road- 481 m Flat Agricultur Nakkalapalli 0.43 km No NA No NA Yes 0.132 . 0.132 2 -015 0 m E 00 m N within 500 m radius Kuccha Private Agricultural al land N km W km W Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 727472.0 1629035. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- 491 m Flat Agricultur Nakkalapalli 1.02 km No NA No NA Yes 0.21 km . 0.21 3 -028 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha Private Agricultural al land W S km S Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 731541.0 1624148. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- 498 m Flat Agricultur Avulena 0.59 km No NA No NA Yes 0.30 km . 0.30 4 -085 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha Private Agricultural al land W S km S Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 732151.0 1624801. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- 494 m Flat Agricultur Avulena 1.34 km No NA No NA Yes 0.25 km . 0.25 5 -084 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha Private Agricultural al land W W km W Type land Village Private Approx Approx. Approx 1 BLG 731369.0 1625525. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Approx. Yes, Road- 496 m Flat Agricultur Avulena No NA / 1.9 Yes 0.21 km . 0.21 6 -082 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG 1.83 km temple Kuccha Private Agricultural al land km S W km W Type land Approx Village Private Primarily Pucca structures observed to be Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 737381.0 1629014. Yes, . 0.26 Road- 491 m Flat Agricultur within 500 m radius (overlapping with BLG- Tagguparthy 0.28 km No NA Yes 0.23 km . 0.23 7 -157 0 m E 00 m N church km Kuccha Private Agricultural al land 158) SSW W km W SSW Type land Approx Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 737446.0 1629375. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Yes, . 0.26 Road- 490 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy 0.28 km No NA Yes 0.23 km . 0.23 8 -156 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG church km Kuccha Private Agricultural al land SSW W km W SSW Type land Approx Village Private Approx. Approx 1 BLG 737491.0 1630225. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Yes, . 1.46 Road- Approx. 490 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy 1.45 km No NA Yes . 1.45 9 -154 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG church km Kuccha 0.2 km E Private Agricultural al land SSW km S SSW Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 2 BLG 727359.0 1628568. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- 488 m Flat Agricultur Nakkalapalli 1.0 km No NA No NA Yes 0.28 km . 0.28 0 -027 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha Private Agricultural al land NNW N km N Type land

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Residenti

Private al Approx. Village Approx. Approx 2 BLG 723227.0 1629369. 490 m Flat Agricultur structure Sreerangapuram 1.1 km No NA No NA Yes Road- 0.07 km . 0.40 Private Agricultural 7 -013 0 m E 00 m N al land and used N Kuccha N km W land

for Type

storage of

BLG-013-H2 0.40 km agricultur NA NNW al produce.

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Village Private Road- Approx. Approx 2 BLG 728225.0 1627147. Primarily Pucca structures observed to be 0.31 km 491 m Flat Agricultur Beluguppa No NA No NA Yes Kuccha 0.80 km . 0.24 9 -024 0 m E 00 m N within 500 m radius SSE al land Type W km S Private Agricultural land

Residenti 0.44 km al SSW structure BLG-076-H1 and used Village Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 726967.0 1629378. 0.49 km for 0.44 km Road- Private Agricultural 492 m Flat Agricultur BLG-076 H2 NA Nakalapalli No NA No NA Yes 0.43 km . 0.43 0 -076 0 m E 00 m N SSW storage of SSW Kuccha land al land S km S agricultur Type BLG-076-H3 0.46 km al SSW produce.

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 731311.0 1627167. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.3 km Village 488 m Flat Agricultur Beluguppa No NA No NA Yes 0.11km . 1.12 1 -079 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG NNW Road- Private Agricultural al land NNW km N Kuccha land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 730875.0 1626724. 2 Warehouses observed to be within 500 m 1.03 km Village 488 m Flat Agricultur Beluguppa No NA No NA Yes 0.26 km . 0.26 2 -080 0 m E 00 m N radius NNW Road- Private Agricultural al land S km S Pucca land Type

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Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 731317.0 1626022. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.86 km Village 488 m Flat Agricultur Beluguppa No NA No NA Yes 0.98 km . 0.98 3 -081 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG NNW Road- Private Agricultural al land W km W Pucca land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 731263.0 1624968. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.76 km Village Private Agricultural 488 m Flat Agricultur Beluguppa No NA No NA Yes 0.47 km . 0.47 4 -083 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG NNE Road- land al land E km E Kuccha Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 734097.0 1625966. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 0.95 km Village 489 m Flat Agricultur Yerragudi No NA No NA Yes 0.36 km . 036 5 -086 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG W Road- Private Agricultural al land W km W Kuccha land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 733847.0 1626377. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 0.74 km Village 491 m Flat Agricultur Yerragudi No NA No NA Yes 0.54 km . 0.54 6 -087 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG W Road- Private Agricultural al land S km S Kuccha land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 733666.0 1627040. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Yerragudi 0.87 km Village 490 m Flat Agricultur No NA No NA Yes 0.064 . 1.1 km 7 -088 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG SSW Road- Private Agricultural al land km S S Kuccha land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 733379.0 1627474. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.27 km Village 490 m Flat Agricultur No NA No NA Yes 1.07 km . 1.07 8 -089 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Yerragudi SSW Road- Private Agricultural al land N km N Pucca land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 733382.0 1627933. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Yerragudi 1.55 km Village 489 m Flat Agricultur No NA No NA Yes 0.64 km . 0.64 9 -090 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG SSW Road- Private Agricultural al land N km N Pucca land Type

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Private Approx. Approx 4 BLG 737582.0 1631468. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 2.3 km 486 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes 2.3 km . 2.7 km Private Agricultural 0 -152 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG SSW No al land SSW S land access

Private Approx. Approx 4 BLG 737555.0 1630743. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.8 km 486m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 1.8 km . 1.97 1 -153 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG SSW Private Agricultural al land SSW km S access land

Private Approx. Approx 4 BLG 737569.0 1629824. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.15 km 486m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 0.57 km . 1.08 2 -155 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG SSW Private Agricultural al land S km S access land

Private 4 BLG 737223.0 1628529. Village of Tagguparthy falling within 500 m of 0.205 Approx. Approx 487 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 3 -158 0 m E 00 m N WTG km N 0.27 km . 0.27 Private Agricultural al land access N km N land

Private 4 BLG 737084.0 1628064. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 0.63 km Approx. Approx 488 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 4 -159 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG N 0.07 km . 0.76 Private Agricultural al land access N km N land

Private 4 BLG 737217.0 1627595. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 0.63 km Approx. Approx 488 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 5 -160 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG N 0.07 km . 0.76 Private Agricultural al land access N km N land

Private 4 BLG 737660.0 1626908. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 2.0 km Approx. Approx 489 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 6 -161 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG N 1.7 km . 1.7 km Private Agricultural al land access N N land

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Private 4 BLG 737660.0 1626908. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 2.3 km Approx. Approx 489 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes 7 -162 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG N No 2.3 km . 2.3 km Private Agricultural al land access N N land

Private 4 BLG 737660.0 1626908. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 2.7 km Approx. Approx 489 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 8 -163 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG N 2.7 km . 2.7 km Private Agricultural al land access N N land

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2.2 LAND REQUIREMENTS

Land for a typical wind power project is required for the following components:

• Wind Turbine Generators; • Internal and approach Roads; • Right of way (RoW) for internal transmission line extending upto PSS; • Pooling sub-station; • Batching plant; and • Stockyard.

The details of land requirement for the various components and the present status of the land procurement and the process followed for the same is captured below.

2.3 LAND DETAILS

The total land requirement for each of the project component, type of land, village from which land is procured, and the status of the land procurement is captured in Table 2.2.

The developer i.e. Suzlon, is directly responsible for negotiating and purchasing the identified land parcels from the local farmers. • Suzlon has a land team working in Anantpur area and comprises of 6 – 7 members. • There are two Suzlon personnel handling land matters for this project, one from the land team and the other from the legal. • Suzlon has two land facilitators, M/s Top View and M/s Sairam Land Developers for the project. • The land purchase process for the project started around November 2015 and purchase of all the locations have been completed by the end of June 2016. • Suzlon is purchasing the land for the project and then transferring it to OUWPPL. At the time of ERM site visit, purchase for 34 locations was completed of the 48 locations and among them 6 locations were transferred in the name of OUWPPL.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Table 2.2 Summary of the land required for the Project

S Project Land Area (in Type of Village Status of procurement N. Component acre) Land 1. Wind Turbine Approx. 3.5-5 Private 8 villages in Purchase of land for 34 Generators (48 acres per Agricultural Beluguppa locations was completed at Nos) WTG mandals the time of site visit and the including the remaining has been land for completed by end of June approach 2016. roads per WTG 2. Pooling Sub 28 acres Private Beluguppa Land has been purchased Station (1) Agricultural from 6 landsellers and sale deed has been executed in the name of Suzlon 3. Transmission Information Private Transmission lines to be Line (31km) not available Agricultural erected parallel to the access roads and therefore no additional land for transmission lines were foreseen. 4. Labour Camps NA Suzlon did not have labor camps for the project as most of the labourers were sourced locally. 5. Operational & 20 acres Private land Gangavaram The land is on lease from 2- Maintenance village 3 land owners facility area 6. Batching Plants 10 acres Mylarampalle The project utilises the village batching plant set up by M/s Top View. Source: ERM Site Visit May 2016, Beluguppa; NA: Not Applicable

2.3.1 Project related land procurement and specific issues

On the basis of the information available presently, some of the observations especially with respect to the project related land procurement are mentioned below.

Schedule V Area1

The project area does not fall under Schedule V area as defined in the Indian constitution.

1.In the Constitution of India, the expression “Scheduled Areas” means such areas as the President may by order declare to be Scheduled Areas. The criteria followed for declaring an area as Scheduled Area are preponderance of tribal population; compactness and reasonable size of the area; under-developed nature of the area; and marked disparity in economic standard of the people. These criteria are not spelt out in the Constitution of India but have become well established. (Source: Official website of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), Government of India (GoI). url: http://tribal.nic.in/Content/DefinitionofScheduledAreasProfiles.aspx. Accessed on 15.07.2015).

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Forest land

The WTG locations are being developed only on private agricultural or unirrigated single crop lands. Therefore, there is no risk to forest ecology, and no issues related to individual claims or community claims over the forest land.

Tribal (Scheduled Tribe) land1

The land mostly belongs to caste Hindus such as Reddy, Kamma, and Balijas,. The land sellers are medium and semi-medium farmers2.

The study area does not fall under the Schedule V area. As observed in Table 5.25, there were few ST families in the study area and during the consultations it was observed that the ST households in the area have patta lands and have built houses on their land. No land has been purchased from the ST population in the area and therefore their livelihoods have not been directly affected by land purchase for the project.

Landlessness

As reported by Suzlon land team, none of the land sellers will be rendered landless or economically vulnerable after the sale. The land sellers with whom ERM undertook consultations confirmed the same.

• Most of the land owners in the area are medium and semi-medium farmers with more than 2 hectares of land. As reported during consultations with land sellers and Suzlon land team, most farmers still are left with many acres of land after the land sale. • As reported by Suzlon team, land was only being purchased from farmers having more than 5 acres of land and they also do not purchase land from the marginal communities such as SC/STs in the area. • Moreover, it was understood from the interactions with the land facilitator that the large farmers (having greater than 5 acres of land) were approaching the aggregators for selling their land. Since the area is

1.Article 366 (25) of the Indian Constitution defines scheduled tribes as "such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this constitution”. The criterion followed for specification of a community, as scheduled tribes are indications of primitive traits, distinctive culture, geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the community at large, and backwardness. This criterion is not spelt out in the Constitution but has become well established. (Source: Official website of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), Government of India (GoI). url: http://tribal.nic.in/Content/DefinitionpRrofiles.aspx. 2 Agriculture Census 2010-11: Schedules and Instructions for Land Record

Sl.No Size Class (Ha.) Farmer Category 1 Below 0.50 ha. 01 Marginal Farmers 2 0.50 ha. – 0.99 ha. 02 3 1.00 ha. – 1.99 ha. 03 Small Farmers 4 2.00 ha. – 2.99 ha. 04 Semi Medium 5 3.00 ha. – 3.99 ha. 05 6 4.00 ha. – 4.99 ha. 06 Medium 7 5.00 ha. – 7.49 ha. 07 8 7.50 ha. – 9.99 ha. 08 9 10.00 ha. – 19.99 ha. 09 Large Farmers

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

drought prone and productivity is low, farmers were eager to sell their land for a lump sum amount.

It was also understood during consultations that most of the land owners are considering the sale because the agricultural situation in the area is grim being a rain shadow region and this has been detailed in the subsequent social baseline section. Therefore, farmers find it more prudent to sell the land at market price than holding them for cultivation. They are utilising the land sale money to meet social obligations (daughter’s marriage etc.), for business investment or children’s education.

Encroachment

No encroachments were observed in the purchased land parcels as the lands belong to individual farmers with the necessary title deeds.

Common Property Resources (CPR)

No Common Property Resources were reported or observed to have been involved or impacted by the project.

NOC from Panchayat

The project proponents have obtained NoCs from the concerned gram panchayats and the copies of the same in the local language were shared with ERM. It was also assessed during the field visit that the Suzlon representatives have cordial relations with the local panchayat.

Wind power policy of the state of Andhra Pradesh

The Energy, Infrastructure and Investment Department of Andhra Pradesh government has come out with a new Wind Power Policy this February (2016) following the expiry of its previous policy in 2013. • The policy exempts wind power projects from obtaining any NOC/Consent for establishment under pollution control laws from AP Pollution Control Board. • As per the Policy, deemed non-agricultural status will be accorded for the land where the wind power project is coming up, on payment of applicable statutory fee.

Cultural heritage

No Cultural heritage sites were reported or identified to have been involved or impacted by the project.

Status of land Transfer/ Mutation

3.05 acres of land per WTG has been transferred in the name of OUWPPL. Prior to this the necessary mutation in the land records in the Revenue

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Department and the process for Change in Land Use (CLU) has been completed by Suzlon. These documents were not available for review.

Non-agricultural status

The non-agricultural status for the land purchased has also been obtained by Suzlon prior to the execution of sale deed by paying the required amount to the Kalyandurga Revenue department.

2.3.2 Land details and existing procurement status for specific components

The land requirement for the various components and the existing procurement status is captured below.

WTGs

All the WTGs for the project are located on private agricultural land. The overall land requirement for establishment of 1 WTG is approximately ~3.05 acres. • The land requirement totals to approximately 5 acres per WTG including the safety zone area and approach roads. • At the time of ERM site visit, Suzlon had completed the land purchase process for 34 locations of the 48 WTG locations. • The sale deeds have been executed initially in the name of Suzlon and transfer of sale deed in the name of OUWPPL has been completed for 6 locations at the time of ERM site visit. • Copies of sale deed executed in the name of Suzlon were made available for review.

Access Roads

The total land requirement for the access road has not been confirmed by Suzlon/OUWPPL. Each approach road shall be approximately 3 m wide as reported. • It was reported that in most cases, the existing roads will be upgraded and used for the project. • The internal road length is estimated to be about 32.3 km and the land purchase process for the approach roads have been completed along with the land purchase for the WTGs. • Sale deeds for the internal road land area have also been completed for 34 locations out of the 48 in the name of Suzlon and the same was made available for review.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Pooling sub station

The 2X100MVA, 33/220KV pooling sub-station for the project is located at Beluguppa on 28 acres of land. The land was previously agricultural land and has been purchased from 6 farmers through willing buyer-willing seller negotiations. The construction work at the sub-station was about to be completed at the time of ERM site visit.

Transmission Line

The route for internal transmission lines have been finalised by the client and process of obtaining easement rights for the transmission lines need to be initiated. • The total length of the internal transmission line has been estimated to be approximately 25 km. However, the number of poles and the number of easement deeds to be registered has still not been finalised. • Suzlon reported that most of the internal transmission line will be laid parallel to the internal roads and therefore they do not foresee much requirements for easement rights as the roads for internal roads have already been purchased. • The aerial distance between proposed Pooling sub-station of OUWPPL and the existing power evacuation gird of AP Transco is 22.2 km. This is proposed to be connected through the 220 KV external transmission line. Approximately 85 towers are proposed to be established in the 24.5 km. proposed transmission line. Land area for establishment of one tower is 10 x 10 sq.mt.

Batching Plant

The project has a single batching plant set up by M/s Top View at Mylarampalle village. The land where the batching plant has been set up is owned by Top View and is a 10 acre plot. Top View also has about three rooms for their batching plant workers within the premises.

2.3.3 Land Purchase Process

Identification/Procurement of land

During the site visit it was reported that the land for the WTG is being purchased through willing buyer-willing seller negotiations. Suzlon works through local land aggregators for the negotiation and purchase of land. Suzlon does not have any land policy or policy for procurement of land.

The criteria for selecting land included:

• identification of land by wind resource department of Suzlon; • accessibility – availability of access roads; • affordability – pricing; and • clear title deed.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

The land was initially purchased in the name of Suzlon and following further mutation of ownership details in the revenue records and the CLU process, 3 acres of WTG land parcels have been transferred in the name of OUWPPL.

Figure 2.2 Land Purchase process for the project

Source: Suzlon

LPI-Land Purchase Intimation FMB-Field Measurement Book WTG-Wind Turbine Generator LAF-Land Acceptance Form WR-Wind Resource CAD- Computer aided, design or drawing

Market Rate

The prevailing guidance value was reported to be INR. 90,000 to 1,20,000 per acre for unirrigated land and Rs. 1,20, 000 to 1,40,000 per acre for irrigated land by the local Mandal official.. But as observed from the sale deeds, Suzlon was offering a higher rate of land purchase to the farmers and was reported to be approximately INR 5 lakhs/acre.

2.3.4 Stakeholder engagement and GRM

Suzlon or OUWPPL does not have any formal stakeholder engagement plan or grievance redressal mechanisms. There are no minutes recorded even for the land purchase negotiations. However, Orange Power has a Coporate CSR Policy and their CSR team will undertake a need assessment survey in the local villages prior to rolling out their CSR activities in the local villages post commissioning of the project.

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2.3.5 Labour

At peak construction, Suzlon and its contractors are expected to have more than 300 labourers. Most of the civil workers are locally sourced and there will be no labour camps set up for the project. Moreover, few migrant laborers were working at the sub-station site for M/s KSA, their electrical subcontractor and under M/s Top View, their batching plant sub-contractor. However, since the construction work at the sub-station was nearing completion, most of the migrant workers of KSA had left the site and there were only about 10 migrant labourers from Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. Their camps were temporary structures made from tin sheets that will be demolished once they leave the site.

2.4 PROJECT COMPONENTS

2.4.1 Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs)

2.4.2 Wind Farm

As mentioned in Chapter 1, the Wind Farm project will comprise of 48 WTGs of the Suzlon S111 model, each with individual capacities of 2.1MW, hence totalling to approximately 100.8 MW. The technical specifications have been elaborated upon in Table 2.3

Table 2.3 Technical Specifications of Suzlon S111 turbine

Parameters Values Wind Class IEC IIIA Rated Power 2,100 kW Operating Data Cut-in Wind Speed 3 m/s Rated Wind Speed 10 m/s Cut-out Wind Speed 21 m/s Rotor Diameter 111.8 m Rotor Swept area 9,817 m2 Frequency 50/ 60 Hz Generator Type Asynchronous 3 phase induction generator with slip rings operated with rotor circuit inverter system ( DFIG)

Tower Hub Heights 90 m Type Tubular Steel Tower / Hybrid Lattice - Tubular Tower* Blade Suzlon Make SB54 • Asynchronous Induction Generator with 6 poledesign and DFIG enable variable speed operation and accommodate fluctuating utility demands through optimal reactive power to feed the necessary consumption patterns. It makes the S111 turbines grid friendly and fully compliant with stringent grid related requirements, such as Indian Electricity Grid Code 2014.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Parameters Values Wind Class IEC IIIA • Six yaw drives enable enhanced control, balancing and load sharing, making the S111 turbine more stable and responsive. Key Design features • The SB54 blades, designed and manufactured by Suzlon are tested for the total lifecycle (one million cycle). • Safe & efficient nacelle design features improved ventilation for better air cooling within the nacelle and an onboard crane for ease of maintenance. Source: 2.1 MW Platform Brochure (S97/ S111)

Associated ancillary facilities and utilities such as the following will be required as part of larger wind farm site planning:

• Transmission line for power evacuation connecting to 33kVA substation; • Transmission line for connecting the 220 KV, D/C EHV line from wind farm substation to the existing government sub station in Mopidi; • Metering point for measuring production from each WTGs; • Pathways and access roads – both inter-site and intra-site; • Material storage yards and stores; • Scrap yards; • Parking bays; • Transit storage areas; and • Central Monitoring Station (CMS) building and facilities.

2.4.3 Pooling Sub Station and Power Evacuation Arrangements

The pooling substation is situated approximately 1.3 km east of the village of Beluguppa. At the time of the site visit, in May 2016, construction of the pooling sub station was still under progress with electrical components being installed for eventual commissioning of the Project. It was understood that the power generated from each of the 48 WTGs will be stepped up to 33 KV via transformers that are installed within each of the 48 WTGs. The power will be transmitted through OFC cables from each WTG to DP yard and then connected to 33 KV DCOH internal transmission line (totalling to approximately 25 km) that are of Rolled Steel Joist (RSJ) type, from where it will be transmitted to the pooling substation located in the village of Beluguppa. It was understood that the construction for the internal transmission line was in progress. Approximately 10x10 m area of land has been utilised for the installation of the poles for the transmission line. The 48 WTGs are connected via a system of 4 feeders (viz. Feeder #.5, Feeder #4, Feeder #6 and Feeder #2) , each utilising the S/C AL59 Dog Line.

With regard to the external transmission line, evacuation from the Pooling Sub Station will be via network of 220 KV DCOH zebra conductor line of approx. 22 .2 km and was in the final stages of construction.The external transmission line passes evacuates its power to the 400/ 220 kV Government Sub Station in the village of Mopidi (Figure 2.4).

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Figure 2.3 33/ 220 kV Substation located near the village of Beluguppa

Source: ERM site visit, May 2016.

Figure 2.4 Evacuation of power from the 220 KV DCOH line from the pooling Sub Station, eventually termination at the Government Substation, in the village of Mopidi.

Source: ERM site visit, May 2016.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

2.4.4 Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)/ Condition Monitoring System (CMS)

Based on the discussion with the OUWPPL personnel, it was understood that the Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)/ Condition Monitoring System (CMS) would be set up within the pooling sub station building, near the village of Beluguppa and would be responsible for day to day monitoring and real time reporting of the 48 WTGs that form the scope of the Project.

2.4.5 Storage Yard

Based on discussions with the Suzlon and OUWPPL, it was understood that WTG components as well as heavy lifting vehicles and earth moving locations were stored at the storage yard (of area of 20 acres) in the village of Gangavaram that was managed by Suzlon (Figure 2.5). The site office was also situated within the storage yard premesis.

Figure 2.5 Storage yard in the village of Gangavaram used for storage of WTG components. The site office is also located, here.

Source: ERM site visit, May 2016.

2.4.6 Batching Plant

The project has a single batching plant set up by M/s Top View at Mylarampalle village. The 10 acre plot has been utilised for storage of raw material for construction purposes as well as construction equipment (viz. Excavator /Breakers, JCB’s, supporting cranes etc.) It was also understood that a mobile batching plant was being utilised for the Project.

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Figure 2.6 Equipment set up in the batching plant for the Project (Location: Mylarampalle village)

Source: ERM site visit, May 2016.

2.4.7 Access Road and Site Access

The road connectivity to the Project area is via State Highway 82, which is located towards the south of the Project area and is a primary means of access and material movement. Site access is also available via the Zilla Parishad/ village (bituminous and ‘Kuccha’) roads that are means of access to villages within the Project area. Access to some of the locations involved travelling over unpaved roads. The road nertwork has been utilised for the transportation of WTG components by a majority of the wind power companies that are operating in the area. The types of roads that are situated in the Project area of influence are presented in Figure 2.7.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 34

Figure 2.7 Type of Roadways present within the Project Area (a) Kuccha Roads Beluguppa Village (b) Internal Access Roads- Avulenna village (c) State Highway -82 and (d) Heavy vehicles plying on State Highway -82

Source: ERM Site Visit, June 2016

2.5 PROJECT ACTIVITIES

The Project activities can be divided into four phases as follows: (a) Planning; (b) Construction; (c) Operations & Maintenance; and (d) Decommissioning.

2.5.1 Planning Phase

The pre-construction phase has four components:

• Identification of land area and site; • Site surveys as topographic, geo-technical investigations, micro-siting studies, electrical grid studies etc.; • All necessary approvals/clearances; and • Design and finalization of contractors;

2.5.2 Construction

Construction stage activities in a wind farm site would include the following:

• Site preparation, including subcontractor mobilisation, erection of fencing or suitable barriers, construction of site compound and lay down areas; • Upgrading and construction of internal roads; • Site clearance;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 35

• Establishment of borrow pits; • Laying of turbine foundations, turbine delivery and installation; • Completion of pooling substations; • Completion of internal electrical connections and external transmission line; • Turbine testing to verify proper operation of the facility; and • Commissioning.

2.5.3 Operations & Maintenance

The list of activities to be carried out in the operation and maintenance phase would be:

• Half yearly and Annual maintenance scheduled activities at each WTG location; • Routine inspection of all WTGs; • Operation and maintenance of ancillary facilities such as yards, stores, CMS building facilities; • Inspection and maintenance of transmission lines; and • Inspection and maintenance of intra-site pathways/access roads.

The wind turbines will operate at all times provided wind speeds are suitable with the exception of downtime required for maintenance activities. For the most part, day to day facility operations will be automated through the use of computerised networking systems. A team of technical wind farm maintenance specialists would be employed by the project during the operations phase. The team will also comprise of administrative staff, security for general maintenance of the wind farm site.

2.5.4 Decommissioning

The decommissioning activities include: • Replace operating WTG turbine with new one of higher capacity or superior technology; • Abandon the project operations and remove WTG parts and ancillary facilities; • Remove transmission lines; and • Return intra-site access roads.

If decommissioned all components, excluding turbine foundations and internal roads of the Project would be removed and the site be rehabilitated. The concrete pedestals of the turbine foundations would be cut down and concrete removed to below finished ground level and covered with topsoil. Infrastructure (such as roads, transmission lines etc.) is likely to be handed over to the government for their use. Some roads will be removed, covered with soil and replanted to allow for a return to previous land-use (forest, one- time cultivation and grazing).

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2.6 RESOURCE REQUIREMNTS FOR THE PROJECT

2.6.1 Water Requirement

Construction Phase

As per discussions with Suzlon personnel, approximately 3360 m3 of water will be required for civil works during the construction of the foundation for all WTGs estimating 70 m3 of water to be utilised for each WTG. Approximately 12 m3 of water would be utilised during the construction of the DP Yard. Potable water (reverse osmosis treated) for the workers for drinking and sanitation purposes, assuming 10 workers at one WTG site and construction of 5 WTGs at a given point of time, is envisaged to be approximately 6 m3 per day.

Operation Phase

Approximately 2-3 m3 per day of water is envisaged to be required during the operational activities considering that 15 employees are present at any given time. Water will be sourced via tankers from nearby villages, particularly, Beluguppa, Srirangapuram, and Thagguparthi.

2.6.2 Raw Materials and Equipment

Construction Phase

For the construction of the foundation of each WTG, raw materials like steel, sand, stone and cement will be required. The estimated quantities for the raw materials are provided in Table 2.4. lists the quantity of raw material to be utilised during the construction phase. The type of equipment as seen during the site visit has been presented in Table 2.5.

Table 2.4 List and quantity of raw material to be utilised for the WTG foundation activities during the construction phase (tonnes per WTG)

List of Quantity (tonnes) Quantity Source of Mode of Construction per WTG (tonnes) to be Material transportation and materials utilsied for DP storage site Yard Private venders Truck/Cement Cement (in MT) 189 3.25 shed at Batching Plant Grouting cement Private venders Truck/Storage yard 3 0 (in MT) Sand (in MT) 409 7 Private venders Truck/Storage yard 20 mm Aggregate Private venders Truck/Storage yard 307 (in MT) 8 10 mm Aggregate Private venders Truck/Storage yard 307 (in MT) 0 Steel (in MT) 27 0.6 Private venders Truck/Storage yard Admixture (in ltr) 1250 0 Private venders Truck/Storage yard Source: OUWPPL

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Table 2.5 Equipment type and quantity to be utilised during the construction phase

Construction equipment Approximate Equipment Number Equipment for Electrical Work DG set (15 kVA) 1 Welding M/C 1 Cutter, Drill M/c 1 Vehicle (Tractor/Utility) 1 Hydra 1 Boring/piling M/C 1 JCB 1 Equipment for civil work Batching Plant 1 Transit Mixers -TM 6 Cube test Machine 1 Concrete pumps 1 Cube Moulds 200 Grouting cube moulds 15 Trailer 1 Water tank 1 shutter set 2 Excavator /Breaker 1 Hydra 1 JCB 2 DG set (15 kVA) 4 Welding M/C 1 Equipment for mechanical work 650 T Main crane 1 180 T supporting crane 1 80T supporting crane 1 70T supporting crane 1 Hydra 1 JCB/Excavator 1 Source: OUWPPL

2.6.3 Fuel requirement and Storage

Construction Phase

The onsite fuel requirement during construction will be about approximately 80-90 liters /day, which shall be transported by tanker trucks. The fuel will be stored in a diesel bunker which is located at the storage yard in Gangavaram.

Operation Phase

For each WTG, about 20 litres per annum of oil would be required for the gearbox and the generator maintenance activities. After the installation of each WTG, the first service of the WTG will be carried out twice every 3 months and is called Class A service and the second services will be undertaken again after 3 months and is termed as Class B service. Subsequently, half yearly maintenance is carried out and the waste oil is sent to oil recycler. The waste oil generated is very negligible.

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2.6.4 Power Requirement

Construction Phase

Power will be supplemented using DG Sets during the installation of the WTGs as well as for the storage area. Permanent power has been established at both the batching and site office. Each location has 1 DG set. There are 5 mobile DG sets that operate the concrete pumps during excavation. Each DG set is of the capacity of 15 kVA.

Operations Phase

No power back up source is envisaged during the operation stage. WTG maintenance will be done with the aid of battery packs that are charged and available at each WTG.

2.6.5 Pollution Control-Embedded Measures

2.6.6 Air Emissions

Construction Phase

Likely emissions into the ambient air from the project during the construction phase will include:

• Fugitive emissions from WTG site preparations works, such as excavation, clearing, filling etc. and use of construction machinery; • Fugitive dust emissions from unpaved roads owing to transportation of manpower and equipment; • Vehicular emission from increased traffic activity during the construction stages; • Emissions form DG sets; and • Dust emissions from batching plant

The control measures for these emissions are as follows:

• Fugitive dust emission from site preparation and the use of construction machinery will be mitigated through maintaining the vehicular speed to 10 – 15 km/hr; • Soil will be used for back filling. Vehicular emission will be controlled through proper maintenance of vehicles and vehicles with proper PUC will be operated at project site; • DG sets to be used will have adequate stack height as per CPCB norms; • Fugitive dust emission arising out of various activities in the batching plants will be mitigated through better material handling and provision of enclosure around the facility

Operations and Maintenance Phase

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During the operations phase there will be no air emissions form the WG areas. However, there will be gaseous and fugitive dust emissions owing to plying of maintenance vehicles. It will be ensured that well maintained vehicles with proper PUC are used for maintenance purposes. DG sets deployed as back-up power, will emit a limited amount of gaseous pollutants into the ambient air.

2.6.7 Noise Emissions

Construction Phase

During the construction phase noise will be generated primarily during the day time. Noise will be generated from moving vehicles as well as construction equipment, including the DG sets utilized for power. Since there are no localities in the vicinity of the proposed Project area, the only receptors of noise pollution are the construction workers.

As a control measure it will be ensured that noise emission from the vehicles and equipment’s shall not exceed 91 dB(A) (for Passenger or commercial vehicles with gross vehicle weight above 12000 kg as specified in Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989). DG sets will be provided with acoustic enclosures and workers near noise generating machines will be provided with ear plugs as safeguard against high noise hazards.

Operations Phase

While in operation, wind turbines produce noise from mechanical and aerodynamic sources:

• Aerodynamic noise emanates from the movement of air around the turbine blades and tower. The types of aerodynamic noise may include low frequency, impulsive low frequency, tonal, and continuous broadband. In addition, the amount of noise may rise with increasing rotation speed of the turbine blades, therefore turbine designs which allow lower rotational speeds in higher winds will limit the amount of noise generated; • Mechanical noise may be generated by machinery in the nacelle of the wind turbines.

As mentioned earlier in this report, the Wind Farm project will comprise of 48 WTGs of the Suzlon S111 model, each with individual capacities of 2.1MW, hence totalling to approximately 100.8 MW. The technical specifications have been elaborated upon in Table 2.3.

2.6.8 Waste Management

Construction Phase

The solid waste generated by the project will consist of labour camp waste, garbage waste, metal scrap, and excess construction materials. The main types of waste that will be generated and sources are shown in Table 2.6.

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Table 2.6 Waste Generated, their sources and method of disposal

SN. Waste Type Source and location Method of Disposal 1 Domestic solid waste Labour activities on Waste will be segregated onsite and will site, canteen/rest area be disposed of at site as approved by local authority. 2 Construction Debris Construction of WTG, All excavated materials to be used for (excavated earth) Access road, backfilling and levelling and other substation, Storage debris shall be used for road yard etc. construction. 3 Packaging waste Packing material for Return back to the suppliers or used as containing wood, WTGs and storage boxes/racks at site. cardboard and other Accessories and recyclables storage yard 4 Sludge from Site Office, toilets Collected and disposed of through Wastewater Septic contractors Tanks 5 Used oil/ waste oil DG set, construction Collected and disposed of through machinery on site approved recyclers in accordance to Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended. 6 Oil contaminated Cleaning activities at Collected and disposed of through rags WTG sites and Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management substation and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended

Operations Phase

• During operation phase, the waste generated from project will include domestic solid waste at SCADA and substation and hazardous waste like waste oil, lubricants and oil contaminated rags will be generated during maintenance activities; • The hazardous wastes will be stored onsite at separate designated covered area provided with impervious flooring. The storage containers/ bins/ drum will be clearly marked and identified for their hazards; • The hazardous wastes will be disposed of in accordance to Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended, through APPCB/ CPCB approved vendors; • Non-recyclable material will be collected, segregated onsite and handed over to local Municipal Corporation for disposal; • Sewage will be disposed of through septic tanks and soak pits.

2.6.9 Wastewater Management

Construction Phase

• The liquid effluents generated during the construction phase will include domestic sewage from project site office; • As part of the site preparation stage, a drainage and sewerage system will be constructed for the site office. The sewerage system will consist of soak pits for the collection of waste water from the camp kitchen and washing areas. Sewage from the toilets will go into lined septic tanks. Sewage

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disposal trucks will be used to periodically remove the sludge/sewage from the site.

Operations Phase

The operation phase will have negligible wastewater generation. Septic tank and soak pits will be provided at SCADA building and CMS monitoring station for disposal of sewage.

2.6.10 Fire Safety and Security

Construction

Appropriate firefighting system and equipment shall be provided throughout the construction period. The fire extinguishers will be placed at all strategic locations such as camp site, site office, storage yard, heavy construction machinery etc. Besides this, emergency contact numbers shall also be displayed onsite. Operations Phase

Structural fire protection

Wind Turbines are designed with fire-resistant material, with a majority of components to be made up of metal. Potentially flammable components would include rotor blades and the panelling of the machine house, which are made from glass-fibre reinforced plastic, electric cables and electrical components, Gear box, transformer and hydraulic oils, hoses and other plastic components.

Fire prevention

The service personnel will take all appropriate measures to prevent fires. Lightening and Fire protection system will be based on relevant standards. Overcurrent protection via the Suzlon Control System (SCS) and air circuit breaker, which is available as a standard in all WTGs that are manufactured by Suzlon. Local regulations shall take precedence where these are more restrictive than the above international standards.

Fire extinguishers

Fire extinguishers and sand buckets will be maintained at each WTG and will be of dry chemical type. These extinguishers are meant for immediate fighting of fire in early stages until the fire responders arrive.

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2.7 PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

2.7.1 Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd.

The main responsibility of the project activities comes under the purview of the Project Manager. Personnel assigned to responsibilities pertaining to (i) Health, Safety and Environment (ii) electrical concerns (iii) civil engineering concerns (iv) mechanical engineering concerns (v) store and supplies and (v) legal affairs. The organisation chart has been detailed in Figure 2.8.

Figure 2.8 Project Organisational structure: Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd

C Balakrishnan Project Manager Projects

Aakash Kumar Aman Sharma Pradip Shewale Venugopal Reddy Vijay Bhaskar Senior Engineer Deputy Manager Senior Engineer Executive Manager Civil Electrical Mechanical Stores HSE

KSVSS Murthy Deputy Manager Legal

Source: OUWPPL

2.7.2 Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd.

Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. is the overall developer of the Project and is also responsible for the installation of the electro-mechanical works of the wind turbines. At Suzlon, the organization is led by the Head- projects who in turn reports to the overall Project Head at the corporate level. The Project Coordinator at the site who works in close liaison with the Suzlon personnel at the site. The organisational structure of Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. has been presented in Figure 2.9.

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Figure 2.9 Organisational structure of Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd.

Source: Suzlon

2.8 CORPORATE POLICIES

Orange Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd.

Orange Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd. have an overarching Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy (dated 21/09/2015) which ensures that; • No harm is caused to people, property and environment; • Sustainable development is ensured to minimised any adverse impacts to the environment and communities surrounding the projects; • Legal requirements and best practices are complied with pertaining to HSE; and • Contractors associated with Orange projects are aligned with Orange’s policies.

The HSE policy of Orange is presented in Annex B.

2.8.1 Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd.

Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. has listed all their corporate governance policies on their website and these include Code of Ethics, CSR Policy and Corporate Governance Policy. However, HSE policy was not available on the webite nor was the same shared by the client.

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3 ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This section highlights the environmental and social regulations applicable to the Project. At the outset, it should be emphasized that this administrative framework focuses on: • IFC Performance Standards (2012) 1 to 8; • The applicable IFC / World Bank Guidelines: o The General EHS Guidelines, o EHS Guidelines for Wind Energy, August 2015; o Guidelines for Power Transmission and Distribution, 2007 (for construction and operation of transmission lines in windfarm); and o EHS Guidelines for Toll Roads, 2007 (for road infrastructure of wind farm); and • Applicable local, national and international environmental and social legislation will also be considered as part of the study.

3.1 PERMITTING STATUS OF THE PROJECT

3.1.1 EIA Notification (2006) and its amendments

As per the EIA Notification (2006) and its amendments, the project does not require any environmental clearance from the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) or the State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA).

3.1.2 Central Pollution Control Board

As per latest notification from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), dated 07/03/2016 (Ref No: B-29012/ ESS (CPA)/2015-2016, “Solar power generation through solar photovoltaic cell, wind power and mini hydel power (less than 25 MW)” has been classified to “white category” from “green category” and therefore “there shall be no necessity in obtaining ‘Consent to Establish and Operate” for white category of industries and an intimation to the concerned SPCB and PCC office”.

3.1.3 Andhra Pradesh Wind Power Policy of 2015

As per the Andhra Pradesh Wind Power Policy of 2015, wind Power Projects have been categorized into three categories i.e. Category I, Category II and Category III and have been elaborated in the table below:

Table 3.1 Categorisation of wind power projects as per A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015

Category Parameter Category I Projects set up in government/revenue lands or forest areas or assigned lands and also in

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Category Parameter private lands selling power within the state. Category II Projects set up for captive use or group captive use/3rd party sale within or outside the state. Category III Sale of power at average power purchase cost and availing Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)

As per the policy, the project falls under Category I. The guidelines of Category 1 projects have been elaborated in the Box, below.

Box 3.1 Category I guidelines, as per the A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015

• Power generated from the wind power projects installed entirely or partly on government/ revenue land or forest areas shall be for sale within the State only. • The Govt. of A.P. may consider proposals for allotment of revenue land if available – at the wind power potential areas on first come first serve basis- based on recommendation of NREDCAP, as per the provisions of New Land Allotment Policy announced by the Government vide G.O. Ms. No: 571, Dt: 14-09-2012 of Revenue (Assignment-I) Dept.; • To facilitate faster execution of projects, the district collector shall handover advance possession of land including pathways to NREDCAP and the land shall be allotted in the joint name of NREDCAP and the Developer. The concerned district collector after taking into account all the necessary undertakings of land proposal shall permit the developer to start the construction. NREDCAP shall withdraw its rights from the land once the project gets commissioned. • In case of forest areas, the developers shall submit the application through the Nodal Agency to the forest department, to consider for allotment as per the guidelines/regulations laid down by the forest department from time to time. • If the wind farm is set up in private land then the Eligible Developer shall procure the land from landholders on their own. Source: A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015

3.2 INSTITUTION FRAMEWORK- ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

A brief description of the relevant enforcement agencies with respect to the institutional framework is described in the following Table 3.2:

Table 3.2 Enforcement Agencies relevant to the Project

Agency Functions Relevance & Applicability to the project National • Research & Development Not a regulatory requirement. Institute of • Wind Resource Assessment Unit: Ideally, the report will be prepared Wind Energy ( • Standards and Certification Unit: by a 3rd party vendor (e.g. 3 Tier, formerly • R&D Testing unit AWS True power, etc.) on behalf of Centre for Suzlon, for OUWPPL. Wind Energy Technology (C- WET)) Ministry of The Ministry of New and Renewable Project has to be based on MNRE New and Energy (MNRE) is the nodal Ministry guidelines. Renewable of the Government of India for all Energy matters relating to renewable energy. (MNRE) The broad aim of the Ministry is to

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Agency Functions Relevance & Applicability to the project develop and deploy new and renewable energy for supplementing the energy requirements of the country.

The Ministry facilitate research, design, development, manufacture and deployment of new and renewable energy systems/devices for transportation, portable and stationary applications in rural, urban, industrial and commercial sectors. Central The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) Project will be developed based on Electricity is a statutory organization constituted technical standards of CEA for Authority under Section 3 of the repealed electrical lines and connectivity to (CEA) Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, here in grid. after replaced by the Electricity Act, 2003. Some of the functions performed by CEA include the following : • Advise the Central Government on the matters relating to the national electricity policy, formulate short- term and perspective plans for development of the electricity system and coordinate activities of the planning agencies for the optimal utilization of resources to sub-serve the interests of the national economy and to provide reliable and affordable electricity to all consumers; • Specify the technical standards for construction of electrical plants, electric lines and connectivity to the grid; • Specify the safety requirements for construction, operation and maintenance of electrical plants and electric lines; • Advise any State Government, licensees or the generating companies on such matters which shall enable them to operate and maintain the electricity system under their ownership or control in an improved manner and where necessary, in coordination with any other Government, licensee or the generating company owning or having the control of another electricity system; etc. Indian The main objectives of IREDA is to Not mandatory, however required if Renewable promote, develop and extend financial loan is taken from IREDA Energy support to specific projects and Development schemes for generating electricity and / Agency Ltd. or energy through new and renewable (IREDA) sources and conserving energy through energy efficiency.

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Agency Functions Relevance & Applicability to the project New and The objectives of the NREDCAP are: Project should be developed based Renewable on the NREDCAP guidelines for Development • To survey, develop and implement renewable energy Corporation of renewable energy programmes of Andhra the State and Central Government; Pradesh Ltd. • To generate electricity through renewable sources like wind and solar on decentralised manner; • To conserve energy in rural areas; • To import and adopt viable technology and machinery in the areas of Non-Conventional energy sources and ensure post installation service.; • To impart training and to promote research and development in the field of Non-conventional energy sources; and • To provide technical consultancy services in implementation of power projects through renewable energy sources.-conventional energy sources. Andhra The main responsibility of The Project should be developed Pradesh APTRANSCO are: based on APTRANSCO’s Policy for Transmission • Operating the transmission promoting generation of electricity Corporation infrastructure within the state from wind. (APTRANSCO) • Commissioning , operation and maintenance of EHV substation • Energy received at EHV substation and energy delivered to electricity distribution companies. State Labour All issues pertaining to implementation Labours to be involved during the Department of labour laws in any establishment, construction phase and few in the shop or factory. operation should be provided with wages and other facilities with state as well as local labour laws and acts. National Green The tribunal will have jurisdiction over U/s 17, any person responsible for Tribunal all civil cases relating to any untoward incidents (defined in implementation of the following Schedule II of the Act) is liable to pay regulations: relief or compensation as determined • The Water Act, 1974; by the tribunal, failing which a • The Water Cess Act, 1977; penalty (u/s 26 and 27) is imposable • The Forest Conservation Act, 1980; which may lead to imprisonment up • The Air Act, 1981; to 3 years or fine up to INR 10 Crores • The Environment Protection Act, or both and an additional fine of INR 1986; 25,000 per day for any delay, which • The Public Liability Insurance Act, may further be increased to INR one 1991; and lac per day. • The Biological Diversity Act, 2002

The Act provides for compensation on account of following • Relief and compensation to the victims of pollution and other environmental damage arising

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Agency Functions Relevance & Applicability to the project under enactment of the above acts; • Restitution of property damaged; and • Restitution of the environment. Gram The local Panchayats are empowered NOCs are required from the Panchayats with management of local resources Panchayats at the time of initiating a like forests, groundwater, common project in local area. Panchayats are land and infrastructure like roads, also empowered to levy and collect buildings, etc. local taxes on land, property and provisioning of facilities. District Private land purchase process by the Land purchase process for the Administration land aggregator will be regularized by various components of project such (Collector’s the state government under Andhra as WTG, substation, roads , batching Office) Pradesh Rules under Registration Act plant etc would be followed as per 1908 through District collector and State Land revenue code and land revenue department registration act of Andhra Pradesh.

3.3 APPLICABLE REGULATORY/ POLICY FRAMEWORK

Table 3.3 summarizes the key regulations that are relevant to the project across its lifecycle. This table should be used to update/develop a comprehensive legal register for the Project which can be regularly monitored for compliance as well as updated to reflect changes/non-applicability of regulations, policies and standards.

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Table 3.3 Applicable environmental and social legislative framework for wind power projects

Applicable Indian Legislation/Guidelines Agency Responsible Remark/ Status

- construction Pre Construction Operations Decommissioning Land Purchase A. P. Land Revenue Code √ √ X X District collector The applicability of these regulations is for purchase of private land. and revenue department Forest Conservation Act 1980 and as amended in 1988 √ √ X X MoEFCC The applicability of these regulations is for diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes. Environment Protection Environment Protection Act, 1986 and as amended √ √ √ √ APPCB Permissible limits for ambient air quality, water quality, noise limits has been laid down by CPCB CPCB under EP Act, 1986, which requires to be complied with. MoEFCC

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, as amended X X X X APPCB As per A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015, the project is exempted from obtaining Consent to Establish (CTE) before start of construction activities and Consent to Operate (CTO) before commissioning of the project from APPCB.

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, as amended X X X X APPCB As per A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015, , the project is exempted from obtaining Consent to Establish before start of construction activities and Consent to Operate before commissioning of the project from APPCB

The Noise (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended up to 2010 √ √ √ √ APPCB As per the Act, ambient noise levels are to be maintained as stipulated in the rules for different categories of areas such as residential, commercial, industrial and silence zones. Considering the context of the project, OUWPPL and Suzlon will need to abide by the limits prescribed for residential zones. Handling of Hazardous Wastes Hazardous Wastes (Management Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2008 and X √ √ √ APPCB Generation of waste oil and transformer oil at site attracts the provisions of Hazardous and Other as amended Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended. The hazardous wastes have to dispose through approved recyclers only.

Labour and Working Conditions Andhra Pradesh Factories Rules 1950 X √ √ X Deputy Chief OUWPPL/ Suzlon needs to comply to all requirement of factories rules and participate in periodic Inspector of inspection during the Operations Phase Factories • Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of X √ √ √ State Department of OUWPPL/ Suzlon and their contractors need to comply to the requirements of the these Service) Act, 1996; Labour regulations • Inter-state Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Condition of Service) Act, 1979; • Contract Labour Act, 1970 • The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986; X √ √ √ State Department of OUWPPL/ Suzlon will need to comply to the requirements of the these regulations • The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976; Labour • Minimum Wages Act, 1948; • Equal Remuneration Act 1976; • Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923; • Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. Companies Act, 2013 X X √ X OUWPPL/ Suzlon According to Schedule 135 sub-section 1, the companies meeting the threshold criteria specified should spend in every financial year, at least 2% of the average net profits of the company made during the three immediately preceding financial years, in pursuance of CSR Policy.

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Applicable Indian Legislation/Guidelines Agency Responsible Remark/ Status

- construction Pre Construction Operations Decommissioning The project will need to comply with the requirements as stated in the law, if it attracts provision under above mentioned schedule. Applicable International Conventions Conventions on the Conservation of Migratory species of wild animals and migratory species √ √ √ √ State Forest Migratory bird in the project area bears protection from killing under Convention of Migratory Department Species (CMS) to which India is a signatory. Kyoto Protocol: The 3rd Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate √ √ √ √ NATCOM The project being a wind power generation project becomes the basis for qualifying for Clean Change (FCCC) in Kyoto in December 1997 introduced the Clean Development Mechanism Development Mechanism. (CDM) as a new concept for voluntary greenhouse-gas emission reduction agreements. IFC/ World Bank Guidelines IFC Performance Standards √ √ √ √ IFC The ESIA report has been prepared on lines of IFC Performance Standards (2012). IFC/WB General EHS Guidelines X √ √ √ IFC During the construction, operation and eventual decommissioning of the site, these guidelines need IFC Guidelines for Power Transmission and Distribution X √ √ √  to be followed. IFC Guidelines for Wind Energy Projects X √ √ √ IFC Guidance on Worker Accommodation X √ √ √

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3.4 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has stipulated different environmental standards w.r.t. ambient air quality, noise quality, water and waste water for the country as a whole under EP Act, 1986. Following standards are applicable to the project and need to be complied with during the project life cycle.

• National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQ Standards), as prescribed by MoEFCC vide, Gazette Notification dated 16th November, 2009; • Drinking water quality- Indian Drinking Water Standard (IS 10500: 2012); • General standards for discharge as prescribed under the Environment Protection Rules, 1986 and amendments (G.S.R 422 (E) dated 19.05.1993 and G.S.R 801 (E) dated 31.12.1993 issued under the provisions of E (P) Act 1986); • Noise standards specified by the MoEFCC vide Gazette notification dated 14th February, 2000 (Noise Pollution (Regulation and control) Rules, 2000); and • The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.

Details of different environmental standards are provided in Annex C.

IFC/ WB Standards

The General EHS guidelines (30th April 2007) of IFC/ WB have outlined following environmental standards which needs to be complied for the project.

• IFC/WB Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality Standards; • IFC/WB Guidelines for treated sanitary sewage discharges; • IFC/WB Noise Standards.

3.5 INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS

3.5.1 IFC Requirements

IFC applies the Performance Standards (1) to manage social and environmental risks and impacts and to enhance development opportunities in its private sector financing in its member countries eligible for financing. The Performance Standards may also be applied by other financial institutions choosing to support them in the proposed project. These performance standards and guidelines provide ways and means to identify impacts and affected stakeholders and lay down processes for management and mitigation

(1) http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/Content/PerformanceStandards

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of adverse impacts. Together, the Client is required to meet the stipulations of all the eight Performance Standards throughout the life of an investment in the case such an investment is being sought either form IFC or any other institution which follows IFC standards.

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Table 3.4 IFC Performance Standards

IFC- Description Objectives PS. 1 Assessment and • To identify and evaluate environmental and social risks and impacts of the project; Management of • To adopt a mitigation hierarchy to anticipate and avoid, or where avoidance is not possible, minimize and, Environmental and Social where residual impacts remain, compensate/offset for risks and impacts to workers, Affected Communities, Risks and Impacts and the environment; • To promote improved environmental and social performance of clients through the effective use of management systems; • To ensure that grievances from Affected Communities and external communications from other stakeholders are responded to and managed appropriately; and • To promote and provide means for adequate engagement with Affected Communities throughout the project cycle on issues that could potentially affect them and to ensure that relevant environmental and social information is disclosed and disseminated.

2 Labour and Working • To promote the fair treatment, non-discrimination, and equal opportunity of workers; Conditions • To establish, maintain, and improve the worker-management relationship; • To promote compliance with national employment and labor laws; • To protect workers, including vulnerable categories of workers such as children, migrant workers, workers engaged by third parties, and workers in the client’s supply chain; • To promote safe and healthy working conditions, and the health of workers; and • To avoid the use of forced labor.

3 Resource Efficiency and • To avoid or minimize adverse impacts on human health and the environment by avoiding or minimizing Pollution Prevention pollution from project activities; • To promote more sustainable use of resources, including energy and water; and • To reduce project-related GHG emissions.

4 Community Health, Safety • To anticipate and avoid adverse impacts on the health and safety of the Affected Community during the project and Security life from both routine and non-routine circumstances; and • To ensure that the safeguarding of personnel and property is carried out in accordance with relevant human rights principles and in a manner that avoids or minimizes risks to the Affected Communities.

5 Land Acquisition and • To avoid, and when avoidance is not possible, minimize displacement by exploring alternative project designs; Involuntary Resettlement • To avoid forced eviction; • To anticipate and avoid, or where avoidance is not possible, minimize adverse social and economic impacts

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IFC- Description Objectives PS. from land acquisition or restrictions on land use by (i) providing compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost and (ii) ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with appropriate disclosure of information, consultation, and the informed participation of those affected; • To improve, or restore, the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced persons; and • To improve living conditions among physically displaced persons through the provision of adequate housing with security of tenure5 at resettlement sites

6 Biodiversity Conservation • To protect and conserve biodiversity; and Sustainable • To maintain the benefits from ecosystem services; and Management of Living • To promote the sustainable management of living natural resources through the adoption of practices that Natural Resources integrates conservation needs and development priorities.

7 Indigenous Peoples • To ensure that the development process fosters full respect for the human rights, dignity, aspirations, culture, and natural resource-based livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples; • To anticipate and avoid adverse impacts of projects on communities of Indigenous Peoples, or when avoidance is not possible, to minimize and/or compensate for such impacts; • To promote sustainable development benefits and opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in a culturally appropriate manner; • To establish and maintain an ongoing relationship based on Informed Consultation and Participation (ICP) with the Indigenous Peoples affected by a project throughout the project’s life-cycle; • To ensure the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) of the Affected Communities of Indigenous Peoples when the circumstances described in this Performance Standard are present; and • To respect and preserve the culture, knowledge, and practices of Indigenous Peoples.

8 Cultural Heritage • To protect cultural heritage from the adverse impacts of project activities and support its preservation; and • To promote the equitable sharing of benefits from the use of cultural heritage. Source: Source: IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability, 2012 ed.

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4 SCREENING AND SCOPING

At the initial stage of the ESIA process, preliminary information was provided to aid in the determination of what legal and other requirements apply to the Project. This step was conducted utilising a high level description of the Project and its associated facilities. The screening process involved the following:

• Reviewing of applicable regulatory framework for the proposed Wind Power Project; • Reviewing of available Project related activities and their impacts on various components of environment; • Collection and compilation of available secondary baseline data from different sources; and • Categorisation of Project as per IFC guidelines.

4.1 SCREENING METHODOLOGY

For the screening exercise, ERM undertook discussions with, both, the OUWPPL and Suzlon team and a review of the documents available. The following sub sections provide an understanding of the methodology followed.

4.1.1 Kick-off Meeting

The ERM team had a brief kick-off meeting with the OUWPPL team prior to site reconnaissance visit. A discussion was also held with regard to the expectations from this assessment in terms of scope of work, deliverables, timeline and the methodology to be followed for the same.

4.1.2 Document Review

Desk based review of the relevant documents of the project site and its surroundings were carried out to have a clear understanding of the Project and its impacts. Following documents were made available for review as part of ESIA: • Co-ordinates of all the 48 WTGs and; • Various documents for the Project;

A review of the secondary information available on the project area, the administrative block, the district and the state was undertaken so as to allow for the primary data to be substantiated and complimented.

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4.2 PROJECT CATEGORISATION

4.2.1 Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EFPI) and International Performance Standards (IFC)

Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EFPIs) are required to categorise projects according to the magnitude of its potential impacts based on the environmental and social screening criteria of the International Performance Standards (IFC) as per the following understanding:

• Category A: Projects with potential significant adverse social or environmental impacts that are diverse, irreversible or unprecedented; • Category B: Projects with potential limited adverse social or environmental impacts that are few in number, site-specific, largely reversible, and readily addressed through mitigation measures; or • Category C: Projects with minimal or no adverse social or environmental impacts.

With reference to the IFC’s environmental and social screening criteria, it is anticipated that the proposed Project will fall under ‘Category B’ for the following reasons:

• Environmental and impacts of the project are anticipated during the construction phase will encompass in increase noise & vibration and air quality during the site preparation including setting and operation of batching plants, labour camps, excavations for WTGs, Transmission Line Towers, vehicular transport, Impact on terrestrial ecology in and around WTG’s; Internal and external transmission line towers, pooling substations etc.; • The project does not involve any involuntary resettlement as only private farmlands have been purchased for the project. Also most of the land sellers are semi-medium to medium farmers and no one reportedly has been rendered landless due to the project; • The census record reports only a minor presence of Scheduled Tribe population within the project footprint area and as reported by Suzlon management no land has been purchased from any marginalised communities. The project also does not fall under Schedule V area; • There could be potential livelihood losses for vulnerable communities in the area whose primary occupation is agricultural labour due to the cumulative effect of farmland sales in the study area. However, this could be mitigated with targeted and appropriate CSR interventions; • The study area is surrounded by numerous wind farms and more windfarms are anticipated to be developed around the Project Area. Therefore, this project could also add to the cumulative impacts of increased traffic in the area owing to people and materials movement for the O&M phase of the existing wind farm projects and for the construction of new wind farm projects. This could be mitigated by appropriate traffic management in the Project Area.

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• No significant cultural heritage sites are located in the project area and therefore no impact on any local cultural properties is anticipated due to the project activities; • During the construction phase, there will be site-specific reversible impacts to Endangered and Near Threatened mammals and birds in the area. However, the project is not anticipated to lead to a reduction in the population of the Endangered and Near Threatened species or a loss in area of the habitat concerned, such that the persistence of a viable and representative host ecosystem is compromised; and • During the operation phase, there will be site-specific adverse irreversible impacts to birds and bats from operating wind turbine blades and the electrical transmission infrastructure. Once, the project is decommissioned, the impacts will be non-existent and all else being equal, the status of birds and bats will revert to the pre-project baseline.

4.3 SCOPING METHODOLOGY

Scoping has been undertaken to identify the potential Area of Influence for the Project (and thus the appropriate Study Area), to identify potential interactions between the Project and resources/receptors in the Area of Influence and the impacts that could result from these interactions, and to prioritize these impacts in terms of their likely significance. It is to be noted here that during the period of ESIA study, Project is in the Planning and Pre- Construction phase, therefore, the scoping exercise includes all the phases of the project, i.e., planning and pre-construction, construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning into consideration.

The scoping exercise was undertaken on the basis of the information available on the project, the discussions with the Project team and the prior understanding of ERM of wind power projects. Potential impacts have been identified through a systematic process whereby the features and activities (both planned and unplanned) associated with the construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning phases of the Project have been considered with respect to their potential to interact with resources/ receptors. However, social impacts are assessed retrospectively for the land purchase process during preconstruction phase. Potential impacts have each been classified in one of three categories:

• No interaction: where the Project is unlikely to interact with the resource/ receptor (e.g., wholly terrestrial projects may have no interaction with the marine environment); • Interaction likely, but not likely to be significant: where there is likely to be an interaction, but the resultant impact is unlikely to change baseline conditions in an appreciable/detectable way; and • Significant interaction: where there is likely to be an interaction, and the resultant impact has a reasonable potential to cause a significant effect on the resource/receptor.

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As a tool for conducting scoping, the various Project features and activities that could reasonably act as a source of impact were identified, and these have been listed down the vertical axis of a Potential Interactions Matrix. The resources/receptors relevant to the Baseline environment have been listed across the horizontal axis of the matrix.

Each resulting cell on the Potential Interactions Matrix thus represents a potential interaction between a Project feature/activity and a resource/ receptor.

The under construction wind power Project will involve the following key activities during its life cycle which will include planning/ pre-construction, construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning phases and the same has been detailed in Section 2.

4.4 SCOPING RESULTS

The completed potential interactions matrix for Project activities and likely impacted resources/ receptors is presented in Table 4.1. Those cells that are coloured ‘white’ are ‘scoped out’ for further consideration in the ESIA Process. Those interactions that are ‘grey’ are also ‘scoped out’, but the ESIA report includes a discussion that presents the evidence base (e.g., past experience, documented data, etc.) used to justify the basis upon which this decision was made. Those interactions that are shaded ‘black’ are retained for further consideration in the ESIA Process.

Interactions that are likely to lead to significant impacts are presented in Table 4.2 and will be the focus of the impact assessment. Owing to site conditions there are certain possible interactions that will not take place. As a result these interactions have been “scoped out” and are presented in Table 4.3.

4.4.1 Cumulative Impacts

It was observed during site reconnaissance survey, that existing wind farms, managed by Suzlon, are present in the Project area especially towards the south and east of the Project. Wind Farms are known to present in the villages of Venkatadri Palli, approximately 0.7 km south of BLG-086, approximately 1.9 km east of WTG BLG-085, approximately 2.4- 3 km east of WTGs BLG-155 to BLG 163, which could lead to some environmental, social and ecological cumulative impacts. Cumulative impacts have been elucidated, further in Chapter 7 of the report.

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Table 4.1 Potential interactions matrix for the 100.8 MW Project, near the village of Beluguppa.

Environmental and Social

Resources/ Receptors

nd heritage Ecology Land use

Resources

Displacement Visual Landscape Water Environment Culture a Ambient Quality Air Ambient Noise Levels Noise Ambient Land based Livelihoods Land based

and Influx ( Demography Natural /Common Property Property /Common Natural Community Health and Safety and Health Community

and Safety Health Occupational Local Economy and Employment and Economy Local Social Infrastructure and Services Social Infrastructure

Project Phase and Activity Environment Land and Quality Soil Planning Phase Wind Master/ Meteorological Master Installation Design and Finalization of Contractors Land acquisition Construction Phase Pathways and access road construction WTG location preparation – site clearance Construction material transport and storage Labour camp Mobilization of Construction machinery Mobilizing and operating DG sets Establishment of Batching Plant Foundation excavation and construction Transportation of WTG components to site WTG parts and other equipment – transit storage yards Office building construction Transmission line – Pole laying and line installation Internal electric connections

Wind farm commissioning

Operation and Maintenance Phase Normal operation of windfarm Routine inspection and maintenance scheduled activities at each WTG location Operation and maintenance of ancillary facilities such as yards, stores. Inspection, maintenance and operation of transmission lines Inspection, maintenance and operation of intra-site pathways/access roads Structural Failure of WTG due to Natural Hazard like cyclone, earthquake. Decommissioning Phase Remove WTG parts and ancillary facilities Remove transmission lines Return intra-site access roads Restoration of wind farm site land

= Represents “no” interactions is reasonably expected = Represents interactions reasonably possible but none of the outcome will lead to significant impact = Represents interactions reasonably possible with one of the outcomes may lead to potential significant impacts

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Table 4.2 Interactions identified that are likely to result in significant impacts

Interaction Justification for Expectation of Potentially Significant Impacts (between Project Activity and Resource/Receptor) Change in land use • Construction of temporary structures – stockyard, batching plant, and will change the land use for short period; • Clearing of vegetation for Project related activities; • Laying of transmission lines and towers, paving and widening of access roads, erection of WTG towers and site office will lead to permanent change in land use; and • Restoration of wind farm site after Project cycle will reverse the land use to the original one. Impacts on Land • Decrease of soil quality due to loss of vegetation cover; and Soil • Higher soil evaporation and loss of soil moisture because of loss Environment of vegetation cover; • Impact on land environment because of widening and paving of access/internal roads and laying of transmission lines; • Erosion of loose soil during monsoon season and windy periods; • Sedimentation of nearby water bodies due to excessive soil erosion and run-off; • Compaction of soil due to foundation construction and heavy traffic use; • Removal of top soil at WTGs, ancillary facilities and transmission tower sites; • Generation of construction debris, solid municipal waste and decommissioning waste; • Impact on soil and land environment due to improper management of domestic solid waste generated; • Storage and handling of hazardous waste (e.g. fuel and lubricant) and accidents/negligence leading to leaks and soil contamination; • Generation of hazardous waste during operation of the Project e.g. small amounts of waste oil; and • Restoration of wind farm site after Project cycle. Impact on Water . Requirement of water for domestic and construction purposes Resources may put a stress on local water resources; . Impact on surface water quality due to run-off from storage area during monsoon; and . Discharge of wastewater into water bodies. Impact on air • Fugitive dust emissions due to movement of machinery and quality vehicles; • Dust emissions from operation of batching plant, excavation, back-filling activities, etc.; • Decreased environmental resilience to air pollution because of loss of forest vegetation; and • Air emissions due to operations of DG sets to be used for emergency power backup and batching plant. Visual Landscape . The visual landscape of the study area will be altered due to the WTGs and supporting facilities; . Presence of construction equipment during construction phase; . Decreased visual aesthetic of converting land atop the mountains to open plains with scattered vegetation; and . Presence of internal and external transmission lines. Increased Ambient . Generation of noise during clearing of vegetation; Noise Levels . Noise generation due to movement of vehicles and heavy earth moving machineries during construction phase;

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Interaction Justification for Expectation of Potentially Significant Impacts (between Project Activity and Resource/Receptor) . Noise generation during excavation and drilling of rocky land for WTGs; . Noise generation due to widening and paving of access roads; . Generation of noise during operation of batching plant and from DG Sets; . Generation of noise due to operation of WTGs; and . Generation of noise while decommissioning the WTG components and ancillary facilities at the end of the Project life cycle. Ecological . Loss of habitat and resulting impact on flora & fauna due to Impacts clearance of vegetation; . Disturbance due to increased anthropogenic presence and activity due to construction activities; . Faunal mortality due to vehicular movement on roads; . Collision and mortality risk to avifauna and bats from operating wind turbine blades; and . Collision and electrical hazards to birds from electrical transmission infrastructure. Occupational Health • There is a likelihood of some risks to health and safety of workers. and Safety Community Health • Potential shadow flickering effect on the habituations located close to and Safety the WTGs area; • The community living in the vicinity of the WTGs will be exposed to risk of structure failure of WTGs. • Cumulative impact of increased traffic in the project area owing to the many wind farm projects in the area. Livelihood • Job opportunities due to project, especially for unskilled and semi- skilled laborers and security workers. But the major impact due to employment opportunities is during the construction phase where they have recruited locals for mainly unskilled jobs during construction. Since the project is about to be operational, only few locals may find employment as security staffs at the WTG locations. Therefore the impact on the local economy due to employment opportunity during the operation phase of the project is positive, but negligible. • The diversion of the cultivable land for non-agricultural use will reduce the availability of land for agricultural laborers in the area may be affected due to reduced availability of land. This can have a minor impact on the livelihoods of local agricultural laborers. However, there might be a cumulative impact of livelihood loss for agricultural laborers in the area owing to the numerous wind farm projects in the area. • Land Sellers for the WTG locations have gained financially. But the land purchase process had been completed during ERM site visit, and no further individual economic impact is foreseen during the operations phase of the project. Social Development • Suzlon and Orange have a robust corporate CSR team and have a through CSR CSR personnel employed in their site location. Andhra Pradesh has a CSR employee of Suzlon and 20 villages; 18 in Anantapur and 2 in Cuddapah districts are being covered by Suzlon CSR. Orange too has a CSR representative in the area and has reportedly undertaken CSR activities in the other wind farm projects in the locat • Some of the CSR activities undertaken include provision of village RO filters, Tree plantation, eye camp, water harvesting structures, eye-camps, skill training for women, micro-enterprise initiative etc. • As part of this project, another 7-8 villages of Vidapanankallu

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Interaction Justification for Expectation of Potentially Significant Impacts (between Project Activity and Resource/Receptor) Mandal will also be brought under the CSR umbrella of Suzlon. CSR initiatives, if effectively implemented can have a major impact on the project area, which is one of the most backward districts in the state.

The Scoped- out interactions during the proposed Project's life cycle have been elaborated in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3 Scoped- out interactions during the proposed Project's life cycle

SN. Impact Title Reason for Scoping-out 1 Impact on local • There is no significant influx of migrant workers during the demographics construction phase of the wind farm project, since most of the unskilled and semi-skilled laborers have been sourced locally. However, since the project was about to being operational, there were no migrant workers on-site. • Wind farm projects also require very little manpower during operations phase, therefore no significant influx of population is expected. 2 Prevalence of • Since there are no significant migrant workers involved for communicable the project, the potential for introduction of communicable diseases disease due to outside labour in the area has been scoped out.

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5 ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE

Baseline refers to the physical, biological, cultural and human conditions that will prevail in the absence of the project, including interactions amongst them. Establishing baseline helps in understanding the prevailing environmental, ecological and socio-economic status of the study area. It provides requisite information of the biophysical and social environment for decision makers to take appropriate measures regarding the project.

Establishing baseline provides the background environmental and social conditions for prediction of the future environmental characteristics of the area before setting up of the project. It also helps in environmental and social management planning and provides a basis to finalize a strategy for minimizing any potential impact due on surrounding environment due to setting up of the project.

This section establishes the baseline environmental, ecological and socio- economic status of the wind farm site and surrounding area to provide a context within which the impacts of the wind farm project are to be assessed.

5.1 LOCATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE SETTING

5.2 AREA OF INFLUENCE

For the purpose of the baseline establishment and impact assessment, an Area of Influence (AoI) has been identified. This sub section provides an understanding of the AoI thus identified and the reasons for the same.

5.2.1 Study Area

The study area considered for ESIA includes an area within 5 km radius from farthest of WTGs. The study area of 5 km has been selected based on the location of Project site and its footprint, nature and spatial distribution of potential social and environmental impacts (based on similar type of projects).

Project footprint Area

The Project Footprint is the area that may reasonably be expected to be physically touched by Project activities, across all phases. Physically, there is no demarcation or fencing for the Project Site boundary and hence it is contiguous with the rest of the area.

The Project Footprint for Project includes land used for the erection of WTGs, substation, storage of materials, site office, access roads, and internal and external transmission lines.

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Project Area of Influence (AoI)

The effects of the Project and Project activities on a particular resource or receptor will have spatial (distance) and temporal (time) dimensions, the scale of which is dependent on a number of factors. These factors are incorporated in the definition of the Project’s Area of Influence (AoI).

The AoI considered for the existing Project with respect to the environmental and social resources was based on the following reach of impacts:

• Environmental parameters: Project site boundary, immediate vicinity, access road and surroundings, i.e. a study area of approximately 5 km (hereafter referred to as the AoI) distance from project line has been used to depict these parameters; o Noise: Noise impact area (defined as the area over which an increase in environmental noise levels due to the Project can be detected) – typically 1 km from operations (this includes a distance of 10 times the size of the rotor diameter of the WTG); o Air Quality: Dust emissions, fugitive dust –typically up to 100 m from Construction, operations and maintenance area; o Land environment: The impacts on soil and land- typically up to 100 m from project foot print area; o Ecological Environment (Terrestrial and Aquatic): This includes: (a) the direct footprint of the project comprising the wind farm; (b) The areas immediately adjacent to the project footprint within which a zone of ecological disturbance is created through increased dust, human presence and project related activities (e.g., trampling, transportation activities).; • Social and Cultural: the AoI for the project is identified as the area within a 5 km radius from the project footprint area, comprising of approximately 10 villages.

Core and Buffer Zone

This AoI is in turn, divided into a core and buffer zone. This division of the AoI into two zones is based on the understanding that the majority of the impacts from the project (during the mobilization, construction, operations and decommission phase) would be contained within a 1 km radius from the Project Footprint in terms of spread and intensity, with the buffer zone appearing to have limited interaction with the project.

The physical feature map of the Project has been presented in Figure 5.1

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Figure 5.1 Physical feature map of the Project AoI

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5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE METHODOLOGY

The following sub sections provide an understanding of the methodology followed for the establishment of the environmental baseline.

As mentioned in the earlier sections, ERM undertook a site visit between the 3rd of May to the 7th of May, 2016 to understand the site setting, environmental and social sensitivities and to identify the relevant local stakeholders. The site visit included a walkover of the site and associated facilities with the OUWPPL and Suzlon teams. Limited consultation with the local community, local community representatives, local NGOs and local government officials was conducted to understand the local environmental and social issues in the area and to receive feedback from stakeholder on these issues. A reconnaissance survey using available recent satellite imagery of the study area around the Project was initially conducted to identify environmental and social sensitive receptors located within the study area.

As part of this site visit, primary data was collected from sensitive spots and other places inside the AoI and concerned government departments and other relevant agencies were also contacted in order to obtain information. The following sub sections provide an understanding of the same.

Primary Baseline Data Collection

Kiwis Eco Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, recognized by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India was engaged for collection of baseline information on ambient noise quality between the 5th of May to the 15th of May, 2016. The primary baseline data was collected for aspects detailed out in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Primary Baseline Data Collection

S.N. Environmental Attribute No. of Frequency Remarks Locations/Ar ea 1 Ambient Air Quality 2 Twice a week for Air Quakity at neaby One Week at villages were two monitored twice a locations week for one week at two (2) locations. 2 Ambient Noise Quality 8 Once during the Noise levels were monitoring monitored on hourly period basis for 24 hours at six (8) locations. 3 Water Quality 1 Surface Once during the To assess water Water and 3 monitoring quality in the Project Ground period Area. One (1) surface Water water and three (3) ground water samples, from hand pumps, from nearby villages.

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Secondary Baseline Data Collection

Secondary baseline data collection involved identifying and collecting existing published materials and documents. Information on various environment aspects (like geology, hydrology, drainage pattern, ecology etc.), meteorology and socio economic aspects were collected from different institutions, government offices and literatures etc. Secondary data was collected for the aspects as given in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 Secondary Baseline Data Collection

S. N. Attribute Source of Data Collection 1 Meteorological data India Meteorological Department (IMD) 2 Geology, geomorphology, Geological Survey of India (GSI) and State Ground hydrogeology and hydrology Water Board 3 Land use Through Satellite Imageries 4 Natural Hazards Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council of India (BMTPC) Meteorological Department

Environmental and social baseline data was collected through primary surveys as well as through secondary sources by literature survey and discussions with the concerned departments/agencies. Details of data collected are summarized in subsequent sections.

5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE FINDINGS

5.4.1 Land cover and use

The land use of the Project AoI comprises primarily of agricultural land which covers approximately 84.84% of the Project area. The Project AOI also comprises of wasteland which covers approximately 7.34 % of the area. The built-up area comprises of approximately 1.75% of the area. Waterbodies comprise of approximately 2.62 % of the area. The land use statistics have been elaborated upon in detail in Table 5.3 and a map detailing the land use/ land cover has been provided in Figure 5.2.

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Table 5.3 Land use break detail of the Project

Level –I Level –II Level –III Area (Sq. km) % of Geographical Area Built up Built-up Rural Settlement 5.59 1.75 Sub- Total 5.59 1.75 Agricultural Land Cropland Kharif Crop 49.76 15.63 Rabi Crop 154.80 48.62 Double Crop (Kh + Ra) 20.38 6.40 Fallow Land Current Fallow 36.26 11.39 Salt affected land- Salt affected land Moderate 8.94 2.81 Sub- Total 270.12 84.84 Wastelands-Scrub Wasteland land Rocky/Stony 0.48 0.15 Land with Open scrub 22.29 7.00 Shallow Ravines 0.64 0.20 Sub- Total 23.41 7.35 Deciduous Forest- Forest Deciduous Forest Open 3.69 1.16 Scrub Forest Scrub Forest 7.26 2.28 Sub- Total 10.95 3.44 Waterbodies-Kharif Water bodies Waterbody Extent 0.22 0.07 Waterbodies-Rabi Extent 1.39 0.44 Waterbodies-Dry 2.59 0.81 Waterbodies- River/Stream-Dry 4.14 1.30 Sub- Total 8.34 2.62 Total 318.41 100.00

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Figure 5.2 Land use in the Project AoI

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5.4.2 Local Topographical Features

The local topographical features across the study area comprise of flat terrain. Areas that comprise of village settlements and other human activities are generally flat and have been conditioned over time to support agricultural activities. Hilly terrain has also been observed during the site visit towards the south-south west of the WTGs. The WTG locations are located on terrain that is a primarily flat terrain. The WTG locations have base elevations ranging from 440-500 metres above mean sea level (MSL). The contour map as well as the digital elevation (DEM) of the Project AoI is presented in Figure 5.3 and Figure 5.4.

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Figure 5.3 Contour Map of the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Figure 5.4 Digital Elevation Map of the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

5.4.3 Geology and Hydrogeology

According to the Department of Mines and Geology,-Andhra Pradesh, the lithology of the Anantapur district comprises of three rock groups. They are as follows

(i) Middle Proterozoic age rocks which leads to the Cudappah Supergroup of rocks comprising of the Paraghni group, the Chitravati group and the Kurnool group. Major rock types comprise of quartzite, shale, limestone and their conglomerates. The ground water prospects in areas that comprise these rocks are limited, discontinuous and with less yield potential;

(ii) Archaen rock types which comprises of peninsular gneiss complex. The rock types encountered are granite, hornblende, gneiss and migmatite. Ground water prospects are primarily confined to the floors hills and forests; and

(iii) Archaean Lower Proterozoic rock types which comprises of closepet granite, Dharwad supergroup and peninsular gneiss complex. The lithology in this region is primarily granite, quartzite schist and a blend of granite, horneblend, gneiss and migmatite. The ground water prospects are primarily weathered and fractured aquifiersupto 100 m extending beyond 150 m and suitable for borewells.

The project falls in (iii) that comprises of granite, horneblend, gneiss and migmatite. The area that the project falls in utilises water for agriculture primarily with the help of borewells. However, the trend of ground water has been decreasing every year. As per the data in the Central Ground water brochure for the District of Anantapur, the mandal of Beluguppa, in which the project lies in, has been classified as over exploited (1) . Water is supplemented to the region via a network of canals with water sourced from the PABR Dam, which is located towards the north north east of the Project AoI (i.e. approximately 9 km away).

(1) Ground water brochure, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh. Central Ground Water Board. Southern region, Hyderabad, September 2013. http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/AP/Ananthapur.pdf. Accessed on 04/07/2016.

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Figure 5.5 Geological and Hydrogeological map of Anantapur District

Project Site

Source: Ground water brochure, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh. Central Ground Water Board. Southern region, Hyderabad, September 2013.

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5.4.4 Hydrology and Drainage Pattern

The drainage pattern in the project AoI is supplemented by three major sources of water, which is a source of surface water in the Project AoI, viz. the Kanekallu Tank, which is located approximately 4.54 km north of WTG BLG- 014 is a seasonal in nature and is recharged with rain water during the monsoon period. Similar water bodies have been observed approximately 2 km west of WTG BLG-011, approximately 3-4 km west of BLG-007, approximately 2 km west of BLG-080 and BLG-081, approximately 2.1 km east of BLG-025. The Jeedipalli Reservoir is located to the north-west of the Project and is located approximately 5.07 east of the closest WTG, i.e. WTG BLG-163. Examples of water bodies that were observed in the Project Area at the time of the ERM site visit, in June, 2016 have been presented in Figure 5.6. The Ahobilam/ PABR Dam (Figure 5.7) is present approximately 10 km north east of the Project AoI and plays a major role in suplementing thevillages in the east of the Project Area with water for domestic purposes as well as for farming activities. Water is transported via a canal system to the villages as observed in the drainage map in Figure 5.8.

Figure 5.6 Waterbodies observed in the Project AoI at the time of the ERM site visit (a) Jeedipalli Reservoir (b) Dried up Kanekallu Tank.

Source: ERM site visit, May2016

Figure 5.7 Ahobilam/ PABR Dam located approximately 10 km north east of the Project

Source: ERM site visit, May2016

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Figure 5.8 Drainage Map of the Project AoI

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5.4.5 Climate and Meteorology

Regional Meteorology

The climate of the region is classified as tropical wet and dry climate with following four main seasons:

• Winter season : November to February • Pre-monsoon season : March to May • Monsoon season : June to September • Post Monsoon season : October to November

The long term meteorology (period 1961- 1990) of the region based on data recorded at the nearest observatory station of India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Anantapur is presented in Table 5.4 and Table 5.5and described in subsequent sections.

Table 5.4 Climatological Data, Anantapur

Months Temperature (°C) % Relative Rainfall (mm) Vapour Wind Humidity Pressure, Speed hPa kmph Daily Daily Highest Lowest 0830 1730 Monthl No. of 0830 1730 Mean Max Min in the in the hrs hrs y Total rainy hrs hrs month month days January 30.3 17.3 32.8 13.9 68 40 0.3 0.0 17.3 15.5 8.8 February 33.6 19.5 36.5 16.0 59 31 1.0 0.1 17.3 14.8 9.1 March 37.0 22.6 39.4 18.5 53 25 5.2 0.4 18.7 14.7 9.0 April 39.0 26.0 41.2 22.2 56 26 14.6 1.2 23.2 16.5 9.2 May 38.8 26.2 41.3 22.2 62 32 52.5 2.8 25.3 19.5 12.2 June 35.4 25.0 38.9 22.5 68 47 51.8 3.3 25.2 23.0 16.4 July 33.5 24.3 36.5 22.4 72 54 69.2 4.1 25.1 23.8 16.5 August 32.9 23.8 35.7 22.3 74 55 70.2 4.7 24.9 23.9 15.7 September 32.8 23.5 35.7 21.5 76 55 135.1 7.2 25.4 23.9 10.8 October 31.8 22.5 34.3 19.0 74 56 101.1 6.0 24.6 22.8 7.4 November 30.0 20.2 32.4 15.5 74 55 39.3 2.4 21.8 20.3 8.2 December 29.0 18.1 31.2 14.0 74 50 11.0 0.8 19.5 18.0 9.0 Average 33.7 22.4 36.325 19.17 68 43.83 22.4 19.7 11.02 Total 551.3 33.0 Source: Climatological Table 1961-90, India Meteorological Department

Temperature

As per the data recorded at meteorological station, Anantapur, the temperature begins to increase from January till May. April and May are the hottest months with highest temperature of 41.3°C recorded in the month of May. The lowest temperature of 13.9°C was recorded in month of January. The daily mean minimum temperature varies from 17.3°C in January to 26.2°C in May, whereas the daily mean maximum temperature varies from 29°C in December to 39°C in April.

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Relative Humidity

The relative humidity is generally high during the period of monsoon from July to September. On an average, relative humidity is about 74% during morning hours and 54.6% during evening hours during monsoon. The minimum humidity of 25% is recorded in March and maximum relative humidity of 76% is experienced in September.

Rainfall

The annual average rainfall in the region is about 551.3 mm spreading over 33 days. The southwest monsoon sets in the end of May and attains the highest intensity in month of September. The monsoon withdraws towards the end of the October contributing about 18.3% of the annual average rainfall i.e., about 101.1 mm. The remaining months of year also experience the sporadic rains. The maximum rainfall occurs during month of September (135.1 mm) and minimum during the month of January (0.3 mm).

Wind Speed and Direction

The normal wind speed range in the region is 8.2- 16.5 kmph which prevails during 50% of each month. The predominant wind direction is recorded to be from W/ SW during the summer (March-May) and monsoon season (June – September). Post monsoon (October- November) receives wind predominantly from N/ NE/E and winter season (December – February) experiences calm conditions during most of the time. Monthly pre-dominant wind directions during morning and evening time have been presented in Table 5.5.

Table 5.5 Predominant Wind Direction

Month Morning Time Predominant Winds Evening Time Predominant Winds I II III I II III January CALM E SE E NE CALM February CALM E SE E NE CALM March CALM SW W E NE CALM April W SW CALM CALM NE E May W SW NW & CALM CALM W&NW N&NE June W SW NW W SW NW July W SW CALM W SW NW August W SW NW W NW SW September W CALM SW W NW & CALM SW&NE October CALM W E NE E CALM November CALM E NE E NE CALM December CALM E NE E NE CALM Source: Climatological tables 1961-1990, India Meteorological Department

5.4.6 Natural Hazards

Seismicity

As per the data released by the Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC) of Government of India, the Project is located in an area that

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is designated as Zone II that corresponds to MSK VI or less. This zone is a zone of low damage risk. The Earthquake Hazard Map (showing faults, thrusts and earthquakes) is presented in Figure 5.9.

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Figure 5.9 Earthquake Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur

Project Site

Source: Building Material and technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)

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Wind and Cyclones

As per the data released by the Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC) of Government of India, the Project site is located in a an area that experiences low wind velocities and therefore in a n area of low damage risk zone (Vb= 33 m/s). The Wind Cyclone and Hazard Map are presented in Figure 5.10.

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Figure 5.10 Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur

Project Site

Source: Building Material and technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)

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Floods

As per the data released by the prepared by Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC) of Government of India, the project site falls in an area not liable to floods. The flood hazard map of the district of Anantapur has been presented in Figure 5.11.

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Figure 5.11 Flood Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur

Project Site

Source: Building Material and technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)

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5.4.7 Ambient Air Quality

The existing ambient air quality of the study area was monitored at two locations during the monitoring period. The monitoring parameters includes

Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) i.e. PM10 (particulate matter of particle

size less than 10 micrometer) and PM2.5 (particulate matter of particle size less

than 2.5 micrometer), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and

Carbon Monoxide (CO). PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx were monitored on 24- hourly basis while CO was monitored on eight hourly basis monitored twice a week during the study period.

Selection of sampling locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through ambient air quality monitoring network and is based on the following considerations: • Meteorological conditions of the area based on information of IMD; • Topography of the study area; and • Location of sensitive receptors such as major settlements.

The details of monitoring locations within the study area are presented in Table 5.6. Map showing location of ambient air quality monitoring stations is presented in Figure 5.12.

The sampling and analysis of ambient air quality parameters was carried out as per the procedures detailed in relevant Parts of IS-5182 (Indian Standards for Ambient Air Quality Parameters). The applied testing procedures are given in brief in Table 5.7.

Table 5.6 Details of Ambient Air Monitoring Stations

S Sampli Loca Zone Easting Northin Justification for Selection of Location N. ng tion (mE) g (mN) and its setting Locatio Cod ns e

1 Avulen AA 43 P 723235.00 1630408. This station’s AAQ data captures the na Q1 00 baseline for settlements at the nearest Village village of Avulenna to the WTGs (which are located towards the south of AAQ2) 2 Sri AA 43 P 730947.00 1624088. This station’s AAQ data captures the Rangap Q2 00 baseline for settlements at the nearest uram village of Sri Rangapuram to the WTGs Village (which are located towards the north of AAQ1) Source: ERM site visit, May2016 Note: The Coordinates have been presented in the UTM Format

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Figure 5.12 Map showing the location of ambient air quality (AAQ) stations in the Project AoI

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Table 5.7 Details of Methods and Detection Limits for different Air Quality Parameters

S.N. Parameter Range/Detection Limit 1. Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm) or IS-5182 (PART-23):2006 & CPCB PM10 Guidelines Volume 1 (2012-2013) 2. Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5 µm) or Guidelines Volume 1 (2012-2013) PM2.5

3. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) IS-5182 (Part-II):2001

4. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) IS-5182 (Part-VI): 2006 5. Carbon Monoxide (CO) CO Analyzer Source: ERM site visit, May2016

Summarized AAQ results as monitored at various locations are presented in Table 5.8. The ambient Air quality results have been provided in Annex D.

Table 5.8 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area

Parameter Units Observed AAQ1 AAQ2 PM10 µg/m3 Maximum 65.3 63.9 Minimum 64.1 62.6 Average 64.7 63.25 NAAQS Standard 100 100 PM2.5 µg/m3 Maximum 26.1 25.5 Minimum 25.6 24.9 Average 25.8 25.2 NAAQS Standard 60 60 SO2 µg/m3 Maximum 16.2 15.9 Minimum 15.8 15.2 Average 16.0 15.5 NAAQS Standard 80 80 NOx µg/m3 Maximum 19.8 19.1 Minimum 19.2 18.7 Average 19.5 18.9 NAAQS Standard 80 80 CO mg/m3 Maximum 0.1 0.1 Minimum 0.1 0.1 Average 0.1 0.1 NAAQS Standard 02 02 Note: NAAQS = Revised National Ambient Air Quality Standard as notified on 16 November 2009.

Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10)

As per NAAQS, the prescribed limit of RPM i.e. PM10 for 24 hours monitoring

is 100 µg/m3 and WHO guidelines for PM10 is 50 µg/m3. The maximum PM10 values were observed to be within the NAAQS limit, however found to exceed

the WHO limits at both the locations. The graphical representation of PM10 concentration in the study area is shown in Figure 5.13.

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Figure 5.13 PM10 Concentration in the Study Area

Source: Primary baseline data

Respirable Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

The average RPM concentration (PM2.5) values at the locations were found to be between 25.8 µg/m3and 25.2 µg/26.028 µg/m3 respectively.

As per NAAQS and WHO, the prescribed limit of RPM i.e. PM2.5 for 24 hours

monitoring is 60µg/m3 and 25µg/m3 respectively. The average PM2.5values were observed to be within the NAAQS limits, however found to exceed

WHO limit marginally. The graphical representation of PM2.5 concentration in the study area is shown in Figure 5.14.

Figure 5.14 PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area

Source: Primary baseline data

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Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

The average SO2 concentration observed at the locations during the study period was observed to be between 16 µg/m3 and 15.5 µg/m3 respectively.

The NAAQS and WHO guidelines for SO2 (24 hours monitoring) is 80

µg/m3and 20 µg/m3. The average SO2 values were observed to be within the

NAAQS and WHO limit at both locations. The graphical representation of SO2 concentration in the study area is shown in Figure 5.15.

Figure 5.15 SO2 Concentration in the Study Area

Source: Primary baseline data

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

The average NOx concentration observed during the period was between 19.5 µg/m3 and 18.8 µg/m3 at each location respectively.

As per NAAQS the prescribed limit of NOx for 24 hours monitoring is 80µg/m3, whereas, WHO guidelines do not specify NOx limits for 24 hours (annual limits are 40 µg/m3). The average NOx values were observed to be within the NAAQS limit at both locations. The graphical representation of NOx concentration in the study area is shown in Figure 5.16.

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Figure 5.16 NOx Concentration in the Study Area

Source: Primary baseline data

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

As per NAAQS the prescribed limit of CO for 8 hours monitoring is 2 mg/m3. The average CO values were observed to be within the NAAQS limit at all the locations as the observed values are below the detectable limit. WHO guidelines do not specify limits for CO.

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5.4.8 Noise Quality

Noise levels were recorded at eight locations (Figure 5.17) once during the study period with the aid of a digital noise level meter. Noise levels were

recorded for 24 hours and the noise quality has been reported as Leqday and

Leqnight for each of the locations. Daytime is considered from 0600 to 2200 hours and night from 2200 to 0600 hours. The details of noise monitoring locations are given in Table 5.9. The noise level in the study area is detailed in Table 5.10 . The results of noise quality are presented in Annex E.

Table 5.9 Details of Noise Sampling Locations

SN. Sampling Location Code Zone Easting (mE) Northing (mN) Locations 1 NQ1 Srirangapuram 43 P 723235.00 1630407.00 Village 2 NQ2 Nakkalapalli 43 P 726249.00 1628843.00 Village 3 NQ3 Beluguppa 43 P 728518.00 1626985.00 Tanda Village 4 NQ4 Avulenna 43 P 730947.00 1624087.00 Village 5 NQ5 Belaguppa 43 P 737253.97 1628756.92 Village 6 NQ6 Erragudi 43 P 733106.58 1626301.88 Kottala Village 7 NQ7 Tagguparthy 43 P 730143.00 1627942.00 Village 8 NQ8 Erragudi 43 P 732148.42 1626553.18 Kottala Village Note: The Coordinates have been presented in the UTM Format

Table 5.10 Noise Level in the Study Area

Equivalent Noise Levels Day Time Equivalent Noise Level Night Time (dBA) (dBA) S\N CPCB and CPCB and . Location WHO WHO limits Leq day Lmax Lmin limits* Leq Leq night Lmax Lmin Leq 1 NQ1 53.7 54.4 48.5 55 44.5 44.7 43.1 45 2 NQ 2 52.1 54.4 45.2 55 43.6 44.1 42.2 45 3 NQ 3 52.3 54.2 45.2 55 43.8 44.5 44.2 45 4 NQ 4 53.1 54.6 46.1 55 44.2 44.7 42.9 45 5 NQ 5 53.1 54.5 46.8 55 44.0 43.9 44.3 45 6 NQ 6 52.3 54.6 45.2 55 43.7 45.3 42.9 45 7 NQ 7 53.8 54.6 48.7 55 44.0 47.2 43.3 45 8 NQ 8 53.1 54.2 45.6 55 43.8 45.2 42.4 45 * Note: As per CPCB, Day time is considered from 6 am to 10 pm and night time is considered from 10 pm to 6am;As per WHO limits, Day time is considered from 07.00 to 22.00 and night time is considered from 22.00 to 07.00.

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Figure 5.17 Map showing the location of Noise quality (NQ) stations in the Project AoI

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The equivalent ambient noise level for day time (Leq day) and night time (Leq night) at the eight monitoring locations were observed to be within the corresponding prescribed limits of CPCB and WHO for residential areas. The study area has primarily a rural setting where the major source of noise is observed as vehicular noise.

The Daytime and night time noise levels recorded at various sampling locations are presented in Figure 5.18 and Figure 5.19.

Figure 5.18 Day Time Noise Levels

Source: Primary baseline data

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Figure 5.19 Night Time Noise Levels

Source: Primary baseline data

5.4.9 Water Quality

Surface water and Ground water quality

The water quality assessment was done to understand the baseline water (surface water and ground water) quality of the study area. The groundwater samples were collected from hand pumps/bore wells. Surface water samples were collected from streams and dams within the project area of influence. Map showing location of water sampling is presented in Figure 5.20. The details of water sampling locations are presented in Table 5.11 .

The results of ground water and surface water are presented in Annex F and Annex G.

Table 5.11 Details of Water Sampling Locations

S.N Location Station Zone Easting Northing Type of Justification for Code (mE) (mN) Sample Location of Sample Surface water 1 J.D Palli SW1 43 P 742842.91 1627320.70 Reservoir Water sample Reservoir collected the (outskirts of reservoir Ankampalli outskirts of the Village) village of Ankampalli utilised for domestic purposes

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S.N Location Station Zone Easting Northing Type of Justification for Code (mE) (mN) Sample Location of Sample Ground water 1 Sri GW1 43 P 723210.82 1630676.99 Ground Water sample Rangapuram water considered as the Village (hand representative pump) sample of the ground water in and around the village of Sri Rangapuram and the water is being used for washing, drinking etc. This was collected from a hand pump. 2. Tagguparthy GW2 43 P 737289.49 1628765.88 Ground Water sample Village water considered as the (hand representative pump) sample of the ground water in and around the village of Tagguparthyand the water is being used for washing, drinking etc. This was collected from a hand pump. 3. Erragudi GW3 43 P 732524.60 1626413.59 Ground Water sample Kottala water considered as the Village (hand representative pump) sample of the ground water in and around the village of Erragudi Kottala and the water is being used for washing, drinking etc. This was collected from a hand pump. Note: The Coordinates have been presented in the UTM Format

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Figure 5.20 Map showing the locations for surface water and ground water locations in the Project AoI

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Parameters for analysis of water quality were selected based on the utility of the particular source of water as per MoEFCC guidelines. The quality of groundwater was compared with IS: 10500 for drinking purposes. Grab water samples were collected from locations in a 5 litre sampling bottles and 250 ml sterilized clean glass/pet bottle for complete physio-chemical and bacteriological tests respectively. The samples were analysed as per standard procedure/method given in IS: 3025, IS: 1622 and Standard Method for Examination of Water and Wastewater Ed.20, published jointly by APHA and AWWA.

Surface water quality

The result of surface water quality monitoring at two locations are given in Table 5.12. The surface water was compared with CPCB discharge standard for aquatic resources which is given in Table 5.13.

Table 5.12 Surface Water Quality observed during the monitoring Period

S. N. Test Parameters Units Method SW1

<5.0 1 Color CU APHA 2120 C

2 pH @ 26.5oC - APHA 4500H+ B 8.23 3 Turbidity NTU APHA 2130 B <5.0 Oil & Grease mg/L 4 APHA 5520 B <10 5 Electrical Conductivity μMho/cm APHA 2510 – B 1112.0 6 Total Dissolved solids mg/L APHA 2540 C 667.0 Total Suspended Solids 12.0 7 mg/L APHA 2540 D 8 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L APHA 2320 B 141.40 9 Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L APHA 2340 C 122.40 10 Calcium as Ca mg/L APHA 3500 Ca B 16.35 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/L APHA 3500-Mg B 19.82 APHA 4500 Cl- 12 Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 120.81 C

APHA 4500 SO4 13 Sulphates as SO4 mg/L 149.82 D

APHA 4500 NO3 14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L <1.0 B

15 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L APHA 4500 O - C 5.50 16 Fluoride as F mg/L APHA 4500F- D 1.18 17 Iron as Fe mg/L APHA 3500 Fe B <0.3

18 Lead as Pb mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.1

19 Manganese as Mn mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.5

20 Cadmium as Cd mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.1

21 Chromium as Cr mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.5

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S. N. Test Parameters Units Method SW1

22 Zinc as Zn mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.2

Chemical Oxygen 23 mg/L APHA 5220 B 17.28 Demand 24 Copper as Cu mg/L APHA 3111 B 0.2

25 Phosphorus as P mg/L APHA 4500 PC <1.0 Biochemical Oxygen 26 Demand mg/L IS : 3025 (P-44) <4.0 (3 Days at 27OC) 218.24 27 Salinity* mg/L APHA 2520,B APHA 4500 CN- 28 Cyanide as CN-* mg/L C, E <0.05 Phenolic Compounds as 29 Phenols* mg/L APHA 5530 D <0.001 30 Total Coliform* MPN/100ml APHA 9221B Absent 31 Faecal Coliform* MPN/100ml APHA 9221 B Absent

32 Mercury as Hg* mg/L APHA 3112 B <0.001 Source: Primary baseline data

Table 5.13 Primary Water Quality Criteria for Designated-Best-Use-Classes

Designated-Best- Category Criteria Description Use Drinking A Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less Water Source pH between 6.5 and 8.5 without Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more conventional Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less treatment but after disinfection Outdoor bathing B Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less (Organized) pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less Drinking water C Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less source after pH between 6 to 9 conventional Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more treatment and Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less disinfection Propagation of D pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Wild life and Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Fisheries Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, E pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Industrial Cooling, Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Max.2250 Controlled Waste Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 disposal Boron Max. 2mg/l Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria Source: CPCB

As per the CPCB primary water quality criteria for the surface water resources are falls under Category C.

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The Ground water quality for the three locations mentioned in Table 5.11 has been elaborated below (Table 5.14)

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Table 5.14 Groundwater Quality observed during the monitoring Period

SN. Parameter Unit Method GW1 GW2 GW3 IS 10500 Limits IS 10500 Limits (Acceptable) (Permissible) 1 Color CU APHA 2120 C <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5 25 APHA 4500H+ 8.5 2 pH @ 26.2oC - 8.38 8.23 8.21 6.5 B

3 Turbidity NTU APHA 2130 B <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 1 5 4 Oil & Grease mg/L APHA 5520 B <10 <10 <10 Not Specified Not Specified 5 Electrical Conductivity μMho/cm APHA 2510 - B 1225 6149 5241 Not Specified Not Specified 6 Total Dissolved solids mg/L APHA 2540 C 735 3689 3144 500 2000

7 Total Suspended Solids mg/L APHA 2540 D <10 <10 <10 Not Specified Not Specified

8 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L APHA 2320 B 333.3 474.70 797.90 200 600

9 Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L APHA 2340 C 275.40 795.60 510.0 200 600 APHA 3500 Ca 10 Calcium as Ca mg/L 49.05 81.76 77.67 75 200 B APHA 3500- 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 37.17 143.75 76.83 30 100 Mg B APHA 4500 Cl- 12 Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 115.77 442.98 437.94 250 1000 C APHA 4500 13 Sulphates as SO4 mg/L 51.45 1701.96 521.08 200 400 SO4 D APHA 4500 14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 8.58 19.72 73.90 45 100 NO3 B APHA 4500F- 15 Fluoride as F mg/L 1.44 1.91 1.58 1.0 1.5 D APHA 3500 Fe 16 Iron as Fe mg/L 0.53 0.63 1.19 0.3 1.0 B APHA 3500 Cr 17 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.05 B 18 Zinc as Zn mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.2 0.24 0.76 5 15 Chemical Oxygen 19 mg/L <5.0 19.20 17.28 Not Specified Not Specified Demand APHA 5220 B

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SN. Parameter Unit Method GW1 GW2 GW3 IS 10500 Limits IS 10500 Limits (Acceptable) (Permissible) Biochemical Oxygen 20 mg/L <4.0 <4.0 <4.0 Not Specified Not Specified Demand (3 Days at 27OC) IS : 3025 (P-44)

APHA 4500 O - 21 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5.4 5.3 5.4 Not Specified Not Specified C Salinity 209.14 209.14 791.16 22 mg/L APHA 2520,B Not Specified Not Specified 23 Lead as Pb mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.05

24 Manganese as Mn mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.3 25 Cadmium as Cd mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 1.5 APHA 4500 27 Cyanide as CN- mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.05 CN- C, E

28 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Mercury as Hg mg/L APHA 3112 B 0.001 No relaxation APHA 5530 Phenolic Compounds as D 29 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.002 Phenols

APHA 4500 30 Phosphorus as P mg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Not Specified Not Specified PC Shall not be 31 Total Coliform MPN/100ml APHA 9221B Absent Absent Absent ---- detectable in any 100ml sample 32 Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml APHA 9221 B Absent Absent Absent ---- Not Specified Source: Primary baseline data

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Analysis of water samples shows the following:

• pH of the groundwater samples were found in the range of 8.2 to 8.3 and the. Therefore the pH of all the samples was found within prescribed range;

• Total Hardness (as CaCO3) in the groundwater samples of the study area ranges from 275.40 to 795 mg/L. which were above the acceptable and permissible limits of 200 mg/ L and within permissible limit at GW-1 and GW-3 and above the permsible limit of 600 mg/ L at GW-2. A similar trend was observed in the ground water samples when tested for Alkalinity (as CaCO3). • The Total Dissolved solids for all ground water samples had values that ranged from 735 mg/ L to 3144 mg/L which were above the acceptable and permissible limits of 500 mg/L and 2000 mg/L. • Iron was observed to be above the acceptable limit of 0.3 mg/l at GW-1 and GW-2 and above the permissible limit at GW-3. Iron content in the surface water sample was observed to be within limits. • Chlorides was observed to exceed the acceptable limit in GW2 and GW3 locations with 442.9mg/l and 437.9mg/l respectively; • Sulphate was observed to exceed the permissible limit at GW2 and GW3, with the highest values being observed at GW2 i.e. 1701.9 mg/Lwhile nitrate were observed to exceed the desired limit in GW3 location; • GW2 and GW3 ground water samples were reported to have fluoride level that were above the permissible limit at 1.91 mg/l to 1.58 mg/l respectively; • Magnesium was found to be above the acceptable at GW-1 and GW-3 and above permissible limits at GW-2; • Heavy metals, viz. Mercury, Selenium, Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead and Zinc were observed below detectable limits in all samples; and • Faecal coliforms are absent in all ground water samples.

5.4.10 Soil Quality

1 soil sample was collected to assess the composition and properties off the soil, the details of the location have been detailed in Table 5.15. A map showing the location has been presented in Figure 5.21. The soil results are presented in Annex H.

Table 5.15 Details of soil sampling location

S.N Location Station Zone Easting Northing Type of Justification for Code (mE) (mN) Sample Location of Sample Soil sample 1 Thagguparthy So1 43 P 737245.06 1628964.06 Soil used Soil sample that Village primarily has been for the periodically used purpose of for the purpose

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S.N Location Station Zone Easting Northing Type of Justification for Code (mE) (mN) Sample Location of Sample agriculture of cultivating crops has been used in this assessment. Note: The Coordinates have been presented in the UTM Format

The analysis of soil has been provided in in Table 5.16,

Table 5.16 Analysis report of the soil sample (So1)

S. N. Test Parameters Unit Method Result

- IS 2720 (Part 26)-1987 1 pH (RA:2002) 8.16 2 Moisture % IS 9235-1979 3.11 3 % IS 2720 (part 22)- 1972 Organic Carbon (RA:2010) 0.85 4 mg/kg STIDA and Available Calcium as Ca CGI 5610.66 5 mg/kg STIDA and Available Magnesium and Mg CGI 1591.49 6 mg/kg STIDA and Available Nitrogen as N CGI 56.55 7 mg/kg STIDA and Available Phosphates as P CGI 50.33 8 Available Potassium as K mg/kg FAO 2007 279.79 9 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Cadmium as Cd 7130 <10 10 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Chromium as Cr 7190 32.38 11 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Nickel and Ni 7520 80.87 12 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Lead as Pb 7420 <10 13 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Copper 7210 32.66 14 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Zinc as Zn 7950 104.83 Source: Primary baseline data

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Figure 5.21 Map showing the soil sampling location in the Project AoI

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5.5 ECOLOGICAL BASELINE

An ecological survey was undertaken from 03-05 May 2016 at the Belluguppa wind farm and surrounding areas located in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh to understand and establish the ecological baseline of the study areas and to understand impacts of the Project on species and habitats in surrounding areas. To conduct the survey, a core and buffer zone was delineated, so that the magnitude of the impact on ecological receptors can be established at a later stage of the ESIA process. The determined core and buffer zone is as follows:

• Core Zone: 500 m radius from each of the proposed WTG location; and • Buffer Zone: 5 km radius from each of the proposed WTG location.

The above core and buffer zones have been standardized based on multiple wind farm ecological assessments carried out by ERM in the last few years.

5.5.1 Objectives

The ecological surveys were conducted with following objectives:

Flora

. Identification of sensitive habitats, and forest land falling within the determined study areas (core + buffer zone); . Classification of flora for any threatened, protected or endemic floral species prevailing in the study areas (including wind farm) based on field surveys; . Identification of areas protected under international conventions, national or local legislation and those recognized nationally and internationally for their ecological, landscape, cultural or other related value; and . Identification of aquatic flora in the water bodies falling in the study areas.

Fauna

. Identification of fauna (specifically amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles) based on direct sightings, calls, pug marks, droppings, nests, etc.; . Identification and classification of any species recognized as threatened (in accordance with the IUCN Red List V 2016.1 and according to the schedules of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 and amendments); . Identification of areas which are important or sensitive for ecological reasons including their breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering areas including wildlife migratory corridors /avian migratory routes; and . Identification and assessment of aquatic ecological resources within the study areas.

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5.5.2 Study area

The vegetation of the area is classified as Southern Tropical Thorn Forest 6A/C1 as per Champion and Seth Vegetation Classification, 1968 (1). The vegetation classification of the Study areas is provided in Table 5.17 below.

Table 5.17 Vegetation Classification of the Region

Classification Scheme Classification Biogeographic Province of India (2) 6E: Deccan Peninsula-Deccan South Agro Ecological Sub Region 1 Karnataka plateau Rayalaseema as inclusive (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Agro Ecological Sub Region (3.0) Agro-Climatic Region 1 Southern Plateau and Hills Region (X) (Planning Commission) Agro Climatic Zone 1 Scare rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh (AP-6) (National Agricultural Research Project) Source: 1 http://agricoop.nic.in/Admin_Agricoop/Uploaded_File/AP14-Anantapur%2031.1.2011.pdf

Map of the study area is provided in Figure 5.22

Figure 5.22 Map of the Study Area

Source: Google Earth. Accessed on 04/07/2016

5.5.3 Approach and Methodology

The study area primarily consists of agricultural areas, scrub forest and waterbodies. Waterbodies listed in Table 5.18 were surveyed in the study area in order to assess mass resting/ roosting/ feeding sites for water/migratory birds likely to use the habitats.

(1) Champion H. & Seth S.K., 1968, A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India, Nataraj Publishers, Dehradun, India. (2) Rodgers, W.A., Panwar, H.S. and Mathur, V. B. (2002). Wildlife Protected Area Network in India: A Review (Executive summary). Wildlife Institute of India. Dehradun.

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Table 5.18 Water bodies surveyed in the study area

SN. Code Water Body Latitude Longitude Location Water Present 1 W1 Jeedipalli Reservoir 14.692439° 77.267473° Buffer Yes 2 W2 Kanekallu Tank 14.795398° 77.062467° Buffer Yes Note: The Coordinates have been presented in the Degree Decimal Format

Faunal Analysis

Faunal species from the study areas were recorded based on direct sightings, indirect evidences such as dung, droppings, scats, pugmarks, scratch signs, burrows, nests etc. The species occurring within the study area were surveyed using the below methods:

Amphibians

Amphibians are often restricted to natural and constructed ponds during the hottest parts of the day (1). All such water bodies were visited during the hottest parts of the day to determine the presence of amphibians along the shaded ledges of the water body.

Reptiles Reptile presence was determined through the use of Intensive Time Constrained Search Methods (2) (3). The method was adapted for the terrain by targeting rocks and logs located around water bodies or recently dried streams, hedges and along the trunks of higher vegetation.

Avifauna

An adapted avifaunal survey method for onshore wind farm assessments was utilized for the purpose of this study (4). The adapted survey method focuses on key habitat features, preferred time of day to ensure maximum bird activity and target species (e.g. birds of prey and waterfowl). Any avifaunal species that was identified by visually sighting or hearing of bird calls was recorded. Birds were identified along motorable roads, around water bodies and in clumps of higher vegetation during the hottest parts of the day. Binoculars and standard field guides (5) were used for avifaunal identification.

(1) Knutson et. al. 2004. Agricultural ponds support amphibian populations. Ecological Applications. 14 (3): 669-684 (2) Welsh, H.H., jr. 1987. Monitoring herpetofauna in woodlands of north western California and south west Oregon: a comparative strategy. Pp. 203-213. In. Multiple – Use Management of Califirnia’s hardwood resources. T.R. Plumb, N.H. Pillisbury (eds. Gen. Tech. Regional Environmental Planning. PSW – 100) US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. (3) Welsh, H.H. Jr. and Lind, A. 1991. The structure of the herpetofaunal assemblage in the Douglas-fir/hardwood forests of northwestern California and south western Oregon. Pp: 395-411. In: Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. (Tech. Coords). L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, A.B. Carey and M.H. Huff. Ge. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-285. Portland, OR: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. (4) Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH). 2014. Recommended bird survey methods to inform impact assessment of onshore wind farms. (5) Grimmet, R. Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T. 2013. Birds of the Indian Subcontinent - Second Edition. Published by Christopher Helm, 49-51 Bedford Square, London.

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Mammals

Mammal surveys were conducted along motorable roads, near water bodies and in grassy terrain. Individuals were identified through direct (visual sighting) and indirect (pellets, tracks, paw marks and scat) methods. Species were then identified using standard literature (1) (2).

Secondary Sources

Secondary literature from published books and research publications were also consulted for the flora and fauna of the study area. The conservation status of the species was assessed by referring to the IUCN Red List V 2016.1, and, the schedules of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 [IWP] and subsequent amendments.

5.5.4 Floral Assessment

The habitats in the core and buffer zone include agricultural land, isolated hillocks and water bodies. The vegetation associated with these habitats is described below and shown in Figure 5.23.

Agricultural Land

The crops in the agricultural fields consisted of Rice (Oryza sativa), Groundnut (Arachis hypogea), Banana (Musa sp.), Corn (Zeea mays), Papaya (Carica papaya), Castor (Ricinus communis), Palm Oil (Elaeis oleifera) and Lemon (Glycine max) orchards. Acacia sp., Albizzia sp., Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa, Ficus sp., Prosopis cineraria, Tamarindus indica, Eucalyptus sp., Albizia saman, Millettia pinnata, Cocos nucifera, Delonix regia, Moringa oleifera and Dalbergia sp. were the trees observed in the study area. Argemone mexicana, Calotropis sp., Capparis decidua, Cassia auriculata, Opuntia sp., Agave sp. and Lantana camara were the shrubs observed in the study area. The weed, Parthenium hysterophorus and the palm, Borassus flabellifer was present in the study area.

Scrub Forests

Scrub vegetation is restricted to the hillocks that constitute the Beluguppa Reserved Forest, which lies in the Core Zone of the project area. Two WTG's - BLG-007 and BLG-021 fall within 250 and 180 meters of the Belluguppa Reserve Forest respectively, and, 2 WTG's - BLG-022 and BLG-008 lie at a distance of 770 meters from the Belluguppa Reserve Forest.

Water Bodies

(1) Prater, S.H. 2005. The Book of Indian Animals. Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press - 12th Edition. pp 316 (2) Menon, V. 2003. A field guide to Indian Mammals. Dorling Kindersley (India) Ltd. New Delhi, 201 p

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Two waterbodies, the Jeedipalli Reservoir and the Kanekallu Tank were surveyed. The Kanekallu Tank had thick stands of Ipomea sp. The closest WTG to the Jeedipalli Reservoir is BLG-163, located at a bearing of 105.04 degrees and a distance of 5.07 km. The closest WTG to the Kanekallu Tank is BLG-014, located at a bearing of 335.86 degrees and a distance of 4.45 km.

Figure 5.23 Habitat surveyed in the Study Area

Jeedipalli Reservoir Agricultural Land

Scrub vegetation in the Beluguppa Reserved Dried up Kanekallu Tank Forest Source: Site and surrounding areas survey by ERM during the site visit

5.5.5 Faunal Assessment

Faunal assessment was carried out using methods described above (Section 6.5.3) for each of the target class of animals – amphibians, reptiles, avifauna and mammals. As shown in Table 5.19, this involved maximizing the early morning hours to locate birds and mammals when they are expected to be most active. The mid-morning hours involved random searching of shelters for amphibian and reptile presence and opportunistic sightings of birds and mammals.

Table 5.19 Time utilization for ecology assessment

Time Targeted Habitats Targeted Class of Animals Early Morning In and around water bodies Birds and mammals (0600-1000 hours) Mid-Morning Agricultural fields, rocky Amphibians, reptiles and birds (1000-1300 hours) terrain, tree clusters, dried streams and scrubland.

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Amphibians

Five species are reported from the study area. None of the species bear any conservational significance. The details of the species are given in Table 5.20.

Table 5.20 Amphibians reported from the study area

SN. Common Name Scientific Name Family Sourc WPA IUCN e Schedul Statu e s 1 Common Indian Duttaphrynus Bufonidae SS Not LC Toad melanostictus listed 2 Indian Skipper Frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Dicroglossida SS Not LC e listed 3 Painted Frog Kaloula pulchra Microhylidae SS Not LC listed 4 Indian Pond Frog Euphlyctis hexadactylus Dicroglossida SS Not LC e listed 5 Indian Bull Frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Dicroglossida SS Not LC e listed Notes: LC-Least Concern; PS-Primary Survey; CC-Community Consultation; SS-Secondary Source

Reptiles

Eleven species are reported from the study area. The Python (Python molorus) and Russel’s Viper (Daboia russelii) are listed respectively in Schedule’s I and II of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The Python (Python molorus) is categorized as Near Threatened (NT) as per IUCN Red List V 2016.1. The details of reptiles are given in Table 5.21.

Table 5.21 Reptiles reported from the study area

SN. English / Scientific Name Family Sources WPA IUCN Status Popular Name Schedule 1 Python Python molurus Pythonidae SS I NT 2 Russel's viper Daboia russelii Viperidae SS II LC 3 Saw-scaled viper Echis carinata Viperidae SS IV Not assessed 4 Rat snake Ptyas mucosa Colubridae SS IV Not assessed 5 Star Tortoise Geochelone Testudinidae SS IV VU elegans 6 Flat tailed Gecko Hemidactylus Gekkonidae SS Not listed Not assessed platyurus 7 Brooke's Gecko Hemidactylus Gekkonidae SS Not listed Not assessed brooki 8 Spotted Rock Hemidactylus Gekkonidae SS Not listed LC Gecko maculatus 9 Keeled Grass Eutropis carinata Scincidae SS Not listed LC Skink 10 Indian Garden Calotes versicolor Agamidae SS Not listed Not assessed Lizard 11 Peninsular Rock Psammophilus Agamidae SS Not listed LC Agama dorsalis Notes: LC-Least Concern, SS-Secondary Sources; PS-Primary Survey; CC-Community Consultation

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Avifauna

A total of 59 bird species were recorded in the study area, out of which 28 species were aquatic and 31 species were terrestrial. One species, the Black- bellied Tern (Sterna acuticauda) is listed as Endangered (EN), and, four species, the Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), Darter (Anhinga melanogaster), Red-necked Falcon (Falco chicquera), and River Tern (Sterna aurantia) are listed as Near Threatened (NT) as per the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species V 2016.1. Four species, the Black shouldered Kite (Elanus axillaris), Red-necked Falcon (Falco chicquera), Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus) and Shikra (Accipiter badius) are listed under Schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and amendments, and are accorded the highest protection. Observed avifaunal species from the study area are shown in Figure 5.24 and listed in Table 5.22.

Figure 5.24 Avifaunal Species observed in the Study Area

Ashy-crowned Sparrow-lark Ashy Prinia Black-bellied Tern

Black-headed Ibis Black Ibis Brahminy Kite

Brahminy Starling Black-shouldered Kite Black-winged Stilt

Cattle Egret Common Babbler Common Coot

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Collared Dove Common Myna Great Cormorant

Coucal Darter Grey Francolin

Grey Heron Glossy Ibis Common Crow

Indian Courser Indian Pond Heron Indian Roller

Indian Silverbill Laughing Dove Little Egret

Little Grebe Large-grey Babbler Openbill

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Pied Bushchat Pied Kingfisher Purple Sunbird

Red-headed Falcon River Tern Rufous-tailed Lark

Red-wattled Lapwing Spot-billed Duck Small-green Bee-eater

Shikra White-breasted Kingfisher White-breasted Waterhen

Lesser Whistling-duck Yellow-billed Babbler Yellow-wattled Lapwing Source: Site and surrounding areas survey by ERM during the site visit

Table 5.22 Avifaunal Species observed in the Study Area

Common Scientific Migratory WPA , SN Family Habitats IUCN Name Name Status 1972 Ashy crowned Eremopterix 1 Alaudidae R T LC IV Sparrow Lark griseus 2 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis Cisticolidae R T LC IV 3 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae M T LC IV Black- 4 Elanus axillaris Accipitridae R T LC I shouldered Kite

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Common Scientific Migratory WPA , SN Family Habitats IUCN Name Name Status 1972 Black winged Himantopus 5 Recurvirostridae R A LC IV Stilt himantopus Black-headed Threskiornis 6 Threskiornithidiae R A NT IV Ibis melanocephalus Brahminy Sturnus 7 Sturnidae R T LC IV Starling pagodarum 8 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae R A LC IV Common Turdoides 9 Timaliidae R T LC IV Babbler caudata 10 Common Coot Fulica atra Rallidae M A LC IV Acridotheres 11 Common Myna Sturnidae R T LC IV tristis Anhinga 12 Darter Anhingidae R A NT IV melanogaster Eurasian Streptopelia 13 Columbidae R T LC IV Collared Dove decaocto Eurasian Anastomus 14 Ciconiidae R A LC IV Openbill oscitans Plegadis 15 Glossy Ibis Threskiornithidiae R,M A LC IV falcinellus Great Phalacrocorax 16 Phalacrocoracidae R A LC IV Cormorant carbo Great White 17 Ardea alba Ardeidae R A LC IV Egret Centropus 18 Greater Coucal Cuculidae R T LC IV sinensis 19 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae R T LC IV Blue-faced Phaenicophaeus 20 Cuculidae R T LC IV Malkoha viridirostris Francolinus 21 Grey Francolin Phasianidae R T LC IV pondicerianus 22 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Ardeidae R A LC IV Corvus 23 House Crow Corvidae R T LC V splendens Passer 24 House Sparrow Passeridae R T LC IV domesticus Indian Phalacrocorax 25 Phalacrocoracidae R A LC IV Cormorant fuscicollis Cursorius 26 Indian Courser Glareolidae R T LC IV coromandelicus Indian Jungle Corvus 27 Corvidae R T LC IV Crow macrorhynchos Eudynamys 28 Indian Koel Cuculidae R T LC IV scolopaceus Indian Pond 29 Ardeola grayii Ardeidae R A LC IV Heron Saxicoloides 30 Indian Robin Muscicapidae R T LC IV fulicatus Coracias 31 Indian Roller Coraciidae R T LC IV benghalensis Indian Lonchura 32 Estrildidae R T LC IV Silverbill malabarica Intermediate Mesophoyx 33 Ardeidae R A LC IV Egret intermedia 34 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus Accipitridae R A LC I Large-grey Turdoides 35 Leiothrichidae R T LC IV Babbler malcolmi Spilopelia 36 Laughing Dove Columbidae R T LC IV senegalensis Lesser Dendrocygna 37 Anatidae R A LC IV Whistling Duck javanica

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Common Scientific Migratory WPA , SN Family Habitats IUCN Name Name Status 1972 Little 38 Microcarbo niger Phalacrocoracidae R A LC IV Cormorant 39 Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae R A LC IV Tachybaptus 40 Little Grebe Podicipedidae R A LC IV ruficollis Pseudibis Threskiornithidae R A 41 Black Ibis LC IV papillosa Black-bellied Sterna 42 Laridae R A EN IV Tern acuticauda 43 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae R T LC IV 44 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Alcedinidae R A LC IV Nectarinia 45 Purple Sunbird Nectariniidae R T LC IV asiatica Red-necked 46 Falco chicquera Falconidae R T NT I Falcon Red-vented 47 Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae R T LC IV Bulbul Red-wattled 48 Vanellus indicus Charadriidae R A LC IV Lapwing Red-Rumped 49 Cecropis daurica Hirundinidae R T LC IV Swallow 50 River Tern Sterna aurantia Sternidae R A NT IV 51 Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae R T LC IV Rufous Tailed Ammomanes 52 Alaudidae R T LC IV Lark phoenicura 53 Shikra Accipiter badius Accipitridae R T LC I Spot-billed Anas 54 Anatidae M A LC IV Duck poecilorhyncha White Throated Halcyon 55 Halcyonidae R A LC IV Kingfisher smyrnensis White-breasted Amaurornis 56 Rallidae R A LC IV Waterhen akool White-browed Motacilla 57 Motacillidae R A LC IV Wagtail madaraspatensis Yellow-billed 58 Turdoides affinis Timaliidae R T LC IV Babbler Yellow-wattled Vanellus 59 Charadriidae R A LC IV Lapwing malarbaricus Migratory Status: R- Resident, M-Migrant; IUCN: EN- Endangered, NT-Near Threatened, LC-Least Concern; WPA, 1972 (Indian Wildlife Protection Act -1972): Schedule – I, IV; Habitats: A-Aquatic, T- Terrestrial

The Jeddipalli Reservoir supports large numbers of aquatic congregatory species, such as cormorants and Oriental Darters. In the Kanekallu Tank, large numbers of egrets, ibis’es and herons were observed. The observed congregation of birds is shown in Figure 5.25 below.

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