Beluguppa, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Resettlement Planning Document

Project Number: 46268-002 February 2018

IND: Clean Energy Finance Investment Program - Tranche 1

Subproject: 100.8MW Wind Power Project at Beluguppa, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh

Submitted by

Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency, New Delhi

This social safeguards due diligence report has been prepared by the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency, New Delhi for the Asian Development Bank and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s Public Communications Policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of

ADB. This social safeguards due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

DUE DILIGENCE REPORT ON SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS

(LOAN 3186 IND: CLEAN ENERGY INVESTMENT PROGRAM)

Subproject: 100.8MW Wind Power Project at Beluguppa, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh

Subproject Developer: Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt Ltd

(Subsidiary of Orange Renewable Power Private Limited)

M K MOHANTY, ADB TA, Prepared by Social Safeguard Specialist

RUCHIKA DRALL, Review by Environmental & Social Officer, ESSU, IREDA

KHEKIHO YEPTHO, Head Approved by ESSU & Compliance Officer, IREDA

1 Table of Content

NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 1 Introduction 3 2 Subproject Description 3 3 Subproject Status 5 4 Scope of Review and Methodology 5 5 Social Safeguard Issues under the Subproject 6 6 Social Safeguard Categorization and Rationale 11 7 Social Safeguard Requirement for the Subproject 12 8 Other Subproject Specific Issues 13 9 Public Consultation under the Subproject 13 10 Grievance Redress Mechanism for the Subproject 13 11 Employment Opportunity from the Subproject 13 12 Community Development Initiatives by the Subproject 13 13 Summary Due Diligence Findings 14 14 Conclusion and Recommendations 15

NO. Annexure

1 ESIA of the project 2 NOC from Panchayat 3 Sample Sale Deed 4 Social Safeguard Screening Checklist & Categorization

2 SOCIAL DUE DILIGENCE REPORT

Subproject: 100.8 MW Wind Power Project at Beluguppa in Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh

Developer: Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Private Limited (OUWPPL) an SPV of Orange Renewable Power Private Limited

1. Introduction

Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA) is the single largest renewable energy financier in India and applied for ADB loan to fund as a part of its overall lending portfolio, to private sector renewable energy and energy efficiency subprojects in India, including small scale wind, biomass, small hydro, solar, cogeneration, and energy efficiency.

IREDA’s mandate is to minimize the energy sector’s negative environmental impact by promoting cleaner and more environmentally friendly technologies, and thus is committed to avoid and mitigate adverse environmental impacts, if any, resulting from the projects it finances. In order to identify and effectively address potential impacts from projects funded with the ADB line of credit, IREDA has formulated and adopted an Environment and Social Safeguard Unit (ESSU), which is in compliance with Indian national laws and Asian Development Bank (ADB) Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009. The objective of the ESSU is to guide IREDA’s actions to safeguard against adverse environmental and social impacts for sub-projects using ADB’s funds.

Keeping in view the main objective of the ESSU, ADB social safeguard requirements and in confirmation with the national and local policy and legal framework, a social due diligence study has been carried out for the subproject i.e. 100 MW wind power plant in Andhra Pradesh being promoted by Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Private Limited (OUWPPL) an SPV of Orange Renewable Power Private Limited.

2. Subproject Description

The proposed project site is Beluguppa village of Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh. The project site spreads across eight villages’ viz. Beluguppa, Srirangapuram, Thagguparthi, Yeragudi, Avulenna, Y. Rengapuram, Duddekunta and Narinjagundlapalli of Uravakonda Mandal in Anantapur District. The project site comprises low productive agricultural land depended on monsoon, part of which is being used by locals for farming with tube well water. Land use of the land selected for WTGs as per government records is agricultural for which certificate of conversion to Non Agricultural (NA) land use has been obtained.

OUWPPL has contracted Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. to provide turnkey solutions for micro- siting, wind resource analysis, supply, erection, commissioning and operation & maintenance of the project WTGs. The project will involve installation of 48 numbers of WTGs of 2.1 MW capacity each, totaling to a capacity of 100.8 MW. The map of the project site with WTG locations is provided in Figure 1.

Figure: 1 Project Site Map

M/s Top View infrastructures Pvt. Ltd. and M/s Sai Ram Land Developers Pvt. Ltd. are two sub- contractors acting as land aggregators for the project was responsible for procuring land through willing buyer-willing seller basis after paying the proper market value to the original land owner in the name of Suzlon. Administering the Agreement to Sale (ATS) and Sale Deed with the original landowners the land purchasing and registration process has been completed for the subproject. Finally the land is transferred in the name of OUWPPL from Suzlon.

The power generated from the wind farm shall be transmitted to state govt. 400kV/220kV (substation) situated at Mopidi village for which OUWPPL has signed a power purchase agreement

4 with Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (APSPDCL) at wind preferential Tariff as determined by Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (APERC) from time to time for the specified control period.

Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. is responsible for laying of transmission line from polling station to State Government owned 220/400 kV Mopidi sub-station and the transmission line will be used as shared infrastructure by various developers including OUWPPL. OUWPPL will pay proportionate fees to transmit the power to Mopidi sub-station. Finally the transmission line will be handed over to the Andhra Pradesh Transmission Company Limited (APTRANSCO) for operation and maintainance.

The project requirement in terms of various components and activities involves the following:

• Procurement/direct purchasing of land through Land aggregator • Installation of 48 wind turbines with a unit generating capacity of 2.1 MW each, totaling a generation capacity of 100.8 MW; • Electrical connection with feeder underground cable from the turbines, to the distribution transformers and a connection to the substation. • Construction of access roads and internal roads • Power evacuation to 220/400 kV Mopidi substation

3. Subproject Status

As on 31st March 2017, the status of project implementation is as follows:

• Wind Resource Assessment completed; • Micro-siting has been completed; • Procurement of land for all components are fully completed; • Demarcations and pathway finalization completed; • Soil testing completed for all the site purchased; • Pooling Substation and zero point storage yard completed; • Approach and internal roads completed to WTG clusters and clusters to individual WTGs; • All 48 WTGs towers erected and stringing completed; • Site office of ANPWPL established and Project staff mobilization completed; • Project is already commissioned.

4. Scope of Review and Methodology

This social due diligence report is prepared based on review of various subproject documents, consultation with developers, field staff and on site observation. The documents reviewed for the subproject includes Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Report and Inception Report, Sale deed and NoC from Village etc. Site visit conducted during April-2017 and Nov-2017 and consulted with the field staff of Project Developer and local people.

The ESIA study for the proposed subproject has been conducted as per applicable national regulations in India. The study includes collection and collation of baseline environmental and socio-economic information of the study area, assessment of potential project level environmental and social impacts and development of project specific mitigation and management plans. The ESIA report for the subproject is attached in Annexure 1.

5 5. Social Safeguard Issues under the Subproject

The social safeguard issues identified through the social due diligence process are discussed in the following section.

5.1 Land Requirement under the Subproject

The land requirement for the subproject was for tower locations and approach roads. Total land requirement for the purpose was 146.95 acres. The land requirements for various locations are presented in the Table: 1 below.

Table 1: Land Requirement for the Subproject

Sl. Area Name of Land Owner including Village Taluka District No. (Acres) Shareholders 1. Kummathi Ramanjaneyulu S/o Chendrayudu 1 Srirangpuram Belugappa Anantpur 2. Vuruvakili Rami Reddy, S/o 3.05 Hanumanthappa 1. B.Venkata Ramananda Reddy S/o 2 Srirangapuram Belugappa Anantpur Yerrappa 3.05 2. B.Srinivasulu Reddy S/o Obi Reddy 1. Yennapusalla Pedda Kullaya Reddy S/o Chenna Rayudu 3 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 2. Yennapusalla Pedda Kullaya Reddy S/o 3.05 Chenna Rayudu 4 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 3.05 1. Uparra Oligappa S/o Chinna Anjinappa 1. Jakkannagari Vijaya, W/o Eswara 5 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 3.05 Reddy 1. Jakkanagari Jayarami Reddy and his wife Kavitha 6 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 2. Jakannagari Subadhramma W/o Sreeramulu 3.05 3. Jakkannagari Janakiram S/o Sreeramulu 1. Chekke Siddanna S/o Siddanna 7 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 2. Chekke Venkateswarlu S/o Chekke 3.05 3. Chekke Thippeswamy S/o Chekke 1. Pinjari Vannurappa 2. Khasimsab 3. Sakarappa 8 Narinjagundlapalli Belugappa Anantpur 4. Kullayappa 5. Kummatthi Narsimha Reddy 6. K. Venkatesulu 3.05 7. K. Sreenivasulu 1. Masineni Lakshmidevi W/o Late M.Ravanappa 2. Vanaja s/o Late M. Ravanappa 9 Thagguparthi Belugappa Anantpur 3. Ravichandra s/o M. Ravanappa 4. Dabbara Narayanamma W/o Late Pedda 3.05 Parvathaiah 1. Galibe Sumangalamma 2. Kallasetti Manjula D/o Galibe 10 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur Sumangalamma 3. Galibe Nagendra Prasad S/o Galibe 3.05 Rudranna

11 Srirangapuram Belugappa Anantpur 1. Boya Lakshmi 3.05 2. M Sanjeeva Reddy s/o Muthyala Reddy 1. Jarugula Chandra Sekhar s/o Jarugula 12 Duddekunta Belugappa Anantpur 3.05 Venkateswarlu 1. Malapati Venkata Narayana s/o Late Narayanappa 13 Yerragudi Belugappa Anantpur 2. M.Manjula W/o Venkata Narayana 3.05 3. Malapati Sharmila Chowdary

14 Yerragudi Belugappa Anantpur 1. Morusu Pedda Ramaiah 3.05 2. Morusu Kamalakar Chowdary 1. Malapati Adimurthy 2. Bhagyamma 3. Mounika 15 Y.Rampuram Belugappa Anantpur 4. Malapati Narappa 5. Konanki Gopal 6. Pallavi 3.05 7. Konanki Radhakrishna Murthy 1. Andra Kondaiah Chowdary 2. Narayana Swamy 16 Avulenna Belugappa Anantpur 3. Ramamohan 4. Padmavathi 3.05 5. Andra Varadakshi Naidu

1. Gonuguntla Sankaranarayana 17 Avulenna Belugappa Anantpur 2. Gonuguntla Anasuyamma 3. Santhosh Kumar 3.05 4. Sravan Kumar 1. Sompalli Rajendra Prasad 2. S K Ramanjaneyulu 3. Malliakarjuna 18 Thagguparthi Belugappa Anantpur 4. Chandrasekhar 5. Dhanunjaya 6. Yerrappa 3.05 7. S Lakshmi w/o Late. Ravindra 1. Boya Vannuru Swamy s/o 19 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur Narasimhappa 3.05 2. Boya Mallikarjuna s/o Narasimhappa 1. Ustili Rami Reddy

20 Srirangapuram Belugappa Anantpur 2. Ustili Kamalamma 3. Ustili Yamuna 3.05 4. Ustil Suvarna 1. Jakkannagari Rameswara Reddy 2. Jakkannagari Sandhya 21 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 3. Rajasekhar Reddy 4. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy 3.05 5. Ramamohan Reddy 1. B.Shakunthala 2. Belagallu Prabhakar 3. Boya Shantha Kumar 22 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 4. Boya Thippe Rudra 5. Malapati Savithramma 3.05 6. Yennapusala Hanumantha Reddy

7 1. B.Ramanjaneyulu 2. Kuruba Ramanjaneyulu 3. Buligondla Ramalakshmi 4. Kuruba Ramalakshmi 23 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 5. Buligondla Vannuramma 6. Kuruba Vannuramma w/o Late Thimmappa 7. Kuruba Jayaramulu s/o Hanumanthappa 8. Hanumantharayudu s/o Jayaramulu 3.05 9. Kuruba Ramu s/o Jayaramulu 1. Chilamakuri Thiruamalesu s/o Rangaiah 2. Chilamakuri Ramanjinamma w/o 24 Thagguparthi Belugappa Anantpur Ramaswamy 3. Bodapati Chandrakala 3.05 4. C. Venkatalalshmamma w/o Rangaiah 1. Meti Chinna Yerri Swamy 2. Meti Pedda Yerri Swamy 3. Meti Jayaramulu 25 Thagguparthi Belugappa Anantpur 4. Meti Gopal 5. Dabbara Narayana Swamy 6. Nirmala 3.05 7. Bhuvaneswara Chakravarthi

1. Dovalo Kummathi 2. Jayarami Reddy 3. Govinda Reddy 4. Ramanjaneyulu 5. Narayana Reddy 26 Srirangapuram Belugappa Anantpur 6. Kummathi Sunil 7. Bhaskara Reddy 8. D.K. Lakshmidevi 9. D.K. Suresh 10. Lalsekhar Reddy 3.05 11. Chennakesavulu 1. Morusu Narendra Naidu 27 Ankamaplli Belugappa Anantpur 2. Morusu Obula Naidu 3.05 3. Padmavathi w/o Obula naidu 1. Andra Sreeramulu s/o Venkataswamy 2. Andra Sreenivasulu 28 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 3. Andra Chakrapani 4. Andra Gopal s/o Lata Andra 3.05 Venkataravanappa

29 Y.Rampuram Belugappa Anantpur 1. Marusu Raghuramulu 3.05 2. Marusu Jayaramulu

30 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 1. Kalekurthi Sanjeeva Reddy 3.16 2. Kalekurthi Bheema Reddy

1. Egiddi Lakshmakka 31 Thagguparthi Belugappa Anantpur 2. Netyam Venkatalakshmi 3. Bodapati Chandrakala 3.19 4. Umapathi 1. Padma Thippeswamy s/o 32 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur Venkataramanappa 3.05 2. Boya Thippaiah s/o Marenna

8 1. Patil Lakshmi Devi w/o Patil Thimma Reddy 2. Patil Sreenivasa Reddy 3. Patil Satyanarayana Reddy s/o Patil Thimma Reddy

4. Reddipalli Hanumantha Reddy s/o

Thippa Reddy 33 Srirangapuram Belugappa Anantpur 5. Janardhana Reddy s/o Reddipalli Hanumantha Reddy 6. Reddipalli Krishna Reddy 7. Diwakar Reddy s/o Reddipalli Krishna Reddy 8. Maruti Prasad s/o Reddipalli Krishna 3.05 Reddy 1. Paineti Vani w/o Late Venugopal 2. Konaki Yerrapa s/o Pedda Pullaiah 3. Konanki Ranganayakulu s/o Konaki Yerrapa 34 Duddekunta Belugappa Anantpur 4. Konanki Somshekhara s/o Konaki Yerrapa 5. Thammineni Naresh s/o Late Pedda 3.05 Yerriswamy 1. G Mallikarjuana s/o Rachanna 2. G Rajeshwari w/o G Mallikarjuna 35 Yerragudi Belugappa Anantpur 3. G Veeresh s/o Rachanna 4. G Manohar s/o Rachanna 3.05 5. G Rachanna s/o Eswarappa 1. Chimbili Bhaskar Reddy s/o Ramachandraiah Reddy 2. Chimbili Trivedi Naidu s/o Ramachandraiah Reddy 36 Yerragudi Belugappa Anantpur 3. Venkatesulu s/o Ramachandraiah

Reddy 4. Chimbili Venkatappa s/o Late Chimbili Narayanappa 3.05 5. Chimbili Anil s/o Lokanath Chowdary 1. Keklekurthi Dhanunjaya Reddy s/o Late Sanjeeva Reddy 2. Kamireddy Yasoda w/oo Dhanunjaya Reddy 3. Kalekurthi Gopal Reddy s/o Late

Shankar Reddy

4. Rajula Saritha w/o Rajula Sudhakar 37 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur Reddy 5. Rajula Sudhakar Reddy s/o Bheema Reddy 6. Palavi Jyothi w/o Radha Reddy 7. Palavi Radha Reddy s/o Govind Reddy 8. Kalekurthi Thimmakka w/o Narayana 3.05 Reddy 1. Gangavaram Akkamma w/o Prakash Reddy 2. Bodimalla Rammi Reddy s/o Hanumappa 3. Bodimalla Nagendra Reddy s/o

Bodimalla Rammi Reddy 38 Srirangapuram Belugappa Anantpur 4. Bodimalla Rami Reddy s/o Late Obi Reddy 5. Bodimalla Sivamma w/o Bodimalla Rami Reddy 6. Bodimalla Prasanth s/o Bodimalla Rami 3.09 Reddy

1. Nara Radhika 39 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 2. Nara Sivaramakrishna 3. Chimbili Adilakshmi 3.18 4. Chimbili Venkatappa

40 Yerragudi Belugappa Anantpur 1. Chandrashekhar Reddy s/o Late 3.18 Neelakanta Reddy

1. Kunduru Vijayalakshmi w/o Late Diwakar Reddy 41 Yerragudi Belugappa Anantpur 2. Chippagiri Thimma Reddy s/o Rami Reddy 3. Chippagiri Vijayalakshmi w/o Chippagiri 3.05 Thimma Reddy

1. Konanki Srinivasulu s/o Konanki 42 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur Venkatanayudu 2. Konanki Praveen Kumar s/o Konanki 3.05 Venkatanayudu

1. Sontela Kuruba Yerikilappa 2. Sontela Yerriswamy 3. S K Yerriswamy

4. Sontela Chinna Narayanappa 5. K C Narayanappa s/o Hanumanthappa 6. Sontela Narayanappa s/o Hanumanthappa 43 Ankamaplli Belugappa Anantpur 7. Chinna Hanumanthappa s/o Sontela Narayanappa 8. Sontela Kuruba Mallikarjuna s/o Sontela Narayanappa 9. Sontela Kuruba s/o Sontela Narayanappa 10. K C Narayanappa s/o Yerikilappa 3.05 11. S K Sudhakar s/o Yerikilappa

1. Boya Uligamma w/o Late Thippaiah 2. Boya Gangappa s/o Late Thippaiah 3. Gulapalli 44 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 4. Gollapalli

5. Golla Lakshmi devi 6. Lakshmidevamma w/o Late Chennaiah 7. Gollapalli Ravindra s/o Late Chennaiah 3.05 8. G Venugopal s/o Late Chennaiah 45 Srirangapuram Belugappa Anantpur 3.05 1. Ediga Malikarjuna s/o Late Nagappa

1. Morusu Nagabhushana s/o Late 46 Y.Rampuram Belugappa Anantpur Obulaiah 2. Morusu Nirmala w/o Morusu 3.05 Nagabhushana

1. Kethireddi Vinod /Vinod Kumar 47 Beluguppa Belugappa Anantpur 2. Kethireddi Obi Reddy 3.05 3. Boya Duggeppagri Marenna 1. Boya Dasari Sreenivasulu 2. Boya Dasari Nagaraju 48 Narinjagundlapalli Belugappa Anantpur 3. Boya Nagappa s/o Bheemappa 4. Boya Vanuramma w/o Late Mareppa 3.05 5. Boya Ramesh Total 146.95

10 The developer has purchased the land through the land aggregator from the landowners on willing seller - willing buyer basis. The developer has obtained the NOC from Gram Panchayat and villages from where land is purchased to establish the plant and the copy of this NOC is provided in Annexure 2. The sample sale deed agreement administered for land purchasing is attached in Annexure 3. Based on the assessment of sale deed agreements, it is confirmed that the land has been purchased from the owners directly clarifying the purpose of purchase and the land register has verified and certified that the land is encumbrance free and without any kind of litigation.

5.2 Involuntary Resettlement Issues under the Subproject

Since there is no compulsory land acquisition involved the subproject as the land is directly purchased from the landowners on willing buyer – willing seller basis, there does not arise any issue of involuntary resettlement. The landowners have directly sold their land to the developer and the lands are either barren or low-productive agricultural land. During the land identification and purchase process attention has been paid and avoided purchasing of land from small and marginal farmer. Thus the landowners have only sold part of their land and not suffered any major livelihood loss. During the site visit it was observed that the land percales purchased for the subproject are away from the settlement area and therefore does not occurred any physical displacement.

5.3 Indigenous Peoples Issues under the Subproject

According to the Census of India 2011 statistics, Scheduled Tribe (ST) population of Anantpur district is below 3%. It is confirmed from the census information that no indigenous people are present in the subproject-affected villages and none of the land purchased for the subproject belongs to the ST community. Hence, there is no issue of indigenous people has been identified under the subproject. The project outcome is not directly benefiting the ST community as the power generated from the plat will be connected to transmission grid only and does not have any role in distribution system. However, at larger level, the power generation will definitely strengthen the power supply system of the area as a whole and hence indirectly benefit all communities including ST in the area.

6. Social Safeguard Categorization and Rationale

On the basis of the review of project information and site observation, the Social Safeguard Screening Checklist (Annexure 4) was completed as per the requirement set forth in IREDA’s Environmental and Social management System (ESSU). Based on the social safeguard checklist, it was established that the subproject is categorized as “Category-C” from both Involuntary Resettlement and Indigenous Peoples safeguard point of view. The Involuntary Resettlement Categorization form and the Indigenous Peoples Categorization form are attached in Annexure 4.

The rationale behind the social safeguard categorization as “C” i.e. the subproject does not require any further specific actions so far as the social safeguard point of view is because the subproject does not involve any involuntary acquisition of private land and does not have any negative impacts on people including indigenous community. The photograph of the subproject site is presented below in Figure-2.

Figure-2: Photograph of the Subproject Site

7. Social Safeguard Requirement for the Subproject

As per the Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) adopted by IREDA, followings are the generic social safeguard requirements for a subproject to qualify for financing under ADB lines of credit:

• The subproject is not among the Prohibited Investment Activities List (PIAL) of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009. • The subproject with potential significant social impacts are complies with Safeguard Requirements of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). • The subproject complies with the national laws, regulations, and related to involuntary resettlement, land acquisition, indigenous peoples/ scheduled tribes and management of physical cultural resources. • The subproject addresses the gender and development issues and needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. • The subproject's contracts with civil works contractors, subcontractors and other providers of goods and services ensure provisions to employ local labor, whenever possible, and ensure compliance with ADB's social protection requirements.

Keeping in view the subproject context, the specific social safeguard requirements includes the following:

12 • Carry out social impact assessment for the subproject • Carry out consultation with local community • Engage an independent external party to validate and document the negotiation and land purchase process • Make a gender assessment • Disclosure of the social impact assessment and social management plan • Establish grievance redressal mechanism

8. Other Subproject Specific Issues

The other specific social issues like consultation and disclosure, grievance redressal mechanism, employment opportunity from the subproject and corporate social responsibility etc. discussed in the following section.

9. Public Consultation under the Subproject

During various stages of subproject preparation, public consultation meetings were carried out involving various stakeholders. The project developer has informed the villagers about the project during very inception stage. The stakeholders engaged in the consultation process included village panchayat, village community, landowners, local administration, revenue officers, and various line departments. However, there is no clear documentation on consultation. The subproject ESIA document is not properly disclosed to the stakeholders.

10. Grievance Redress Mechanism for the Subproject

OUWPPL does not have any formal stakeholder engagement plan or grievance redressal mechanism. However, during the site visit, it is observed that a complain register was available in their site office but found no complain registered in it.

11. Employment Opportunity from the Subproject

The subproject has created employment opportunities for local people and utilizing local resources in terms of employment of local laborers, hiring machines and manpower for transportation of materials and equipment during construction.

Mostly local unskilled laborers engaged during construction were local people. At present, the operation and maintenance service team engaged by the developer has at least 15 local villagers and another 6 local persons are engaged for providing security services.

12. Community Development Initiatives by the Subproject

As a part of its corporate social responsibility (CSR) program, the contractor has assessed some local needs and indented the following activities to be taken up as a part of Community Development Plan for the villages near the plant.

• Helping setting up medical facilities in the villages, organizing health check-up camps • Upgrading Infrastructure in schools like, provision of Library and Computer rooms, furniture and fans in schools. • Strengthening of existing roads in the villages during construction period and post construction period

13 • Conduct veterinary camps for livestock in the project villages.

The contractor has already implemented some of the community development initiatives like supplying of kits to school children, repairing and maintenance of common road used for the plant and villages and organizing health check-up camps in the villages etc.

13. Summary Due Diligence Findings

Based on the subproject assessment, the summary social safeguard due diligence findings are listed below:

• The subproject does not involve involuntary land acquisition and resettlement issue as the land required for the subproject were directly purchased from the landowners on willing seller willing buyer basis. • Social impact assessment has been carried out under the subproject but it does not specifically address the issues as per ADB requirement. • No public consultation has been carried out for the subproject and the social assessment report has not disclosed to the communities. • There does not have any specific grievance redressal mechanism established under the subproject except placing a complain register at site.

During the due diligence visit in 14th November 2017, 12 number of landowners including their legal hire were consulted at various villages and confirmed that the land purchase process was very much transparent and they had got a good deal in comparison to the prevailing market price. The summary consultation findings and list of participants are presented in the Table: 2 below and the photographs are presented in Figure: 2.

Table: 2 Summary Consultation Findings and list of Participants

Sl. No. Name of Participants Village Summary Findings 1 Mr. Jaysimha Belaguppa • After land survey, the contractor 2 Mr. Mrityunjay Belaguppa directly approached the farmers 3 Mr. S. K. Siddhya Belaguppa and start negotiating for the land. 4 Mr. Pratap Rangaiah Thagguparthy • During the negotiation process the 5 Mr. Ampanna Yerri Swami Thagguparthy farmers had a fair chance of 6 Mr. Narendra Reddy Srirangapuram bargaining. 7 Mr. K. Sundarya Thagguparthy • The got a good price in 8 Mr. Narayana Swami Avulenna comparison to the prevailing 9 Ms. Nirmala Belaguppa market price 10 Ms. Lakshmidevi Belaguppa • Even more farmers in the villages 11 Mr. V R Reddy Srirangapuram are ready to sell their land because 12 Mr. Yerrappa Belaguppa low productivity of land. • All the farmers have additional land with them • The farmers have utilised the money for their loan repayment, house construction, investment in new business or maintaining a part of it as fixed deposit in the bank.

Figure-2: Consultation with Landowners at Subproject Site

14. Conclusion and Recommendations

The social due diligence study of current subproject reveals that there will not be any adverse social impact due to the intervention. The subproject is categorized as Category "C" form social safeguard point of view. The private land required for the subproject is directly purchased from landowners by paying market value to the landowners and no compulsory acquisition of land occurs in the subproject, therefore no involuntary resettlement occurs.

As per the ESMS requirement, no further action including resettlement planning, livelihood planning or indigenous peoples planning is required for the subproject. However, the developer will continue to engage the local villagers throughout the operation period and carry out CSR activities in the area.

Based on the findings of due diligence study the subproject is recommended for funding under the proposed project using ADB line of credit. IREDA will ensure compliance of ESSU and carry out periodic monitoring of the social safeguard issue and report to ADB as agreed in the ESMS.

ANNEXURE 1 Copy of ESIA Report

OUWEPL: Environmental and Social

Impact Assessment for 100.8 MW Wind Power Project: Beluguppa, Anantapur

District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Final Report Private Limited

August 2016

www.erm.com

The Business of Sustainability FINAL REPORT

Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Private Limited

OUWEPL: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for 100.8 MW Wind Power Project: Beluguppa, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India

07 August 2016

Reference # I11419/0330571

Prepared by : Rohan Fernandes, Pooja Menon and Chaitanya Krishna

Reviewed by: Manish Singh Principal Consultant

Karunakaran Nagalingam Principal Consultant

Approved by: Neena Singh Partner

This report has been prepared by ERM India Private Limited a member of Environmental Resources Management Group of companies, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client.

We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above.

This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at their own risk.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BASIS OF THE REPORT 1 1.2 APPLICABLE REFERENCE FRAMEWORK 1 1.3 ORANGE RENEWABLE POWER PVT. LTD. 2 1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 2 1.5 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT 7 1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 7 1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 7 1.8 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 8 1.8.1 Preliminary Discussions with Project Proponent 9 1.8.2 Scoping Study 9 1.8.3 Document Review 9 1.8.4 Site Survey and Preliminary Consultations 9 1.8.5 Environmental Baseline Data Collection 10 1.8.6 Stakeholder Consultation 10 1.8.7 Impact Assessment 11 1.8.8 Environmental and Social Management Plan 11 1.9 LIMITATIONS 11 1.9.1 Uses of the Report 12

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 14

2.1 PROJECT SETTING 14 2.1.1 Project location and Setting 14 2.2 LAND REQUIREMENTS 23 2.3 LAND DETAILS 23 2.3.1 Project related land procurement and specific issues 24 2.3.2 Land details and existing procurement status for specific components 27 2.3.3 Land Purchase Process 28 2.3.4 Stakeholder engagement and GRM 29 2.3.5 Labour 30 2.4 PROJECT COMPONENTS 30 2.4.1 Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) 30 2.4.2 Wind Farm 30 2.4.3 Pooling Sub Station and Power Evacuation Arrangements 31 2.4.4 Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)/ Condition Monitoring System (CMS) 33 2.4.5 Storage Yard 33 2.4.6 Batching Plant 33 2.4.7 Access Road and Site Access 34 2.5 PROJECT ACTIVITIES 35 2.5.1 Planning Phase 35 2.5.2 Construction 35 2.5.3 Operations & Maintenance 36 2.5.4 Decommissioning 36 2.6 RESOURCE REQUIREMNTS FOR THE PROJECT 37 2.6.1 Water Requirement 37

2.6.2 Raw Materials and Equipment 37 2.6.3 Fuel requirement and Storage 38 2.6.4 Power Requirement 39 2.6.5 Pollution Control-Embedded Measures 39 2.6.6 Air Emissions 39 2.6.7 Noise Emissions 40 2.6.8 Waste Management 40 2.6.9 Wastewater Management 41 2.6.10 Fire Safety and Security 42 2.7 PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 43 2.7.1 Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd. 43 2.7.2 Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. 43 2.8 CORPORATE POLICIES 44 2.8.1 Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. 44

3 ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 45

3.1 INTRODUCTION 45 3.1 PERMITTING STATUS OF THE PROJECT 45 3.1.1 EIA Notification (2006) and its amendments 45 3.1.2 Central Pollution Control Board 45 3.1.3 Andhra Pradesh Wind Power Policy of 2015 45 3.2 INSTITUTION FRAMEWORK- ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES 46 3.3 APPLICABLE REGULATORY/ POLICY FRAMEWORK 49 3.4 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS 52 3.5 INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS 52 3.5.1 IFC Requirements 52

4 SCREENING AND SCOPING 56

4.1 SCREENING METHODOLOGY 56 4.1.1 Kick-off Meeting 56 4.1.2 Document Review 56 4.2 PROJECT CATEGORISATION 57 4.2.1 Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EFPI) and International Performance Standards (IFC) 57 4.3 SCOPING METHODOLOGY 58 4.4 SCOPING RESULTS 59 4.4.1 Cumulative Impacts 59

5 ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 64

5.1 LOCATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE SETTING 64 5.2 AREA OF INFLUENCE 64 5.2.1 Study Area 64 5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE METHODOLOGY 67 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE FINDINGS 68 5.4.1 Land cover and use 68 5.4.2 Local Topographical Features 71 5.4.3 Geology and Hydrogeology 74 5.4.4 Hydrology and Drainage Pattern 76

5.4.5 Climate and Meteorology 78 5.4.6 Natural Hazards 79 5.4.7 Ambient Air Quality 86 5.4.8 Noise Quality 92 5.4.9 Water Quality 95 5.4.10 Soil Quality 103 5.5 ECOLOGICAL BASELINE 106 5.5.1 Objectives 106 5.5.2 Study area 107 5.5.3 Approach and Methodology 107 5.5.4 Floral Assessment 109 5.5.5 Faunal Assessment 110 5.5.6 Protected Areas 120 5.5.7 Migratory Routes 121 5.6 SOCIO ECONOMIC BASELINE 122 5.6.1 Study Area 122 5.6.2 Approach and Methodology 122 5.6.3 Administrative set up of the Study Area 124 5.6.4 Demographic Profile 124 5.6.5 Education profile 127 5.6.6 Land Profile 131 5.6.7 Occupation and Livelihood 133 5.6.8 Drinking Water Supply 139 5.6.9 Irrigation 141 5.6.10 Health Infrastructure 141 5.6.11 Others physical infrastructure 142 5.6.12 Civil Society Organisations 143

6 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND IDENTIFICATION 144

6.1 INTRODUCTION 144 6.2 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROJECT 144 6.3 STAKEHOLDER CATEGORISATION 145 6.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS 145 6.5 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS 146

7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 153

7.1 INTRODUCTION 153 7.2 SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT 153 7.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 153 7.4 KEY POTENTIAL IMPACTS 159 7.4.1 Key Environmental Impacts 159 7.4.2 Key Ecological Impacts 159 7.4.3 Key Social Impacts 159 7.5 KEY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 159 7.5.1 Change in land use 159 7.5.2 Impact on Water Resources 175 7.5.3 Impact on Air Quality 183 7.5.4 Aesthetics and Landscape concerns 186

7.5.5 Occupational health and Safety of Workers 190 7.5.6 Ambient Noise Levels 194 7.6 KEY ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS 204 7.6.2 Impacts during construction Phase 209 7.6.3 Impacts during Operation Phase 217 7.6.4 Cumulative Impact Assessment for Flying Fauna 223 7.7 KEY SOCIAL IMPACTS 225 7.7.1 Impacts to local communities 225 7.7.2 Economic Loss/Displacement due to selling of land 239 7.7.3 Impact on local employment opportunity 241 7.7.4 Social Development through Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) Initiatives242 7.7.5 Cumulative environmental and social impacts 243

8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 244

8.1 INTRODUCTION 244 8.2 OUWPPL’S ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 244 8.2.1 OUWPPL’s EHS Management 244 8.3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 245 8.3.1 Environmental, Health and Safety Department (EHS Department) 245 8.4 INSPECTION, MONITORING AND AUDIT 245 8.5 REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION 246 8.5.1 ESMP Review and Amendments 247 8.6 TRAINING PROGRAMME AND CAPACITY BUILDING 247 8.6.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan 248

9 IMPACT SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 259

9.1 INTRODUCTION 259 9.2 IMPACTS REQUIRING DETAILED ASSESSMENT 259 9.3 CONCLUSION 260

List of Table

Table 1.1 Salient Features of the Project: Snapshot of the Project 3 Table 1.2 Contractors associated with Suzlon for the Project 3 Table 1.3 Structure of the report 12 Table 1.4 Annexes in the report 13 Table 2.1 WTG Profiling of the 100.8 MW Project (up to a distance of 500 m from the WTG) 16 Table 2.2 Summary of the land required for the Project 24 Table 2.3 Technical Specifications of Suzlon S111 turbine 30 Table 2.4 List and quantity of raw material to be utilised for the WTG foundation activities during the construction phase (tonnes per WTG) 37 Table 2.5 Equipment type and quantity to be utilised during the construction phase 38 Table 2.6 Waste Generated, their sources and method of disposal 41 Table 3.1 Categorisation of wind power projects as per A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015 45 Table 3.2 Enforcement Agencies relevant to the Project 46 Table 3.3 Applicable environmental and social legislative framework for wind power projects 50 Table 3.4 IFC Performance Standards 54 Table 4.1 Potential interactions matrix for the 100.8 MW Project, near the village of Beluguppa. 60 Table 4.2 Interactions identified that are likely to result in significant impacts 61 Table 4.3 Scoped- out interactions during the proposed Project's life cycle 63 Table 5.1 Primary Baseline Data Collection 67 Table 5.2 Secondary Baseline Data Collection 68 Table 5.3 Land use break detail of the Project 69 Table 5.4 Climatological Data, Anantapur 78 Table 5.5 Predominant Wind Direction 79 Table 5.6 Details of Ambient Air Monitoring Stations 86 Table 5.7 Details of Methods and Detection Limits for different Air Quality Parameters88 Table 5.8 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area 88 Table 5.9 Details of Noise Sampling Locations 92 Table 5.10 Noise Level in the Study Area 92 Table 5.11 Details of Water Sampling Locations 95 Table 5.12 Surface Water Quality observed during the monitoring Period 98 Table 5.13 Primary Water Quality Criteria for Designated-Best-Use-Classes 99 Table 5.14 Groundwater Quality observed during the monitoring Period 101 Table 5.15 Details of soil sampling location 103 Table 5.16 Analysis report of the soil sample (So1) 104 Table 5.17 Vegetation Classification of the Region 107 Table 5.18 Water bodies surveyed in the study area 108 Table 5.19 Time utilization for ecology assessment 110 Table 5.20 Amphibians reported from the study area 111 Table 5.21 Reptiles reported from the study area 111 Table 5.22 Avifaunal Species observed in the Study Area 114 Table 5.23 Avifaunal Species recorded in the Study Area 118 Table 5.24 Details of Mammals recorded from the Study area 120 Table 5.25 Demographic profile of the study region 124 Table 5.26 Demography of the study area villages 125 Table 5.27 Religion wise classification of data 127

Table 5.28 SSC and intermediate results of Anantapur district 128 Table 5.29 Schools facilities in study region 129 Table 5.30 Hostel facilities provided by government in study region 130 Table 5.31 Land use classification of villages under study area 132 Table 5.32 Land holding pattern of the study region 133 Table 5.33 Occupational pattern of the villages under study area 134 Table 5.34 Drinking water source availability 140 Table 5.35 Health care facilities in study region 141 Table 6.1 Overview of Disclosure and stakeholder consultation requirement 144 Table 6.2 Stakeholder Group categorisation 145 Table 6.3 Stakeholder Significance and Engagement Requirement 145 Table 6.4 Assessing significance of stakeholder for the Project 147 Table 6.5 Summary of overall stakeholder influence 152 Table 7.1 Impact Characteristic Terminology 154 Table 7.2 Impact Type Definitions 155 Table 7.3 Definitions for Likelihood Designations 155 Table 7.4 Sensitivity Assessment Criteria for Land Use 160 Table 7.5 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Land Use 160 Table 7.6 Periodic alteration of land use 161 Table 7.7 Impact on land use as a result of the Project 162 Table 7.8: Sensitivity Assessment Criteria for Soil quality (compaction, erosion and contamination) 163 Table 7.9 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Soil 164 Table 7.10 Impacts on land and soil environment during the project life cycle 164 Table 7.11 Soil Erosion impacts during construction phase 165 Table 7.12 Soil Compaction impacts during construction phase 166 Table 7.13 Impact on land due to improper waste disposal during construction phase 168 Table 7.14 Soil contamination due to Leaks/spills during construction phase 170 Table 7.15 Impact on land due to improper waste disposal during the Operation and Maintenance Phase 171 Table 7.16 Leaks/Spills during operation phase 173 Table 7.17 Impact to Soil and Land environment during decommissioning phase activities 174 Table 7.18 Sensitivity Assessment Criteria for Water Resources (Surface water and Ground water) 175 Table 7.19 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Surface and Ground water Resources 176 Table 7.20 Impact on Water Resources during the Construction Phase 179 Table 7.21 Impact on water quality 180 Table 7.22 Impact on water availability during operation phase 181 Table 7.23 Impact on water quality during operation phase 182 Table 7.24 Sensitivity Criteria for Air quality 183 Table 7.25 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Air Quality (Construction Phase) 184 Table 7.26 Impact on air quality during construction phase 185 Table 7.27 Impact on air quality during decommissioning phase 186 Table 7.28 Landscape- aesthetic impacts during the Construction Phase 188 Table 7.29 Landscape- aesthetic impacts during the Operation and Maintenance Phase189 Table 7.30 Impact Significance on Occupational Health and Safety: Construction phase and installation phase 191

Table 7.31 Impact Significance on Occupational Health and Safety: Operation and Maintenance Phase 192 Table 7.32 Impact Significance on Occupational Health and Safety: Decommissioning Phase 194 Table 7.33 Assumed construction equipment sound pressure level inventory 195 Table 7.34 Noise generation from construction activities and transportation of man/ material 196 Table 7.35 Predicted Noise Levels at Noise Receptors during Operation Phase of Project with normal wind conditions. 201 Table 7.36 Noise generation from operation of the WTGs – day time 202 Table 7.37 Noise generation from operation of the WTGs – day time 203 Table 7.38 Identified interactions that are likely to result in significant impacts 204 Table 7.39 Habitat-Impact Assessment Criteria 206 Table 7.40 Species-Impact Assessment Criteria 207 Table 7.41 Impact significance of vegetation clearance during the construction phase 211 Table 7.42 Impact significance of construction activities during the construction phase 214 Table 7.43 Impact significance of approach road laying during construction phase 217 Table 7.44 Impact significance of collision and mortality risk to avifauna and bats from operating wind turbine blades 220 Table 7.45 Impact significance of collision and electrical hazards from transmission infrastructure on avifaunal species 222 Table 7.46 Summary of cumulative impacts 223 Table 7.47 Impact Magnitude for Local Communities 225 Table 7.48 Receptor Sensitivity for Local Communities 225 Table 7.49 Impact Significance Matrix 225 Table 7.50 Impact Significance on Community Health and Safety due to Traffic Hazards226 Table 7.51 Shadow Flicker Analysis for Receptors observed to be within 500 m of the WTGs 234 Table 7.52 Impact Significance of Shadow flickering on sensitive receptors 237 Table 7.53 Significance of impacts of accidents to communities as a result of natural disasters and blade throw incidents 239 Table.7.54 Significance of impact due to economic loss due to selling of land 241 Table.7.55 Significance of employment opportunity 242 Table 7.56 Significance of Social Development Opportunities 243 Table 8.1 Environmental and social management and monitoring plan for OUWPPL’s wind Power Project 249 Table 9.1 Impact Assessment Summary 259

List of Figure

Figure 1.1 Map Showing Location of the Project 5 Figure 1.2 Map showing the the location of WTGs in the Project Area 6 Figure 1.3 Approach adopted by ERM for the project 8 Figure 2.1 Map Showing Physical Features of the Project Area 15 Figure 2.2 Land Purchase process for the project 29 Figure 2.3 33/ 220 kV Substation located near the village of Beluguppa 32 Figure 2.4 Evacuation of power from the 220 KV DCOH line from the pooling Sub Station, eventually termination at the Government Substation, in the village of Mopidi. 32 Figure 2.5 Storage yard in the village of Gangavaram used for storage of WTG components. The site office is also located, here. 33 Figure 2.6 Equipment set up in the batching plant for the Project (Location: Mylarampalle village) 34 Figure 2.7 Type of Roadways present within the Project Area (a) Kuccha Roads Beluguppa Village (b) Internal Access Roads- Avulenna village (c) State Highway -82 and (d) Heavy vehicles plying on State Highway -82 35 Figure 2.8 Project Organisational structure: Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd 43 Figure 2.9 Organisational structure of Suzlon 44 Figure 5.1 Physical feature map of the Project AoI 66 Figure 5.2 Land use in the Project AoI 70 Figure 5.3 Contour Map of the Project AoI 72 Figure 5.4 Digital Elevation Map of the Project AoI 73 Figure 5.5 Geological and Hydrogeological map of Anantapur District 75 Figure 5.6 Waterbodies observed in the Project AoI at the time of the ERM site visit (a) Jeedipalli Reservoir (b) Dried up Kanekallu Tank. 76 Figure 5.7 Ahobilam/ PABR Dam located approximately 10 km north east of the Project76 Figure 5.8 Drainage Map of the Project AoI 77 Figure 5.9 Earthquake Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur 81 Figure 5.10 Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur 83 Figure 5.11 Flood Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur 85 Figure 5.12 Map showing the location of ambient air quality (AAQ) stations in the Project AoI 87

Figure 5.13 PM10 Concentration in the Study Area 89

Figure 5.14 PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area 89

Figure 5.15 SO2 Concentration in the Study Area 90 Figure 5.16 NOx Concentration in the Study Area 91 Figure 5.17 Map showing the location of Noise quality (NQ) stations in the Project AoI 93 Figure 5.18 Day Time Noise Levels 94 Figure 5.19 Night Time Noise Levels 95 Figure 5.20 Map showing the locations for surface water and ground water locations in the Project AoI 97 Figure 5.21 Map showing the soil sampling location in the Project AoI 105 Figure 5.22 Map of the Study Area 107 Figure 5.23 Habitat surveyed in the Study Area 110 Figure 5.24 Avifaunal Species observed in the Study Area 112 Figure 5.25 Congregation of aquatic birds in the study area 117 Figure 5.26 Blackbuck observed in the study area 120

Figure 5.27 Map showing estimated migration routes for Anatidae species in the Central Asian Flyway 121 Figure 5.28 Consultation with one of the affected community in Project study area 123 Figure 5.29 Administrative set up of the study areas 124 Figure 5.30 Literacy profile of the study area villages 128 Figure 5.31 A study centre run by RDT in one of the study area village 131 Figure 5.32 Distribution of main working population in the study area 135 Figure 5.33 Water Supply sources in the study area 140 Figure 5.34 Health facilities in the study area (a) PHC at Beluguppa b) RDT Hospital at Venkatadiripilli 142 Figure 7.1 Impact Assessment Process 154 Figure 7.2 Impact Significance 156 Figure 7.3 Map showing the 48 WTGs and the Noise Sensitive Receptors in the Project Area 199 Figure 7.4 Noise map showing 48WTG locations, noise locations and wind speed under strong wind conditions (8 m/s) 200 Figure 7.5 Schematic representation of collision risk zones to birds and bats 219 Figure 7.6 Map showing WTG and shadow receptor for the Project 232 Figure 7.7 Map showing WTG and shadow receptor for the Project: real case scenario 233

1 INTRODUCTION

Environmental Resource Management India Pvt. Ltd. (ERM) has been engaged by Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as ‘OUWPPL’), a subsidiary of Orange Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as ‘Orange’) for undertaking an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study for a 100.8 MW wind farm project located near the village of Belupguppa in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Orange is working with Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as ‘Suzlon’), an Indian wind turbine manufacturer. ERM had conducted a site visit to ascertain the environmental, social and ecological impacts of the project during May 2016. The Project comprises of 48 wind turbine generators (WTGs) of 2.1 MW capacities each. The WTGs being utilized for the project are the Suzlon S-111 model. The proposed wind farm is spread primarily around the villages of Beluguppa, Srirangapuram, Thagguparthi, Yeragudi, Avulenna, Y. Rengapuram, Duddekunta and Narinjagundlapalli, Nakkalapalli andSreerangapuram in Beluguppa Mandal of Anantpur District in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

In the above context, Environment Resources Management (ERM) has been commissioned by Orange to undertake Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of the project to meet the requirements of the specified reference framework in the following section.

1.1 BASIS OF THE REPORT

ERM understands that OUWPPL intends to develop the Project with financial assistance from its lenders. The Project requires evaluating the environmental and social risks associated with the proposed project and to implement mitigation measures in order to avoid potential impacts during the project lifecycle. It is imperative that the proposed project is in line with the applicable International Finance Corporation (IFC)/World Bank (WB) guidelines pertaining to the environment, social issues and occupational health and safety aspects as well as in compliance with State & National laws and regulations. The report discusses the environmental and social baseline within which the proposed wind farm project will be commissioned. In addition to this, the report will aim to assess the potential adverse and beneficial impacts that the project could have, along with suitable mitigation measures followed by an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the Project.

1.2 APPLICABLE REFERENCE FRAMEWORK

The applicable reference framework for the ESIA study includes the following set of standards and guidelines:

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 1

x IFC Performance Standards (2012) 1 to 8; x The applicable IFC / World Bank Guidelines: o The General EHS Guidelines, o EHS Guidelines for Wind Energy, August 2015; o Guidelines for Power Transmission and Distribution, 2007 (for construction and operation of transmission lines in windfarm); and o EHS Guidelines for Toll Roads, 2007 (for road infrastructure of wind farm); and x Applicable local, national and international environmental and social legislation will also be considered as part of the study.

*Note: Wind energy projects in India do not require an Environmental Clearance under the EIA Notification, 2006. The ESIA is thus being undertaken as an internal management tool. Thus, ERM is not preparing the ESIA for any regulatory requirements, hence, if any deliverable if used for the same purpose, ERM needs to be communicated by the Client.

1.3 ORANGE RENEWABLE POWER PVT. LTD.

Orange Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd. is involved in the development of power projects of over 7,500 MW, with a portfolio ranging from biomass, small hydro power, wind power and solar power. In India, Orange has been involved in the operations of wind power projects viz.

x 39.9 MW Wind Energy Project in Bhesada, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan (fully commissioned in FY 2013 and is selling 100% of its output to Jodhpur Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd.under the terms of a 25-year power purchase agreement); x 19.5 MW Wind Energy Project in Dalot, Pratapgarh, Rajasthan (fully commissioned in FY 2013 and is selling 100% of its output to Jaipur Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd. under the terms of a 25-year power purchase agreement); x 100.5 MW Wind Energy Project in Mamatkheda, Ratlam and Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh (commissioned in April, 2015); x 22.5 MW wind power project at Dalot & Devgarh, district, Pratapgarh, Rajasthan commissioned in FY-2014-15; x 100 MW at Nimbagallu, Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) , commissioned in FY 2016; x 50 MW at Berchha, Ratlam (Madhya Pradesh), commissioned in FY 2016; x 34 MW in Khanapur, Sangli, Maharashtra, of which 24 MW has been commissioned in FY 2015 and 10 MW to be commissioned in FY 17.

1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

Orange is in the process of developing a 100.8 MW Project near the village of Beluguppa. Suzlon has been engaged as the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) contractor for the project. They are also responsible for other project activities such as land procurement, pathway development,

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 2

WTG foundation, DP yards, substation, and transmission lines etc. which are being performed by contractors that are responsible for executing tasks pertaining to the project. The salient features of the Project have been summarized in Table 1.1. The location of the project is presented in Figure 1.1 and the location of the WTGs is presented in Figure 1.2. The contractors that are responsible for various components related to the Project are listed in Table 1.2.

Table 1.1 Salient Features of the Project: Snapshot of the Project

Particulars Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd., 100.8 MW, Beluguppa, Andhra Pradesh Location National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) approved site near Beluguppa village in Andhra Pradesh. Villages Beluguppa, Srirangapuram, Thagguparthi, Yeragudi, Avulenna, Y. Rengapuram, Duddekunta and Narinjagundlapalli Terrain The site comprises of flat terrain. The ground cover is a mix of irrigated and unirrigated land. Type of Wind Turbines Suzlon S111-2.1 MW model wind turbines, 48 no:s Power evacuation details Pooling Substation (PSS)

x Construction of the PSS is under process and is located near the village of Beluguppa; and x Capacity: 33/220 KV.

Internal Transmission Line and External Transmission Line

x Internal Transmission Line: Contsruction of the internal transmission line is currently ongoing. The total length of the 33 kV line is approximately 25.0 km and will be of Rolled Steel Joist (RSJ) type. The Internal access line will evacuate power via a network of 4 feeders at the PSS (viz.#2, 4, 5 and 6); and x External Transmission Line: Construction of the 220 kV line is currently ongoing. The total length of the external transmission line is approximately 22.2 km and will comprise of lattice type towers and in the final stages of construction. Power will be evacuated to the 400/220 kV APTRANSCO government sub station whichis situated in the village of Mopidi. Project Status at time of ESIA x WTG foundation casting activities: ongoing; study x Purchase of Land/ Right of Way (RoW) clearance process: ongoing. Project Commissioning date FY 2017 Source: OUWPPL

Table 1.2 Contractors associated with Suzlon for the Project

SN. Contractor’s Name Scope of Work 1 M/s Top View Pvt Ltd. Land aggregator and Batching Plant 2 M/s Sai Ram Land Land aggregator Developers Pvt. Ltd. 3 M/s Aspen Pvt. Ltd. Construction of PSS 4 M/s KSA Electrical work at the PSS

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 3

SN. Contractor’s Name Scope of Work 4 M/s Harsha Engineering Pvt. Construction of 33 kV Internal Transmission Line Ltd. 5 Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Road construction, particularly internal access roads Ltd. linking project components and WTGs with one another 6 M/s Top View Pvt Ltd. WTG Foundation Casting 7 M/s Chaitanya Pvt. Ltd. WTG Foundation Casting Source: OUWPPL

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 4

Figure 1.1 Map Showing Location of the Project

Source: Maps of India

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Figure 1.2 Map showing the the location of WTGs in the Project Area

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

1.5 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT

OUWPPL is undertaking this ESIA as part of lender requirements against the specified reference framework (1) relating to the environment, social issues and occupational health and safety matters, in addition to complying with Indian laws and regulations. The report discusses the environmental and social baseline within which the proposed wind farm project will be commissioned and assesses the potential adverse and beneficial impacts that the project could have, along with suitable mitigation measures and an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the Project.

1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The ESIA study has been undertaken with the following objectives:

To facilitate an understanding of the elements of the existing baseline conditions prevailing in the study area (5 km zone from project boundary is considered as study area); To identify the aspects of the Project likely to result in significant impacts to resources/receptors; To predict and evaluate the significance of the impacts of the Project; To document the stakeholder consultation during the study; To determine the significance of residual impacts, taking into account the implementation of mitigation measures; and To develop plans for the management and monitoring of impacts, including plans for ongoing stakeholder engagement.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In order to meet the objectives as specified in Section 1.6 , the scope of Work for the ESIA broadly entails:

Identification and review of the applicable local, state, national and international environmental legislation and regulatory framework; Primary Baseline data collection through field surveys and monitoring with respect to ambient air quality, Noise quality, ground water quality, surface water quality and soil quality within the study area; Collection of baseline information through secondary documents with respect to meteorology, soil quality, land use pattern, geology, geomorphology, hydrology, ecology and socio economic profile within the study area of 5km radius of the project site;

(1) The specified framework consists of: IFC Performance Standards, Indian environmental and social regulations and the Applicable Sectoral EHS Guidelines;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 7

Identification of any instances of shadow flicker that would potentially effect human settlements in the vicinity Project, and if identified, to develop mitigation measures to reduce the effects; Ascertain whether Project or its immediate environment is considered to be of value regarding specially protected species birds and bats; Prediction and identification of environmental impacts of the project followed by evaluation of significance of the predicted impacts; Suggesting appropriate mitigation/ enhancement measures for identified environmental and social impacts; Comparison and analysis of the alternatives considered for the project with respect to location and power generation technology; and Formulation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) in accordance with IFC’s Performance Standard 1 addressing the various aspects considered in IFC’s Performance Standards 2 through 8 with management tools and techniques including monitoring and reporting requirements for effective implementation.

1.8 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

ERM’s approach and methodology (Figure 1.3) for Project Dossier is summarized below:

Figure 1.3 Approach adopted by ERM for the project

Source: The ERM Impact Assessment Standard. v1

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 8

1.8.1 Preliminary Discussions with Project Proponent

x Discussions were held with OUWPPL and Suzlon personnel to understand the Project, current status of agreements (i.e. land allocation, power purchase agreement, electricity generation license, etc.), Project milestones, legal requirements and scope of ESIA; and x Collation of relevant project documents such as WTG micro-siting, wind assessment report, organization charts, land purchase process, health and safety plan, company’s HR policies, , transportation routes, transmission routes, etc.

1.8.2 Scoping Study

The main objective of the scoping was to ascertain the environmental issues associated with the Project on which ESIA study will be focussed. For this purpose, the project documents were reviewed and site survey was undertaken to understand the environmental and social sensitivities prevailing in the project area. Based on this, likely environmental issues associated with the Project activities were ascertained through matrices during construction, operation and decommissioning phases.

1.8.3 Document Review

Desk based review of the relevant documents and available imagery of the project site and its surroundings was carried out to have a clear understanding of the Project and to assess environmental and social sensitivities around the Project. The desk-based review focused on the following key information about the Project and the facilities under the purview of the Project: x Detailed Project Report prepared by OUWPPL; x Technical Due Diligence Proposed wind farm layout and micro-siting map; x Topographical maps of Survey of India; x Permission letter of Transmission Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (APTRANSCO) for grid connectivity to the project; x Approval latter from New and Renewable Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh ( NREDCAP); and x Organizational Chart and Human Resources Policies.

1.8.4 Site Survey and Preliminary Consultations

ERM team has undertaken a site reconnaissance survey and limited stakeholder consultation in the project area. During the visit, following was identified:

x Key social and environmental risks/receptors in the Project influence area; x Human resource and labour issues, inclusive of potential occupational health and safety; x Issues of environmental pollution and resource usage; x Prevailing community engagement processes;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 9

x Aspects of community health and safety, if any, linked to the proposed operations; x Significance of impacts on biodiversity and natural resource management; and x Discussions with the local communities in the vicinity to understand their views of the project.

1.8.5 Environmental Baseline Data Collection

Environmental baseline data was collected through primary monitoring and surveys of the study area (5 km distance from project area). Secondary information through literature surveys was also collected for the study area. The baseline study included the following: x Primary environmental baseline data collection within study area between the 3rd of May and the 7th of May, 2016. The primary environmental baseline data was collected with respect to ambient air quality, water (surface and groundwater) quality, soil quality, ambient noise quality, ecology and socio-economics; x The GIS mapping of the study area was done to present details on land use pattern, forest/ vegetation cover, settlements, water bodies, drainage pattern, spot heights and contours; and x Reconnaissance surveys of the project site and surrounding area within 5 km distance around the project site (defined as study area) to ascertain prevailing features of the biophysical and social environments; x Information on geology, meteorological conditions, water and ecological resources, socio-economic status etc. was also collected from secondary sources.

1.8.6 Stakeholder Consultation

During site visit for ESIA, following groups of stakeholders were consulted with the objective of collecting baseline data/information and to understand specific issues;

x OUWPPL and Suzlon Representatives; x Land Sellers; x Land Aggregators; x Contract workers; x Contractor Representatives of M/s KSA and M/s Top View; x Panchayat President of Beluguppa; x Panchayat Secretary of Narasapuram Panchayat; x Senior Doctor at Beluguppa Primary Health Centre; x Education Officer, Rural Development Trust; x Members of local women self-help groups; and x Local Community.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 10

1.8.7 Impact Assessment

Assessment of potential impacts on the various environmental and social elements due to the Project activities was carried out for this ESIA study. The likely impacts on loss of land, land-based and non-land based livelihoods, vulnerable groups (women, youth etc.), labour, water environment, air environment (including traffic volume count), biological environment and socio-economic environment has been identified based on the actual and foreseeable events/Project activities. For the impact assessment, wherever necessary, professional judgement, experience and knowledge on similar projects have been used. The extent and potential consequences of the impacts have been compared against applicable standards and guidelines. Mitigation measures have been suggested for each of the identified adverse impacts.

1.8.8 Environmental and Social Management Plan

The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been developed to include the following: x Introduction of purpose and aims of the ESMP; x Summary of significant adverse impacts and potential risks; x Mitigations and control technologies, safeguards etc. to minimize adverse impacts on air, water, soil, ecological and socioeconomic environment; x Occupational health related mitigation measures including occupational health surveillance programme; x Institutional mechanism - roles and responsibilities for ESMP implementation, training of ESMP implementation team; x Action Plans for effective control measures to minimize adverse impacts/risks; and x Monitoring program for effective implementation of the mitigations and ascertain efficacy of the environmental management and risk control systems in place;

1.9 LIMITATIONS

This ESIA report is based on scientific principles and professional judgment applied to facts with resultant subjective interpretations. Professional judgments expressed herein are based on the analysis of available data and information. The ESIA report was prepared with the following limitations:

x At the time of the site visit, the WTG profiling of 21 sites was performed as land parcels for the remaining sites were at various stages of negotiation and purchase. The remainder of the sites were assessed after finalisation by the client with the help of the latest satellite imagery data; and x The stakeholder consultation was done with the land owners who had willingly sold their land, hence may not be representative of all concerned stakeholders.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 11

1.9.1 Uses of the Report

ERM is not engaged in consulting or reporting for the purpose of advertising, sales promotion, or endorsement of any client interests, including raising investment capital, recommending investment decisions, or other publicity purposes. The client acknowledges this report has been prepared for their and their clients’ exclusive use and agrees that ERM reports or correspondence will not be used or reproduced in full or in part for such purposes, and may not be used or relied upon in any prospectus or offering circular. The client also agrees that none of its advertising, sales promotion, or other publicity matter containing information obtained from this assessment and report will mention or imply the name of ERM.

Nothing contained in this report shall be construed as a warranty or affirmation by ERM that the site and property described in the report are suitable collateral for any loan or that acquisition of such property by any lender through foreclosure proceedings or otherwise will not expose the lender to potential environmental or social liability.

Table 1.3 Structure of the report

Section Title Description Section 1 Introduction (this section) Introduction to the Project and ESIA methodology Section 2 Project Description Technical description of the Project & related infrastructure and activities Section 3 Administrative Discussion of the applicable environmental and Framework social regulatory framework and its relevance for the Project. Section 4 Screening and Scoping Description of the outcomes of the Screening exercise and description of the outcome of the Scoping exercise undertaken as part of the ESIA process. Section 5 Environmental, Ecological An outline of the Environmental, Ecological and and Social Baseline Social Baseline status in the area of the Project. Section 6 Stakeholder Mapping and An outline of the engagement with the stakeholder Identiciation groups undertaken as part of the assessment process and the key issues identified from the same. Section 7 Impact Assessment This section includes details of identified environmental impacts and associated risks due to project activities, assessment of significance of impacts and presents mitigation measures for minimizing and /or offsetting adverse impacts identified. Section 8 Environmental and Social Outline of the Environmental and Social Management Plan Management Plan (ESMP) taking into account identified impacts and planned mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. Section 9 Impact Summary and Summary of impacts identified for the Project Conclusion

The Annexes are as follows (Table 1.4):

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 12

Table 1.4 Annexes in the report

Annex No. Title A Photo documentation B Policies of Orange C Applicable Environmental Standards D Environmental Monitoring Results: Ambient Air Quality E Environmental Monitoring Results: Noise Quality F Environmental Monitoring Results: Surface Water Quality G Environmental Monitoring Results: Ground Water Quality H Environmental Monitoring Results: Soil Quality I Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Data Overview J Project Shadow Calendar Graphical

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 13

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This section provides a detailed description of the Project location, its key components, current status, Project permitting requirements and organizational management systems.

2.1 PROJECT SETTING

2.1.1 Project location and Setting

As mentioned in Chapter 1, the wind farm project is spread across the villages of Beluguppa, Srirangapuram, Thagguparthi, Yeragudi, Avulenna, Y. Rengapuram, Duddekunta and Narinjagundlapalli, Nakkalapalli and Sreerangapuram in Beluguppa Mandal of Anantpur District in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The Project is located between Easting coordinates of 723078.00 m E and 737563.00 m E and Northing coordinates of 1628880.00 m N and 1625983.00 m N, respectively and is approximately 40 km south of the town of Bellary (also known as Ballari), in Karnataka. The city of Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) lies approximately 45 km East of the Project. Road access for both clusters is via State Highway 82 (also known as SH-82 or Bellary- Anantapur Road) which bisects the Project area in a west to east direction and is a primary means of access and material movement. The State Highway 82, in turn connects to State Highway 32 and eventually to National Highway 67, which starts at the junction of NH 48 near Hubli of Karnataka and ends at Krishnapatnam Port road in Andhra Pradesh (1) (2) . In addition to this, the Project area is also accessible by a network of internal village roads (bituminous and non-bituminous) that originate from State Highway 82. No national park, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, notified historical and cultural sites etc. have been observed to be located within 5 km radius from the Project site. The physical features map of Project and its study area is shown in Figure 2.1. The photo documentation of each of the WTGs direction- wise is provided in Annex A.

(1) NH-63 (previously National Highway 67) passes through Ramnagar, Huballi, Ballary, Gooty, Tadapatri, Muddanru, Maidukuru, Nellore, Krishnapatnam port Road. (2) Roads and Buildings Department (Government of Andhra Pradesh). http://aproads.cgg.gov.in/getInfo.do?dt=1&oId=33. Accessed on 25/06/2016.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 14

Figure 2.1 Map Showing Physical Features of the Project Area

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 15

Table 2.1 WTG Profiling of the 100.8 MW Project (up to a distance of 500 m from the WTG)

WT WTG Co-ordinates WTG WTG Footprint Area Nearest house/ structure Nearest Village Nearest Waterbody Nearest Approach/ Access Road Land use around WTG S G (in UTM) Site Cultural/ Condition Location N ID Elevatio Religious Site Distanc . n (m) Is e from Topograp Distanc Distanc Use of Distanc Distanc there the hy Conditio e from Landuse e (km) Structure e (km) e (km) Are Are moto nearest (undulatin Identificati n of the Easting Northing (Based on and (residentia and Identificati and there there r Paved Nort Eas Wes Sout g land/flat on (Name/ Name Road nearest (m) (m) Land Directio l/ Directio on ID Directio religiou religiou able Road h t t h land/on ID in Map) and Approac Records* ) n agricultur n from n from s sites? s sites? acces (km) plateau or Type h Point e/ storage) WTG WTG s to hill ridge) (km) site? Village Approx Private Approx. Approx Road- Approx. BLG 735742.0 1626712. . 0.874 1 495 m Flat Agricultur Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Thagguparty 2.1 km No Yes Church . 2.4 km Yes Kuccha 0.090 -123 0 m E 00 m N km km al land the proposed WTG N N Type km S Private Agricultural N land Village Approx Private Approx. Approx Approx. BLG 736052.0 1626397. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- . 0.91 2 495 m Flat Agricultur Thagguparty 2.4 km No Yes Church . 2.6 km Yes 0.090 -124 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha km km Private Agricultural al land N N km S Type N land Village Approx Private Approx. Approx Road- Approx. BLG 736336.0 1625936. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of . 0.99 3 493 m Flat Agricultur Thagguparty 2.8 km No Yes Church . 3.1km Yes Kuccha 0.12 km -125 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG km km al land N N Type S Private Agricultural N land Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Village Private the proposed WTG Approx. 2 Approx Road- Approx. Approx BLG 731816.0 1628201. 4 485 m Flat Agricultur Belaguppa 1.62 km No NA temple . 1.65 Yes Kuccha 0.14 km . 0.14 -077 0 m E 00 m N al land W s km W Type N km N Private Agricultural land Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Village Private the proposed WTG Approx. 2 Approx Road- Approx. Approx BLG 731900.0 1627827. 5 483m Flat Agricultur Belaguppa 1.77 km No NA temple . 1.82 Yes Kuccha 0.54 km . 0.54 -078 0 m E 00 m N al land W s km W Type N km N Private Agricultural land Village Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Approx Private Approx. 2 Road- Approx. Approx BLG 731375.0 1629040. the proposed WTG, except for proposed . 1.65 6 486 m Flat Agricultur Belaguppa 1.65 km No NA temple Yes Kuccha 0.75 km . 0.75 -075 0 m E 00 m N pooling substation, which is located within km al land SSW s Type S km S Private Agricultural 500 m, southwards. SSW land Village Private Approx. 2 Approx Road- Approx. Approx BLG 727976.0 1627668. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 7 491 m Flat Agricultur Belaguppa 1.72 km No NA temple . 1.76 Yes Kuccha 0.13 km . 0.13 -025 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG al land E s km E Type N km N Private Agricultural land Village Private Approx. 2 Approx Road- Approx. Approx BLG 726612.0 1627617. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 8 491 m Flat Agricultur Belaguppa 3.0 km No NA temple . 3.2 km Yes Kuccha 0.15 km . 0.15 -017 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG al land E s E Type S km S Private Agricultural land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx BLG 726736.0 1627032. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Belaguppa Road- 9 490 m Flat Agricultur 1.8 km No NA No NA Yes 0.45 km . 0.45 -018 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Tanda Kuccha Private Agricultural al land E S km S Type land

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 16

WT WTG Co-ordinates WTG WTG Footprint Area Nearest house/ structure Nearest Village Nearest Waterbody Nearest Approach/ Access Road Land use around WTG S G (in UTM) Site Cultural/ Condition Location N ID Elevatio Religious Site Distanc . n (m) Is e from Topograp Distanc Distanc Use of Distanc Distanc there the hy Conditio e from Landuse e (km) Structure e (km) e (km) Are Are moto nearest (undulatin Identificati n of the Easting Northing (Based on and (residentia and Identificati and there there r Paved Nort Eas Wes Sout g land/flat on (Name/ Name Road nearest (m) (m) Land Directio l/ Directio on ID Directio religiou religiou able Road h t t h land/on ID in Map) and Approac Records* ) n agricultur n from n from s sites? s sites? acces (km) plateau or Type h Point e/ storage) WTG WTG s to hill ridge) (km) site? Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 724235.0 1626859. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Narinjagundlapa Road- 489 m Flat Agricultur 2.9 km No NA No NA Yes 0.20 km . 0.20 0 -007 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG lle Kuccha Private Agricultural al land W S km S Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 726124.0 1627974. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- 481 m Flat Agricultur Nakkalapalli 0.90 km No NA No NA Yes 0.065 . 0.065 1 -016 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha Private Agricultural al land N km W km W Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 725966.0 1628436. Primarily Pucca structures observed to be Road- 481 m Flat Agricultur Nakkalapalli 0.43 km No NA No NA Yes 0.132 . 0.132 2 -015 0 m E 00 m N within 500 m radius Kuccha Private Agricultural al land N km W km W Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 727472.0 1629035. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- 491 m Flat Agricultur Nakkalapalli 1.02 km No NA No NA Yes 0.21 km . 0.21 3 -028 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha Private Agricultural al land W S km S Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 731541.0 1624148. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- 498 m Flat Agricultur Avulena 0.59 km No NA No NA Yes 0.30 km . 0.30 4 -085 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha Private Agricultural al land W S km S Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 732151.0 1624801. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- 494 m Flat Agricultur Avulena 1.34 km No NA No NA Yes 0.25 km . 0.25 5 -084 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha Private Agricultural al land W W km W Type land Village Private Approx Approx. Approx 1 BLG 731369.0 1625525. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Approx. Yes, Road- 496 m Flat Agricultur Avulena No NA / 1.9 Yes 0.21 km . 0.21 6 -082 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG 1.83 km temple Kuccha Private Agricultural al land km S W km W Type land Approx Village Private Primarily Pucca structures observed to be Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 737381.0 1629014. Yes, . 0.26 Road- 491 m Flat Agricultur within 500 m radius (overlapping with BLG- Tagguparthy 0.28 km No NA Yes 0.23 km . 0.23 7 -157 0 m E 00 m N church km Kuccha Private Agricultural al land 158) SSW W km W SSW Type land Approx Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 1 BLG 737446.0 1629375. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Yes, . 0.26 Road- 490 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy 0.28 km No NA Yes 0.23 km . 0.23 8 -156 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG church km Kuccha Private Agricultural al land SSW W km W SSW Type land Approx Village Private Approx. Approx 1 BLG 737491.0 1630225. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Yes, . 1.46 Road- Approx. 490 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy 1.45 km No NA Yes . 1.45 9 -154 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG church km Kuccha 0.2 km E Private Agricultural al land SSW km S SSW Type land Village Private Approx. Approx. Approx 2 BLG 727359.0 1628568. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Road- 488 m Flat Agricultur Nakkalapalli 1.0 km No NA No NA Yes 0.28 km . 0.28 0 -027 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Kuccha Private Agricultural al land NNW N km N Type land

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 17

Residenti

Private al Approx. Village Approx. Approx 2 BLG 723227.0 1629369. 490 m Flat Agricultur structure Sreerangapuram 1.1 km No NA No NA Yes Road- 0.07 km . 0.40 Private Agricultural 7 -013 0 m E 00 m N al land and used N Kuccha N km W land

for Type

storage of

BLG-013-H2 0.40 km agricultur NA NNW al produce.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 18

Village Private Road- Approx. Approx 2 BLG 728225.0 1627147. Primarily Pucca structures observed to be 0.31 km 491 m Flat Agricultur Beluguppa No NA No NA Yes Kuccha 0.80 km . 0.24 9 -024 0 m E 00 m N within 500 m radius SSE al land Type W km S Private Agricultural land

Residenti 0.44 km al SSW structure BLG-076-H1 and used Village Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 726967.0 1629378. 0.49 km for 0.44 km Road- Private Agricultural 492 m Flat Agricultur BLG-076 H2 NA Nakalapalli No NA No NA Yes 0.43 km . 0.43 0 -076 0 m E 00 m N SSW storage of SSW Kuccha land al land S km S agricultur Type BLG-076-H3 0.46 km al SSW produce.

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 731311.0 1627167. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.3 km Village 488 m Flat Agricultur Beluguppa No NA No NA Yes 0.11km . 1.12 1 -079 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG NNW Road- Private Agricultural al land NNW km N Kuccha land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 730875.0 1626724. 2 Warehouses observed to be within 500 m 1.03 km Village 488 m Flat Agricultur Beluguppa No NA No NA Yes 0.26 km . 0.26 2 -080 0 m E 00 m N radius NNW Road- Private Agricultural al land S km S Pucca land Type

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 19

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 731317.0 1626022. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.86 km Village 488 m Flat Agricultur Beluguppa No NA No NA Yes 0.98 km . 0.98 3 -081 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG NNW Road- Private Agricultural al land W km W Pucca land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 731263.0 1624968. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.76 km Village Private Agricultural 488 m Flat Agricultur Beluguppa No NA No NA Yes 0.47 km . 0.47 4 -083 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG NNE Road- land al land E km E Kuccha Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 734097.0 1625966. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 0.95 km Village 489 m Flat Agricultur Yerragudi No NA No NA Yes 0.36 km . 036 5 -086 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG W Road- Private Agricultural al land W km W Kuccha land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 733847.0 1626377. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 0.74 km Village 491 m Flat Agricultur Yerragudi No NA No NA Yes 0.54 km . 0.54 6 -087 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG W Road- Private Agricultural al land S km S Kuccha land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 733666.0 1627040. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Yerragudi 0.87 km Village 490 m Flat Agricultur No NA No NA Yes 0.064 . 1.1 km 7 -088 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG SSW Road- Private Agricultural al land km S S Kuccha land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 733379.0 1627474. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.27 km Village 490 m Flat Agricultur No NA No NA Yes 1.07 km . 1.07 8 -089 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG Yerragudi SSW Road- Private Agricultural al land N km N Pucca land Type

Private Approx. Approx 3 BLG 733382.0 1627933. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of Yerragudi 1.55 km Village 489 m Flat Agricultur No NA No NA Yes 0.64 km . 0.64 9 -090 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG SSW Road- Private Agricultural al land N km N Pucca land Type

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 20

Private Approx. Approx 4 BLG 737582.0 1631468. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 2.3 km 486 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes 2.3 km . 2.7 km Private Agricultural 0 -152 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG SSW No al land SSW S land access

Private Approx. Approx 4 BLG 737555.0 1630743. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.8 km 486m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 1.8 km . 1.97 1 -153 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG SSW Private Agricultural al land SSW km S access land

Private Approx. Approx 4 BLG 737569.0 1629824. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 1.15 km 486m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 0.57 km . 1.08 2 -155 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG SSW Private Agricultural al land S km S access land

Private 4 BLG 737223.0 1628529. Village of Tagguparthy falling within 500 m of 0.205 Approx. Approx 487 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 3 -158 0 m E 00 m N WTG km N 0.27 km . 0.27 Private Agricultural al land access N km N land

Private 4 BLG 737084.0 1628064. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 0.63 km Approx. Approx 488 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 4 -159 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG N 0.07 km . 0.76 Private Agricultural al land access N km N land

Private 4 BLG 737217.0 1627595. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 0.63 km Approx. Approx 488 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 5 -160 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG N 0.07 km . 0.76 Private Agricultural al land access N km N land

Private 4 BLG 737660.0 1626908. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 2.0 km Approx. Approx 489 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 6 -161 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG N 1.7 km . 1.7 km Private Agricultural al land access N N land

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 21

Private 4 BLG 737660.0 1626908. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 2.3 km Approx. Approx 489 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes 7 -162 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG N No 2.3 km . 2.3 km Private Agricultural al land access N N land

Private 4 BLG 737660.0 1626908. Structures were not observed in the vicinity of 2.7 km Approx. Approx 489 m Flat Agricultur Tagguparthy No NA No NA Yes No 8 -163 0 m E 00 m N the proposed WTG N 2.7 km . 2.7 km Private Agricultural al land access N N land

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 22

2.2 LAND REQUIREMENTS

Land for a typical wind power project is required for the following components:

x Wind Turbine Generators; x Internal and approach Roads; x Right of way (RoW) for internal transmission line extending upto PSS; x Pooling sub-station; x Batching plant; and x Stockyard.

The details of land requirement for the various components and the present status of the land procurement and the process followed for the same is captured below.

2.3 LAND DETAILS

The total land requirement for each of the project component, type of land, village from which land is procured, and the status of the land procurement is captured in Table 2.2.

The developer i.e. Suzlon, is directly responsible for negotiating and purchasing the identified land parcels from the local farmers. x Suzlon has a land team working in Anantpur area and comprises of 6 – 7 members. x There are two Suzlon personnel handling land matters for this project, one from the land team and the other from the legal. x Suzlon has two land facilitators, M/s Top View and M/s Sairam Land Developers for the project. x The land purchase process for the project started around November 2015 and purchase of all the locations have been completed by the end of June 2016. x Suzlon is purchasing the land for the project and then transferring it to OUWPPL. At the time of ERM site visit, purchase for 34 locations was completed of the 48 locations and among them 6 locations were transferred in the name of OUWPPL.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Table 2.2 Summary of the land required for the Project

S Project Land Area (in Type of Village Status of procurement N. Component acre) Land 1. Wind Turbine Approx. 3.5-5 Private 8 villages in Purchase of land for 34 Generators (48 acres per Agricultural Beluguppa locations was completed at Nos) WTG mandals the time of site visit and the including the remaining has been land for completed by end of June approach 2016. roads per WTG 2. Pooling Sub 28 acres Private Beluguppa Land has been purchased Station (1) Agricultural from 6 landsellers and sale deed has been executed in the name of Suzlon 3. Transmission Information Private Transmission lines to be Line (31km) not available Agricultural erected parallel to the access roads and therefore no additional land for transmission lines were foreseen. 4. Labour Camps NA Suzlon did not have labor camps for the project as most of the labourers were sourced locally. 5. Operational & 20 acres Private land Gangavaram The land is on lease from 2- Maintenance village 3 land owners facility area 6. Batching Plants 10 acres Mylarampalle The project utilises the village batching plant set up by M/s Top View. Source: ERM Site Visit May 2016, Beluguppa; NA: Not Applicable

2.3.1 Project related land procurement and specific issues

On the basis of the information available presently, some of the observations especially with respect to the project related land procurement are mentioned below.

Schedule V Area1

The project area does not fall under Schedule V area as defined in the Indian constitution.

1.In the Constitution of India, the expression “Scheduled Areas” means such areas as the President may by order declare to be Scheduled Areas. The criteria followed for declaring an area as Scheduled Area are preponderance of tribal population; compactness and reasonable size of the area; under-developed nature of the area; and marked disparity in economic standard of the people. These criteria are not spelt out in the Constitution of India but have become well established. (Source: Official website of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), Government of India (GoI). url: http://tribal.nic.in/Content/DefinitionofScheduledAreasProfiles.aspx. Accessed on 15.07.2015).

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Forest land

The WTG locations are being developed only on private agricultural or unirrigated single crop lands. Therefore, there is no risk to forest ecology, and no issues related to individual claims or community claims over the forest land.

Tribal (Scheduled Tribe) land1

The land mostly belongs to caste Hindus such as Reddy, Kamma, and Balijas,. The land sellers are medium and semi-medium farmers2.

The study area does not fall under the Schedule V area. As observed in Table 5.25, there were few ST families in the study area and during the consultations it was observed that the ST households in the area have patta lands and have built houses on their land. No land has been purchased from the ST population in the area and therefore their livelihoods have not been directly affected by land purchase for the project.

Landlessness

As reported by Suzlon land team, none of the land sellers will be rendered landless or economically vulnerable after the sale. The land sellers with whom ERM undertook consultations confirmed the same. x Most of the land owners in the area are medium and semi-medium farmers with more than 2 hectares of land. As reported during consultations with land sellers and Suzlon land team, most farmers still are left with many acres of land after the land sale. x As reported by Suzlon team, land was only being purchased from farmers having more than 5 acres of land and they also do not purchase land from the marginal communities such as SC/STs in the area. x Moreover, it was understood from the interactions with the land facilitator that the large farmers (having greater than 5 acres of land) were approaching the aggregators for selling their land. Since the area is

1.Article 366 (25) of the Indian Constitution defines scheduled tribes as "such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this constitution”. The criterion followed for specification of a community, as scheduled tribes are indications of primitive traits, distinctive culture, geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the community at large, and backwardness. This criterion is not spelt out in the Constitution but has become well established. (Source: Official website of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), Government of India (GoI). url: http://tribal.nic.in/Content/DefinitionpRrofiles.aspx. 2 Agriculture Census 2010-11: Schedules and Instructions for Land Record

Sl.No Size Class (Ha.) Farmer Category 1 Below 0.50 ha. 01 Marginal Farmers 2 0.50 ha. – 0.99 ha. 02 3 1.00 ha. – 1.99 ha. 03 Small Farmers 4 2.00 ha. – 2.99 ha. 04 Semi Medium 5 3.00 ha. – 3.99 ha. 05 6 4.00 ha. – 4.99 ha. 06 Medium 7 5.00 ha. – 7.49 ha. 07 8 7.50 ha. – 9.99 ha. 08 9 10.00 ha. – 19.99 ha. 09 Large Farmers

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

drought prone and productivity is low, farmers were eager to sell their land for a lump sum amount.

It was also understood during consultations that most of the land owners are considering the sale because the agricultural situation in the area is grim being a rain shadow region and this has been detailed in the subsequent social baseline section. Therefore, farmers find it more prudent to sell the land at market price than holding them for cultivation. They are utilising the land sale money to meet social obligations (daughter’s marriage etc.), for business investment or children’s education.

Encroachment

No encroachments were observed in the purchased land parcels as the lands belong to individual farmers with the necessary title deeds.

Common Property Resources (CPR)

No Common Property Resources were reported or observed to have been involved or impacted by the project.

NOC from Panchayat

The project proponents have obtained NoCs from the concerned gram panchayats and the copies of the same in the local language were shared with ERM. It was also assessed during the field visit that the Suzlon representatives have cordial relations with the local panchayat.

Wind power policy of the state of Andhra Pradesh

The Energy, Infrastructure and Investment Department of Andhra Pradesh government has come out with a new Wind Power Policy this February (2016) following the expiry of its previous policy in 2013. x The policy exempts wind power projects from obtaining any NOC/Consent for establishment under pollution control laws from AP Pollution Control Board. x As per the Policy, deemed non-agricultural status will be accorded for the land where the wind power project is coming up, on payment of applicable statutory fee.

Cultural heritage

No Cultural heritage sites were reported or identified to have been involved or impacted by the project.

Status of land Transfer/ Mutation

3.05 acres of land per WTG has been transferred in the name of OUWPPL. Prior to this the necessary mutation in the land records in the Revenue

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Department and the process for Change in Land Use (CLU) has been completed by Suzlon. These documents were not available for review.

Non-agricultural status

The non-agricultural status for the land purchased has also been obtained by Suzlon prior to the execution of sale deed by paying the required amount to the Kalyandurga Revenue department.

2.3.2 Land details and existing procurement status for specific components

The land requirement for the various components and the existing procurement status is captured below.

WTGs

All the WTGs for the project are located on private agricultural land. The overall land requirement for establishment of 1 WTG is approximately ~3.05 acres. x The land requirement totals to approximately 5 acres per WTG including the safety zone area and approach roads. x At the time of ERM site visit, Suzlon had completed the land purchase process for 34 locations of the 48 WTG locations. x The sale deeds have been executed initially in the name of Suzlon and transfer of sale deed in the name of OUWPPL has been completed for 6 locations at the time of ERM site visit. x Copies of sale deed executed in the name of Suzlon were made available for review.

Access Roads

The total land requirement for the access road has not been confirmed by Suzlon/OUWPPL. Each approach road shall be approximately 3 m wide as reported. x It was reported that in most cases, the existing roads will be upgraded and used for the project. x The internal road length is estimated to be about 32.3 km and the land purchase process for the approach roads have been completed along with the land purchase for the WTGs. x Sale deeds for the internal road land area have also been completed for 34 locations out of the 48 in the name of Suzlon and the same was made available for review.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Pooling sub station

The 2X100MVA, 33/220KV pooling sub-station for the project is located at Beluguppa on 28 acres of land. The land was previously agricultural land and has been purchased from 6 farmers through willing buyer-willing seller negotiations. The construction work at the sub-station was about to be completed at the time of ERM site visit.

Transmission Line

The route for internal transmission lines have been finalised by the client and process of obtaining easement rights for the transmission lines need to be initiated. x The total length of the internal transmission line has been estimated to be approximately 25 km. However, the number of poles and the number of easement deeds to be registered has still not been finalised. x Suzlon reported that most of the internal transmission line will be laid parallel to the internal roads and therefore they do not foresee much requirements for easement rights as the roads for internal roads have already been purchased. x The aerial distance between proposed Pooling sub-station of OUWPPL and the existing power evacuation gird of AP Transco is 22.2 km. This is proposed to be connected through the 220 KV external transmission line. Approximately 85 towers are proposed to be established in the 24.5 km. proposed transmission line. Land area for establishment of one tower is 10 x 10 sq.mt.

Batching Plant

The project has a single batching plant set up by M/s Top View at Mylarampalle village. The land where the batching plant has been set up is owned by Top View and is a 10 acre plot. Top View also has about three rooms for their batching plant workers within the premises.

2.3.3 Land Purchase Process

Identification/Procurement of land

During the site visit it was reported that the land for the WTG is being purchased through willing buyer-willing seller negotiations. Suzlon works through local land aggregators for the negotiation and purchase of land. Suzlon does not have any land policy or policy for procurement of land.

The criteria for selecting land included:

x identification of land by wind resource department of Suzlon; x accessibility – availability of access roads; x affordability – pricing; and x clear title deed.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

The land was initially purchased in the name of Suzlon and following further mutation of ownership details in the revenue records and the CLU process, 3 acres of WTG land parcels have been transferred in the name of OUWPPL.

Figure 2.2 Land Purchase process for the project

Source: Suzlon

LPI-Land Purchase Intimation FMB-Field Measurement Book WTG-Wind Turbine Generator LAF-Land Acceptance Form WR-Wind Resource CAD- Computer aided, design or drawing

Market Rate

The prevailing guidance value was reported to be INR. 90,000 to 1,20,000 per acre for unirrigated land and Rs. 1,20, 000 to 1,40,000 per acre for irrigated land by the local Mandal official.. But as observed from the sale deeds, Suzlon was offering a higher rate of land purchase to the farmers and was reported to be approximately INR 5 lakhs/acre.

2.3.4 Stakeholder engagement and GRM

Suzlon or OUWPPL does not have any formal stakeholder engagement plan or grievance redressal mechanisms. There are no minutes recorded even for the land purchase negotiations. However, Orange Power has a Coporate CSR Policy and their CSR team will undertake a need assessment survey in the local villages prior to rolling out their CSR activities in the local villages post commissioning of the project.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

2.3.5 Labour

At peak construction, Suzlon and its contractors are expected to have more than 300 labourers. Most of the civil workers are locally sourced and there will be no labour camps set up for the project. Moreover, few migrant laborers were working at the sub-station site for M/s KSA, their electrical subcontractor and under M/s Top View, their batching plant sub-contractor. However, since the construction work at the sub-station was nearing completion, most of the migrant workers of KSA had left the site and there were only about 10 migrant labourers from Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. Their camps were temporary structures made from tin sheets that will be demolished once they leave the site.

2.4 PROJECT COMPONENTS

2.4.1 Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs)

2.4.2 Wind Farm

As mentioned in Chapter 1, the Wind Farm project will comprise of 48 WTGs of the Suzlon S111 model, each with individual capacities of 2.1MW, hence totalling to approximately 100.8 MW. The technical specifications have been elaborated upon in Table 2.3

Table 2.3 Technical Specifications of Suzlon S111 turbine

Parameters Values Wind Class IEC IIIA Rated Power 2,100 kW Operating Data Cut-in Wind Speed 3 m/s Rated Wind Speed 10 m/s Cut-out Wind Speed 21 m/s Rotor Diameter 111.8 m Rotor Swept area 9,817 m2 Frequency 50/ 60 Hz Generator Type Asynchronous 3 phase induction generator with slip rings operated with rotor circuit inverter system ( DFIG)

Tower Hub Heights 90 m Type Tubular Steel Tower / Hybrid Lattice - Tubular Tower* Blade Suzlon Make SB54 x Asynchronous Induction Generator with 6 poledesign and DFIG enable variable speed operation and accommodate fluctuating utility demands through optimal reactive power to feed the necessary consumption patterns. It makes the S111 turbines grid friendly and fully compliant with stringent grid related requirements, such as Indian Electricity Grid Code 2014.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Parameters Values Wind Class IEC IIIA x Six yaw drives enable enhanced control, balancing and load sharing, making the S111 turbine more stable and responsive. Key Design features x The SB54 blades, designed and manufactured by Suzlon are tested for the total lifecycle (one million cycle). x Safe & efficient nacelle design features improved ventilation for better air cooling within the nacelle and an onboard crane for ease of maintenance. Source: 2.1 MW Platform Brochure (S97/ S111)

Associated ancillary facilities and utilities such as the following will be required as part of larger wind farm site planning:

x Transmission line for power evacuation connecting to 33kVA substation; x Transmission line for connecting the 220 KV, D/C EHV line from wind farm substation to the existing government sub station in Mopidi; x Metering point for measuring production from each WTGs; x Pathways and access roads – both inter-site and intra-site; x Material storage yards and stores; x Scrap yards; x Parking bays; x Transit storage areas; and x Central Monitoring Station (CMS) building and facilities.

2.4.3 Pooling Sub Station and Power Evacuation Arrangements

The pooling substation is situated approximately 1.3 km east of the village of Beluguppa. At the time of the site visit, in May 2016, construction of the pooling sub station was still under progress with electrical components being installed for eventual commissioning of the Project. It was understood that the power generated from each of the 48 WTGs will be stepped up to 33 KV via transformers that are installed within each of the 48 WTGs. The power will be transmitted through OFC cables from each WTG to DP yard and then connected to 33 KV DCOH internal transmission line (totalling to approximately 25 km) that are of Rolled Steel Joist (RSJ) type, from where it will be transmitted to the pooling substation located in the village of Beluguppa. It was understood that the construction for the internal transmission line was in progress. Approximately 10x10 m area of land has been utilised for the installation of the poles for the transmission line. The 48 WTGs are connected via a system of 4 feeders (viz. Feeder #.5, Feeder #4, Feeder #6 and Feeder #2) , each utilising the S/C AL59 Dog Line.

With regard to the external transmission line, evacuation from the Pooling Sub Station will be via network of 220 KV DCOH zebra conductor line of approx. 22 .2 km and was in the final stages of construction.The external transmission line passes evacuates its power to the 400/ 220 kV Government Sub Station in the village of Mopidi (Figure 2.4).

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Figure 2.3 33/ 220 kV Substation located near the village of Beluguppa

Source: ERM site visit, May 2016.

Figure 2.4 Evacuation of power from the 220 KV DCOH line from the pooling Sub Station, eventually termination at the Government Substation, in the village of Mopidi.

Source: ERM site visit, May 2016.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P. PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

2.4.4 Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)/ Condition Monitoring System (CMS)

Based on the discussion with the OUWPPL personnel, it was understood that the Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)/ Condition Monitoring System (CMS) would be set up within the pooling sub station building, near the village of Beluguppa and would be responsible for day to day monitoring and real time reporting of the 48 WTGs that form the scope of the Project.

2.4.5 Storage Yard

Based on discussions with the Suzlon and OUWPPL, it was understood that WTG components as well as heavy lifting vehicles and earth moving locations were stored at the storage yard (of area of 20 acres) in the village of Gangavaram that was managed by Suzlon (Figure 2.5). The site office was also situated within the storage yard premesis.

Figure 2.5 Storage yard in the village of Gangavaram used for storage of WTG components. The site office is also located, here.

Source: ERM site visit, May 2016.

2.4.6 Batching Plant

The project has a single batching plant set up by M/s Top View at Mylarampalle village. The 10 acre plot has been utilised for storage of raw material for construction purposes as well as construction equipment (viz. Excavator /Breakers, JCB’s, supporting cranes etc.) It was also understood that a mobile batching plant was being utilised for the Project.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 33

Figure 2.6 Equipment set up in the batching plant for the Project (Location: Mylarampalle village)

Source: ERM site visit, May 2016.

2.4.7 Access Road and Site Access

The road connectivity to the Project area is via State Highway 82, which is located towards the south of the Project area and is a primary means of access and material movement. Site access is also available via the Zilla Parishad/ village (bituminous and ‘Kuccha’) roads that are means of access to villages within the Project area. Access to some of the locations involved travelling over unpaved roads. The road nertwork has been utilised for the transportation of WTG components by a majority of the wind power companies that are operating in the area. The types of roads that are situated in the Project area of influence are presented in Figure 2.7.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 34

Figure 2.7 Type of Roadways present within the Project Area (a) Kuccha Roads Beluguppa Village (b) Internal Access Roads- Avulenna village (c) State Highway -82 and (d) Heavy vehicles plying on State Highway -82

Source: ERM Site Visit, June 2016

2.5 PROJECT ACTIVITIES

The Project activities can be divided into four phases as follows: (a) Planning; (b) Construction; (c) Operations & Maintenance; and (d) Decommissioning.

2.5.1 Planning Phase

The pre-construction phase has four components:

x Identification of land area and site; x Site surveys as topographic, geo-technical investigations, micro-siting studies, electrical grid studies etc.; x All necessary approvals/clearances; and x Design and finalization of contractors;

2.5.2 Construction

Construction stage activities in a wind farm site would include the following:

x Site preparation, including subcontractor mobilisation, erection of fencing or suitable barriers, construction of site compound and lay down areas; x Upgrading and construction of internal roads; x Site clearance;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 35

x Establishment of borrow pits; x Laying of turbine foundations, turbine delivery and installation; x Completion of pooling substations; x Completion of internal electrical connections and external transmission line; x Turbine testing to verify proper operation of the facility; and x Commissioning.

2.5.3 Operations & Maintenance

The list of activities to be carried out in the operation and maintenance phase would be:

x Half yearly and Annual maintenance scheduled activities at each WTG location; x Routine inspection of all WTGs; x Operation and maintenance of ancillary facilities such as yards, stores, CMS building facilities; x Inspection and maintenance of transmission lines; and x Inspection and maintenance of intra-site pathways/access roads.

The wind turbines will operate at all times provided wind speeds are suitable with the exception of downtime required for maintenance activities. For the most part, day to day facility operations will be automated through the use of computerised networking systems. A team of technical wind farm maintenance specialists would be employed by the project during the operations phase. The team will also comprise of administrative staff, security for general maintenance of the wind farm site.

2.5.4 Decommissioning

The decommissioning activities include: x Replace operating WTG turbine with new one of higher capacity or superior technology; x Abandon the project operations and remove WTG parts and ancillary facilities; x Remove transmission lines; and x Return intra-site access roads.

If decommissioned all components, excluding turbine foundations and internal roads of the Project would be removed and the site be rehabilitated. The concrete pedestals of the turbine foundations would be cut down and concrete removed to below finished ground level and covered with topsoil. Infrastructure (such as roads, transmission lines etc.) is likely to be handed over to the government for their use. Some roads will be removed, covered with soil and replanted to allow for a return to previous land-use (forest, one- time cultivation and grazing).

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 36

2.6 RESOURCE REQUIREMNTS FOR THE PROJECT

2.6.1 Water Requirement

Construction Phase

As per discussions with Suzlon personnel, approximately 3360 m3 of water will be required for civil works during the construction of the foundation for all WTGs estimating 70 m3 of water to be utilised for each WTG. Approximately 12 m3 of water would be utilised during the construction of the DP Yard. Potable water (reverse osmosis treated) for the workers for drinking and sanitation purposes, assuming 10 workers at one WTG site and construction of 5 WTGs at a given point of time, is envisaged to be approximately 6 m3 per day.

Operation Phase

Approximately 2-3 m3 per day of water is envisaged to be required during the operational activities considering that 15 employees are present at any given time. Water will be sourced via tankers from nearby villages, particularly, Beluguppa, Srirangapuram, and Thagguparthi.

2.6.2 Raw Materials and Equipment

Construction Phase

For the construction of the foundation of each WTG, raw materials like steel, sand, stone and cement will be required. The estimated quantities for the raw materials are provided in Table 2.4. lists the quantity of raw material to be utilised during the construction phase. The type of equipment as seen during the site visit has been presented in Table 2.5.

Table 2.4 List and quantity of raw material to be utilised for the WTG foundation activities during the construction phase (tonnes per WTG)

List of Quantity (tonnes) Quantity Source of Mode of Construction per WTG (tonnes) to be Material transportation and materials utilsied for DP storage site Yard Private venders Truck/Cement Cement (in MT) 189 3.25 shed at Batching Plant Grouting cement Private venders Truck/Storage yard 3 0 (in MT) Sand (in MT) 409 7 Private venders Truck/Storage yard 20 mm Aggregate Private venders Truck/Storage yard 307 (in MT) 8 10 mm Aggregate Private venders Truck/Storage yard 307 (in MT) 0 Steel (in MT) 27 0.6 Private venders Truck/Storage yard Admixture (in ltr) 1250 0 Private venders Truck/Storage yard Source: OUWPPL

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 37

Table 2.5 Equipment type and quantity to be utilised during the construction phase

Construction equipment Approximate Equipment Number Equipment for Electrical Work DG set (15 kVA) 1 Welding M/C 1 Cutter, Drill M/c 1 Vehicle (Tractor/Utility) 1 Hydra 1 Boring/piling M/C 1 JCB 1 Equipment for civil work Batching Plant 1 Transit Mixers -TM 6 Cube test Machine 1 Concrete pumps 1 Cube Moulds 200 Grouting cube moulds 15 Trailer 1 Water tank 1 shutter set 2 Excavator /Breaker 1 Hydra 1 JCB 2 DG set (15 kVA) 4 Welding M/C 1 Equipment for mechanical work 650 T Main crane 1 180 T supporting crane 1 80T supporting crane 1 70T supporting crane 1 Hydra 1 JCB/Excavator 1 Source: OUWPPL

2.6.3 Fuel requirement and Storage

Construction Phase

The onsite fuel requirement during construction will be about approximately 80-90 liters /day, which shall be transported by tanker trucks. The fuel will be stored in a diesel bunker which is located at the storage yard in Gangavaram.

Operation Phase

For each WTG, about 20 litres per annum of oil would be required for the gearbox and the generator maintenance activities. After the installation of each WTG, the first service of the WTG will be carried out twice every 3 months and is called Class A service and the second services will be undertaken again after 3 months and is termed as Class B service. Subsequently, half yearly maintenance is carried out and the waste oil is sent to oil recycler. The waste oil generated is very negligible.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 38

2.6.4 Power Requirement

Construction Phase

Power will be supplemented using DG Sets during the installation of the WTGs as well as for the storage area. Permanent power has been established at both the batching and site office. Each location has 1 DG set. There are 5 mobile DG sets that operate the concrete pumps during excavation. Each DG set is of the capacity of 15 kVA.

Operations Phase

No power back up source is envisaged during the operation stage. WTG maintenance will be done with the aid of battery packs that are charged and available at each WTG.

2.6.5 Pollution Control-Embedded Measures

2.6.6 Air Emissions

Construction Phase

Likely emissions into the ambient air from the project during the construction phase will include:

x Fugitive emissions from WTG site preparations works, such as excavation, clearing, filling etc. and use of construction machinery; x Fugitive dust emissions from unpaved roads owing to transportation of manpower and equipment; x Vehicular emission from increased traffic activity during the construction stages; x Emissions form DG sets; and x Dust emissions from batching plant

The control measures for these emissions are as follows:

x Fugitive dust emission from site preparation and the use of construction machinery will be mitigated through maintaining the vehicular speed to 10 – 15 km/hr; x Soil will be used for back filling. Vehicular emission will be controlled through proper maintenance of vehicles and vehicles with proper PUC will be operated at project site; x DG sets to be used will have adequate stack height as per CPCB norms; x Fugitive dust emission arising out of various activities in the batching plants will be mitigated through better material handling and provision of enclosure around the facility

Operations and Maintenance Phase

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 39

During the operations phase there will be no air emissions form the WG areas. However, there will be gaseous and fugitive dust emissions owing to plying of maintenance vehicles. It will be ensured that well maintained vehicles with proper PUC are used for maintenance purposes. DG sets deployed as back-up power, will emit a limited amount of gaseous pollutants into the ambient air.

2.6.7 Noise Emissions

Construction Phase

During the construction phase noise will be generated primarily during the day time. Noise will be generated from moving vehicles as well as construction equipment, including the DG sets utilized for power. Since there are no localities in the vicinity of the proposed Project area, the only receptors of noise pollution are the construction workers.

As a control measure it will be ensured that noise emission from the vehicles and equipment’s shall not exceed 91 dB(A) (for Passenger or commercial vehicles with gross vehicle weight above 12000 kg as specified in Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989). DG sets will be provided with acoustic enclosures and workers near noise generating machines will be provided with ear plugs as safeguard against high noise hazards.

Operations Phase

While in operation, wind turbines produce noise from mechanical and aerodynamic sources:

x Aerodynamic noise emanates from the movement of air around the turbine blades and tower. The types of aerodynamic noise may include low frequency, impulsive low frequency, tonal, and continuous broadband. In addition, the amount of noise may rise with increasing rotation speed of the turbine blades, therefore turbine designs which allow lower rotational speeds in higher winds will limit the amount of noise generated; x Mechanical noise may be generated by machinery in the nacelle of the wind turbines.

As mentioned earlier in this report, the Wind Farm project will comprise of 48 WTGs of the Suzlon S111 model, each with individual capacities of 2.1MW, hence totalling to approximately 100.8 MW. The technical specifications have been elaborated upon in Table 2.3.

2.6.8 Waste Management

Construction Phase

The solid waste generated by the project will consist of labour camp waste, garbage waste, metal scrap, and excess construction materials. The main types of waste that will be generated and sources are shown in Table 2.6.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 40

Table 2.6 Waste Generated, their sources and method of disposal

SN. Waste Type Source and location Method of Disposal 1 Domestic solid waste Labour activities on Waste will be segregated onsite and will site, canteen/rest area be disposed of at site as approved by local authority. 2 Construction Debris Construction of WTG, All excavated materials to be used for (excavated earth) Access road, backfilling and levelling and other substation, Storage debris shall be used for road yard etc. construction. 3 Packaging waste Packing material for Return back to the suppliers or used as containing wood, WTGs and storage boxes/racks at site. cardboard and other Accessories and recyclables storage yard 4 Sludge from Site Office, toilets Collected and disposed of through Wastewater Septic contractors Tanks 5 Used oil/ waste oil DG set, construction Collected and disposed of through machinery on site approved recyclers in accordance to Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended. 6 Oil contaminated Cleaning activities at Collected and disposed of through rags WTG sites and Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management substation and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended

Operations Phase

x During operation phase, the waste generated from project will include domestic solid waste at SCADA and substation and hazardous waste like waste oil, lubricants and oil contaminated rags will be generated during maintenance activities; x The hazardous wastes will be stored onsite at separate designated covered area provided with impervious flooring. The storage containers/ bins/ drum will be clearly marked and identified for their hazards; x The hazardous wastes will be disposed of in accordance to Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended, through APPCB/ CPCB approved vendors; x Non-recyclable material will be collected, segregated onsite and handed over to local Municipal Corporation for disposal; x Sewage will be disposed of through septic tanks and soak pits.

2.6.9 Wastewater Management

Construction Phase

x The liquid effluents generated during the construction phase will include domestic sewage from project site office; x As part of the site preparation stage, a drainage and sewerage system will be constructed for the site office. The sewerage system will consist of soak pits for the collection of waste water from the camp kitchen and washing areas. Sewage from the toilets will go into lined septic tanks. Sewage

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 41

disposal trucks will be used to periodically remove the sludge/sewage from the site.

Operations Phase

The operation phase will have negligible wastewater generation. Septic tank and soak pits will be provided at SCADA building and CMS monitoring station for disposal of sewage.

2.6.10 Fire Safety and Security

Construction

Appropriate firefighting system and equipment shall be provided throughout the construction period. The fire extinguishers will be placed at all strategic locations such as camp site, site office, storage yard, heavy construction machinery etc. Besides this, emergency contact numbers shall also be displayed onsite. Operations Phase

Structural fire protection

Wind Turbines are designed with fire-resistant material, with a majority of components to be made up of metal. Potentially flammable components would include rotor blades and the panelling of the machine house, which are made from glass-fibre reinforced plastic, electric cables and electrical components, Gear box, transformer and hydraulic oils, hoses and other plastic components.

Fire prevention

The service personnel will take all appropriate measures to prevent fires. Lightening and Fire protection system will be based on relevant standards. Overcurrent protection via the Suzlon Control System (SCS) and air circuit breaker, which is available as a standard in all WTGs that are manufactured by Suzlon. Local regulations shall take precedence where these are more restrictive than the above international standards.

Fire extinguishers

Fire extinguishers and sand buckets will be maintained at each WTG and will be of dry chemical type. These extinguishers are meant for immediate fighting of fire in early stages until the fire responders arrive.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 42

2.7 PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

2.7.1 Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd.

The main responsibility of the project activities comes under the purview of the Project Manager. Personnel assigned to responsibilities pertaining to (i) Health, Safety and Environment (ii) electrical concerns (iii) civil engineering concerns (iv) mechanical engineering concerns (v) store and supplies and (v) legal affairs. The organisation chart has been detailed in Figure 2.8.

Figure 2.8 Project Organisational structure: Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Pvt. Ltd

C Balakrishnan Project Manager Projects

Aakash Kumar Aman Sharma Pradip Shewale Venugopal Reddy Vijay Bhaskar Senior Engineer Deputy Manager Senior Engineer Executive Manager Civil Electrical Mechanical Stores HSE

KSVSS Murthy Deputy Manager Legal

Source: OUWPPL

2.7.2 Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd.

Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. is the overall developer of the Project and is also responsible for the installation of the electro-mechanical works of the wind turbines. At Suzlon, the organization is led by the Head- projects who in turn reports to the overall Project Head at the corporate level. The Project Coordinator at the site who works in close liaison with the Suzlon personnel at the site. The organisational structure of Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. has been presented in Figure 2.9.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 43

Figure 2.9 Organisational structure of Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd.

Source: Suzlon

2.8 CORPORATE POLICIES

Orange Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd.

Orange Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd. have an overarching Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy (dated 21/09/2015) which ensures that; x No harm is caused to people, property and environment; x Sustainable development is ensured to minimised any adverse impacts to the environment and communities surrounding the projects; x Legal requirements and best practices are complied with pertaining to HSE; and x Contractors associated with Orange projects are aligned with Orange’s policies.

The HSE policy of Orange is presented in Annex B.

2.8.1 Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd.

Suzlon Gujarat Wind Park Ltd. has listed all their corporate governance policies on their website and these include Code of Ethics, CSR Policy and Corporate Governance Policy. However, HSE policy was not available on the webite nor was the same shared by the client.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 44

3 ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This section highlights the environmental and social regulations applicable to the Project. At the outset, it should be emphasized that this administrative framework focuses on: x IFC Performance Standards (2012) 1 to 8; x The applicable IFC / World Bank Guidelines: o The General EHS Guidelines, o EHS Guidelines for Wind Energy, August 2015; o Guidelines for Power Transmission and Distribution, 2007 (for construction and operation of transmission lines in windfarm); and o EHS Guidelines for Toll Roads, 2007 (for road infrastructure of wind farm); and x Applicable local, national and international environmental and social legislation will also be considered as part of the study.

3.1 PERMITTING STATUS OF THE PROJECT

3.1.1 EIA Notification (2006) and its amendments

As per the EIA Notification (2006) and its amendments, the project does not require any environmental clearance from the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) or the State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA).

3.1.2 Central Pollution Control Board

As per latest notification from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), dated 07/03/2016 (Ref No: B-29012/ ESS (CPA)/2015-2016, “Solar power generation through solar photovoltaic cell, wind power and mini hydel power (less than 25 MW)” has been classified to “white category” from “green category” and therefore “there shall be no necessity in obtaining ‘Consent to Establish and Operate” for white category of industries and an intimation to the concerned SPCB and PCC office”.

3.1.3 Andhra Pradesh Wind Power Policy of 2015

As per the Andhra Pradesh Wind Power Policy of 2015, wind Power Projects have been categorized into three categories i.e. Category I, Category II and Category III and have been elaborated in the table below:

Table 3.1 Categorisation of wind power projects as per A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015

Category Parameter Category I Projects set up in government/revenue lands or forest areas or assigned lands and also in

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 45

Category Parameter private lands selling power within the state. Category II Projects set up for captive use or group captive use/3rd party sale within or outside the state. Category III Sale of power at average power purchase cost and availing Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)

As per the policy, the project falls under Category I. The guidelines of Category 1 projects have been elaborated in the Box, below.

Box 3.1 Category I guidelines, as per the A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015

x Power generated from the wind power projects installed entirely or partly on government/ revenue land or forest areas shall be for sale within the State only. x The Govt. of A.P. may consider proposals for allotment of revenue land if available – at the wind power potential areas on first come first serve basis- based on recommendation of NREDCAP, as per the provisions of New Land Allotment Policy announced by the Government vide G.O. Ms. No: 571, Dt: 14-09-2012 of Revenue (Assignment-I) Dept.; x To facilitate faster execution of projects, the district collector shall handover advance possession of land including pathways to NREDCAP and the land shall be allotted in the joint name of NREDCAP and the Developer. The concerned district collector after taking into account all the necessary undertakings of land proposal shall permit the developer to start the construction. NREDCAP shall withdraw its rights from the land once the project gets commissioned. x In case of forest areas, the developers shall submit the application through the Nodal Agency to the forest department, to consider for allotment as per the guidelines/regulations laid down by the forest department from time to time. x If the wind farm is set up in private land then the Eligible Developer shall procure the land from landholders on their own. Source: A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015

3.2 INSTITUTION FRAMEWORK- ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

A brief description of the relevant enforcement agencies with respect to the institutional framework is described in the following Table 3.2:

Table 3.2 Enforcement Agencies relevant to the Project

Agency Functions Relevance & Applicability to the project National x Research & Development Not a regulatory requirement. Institute of x Wind Resource Assessment Unit: Ideally, the report will be prepared Wind Energy ( x Standards and Certification Unit: by a 3rd party vendor (e.g. 3 Tier, formerly x R&D Testing unit AWS True power, etc.) on behalf of Centre for Suzlon, for OUWPPL. Wind Energy Technology (C- WET)) Ministry of The Ministry of New and Renewable Project has to be based on MNRE New and Energy (MNRE) is the nodal Ministry guidelines. Renewable of the Government of India for all Energy matters relating to renewable energy. (MNRE) The broad aim of the Ministry is to

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 46

Agency Functions Relevance & Applicability to the project develop and deploy new and renewable energy for supplementing the energy requirements of the country.

The Ministry facilitate research, design, development, manufacture and deployment of new and renewable energy systems/devices for transportation, portable and stationary applications in rural, urban, industrial and commercial sectors. Central The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) Project will be developed based on Electricity is a statutory organization constituted technical standards of CEA for Authority under Section 3 of the repealed electrical lines and connectivity to (CEA) Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, here in grid. after replaced by the Electricity Act, 2003. Some of the functions performed by CEA include the following : x Advise the Central Government on the matters relating to the national electricity policy, formulate short- term and perspective plans for development of the electricity system and coordinate activities of the planning agencies for the optimal utilization of resources to sub-serve the interests of the national economy and to provide reliable and affordable electricity to all consumers; x Specify the technical standards for construction of electrical plants, electric lines and connectivity to the grid; x Specify the safety requirements for construction, operation and maintenance of electrical plants and electric lines; x Advise any State Government, licensees or the generating companies on such matters which shall enable them to operate and maintain the electricity system under their ownership or control in an improved manner and where necessary, in coordination with any other Government, licensee or the generating company owning or having the control of another electricity system; etc. Indian The main objectives of IREDA is to Not mandatory, however required if Renewable promote, develop and extend financial loan is taken from IREDA Energy support to specific projects and Development schemes for generating electricity and / Agency Ltd. or energy through new and renewable (IREDA) sources and conserving energy through energy efficiency.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 47

Agency Functions Relevance & Applicability to the project New and The objectives of the NREDCAP are: Project should be developed based Renewable on the NREDCAP guidelines for Development x To survey, develop and implement renewable energy Corporation of renewable energy programmes of Andhra the State and Central Government; Pradesh Ltd. x To generate electricity through renewable sources like wind and solar on decentralised manner; x To conserve energy in rural areas; x To import and adopt viable technology and machinery in the areas of Non-Conventional energy sources and ensure post installation service.; x To impart training and to promote research and development in the field of Non-conventional energy sources; and x To provide technical consultancy services in implementation of power projects through renewable energy sources.-conventional energy sources. Andhra The main responsibility of The Project should be developed Pradesh APTRANSCO are: based on APTRANSCO’s Policy for Transmission x Operating the transmission promoting generation of electricity Corporation infrastructure within the state from wind. (APTRANSCO) x Commissioning , operation and maintenance of EHV substation x Energy received at EHV substation and energy delivered to electricity distribution companies. State Labour All issues pertaining to implementation Labours to be involved during the Department of labour laws in any establishment, construction phase and few in the shop or factory. operation should be provided with wages and other facilities with state as well as local labour laws and acts. National Green The tribunal will have jurisdiction over U/s 17, any person responsible for Tribunal all civil cases relating to any untoward incidents (defined in implementation of the following Schedule II of the Act) is liable to pay regulations: relief or compensation as determined x The Water Act, 1974; by the tribunal, failing which a x The Water Cess Act, 1977; penalty (u/s 26 and 27) is imposable x The Forest Conservation Act, 1980; which may lead to imprisonment up x The Air Act, 1981; to 3 years or fine up to INR 10 Crores x The Environment Protection Act, or both and an additional fine of INR 1986; 25,000 per day for any delay, which x The Public Liability Insurance Act, may further be increased to INR one 1991; and lac per day. x The Biological Diversity Act, 2002

The Act provides for compensation on account of following x Relief and compensation to the victims of pollution and other environmental damage arising

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 48

Agency Functions Relevance & Applicability to the project under enactment of the above acts; x Restitution of property damaged; and x Restitution of the environment. Gram The local Panchayats are empowered NOCs are required from the Panchayats with management of local resources Panchayats at the time of initiating a like forests, groundwater, common project in local area. Panchayats are land and infrastructure like roads, also empowered to levy and collect buildings, etc. local taxes on land, property and provisioning of facilities. District Private land purchase process by the Land purchase process for the Administration land aggregator will be regularized by various components of project such (Collector’s the state government under Andhra as WTG, substation, roads , batching Office) Pradesh Rules under Registration Act plant etc would be followed as per 1908 through District collector and State Land revenue code and land revenue department registration act of Andhra Pradesh.

3.3 APPLICABLE REGULATORY/ POLICY FRAMEWORK

Table 3.3 summarizes the key regulations that are relevant to the project across its lifecycle. This table should be used to update/develop a comprehensive legal register for the Project which can be regularly monitored for compliance as well as updated to reflect changes/non-applicability of regulations, policies and standards.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 49

Table 3.3 Applicable environmental and social legislative framework for wind power projects

Applicable Indian Legislation/Guidelines Agency Responsible Remark/ Status

Pre-construction Construction Operations Decommissioning Land Purchase A. P. Land Revenue Code ¥ ¥ X X District collector The applicability of these regulations is for purchase of private land. and revenue department Forest Conservation Act 1980 and as amended in 1988 ¥ ¥ X X MoEFCC The applicability of these regulations is for diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes. Environment Protection Environment Protection Act, 1986 and as amended ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ APPCB Permissible limits for ambient air quality, water quality, noise limits has been laid down by CPCB CPCB under EP Act, 1986, which requires to be complied with. MoEFCC

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, as amended X X X X APPCB As per A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015, the project is exempted from obtaining Consent to Establish (CTE) before start of construction activities and Consent to Operate (CTO) before commissioning of the project from APPCB.

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, as amended X X X X APPCB As per A.P. Wind Power Policy, 2015, , the project is exempted from obtaining Consent to Establish before start of construction activities and Consent to Operate before commissioning of the project from APPCB

The Noise (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended up to 2010 ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ APPCB As per the Act, ambient noise levels are to be maintained as stipulated in the rules for different categories of areas such as residential, commercial, industrial and silence zones. Considering the context of the project, OUWPPL and Suzlon will need to abide by the limits prescribed for residential zones. Handling of Hazardous Wastes Hazardous Wastes (Management Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2008 and X ¥ ¥ ¥ APPCB Generation of waste oil and transformer oil at site attracts the provisions of Hazardous and Other as amended Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended. The hazardous wastes have to dispose through approved recyclers only.

Labour and Working Conditions Andhra Pradesh Factories Rules 1950 X ¥ ¥ X Deputy Chief OUWPPL/ Suzlon needs to comply to all requirement of factories rules and participate in periodic Inspector of inspection during the Operations Phase Factories x Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of X ¥ ¥ ¥ State Department of OUWPPL/ Suzlon and their contractors need to comply to the requirements of the these Service) Act, 1996; Labour regulations x Inter-state Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Condition of Service) Act, 1979; x Contract Labour Act, 1970 x The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986; X ¥ ¥ ¥ State Department of OUWPPL/ Suzlon will need to comply to the requirements of the these regulations x The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976; Labour x Minimum Wages Act, 1948; x Equal Remuneration Act 1976; x Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923; x Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. Companies Act, 2013 X X ¥ X OUWPPL/ Suzlon According to Schedule 135 sub-section 1, the companies meeting the threshold criteria specified should spend in every financial year, at least 2% of the average net profits of the company made during the three immediately preceding financial years, in pursuance of CSR Policy.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Applicable Indian Legislation/Guidelines Agency Responsible Remark/ Status

Pre-construction Construction Operations Decommissioning The project will need to comply with the requirements as stated in the law, if it attracts provision under above mentioned schedule. Applicable International Conventions Conventions on the Conservation of Migratory species of wild animals and migratory species ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ State Forest Migratory bird in the project area bears protection from killing under Convention of Migratory Department Species (CMS) to which India is a signatory. Kyoto Protocol: The 3rd Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ NATCOM The project being a wind power generation project becomes the basis for qualifying for Clean Change (FCCC) in Kyoto in December 1997 introduced the Clean Development Mechanism Development Mechanism. (CDM) as a new concept for voluntary greenhouse-gas emission reduction agreements. IFC/ World Bank Guidelines IFC Performance Standards ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ IFC The ESIA report has been prepared on lines of IFC Performance Standards (2012). IFC/WB General EHS Guidelines X ¥ ¥ ¥ IFC During the construction, operation and eventual decommissioning of the site, these guidelines need IFC Guidelines for Power Transmission and Distribution X ¥ ¥ ¥ ) to be followed. IFC Guidelines for Wind Energy Projects X ¥ ¥ ¥ IFC Guidance on Worker Accommodation X ¥ ¥ ¥

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

3.4 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has stipulated different environmental standards w.r.t. ambient air quality, noise quality, water and waste water for the country as a whole under EP Act, 1986. Following standards are applicable to the project and need to be complied with during the project life cycle.

x National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQ Standards), as prescribed by MoEFCC vide, Gazette Notification dated 16th November, 2009; x Drinking water quality- Indian Drinking Water Standard (IS 10500: 2012); x General standards for discharge as prescribed under the Environment Protection Rules, 1986 and amendments (G.S.R 422 (E) dated 19.05.1993 and G.S.R 801 (E) dated 31.12.1993 issued under the provisions of E (P) Act 1986); x Noise standards specified by the MoEFCC vide Gazette notification dated 14th February, 2000 (Noise Pollution (Regulation and control) Rules, 2000); and x The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.

Details of different environmental standards are provided in Annex C.

IFC/ WB Standards

The General EHS guidelines (30th April 2007) of IFC/ WB have outlined following environmental standards which needs to be complied for the project.

x IFC/WB Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality Standards; x IFC/WB Guidelines for treated sanitary sewage discharges; x IFC/WB Noise Standards.

3.5 INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS

3.5.1 IFC Requirements

IFC applies the Performance Standards (1) to manage social and environmental risks and impacts and to enhance development opportunities in its private sector financing in its member countries eligible for financing. The Performance Standards may also be applied by other financial institutions choosing to support them in the proposed project. These performance standards and guidelines provide ways and means to identify impacts and affected stakeholders and lay down processes for management and mitigation

(1) http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/Content/PerformanceStandards

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

of adverse impacts. Together, the Client is required to meet the stipulations of all the eight Performance Standards throughout the life of an investment in the case such an investment is being sought either form IFC or any other institution which follows IFC standards.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Table 3.4 IFC Performance Standards

IFC- Description Objectives PS. 1 Assessment and x To identify and evaluate environmental and social risks and impacts of the project; Management of x To adopt a mitigation hierarchy to anticipate and avoid, or where avoidance is not possible, minimize and, Environmental and Social where residual impacts remain, compensate/offset for risks and impacts to workers, Affected Communities, Risks and Impacts and the environment; x To promote improved environmental and social performance of clients through the effective use of management systems; x To ensure that grievances from Affected Communities and external communications from other stakeholders are responded to and managed appropriately; and x To promote and provide means for adequate engagement with Affected Communities throughout the project cycle on issues that could potentially affect them and to ensure that relevant environmental and social information is disclosed and disseminated.

2 Labour and Working x To promote the fair treatment, non-discrimination, and equal opportunity of workers; Conditions x To establish, maintain, and improve the worker-management relationship; x To promote compliance with national employment and labor laws; x To protect workers, including vulnerable categories of workers such as children, migrant workers, workers engaged by third parties, and workers in the client’s supply chain; x To promote safe and healthy working conditions, and the health of workers; and x To avoid the use of forced labor.

3 Resource Efficiency and x To avoid or minimize adverse impacts on human health and the environment by avoiding or minimizing Pollution Prevention pollution from project activities; x To promote more sustainable use of resources, including energy and water; and x To reduce project-related GHG emissions.

4 Community Health, Safety x To anticipate and avoid adverse impacts on the health and safety of the Affected Community during the project and Security life from both routine and non-routine circumstances; and x To ensure that the safeguarding of personnel and property is carried out in accordance with relevant human rights principles and in a manner that avoids or minimizes risks to the Affected Communities.

5 Land Acquisition and x To avoid, and when avoidance is not possible, minimize displacement by exploring alternative project designs; Involuntary Resettlement x To avoid forced eviction; x To anticipate and avoid, or where avoidance is not possible, minimize adverse social and economic impacts

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

IFC- Description Objectives PS. from land acquisition or restrictions on land use by (i) providing compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost and (ii) ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with appropriate disclosure of information, consultation, and the informed participation of those affected; x To improve, or restore, the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced persons; and x To improve living conditions among physically displaced persons through the provision of adequate housing with security of tenure5 at resettlement sites

6 Biodiversity Conservation x To protect and conserve biodiversity; and Sustainable x To maintain the benefits from ecosystem services; and Management of Living x To promote the sustainable management of living natural resources through the adoption of practices that Natural Resources integrates conservation needs and development priorities.

7 Indigenous Peoples x To ensure that the development process fosters full respect for the human rights, dignity, aspirations, culture, and natural resource-based livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples; x To anticipate and avoid adverse impacts of projects on communities of Indigenous Peoples, or when avoidance is not possible, to minimize and/or compensate for such impacts; x To promote sustainable development benefits and opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in a culturally appropriate manner; x To establish and maintain an ongoing relationship based on Informed Consultation and Participation (ICP) with the Indigenous Peoples affected by a project throughout the project’s life-cycle; x To ensure the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) of the Affected Communities of Indigenous Peoples when the circumstances described in this Performance Standard are present; and x To respect and preserve the culture, knowledge, and practices of Indigenous Peoples.

8 Cultural Heritage x To protect cultural heritage from the adverse impacts of project activities and support its preservation; and x To promote the equitable sharing of benefits from the use of cultural heritage. Source: Source: IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability, 2012 ed.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

4 SCREENING AND SCOPING

At the initial stage of the ESIA process, preliminary information was provided to aid in the determination of what legal and other requirements apply to the Project. This step was conducted utilising a high level description of the Project and its associated facilities. The screening process involved the following:

x Reviewing of applicable regulatory framework for the proposed Wind Power Project; x Reviewing of available Project related activities and their impacts on various components of environment; x Collection and compilation of available secondary baseline data from different sources; and x Categorisation of Project as per IFC guidelines.

4.1 SCREENING METHODOLOGY

For the screening exercise, ERM undertook discussions with, both, the OUWPPL and Suzlon team and a review of the documents available. The following sub sections provide an understanding of the methodology followed.

4.1.1 Kick-off Meeting

The ERM team had a brief kick-off meeting with the OUWPPL team prior to site reconnaissance visit. A discussion was also held with regard to the expectations from this assessment in terms of scope of work, deliverables, timeline and the methodology to be followed for the same.

4.1.2 Document Review

Desk based review of the relevant documents of the project site and its surroundings were carried out to have a clear understanding of the Project and its impacts. Following documents were made available for review as part of ESIA: x Co-ordinates of all the 48 WTGs and; x Various documents for the Project;

A review of the secondary information available on the project area, the administrative block, the district and the state was undertaken so as to allow for the primary data to be substantiated and complimented.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 56

4.2 PROJECT CATEGORISATION

4.2.1 Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EFPI) and International Performance Standards (IFC)

Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EFPIs) are required to categorise projects according to the magnitude of its potential impacts based on the environmental and social screening criteria of the International Performance Standards (IFC) as per the following understanding:

x Category A: Projects with potential significant adverse social or environmental impacts that are diverse, irreversible or unprecedented; x Category B: Projects with potential limited adverse social or environmental impacts that are few in number, site-specific, largely reversible, and readily addressed through mitigation measures; or x Category C: Projects with minimal or no adverse social or environmental impacts.

With reference to the IFC’s environmental and social screening criteria, it is anticipated that the proposed Project will fall under ‘Category B’ for the following reasons:

x Environmental and impacts of the project are anticipated during the construction phase will encompass in increase noise & vibration and air quality during the site preparation including setting and operation of batching plants, labour camps, excavations for WTGs, Transmission Line Towers, vehicular transport, Impact on terrestrial ecology in and around WTG’s; Internal and external transmission line towers, pooling substations etc.; x The project does not involve any involuntary resettlement as only private farmlands have been purchased for the project. Also most of the land sellers are semi-medium to medium farmers and no one reportedly has been rendered landless due to the project; x The census record reports only a minor presence of Scheduled Tribe population within the project footprint area and as reported by Suzlon management no land has been purchased from any marginalised communities. The project also does not fall under Schedule V area; x There could be potential livelihood losses for vulnerable communities in the area whose primary occupation is agricultural labour due to the cumulative effect of farmland sales in the study area. However, this could be mitigated with targeted and appropriate CSR interventions; x The study area is surrounded by numerous wind farms and more windfarms are anticipated to be developed around the Project Area. Therefore, this project could also add to the cumulative impacts of increased traffic in the area owing to people and materials movement for the O&M phase of the existing wind farm projects and for the construction of new wind farm projects. This could be mitigated by appropriate traffic management in the Project Area.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 57

x No significant cultural heritage sites are located in the project area and therefore no impact on any local cultural properties is anticipated due to the project activities; x During the construction phase, there will be site-specific reversible impacts to Endangered and Near Threatened mammals and birds in the area. However, the project is not anticipated to lead to a reduction in the population of the Endangered and Near Threatened species or a loss in area of the habitat concerned, such that the persistence of a viable and representative host ecosystem is compromised; and x During the operation phase, there will be site-specific adverse irreversible impacts to birds and bats from operating wind turbine blades and the electrical transmission infrastructure. Once, the project is decommissioned, the impacts will be non-existent and all else being equal, the status of birds and bats will revert to the pre-project baseline.

4.3 SCOPING METHODOLOGY

Scoping has been undertaken to identify the potential Area of Influence for the Project (and thus the appropriate Study Area), to identify potential interactions between the Project and resources/receptors in the Area of Influence and the impacts that could result from these interactions, and to prioritize these impacts in terms of their likely significance. It is to be noted here that during the period of ESIA study, Project is in the Planning and Pre- Construction phase, therefore, the scoping exercise includes all the phases of the project, i.e., planning and pre-construction, construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning into consideration.

The scoping exercise was undertaken on the basis of the information available on the project, the discussions with the Project team and the prior understanding of ERM of wind power projects. Potential impacts have been identified through a systematic process whereby the features and activities (both planned and unplanned) associated with the construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning phases of the Project have been considered with respect to their potential to interact with resources/ receptors. However, social impacts are assessed retrospectively for the land purchase process during preconstruction phase. Potential impacts have each been classified in one of three categories:

x No interaction: where the Project is unlikely to interact with the resource/ receptor (e.g., wholly terrestrial projects may have no interaction with the marine environment); x Interaction likely, but not likely to be significant: where there is likely to be an interaction, but the resultant impact is unlikely to change baseline conditions in an appreciable/detectable way; and x Significant interaction: where there is likely to be an interaction, and the resultant impact has a reasonable potential to cause a significant effect on the resource/receptor.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 58

As a tool for conducting scoping, the various Project features and activities that could reasonably act as a source of impact were identified, and these have been listed down the vertical axis of a Potential Interactions Matrix. The resources/receptors relevant to the Baseline environment have been listed across the horizontal axis of the matrix.

Each resulting cell on the Potential Interactions Matrix thus represents a potential interaction between a Project feature/activity and a resource/ receptor.

The under construction wind power Project will involve the following key activities during its life cycle which will include planning/ pre-construction, construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning phases and the same has been detailed in Section 2.

4.4 SCOPING RESULTS

The completed potential interactions matrix for Project activities and likely impacted resources/ receptors is presented in Table 4.1. Those cells that are coloured ‘white’ are ‘scoped out’ for further consideration in the ESIA Process. Those interactions that are ‘grey’ are also ‘scoped out’, but the ESIA report includes a discussion that presents the evidence base (e.g., past experience, documented data, etc.) used to justify the basis upon which this decision was made. Those interactions that are shaded ‘black’ are retained for further consideration in the ESIA Process.

Interactions that are likely to lead to significant impacts are presented in Table 4.2 and will be the focus of the impact assessment. Owing to site conditions there are certain possible interactions that will not take place. As a result these interactions have been “scoped out” and are presented in Table 4.3.

4.4.1 Cumulative Impacts

It was observed during site reconnaissance survey, that existing wind farms, managed by Suzlon, are present in the Project area especially towards the south and east of the Project. Wind Farms are known to present in the villages of Venkatadri Palli, approximately 0.7 km south of BLG-086, approximately 1.9 km east of WTG BLG-085, approximately 2.4- 3 km east of WTGs BLG-155 to BLG 163, which could lead to some environmental, social and ecological cumulative impacts. Cumulative impacts have been elucidated, further in Chapter 7 of the report.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 59

Table 4.1 Potential interactions matrix for the 100.8 MW Project, near the village of Beluguppa.

Environmental and Social Resources/ Receptors

Ecology Land use Land use

Resources

Displacement Visual Landscape Visual Landscape Water Environment Culture and heritage Culture and heritage

Ambient Quality Air Ambient Noise Levels NoiseAmbientLevels Land Livelihoods based

Demographyand ( Influx Natural /Common Property

Community Health and Safety Occupational Health and Safety andOccupationalHealth Safety Local Economy and Employment Local and Employment Economy Social andServices Infrastructure

Project Phase and Activity Soil and Land Environment Quality Planning Phase Wind Master/ Meteorological Master Installation Design and Finalization of Contractors Land acquisition Construction Phase Pathways and access road construction WTG location preparation – site clearance Construction material transport and storage Labour camp Mobilization of Construction machinery Mobilizing and operating DG sets Establishment of Batching Plant Foundation excavation and construction Transportation of WTG components to site WTG parts and other equipment – transit storage yards Office building construction Transmission line – Pole laying and line installation Internal electric connections

Wind farm commissioning

Operation and Maintenance Phase Normal operation of windfarm Routine inspection and maintenance scheduled activities at each WTG location Operation and maintenance of ancillary facilities such as yards, stores. Inspection, maintenance and operation of transmission lines Inspection, maintenance and operation of intra-site pathways/access roads Structural Failure of WTG due to Natural Hazard like cyclone, earthquake. Decommissioning Phase Remove WTG parts and ancillary facilities Remove transmission lines Return intra-site access roads Restoration of wind farm site land

= Represents “no” interactions is reasonably expected = Represents interactions reasonably possible but none of the outcome will lead to significant impact = Represents interactions reasonably possible with one of the outcomes may lead to potential significant impacts

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 60

Table 4.2 Interactions identified that are likely to result in significant impacts

Interaction Justification for Expectation of Potentially Significant Impacts (between Project Activity and Resource/Receptor) Change in land use x Construction of temporary structures – stockyard, batching plant, and will change the land use for short period; x Clearing of vegetation for Project related activities; x Laying of transmission lines and towers, paving and widening of access roads, erection of WTG towers and site office will lead to permanent change in land use; and x Restoration of wind farm site after Project cycle will reverse the land use to the original one. Impacts on Land x Decrease of soil quality due to loss of vegetation cover; and Soil x Higher soil evaporation and loss of soil moisture because of loss Environment of vegetation cover; x Impact on land environment because of widening and paving of access/internal roads and laying of transmission lines; x Erosion of loose soil during monsoon season and windy periods; x Sedimentation of nearby water bodies due to excessive soil erosion and run-off; x Compaction of soil due to foundation construction and heavy traffic use; x Removal of top soil at WTGs, ancillary facilities and transmission tower sites; x Generation of construction debris, solid municipal waste and decommissioning waste; x Impact on soil and land environment due to improper management of domestic solid waste generated; x Storage and handling of hazardous waste (e.g. fuel and lubricant) and accidents/negligence leading to leaks and soil contamination; x Generation of hazardous waste during operation of the Project e.g. small amounts of waste oil; and x Restoration of wind farm site after Project cycle. Impact on Water Requirement of water for domestic and construction purposes Resources may put a stress on local water resources; Impact on surface water quality due to run-off from storage area during monsoon; and Discharge of wastewater into water bodies. Impact on air x Fugitive dust emissions due to movement of machinery and quality vehicles; x Dust emissions from operation of batching plant, excavation, back-filling activities, etc.; x Decreased environmental resilience to air pollution because of loss of forest vegetation; and x Air emissions due to operations of DG sets to be used for emergency power backup and batching plant. Visual Landscape The visual landscape of the study area will be altered due to the WTGs and supporting facilities; Presence of construction equipment during construction phase; Decreased visual aesthetic of converting land atop the mountains to open plains with scattered vegetation; and Presence of internal and external transmission lines. Increased Ambient Generation of noise during clearing of vegetation; Noise Levels Noise generation due to movement of vehicles and heavy earth moving machineries during construction phase;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 61

Interaction Justification for Expectation of Potentially Significant Impacts (between Project Activity and Resource/Receptor) Noise generation during excavation and drilling of rocky land for WTGs; Noise generation due to widening and paving of access roads; Generation of noise during operation of batching plant and from DG Sets; Generation of noise due to operation of WTGs; and Generation of noise while decommissioning the WTG components and ancillary facilities at the end of the Project life cycle. Ecological Loss of habitat and resulting impact on flora & fauna due to Impacts clearance of vegetation; Disturbance due to increased anthropogenic presence and activity due to construction activities; Faunal mortality due to vehicular movement on roads; Collision and mortality risk to avifauna and bats from operating wind turbine blades; and Collision and electrical hazards to birds from electrical transmission infrastructure. Occupational Health x There is a likelihood of some risks to health and safety of workers. and Safety Community Health x Potential shadow flickering effect on the habituations located close to and Safety the WTGs area; x The community living in the vicinity of the WTGs will be exposed to risk of structure failure of WTGs. x Cumulative impact of increased traffic in the project area owing to the many wind farm projects in the area. Livelihood x Job opportunities due to project, especially for unskilled and semi- skilled laborers and security workers. But the major impact due to employment opportunities is during the construction phase where they have recruited locals for mainly unskilled jobs during construction. Since the project is about to be operational, only few locals may find employment as security staffs at the WTG locations. Therefore the impact on the local economy due to employment opportunity during the operation phase of the project is positive, but negligible. x The diversion of the cultivable land for non-agricultural use will reduce the availability of land for agricultural laborers in the area may be affected due to reduced availability of land. This can have a minor impact on the livelihoods of local agricultural laborers. However, there might be a cumulative impact of livelihood loss for agricultural laborers in the area owing to the numerous wind farm projects in the area. x Land Sellers for the WTG locations have gained financially. But the land purchase process had been completed during ERM site visit, and no further individual economic impact is foreseen during the operations phase of the project. Social Development x Suzlon and Orange have a robust corporate CSR team and have a through CSR CSR personnel employed in their site location. Andhra Pradesh has a CSR employee of Suzlon and 20 villages; 18 in Anantapur and 2 in Cuddapah districts are being covered by Suzlon CSR. Orange too has a CSR representative in the area and has reportedly undertaken CSR activities in the other wind farm projects in the locat x Some of the CSR activities undertaken include provision of village RO filters, Tree plantation, eye camp, water harvesting structures, eye-camps, skill training for women, micro-enterprise initiative etc. x As part of this project, another 7-8 villages of Vidapanankallu

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 62

Interaction Justification for Expectation of Potentially Significant Impacts (between Project Activity and Resource/Receptor) Mandal will also be brought under the CSR umbrella of Suzlon. CSR initiatives, if effectively implemented can have a major impact on the project area, which is one of the most backward districts in the state.

The Scoped- out interactions during the proposed Project's life cycle have been elaborated in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3 Scoped- out interactions during the proposed Project's life cycle

SN. Impact Title Reason for Scoping-out 1 Impact on local x There is no significant influx of migrant workers during the demographics construction phase of the wind farm project, since most of the unskilled and semi-skilled laborers have been sourced locally. However, since the project was about to being operational, there were no migrant workers on-site. x Wind farm projects also require very little manpower during operations phase, therefore no significant influx of population is expected. 2 Prevalence of x Since there are no significant migrant workers involved for communicable the project, the potential for introduction of communicable diseases disease due to outside labour in the area has been scoped out.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 63

5 ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE

Baseline refers to the physical, biological, cultural and human conditions that will prevail in the absence of the project, including interactions amongst them. Establishing baseline helps in understanding the prevailing environmental, ecological and socio-economic status of the study area. It provides requisite information of the biophysical and social environment for decision makers to take appropriate measures regarding the project.

Establishing baseline provides the background environmental and social conditions for prediction of the future environmental characteristics of the area before setting up of the project. It also helps in environmental and social management planning and provides a basis to finalize a strategy for minimizing any potential impact due on surrounding environment due to setting up of the project.

This section establishes the baseline environmental, ecological and socio- economic status of the wind farm site and surrounding area to provide a context within which the impacts of the wind farm project are to be assessed.

5.1 LOCATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE SETTING

5.2 AREA OF INFLUENCE

For the purpose of the baseline establishment and impact assessment, an Area of Influence (AoI) has been identified. This sub section provides an understanding of the AoI thus identified and the reasons for the same.

5.2.1 Study Area

The study area considered for ESIA includes an area within 5 km radius from farthest of WTGs. The study area of 5 km has been selected based on the location of Project site and its footprint, nature and spatial distribution of potential social and environmental impacts (based on similar type of projects).

Project footprint Area

The Project Footprint is the area that may reasonably be expected to be physically touched by Project activities, across all phases. Physically, there is no demarcation or fencing for the Project Site boundary and hence it is contiguous with the rest of the area.

The Project Footprint for Project includes land used for the erection of WTGs, substation, storage of materials, site office, access roads, and internal and external transmission lines.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 64

Project Area of Influence (AoI)

The effects of the Project and Project activities on a particular resource or receptor will have spatial (distance) and temporal (time) dimensions, the scale of which is dependent on a number of factors. These factors are incorporated in the definition of the Project’s Area of Influence (AoI).

The AoI considered for the existing Project with respect to the environmental and social resources was based on the following reach of impacts: x Environmental parameters: Project site boundary, immediate vicinity, access road and surroundings, i.e. a study area of approximately 5 km (hereafter referred to as the AoI) distance from project line has been used to depict these parameters; o Noise: Noise impact area (defined as the area over which an increase in environmental noise levels due to the Project can be detected) – typically 1 km from operations (this includes a distance of 10 times the size of the rotor diameter of the WTG); o Air Quality: Dust emissions, fugitive dust –typically up to 100 m from Construction, operations and maintenance area; o Land environment: The impacts on soil and land- typically up to 100 m from project foot print area; o Ecological Environment (Terrestrial and Aquatic): This includes: (a) the direct footprint of the project comprising the wind farm; (b) The areas immediately adjacent to the project footprint within which a zone of ecological disturbance is created through increased dust, human presence and project related activities (e.g., trampling, transportation activities).; x Social and Cultural: the AoI for the project is identified as the area within a 5 km radius from the project footprint area, comprising of approximately 10 villages.

Core and Buffer Zone

This AoI is in turn, divided into a core and buffer zone. This division of the AoI into two zones is based on the understanding that the majority of the impacts from the project (during the mobilization, construction, operations and decommission phase) would be contained within a 1 km radius from the Project Footprint in terms of spread and intensity, with the buffer zone appearing to have limited interaction with the project.

The physical feature map of the Project has been presented in Figure 5.1

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 65

Figure 5.1 Physical feature map of the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 66

5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE METHODOLOGY

The following sub sections provide an understanding of the methodology followed for the establishment of the environmental baseline.

As mentioned in the earlier sections, ERM undertook a site visit between the 3rd of May to the 7th of May, 2016 to understand the site setting, environmental and social sensitivities and to identify the relevant local stakeholders. The site visit included a walkover of the site and associated facilities with the OUWPPL and Suzlon teams. Limited consultation with the local community, local community representatives, local NGOs and local government officials was conducted to understand the local environmental and social issues in the area and to receive feedback from stakeholder on these issues. A reconnaissance survey using available recent satellite imagery of the study area around the Project was initially conducted to identify environmental and social sensitive receptors located within the study area.

As part of this site visit, primary data was collected from sensitive spots and other places inside the AoI and concerned government departments and other relevant agencies were also contacted in order to obtain information. The following sub sections provide an understanding of the same.

Primary Baseline Data Collection

Kiwis Eco Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, recognized by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India was engaged for collection of baseline information on ambient noise quality between the 5th of May to the 15th of May, 2016. The primary baseline data was collected for aspects detailed out in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Primary Baseline Data Collection

S.N. Environmental Attribute No. of Frequency Remarks Locations/Ar ea 1 Ambient Air Quality 2 Twice a week for Air Quakity at neaby One Week at villages were two monitored twice a locations week for one week at two (2) locations. 2 Ambient Noise Quality 8 Once during the Noise levels were monitoring monitored on hourly period basis for 24 hours at six (8) locations. 3 Water Quality 1 Surface Once during the To assess water Water and 3 monitoring quality in the Project Ground period Area. One (1) surface Water water and three (3) ground water samples, from hand pumps, from nearby villages.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 67

Secondary Baseline Data Collection

Secondary baseline data collection involved identifying and collecting existing published materials and documents. Information on various environment aspects (like geology, hydrology, drainage pattern, ecology etc.), meteorology and socio economic aspects were collected from different institutions, government offices and literatures etc. Secondary data was collected for the aspects as given in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 Secondary Baseline Data Collection

S. N. Attribute Source of Data Collection 1 Meteorological data India Meteorological Department (IMD) 2 Geology, geomorphology, Geological Survey of India (GSI) and State Ground hydrogeology and hydrology Water Board 3 Land use Through Satellite Imageries 4 Natural Hazards Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council of India (BMTPC) Meteorological Department

Environmental and social baseline data was collected through primary surveys as well as through secondary sources by literature survey and discussions with the concerned departments/agencies. Details of data collected are summarized in subsequent sections.

5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE FINDINGS

5.4.1 Land cover and use

The land use of the Project AoI comprises primarily of agricultural land which covers approximately 84.84% of the Project area. The Project AOI also comprises of wasteland which covers approximately 7.34 % of the area. The built-up area comprises of approximately 1.75% of the area. Waterbodies comprise of approximately 2.62 % of the area. The land use statistics have been elaborated upon in detail in Table 5.3 and a map detailing the land use/ land cover has been provided in Figure 5.2.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 68

Table 5.3 Land use break detail of the Project

Level –I Level –II Level –III Area (Sq. km) % of Geographical Area Built up Built-up Rural Settlement 5.59 1.75 Sub- Total 5.59 1.75 Agricultural Land Cropland Kharif Crop 49.76 15.63 Rabi Crop 154.80 48.62 Double Crop (Kh + Ra) 20.38 6.40 Fallow Land Current Fallow 36.26 11.39 Salt affected land- Salt affected land Moderate 8.94 2.81 Sub- Total 270.12 84.84 Wastelands-Scrub Wasteland land Rocky/Stony 0.48 0.15 Land with Open scrub 22.29 7.00 Shallow Ravines 0.64 0.20 Sub- Total 23.41 7.35 Deciduous Forest- Forest Deciduous Forest Open 3.69 1.16 Scrub Forest Scrub Forest 7.26 2.28 Sub- Total 10.95 3.44 Waterbodies-Kharif Water bodies Waterbody Extent 0.22 0.07 Waterbodies-Rabi Extent 1.39 0.44 Waterbodies-Dry 2.59 0.81 Waterbodies- River/Stream-Dry 4.14 1.30 Sub- Total 8.34 2.62 Total 318.41 100.00

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 69

Figure 5.2 Land use in the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 70

5.4.2 Local Topographical Features

The local topographical features across the study area comprise of flat terrain. Areas that comprise of village settlements and other human activities are generally flat and have been conditioned over time to support agricultural activities. Hilly terrain has also been observed during the site visit towards the south-south west of the WTGs. The WTG locations are located on terrain that is a primarily flat terrain. The WTG locations have base elevations ranging from 440-500 metres above mean sea level (MSL). The contour map as well as the digital elevation (DEM) of the Project AoI is presented in Figure 5.3 and Figure 5.4.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 71

Figure 5.3 Contour Map of the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

Figure 5.4 Digital Elevation Map of the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

5.4.3 Geology and Hydrogeology

According to the Department of Mines and Geology,-Andhra Pradesh, the lithology of the Anantapur district comprises of three rock groups. They are as follows

(i) Middle Proterozoic age rocks which leads to the Cudappah Supergroup of rocks comprising of the Paraghni group, the Chitravati group and the Kurnool group. Major rock types comprise of quartzite, shale, limestone and their conglomerates. The ground water prospects in areas that comprise these rocks are limited, discontinuous and with less yield potential;

(ii) Archaen rock types which comprises of peninsular gneiss complex. The rock types encountered are granite, hornblende, gneiss and migmatite. Ground water prospects are primarily confined to the floors hills and forests; and

(iii) Archaean Lower Proterozoic rock types which comprises of closepet granite, Dharwad supergroup and peninsular gneiss complex. The lithology in this region is primarily granite, quartzite schist and a blend of granite, horneblend, gneiss and migmatite. The ground water prospects are primarily weathered and fractured aquifiersupto 100 m extending beyond 150 m and suitable for borewells.

The project falls in (iii) that comprises of granite, horneblend, gneiss and migmatite. The area that the project falls in utilises water for agriculture primarily with the help of borewells. However, the trend of ground water has been decreasing every year. As per the data in the Central Ground water brochure for the District of Anantapur, the mandal of Beluguppa, in which the project lies in, has been classified as over exploited (1) . Water is supplemented to the region via a network of canals with water sourced from the PABR Dam, which is located towards the north north east of the Project AoI (i.e. approximately 9 km away).

(1) Ground water brochure, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh. Central Ground Water Board. Southern region, Hyderabad, September 2013. http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/AP/Ananthapur.pdf. Accessed on 04/07/2016.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 74

Figure 5.5 Geological and Hydrogeological map of Anantapur District

ProjectPro SiteSite

Source: Ground water brochure, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh. Central Ground Water Board. Southern region, Hyderabad, September 2013.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 75

5.4.4 Hydrology and Drainage Pattern

The drainage pattern in the project AoI is supplemented by three major sources of water, which is a source of surface water in the Project AoI, viz. the Kanekallu Tank, which is located approximately 4.54 km north of WTG BLG- 014 is a seasonal in nature and is recharged with rain water during the monsoon period. Similar water bodies have been observed approximately 2 km west of WTG BLG-011, approximately 3-4 km west of BLG-007, approximately 2 km west of BLG-080 and BLG-081, approximately 2.1 km east of BLG-025. The Jeedipalli Reservoir is located to the north-west of the Project and is located approximately 5.07 east of the closest WTG, i.e. WTG BLG-163. Examples of water bodies that were observed in the Project Area at the time of the ERM site visit, in June, 2016 have been presented in Figure 5.6. The Ahobilam/ PABR Dam (Figure 5.7) is present approximately 10 km north east of the Project AoI and plays a major role in suplementing thevillages in the east of the Project Area with water for domestic purposes as well as for farming activities. Water is transported via a canal system to the villages as observed in the drainage map in Figure 5.8.

Figure 5.6 Waterbodies observed in the Project AoI at the time of the ERM site visit (a) Jeedipalli Reservoir (b) Dried up Kanekallu Tank.

Source: ERM site visit, May2016

Figure 5.7 Ahobilam/ PABR Dam located approximately 10 km north east of the Project

Source: ERM site visit, May2016

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 76

Figure 5.8 Drainage Map of the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 77

5.4.5 Climate and Meteorology

Regional Meteorology

The climate of the region is classified as tropical wet and dry climate with following four main seasons:

x Winter season : November to February x Pre-monsoon season : March to May x Monsoon season : June to September x Post Monsoon season : October to November

The long term meteorology (period 1961- 1990) of the region based on data recorded at the nearest observatory station of India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Anantapur is presented in Table 5.4 and Table 5.5and described in subsequent sections.

Table 5.4 Climatological Data, Anantapur

Months Temperature (°C) % Relative Rainfall (mm) Vapour Wind Humidity Pressure, Speed hPa kmph Daily Daily Highest Lowest 0830 1730 Monthl No. of 0830 1730 Mean Max Min in the in the hrs hrs y Total rainy hrs hrs month month days January 30.3 17.3 32.8 13.9 68 40 0.3 0.0 17.3 15.5 8.8 February 33.6 19.5 36.5 16.0 59 31 1.0 0.1 17.3 14.8 9.1 March 37.0 22.6 39.4 18.5 53 25 5.2 0.4 18.7 14.7 9.0 April 39.0 26.0 41.2 22.2 56 26 14.6 1.2 23.2 16.5 9.2 May 38.8 26.2 41.3 22.2 62 32 52.5 2.8 25.3 19.5 12.2 June 35.4 25.0 38.9 22.5 68 47 51.8 3.3 25.2 23.0 16.4 July 33.5 24.3 36.5 22.4 72 54 69.2 4.1 25.1 23.8 16.5 August 32.9 23.8 35.7 22.3 74 55 70.2 4.7 24.9 23.9 15.7 September 32.8 23.5 35.7 21.5 76 55 135.1 7.2 25.4 23.9 10.8 October 31.8 22.5 34.3 19.0 74 56 101.1 6.0 24.6 22.8 7.4 November 30.0 20.2 32.4 15.5 74 55 39.3 2.4 21.8 20.3 8.2 December 29.0 18.1 31.2 14.0 74 50 11.0 0.8 19.5 18.0 9.0 Average 33.7 22.4 36.325 19.17 68 43.83 22.4 19.7 11.02 Total 551.3 33.0 Source: Climatological Table 1961-90, India Meteorological Department

Temperature

As per the data recorded at meteorological station, Anantapur, the temperature begins to increase from January till May. April and May are the hottest months with highest temperature of 41.3°C recorded in the month of May. The lowest temperature of 13.9°C was recorded in month of January. The daily mean minimum temperature varies from 17.3°C in January to 26.2°C in May, whereas the daily mean maximum temperature varies from 29°C in December to 39°C in April.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 78

Relative Humidity

The relative humidity is generally high during the period of monsoon from July to September. On an average, relative humidity is about 74% during morning hours and 54.6% during evening hours during monsoon. The minimum humidity of 25% is recorded in March and maximum relative humidity of 76% is experienced in September.

Rainfall

The annual average rainfall in the region is about 551.3 mm spreading over 33 days. The southwest monsoon sets in the end of May and attains the highest intensity in month of September. The monsoon withdraws towards the end of the October contributing about 18.3% of the annual average rainfall i.e., about 101.1 mm. The remaining months of year also experience the sporadic rains. The maximum rainfall occurs during month of September (135.1 mm) and minimum during the month of January (0.3 mm).

Wind Speed and Direction

The normal wind speed range in the region is 8.2- 16.5 kmph which prevails during 50% of each month. The predominant wind direction is recorded to be from W/ SW during the summer (March-May) and monsoon season (June – September). Post monsoon (October- November) receives wind predominantly from N/ NE/E and winter season (December – February) experiences calm conditions during most of the time. Monthly pre-dominant wind directions during morning and evening time have been presented in Table 5.5.

Table 5.5 Predominant Wind Direction

Month Morning Time Predominant Winds Evening Time Predominant Winds I II III I II III January CALM E SE E NE CALM February CALM E SE E NE CALM March CALM SW W E NE CALM April W SW CALM CALM NE E May W SW NW & CALM CALM W&NW N&NE June W SW NW W SW NW July W SW CALM W SW NW August W SW NW W NW SW September W CALM SW W NW & CALM SW&NE October CALM W E NE E CALM November CALM E NE E NE CALM December CALM E NE E NE CALM Source: Climatological tables 1961-1990, India Meteorological Department

5.4.6 Natural Hazards

Seismicity

As per the data released by the Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC) of Government of India, the Project is located in an area that

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 79

is designated as Zone II that corresponds to MSK VI or less. This zone is a zone of low damage risk. The Earthquake Hazard Map (showing faults, thrusts and earthquakes) is presented in Figure 5.9.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 80

Figure 5.9 Earthquake Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur

ProjectPr Site

Source: Building Material and technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 81

Wind and Cyclones

As per the data released by the Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC) of Government of India, the Project site is located in a an area that experiences low wind velocities and therefore in a n area of low damage risk zone (Vb= 33 m/s). The Wind Cyclone and Hazard Map are presented in Figure 5.10.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 82

Figure 5.10 Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur

ProjectPr Site

Source: Building Material and technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 83

Floods

As per the data released by the prepared by Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC) of Government of India, the project site falls in an area not liable to floods. The flood hazard map of the district of Anantapur has been presented in Figure 5.11.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 84

Figure 5.11 Flood Hazard Map of the District of Anantapur

ProjectPr Site

Source: Building Material and technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 85

5.4.7 Ambient Air Quality

The existing ambient air quality of the study area was monitored at two locations during the monitoring period. The monitoring parameters includes

Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) i.e. PM10 (particulate matter of particle

size less than 10 micrometer) and PM2.5 (particulate matter of particle size less

than 2.5 micrometer), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and

Carbon Monoxide (CO). PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx were monitored on 24- hourly basis while CO was monitored on eight hourly basis monitored twice a week during the study period.

Selection of sampling locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through ambient air quality monitoring network and is based on the following considerations: x Meteorological conditions of the area based on information of IMD; x Topography of the study area; and x Location of sensitive receptors such as major settlements.

The details of monitoring locations within the study area are presented in Table 5.6. Map showing location of ambient air quality monitoring stations is presented in Figure 5.12.

The sampling and analysis of ambient air quality parameters was carried out as per the procedures detailed in relevant Parts of IS-5182 (Indian Standards for Ambient Air Quality Parameters). The applied testing procedures are given in brief in Table 5.7.

Table 5.6 Details of Ambient Air Monitoring Stations

S Sampli Loca Zone Easting Northin Justification for Selection of Location N. ng tion (mE) g (mN) and its setting Locatio Cod ns e

1 Avulen AA 43 P 723235.00 1630408. This station’s AAQ data captures the na Q1 00 baseline for settlements at the nearest Village village of Avulenna to the WTGs (which are located towards the south of AAQ2) 2 Sri AA 43 P 730947.00 1624088. This station’s AAQ data captures the Rangap Q2 00 baseline for settlements at the nearest uram village of Sri Rangapuram to the WTGs Village (which are located towards the north of AAQ1) Source: ERM site visit, May2016 Note: The Coordinates have been presented in the UTM Format

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 86

Figure 5.12 Map showing the location of ambient air quality (AAQ) stations in the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 87

Table 5.7 Details of Methods and Detection Limits for different Air Quality Parameters

S.N. Parameter Range/Detection Limit 1. Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm) or IS-5182 (PART-23):2006 & CPCB PM10 Guidelines Volume 1 (2012-2013) 2. Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5 µm) or Guidelines Volume 1 (2012-2013) PM2.5

3. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) IS-5182 (Part-II):2001

4. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) IS-5182 (Part-VI): 2006 5. Carbon Monoxide (CO) CO Analyzer Source: ERM site visit, May2016

Summarized AAQ results as monitored at various locations are presented in Table 5.8. The ambient Air quality results have been provided in Annex D.

Table 5.8 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area

Parameter Units Observed AAQ1 AAQ2 3 PM10 µg/m Maximum 65.3 63.9 Minimum 64.1 62.6 Average 64.7 63.25 NAAQS Standard 100 100 3 PM2.5 µg/m Maximum 26.1 25.5 Minimum 25.6 24.9 Average 25.8 25.2 NAAQS Standard 60 60

SO2 µg/m3 Maximum 16.2 15.9 Minimum 15.8 15.2 Average 16.0 15.5 NAAQS Standard 80 80 NOx µg/m3 Maximum 19.8 19.1 Minimum 19.2 18.7 Average 19.5 18.9 NAAQS Standard 80 80 CO mg/m3 Maximum 0.1 0.1 Minimum 0.1 0.1 Average 0.1 0.1 NAAQS Standard 02 02 Note: NAAQS = Revised National Ambient Air Quality Standard as notified on 16 November 2009.

Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10)

As per NAAQS, the prescribed limit of RPM i.e. PM10 for 24 hours monitoring

is 100 µg/m3 and WHO guidelines for PM10 is 50 µg/m3. The maximum PM10 values were observed to be within the NAAQS limit, however found to exceed

the WHO limits at both the locations. The graphical representation of PM10 concentration in the study area is shown in Figure 5.13.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 88

Figure 5.13 PM10 Concentration in the Study Area

Source: Primary baseline data

Respirable Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

The average RPM concentration (PM2.5) values at the locations were found to be between 25.8 µg/m3and 25.2 µg/26.028 µg/m3 respectively.

As per NAAQS and WHO, the prescribed limit of RPM i.e. PM2.5 for 24 hours

monitoring is 60µg/m3 and 25µg/m3 respectively. The average PM2.5values were observed to be within the NAAQS limits, however found to exceed

WHO limit marginally. The graphical representation of PM2.5 concentration in the study area is shown in Figure 5.14.

Figure 5.14 PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area

Source: Primary baseline data

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 89

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

The average SO2 concentration observed at the locations during the study period was observed to be between 16 µg/m3 and 15.5 µg/m3 respectively.

The NAAQS and WHO guidelines for SO2 (24 hours monitoring) is 80

µg/m3and 20 µg/m3. The average SO2 values were observed to be within the

NAAQS and WHO limit at both locations. The graphical representation of SO2 concentration in the study area is shown in Figure 5.15.

Figure 5.15 SO2 Concentration in the Study Area

Source: Primary baseline data

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

The average NOx concentration observed during the period was between 19.5 µg/m3 and 18.8 µg/m3 at each location respectively.

As per NAAQS the prescribed limit of NOx for 24 hours monitoring is 80µg/m3, whereas, WHO guidelines do not specify NOx limits for 24 hours (annual limits are 40 µg/m3). The average NOx values were observed to be within the NAAQS limit at both locations. The graphical representation of NOx concentration in the study area is shown in Figure 5.16.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 90

Figure 5.16 NOx Concentration in the Study Area

Source: Primary baseline data

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

As per NAAQS the prescribed limit of CO for 8 hours monitoring is 2 mg/m3. The average CO values were observed to be within the NAAQS limit at all the locations as the observed values are below the detectable limit. WHO guidelines do not specify limits for CO.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 91

5.4.8 Noise Quality

Noise levels were recorded at eight locations (Figure 5.17) once during the study period with the aid of a digital noise level meter. Noise levels were

recorded for 24 hours and the noise quality has been reported as Leqday and

Leqnight for each of the locations. Daytime is considered from 0600 to 2200 hours and night from 2200 to 0600 hours. The details of noise monitoring locations are given in Table 5.9. The noise level in the study area is detailed in Table 5.10 . The results of noise quality are presented in Annex E.

Table 5.9 Details of Noise Sampling Locations

SN. Sampling Location Code Zone Easting (mE) Northing (mN) Locations 1 NQ1 Srirangapuram 43 P 723235.00 1630407.00 Village 2 NQ2 Nakkalapalli 43 P 726249.00 1628843.00 Village 3 NQ3 Beluguppa 43 P 728518.00 1626985.00 Tanda Village 4 NQ4 Avulenna 43 P 730947.00 1624087.00 Village 5 NQ5 Belaguppa 43 P 737253.97 1628756.92 Village 6 NQ6 Erragudi 43 P 733106.58 1626301.88 Kottala Village 7 NQ7 Tagguparthy 43 P 730143.00 1627942.00 Village 8 NQ8 Erragudi 43 P 732148.42 1626553.18 Kottala Village Note: The Coordinates have been presented in the UTM Format

Table 5.10 Noise Level in the Study Area

Equivalent Noise Levels Day Time Equivalent Noise Level Night Time (dBA) (dBA) S\N CPCB and CPCB and . Location WHO WHO limits

Leq day Lmax Lmin limits* Leq Leq night Lmax Lmin Leq 1 NQ1 53.7 54.4 48.5 55 44.5 44.7 43.1 45 2 NQ 2 52.1 54.4 45.2 55 43.6 44.1 42.2 45 3 NQ 3 52.3 54.2 45.2 55 43.8 44.5 44.2 45 4 NQ 4 53.1 54.6 46.1 55 44.2 44.7 42.9 45 5 NQ 5 53.1 54.5 46.8 55 44.0 43.9 44.3 45 6 NQ 6 52.3 54.6 45.2 55 43.7 45.3 42.9 45 7 NQ 7 53.8 54.6 48.7 55 44.0 47.2 43.3 45 8 NQ 8 53.1 54.2 45.6 55 43.8 45.2 42.4 45 * Note: As per CPCB, Day time is considered from 6 am to 10 pm and night time is considered from 10 pm to 6am;As per WHO limits, Day time is considered from 07.00 to 22.00 and night time is considered from 22.00 to 07.00.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 92

Figure 5.17 Map showing the location of Noise quality (NQ) stations in the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 93

The equivalent ambient noise level for day time (Leq day) and night time (Leq night) at the eight monitoring locations were observed to be within the corresponding prescribed limits of CPCB and WHO for residential areas. The study area has primarily a rural setting where the major source of noise is observed as vehicular noise.

The Daytime and night time noise levels recorded at various sampling locations are presented in Figure 5.18 and Figure 5.19.

Figure 5.18 Day Time Noise Levels

Source: Primary baseline data

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 94

Figure 5.19 Night Time Noise Levels

Source: Primary baseline data

5.4.9 Water Quality

Surface water and Ground water quality

The water quality assessment was done to understand the baseline water (surface water and ground water) quality of the study area. The groundwater samples were collected from hand pumps/bore wells. Surface water samples were collected from streams and dams within the project area of influence. Map showing location of water sampling is presented in Figure 5.20. The details of water sampling locations are presented in Table 5.11 .

The results of ground water and surface water are presented in Annex F and Annex G.

Table 5.11 Details of Water Sampling Locations

S.N Location Station Zone Easting Northing Type of Justification for Code (mE) (mN) Sample Location of Sample Surface water 1 J.D Palli SW1 43 P 742842.91 1627320.70 Reservoir Water sample Reservoir collected the (outskirts of reservoir Ankampalli outskirts of the Village) village of Ankampalli utilised for domestic purposes

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 95

S.N Location Station Zone Easting Northing Type of Justification for Code (mE) (mN) Sample Location of Sample Ground water 1 Sri GW1 43 P 723210.82 1630676.99 Ground Water sample Rangapuram water considered as the Village (hand representative pump) sample of the ground water in and around the village of Sri Rangapuram and the water is being used for washing, drinking etc. This was collected from a hand pump. 2. Tagguparthy GW2 43 P 737289.49 1628765.88 Ground Water sample Village water considered as the (hand representative pump) sample of the ground water in and around the village of Tagguparthyand the water is being used for washing, drinking etc. This was collected from a hand pump. 3. Erragudi GW3 43 P 732524.60 1626413.59 Ground Water sample Kottala water considered as the Village (hand representative pump) sample of the ground water in and around the village of Erragudi Kottala and the water is being used for washing, drinking etc. This was collected from a hand pump. Note: The Coordinates have been presented in the UTM Format

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 96

Figure 5.20 Map showing the locations for surface water and ground water locations in the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 97

Parameters for analysis of water quality were selected based on the utility of the particular source of water as per MoEFCC guidelines. The quality of groundwater was compared with IS: 10500 for drinking purposes. Grab water samples were collected from locations in a 5 litre sampling bottles and 250 ml sterilized clean glass/pet bottle for complete physio-chemical and bacteriological tests respectively. The samples were analysed as per standard procedure/method given in IS: 3025, IS: 1622 and Standard Method for Examination of Water and Wastewater Ed.20, published jointly by APHA and AWWA.

Surface water quality

The result of surface water quality monitoring at two locations are given in Table 5.12. The surface water was compared with CPCB discharge standard for aquatic resources which is given in Table 5.13.

Table 5.12 Surface Water Quality observed during the monitoring Period

S. N. Test Parameters Units Method SW1

<5.0 1 Color CU APHA 2120 C

2 pH @ 26.5oC - APHA 4500H+ B 8.23 3 Turbidity NTU APHA 2130 B <5.0 Oil & Grease mg/L 4 APHA 5520 B <10 5 Electrical Conductivity Ǎ0KRFP APHA 2510 – B 1112.0 6 Total Dissolved solids mg/L APHA 2540 C 667.0 Total Suspended Solids 12.0 7 mg/L APHA 2540 D 8 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L APHA 2320 B 141.40 9 Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L APHA 2340 C 122.40 10 Calcium as Ca mg/L APHA 3500 Ca B 16.35 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/L APHA 3500-Mg B 19.82 APHA 4500 Cl- 12 Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 120.81 C

APHA 4500 SO4 13 Sulphates as SO4 mg/L 149.82 D

APHA 4500 NO3 14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L <1.0 B

15 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L APHA 4500 O - C 5.50 16 Fluoride as F mg/L APHA 4500F- D 1.18 17 Iron as Fe mg/L APHA 3500 Fe B <0.3

18 Lead as Pb mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.1

19 Manganese as Mn mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.5

20 Cadmium as Cd mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.1

21 Chromium as Cr mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.5

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 98

S. N. Test Parameters Units Method SW1

22 Zinc as Zn mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.2

Chemical Oxygen 23 mg/L APHA 5220 B 17.28 Demand 24 Copper as Cu mg/L APHA 3111 B 0.2

25 Phosphorus as P mg/L APHA 4500 PC <1.0 Biochemical Oxygen 26 Demand mg/L IS : 3025 (P-44) <4.0 (3 Days at 27OC) 218.24 27 Salinity* mg/L APHA 2520,B APHA 4500 CN- 28 Cyanide as CN-* mg/L C, E <0.05 Phenolic Compounds as 29 Phenols* mg/L APHA 5530 D <0.001 30 Total Coliform* MPN/100ml APHA 9221B Absent 31 Faecal Coliform* MPN/100ml APHA 9221 B Absent

32 Mercury as Hg* mg/L APHA 3112 B <0.001 Source: Primary baseline data

Table 5.13 Primary Water Quality Criteria for Designated-Best-Use-Classes

Designated-Best- Category Criteria Description Use Drinking A Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less Water Source pH between 6.5 and 8.5 without Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more conventional Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less treatment but after disinfection Outdoor bathing B Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less (Organized) pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less Drinking water C Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less source after pH between 6 to 9 conventional Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more treatment and Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less disinfection Propagation of D pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Wild life and Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Fisheries Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, E pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Industrial Cooling, Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Max.2250 Controlled Waste Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 disposal Boron Max. 2mg/l Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria Source: CPCB

As per the CPCB primary water quality criteria for the surface water resources are falls under Category C.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 99

The Ground water quality for the three locations mentioned in Table 5.11 has been elaborated below (Table 5.14)

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 100

Table 5.14 Groundwater Quality observed during the monitoring Period

SN. Parameter Unit Method GW1 GW2 GW3 IS 10500 Limits IS 10500 Limits (Acceptable) (Permissible) 1 Color CU APHA 2120 C <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5 25 APHA 4500H+ 8.5 2 pH @ 26.2oC - 8.38 8.23 8.21 6.5 B

3 Turbidity NTU APHA 2130 B <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 1 5 4 Oil & Grease mg/L APHA 5520 B <10 <10 <10 Not Specified Not Specified 5 Electrical Conductivity Ǎ0KRFP APHA 2510 - B 1225 6149 5241 Not Specified Not Specified 6 Total Dissolved solids mg/L APHA 2540 C 735 3689 3144 500 2000

7 Total Suspended Solids mg/L APHA 2540 D <10 <10 <10 Not Specified Not Specified

8 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L APHA 2320 B 333.3 474.70 797.90 200 600

9 Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L APHA 2340 C 275.40 795.60 510.0 200 600 APHA 3500 Ca 10 Calcium as Ca mg/L 49.05 81.76 77.67 75 200 B APHA 3500- 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 37.17 143.75 76.83 30 100 Mg B APHA 4500 Cl- 12 Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 115.77 442.98 437.94 250 1000 C APHA 4500 13 Sulphates as SO4 mg/L 51.45 1701.96 521.08 200 400 SO4 D APHA 4500 14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 8.58 19.72 73.90 45 100 NO3 B APHA 4500F- 15 Fluoride as F mg/L 1.44 1.91 1.58 1.0 1.5 D APHA 3500 Fe 16 Iron as Fe mg/L 0.53 0.63 1.19 0.3 1.0 B APHA 3500 Cr 17 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.05 B 18 Zinc as Zn mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.2 0.24 0.76 5 15 Chemical Oxygen 19 mg/L <5.0 19.20 17.28 Not Specified Not Specified Demand APHA 5220 B

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 101

SN. Parameter Unit Method GW1 GW2 GW3 IS 10500 Limits IS 10500 Limits (Acceptable) (Permissible) Biochemical Oxygen 20 mg/L <4.0 <4.0 <4.0 Not Specified Not Specified Demand (3 Days at 27OC) IS : 3025 (P-44)

APHA 4500 O - 21 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5.4 5.3 5.4 Not Specified Not Specified C Salinity 209.14 209.14 791.16 22 mg/L APHA 2520,B Not Specified Not Specified 23 Lead as Pb mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.05

24 Manganese as Mn mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.3 25 Cadmium as Cd mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/L APHA 3111 B <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 1.5 APHA 4500 27 Cyanide as CN- mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.05 CN- C, E

28 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Mercury as Hg mg/L APHA 3112 B 0.001 No relaxation APHA 5530 Phenolic Compounds as D 29 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.002 Phenols

APHA 4500 30 Phosphorus as P mg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Not Specified Not Specified PC Shall not be 31 Total Coliform MPN/100ml APHA 9221B Absent Absent Absent ---- detectable in any 100ml sample 32 Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml APHA 9221 B Absent Absent Absent ---- Not Specified Source: Primary baseline data

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 102

Analysis of water samples shows the following:

x pH of the groundwater samples were found in the range of 8.2 to 8.3 and the. Therefore the pH of all the samples was found within prescribed range;

x Total Hardness (as CaCO3) in the groundwater samples of the study area ranges from 275.40 to 795 mg/L. which were above the acceptable and permissible limits of 200 mg/ L and within permissible limit at GW-1 and GW-3 and above the permsible limit of 600 mg/ L at GW-2. A similar trend was observed in the ground water samples when tested for Alkalinity (as CaCO3). x The Total Dissolved solids for all ground water samples had values that ranged from 735 mg/ L to 3144 mg/L which were above the acceptable and permissible limits of 500 mg/L and 2000 mg/L. x Iron was observed to be above the acceptable limit of 0.3 mg/l at GW-1 and GW-2 and above the permissible limit at GW-3. Iron content in the surface water sample was observed to be within limits. x Chlorides was observed to exceed the acceptable limit in GW2 and GW3 locations with 442.9mg/l and 437.9mg/l respectively; x Sulphate was observed to exceed the permissible limit at GW2 and GW3, with the highest values being observed at GW2 i.e. 1701.9 mg/Lwhile nitrate were observed to exceed the desired limit in GW3 location; x GW2 and GW3 ground water samples were reported to have fluoride level that were above the permissible limit at 1.91 mg/l to 1.58 mg/l respectively; x Magnesium was found to be above the acceptable at GW-1 and GW-3 and above permissible limits at GW-2; x Heavy metals, viz. Mercury, Selenium, Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead and Zinc were observed below detectable limits in all samples; and x Faecal coliforms are absent in all ground water samples.

5.4.10 Soil Quality

1 soil sample was collected to assess the composition and properties off the soil, the details of the location have been detailed in Table 5.15. A map showing the location has been presented in Figure 5.21. The soil results are presented in Annex H.

Table 5.15 Details of soil sampling location

S.N Location Station Zone Easting Northing Type of Justification for Code (mE) (mN) Sample Location of Sample Soil sample 1 Thagguparthy So1 43 P 737245.06 1628964.06 Soil used Soil sample that Village primarily has been for the periodically used purpose of for the purpose

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 103

S.N Location Station Zone Easting Northing Type of Justification for Code (mE) (mN) Sample Location of Sample agriculture of cultivating crops has been used in this assessment. Note: The Coordinates have been presented in the UTM Format

The analysis of soil has been provided in in Table 5.16,

Table 5.16 Analysis report of the soil sample (So1)

S. N. Test Parameters Unit Method Result

- IS 2720 (Part 26)-1987 1 pH (RA:2002) 8.16 2 Moisture % IS 9235-1979 3.11 3 % IS 2720 (part 22)- 1972 Organic Carbon (RA:2010) 0.85 4 mg/kg STIDA and Available Calcium as Ca CGI 5610.66 5 mg/kg STIDA and Available Magnesium and Mg CGI 1591.49 6 mg/kg STIDA and Available Nitrogen as N CGI 56.55 7 mg/kg STIDA and Available Phosphates as P CGI 50.33 8 Available Potassium as K mg/kg FAO 2007 279.79 9 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Cadmium as Cd 7130 <10 10 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Chromium as Cr 7190 32.38 11 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Nickel and Ni 7520 80.87 12 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Lead as Pb 7420 <10 13 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Copper 7210 32.66 14 mg/kg SW-846 3050B and Zinc as Zn 7950 104.83 Source: Primary baseline data

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 104

Figure 5.21 Map showing the soil sampling location in the Project AoI

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 105

5.5 ECOLOGICAL BASELINE

An ecological survey was undertaken from 03-05 May 2016 at the Belluguppa wind farm and surrounding areas located in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh to understand and establish the ecological baseline of the study areas and to understand impacts of the Project on species and habitats in surrounding areas. To conduct the survey, a core and buffer zone was delineated, so that the magnitude of the impact on ecological receptors can be established at a later stage of the ESIA process. The determined core and buffer zone is as follows:

x Core Zone: 500 m radius from each of the proposed WTG location; and x Buffer Zone: 5 km radius from each of the proposed WTG location.

The above core and buffer zones have been standardized based on multiple wind farm ecological assessments carried out by ERM in the last few years.

5.5.1 Objectives

The ecological surveys were conducted with following objectives:

Flora

Identification of sensitive habitats, and forest land falling within the determined study areas (core + buffer zone); Classification of flora for any threatened, protected or endemic floral species prevailing in the study areas (including wind farm) based on field surveys; Identification of areas protected under international conventions, national or local legislation and those recognized nationally and internationally for their ecological, landscape, cultural or other related value; and Identification of aquatic flora in the water bodies falling in the study areas.

Fauna

Identification of fauna (specifically amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles) based on direct sightings, calls, pug marks, droppings, nests, etc.; Identification and classification of any species recognized as threatened (in accordance with the IUCN Red List V 2016.1 and according to the schedules of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 and amendments); Identification of areas which are important or sensitive for ecological reasons including their breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering areas including wildlife migratory corridors /avian migratory routes; and Identification and assessment of aquatic ecological resources within the study areas.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

106

5.5.2 Study area

The vegetation of the area is classified as Southern Tropical Thorn Forest 6A/C1 as per Champion and Seth Vegetation Classification, 1968 (1). The vegetation classification of the Study areas is provided in Table 5.17 below.

Table 5.17 Vegetation Classification of the Region

Classification Scheme Classification Biogeographic Province of India (2) 6E: Deccan Peninsula-Deccan South Agro Ecological Sub Region 1 Karnataka plateau Rayalaseema as inclusive (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Agro Ecological Sub Region (3.0) Agro-Climatic Region 1 Southern Plateau and Hills Region (X) (Planning Commission) Agro Climatic Zone 1 Scare rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh (AP-6) (National Agricultural Research Project) Source: 1 http://agricoop.nic.in/Admin_Agricoop/Uploaded_File/AP14-Anantapur%2031.1.2011.pdf

Map of the study area is provided in Figure 5.22

Figure 5.22 Map of the Study Area

Source: Google Earth. Accessed on 04/07/2016

5.5.3 Approach and Methodology

The study area primarily consists of agricultural areas, scrub forest and waterbodies. Waterbodies listed in Table 5.18 were surveyed in the study area in order to assess mass resting/ roosting/ feeding sites for water/migratory birds likely to use the habitats.

(1) Champion H. & Seth S.K., 1968, A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India, Nataraj Publishers, Dehradun, India. (2) Rodgers, W.A., Panwar, H.S. and Mathur, V. B. (2002). Wildlife Protected Area Network in India: A Review (Executive summary). Wildlife Institute of India. Dehradun.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

107

Table 5.18 Water bodies surveyed in the study area

SN. Code Water Body Latitude Longitude Location Water Present 1 W1 Jeedipalli Reservoir 14.692439° 77.267473° Buffer Yes 2 W2 Kanekallu Tank 14.795398° 77.062467° Buffer Yes Note: The Coordinates have been presented in the Degree Decimal Format

Faunal Analysis

Faunal species from the study areas were recorded based on direct sightings, indirect evidences such as dung, droppings, scats, pugmarks, scratch signs, burrows, nests etc. The species occurring within the study area were surveyed using the below methods:

Amphibians

Amphibians are often restricted to natural and constructed ponds during the hottest parts of the day (1). All such water bodies were visited during the hottest parts of the day to determine the presence of amphibians along the shaded ledges of the water body.

Reptiles Reptile presence was determined through the use of Intensive Time Constrained Search Methods (2) (3). The method was adapted for the terrain by targeting rocks and logs located around water bodies or recently dried streams, hedges and along the trunks of higher vegetation.

Avifauna

An adapted avifaunal survey method for onshore wind farm assessments was utilized for the purpose of this study (4). The adapted survey method focuses on key habitat features, preferred time of day to ensure maximum bird activity and target species (e.g. birds of prey and waterfowl). Any avifaunal species that was identified by visually sighting or hearing of bird calls was recorded. Birds were identified along motorable roads, around water bodies and in clumps of higher vegetation during the hottest parts of the day. Binoculars and standard field guides (5) were used for avifaunal identification.

(1) Knutson et. al. 2004. Agricultural ponds support amphibian populations. Ecological Applications. 14 (3): 669-684 (2) Welsh, H.H., jr. 1987. Monitoring herpetofauna in woodlands of north western California and south west Oregon: a comparative strategy. Pp. 203-213. In. Multiple – Use Management of Califirnia’s hardwood resources. T.R. Plumb, N.H. Pillisbury (eds. Gen. Tech. Regional Environmental Planning. PSW – 100) US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. (3) Welsh, H.H. Jr. and Lind, A. 1991. The structure of the herpetofaunal assemblage in the Douglas-fir/hardwood forests of northwestern California and south western Oregon. Pp: 395-411. In: Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. (Tech. Coords). L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, A.B. Carey and M.H. Huff. Ge. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-285. Portland, OR: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. (4) Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH). 2014. Recommended bird survey methods to inform impact assessment of onshore wind farms. (5) Grimmet, R. Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T. 2013. Birds of the Indian Subcontinent - Second Edition. Published by Christopher Helm, 49-51 Bedford Square, London.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

108

Mammals

Mammal surveys were conducted along motorable roads, near water bodies and in grassy terrain. Individuals were identified through direct (visual sighting) and indirect (pellets, tracks, paw marks and scat) methods. Species were then identified using standard literature (1) (2).

Secondary Sources

Secondary literature from published books and research publications were also consulted for the flora and fauna of the study area. The conservation status of the species was assessed by referring to the IUCN Red List V 2016.1, and, the schedules of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 [IWP] and subsequent amendments.

5.5.4 Floral Assessment

The habitats in the core and buffer zone include agricultural land, isolated hillocks and water bodies. The vegetation associated with these habitats is described below and shown in Figure 5.23.

Agricultural Land

The crops in the agricultural fields consisted of Rice (Oryza sativa), Groundnut (Arachis hypogea), Banana (Musa sp.), Corn (Zeea mays), Papaya (Carica papaya), Castor (Ricinus communis), Palm Oil (Elaeis oleifera) and Lemon (Glycine max) orchards. Acacia sp., Albizzia sp., Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa, Ficus sp., Prosopis cineraria, Tamarindus indica, Eucalyptus sp., Albizia saman, Millettia pinnata, Cocos nucifera, Delonix regia, Moringa oleifera and Dalbergia sp. were the trees observed in the study area. Argemone mexicana, Calotropis sp., Capparis decidua, Cassia auriculata, Opuntia sp., Agave sp. and Lantana camara were the shrubs observed in the study area. The weed, Parthenium hysterophorus and the palm, Borassus flabellifer was present in the study area.

Scrub Forests

Scrub vegetation is restricted to the hillocks that constitute the Beluguppa Reserved Forest, which lies in the Core Zone of the project area. Two WTG's - BLG-007 and BLG-021 fall within 250 and 180 meters of the Belluguppa Reserve Forest respectively, and, 2 WTG's - BLG-022 and BLG-008 lie at a distance of 770 meters from the Belluguppa Reserve Forest.

Water Bodies

(1) Prater, S.H. 2005. The Book of Indian Animals. Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press - 12th Edition. pp 316 (2) Menon, V. 2003. A field guide to Indian Mammals. Dorling Kindersley (India) Ltd. New Delhi, 201 p

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

109

Two waterbodies, the Jeedipalli Reservoir and the Kanekallu Tank were surveyed. The Kanekallu Tank had thick stands of Ipomea sp. The closest WTG to the Jeedipalli Reservoir is BLG-163, located at a bearing of 105.04 degrees and a distance of 5.07 km. The closest WTG to the Kanekallu Tank is BLG-014, located at a bearing of 335.86 degrees and a distance of 4.45 km.

Figure 5.23 Habitat surveyed in the Study Area

Jeedipalli Reservoir Agricultural Land

Scrub vegetation in the Beluguppa Reserved Dried up Kanekallu Tank Forest Source: Site and surrounding areas survey by ERM during the site visit

5.5.5 Faunal Assessment

Faunal assessment was carried out using methods described above (Section 6.5.3) for each of the target class of animals – amphibians, reptiles, avifauna and mammals. As shown in Table 5.19, this involved maximizing the early morning hours to locate birds and mammals when they are expected to be most active. The mid-morning hours involved random searching of shelters for amphibian and reptile presence and opportunistic sightings of birds and mammals.

Table 5.19 Time utilization for ecology assessment

Time Targeted Habitats Targeted Class of Animals Early Morning In and around water bodies Birds and mammals (0600-1000 hours) Mid-Morning Agricultural fields, rocky Amphibians, reptiles and birds (1000-1300 hours) terrain, tree clusters, dried streams and scrubland.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

110

Amphibians

Five species are reported from the study area. None of the species bear any conservational significance. The details of the species are given in Table 5.20.

Table 5.20 Amphibians reported from the study area

SN. Common Name Scientific Name Family Sourc WPA IUCN e Schedul Statu e s 1 Common Indian Duttaphrynus Bufonidae SS Not LC Toad melanostictus listed 2 Indian Skipper Frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Dicroglossida SS Not LC e listed 3 Painted Frog Kaloula pulchra Microhylidae SS Not LC listed 4 Indian Pond Frog Euphlyctis hexadactylus Dicroglossida SS Not LC e listed 5 Indian Bull Frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Dicroglossida SS Not LC e listed Notes: LC-Least Concern; PS-Primary Survey; CC-Community Consultation; SS-Secondary Source

Reptiles

Eleven species are reported from the study area. The Python (Python molorus) and Russel’s Viper (Daboia russelii) are listed respectively in Schedule’s I and II of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The Python (Python molorus) is categorized as Near Threatened (NT) as per IUCN Red List V 2016.1. The details of reptiles are given in Table 5.21.

Table 5.21 Reptiles reported from the study area

SN. English / Scientific Name Family Sources WPA IUCN Status Popular Name Schedule 1 Python Python molurus Pythonidae SS I NT 2 Russel's viper Daboia russelii Viperidae SS II LC 3 Saw-scaled viper Echis carinata Viperidae SS IV Not assessed 4 Rat snake Ptyas mucosa Colubridae SS IV Not assessed 5 Star Tortoise Geochelone Testudinidae SS IV VU elegans 6 Flat tailed Gecko Hemidactylus Gekkonidae SS Not listed Not assessed platyurus 7 Brooke's Gecko Hemidactylus Gekkonidae SS Not listed Not assessed brooki 8 Spotted Rock Hemidactylus Gekkonidae SS Not listed LC Gecko maculatus 9 Keeled Grass Eutropis carinata Scincidae SS Not listed LC Skink 10 Indian Garden Calotes versicolor Agamidae SS Not listed Not assessed Lizard 11 Peninsular Rock Psammophilus Agamidae SS Not listed LC Agama dorsalis Notes: LC-Least Concern, SS-Secondary Sources; PS-Primary Survey; CC-Community Consultation

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

111

Avifauna

A total of 59 bird species were recorded in the study area, out of which 28 species were aquatic and 31 species were terrestrial. One species, the Black- bellied Tern (Sterna acuticauda) is listed as Endangered (EN), and, four species, the Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), Darter (Anhinga melanogaster), Red-necked Falcon (Falco chicquera), and River Tern (Sterna aurantia) are listed as Near Threatened (NT) as per the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species V 2016.1. Four species, the Black shouldered Kite (Elanus axillaris), Red-necked Falcon (Falco chicquera), Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus) and Shikra (Accipiter badius) are listed under Schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and amendments, and are accorded the highest protection. Observed avifaunal species from the study area are shown in Figure 5.24 and listed in Table 5.22.

Figure 5.24 Avifaunal Species observed in the Study Area

Ashy-crowned Sparrow-lark Ashy Prinia Black-bellied Tern

Black-headed Ibis Black Ibis Brahminy Kite

Brahminy Starling Black-shouldered Kite Black-winged Stilt

Cattle Egret Common Babbler Common Coot

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

112

Collared Dove Common Myna Great Cormorant

Coucal Darter Grey Francolin

Grey Heron Glossy Ibis Common Crow

Indian Courser Indian Pond Heron Indian Roller

Indian Silverbill Laughing Dove Little Egret

Little Grebe Large-grey Babbler Openbill

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

113

Pied Bushchat Pied Kingfisher Purple Sunbird

Red-headed Falcon River Tern Rufous-tailed Lark

Red-wattled Lapwing Spot-billed Duck Small-green Bee-eater

Shikra White-breasted Kingfisher White-breasted Waterhen

Lesser Whistling-duck Yellow-billed Babbler Yellow-wattled Lapwing Source: Site and surrounding areas survey by ERM during the site visit

Table 5.22 Avifaunal Species observed in the Study Area

Common Scientific Migratory WPA , SN Family Habitats IUCN Name Name Status 1972 Ashy crowned Eremopterix 1 Alaudidae R T LC IV Sparrow Lark griseus 2 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis Cisticolidae R T LC IV 3 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae M T LC IV Black- 4 Elanus axillaris Accipitridae R T LC I shouldered Kite

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

114

Common Scientific Migratory WPA , SN Family Habitats IUCN Name Name Status 1972 Black winged Himantopus 5 Recurvirostridae R A LC IV Stilt himantopus Black-headed Threskiornis 6 Threskiornithidiae R A NT IV Ibis melanocephalus Brahminy Sturnus 7 Sturnidae R T LC IV Starling pagodarum 8 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae R A LC IV Common Turdoides 9 Timaliidae R T LC IV Babbler caudata 10 Common Coot Fulica atra Rallidae M A LC IV Acridotheres 11 Common Myna Sturnidae R T LC IV tristis Anhinga 12 Darter Anhingidae R A NT IV melanogaster Eurasian Streptopelia 13 Columbidae R T LC IV Collared Dove decaocto Eurasian Anastomus 14 Ciconiidae R A LC IV Openbill oscitans Plegadis 15 Glossy Ibis Threskiornithidiae R,M A LC IV falcinellus Great Phalacrocorax 16 Phalacrocoracidae R A LC IV Cormorant carbo Great White 17 Ardea alba Ardeidae R A LC IV Egret Centropus 18 Greater Coucal Cuculidae R T LC IV sinensis 19 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae R T LC IV Blue-faced Phaenicophaeus 20 Cuculidae R T LC IV Malkoha viridirostris Francolinus 21 Grey Francolin Phasianidae R T LC IV pondicerianus 22 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Ardeidae R A LC IV Corvus 23 House Crow Corvidae R T LC V splendens Passer 24 House Sparrow Passeridae R T LC IV domesticus Indian Phalacrocorax 25 Phalacrocoracidae R A LC IV Cormorant fuscicollis Cursorius 26 Indian Courser Glareolidae R T LC IV coromandelicus Indian Jungle Corvus 27 Corvidae R T LC IV Crow macrorhynchos Eudynamys 28 Indian Koel Cuculidae R T LC IV scolopaceus Indian Pond 29 Ardeola grayii Ardeidae R A LC IV Heron Saxicoloides 30 Indian Robin Muscicapidae R T LC IV fulicatus Coracias 31 Indian Roller Coraciidae R T LC IV benghalensis Indian Lonchura 32 Estrildidae R T LC IV Silverbill malabarica Intermediate Mesophoyx 33 Ardeidae R A LC IV Egret intermedia 34 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus Accipitridae R A LC I Large-grey Turdoides 35 Leiothrichidae R T LC IV Babbler malcolmi Spilopelia 36 Laughing Dove Columbidae R T LC IV senegalensis Lesser Dendrocygna 37 Anatidae R A LC IV Whistling Duck javanica

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

115

Common Scientific Migratory WPA , SN Family Habitats IUCN Name Name Status 1972 Little 38 Microcarbo niger Phalacrocoracidae R A LC IV Cormorant 39 Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae R A LC IV Tachybaptus 40 Little Grebe Podicipedidae R A LC IV ruficollis Pseudibis Threskiornithidae R A 41 Black Ibis LC IV papillosa Black-bellied Sterna 42 Laridae R A EN IV Tern acuticauda 43 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae R T LC IV 44 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Alcedinidae R A LC IV Nectarinia 45 Purple Sunbird Nectariniidae R T LC IV asiatica Red-necked 46 Falco chicquera Falconidae R T NT I Falcon Red-vented 47 Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae R T LC IV Bulbul Red-wattled 48 Vanellus indicus Charadriidae R A LC IV Lapwing Red-Rumped 49 Cecropis daurica Hirundinidae R T LC IV Swallow 50 River Tern Sterna aurantia Sternidae R A NT IV 51 Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae R T LC IV Rufous Tailed Ammomanes 52 Alaudidae R T LC IV Lark phoenicura 53 Shikra Accipiter badius Accipitridae R T LC I Spot-billed Anas 54 Anatidae M A LC IV Duck poecilorhyncha White Throated Halcyon 55 Halcyonidae R A LC IV Kingfisher smyrnensis White-breasted Amaurornis 56 Rallidae R A LC IV Waterhen akool White-browed Motacilla 57 Motacillidae R A LC IV Wagtail madaraspatensis Yellow-billed 58 Turdoides affinis Timaliidae R T LC IV Babbler Yellow-wattled Vanellus 59 Charadriidae R A LC IV Lapwing malarbaricus Migratory Status: R- Resident, M-Migrant; IUCN: EN- Endangered, NT-Near Threatened, LC-Least Concern; WPA, 1972 (Indian Wildlife Protection Act -1972): Schedule – I, IV; Habitats: A-Aquatic, T- Terrestrial

The Jeddipalli Reservoir supports large numbers of aquatic congregatory species, such as cormorants and Oriental Darters. In the Kanekallu Tank, large numbers of egrets, ibis’es and herons were observed. The observed congregation of birds is shown in Figure 5.25 below.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

116

Figure 5.25 Congregation of aquatic birds in the study area

Cormorants and Oriental Darters resting in the Jeedipalli Reservoir. Wind turbines can be seen in the background.

A mixed flock of egrets, herons and ibis’es in the Kanekallu Tank Source: Site and surrounding areas survey by ERM during the site visit, May 2016.

An earlier study conducted by ERM in the area in the migratory season (December 2013 & January 2014) documented 47 additional bird species, which are shown in Table 5.23 below. From this survey, 11 aquatic and 10

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

117

migratory species were recorded. One species, the Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala) is listed as Near Threatened (NT) as per the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species V 2016.1. Seven species; the Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Oriental Honey Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus), White-eyed Buzzard (Butastur teesa), Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax), Short-toed Snake Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela) and Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) are listed under Schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and amendments, and are accorded the highest protection.

Table 5.23 Avifaunal Species recorded in the Study Area

Migratory WPA , SN Common Name Scientific Name Family Habitats IUCN Status 1972 1 Rosy Starling Pastor roseus Sturnidae M T LC IV Whiskered Tern Chlidonias Sternidae M A LC IV 2 hybrida Bar Headed Anser indicus Anatidae M A LC IV 3 Goose Painted Stork Mycteria Ciconiidae R A NT IV 4 leucocephala 5 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Ardeidae R A LC IV 6 Black Kite Milvus migrans Accipitridae R T LC I Indian Eagle Bubo bengalensis Strigidae R T LC IV 7 Owl Common Falco Falconidae M T LC IV 8 Kestrel tinnunculus Long tailed Lanius schach Laniidae R T LC IV 9 Shrike Black Crowned Nycticorax Ardeidae R A LC IV 10 Night Heron nycticorax Oriental Honey Pernis Accipitridae R T LC I 11 Buzzard ptilorhynchus White Eyed Butastur teesa Accipitridae R T LC I 12 Buzzard 13 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax Accipitridae R T LC I Short -Toed Circaetus gallicus Accipitridae R T LC I 14 Snake Eagle Crested Serpent Spilornis cheela Accipitridae R T LC I 15 Eagle Yellow legged Turnix tanki Turnicidae R T LC IV 16 Buttonquail 17 Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus Phasianidae R T LC I Wood Tringa glareola Scolopacidae M A LC IV 18 Sandpiper Green Tringa ochropus Scolopacidae M A LC IV 19 Sandpiper Common Snipe Gallinago Scolopacidae M A LC IV 20 gallinago Red collared Streptopelia Columbidae R T LC IV 21 Dove tranquebarica Spotted Dove Spilopelia Columbidae R T LC IV 22 chinensis Rose ringed Psittacula Psittaculidae R T LC IV 23 Parakeet krameri Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus Caprimulgidae R T LC IV 24 asiaticus

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

118

Migratory WPA , SN Common Name Scientific Name Family Habitats IUCN Status 1972 Jungle Owlet Glaucidium Strigidae R T LC IV 25 radiatum Asian Palm Cypsiurus Apodidae R T LC IV 26 Swift balasiensis 27 House Swift Apus nipalensis Apodidae R T LC IV Common Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae R T LC IV 28 Kingfisher Common Upupa epops Upupidae R T LC IV 29 Hoopoe Coppersmith Megalaima Megalaimidae R T LC IV 30 Barbet haemacephala Indian Grey Ocyceros birostris Bucerotidae R T LC IV 31 Hornbill Black-naped Oriolus chinensis Oriolidae R T LC IV 32 Oriole 33 Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula Alaudidae R T LC IV Black Drongo Dicrurus Dicruridae R T LC IV 34 macrocercus Red Whiskered Pycnonotus Pycnonotidae R T LC IV 35 Bulbul jocosus Red Throated Ficedula albicilla Muscicapidae R T LC IV 36 Flycatcher 37 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis Cisticolidae R T LC IV Common Tailor Orthotomus Cisticolidae R T LC IV 38 Bird sutorius Oriental Magpie Copsychus Muscicapidae R T LC IV 39 Robin saularis 40 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus Motacillidae R T LC IV Purple rumped Leptocoma Nectariniidae R T LC IV 41 Sunbird zeylonica 42 White Wagtail Motacilla alba Motacillidae R T LC IV Green-billed Phaenicophaeus Cuculidae R T LC IV 43 Malkoha tristis Ruddy Tadorna Anatidae M A LC IV 44 Shelduck ferruginea Northern Anas clypeata Anatidae M A LC IV 45 Shoveler Western Yellow Motacilla flava Motacillidae R T LC IV 46 Wagtail Western Reef Egretta gularis Ardeidae M A LC IV 47 Heron

Mammals

Twelve mammals are reported from the study area. One species, the Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) is classified as Endangered (EN), and, one species, the Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), is classified as Near Threatened (NT) as per the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species V 2016.1. Both the Indian Pangolin and Blackbuck are listed in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and amendments, and are accorded the highest protection. Solitary blackbuck males were observed twice in different locations and a blackbuck group were observed once, as shown in Figure 5.26 below.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

119

Table 5.24 Details of Mammals recorded from the Study area

SN. English Name Scientific Name Family Source WPA IUCN Schedule Status 1 Jackal Canis aureus Canidae SS II LC 2 Common Fox Vulpes bengalensis Canidae SS II LC 3 Wild boar Sus scrofa Suidae SS III LC 4 Spotted Deer Axis axis Cervidae SS III LC 5 Bonnet Macaque Macaca radiate Cercopithecidae SS II LC 6 Common Langur Semnopithecus entellus Cercopithecidae SS II LC 7 Blackbuck Antelope cervicapra Bovidae SS I NT 8 Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata Manidae SS I EN 9 Indian Grey Herpestes edwardsii Herpestidae SS II LC Mongoose 10 Jungle Cat Felis chaus Felidae SS II LC 11 Five Striped Funambulus pennantii Sciuridae SS IV LC Squirrel 12 Black-naped Hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae SS IV LC Notes: IUCN-International Union for Conservation of Nature, WPA-Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, LC- Least Concern, NT- Near Threatened, EN-Endangered; SS-Secondary Sources

Figure 5.26 Blackbuck observed in the study area

A blackbuck group A solitary blackbuck male

A solitary blackbuck male Source: Site and surrounding areas survey by ERM during the site visit, May 2016.

5.5.6 Protected Areas

No protected areas occur within 5 kilometres of the WTG locations.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

120

5.5.7 Migratory Routes

The Central Asian Flyway (CAF) used by migratory ducks and birds lies over the study area, as can be seen in Figure 5.27 below. 12 migratory birds were recorded and they are likely to use the waterbodies in the study area.

Figure 5.27 Map showing estimated migration routes for Anatidae species in the Central Asian Flyway

Estimated migration routes of Anatidae in the Central Asian Flyway (CAF). Relative use for CAF is displayed in yellow-red. From darkest to lightest, colors represent 50%, 75% and 99% cumulative probability contours. CAF marking sites include Terkiin Tsagaan Lake, Mongolia (TT), Qinghai Lake, China (QL), Chitwan National Park, Nepal (CP), Pong Dam, India (PD), Keoladeo National Park, India (KP), Brahmaputra River, India (BR), Hakaluki Haor, Bangladesh (HH), West Bengal, India (WB), Chilika Lake, India (CL) and Koonthankulam, India (KT). Dotted yellow line represents the CAF flyway outline (1) .

(1) Source: Palm, Eric C., Scott H. Newman, Diann J. Prosser, Xiangming Xiao, Luo Ze, Nyambayar Batbayar, Sivananinthaperumal Balachandran, and John Y. Takekawa. "Mapping migratory flyways in Asia using dynamic Brownian bridge movement models." Movement ecology.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

121

5.6 SOCIO ECONOMIC BASELINE

This section presents socio economic baseline of the study area for the OUWPPL project which is being developed by Suzlon.

5.6.1 Study Area

The area of up to 5 km distance from the project boundary (windfarm area) has been demarcated as study area for both projects by considering the extent of project impact in terms of noise, shadow flicker, water resources, human settlement, cultural heritage sites, location of labour sites, location of the access roads, common property resources etc. besides considering the actual land area which is acquired/proposed to be acquired for both the project and its utilities footprints.

The study area is further bifurcated into the core zone and buffer zone. The core zone covers the surrounding distance up to 1 km from the wind farm area. The buffer zone consists of the area at 4 km ahead of the core zone, covering project components such as pooling substation, transmission line, scrap yard and switching substation etc. From the toposheets, it was observed that there are 23 villages in the study area, of which six are in the core zone and the remaining in buffer.

Map of the study area for these projects is presented in Figure 1.2.

5.6.2 Approach and Methodology

The socio-economic baseline for this project has been developed on the basis of a combination of a secondary literature review, as well as the inferences drawn from the consultations with different stakeholders including the local community.

Review of secondary information

A review and assessment of the available secondary data and information for the study area was undertaken in order to substantiate and corroborate the understanding gained through stakeholder consultations, understand the performance of the area on socio-economic parameters as well as allow for a comparative assessment of the project area vis-à-vis the block and district level socio economic baseline information. For the purpose of the desk based assessment, following documents and literature have been reviewed:

x Provisional Data, Census of India 2011; x Primary Census Abstract data 2011; x District Statistical Handbook - 2011 for Anantapur District ; x Agriculture census abstract of Beluguppa Mandal;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

122

x Project description and study area related reports in order to understand social sensitivities, if any in the project area; and x Published research papers, articles and other information available in public domain on aspects such as irrigation, drinking water supply system, livelihood pattern, land, local governance and decentralisation, civil society and NGOs as well as economic policies and regional development plans the state is pursuing.

Stakeholder Mapping and consultation

The stakeholders for this project differ in terms of the degree of impact, interest, and influence over the project. The stakeholder mapping and its analysis was conducted with the objective of identifying each stakeholder group; studying their profile, characteristics and the nature of their stakes; gauging their influence on the project; and understanding the specific issues, concerns as well as expectations of each group from the project.

Figure 5.28 Consultation with one of the affected community in Project study area

Source: ERM site visit, May2016

Key groups of stakeholders who were consulted during the study process were local community, panchayat president, panchayat secretary, contractors, daily wagers etc. The consultation process was also undertaken with the aim of informing the stakeholders about the project, its proposed activities, while assessing the awareness levels about the project in the community and simultaneously identifying some of the key issues, concerns and expectations of the community.

Consultations and discussions with the relevant block and district officials, line departments and civil society groups were also conducted so as to gain a better understanding of the developmental and historical context of the area, as well as the development needs of the area in general and of the specific stakeholder groups in particular.

Primary data/information collection

Under this phase consultations were undertaken with the local community, key informants in study area, gram panchayat representatives, local teachers etc. with the objective of building ground level understanding of the

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

123

concerned issues and also gather primary data wherever feasible to support the observations gained through these consultations.

5.6.3 Administrative set up of the Study Area

District Anantapur is administratively managed by 63 Mandals1. Study area for the project falls under Beluguppa Mandal. Administrative linkage of the villages under study areas are presented in Figure 5.29 provided below.

Figure 5.29 Administrative set up of the study areas

Source: Census 2011 Data

Of the 23 villages identified in the toposheet, only 17 could be identified from Census Data, 2011. All the core zone villages come under Beluguppa Mandal. Since 10 villages out of the 17 fall under Beluguppa Mandal, this section focuses only on Beluguppa mandal for Mandal level data. The other villages are distributed across Rayadurga, Kanekal and Guntakal mandals.

5.6.4 Demographic Profile

This section provides a demographic overview of the study area to provide a clear understanding of the socio-economic and cultural context within which the project is located. Table 5.25 broad demographic features of the region wherein project study area is located.

Table 5.25 Demographic profile of the study region

Study region No of Households Total population Sex ratio SC% ST% Population density Decade growth rate Literacy rate Female literacy rate Andhra Pradesh 21022588 8458077 992 16.4 7 308 11.1 67.66 59.74 7 Anantapur district 968160 4081148 977 14.3 3.8 213 12.1 64 54 Beluguppa Mandal 10056 43735 974 19.1 7.9 93 7.9 62 51 Source: Census 2011 Data

1 Mandal/Tehsil is an entity of local government, an administrative centre usually with a number of villages

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

124

Beluguppa Mandal seems to be backward in most of the demographic indicators. Beluguppa Mandal also records a low decadal population growth rate as per 2011 census data compared to population recorded in 2001 census data. Sex ratio is also observed to be low in Beluguppa Mandal at 974 female per thousand male, which is much below the state figure of 992 as per Census 2011 data. The female literacy is also far lower compared to State and District figures at 51%.

In the Human Development Report for Andhra Pradesh 2007, Anantapur ranks 19 among the 23 districts of the State.

Beluguppa Mandal has a significant proportion of Scheduled Castes1 and Scheduled2 Tribes. However, as mentioned in Section 1.1.1, the area does not fall under Schedule V area, as specified in the Indian Constitution.

As per the Handbook of Statistics, only 25 percentage of the Anantapur district has urban population, while Beluguppa Mandal is 100% classified as rural.

Demographic profile of the villages falling under the study area is captured in Table 5.26.

Table 5.26 Demography of the study area villages

Villages No of Households Total population Sex ratio SC% ST% Literacy rate Female literacy rate Core Village Avulenna 317 1422 951 21.7 0.4 56.5 40.0 Beluguppa 1673 7457 953 12.9 21.6 58.8 39.2 Sreerangapuram 764 3432 997 19.9 0.0 50.9 39.9 Thagguparthy 473 2099 997 30.2 0.0 63.4 44.2 Yerragudi 301 1280 1003 31.6 0.0 60.5 41.1 Total 11,911 51,968 984 23.2 4.4 58.0 40.9 (avera (avera (aver (avera (avera ge) ge) age) ge) ge) Buffer Village Ankampalle 772 3095 989 16.3 0.2 50.9 40.1 Brahmanapalle 925 3765 987 14.2 0.0 49.9 39.3 Duddekunta 613 2513 963 25.7 0.0 54.5 40.3 Hanakanahal 688 3309 981 14.9 0.0 58.9 40.0 Kalekurthi 393 1933 945 17.7 0.0 40.7 36.0 Kasapuram 859 3692 982 14.5 0.8 49.3 39.6 Narinjangundlapalle 423 1845 936 23.0 1.9 51.2 38.5

1 The “Scheduled Castes” is the legal and constitutional name collectively given to the groups which have traditionally occupied the lowest status in Indian society and the Hindu religion which provides the religious and ideological basis for an “untouchable” group, which was outside the caste system and inferior to all other castes. 2Article 366 (25) defined scheduled tribes as "such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this constitution".

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

125

Villages No of Households Total population Sex ratio SC% ST% Literacy rate Female literacy rate Ramapuram 505 1972 966 16.2 0.8 45.4 39.4 Ratchumarri 406 1950 1033 19.4 0.0 42.2 41.7 Seerpi 1180 5023 926 22.9 0.4 55.7 39.4 Veparalla 1059 4640 981 17.9 0.0 40.9 40.6 Virupapuram 310 1263 955 51.3 0.1 47.5 39.2 Total 8,133 35,000 970 21.2 1.5 48.9 39.5(av (avera (avera (aver (avera erage) ge) ge) age) ge) Source: Census 2011 Data

Key demographic data of the revenue villages under study area indicates that most villages are less populated with population density of most villages in the study area lower than population density of the corresponding Mandal data.

The local communities in study area are; 1) OC group: Reddy, Kamma, Balija, Brahmin and Vasyas community; 2) BC group: Golla, Korba, Vadde, Cheneta, Gboya, Lingayats, Chakali, Jangama; 3) SC group: Malla, Madhika (Harijan) 4) ST group: Erukola, Tanda

Secondary sources have suggested that the study areas has recorded negative growth rate in their population in the last two census and the key reasons identified during consultations with various stakeholders were decreasing employment opportunities, decreasing agriculture productivity due to decreased monsoon in these areas.

Anantapur district has also been declared as ‘Drought Prone’1 area by government of India for previous many years

Caste and community profile of the study area further reflects that percentage of Scheduled Tribes (ST) population is much lower in the study area

1 The 1962 Irrigation Commission defined a drought-prone area as one which receives less than 10 cm rainfall and even three-fourths of this is not received in 20 per cent or more of the years under consideration; or an area in which 30 per cent or less of the total cropped area is irrigated. It is difficult to provide a precise and universally accepted definition of drought due to its varying characteristics and impacts across different regions such as rainfall patterns, human response and resilience etc. Drought is a normal, recurrent feature of climate and occurs in all climatic regimes and is usually characterized in terms of its spatial extension, intensity and duration. Drought causes economic, environmental and social impacts. Ministry of Agriculture is the nodal Ministry in respect of monitoring and managing drought conditions and droughts are classified into meteorological droughts, hydrological droughts and agricultural droughts. x Meteorological drought is classified based on rainfall deficiency w.r.t. long term average – 25% or less is normal, 26- 50% is moderate and more than 50% is severe. x Hydrological drought is best defined as deficiencies in surface and sub-surface water supplies leading to a lack of water for normal and specific needs. Such conditions arise even in times of average (or above average) precipitation when increased usage of water diminishes the reserves. x Agricultural drought is identified by 4 consecutive weeks of meteorological drought, weekly rainfall is 50 mm from 15/5/ to 15/10, 6 such consecutive weeks rest of the year and crop planted is 80% in kharif season. x In India, around 68% of the country is prone to drought in varying degrees. 35% which receives rainfall between 750 mm and 1125 mm is considered drought prone while 33% receiving less than 750 mm is chronically drought prone. http://wrmin.nic.in/forms/list.aspx?lid=312

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

126

compared to Mandal level. The core villages have 4.4% of its population classified as ST while only 1.5% of the population in the buffer villages have been classified as SC. But it is pertinent to note that most villages in the study area do not record any ST population and Beluguppa has the highest proportion of ST population at 21%. The study area also is not classified as a Schedule V area because the population of SC and ST as observed is not significant. Remaining population are further classified into two major groups; BC (Backward Caste) and OC (Other Caste) that is not accounted for in the Census survey of India. In India, division of people among various caste and communities used to be based upon profession of that particular group and this criterion is still observed to be existing locally; however in relatively lower degree.

Social Groups

Religious practices of the study area as per Census 2011 data reflect that 97 percent of the people identified themselves as Hindu. Table 5.27 provides religious bifurcation of people of the study region.

Table 5.27 Religion wise classification of data

Area Total population Hindu Muslim Christian Buddist Sikh Others Religion not stated Jain Jain Anantapur district 3640478 88.59% 10.69% 0.57% 0.03% 0.01% 0.01% 0% 9.75% Beluguppa Mandal 40546 97.61% 2.06% 0.15% 0% 0.01% 0% 0% 0.18% Source: Census 2011 data, Handbook of Statistics, Anantapur district 2011

5.6.5 Education profile

Literacy Profile

Literacy status of the study area villages is presented in Figure 5.30, and it suggests that literacy rate for most of the villages in study area are similar to the literacy rate of Beluguppa Mandal.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

127

Figure 5.30 Literacy profile of the study area villages

Source: Census 2011 Data

Only two villages in the study area, Tagguparthy and Yerragudi have literacy levels over 60%. Thagguparthy is most literate village with 63.4% literacy rate. Female literacy rate is also lower in all the study area villages. From the previous experience of ERM in the area, a general trend of education level attainment in study area as reported during a consultation with the MEO (Mandal Education Officer) is that mostly teenagers drop out after appearing in Secondary School Certificate (SSC) examination and key reasons cited by MEO against this higher drop-out rate were economic conditions of the families as well as lack of quality education. The dropout rate was reported by MEO to be relatively higher among Scheduled Caste and Backward Caste families. Table 5.28 provides trend of students appearing in SSC and Intermediate examination and percentage of successful candidates over five year span.

Table 5.28 SSC and intermediate results of Anantapur district

Boys Girls Appeared Appeared % Passed Appeared Appeared % Passed SSC Results 2006-2007 24565 57.0 46.4% 18533 43.00 64.1% 2007-2008 24094 59.2 81.8% 16624 40.83 85.3% 2008-2009 23924 59.2 88.7% 16508 40.83 96.1% 2009-2010 24290 57.7 94.6% 17794 42.28 96.5% 2010-2011 25639 56.5 87.3% 19714 43.47 89.7% Intermediate Results 2006-2007 11942 57.5 53.6% 8841 42.54 59.6% 2007-2008 11996 57.5 57.3% 8882 42.54 63.7% 2008-2009 12496 54.8 51.4% 10317 45.22 54.6% 2009-2010 13470 54.3 50.1% 11315 45.65 56.3% 2010-2011 12705 54.1 54.6% 10782 45.91 60.3% Source: Handbook of Statistics, Anantapur District

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

128

This table also reflects that number of boys and girls students appearing in Intermediate exams is almost half of the number appeared for SSC level exams. Further percentage of passing intermediate level exam is continuously lower than percentage of passing SSC level exams reflecting poor education quality at this level in the region and inability of the students in general to afford private tutorial classes in order to improve their level of education

Educational Infrastructure

The assessment of education facilities and education promotion programs provided by the government in study area as well as in study region indicates that available education infrastructures in terms of number of schools is not as poor as the literacy status suggests. Number of schools and colleges existing in study region is show in Table 5.29. The information has been obtained from Anantapur district statistical handbook 2011. The tables reflect that number of primary schools is more than number of revenue villages of the three Mandals, indicating that each village is having a primary school in its peripheral boundary. Number of upper primary and high schools are lower; however local education department reported that transportation allowance of INR 1500 per student per annum is provided by the government to students living beyond 3 km from the nearest school.

Table 5.29 Schools facilities in study region total State Govt. StateGovt. Municipality Private aided Private aided CentralGovt. Private un-aided Study region Mandal Parishad Total students Boys % Girls% Primary School Anantapur district 10 2673 179 35 219 3116 226674 50.12% 49.88% Beluguppa 29 2 31 2554 50.12% 49.88% Upper Primary School Anantapur district 1 615 41 2 270 929 138811 52.05% 47.95% Beluguppa 8 1 9 967 51.50% 48.50% High Schools Anantapur district 5 60 388 29 15 177 674 243344 51.00% 49.00% Beluguppa 10 2 12 2520 52.94% 47.06% Junior colleges Anantapur district 51 7 105 163 54123 54.64% 45.36% Beluguppa 1 1 226 60.18% 39.82% Source: Handbook of Statistics, Anantapur District 2011

Local government is also trying to promote education by establishing hostel facilities for marginalised section of the society. Separate hostel facilities for boys and girls for different social group like SC, ST, and BC have been provided. Table 5.30 provides the status of existing hostels in study region which suggests that total 22 hostels for different social groups are there in

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

129

three Mandals. One BC hostel also exists in Y. Ramapuram village which is under project study area.

Table 5.30 Hostel facilities provided by government in study region

Hostel facilities Anantapur Beluguppa district Mandal No 89 1 SC hostel for Boys Strength 7627 60 No 37 0 SC hostel for Girls Strength 3898 0 No 10 ST hostel for Boys Strength 1026 No 7 ST hostel for Girls Strength 780 No 75 2 BC hostel for Boys Strength 10535 355 No 16 BC hostel for Girls Strength 2873 APRES (Residential Schools) No 3 Boys Strength 1602 APRES (Residential Schools) No 13 Girls Strength 5653 Ashram Boys No 1 Strength 110 Ashram Girls No Strength Source: Handbook of Statistics, Anantapur District 2011

Consultations with the local community reported that both boys and girls are encouraged to go to schools, as can be observed from the Table above. Moreover, there was no drop-out rates reported at the villag schools. Local NGOs such as Rural Development Trust is also facilitating the strengthening of education systems in the district by building school infrastructures for Government Schools and establishing alternate study centres for the weak students and also the poor and marginalized sections of the society.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

130

Figure 5.31 A study centre run by RDT in one of the study area village

Source: ERM site visit, May2016

5.6.6 Land Profile

Land Use Classification

The existing land use of the study area as observed during the site visit and stakeholder consultation process, falls under following mentioned categories which are briefly described as follows;

x Built up land: this includes primarily residential structures and other existing structural area; x Crop land: this is inclusive of single kharif crop area and Rabi crop lands; x Double crop land: this includes area wherein double crops are grown in a year; x Agriculture fallow land: this is the category of land which remains temporarily unused with presently no cultivation being done; x Waste Land: this includes scrub land, gullied land and other fallow land and barren land; x Water bodies: area covered under water bodies include pond, canal etc. x Other: other area primarily includes the area covered under agriculture plantation.

Land use classification of the study area villages based on census 2001 data have been captured in the Table 5.31 which is provided below. Land use classification at village level is extracted from Village Directory (VD) Data of Census of India, 2011. The data for only 8 villages were available in the Village Directory.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

131

Table 5.31 Land use classification of villages under study area

Villages Mandal Total Fores Irrigate Unirrigate Culturabl Area not Area t area d Area d area (%) e waste available for (in (%) (%) land (%) cultivation( hectare %) s) Core Villages Belugupp Avulenna a 995 3.3 1.3 91.7 1.9 0.6 Belugupp Beluguppa a 4335 3.6 0.8 90.6 1.4 2.6 Belugupp Sreerangapuram a 2505 0.0 3.0 88.7 0.4 6.7 Belugupp Thagguparthy a 2495 0.0 0.0 18.5 80.5 0.1 Belugupp Yerragudi a 1338 0.0 0.0 95.8 2.1 0.3 Buffer Villages Belugupp Ankampalle a 2019 0 6.3 81.9 2.1 8.7 Belugupp Duddekunta a 2387 0 1.6 94.3 1.8 1.4 Hanakanahal Kanekal 3815 0 0.0 95.0 1.0 2.0 Kalekurthi Kanekal 1493 0 12.2 86.1 0.0 1.7 Narinjangundlapa Belugupp lle a 961 12.8 3.1 79.0 0.8 2.7 Ratchumarri Kanekal 977 0 39.4 38.1 0.0 22.3 Belugupp Seerpi a 3566 0 2.0 87.8 5.1 3.9 Veparalla Raydurga 2794 0 6.3 81.9 2.1 8.7 Source: Village Directory, Census 2011 data

Land use classification based on census 2011 data shows that 83% of land in the study area villages is unirrigated and the same has been confirmed during community consultations that most of the agriculture in the study ismonsoon dependent. The table also reveals that there are no forest land in the core area villages, which supports the case that there are no forest land involved in the project and therefore no forest dependent communities are being affected because of this project. In the buffer area villages, only Narinjangundla village has 12.8% of its land classified as forest area.

Land Holding Pattern

Landholding Census 2005 data for the study region classifies land holders in five categories that are Marginal framers (having land holding upto 1 hectare), Small farmers (having land holding between 1 to 2 hectare), Semi-medium farmers (having land holding between 2 to 4 hectare), Medium farmers (having landholding between 4 to 10 hectares) and Large Farmers (having land holding above 10 hectares). Broad overview of land holding pattern of the project study region based on Landholding Census 2005 is provided in the Table 5.32

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

132

Table 5.32 Land holding pattern of the study region

Land holding category Anantapur Beluguppa Marginal Farmers No of farmers (%) 34.5% 17.6% (< 2.47 acres) Total Area (%) 10.0% 4.4%

Small Farmers No of farmers (%) 31.7% 32.2% (2.47 to 4.93 acres) Total Area (%) 24.1% 17.8%

Semi-Medium Farmers No of farmers (%) 24.6% 32.4% (4.93 to 9.87 acres) Total Area (%) 32.4% 30.5%

Medium Farmers No of farmers (%) 8.1% 15.0% (9.88 to 24.70 acres) Total Area (%) 24.2% 32.7%

Large Farmers No of farmers (%) 1.2% 2.8% DFUHV Total Area (%) 9.4% 14.6% Total number of farmers 657615 11806 Total Area (In Hectare) 3137463 82713.71 Source: Landholdings 2005 Census as captured in Handbook of Statistics, Anantapur District 2011.

Project study area is primarily located in Beluguppa Mandal. Land holding pattern of the Mandals shows that majority famers in these areas are small and semi-medium categories of farmers. This trend of land holdings was also validated through stakeholder consultation process including limited community consultations in the project area. It was noticed that the marginalised section of the villages like people from SC community, BC community are mostly under marginal category. There is significant number of landless families as well in these communities.

5.6.7 Occupation and Livelihood

Agriculture is the mainstay of the local economy of the study area. Cultivators, agriculture labourers constitute significant proportion among the various forms of occupation of the people in study area. Classification of working population of the study region as well as of the study area as per census 2011 data is presented in Figure 5.31.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

133

Table 5.33 Occupational pattern of the villages under study area

Study Region/ Work Main Marginal Non – CL (3) AL (4) HH (5) OW (6) Study Area villages Particip Worker Worker (2 Worker % % % % ation (1) % ) % % Ratio Core Village Avulenna 54.6 52.5 2.1 45.4 24.2 55.7 0.8 19.3 Beluguppa 48.9 35.3 13.6 51.1 23.5 42.5 3.8 30.2 Sreerangapuram 48.8 38.9 9.9 51.2 32.9 57.2 0.7 9.2 Thagguparthy 46.8 37.5 9.3 53.2 48.5 40.9 0.1 10.4 Yerragudi 64.9 64.8 0.1 35.1 17.6 80.2 0.4 1.8 Buffer Village Ankampalle 61.5 46.2 15.3 38.5 53.4 0.1 9.5 15.3 Brahmanapalle 52.7 43.9 8.8 47.3 49.5 0.4 23.5 8.8 Duddekunta 56.3 42.7 13.6 43.7 52.7 2.1 12.9 13.6 Hanakanahal 54.2 47.1 7.1 45.8 44.5 1.5 16.2 7.1 Kalekurthi 58.7 52.7 6.0 41.3 63.3 3.0 11.7 6.0 Kasapuram 60.5 48.0 12.5 39.5 59.0 2.7 30.9 12.5 Narinjangundlapall 62.5 39.3 23.3 37.5 51.4 1.7 24.8 23.3 e Ramapuram 60.5 58.7 1.9 39.5 53.4 0.7 11.9 1.9 Ratchumarri 60.7 44.8 15.9 39.3 48.5 0.6 5.4 15.9 Seerpi 59.4 49.6 9.9 40.6 60.0 2.2 8.4 9.9 Veparalla 62.0 55.5 6.5 38.0 70.4 0.2 7.7 6.5 Virupapuram 49.6 41.6 7.9 50.4 45.6 8.2 35.0 7.9 Source: Census 2011 Data Note: WPR – Work Participation Ratio, CL – Cultivators, AL – Agriculture Labourer, HH – Household Workers, OW – Other Workers.

Work Participation ratio (WPR) that is defined as percentage of total workers including main and marginal workers out of the total population. The average WPR of the study area is observed to be 56.6% which clearly indicates a huge unmet demand for fulfilling economic needs. Sreerangapuram at 46.8% has the lowest WPR among the study area villages.

(1) Main Workers are those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more) (2) Marginal Workers are those workers who have not worked for major portion of reference period (i.e. less than 6 months). (3) Cultivator is person engaged in cultivation of land owned or held from Government or held from private persons or institution for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation includes effective supervision or direction in cultivation. A person who has given out her/his land to another person or persons or institution for cultivation for money, kind or share of crop and who does not even supervise or direct cultivation in exchange of land, is not treated as cultivator. Similarly, a person working on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or a combination of both (agricultural labourer) are not treated as cultivator. (4) A person who works on another person’s land for wages in money, or kind or share is regarded as agriculture labourer. He or she has no risk in the cultivation, but merely works on another person’s land for wages. An agriculture labourer has no right of lease or contract on which she or he works. (5) Household industry is defined as an industry being run by one or more member of a household at home or within village in rural areas and only within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The larger proportion of workers in the household industry consists of members of household. The industry is not run on the scale of a registered factory which would qualify or has to be registered under the Indian Factories Act. (6) All workers i.e. those who have engaged in some economic activity during the last one year, but are not cultivators or agriculture labourers or in household industry are 'Other Workers’.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

134

Figure 5.32 Distribution of main working population in the study area

Other noticeable aspects (as evident in the Table 5.33) is that proportion of Agriculture Labourer (AL) is relatively high in all the study area villages. On an average almost a third of the main workers are cultivators, while 53 percent of main workers in the study area are agricultural labourers. . Cropping Pattern, Intensity and Productivity

As seen in the above sections, economy of the district and the study area is principally agrarian with almost nil industrial sector. Anantapur receives very less rainfall due to its location in the rain shadow area of Indian Peninsula and the average annual rainfall is about 550 mm.

Agrarian Crisis in the District and Farmer Suicides

Anantapur has a long history of agricultural stress being a dry area. However, the last decade has been witness to a spate of farmer suicides owing to a mix of crop failure due to bud necrosis and rising input costs of agriculture, mainly increase in power tariffs. Irregular and scanty rainfalls in the last two years were cited during the consultation and there have been no agricultural activities in the last two years in few of the villages in the study area.

According to a news report1 in the Hindu there were no fewer than 150 suicides- farmers and weavers combined in the last year alone in the district. Since the non- farm livelihood opportunities are limited, the young men have to resort to agriculture. So another dimension to the agrarian crisis is that young men who have taken to agriculture are unable to find brides and they also have to bear the ignominy of being unable to provide a better life to their spouses, if married.

Kharif is the major crop season in Anantapur District. Of the 9.75-lakh hectares of gross cropped area in the district in 2006–07, 7.94-lakh hectares,

1 http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/agrarian-crisis-anantapur-registers-150- suicides/article8015557.ece

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

135

that is, 81 percent of gross cropped area gets cultivated during the kharif season1.

Varieties of pulses are grown during the Rabi season in the study area. Ground nut is the most grown crop during Kharif season. Other crops grown during Kharif season however in lower intensity includes paddy, horse gram, red gram, sun chillies etc. It has been observed that irrigated area is cultivated with paddy, sunflower, groundnut and fruits, in that order.

A report1 by MS Swaminathan Research Foundation shows that in Anantpur district expansion of groundnut has been at the expense of millets. The report states that minor millets have more or less disappeared from cultivation, while the area under major millets has reduced by 90 percent.

Productivity: Agriculture productively has been severely affected owing to area being drought prone zone over the previous many years. As reported in local community consultation, it was revealed that average production of the ground nut and Bengal gram (key cash crops of the study area) used to be 3000 bags and 2000 bags per acre of land respectively. One bag for ground nut and Bengal gram is locally assumed to be equivalent to 42 kg and 60 kg respectively. Now the production level as claimed by local people has come to down to 1400-1500 bags per acre of land for ground nut and 1200-1300 bags per acre of land for Bengal gram. This sharp decline in agriculture yield is largely attributed to poor rain fall over the previous years as well as lack of access to alternate irrigation facilities in the area.

Planning commission of India has initiated a mega project for bringing transformation in livelihood pattern in drought prone district of Anantapur. Detail is provided in the Box 5.1.

1 http://www.mssrf.org/sites/default/files/Study-of-Anantapur-RR10-24.pdf

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

136

Box 5.1 'Project Ananta' - A mega project launched by Planning Commission of India for District Anantapur

Planning commission of India has approved ‘Project Ananta’ valued at INR 7630 crore for enhancing transformation in agriculture sector of Anantapur District. The project is designed designed after the submission of a report by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) after extensively touring the district, taking into consideration the topography, climate and available resources. A five year action plan document by District Magistrate of Anantapur is in place (Refer link http://www.apard.gov.in/project-anantha/Anantha.pdf for detail). Key objectives as laid down in the documents include; 1) Enhancing the productivity of ground nut, the largest rain fed crop in the district; 2) Institutionalising seed chain management 3) Diversion from Paddy to irrigated dry crops/arid horticulture; 4) Varietal shifts of various crops; 5) Research backstopping; 6) Value addition to farmer’s produce; 7) Promote minor millets and pulses; 8) Encourage cluster bean/ Gaur cultivation; 9) Eliminate Banana and oil palm from district; 10) Efficient management of rain water received through scanty precipitation; 11) Relooking at milch animal and sheep rearing as the most promising alternative; 12) Enhance area under silvopasture and social forestry; 13) Make sericulture more profitable through market intervention; 14) Enhancing marketing prospects of agriculture produce.

Private initiatives are also being developed to save the agricultural economy of the district. Anantapur now has numerous farmers’ co-operative societies that work together to revive traditional crops and farming methods.

Organic farming co-operatives and revival of traditional food grains

Concern about the grim agricultural situation in Anantapur is on the rise, with increasing farmer suicides in the area. Anantapur has increasingly becoming a mono crop district, in this case groundnut and this is being cited as one of the reasons for the current agricultural crisis. During ERM consultations with the elderly population group in the study area, they reminisce that driven by fertiliser subsidies, seed inventory and market pressure, farmers in the region abandoned growing local grains and millets that were not only drought resistant but also required less water and fertiliser inputs. They also cite health benefits of consuming locally grown millets as compared to the high input paddy. Small farmers found themselves trapped in a cycle of supplied high-breed seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides at subsidy rates which they required repeatedly as the soil’s nutrition diminished. The import of cheap palm oil meant bad prices for their crop, adding to their misery. The farmer had also become dependent on his trader and groundnut mill owner. With the entire local system – marketing, credit, insurance, inputs, production know-how and social support built around one crop, he was forced to grow only that.

However, few Farmers’ Co-operative initiatives such as Timbaktu collective is reviving millet crops as well as the traditional agricultural practices such as Navadanya. They state the direct health benefits to the farmers families in growing millets. The community also help farmers own cows for non-chemical farming, provide financial and helps form thrift-banking womens co-operatives. Source: (i) http://www.thealternative.in/business/the-future-local-series-how-timbaktus-farmers-got- earth-to-meet-sky/?print=print (ii) http://www.timbaktu.org/our-programmes/ecology/organic-farming/

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

137

Agriculture Labour

The occupational pattern of the study area villages as presented in Table 5.33 shows that working population in most of study area villages are mostly agriculture labour who works on other’s field at certain wage rate mutually negotiated between cultivator and agriculture worker. Another important aspect as observed during community consultation is that agriculture workers mostly belong to the SC and BC community. The wage rate per day for agriculture worker in study area is reported to vary between INR 150 to INR 200.

Livestock based livelihood

Common livestock in study area includes rearing cows, buffalos and hens. Certain families are involved in trading of the products gained from livestock like selling milk, eggs, chicken etc; however it is practised at small scale and usually limited to village boundary. There are certain communities in the study area like Koroba and Boya community, which is specifically engaged in sheep and goat rearing. They usually sell these at local market of the Mandals.

Non-Farm based livelihood

Non- farm based livelihood as presented in Table 5.33 under the categories of HH workers and other workers represent that its proportion is relatively very less. Other livelihood opportunities as identified during stakeholder consultations include petty shops in village, working as construction labour, government jobs etc.

There is no industry in the study area except for few Wind Farm projects. Therefore wind farms are good employment opportunity for local people during construction phases. Locals are also observed to be recruited as security staffs in the existing wind farm projects in the area. Sizeable population across the HHs were reported to be working outside district.

With virtually no other non-farm livelihoods, Anantapur backwardness and poverty are well indicated in its severe rural indebtedness, high turn up of labour under MGNREGS, rampant farmer’s migration including seasonal migration and a high number of farmer's suicides in the country.

Lack of means of livelihood forcing Anantapur women into Prostitution

A recent article in one of the News media, reports that a number of women are either resorting to or falling prey to prostitution due lack of agricultural activity and absence of alternate income sources. An NGO, Rural Development Society in Kadiri is striving to tackle the issue by spreading awareness among locals about employment agents operating in the area who might be involved in such crimes. They are acquainting women with alternate business possibilities and providing financial help. This indicates to a desperate need for reviving the farm economy or providing alternate sources of income in the study area. Source: http://www.news18.com/news/india/no-means-of-livelihood-women-forced-into-prostitution-in- andhras-anantpur-1247041.html

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

138

5.6.8 Drinking Water Supply

The Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department is nodal agency in the State of Andhra Pradesh for providing drinking water and Sanitation facilities in rural areas under RWS sector. The villages under Beluguppa Mandal are provided water supply by RWS Sub-division Beluguppa. The RWS department provides drinking water facilities under different arrangement depending upon geographic location of the villages. Some of the possible arrangements as reported in the villages are:

x Spot sources (Bore Wells fitted with Hand Pumps); x Protected Water Supply (PWS) Schemes for one habitation/village; x Comprehensive Protected Water Supply (CPWS) Schemes for a group of habitations/ villages

Earlier consultations of ERM with other RWS sub-division in the district revealed that average water supply in rural areas is only 70 Litres per Capita per Day (LPCD). However, Government mechanism for supply is reportedly not adequate in significant areas of study region. Another water supply arrangement in study region is observed to be Shri. Satya Saibaba Water Supply scheme which is one of the most common schemes used to supply water to these villages suffering from acute shortage of safe drinking water. In this scheme, either water is diverted from the Tunghabadra dam project to villages through canals or bore wells have been dug and water is pumped to overhead tanks to 4-5 tap points in the villages. However, water is so scarce in the area that, most villages get water only for 2-3 hours a day if they have tube wells. In other villages water reaches them only once in 2-3 days for few hours.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

139

Figure 5.33 Water Supply sources in the study area

Source: ERM site visit, May2016

Table 5.34 Drinking water source availability

Villages Sources of available drinking water Core Villages Avulenna Tap water, Hand pump Beluguppa Tap water, Hand pump Sreerangapuram Tap water, Hand pump Thagguparthy Tap water, Hand pump Yerragudi Tap water, Hand pump Buffer Villages Ankampalle Tap water, Hand pump Duddekunta Tap water, Hand pump Hanakanahal Tap water, Hand pump Kalekurthi Tap water, Hand pump Narinjangundlapalle Tap water, Hand pump Ratchumarri Tap water, Hand pump Seerpi Tap water, Hand pump Veparalla Tap water, Hand pump, Pond Source: Village Directory, Census 2001 data

Mostly study area villages as per Table 5.34 are equipped with Tap water which indicates that they are provided with PWS or CPWS scheme. Hand pump is another most common source of water among the study area villages.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

140

5.6.9 Irrigation

Anantapur District is declared as drought-prone zone by government of India. There are no perennial rivers in the district and the three main non-perennial rivers are Pennar, Chithravathi and Vedavathi. Irrigation facilities in study area seem to be limited as farmers reported to be entirely dependent upon rain water for irrigating their field. Use of drift irrigation, sprinklers etc by sourcing water from privately owned well, tube wells were observed to be other medium of irrigation; however it is restricted to few famers only. This observation can be corroborated with information on Rabi and Kharif season cropping pattern which suggests that very little proportion of irrigated cropped area compare to unirrigated cropped area in the study area.

Enumerating the water bodies in the District ‘In the year 2004, the District Collector of Anantapur district initiated a survey to identify the number of water bodies that existed in the district. The survey identified a total of 5,824 water bodies in the entire district14. Of this, 1,373 are big tanks with an average ayacut of above 100 acre; 2094 are small tanks with an ayacut of 10 acre; and 203 are spring channels. The survey found that only about one-fourth of the identified water bodies, that is, around 1500, were functional at the time of the survey. (Kadalika,2004). This survey clearly indicated that while the earlier rulers had recognised the importance of constructing large number of small water bodies in a rain-shadow region such as Anantapur, the modern state, by promoting private irrigation over community-based irrigation systems, has contributed towards the destruction of the indigenous rain water harvesting and management systems that prevailed in the region.’ Source: (i) Designing Rural Technology Delivery Systems for Mitigating Agricultural Distress: A study of Anantpur District, MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (ii) http://www.mssrf.org/sites/default/files/Study-of-Anantapur-RR10-24.pdf

Therefore, the study area presents an opportunity for rain water harvesting interventions and also for boosting low water, low input traditional food grains.

Integrated Watershed Development Programme (IWMP) funded jointly by department of Rural development, Government of India and Government of Andhra Pradesh is also being implemented in the District in all micro watershed villages.

5.6.10 Health Infrastructure

Health care infrastructure of the study region is captured in the table provided below:

Table 5.35 Health care facilities in study region

Study Region Hospitals PHC Govt. Dispensaries Others total Anantapur district 19 80 0 19 118 Beluguppa Mandal 0 1 0 0 1 Source: Handbook of Statistics, Anantapur District 2011.

The Mandal has one Primary Health Centre (PHC) and has 6 sub-centres under it. Beluguppa Mandal covers 28 villages in the area. The PHC caters to the health care requirement for mostly people of the study area. No alternate

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

141

medical practices were also available in the study are as reported during ERM consultations.

The study area is serviced by the 104 dial-in mobile heath service where the PHC facility cannot be extended and the 108 dial-in ambulance service. Both are Public Private Partnership (PPP) initiatives in the State.

Figure 5.34 Health facilities in the study area (a) PHC at Beluguppa b) RDT Hospital at Venkatadiripilli

Source: ERM Site Visit, May 2016.

Some of the prevailing health issues reported by the Medical Officer in the area are nutrient deficiency, alcoholism and smoking and lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Numerous cases of dog bites and snake bites were also reported.

Through the PHC, the necessary provisions for local Anganwadis are also being provided. As part of maternal care, pre-natal and post-natal women receive 3 kg rice, half kg dal half kg oil and 16 eggs in a moth from the village Anganwadi centres free of cost.

The study area also has an 8 bed hospital run by Rural Development Trust (RDT) at Venkatadiripilli, one of the prominent NGOs based out of Anantpur which serves 4-5 villages in the area.

For bigger ailments, the local community reported consulting at RDT Hospital or Community Health Centre at Kalyandurga.

5.6.11 Others physical infrastructure

Access to Toilets

During consultations, it was understood that open defecation is still prevalent in the area. Only 10-25% of the households in the study area villages reported to have toilets. Consultations with women groups indicated that this is one of the concern areas for them.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

142

Road & Transportation

Mostly villages in the study area had poor village roads and did not have bus connectivity. For the local transportation, use of shared auto rickshaw is very common in the study area.

Electricity

Each village of the study area has access to electricity supply in the village. Mostly households were reported to be connected with existing electricity supply network.

Postal Service, Bank, Telecommunication

All the villages in the study area are serviced by postal department. Banking facility is not available within village premise in any of the study area villages. Banks located in Mandal centre serves mostly rural population. Mobile phone is the prominent source of telecommunication in the villages under study area.

5.6.12 Civil Society Organisations

There are several civil society organisations operating in the district, some of them being popular for their work in the fields of education, water shed management, women empowerment etc. Some of the key NGOs in the area include Rural Development Trust, Accion Fraterna and MASS to name a few, Suzlon is in partnership with few of the NGOs in the area for their ongoing CSR activities for their other projects.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016

143

6 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND IDENTIFICATION

6.1 INTRODUCTION

This section profiles the key stakeholders for the Project and assesses their potential concerns and levels of influence. The project proponents have developed a mechanism by which most of the key stakeholders (internal and external) are informed about the project development and its status.

6.2 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROJECT

The disclosure of project information and consultations with stakeholders has been increasingly emphasised by project finance institutions and government regulatory bodies. A brief overview of the requirements of public disclosure and stakeholder consultation applicable to this project is provided in the table below (Table 6.1).

Table 6.1 Overview of Disclosure and stakeholder consultation requirement

Institution/ Reference Requirements Regulatory Regulation/ Body Standard IFC PS-1 x Community engagement is to be undertaken with the affected communities and must be free of external manipulation, interference, or coercion, and intimidation. x Furthermore, in situations where an affected community may be subject to risks or adverse impacts from a project, the proponent must undertake a process of consultation so as to provide the affected communities with an opportunity to express their views on the project risks, impacts, and mitigation measures, as well as allow the proponents to consider and respond to them. x Informed participation: For projects with significant adverse impacts on affected communities, the consultation process must ensure that free, prior and informed consultation with affected communities occurs and that processes exist to facilitate participation by those affected. x Apart from such a consultation process, the project proponents are also to establish a Grievance Redressal Mechanism, which will allow the affected communities’ concerns and grievances about the project proponent’s environmental and social performance to be received and allow for steps to be taken to resolve the same x Broader stakeholder engagement: The proponent must identify and engage with stakeholders that are not directly affected by the Project but those that have established relationships with local communities and/or interest in the Project – local government, civil society organizations, etc. – and establish a dialogue.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 144

6.3 STAKEHOLDER CATEGORISATION

A stakeholder is “a person, group, or organization that has a direct or indirect stake in a project/organization because it can affect or be affected by the Project/organization's actions, objectives, and policies”. Stakeholders thus vary in terms of degree of interest, influence and control they have over the project. While those stakeholders who have a direct impact on or are directly impacted by the project are known as Primary Stakeholders, those who have an indirect impact or are indirectly impacted are known as Secondary Stakeholders. Keeping in mind the nature of the project and its setting, the stakeholders have been identified and listed in the table given below (Table 6.2).

Table 6.2 Stakeholder Group categorisation

Stakeholder Groups Primary Stakeholders Secondary Stakeholders Community x Land Sellers x Local community x Sub-contractors x Agricultural Labourers x Local Labourers x Vulnerable Community Institutional Stakeholders x Gram Panchayats x Political Parties x Project investors (IFC) Government Bodies x Regulatory Authorities; x District Administration Other Groups x Media x Other industries

6.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS

The significance of a stakeholder group is categorised considering the magnitude of impact (type, extent, duration, scale, frequency) or degree of influence (power, proximity) of a stakeholder group and urgency/likelihood of the impact/influence associated with the particular stakeholder group in the project context. The magnitude of stakeholder impact/influence is assessed taking the power/responsibility (1) and proximity (2) of the stakeholder group and is categorised as negligible, small, medium and large. The urgency or likelihood of the impact on/influence by the stakeholder is assessed in a scale of low, medium and high. The overall significance of the stakeholder group is assessed as per the matrix provided below:

Table 6.3 Stakeholder Significance and Engagement Requirement

Urgency/Likelihood of Influence on/by Stakeholder Low Medium High Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Magnitude of Small Negligible Minor Moderate Influence/ Impact Medium Minor Moderate Urgent Large Moderate Urgent Urgent

(1) Power/Responsibility: Those stakeholders to whom the organisation has, or in the future may have, legal, financial, and operational responsibilities in the form of regulations, contracts, policies or codes of practice. (2) Proximity: indicates stakeholders that the organisation interacts with most, including internal stakeholders, those with long-standing relationships and those the organisation depends on its day-to-day operations.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 145

6.5 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS

Stakeholder analysis for the identified stakeholders is being detailed in Table 6.4.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 146

Table 6.4 Assessing significance of stakeholder for the Project

Stakeholder Relevant Profile/Status Magnitude of Influence/Impact Urgency/ Likelihood of Overall Category Stakeholders (Negligible, Small, Medium, Large) Influence Rating of (Low, Medium, High) Stakeholder Influence Primary Land Sellers x Medium and large farmers who x Selling land is Medium x The land Medium Moderate stakeholder owned single crop land. considered an purchase process x Majority of the land sellers are opportunity to liquidate has been reported to be medium and semi- their assets. completed for the

medium farmers, having adequate project balance land holding after land sell x Land procurement

to the project process provides an x Land sellers are x Although land is an important opportunity to land asset, its economic value is limited seller to refuse in case by are large due to low productivity and they are not willing to happy with the dependence on rainfall. sell land. procurement x The market price of the crops has process been falling while the input price x Decline in land holding has been soaring, thereby making size of the farmers until x There is agriculture less viable. money received out of reportedly little land sale is reinvested x People are willing sellers of land. variation in land They have received more than the by farmers for further price offered and market price for their land. land bank. negotiated with x Reportedly, none of them have land owners for become landless. x People are reportedly utilizing the similar type of money received after land sell for land further land purchase in the region.

Local x Local area is having adequate x Mostly employment Small x The local wage Medium Minor Labourers workforce in unskilled and skilled opportunities for local earners have high category as mostly working people would be limited expectation of population of the local area are during till construction employment from agriculture labourer phase is over. the project. x The local x In absence of any industry nearby, x The employment availability of mostly people have to stick to opportunities could be wage earners is agricultural activity in form of requirement linked to the x Employment opportunities for construction labour, agricultural generated during construction vending opportunities season. phase have attracted local workers like vehicle hiring,

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 147

Stakeholder Relevant Profile/Status Magnitude of Influence/Impact Urgency/ Likelihood of Overall Category Stakeholders (Negligible, Small, Medium, Large) Influence Rating of (Low, Medium, High) Stakeholder Influence tractors hiring, food item supply to labour colony etc. x The operational phase would be have very limited opportunity for employment of local people and this is expected to be for requirement of security personnel Gram x The Sarpanch of the GPs are aware x The GPs have issued Medium x GPs need to work Medium Moderate Panchayats and efficient. NoC for establishing out a mechanism x The participation of the people on Windfarm. for cooperation for local governance is satisfactory as future CSR regular Gram Sabhas are held. x The GP has authority to activities in the x GPs play active role in execution of restrict the land-use and area by Suzlon development programs in their resource utilization village within the area of their jurisdiction. Regulatory x The primary regulator for wind x The project requires Medium x The project has Medium Moderate Authorities; energy project in Andhra Pradesh is complying with the obtained necessary New and Renewable Energy guidelines of permits and Development Corporation of NREDCAP and IREDA approvals from Andhra Pradesh Ltd. (NREDCAP) as sector regulators. relevant and IREDA at National level. x The project needs authorities x Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control permission and Board. coordination with the x The office of District Industries DIC for local Commissioner regulates the infrastructure and other Industrialization at the District supports required for Level. smooth industrial operation. District x The revenue department (sub x The construction phase Medium x Suzlon has already Medium Moderate /Mandal registrar) is responsible for requires a number of registered the Administration registration of land sale, mutation, permissions and lands after updating and records and transfer support from the local mutation in the

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 148

Stakeholder Relevant Profile/Status Magnitude of Influence/Impact Urgency/ Likelihood of Overall Category Stakeholders (Negligible, Small, Medium, Large) Influence Rating of (Low, Medium, High) Stakeholder Influence of land. administration. land records and x Issues NA permission for change in x The procedural obtaining the CLU land complication can cause x The village secretary, land surveyor significant project delay. plays a significant role as land x The land-matters can survey and record keeping. give rise to unnecessary x The District Collector is overall litigations. responsible for protection and maintenance of peace in area. Secondary Local x The study area falls in one of the x The local population has Small x Concerned about Medium Minor Stakeholders community most impoverished regions of high expectation on safety due to Andhra Pradesh with frequent getting employment plying of heavy occurrence of droughts, minimal opportunity from the vehicles in their industrialization and seasonal project. However they area. migration. are being informed by x Concerned about x Large numbers of people are from the project personnel loss of standing Backward Caste (BC) and that there would be very crops due to Scheduled Caste (SC) community. limited scope for movement of employment opportunities during labours and operational phase of the equipment close project. by their field x The rain-fed agriculture x Want preference in provides them limited employment return opportunities generated by the project Agricultural x Since dependence on agriculture is x All project land is Medium x The agriculture Low Minor Labourers reducing, there is increased located on private land labourers have the migration to other cities and towns. of the locals and that are opportunity as Locals are keen on labour work and largely rain fed area. Daily wage NREGS constitutes an important labours during source of income construction phase. x The local sub- contractors have engaged \ local abourers,

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 149

Stakeholder Relevant Profile/Status Magnitude of Influence/Impact Urgency/ Likelihood of Overall Category Stakeholders (Negligible, Small, Medium, Large) Influence Rating of (Low, Medium, High) Stakeholder Influence Vulnerable x Significant percentage of the people x The employment Small x The study area Medium Minor Community in study area are from backward opportunities available population is community (BC). Percentage of SC to them will be for short likely to get only group is also quite visible. Golla, term only. short term benefit Korba, Vadde, Cheneta, Gboya, of employment in Lingayats, Chakali, Jangama construction community the BC community phase. living in study areas. x The operational x The area has a large proportion of phase would have BPL families. very limited job x Women have very limited opportunity like livelihood opportunities. few security personnel. Other x No other major industry is reported x There are limited Negligible x The land price Medium Minor industries to come up in the project area. presence of Small and paid by other Micro Enterprises in the wind farm project x There are wind farm project in the area. in the region study region as well. might set a bar in

negotiation for the x Study region is slowly become hub project. Land of wind farm projects aggregator needs to have close watch on the compensation rate being offered for other wind farm project in the region Political x The project is located in an area x The dominant political Medium x Suzlon is in the Low Negligible Parties which is reported to be an Party like Congress, process of overlooked constituency. TDP, YSR Congress is identifying the x District headquarter of Anantapur reported to have a local requirements is witnessing lot of protest by strong hold in project and has good political parties these days on the area. coordination with issue of bifurcation of Andhra x Local representatives of local political Pradesh state. political parties often leaders. seek financial

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 150

Media x The nearest town Kalyandurg and x The media coverage of Small x The local media Medium Minor district headquarter of Anantapur water scarcity and has been active on has presence of all major Telugu droughts is the impact of the News Papers including an English considerable. drought in project newspaper ‘The Hindu’ which is in area. Hence, there circulation in entire southern region is a significant of India . attention on water resources and its usage in project area. Civil Society x The civil society includes NGOs, x Sri Satya Saibaba Trust Medium x Suzlon would be Medium Medium SHGs and other Cooperative was reported to be key partnering with Societies functioning in project area. player in supplying safe few key local drinking water for many NGOs like RDT, villages in study region. MASS and Vision Spring for their x There is considerable CSR activities presence of NGOs in the area Note: It is significant to note that the stakeholder analysis is based on the current situation. The stakeholder influence on the project is dynamic and may change during the project life. Consequently, the stakeholder analysis needs periodical reassessment and updating.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 151

The summary of stakeholder influence has been elaborated in Table 6.5

Table 6.5 Summary of overall stakeholder influence

Stakeholder Relevant Magnitude of Urgency/ Overall Rating Category Stakeholders Influence/Impact Likelihood of of Influence Stakeholder Influence Primary Land Sellers Medium Medium Moderate stakeholder Contractors/Sub- Medium Medium Moderate contractors Local Labourers Small Medium Minor Gram Panchayats Medium Low Minor Project investors Medium Medium Moderate Regulatory Medium Medium Moderate Authorities; District /Mandal Medium Medium Moderate Administration Secondary Local community Small Medium Minor Stakeholders Agricultural Labourers Medium Low Minor Vulnerable Small Medium Minor Community Other industries Negligible Medium Minor Political Parties Medium Low Negligible Media Small Medium Minor Civil Society Negligible Medium Negligible

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 152

7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

7.1 INTRODUCTION

This section assesses the manner in which the Project will interact with elements of the physical, ecological or social environment to produce impacts to resources/ receptors. It has been organized as per the various phases of the project life cycle to understand the risks and impacts associated with each phase.

7.2 SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT

The scope of the assessment captures the understanding on the envisaged risks and impacts assessed during the scoping exercise of this impact assessment study as well as the risks identified during subsequent physical baseline assessment and impact evaluation process. The key environmental and social issues and risks identified are further elaborated in the following sections.

7.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

Impact identification and assessment starts with scoping and continues through the remainder of the IA Process. The principal IA steps are summarized in Figure 7.1 and comprises of x Impact prediction: to determine what could potentially happen to resources/receptors as a consequence of the Project and its associated activities. x Impact evaluation: to evaluate the significance of the predicted impacts by considering their magnitude and likelihood of occurrence, and the sensitivity, value and/or importance of the affected resource/receptor. x Mitigation and enhancement: to identify appropriate and justified measures to mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive impacts. x Residual impact evaluation: to evaluate the significance of impacts assuming effective implementation of mitigation and enhancement measures.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 153

Figure 7.1 Impact Assessment Process

Prediction of Impacts

Prediction of impacts was carried out with an objective to determine what is likely to happen to the environment as a consequence of the Project and its associated activities. From the potentially significant interactions identified in Scoping, the impacts to the various resources/receptors were elaborated and evaluated.

Evaluation of Impacts

Each impact was described in terms of its various relevant characteristics (e.g., type, scale, duration, frequency, extent). The terminology used to describe impact characteristics is shown in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1 Impact Characteristic Terminology

Characteristic Definition Designations Type A descriptor indicating the relationship of the Direct impact to the Project (in terms of cause and Indirect effect) Induced Extent The “reach” of the impact (e.g., confined to a Local small area around the Project Footprint, National projected for several kilometres, etc.) Global Duration The time period over which a resource/ Temporary receptor is affected. Short-term Long-term Permanent Scale The size of the impact (e.g., the size of the area [no fixed designations; damaged or impacted, the fraction of a intended to be a numerical resource that is lost or affected, etc.) value or a qualitative description of “intensity”]

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 154

Characteristic Definition Designations Frequency A measure of the constancy or periodicity of [no fixed designations; the impact. intended to be a numerical value or a qualitative description]

The definitions for the type designations are given in Table 7.2. Definitions for the other designations are resource/receptor-specific.

Table 7.2 Impact Type Definitions

Type Definition Direct Impacts that result from a direct interaction between the Project and a resource/ receptor Indirect Impacts that follow on from the direct interactions between the Project and its environment as a result of subsequent interactions within the environment Induced Impacts that result from other activities (which are not part of the Project) that happen as a consequence of the Project.

The above characteristics and definitions apply to planned and unplanned events. An additional characteristic that pertains only to unplanned events is likelihood. The likelihood of an unplanned event occurring was designated using a qualitative scale, as described in Table 7.3.

Table 7.3 Definitions for Likelihood Designations

Likelihood Definition Unlikely The event is unlikely but may occur at some time during normal operating conditions (probability less than 20%) Possible The event is likely to occur at some time during normal operating conditions (probability greater than 20% and less than 50%) Likely The event will occur during normal operating conditions (probability greater than 50%

Once an impact’s characteristics were defined, each impact was assigned a ‘magnitude’. Magnitude is typically a function of a combination (depending on the resource/receptor in question) of the following impact characteristics:

x Extent x Duration x Scale x Frequency

In case of unplanned events only, magnitude incorporates the ‘likelihood’ factor discussed above. Magnitude essentially describes the intensity of the change that was predicted to occur in the resource/receptor as a result of the impact. As discussed above, the magnitude designations themselves are universally consistent, but the descriptions for these designations vary on a resource/receptor-by-resource/receptor basis. The universal magnitude designations are:

x Positive

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 155

x Negligible x Small x Medium x Large

In the case of a positive impact, no magnitude designation (aside from ‘positive’) was assigned. It was considered sufficient for the purpose of the IA to indicate that the Project was expected to result in a positive impact, without characterising the exact degree of positive change likely to occur. In the case of impacts resulting from unplanned events, the same resource/ receptor- specific approach to concluding a magnitude designation was followed, but the ‘likelihood’ factor was considered, together with the other impact characteristics, when assigning a magnitude designation.

In addition to characterising the magnitude of impact, the other principal impact evaluation step was definition of the sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance of the impacted resource/receptor. There are a range of factors that was taken into account when defining the sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance of the resource/receptor, which may be physical, biological, cultural or human. Other factors were also considered when characterising sensitivity/ vulnerability/importance, such as legal protection, government policy, stakeholder views and economic value. The sensitivity/ vulnerability/importance designations used herein for all resources/receptors are: x Low x Medium x High

Once magnitude of impact and sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance of resource/ receptor have been characterised, the significance was assigned for each impact. Impact significance is designated using the matrix shown in Figure 7.2.

Figure 7.2 Impact Significance

Sensitivity/Vulnerability/importance of Resource/Receptor

Low Medium High Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible

Small Negligible Minor Moderate

Medium Minor Moderate Major of Impact

Large Moderate Major Major Magnitude

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 156

Source: The ERM Impact Assessment Standard. v1

The matrix applies universally to all resources/receptors, and all impacts to these resources/receptors, as the resource/receptor-specific considerations are factored into the assignment of magnitude and sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance designations that enter into the matrix. Box 7.1 provides a context of what the various impact significance ratings imply.

Box 7.1 Context of Impact Significances

An impact of negligible significance is one where a resource/ receptor (including people) will essentially not be affected in any way by a particular activity or the predicted effect is deemed to be ‘imperceptible’ or is indistinguishable from natural background variations.

An impact of minor significance is one where a resource/ receptor will experience a noticeable effect, but the impact magnitude is sufficiently small and/or the resource/receptor is of low sensitivity/ vulnerability/ importance. In either case, the magnitude should be well within applicable standards/ guidelines.

An impact of moderate significance has an impact magnitude that is within applicable standards/guidelines, but falls somewhere in the range from a threshold below which the impact is minor, up to a level that might be just short of breaching a legal limit. Clearly, to design an activity so that its effects only just avoid breaking a law and/or cause a major impact is not best practice. The emphasis for moderate impacts is therefore on demonstrating that the impact has been reduced to a level that is as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). This does not necessarily mean that impacts of moderate significance have to be reduced to minor, but that moderate impacts are being managed effectively and efficiently.

An impact of major significance is one where an accepted limit or standard may be exceeded, or large magnitude impacts occur to highly valued/sensitive resource/receptors. An aim of IA is to get to a position where the Project does not have any major residual impacts, certainly not ones that would endure into the long-term or extend over a large area. However, for some aspects there may be major residual impacts after all practicable mitigation options have been exhausted (i.e. ALARP has been applied). An example might be the visual impact of a facility. It is then the function of regulators and stakeholders to weigh such negative factors against the positive ones, such as employment, in coming to a decision on the Project.

It is important to note that impact prediction and evaluation takes into account any embedded controls (i.e., physical or procedural controls that are already planned as part of the Project design, regardless of the results of the IA Process).

Identification of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures

Once the significance of an impact has been characterised, the next step was to evaluate what mitigation and enhancement measures are warranted. For the purposes of this impact assessment, the consulting firm adopted the following Mitigation Hierarchy:

x Avoid at Source, Reduce at Source: avoiding or reducing at source through the design of the Project. x Abate on Site: add something to the design to abate the impact. x Abate at Receptor: if an impact cannot be abated on-site then control measures can be implemented off-site.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 157

x Repair or Remedy: some impacts involve unavoidable damage to a resource (e.g. agricultural land and forestry due to creating access, work camps or materials storage areas) and these impacts can be addressed through repair, restoration or reinstatement measures. x Compensate in Kind, Compensate Through Other Means: where other mitigation approaches are not possible or fully effective, then compensation for loss, damage and disturbance might be appropriate (e.g., planting to replace damaged vegetation, financial compensation for damaged crops or providing community facilities for loss of fisheries, access, recreation and amenity space).

The priority in mitigation was to first apply mitigation measures to the source of the impact (i.e., to avoid or reduce the magnitude of the impact from the associated Project activity), and then to address the resultant effect to the resource/receptor via abatement or compensatory measures or offsets (i.e., to reduce the significance of the effect once all reasonably practicable mitigations have been applied to reduce the impact magnitude).

Management and Monitoring

The final stage in the IA Process was the definition of the basic management and monitoring measures that are needed to identify whether: a) impacts or their associated Project components remain in conformance with applicable standards/ guidelines; and b) mitigation measures are effectively addressing impacts and compensatory measures and offsets are reducing effects to the extent predicted. This is covered in Chapter 9 under environmental and social management plan (ESMP)

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 158

7.4 KEY POTENTIAL IMPACTS

Based on the Potential Interactions Matrix for Project activities and likely impacted resources/ receptors for construction phase of the proposed project as shown in Table 4.1 following areas of impacts have been identified: The identified interactions that are likely to result in significant impacts has been shown in Table 4.2 has been discussed in detail in this chapter and the scoped out interactions as shown in Table 4.3 has been left out with the justifications provided there in or discussed very briefly.

7.4.1 Key Environmental Impacts

x Change in Land use x Impacts on Land and Soil Environment; x Impact on Water resources and quality; x Ambient Air Quality; x Ambient Noise Level;

7.4.2 Key Ecological Impacts x Impact on habitat of herpetofaunal species, resident avifaunal species and mammals; x Construction activity leading to habitat disturbance for Indian Gazelle; x Laying of approach roads leading to road kills of Herpetofauna x Mortality of Avifaunal and bat species due to collision risk

7.4.3 Key Social Impacts

x Occupational health and safety of workers; x Community health and safety impacts; and x Potential impact on labour working conditions;

7.5 KEY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Construction Phase

7.5.1 Change in land use

For the purpose of assessment of impacts on land use of the area, the following Project activities leading to alteration in land use of the area during the Project life cycle were considered:

x Construction of temporary structures such as construction site office, functioning of the store yard, batching plant; x Construction/ upgradation of access roads; x Vehicular movement for transportation of WTG components and construction materials;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 159

x Movement of construction equipment like cranes, excavators, dumpers, trucks; and x Excavation and foundation casting operations prior to installation of WTGs in the Project Area.

Criteria

For the assessment of land use, the sensitivity and magnitude criteria outlined in Table 7.4 and Table 7.5 have been used respectively.

Table 7.4 Sensitivity Assessment Criteria for Land Use

Land Use Sensitivity Criteria Low The Project footprint is present in wasteland with no human settlement Medium The Project is present in agricultural land or combination of agricultural land and wasteland or residential land. High The Project is present in any forest land, or national park or of national Importance covered by international and/or national designation.

Table 7.5 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Land Use

Magnitude Criteria Negligible An imperceptible, barely or rarely perceptible change in landuse characteristics. The change may be short term. Small A subtle change in landuse character over a wide area of a more noticeable change either over a restricted area or infrequently perceived. The change may be short term. Medium A noticeable change in landuse character, frequently perceived or continuous and over a wide area; or a clearly evident change over a restricted area that may be infrequently perceived. The change may be medium to long term and may not be reversible. Large A clearly evident, frequently perceived and continuous change in landuse characteristics affecting an extensive area. The change may be long term and would not be reversible.

Context

Currently, the entire Project area is primarily used for agricultural purposes. The agriculture in supplemented by a combination of borewells, irrigation with the help of the PABR Dam as well as rainfall during the monsoon months and there is only one cropping season in the year.

The project would result in change of the land use where the WTGs, substation and internal roads are proposed. Approximately, 3.05 hectares of land will be required per WTG and further land would be required for internal access and installation of transmission towers. Additional land will be required for labor camp, storage yards, batching plants, site office that would temporarily alter the land use.The project activities which may alter the land use of the area during the project life cycle for over a period of time are given below:

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 160

Table 7.6 Periodic alteration of land use

SN. Activity Duration 1 Siting of site office, labor camp, batching plant, storage Temporary (4-6 months) yard 2 Access road construction/strengthening and its Permanent consequent usage 4 WTG installation, PSS, transmission towers with Permanent (dependant on the transmission lines life cycle of the Project)

The land use change will be primarily for the batching plant, site office and labour camps. The pooling sub station complex is built near the village of Beluguppa and the land around the pooling sub station currently is used for agricultural activity for grazing. Facilities such as the site access roads, transmission lines and permanent structures such as WTGs, site office and the pooling substation will remain until the end of the Project life cycle and are likely to contribute to land use change.

Embedded/ in-built control

The impacts during the construction activity will be short term and the construction of the Project will be executed in a phased manner (approximately 4-6 months). Additionally, the EPC contractors will be instructed to avoid any unnecessary disturbance to nearby surrounding features or land parcels. Further, construction activities ad land disturbance will be restricted to the footprint of the Project components and remaining area to be kept undisturbed to the extent possible. After completion of the construction work, areas utilised for labour camp and batching plant will be restored to their original form.

Significance of Impacts

Taking into perspective the 48 WTGs for the project along with the internal roads, laydown areas, batching plant and labour camp the impact significance is envisaged to be moderate.

Additional Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize potential impacts on land use:

x Construction activities should be restricted to designated area. x Waste should not be allowed to litter in and around the project area x On completion of construction activities, land used for temporary facilities will be restored to the extent possible. x The land use in and around the permanent project facilities will not be disturbed.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 161

Significance of Residual Impacts

The evaluation of significance is done for the activities that can have an impact on land use that can be identified at planning stage and consequently adequate mitigation measures can be adopted. The impact on land use is majorly envisaged during construction stage. The residual impact is envisaged to be minor, post implementation of mitigation measures.

Table 7.7 Impact on land use as a result of the Project

Impact Change in land use Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Limited to Project site (specifically WTG locations, internal roads, laydown Impact Scale areas, batching plant and labour camp) Frequency Not applicable Likelihood Likely Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be moderate. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be minor.

Impacts on Land and Soil Environment

For the impact assessment, following phases of the project cycle were considered for potential impacts on soil and land capability. The phase wise project activities are listed below that may result in land and soil impacts:

Construction phase:

x Establishment of access roads; x Selective clearing of vegetation in areas designated for WTG erection and other surface infrastructure; x Stripping and stockpiling of soil layers; x Digging for WTG foundations and electrical poles; x Storage of materials as well as transport of construction material; and x General building/construction activities.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 162

Operational phase:

x Monitoring of WTG operations; x Routine maintenance activities at WTG locations; x Storage of oil and lubricants onsite.

Decommissioning:

x Removal of WTGs; x Removal of infrastructure from soil surfaces; and x Increased traffic on roads to transport dismantled WTG components and waste materials.

Soil Quality Criteria

For the assessment of soil quality, the sensitivity and magnitude criteria outlined in Table 7.8 and Table 7.9 respectively have been used.

Table 7.8: Sensitivity Assessment Criteria for Soil quality (compaction, erosion and contamination)

Sensitivity Contributing Criteria Criteria Environment Social Soil Quality The extent to which the soil and The extent to which the soil a quality related criteria quality plays an ecosystem role in provides a use (agricultural use, as compaction, terms of supporting biodiversity. fishing) to the local communities and erosion and This includes its role as in supporting businesses, or is important in terms of contamination a lifecycle stage national resource protection objectives, targets and legislation

Low x The soil quality does not support x The soil quality has little or no role diverse habitat or populations in provisioning of services as and/or supports habitat or agricultural uses for the local population of low quality. community.

Medium x The soil quality supports diverse x The soil has local importance in habitat or population of flora and terms of provisioning services as fauna and supports habitats agricultural services but there is commonly available in the Project ample capacity and / or adequate AoI. opportunity for alternative sources of comparable quality ie ready availability across the AoI.

High x The soil quality supports x The soil is wholly relied upon economically important or locally, with no suitable technically biologically unique species or or economically feasible provides essential habitat for such alternatives, or is important at a species. regional level for provisioning services.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 163

Table 7.9 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Soil

Magnitude Negligible Small medium Large Criteria Soil compaction, x Qualitative-No x Perceptible change x Clearly evident x Major (e.g. order erosion and perceptible or from baseline (e.g. perceptible of magnitude) contamination readily conditions but and readily change in measurable likely to easily measurable) comparison to change from revert back to change from baseline baseline earlier stage with baseline conditions conditions conditions mitigation and/or likely take and/or likely x Scale-Localized x Scale- -Project site, time to revert back difficult or may area as activity areas and to earlier stage not to revert back Particular immediate vicinity with mitigation to earlier stage activity areas not impacting any x Scale- Project site, with mitigation x Time-Short sensitive receptor activity areas and x Scale- Regional or duration (few x Short term-Only immediate vicinity international; days) or one during particular impacting x Permanent time as activities or phase sensitive change temporary of the project receptor/s lifecycle as civil x Long term-Spread works or across several construction phase phases of the (few months) project lifecycle (few years)

Table 7.10 Impacts on land and soil environment during the project life cycle

Project stage at which the impact may occur SN. Impact Construction Operation and Decommissioning maintenance 1 Soil Erosion Yes No No 2 Soil Compaction Yes No Yes 3 Impact on Land due Yes Yes Yes Improper waste disposal 4 Soil contamination due to Yes Yes No Leaks/spills

The impacts which are likely to occur during different stages of the project and create effects on the land and soil environment of the project area (coloured green) are mentioned next.

Construction Phase

Soil Erosion impacts during the Construction Phase

Context

During the construction phase, top soil will be susceptible to erosion to some extent due to site clearance activities. The scale of site clearance activities would be small at WTG footprints at different parcel of lands, whereas in areas of new internal road construction, excavated loose soil would be susceptible to erosion. The removal of stabilized top soil would result in slope destabilization and increased soil erosion.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 164

As the project is located in dry sandy land and during the visit the surface water bodies were observed to be dry, which, reportedly is the case during most of the year due to scanty rainfall, indirect impacts of soil erosion on waterways are not expected; though it would contribute to the higher levels of particulate matter in ambient air quality.

Embedded/in-built control

x Using existing roads to access the site to the extent possible; x Construction materials and wastes will be stored in designated areas. Stripping of topsoil shall not be conducted earlier than required; (vegetation cover will be maintained for as long as possible) in order to prevent the erosion (wind and water) of soil; x Topography shall be restored to the extent possible and re-vegetated to prevent soil erosion to the extent possible;

Significance of Impact

Based on the above the impact after incorporating the embedded control the impact significance is considered to be minor.

Additional Mitigation Measures

As the embedded controls are sufficient to address the effects of the impact, no mitigation measures are deemed essential.

Significance of Residual Impacts

The significance of residual impacts will be negligible.

Table 7.11 Soil Erosion impacts during construction phase

Impact Soil Erosion impacts during construction phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to Project area (specifically construction areas) Frequency Construction Phase Likelihood Likely Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered as minor. Significance of Residual Impacts

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 165

Impact Soil Erosion impacts during construction phase Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered as negligible.

Soil Compaction concerns during the construction phase

Context

The project will undertake the soil compaction activity to ensure soil stability during the establishment of storage areas for WTG components, access road, installation of batching plant, establishment of substation, CMS building etc. During construction activities, there would be compaction of soil in the project area during movement of vehicles/ construction machinery and work force movement. In addition, laying of electrical lines in the agricultural field during installation of internal and external transmission lines will also lead to the compaction of agricultural soil to certain extent.

The soil compaction would lead to impact the soil physical properties such as reduction in pore spaces, water infiltration rate and soil strength etc. However it should be noted that soil in this area (only in flat area) is primarily used for agriculture.

Embedded/in-built control

The routes for movement of heavy machinery shall be designated to avoid the soil compaction in other areas;

Significance of Impacts

Based on the above the impact after incorporating the embedded control the impact significance is considered to be minor.

Additional Mitigation Measures

As the embedded controls are sufficient to address the effects of the impact, no mitigation measures are deemed essential.

Significance of Residual Impacts

The significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible.

Table 7.12 Soil Compaction impacts during construction phase

Impact Soil Compaction impacts during construction phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 166

Impact Soil Compaction impacts during construction phase Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to Project footprint area Frequency Construction Phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered negligible.

Impacts on land due to improper waste disposal

Context

General construction waste generated onsite will comprise of surplus or off- specification materials such as concrete, wooden pallets, steel cuttings/filings, packaging paper or plastic, wood, metals etc. Municipal domestic wastes consisting of food waste, plastic, glass, aluminium cans and waste paper will also be generated by the construction workforce at any canteen facility/ rest area which shall be constructed for them. A small proportion of the waste generated during construction phase will be hazardous and may include used oil, hydraulic fluids, waste fuel, grease and waste oil containing rags. If improperly managed, solid waste could create impacts on land.

Embedded/in-built control x The construction contractors will have control over the amount and types of waste (hazardous and non- hazardous) produced at the site. Workers will be strictly instructed about random disposal of any waste generated from the construction activity; x Construction contractor should ensure that no unauthorized dumping of used oil and other hazardous wastes is undertaken from the site;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 167

Significance of Impacts

Based on the above the impact after incorporating the embedded control the impact significance is considered to be minor.

Additional Mitigation Measures

x Municipal domestic waste generated at site to be segregated onsite; x Ensure hazardous waste containers are properly labelled and stored onsite provided with impervious surface, shed and secondary containment system; x Ensure routinely disposal of hazardous waste through approved vendors and records are properly documented; and x Disposal of hazardous wastes will be done strictly as per the conditions of authorisation granted by Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board. x Construction contractor should ensure daily collection and periodic (weekly) disposal of construction waste generated debris, concrete, metal cuttings wastes, waste/used oil etc.; x Ensure hazardous waste is properly labelled, stored onsite at a location provided with impervious surface, shed and secondary containment system as per in accordance to Hazardous Wastes Rules, 2016. x The municipal waste from the labour camp will only be routed through proper collection and handover to local municipal body for further disposal. The hazardous wastes will be temporarily stored in labelled drums on impervious surface at designated area onsite and will be disposed of through approved vendors in accordance to Hazardous Wastes Rules, 2008. The nearest Common Hazardous Waste transfer Station and Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF) is yet to be identified for the Project.

Significance of Residual Impacts

The significance of impact will be reduced to negligible on implementation of mitigation measures.

Table 7.13 Impact on land due to improper waste disposal during construction phase

Impact Impacts on land due to improper waste disposal Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to Project activity area and immediate surroundings (up to 100m) Frequency Construction Phase Likelihood Likely Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 168

Impact Impacts on land due to improper waste disposal Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered negligible.

Soil Contamination impacts due to Leaks/Spills

Context

Soil contamination during the construction phase may result from leaks and spills of oil, lubricants, or fuel from heavy equipment, improper handling of chemical/fuel storage and wastewater. Such spills could have a long-term impact on soil quality, but are expected to be localised in nature.

Embedded/in-built control

Spill control measures such as the storage and handling of chemicals and fuel in concrete areas with secondary containment will be implemented to minimize impacts in the event of a spill.

Significance of Impact

Based on the above the impact after incorporating the embedded control the impact significance is considered to be minor.

Additional Mitigation Measures x Use of spill control kits to contain and clean small spills and leaks. x The sewage generated onsite will be treated and disposed through septic tanks and soak pits as per specifications given in IS 2470: 1995 (Part I and II). x Transport vehicles and equipment should undergo regular maintenance to avoid any oil leakages; and x Any unloading and loading protocols should be prepared for diesel, oil and used oil respectively and workers trained to prevent/contain spills and leaks.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 169

Significance of Residual Impacts

The significance of impact will be reduced to negligible on implementation of mitigation measures.

Table 7.14 Soil contamination due to Leaks/spills during construction phase

Impact Soil contamination due to Leaks/spills during construction phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Duration Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to project activity area Frequency Construction phase Likelihood Unlikely Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered minor. Residual Impact Significance Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered negligible.

Operation and maintenance phase

Impacts on land due to improper waste disposal during the Operation and Maintenance Phase

The operational phase of the project will have limited impacts on soil in form of waste generation and soil contamination due to accidental spillages/ leakages.

Context

During the operation and maintenance phase, wastes that are envisaged to be generated will primarily fall into two categories i.e. (a) domestic solid and liquid waste and (b) hazardous wastes and will be generated at the Pooling Sub Station as well as the SCADA/ CMS building located near the villagte of Beluguppa. Waste is likely to be generated at the 48 WTGs that fall in the scope of this project. These facilities will be manned by personnel on a day-

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 170

night rota. Based on discussions with the OUWPPL and Suzlon personnel, it was understood that waste was segregated and stored at the storage yard in Gangavaram for eventual disposal by the approved vendor. Ideally, operation and maintenance activities in a wind farm project would generate hazardous wastes over a temporal scale, albeit to a lesser concentration that those that would be generated during the construction phase.

Embedded/in-built control

As the operation and maintenance phase is envisaged to occur throughout the life cycle of the Project (envisaged, in this case, to be approximately 20-25 years) the waste generated will have to be disposed of through approved vendors in accordance with Hazardous Waste Rules, 2016 and its subsequent amendments, thereon. The hazardous wastes will be stored onsite at separate designated covered area provided with impervious flooring and sent for disposal to nearest CHWTSDF that has been designated for Suzlon projects in the area. During operation phase, the quantity of municipal waste and hazardous waste generated is envisaged to be less and with hazardous waste generation limited, primarily, to operation and maintenance activities of the WTGs. The waste generated would be routed through proper collection and containment before processing and disposal to the approved CHWTSDF, with the help of the vendor that has been approved by the APPCB.

Significance of Impact

x Based on the above the impact after incorporating the embedded control the impact significance is envisaged to be negligible.

Additional Mitigation measures

As the embedded controls are sufficient to address the impact no mitigation measures are deemed necessary.

Significance of Residual Impacts

The significance of residual impacts is envisaged to be negligible.

Table 7.15 Impact on land due to improper waste disposal during the Operation and Maintenance Phase

Impact on land due to improper waste disposal during the Operation and Impact Maintenance Phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to PSS, SCADA, 48 WTG locations during maintenance activities Frequency Operation and Maintenance Phase of the Project Likelihood Likely

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 171

Impact on land due to improper waste disposal during the Operation and Impact Maintenance Phase Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible.

Soil Contamination due to Leaks/Spills during the Operation and Maintenance Phase

Context

There are chances of spillage of oil during maintenance work at the 48 WTG locations and would be attributed to (but not limited to) lubricating oils from gearbox systems, hydraulic systems of the turbine etc. The accidental spillages at oil/lubricants and hazardous waste storage areas may cause contamination of soil and ground water. There is a likelihood of spillage to occur at an area that is designated (during the life cycle of the project) for storage WTG spares, components and maintenance material that would comprise of oils for the above mentioned activities, especially during handling and decanting operations.

Embedded/in-built control x Ensure oil/ lubricants are stored on impervious floor in the storage area having secondary containment; x Use of spill control kits to contain and clean small spills and leaks during O&M activities; and x The guidelines and procedures shall be prepared and followed for immediate clean-up actions following any spillages.

The probability of the impact is only during WTG maintenance and therefore occasional. In case of accidental spillage, the impacts will be confined to the WTG land parcels and storage area (if proposed and utilised during the O/M phase of the Project).

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 172

Significance of Impact

x Based on the above the impact after incorporating the embedded control the impact significance is envisaged to be negligible.

Additional Mitigation measures

As the embedded controls are sufficient to address the impacts additional mitigations measures are not deemed necessary.

Residual Impact significance

The significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible.

Table 7.16 Leaks/Spills during operation phase

Impact Leaks and spills during the operation phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Limited to 48 WTG locations and pooling substation and areas earmarked Impact Scale for storage yard for WTG spares, components and maintenance material that would comprise of oils etc. Frequency Cannot be precisely determined but during the entire life cycle of the project Likelihood Unlikely Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible.

Decommissioning Phase

Impact to Soil and Land environment during decommissioning phase

The decommissioning activities will cause following impacts on soil: x Soil compaction due to the increased vehicular and workforce movement, dismantling and storage of WTG components on the adjacent land, removal of internal electric lines/ poles etc.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 173

x Waste will be generated in form of dismantled WTG components and demolition debris from WTG foundations, storage yard and substation complex. Electric components such as transformers, insulators, wires will be generated. The waste will be mainly of inert nature; x The possibility of soil contamination during decommissioning phase is very less though may occur due to leakage from machinery and transportation vehicles and during collection of remaining oil/ lubricants in the WTGs.

Embedded/in-built control

x The decommissioning of the wind farm will be carried out in a planned manner. x During decommissioning phase, the quantity of waste generated will be high. The waste will be routed through proper collection, storage and disposal. The waste will be evaluated for its recycling/ reuse/ scrap value and disposed off accordingly.

Impact Significance

The overall significance of impacts on soil environment due to decommissioning activities is assessed as minor.

Additional Mitigation Measures

Following mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the impacts of wind farm decommissioning activities on soil environment:

x The vehicular movement during decommissioning activities should be restricted to the designated route path; x The demolition/ dismantling waste should not be left over in whole project area and to be collected and stored at designated area only for further segregation and disposal.

Significance of Residual Impacts

The significance of impact will vary from minor to negligible on implementation of mitigation measures.

Table 7.17 Impact to Soil and Land environment during decommissioning phase activities

Impact on soil and land environment from decommissioning phase Impact activities Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 174

Impact Scale Limited to Project area Frequency Decommissioning phase of the Project Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource/Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity

Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be minor to negligible.

7.5.2 Impact on Water Resources

The impacts of proposed project on water environment are assessed with respect to following:

x Decreased water availability form the water resources of the area due to consumption of water for carrying out project activities; and x Decreased water quality due to wastewater release and spills/leaks from project activities.

Criteria

For the assessment of water quality, the sensitivity and magnitude criteria outlined in Table 7.18 and Table 7.19 respectively have been used.

Table 7.18 Sensitivity Assessment Criteria for Water Resources (Surface water and Ground water)

Sensitivity Criteria Contributing Criteria Environment Social Water Resources - The extent to which the The extent to which the water resource Surface water and water resource plays an provides or could provide a use (drinking ground water ecosystem or amenity role water, agricultural uses, washing and other (quality/quantity in terms of supporting domestic or industrial, use as waterways) to related criteria) biodiversity either directly the local communities and businesses, or is or indirectly, particularly important in terms of national resource with respect to dependent protection objectives, targets and legislation. ecosystems. Low The water resource does The water resource has little or no role in not support diverse terms of provisioning services as agricultural aquatic habitat or water source, other domestic uses as populations, or supports washing, bathing, industrial use and aquatic habitat or waterways for the local community.

population that is of low quality.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 175

Sensitivity Criteria Contributing Criteria The groundwater resource is not currently abstracted and used in the vicinity of the Project, but is of sufficient quality and yield to be used for that purpose in the future (and there is a reasonable potential for future use). Medium The water resource The surface water resources have local supports diverse importance in terms of provisioning services populations of flora and / but there is ample capacity and / or or fauna but available in adequate opportunity for alternative sources the surface water bodies in of comparable quality. the region. The groundwater resource is an important water supply, and is currently used, but there is capacity and / or adequate opportunity for alternative sources of comparable quality.

High The water resource The surface water resources are wholly relied supports economically upon locally, with no suitable technically or important or biologically economically feasible alternatives, or is unique aquatic species or important at a regional or transboundary provides essential habitat watershed level for provisioning services for such species

The groundwater resource is wholly relied upon locally, with no suitable technically or economically feasible alternatives, or is important at a regional or national level for water supply or contribution to groundwater dependent ecosystems (e.g. transboundary rivers).

Table 7.19 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Surface and Ground water Resources

Magnitude Negligible Small Medium Large Criteria General No perceptible or Perceptible Clearly evident (e.g. Major changes in Criteria readily measurable change from perceptible and comparison to change from baseline readily measurable) baseline baseline conditions. conditions but change from baseline conditions and / likely to be within conditions and / or or likely to applicable norms likely to approach and regularly or and standards for even occasionally continually mode of use. exceed applicable exceed applicable norms and standards norms and for mode of use. standards for mode of use. Water There is likely to be The Project will The Project will The Project will Quantity negligible (less than consume surface consume surface consume surface 1% of lean season water, but the water, and the water, and the flow) or no amounts amounts abstracted amounts consumption of abstracted are are likely to be abstracted are surface water by likely to be significant in likely to be very the Project at any relatively small in comparison to the significant in time comparison to the resource available at comparison to the resource available the time of use (i.e. resource available at the time of use taking into account at the time of use

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 176

Magnitude Negligible Small Medium Large Criteria (i.e. taking into seasonal fluctuation) (i.e. taking into account seasonal account seasonal fluctuation) fluctuation) There is likely to be The Project will The Project will The Project will negligible or no consume consume consume abstraction, use of groundwater or groundwater or groundwater or or discharge to the deliver discharge discharge to discharge to groundwater by the to groundwater, groundwater, and the groundwater, Project at any time. but the amounts amounts abstracted / and the amounts abstracted / discharged are likely abstracted / discharged are to be significant in discharged are likely to be comparison to the likely to be very relatively small in resource available at significant in comparison to the the time of use (i.e. comparison to the resource available taking into account resource available at the time of use seasonal fluctuation). at the time of use (i.e. taking into (i.e. taking into account seasonal account seasonal fluctuation). fluctuation).

Water Discharges are Discharges are Occasional breach(es) Repeated Quality expected to be well expected to be of statutory discharge breaches of within statutory within statutory limits (limited statutory limits limits periods) expected discharge limits (over extended periods) expected

Abstractions from Groundwater Groundwater quality Groundwater or discharge to quality be within exceeds ambient quality exceeds aquifer(s) are ambient levels or levels or allowable ambient levels or unlikely to cause allowable criteria criteria for key allowable criteria. water quality or may exceed for parameters. issues. 1-2 parameters Abstractions or which is common Abstraction or discharge to occurrence due to discharge to aquifer(s) aquifer(s) are geological regime are expected to cause expected to cause of the area. potential localized potentially severe effects on effects on Abstraction or groundwater quality groundwater discharge to which are likely to be quality which are aquifer(s) may fairly long lasting and likely to be long- cause small but / or give rise to lasting (e.g. years local changes in indirect ecological or permanent) water quality in and / or socio- and / or give rise the aquifer economic impacts. to indirect system. These can ecological and / be considered or socio-economic potential short- impacts. term localized effects on groundwater quality which is likely to return to equilibrium conditions within a short (months) timeframe.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 177

Construction Phase

Impact on water availability

Context

As stated in Chapter 2, Water will be required for civil works during the construction of the foundation for all WTGs estimating 70 m3 of water for each WTG foundation activities, whicg totals to approximately 3360 m3 of water.

Embedded/in-built control x Water tankers should be utilised to fulfil supply required for all purposes, including construction work, use in labour camp and site office and local surface water bodies should not be utilised for these purposes.

Impact Significance

The sensitivity of water resource in the area is considered as medium due to the fact that the project area is generally a dry area with little rainfall. Water is supplemented for agriculture and domestic purposes by a combination of a canal system originating from the PABR Dam . As per the CGWB brochure for Anantapur, the mandal of Beluguppa is categorized as Over Exploited categor of CGWB (1) . However, the direct negative impact on water resources due to construction activities will be short term and limited mainly to construction phase of the project. Based on the above the impact is assessed to be minor.

Additional Mitigation Measures

Following mitigation measures are proposed for conservation of water resources of the area: x Construction labour deputed onsite to be sensitised about water conservation and encouraged for optimal use of water; x Regular inspection for identification of water leakages and preventing wastage of water from water supply tankers. x Blending of low quality water with fresh water for construction uses. x Recycling/reusing to the extent possible.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 178

Table 7.20 Impact on Water Resources during the Construction Phase

Impact Water Resources Availability Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to Project area Frequency Construction phase Likelihood Possible Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Low Medium High Resource Sensitivity The area around the Project Area has been classified as Over Exploited by CGWB. Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered minor.

Significance of Residual Impacts

After implementation of mitigation measures, the impact significance will be minor.

Impact on water Quality

Context

There is a potential for contamination of surface and groundwater resources resulting from improper management of sewage (~ 10 m3/day) at project site office or other accidental spills/leaks at the storage areas.

Embedded/in-built control

x The provisions of septic tank and soak pits will be provided (as per specifications given in IS 2470 1995 Part I and Part II) onsite for treatment and disposal of sewage, thereby minimizing the impacts of wastewater discharge. Planning of toilets, soak pits and septic tanks, waste collection areas should be away from natural drainage channels; x Ensure proper cover and stacking of loose construction material at Batching plant site and WTG’s site to prevent surface runoff and contamination of receiving water body; x Use of licensed contractors for management and disposal of waste and sludge; x Labourers will be given training towards proactive use of designated areas/bins for waste disposal and encouraged for use of toilets. Open defecation and random disposal of sewage will be strictly restricted;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 179

x Spill/ leakage clearance plan to be adopted for immediate cleaning of spills and leakages.

Impact Significance

Based on the above the impact is assessed to be negligible.

Additional Mitigation Measures

As the impact is sufficiently addressed by the embedded controls the requirement of additional mitigation measures is not foreseen for this impact.

Residual Impact Significance

Significance of Residual Impacts

Residual significance of impacts during construction phase will be negligible.

Table 7.21 Impact on water quality

Impact Water Resources and Quality Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Mainly limited to PSS, CMS, SCADA and Site Office Frequency Construction Phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered negligible. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered negligible.

Operation and maintenance phase

Impact on water availability during the Operation and Maintenance Phase

Context

During the operation phase of this project, an estimate of 2-3 m3/day of water would be required during operation phase to meet domestic requirements of O&M staff and for use in the SCADA building and adjoining pooling substation complex, located near the village of Beluguppa.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 180

Embedded/in-built control

x Domestic water demand will be met with the help of tankers and bottled potable water purchased from authorised distributors located in the nearby villages and from the nearby city of Anantapur ; x Optimising water usage in the SCADA building and substation area by application of water conservation measures such as sensor based taps, low flush urinals etc.

Impact Significance

The overall significance of impacts on water availability due to operational activities is envisaged to be negligible.

Additional Mitigation measures

As the impact is sufficiently addressed by the embedded controls additional mitigation measures are not foreseen for this impact.

Residual Impact Significance

The significance of the residual impact is envisaged to be negligible.

Table 7.22 Impact on water availability during operation phase

Impact on water availability during the Operation and Maintenance Impact Phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Limited to Pooling Sub Station, SCADA room near the village of Impact Scale Beluguppa. Frequency Operation phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 181

Impact on water quality during the Operation and Maintenance Phase

Context

During operation phase, wastewater generation is expected to be nil from the power generation process. Only sewage would be generated from pooling substation and SCADA building, which is located near the village of Beluguppa and this, will also be of negligible quantity. The estimated sewage generation from project site is expected to be approximately 2 m3/day.

Embedded/in-built control

x The drainage and sewerage system will be provided for the collection and treatment of waste water at the SCADA building/ CMS and substation areas; and x No wastewater discharge on open land will be practiced.

Impact Significance

The overall significance of impacts on water quality due to operational activities is envisaged to be negligible.

Additional Mitigation Measures

As the impact is sufficiently addressed by the embedded controls the requirement of additional mitigation measures is not foreseen for this impact.

Residual Impact Significance

The significance of the residual impacts is envisaged to be negligible.

Table 7.23 Impact on water quality during operation phase

Impact Impact on water quality during operation phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Limited to Pooling Sub Station, SCADA room located near the village of Impact Scale Beluguppa. Frequency Operation phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 182

Decommissioning Phase

No impacts are observed to water resources are envisaged during the decommissioning phase of the project.

7.5.3 Impact on Air Quality

The impact assessment with respect to air quality of the study area has been undertaken for the project activities described below:

x Construction activities including site preparation, construction of WTG foundation, erection of internal and external transmission line, construction of office building; x Transportation of WTG components, construction material, construction machinery and personnel; x Operation of batching plant; x Operation of DG sets for emergency power backup; x Operation and maintenance activities during operation phase; and x Decommissioning activities.

Criteria

For the assessment of air quality, the sensitivity and magnitude criteria outlined in Table 7.24 and Table 7.25 respectively have been used. The air quality impacts associated with the construction activities have been assessed qualitatively, using professional judgement and based on past experience from similar projects.

Table 7.24 Sensitivity Criteria for Air quality

Sensitivity Contributing Criteria Criteria Human Receptors Ecological Receptors Low Locations where human Locally designated sites; and/or exposure is transient.1 areas of specific ecological interest, not subject to statutory protection (for example, as defined by the project ecology team). Medium Few Receptors( settlements) Nationally designated sites. within 500 m of project activity area as roads, batching plant, WTG s etc. High Densely populated receptors Internationally designated sites. (settlements) within 500 m of project activity area as roads, batching plant, WTG s etc.

1 As per the NAAQS and World Bank/IFC guidelines, there are no standards that apply to short –term exposure, eg one or two hours, but there is still a risk of health impacts, albeit less certain.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 183

Table 7.25 Criteria for Impact Magnitude for Assessment of Impact to Air Quality (Construction Phase)

Magnitude Negligible Small Medium Large Criteria Air Quality x Soil type with x Soil type with x Moderately x Potentially dusty large grain size large grain dusty soil soil type (eg clay, (eg sand); size (eg sand); type (eg silt); which will be and/or No and/or and/or prone to emissions/dust x Limited x Dust suspension when generation due emissions/du generation dry due to small to Project across st generations and emissions particle size); and all phases for short from Projects x Significant duration for long process emissions duration from Project for the entire Project cycle.

Construction Phase

Air quality will largely get impacted from the following sources during the construction phase:

x Fugitive dust emissions from site clearing, excavation work, cutting and levelling work at WTG sites and access/ internal roads, stacking of soils, handling of construction material, transportation of material, emission due to movement of vehicles and heavy construction machinery etc.; x Vehicular emissions due to traffic movement on site and on access roads; x Particulate emissions from operation of batching plant; x Exhaust emissions from construction machineries, other heavy equipment like bull dozers, excavators, and compactors; x Emissions from emergency power diesel generator required during construction activity.

Further the WTGs are spread across a larger area and the air quality impacts would largely be limited to 500 m of the construction activity area, batching plant and material storage area and will not have any long term impact on the ambient air quality of the area.

Receptors

Receptors have been observed to exist within the 500 m radius of the WTGs and have been elaborated upon in Chapter 2 of the report.

Embedded/in-built control

x Preventive measures such as storage of construction material in sheds, covering of construction materials during transportation will be undertaken, for reducing dust as part of the embedded controls.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 184

x Emissions from the emergency DG set and other stationary machines will be controlled by ensuring that the engines are always properly tuned and maintained. x Minimize stockpiling by coordinating excavations, spreading, re-grading and compaction activities; x Speed of vehicles on site will be limited to 10-15 km/hr which will help in minimizing fugitive dust emissions due to vehicular movement; x Cease or phase down work if excess fugitive dust is observed. Investigate the source of dust and ensure proper suppression measures; x Proper maintenance of engines and use of vehicles with Pollution Under Control (PUC) Certificate; and x Idling of vehicles and equipment will be prevented

Impact Significance

The impact on air quality will be local and short-term, restricted to the construction period. The overall impacts are assessed to be minor.

Table 7.26 Impact on air quality during construction phase

Impact Ambient Air quality Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Project area and vicinity Frequency Not Applicable Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered negligible.

Residual Impact Significance

The residual impact due to the Project on air quality will be negligible.

Operation Phase

Source of Impacts As the Project is a renewable and clean energy development project, the operation phase will be largely free from air emissions.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 185

Decommissioning Phase

The decommissioning activities will have limited impact on the air quality of the area and will be mainly in form of dust emissions due demolition of office building. The increased vehicular movement for transportation of dismantled WTGs, demolition debris, scrap materials will also generate fugitive dust emissions.

Significance of Impact

The impact on air quality during decommissioning phase of the Project is assessed to be minor.

Additional Mitigation Measures

The embedded measures need to be implemented.

Residual Impact Significance

The residual impact due to the Project on air quality will be minor.

Table 7.27 Impact on air quality during decommissioning phase

Impact Impact on air quality during decommissioning phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Project footprint area and surrounding areas up to 100 m distance Frequency Decommissioning phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered minor.

7.5.4 Aesthetics and Landscape concerns

Visual attributes are assessed with reference to surrounding landscape character and their distinctive features. In addition to these aesthetic impacts also consider the setting up of WTGs in the area of study, clearance of vegetation for access roads/ transmission lines, installation of ancillary facilities as well as laying of transmission lines/towers etc.

Context

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 186

The project is located in the villages of Beluguppa, Srirangapuram, Thagguparthi, Yeragudi, Avulenna, Y. Rengapuram, Duddekunta and Narinjagundlapalli, Nakkalapalli andSreerangapuram in Beluguppa Mandal of Anantpur District in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The land surrounding the Project is utilised for agricultural purposes. The landscape character of the surrounding area primarily comprises of flat terrain. The landscape character also comprises of settlements (mentioned above) that are located in the Project Area as well as a series of village roads, in addition to the State Highway 82 that is the main access route to the Project.

Receptors

The visual impacts will be perceived by two types of receptors during the operational phases, namely:

x Receptors located at a fix point, such as settlements in the study area; and x Receptors temporarily viewing the wind farm, such as passing motorists.

Construction Phase

The Project site is located on flat terrain that is present in the Project area. Although the turbines will be manufactured off-site and the construction phase will be relatively for a short duration (04-06 months), large equipment or infrastructure such as cranes, dumpers, transportation vehicles will be required on site during the installation of the WTGs. The significance of the visual impacts will decrease with increasing distance from the Project site. During construction phase, visual impact due to the presence of Project infrastructure such as pooling substation, batching plant, labour camp, construction material storage area, temporary site office in the Project site are anticipated.

Impact Significance

The construction phase will be for approximately 04-06 months. The larger structures such as batching plant and pooling substation would lead to loss in visual aesthetics in the area albeit, in a localised area. The overall impact significance has been assessed as minor.

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures should be implemented to minimize potential of visual impacts during construction phase: x The area of the site office and storage should be limited to the extent necessary; x Vegetation should be cleared only in locations where WTGs, ancillary facilities, pooling substation, transmission lines and access/internal roads are planned to minimize the visual impact of deforestation;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 187

x Minimize presence of ancillary structure on site, avoid fencing and minimize access road disturbances; and x After completion of construction works, areas utilized for batching plant, labour camp and stock yard should be restored to original form.

Table 7.28 Landscape- aesthetic impacts during the Construction Phase

Impact Landscape- aesthetic impacts during the Construction Phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to Project area (specifically construction area) Frequency During construction phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Low Medium High Resource/ Receptor The Project activity area has settlements of 10 villages and does not Sensitivity exhibit large/ prominent structures. Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered as negligible.

Significance of Residual Impacts

After implementation of mitigation measures, residual impacts will reduce to negligible.

Operation and Maintenance Phase

As mentioned above, the land where the WTGs are located comprise of flat terrain that is used for agriculture. During the site visit, in May, structures were observed to be within 500 m of the WTGs that form the scope the assessment. However the area within which the WTGs are located are also utilised by Suzlon for other projects/ Clients and could pose a concern in the cumulative sense. In addition to this, the presence of a structure of height of 90 m where prominent structures are absent would be a visual impact to nearby villages and passing motorists. Additionally, the movement of the turbine blades and shadow flicker that is generated could also pose a concern with regard to shadow flickering effects.

Impact Significance

The most prominent source of visual impact during the operational phase is the presence of the wind turbines and the assemblage of transmission lines

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 188

that evacuate to the Pooling Sub Stations and eventually to the grid. Assessing the impacts is highly subjective, as it depends on the perception of the viewer. People’s attitudes can differ and presence of the wind farm can be viewed as both a positive and negative impact on the surrounding areas. In addition to this, the perception of villagers of existing wind farms in the area remains to be seen, during the operation phase of the Project.

In view of above, impact significance of visual impacts during the operational phase of the Project has been envisaged to be minor, owing to the fact that windfarms already exist in the area

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures should be implemented to minimize potential of visual impacts during operational phase:

x Signage related to the wind farm should be discrete and confined to entrance gates; x No other corporate or advertising signage should be displayed on site; x The footprint of operations and maintenance facilities as well as parking and vehicular circulation should be clearly defined and not be allowed to spill over into other areas of the site.

Significance of Residual Impacts

After implementation of mitigation measures, residual impacts will reduce to negligible.

Table 7.29 Landscape- aesthetic impacts during the Operation and Maintenance Phase

Landscape- aesthetic impacts during the Operation and Maintenance Impact Phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Up to 5-6 km depending on terrain Frequency Operation Phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 189

7.5.5 Occupational health and Safety of Workers

Construction Phase and Installation Phase

Context

As mentioned earlier in the report, installation work for 48 WTGs, the transmission lines as well the PSS was underway during the ERM site visit and was observed to be in various phases of installation. Hence, there would be a need for labour to complete the remainder of the work for eventual commissioning. According to the IFC EHS Guidelines, the occupational health and safety risks during the construction, operations and decommissioning of an onshore wind power project is generally similar to those of the large industrial facilities and infrastructure projects. The main risks of occupational health and safety include working at heights, working with rotating machinery, and falling objects and the terrain of the present project makes the workers highly susceptible to physical injuries.

Significance of Impact

Based on the above, the impact significance is assessed to be moderate.

Additional Mitigation Measures

The following risk mitigation measures are suggested to minimize the risks/hazards related to health and safety onsite:

x The workers (both regular and contractual) on the project should be provided with trainings on the Health and Safety policy in place, and their role in the same and refresher courses will be provided throughout the life of the project x Establish a grievance redressal mechanism in place, to allow for the employees and workers to report any concern or grievance related to work activities x Put in place measures to reduce the risk of prevalence of diseases, including screening of workers, undertaking health awareness amongst the workers, implementation of vector control programs, avoiding presence of unsanitary conditions and better facilities in the project site, such as safe drinking water, proper waste collection and disposal etc.

Significance of Residual Impacts

The assessment of the residual impacts on occupational health and safety are given envisaged to be minor after implementation of mitigation measures.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 190

Table 7.30 Impact Significance on Occupational Health and Safety: Construction phase and installation phase

Impact Occupational Health and Safety : Construction and installation phases Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to Project Footprint area Frequency Project life cycle Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible small Medium Large Resource/Receptor Sensitivity Low Medium High

Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered to be Moderate Significance of Residual Impacts Resource/Receptor Sensitivity Low Medium High

Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of Residual Impacts is considered Minor

Operation and Maintenance Phase

Source of Impact

The windfarm operation will involve electro-mechanical preventive and restoration works. These maintenance works will involve climbing up the WTG or electrical poles.

Possible Consequences

Following occupational health and safety hazards would be encountered in operation phase: Falling from height; Working on live electrical wire and electrical safety; Exposure to electric magnetic field.

Embedded Provisions

The sub-contractors carrying out the maintenance works have health and safety policy and system in place.

Impact Significance

The significance of the health and safety impacts in operation phase after implementation of these mitigation measures is assessed to be Negligible.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 191

Mitigation/Management Measures

Suzlon as the O& M contractor is recommended to set up following monitoring system to ensure health and safety compliance of its own staff and that of sub-contractors. x Develop a site-specific health and safety plan for Project and assign the responsibility for its implementation at site; x Establish safe working methods and written procedures; x Obtain and check safety method statements from contractors before allowing them to work on site; x Allow only authorized people on to site; x Display health and safety notification details at appropriate places; and x Monitor health and safety performance through an operating audit.

Significance of Residual Impacts

The assessment of the residual impacts on occupational health and safety are given envisaged to be minor after implementation of mitigation measures.

Table 7.31 Impact Significance on Occupational Health and Safety: Operation and Maintenance Phase

Impact Occupational health and safety: Operation and Maintenance Phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Operation and Maintenance work for 24 WTGs will be monitored Impact Scale through a SCADA/ CMS that will be set up near the village of Beluguppa Periodically all through the operation phase during maintenance Frequency and inspections. Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Low Medium High Vulnerability of Social The operation and maintenance work will be done by Suzlon. Receptors Hence, OUWPPLwill only have a supervising or monitoring responsibility.

Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered to be Minor

Significance of Residual Impacts Resource/Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Residual Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large

Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of Residual Impacts is considered Minor

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 192

Decomissioning Phase

Context

Occupational health and safety is a dynamic process with challenges being faced on a daily basis. Based on the premise that accidents can occur at any time, the personnel at OUWPPL and Suzlon should rigorously adopt practices and disseminate experiences to the staff and labour that are involved in various aspects of decommissioning during this phase and ensure that best practices are followed at all time and that personnel are wearing PPE’s are being worn at all time.

Possible Consequences

Following occupational health and safety hazards would be encountered in during the decommissioning phase: Falling from height; Components falling from heaight; Working on live electrical wire and electrical safety; Exposure to electric magnetic field.

Embedded Provisions

The sub-contractors carrying out the decomissioning works have health and safety policy and system in place that are overseen by OUWPPL and Suzlon personnel and ensured that they are followed by staff and labour at all times.

Significance of Impact

The impact occupational health and safety during the decommissioning phase of the Project is assessed to be moderate.

Additional Mitigation Measures x The workers (both regular and contractual) on the project should be provided with trainings on the Health and Safety policy in place, and their role in the same and refresher courses will be provided throughout the life of the project x Establish a grievance redressal mechanism in place, to allow for the employees and workers to report any concern or grievance related to work activities x Put in place measures to reduce the risk of prevalence of diseases, including screening of workers, undertaking health awareness amongst the workers, implementation of vector control programs, avoiding presence of unsanitary conditions and better facilities in the project site, such as safe drinking water, proper waste collection and disposal etc.

Residual Impact Significance

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 193

The residual impact due to the Project on air quality will be minor after the adoption of mitigation measures.

Table 7.32 Impact Significance on Occupational Health and Safety: Decommissioning Phase

Impact Occupational Health and Safety: Decommissioning phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to Project Footprint area Frequency Project life cycle : Decomissioning Phase Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible small Medium Large Resource/Receptor Sensitivity Low Medium High

Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered to be Moderate Significance of Residual Impacts Resource/Receptor Sensitivity Low Medium High

Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of Residual Impacts is considered Minor

7.5.6 Ambient Noise Levels

The source of ambient noise impact will vary from phase to phase. The phase- wise project impact assessment is given in subsequent sections.

Contruction Phase

Context

The Project is located in a rural setting and therefore prescribes to CPCB and

WHO standards set for residential areas (Day time Leq = 55).

Baseline conditions

The noise monitoring on the Project site (See Section 5.4.2) shows that noise levels in selected points across the study area fall below CPCB/WHO standards.

Receptors

With respect to human receptors, there are receptors in the Project Area and have been elaborated upon in Section 2 of this Report.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 194

Construction Phase activities

The list of project activities that might result in noise impacts is given below:

x Noise from heavy vehicular traffic movement; x Noise from increased workforce and construction/demolition; and x Noise from cranes, drillers, bulldozers, excavators, etc.; and x Noise from DG sets.

Construction work is expected to last for about 04-06 months and construction activities will be restricted to day time. Noise generation from select construction equipment and machinery utilized in the construction of a wind farm are presented in Table 7.33. Specific information about types, quantities, and operating schedules of the construction equipment was not available at the time of assessment and therefore, assumptions have made regarding the type, number and Sound Power Levels (SPLs) of construction equipment, based on similar projects and publicly available data. It has been assumed that only one of each type of equipment will be on-site during any day or night period. Re-assessment of noise levels may be required if the actual construction equipment inventory and SPL vary from the assumed list.

Table 7.33 Assumed construction equipment sound pressure level inventory

Construction Equipment Average Noise Level at 50ft [dB(A)]

Bulldozer 82 Backhoe 78 Loaders 79 Vibratory roller 102 Fuel truck 85 Cranes 81 Dump truck 76 Grader 85 Compressors 78 Generators 85 Rock drill 81 Grader 85 Concrete mixer truck 79 Concrete pump truck 81 Scraper 85 Source: The SPLs of the construction equipment have been taken from FHWA noise specification 721.5601 and ERM’s internal database

1 Construction Noise Handbook. FHWA-HEP-06-15; DOTVNTSC-FHWA-06-02; NTIS No. PB2006-109102. Final Report August 2006 (updated5/20/2010).

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 195

Impact Significance

The WTG locations are located in the vicinity of the villages as described in Section 2 of the report. With respect to human receptors, the structures are located in the vicinity with the residents staying overnight. The construction work that is expected to produce noise levels will be limited to a period of 04- 06 months only. However, as per the ambient noise level results presented in Table 5.4.8, the results have been observed to be below the CPCB and WHO limits. Taking the above facts into account, the overall impact significance for ambient noise levels during the construction phase has been assessed to be minor.

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures are proposed to reduce noise impacts on surrounding receptors during the construction of the Project:

x Limit the number of heavy vehicles required for the Project to only those that are necessary; x Access roads for the Project should avoid villages and communities to prevent noise from heavy vehicular traffic to the extent possible; x Heavy vehicles should limit use of engine breaking to prevent excessive noise; x All construction work should be carried out during daytime hours (6:00 am to 10:00 am as per CPCB limits); x Vehicles and equipment used for the Project should be well maintained and oiled to prevent excess noise during construction; and

Significance of Residual Impacts

After implementation of mitigation measures, the significance of residual impacts will be minor.

Table 7.34 Noise generation from construction activities and transportation of man/ material

Noise generation from construction activities and transportation of man/ Impact material Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to Project footprint area and surrounding communities Frequency Construction Phase Likelihood Likely Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 196

Noise generation from construction activities and transportation of man/ Impact material Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered minor.

Operation and Maintenance Phase

Sources of Wind Turbine Sound

The sources of noise emitted from operating wind turbines can be divided into two categories: (a) mechanical noise, from interaction of turbine components; and (b) aerodynamic noise, produced by the flow of air over blades.

Mechanical sounds originate from the relative motion of mechanical components and the dynamic response among them. Sources of such sounds include: x Gearbox; x Generator; x Yaw drives; x Cooling fans; and x Auxiliary equipment (e.g. hydraulics)

Aerodynamic sound is typically the largest component of wind turbine acoustic emissions. It originates from the flow of air around the blades. Aerodynamic sound generally increases with rotor speed.

The Project comprises of 48 WTGs of Suzlon make i.e S111, each having a rated capacity of 2.1 MW with a hub height of 90 m. The noise generation from the Suzlon S111 turbines have been taken into consideration during strong ZLQGFRQGLWLRQV ZLWKZLQGYHORFLW\ m/s at 10 m height) i.e. 105.8 dB(A) for the noise assessment.

Methodology: The environmental noise prediction model Nord 2000 (an in- built calculation module in WindPro 3.0) and was used for modelling noise emissions from the WTGs. In order to consider worst case scenario (with strong wind conditions), it has been assumed that the WTGs are operational at VWDQGDUGLVHGZLQGVSHHGRI m/s at 10 m height (which is equivalent to approximately 11.3 m/s at hub height). Operating of WTGs with 100% usage

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 197

scenario was modelled to cover the operation phase of the Project. In addition, to represent a worst-case scenario for the assessment, all WTGs were assumed to be operating simultaneously and for 24 hours. As a conservative approach to the assessment, atmospheric absorption during sound transmission was not included in the assessment. Local terrain has been considered for putting noise sources as well as receptors in the model. It should be noted that sensitive receptors were observed during the WTG profiling and environmental survey and have been utilised for this study.

Noise Sensitive Receptors: A total of three scattered houses, one warehouse and three village settlements (partially) namely Nakalapalli, Beluguppa Tanda and Thaggurgparthy fall within the study domain of 500 m around the project WTGs. The noise sensitive receptors with respect to WTGs are presented in Figure 7.3.

Predicted Noise Levels at Receptors: The predicted noise levels within the study domain with strong wind conditions (8 m/s) are presented in Figure 7.4. The predicted noise level at one receptor within the study domain has been presented in Table 7.35.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 198

Figure 7.3 Map showing the 48 WTGs and the Noise Sensitive Receptors in the Project Area

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 199

Figure 7.4 Noise map showing 48WTG locations, noise locations and wind speed under strong wind conditions (8 m/s)

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 200

Table 7.35 Predicted Noise Levels at Noise Receptors during Operation Phase of Project with normal wind conditions.

Receptor Code Zone Easting (mE) Northing (mN) Location Nearest WTG Approximate Baseline Sound Predicted Sound Total Sound Applicable Distance and Pressure Levels Pressure Levels Pressure Level Standard (dB(A)) Direction of WTG at Receptors, at Receptors, (Baseline + per Landuse from location Leq (dBA) Leq (dBA) Predicted), Leq (Strong Wind) (dBA) (Strong Wind)

Leq d Leq n Leq d Leq n Leq d Leq n Day Night 43 P Nakalapally Village Nakalapalli Village 52.1 43.6 40.7 40.7 52.4 45.4 55 45 726240 1628953 BLG-015 Within 500 m radius Beluguppa Tanda Village 43 P 728579 1626874 Beluguppa Tanda Village BLG-024 Within 500 m radius 52.3 43.8 41.9 41.9 52.7 46.0 55 45 H1-House 43 P 722977 1629494 Sreerangapuram Village BLG-013 0.37 km SSW 53.7 44.5 47.4 47.4 54.6 49.2 55 45 H2-House 43 P 722919 1629610 Sreerangapuram Village BLG-013 0.32 km SSW 53.7 44.5 46.4 46.4 54.4 48.6 55 45 H3-House 43 P 723180 1630275 Sreerangapuram Village BLG-013 0.45 km N 53.7 44.5 40.5 40.5 40.5 46.0 55 45 W1-Warehouse 43 P 730409 1626888 Beluguppa Village BLG-080 0.46 km W - - 41.3 41.3 41.3 41.3 55 45 Thagguparthy Village 43 P 737079 1628822 Thaguparthy Village BLG-157 Within 500 m radius 53.1 44 46.9 46.9 54.0 48.7 55 45 (1) Predicted noise levels during day and night time will be same as the operation of WTGs has been considered 24 hours and no variation of wind speed during day and night-time is considered in this assessment. (2) IFC/WB EHS Guidelines: Noise Management dated April 30, 2007 gives, Noise level guidelines for Residential; institutional and educational receptors in daytime (07:22:00) and night time (22:00-7:00) as 55 and 45 one hour Leq dB(A) respectively. For industrial and commercial receptors it is 70 one hour Leq dB(A) for both night and day time.

(3) Noise standards notified by the MoEFCC vide gazette notification dated 14 February 2000 as amended in January 2010 based on the A weighted equivalent noise level (Leq) for residential areas.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 201

As observed in Table 7.35, the ambient day time noise levels are within the limits as prescribed by the CPCB. However, the night time noise levels show slightly elevated level from the applicable standard i.e. 45.5 dB(A) under strong wind conditions of 08 m/s. The WTGS that exhibit this trend are BLG- 015, BLG-024, BLG-013, BLG-013, BLG-080, and BLG-157.

Therefore the impact of noise as a result of WTG operating during the daytime has been envisaged to be minor and night time has been envisaged to be moderate.

Mitigation Measures

x A solid noise barrier should be provided in order reduce the noise impact at night, if the receptor is being used as permanent residential facility and the monitored noise levels confirm the noise levels more than 5 dB(A) higher than the applicable standard; x WTGs should be regularly serviced and maintained; x Periodic monitoring of noise near to the sources of generation to ensure compliance with design specification; and x In case of complaints of higher noise levels and discomfort, received from the inhabitants of nearby settlements, possibility of putting noise barriers near to the receptor need to be considered.

Table 7.36 Noise generation from operation of the WTGs – day time

Impact Noise generation from operation of the WTGs – Day time Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Limited to within 500 m of WTGs. BLG-015, BLG-024, BLG-013, BLG-013, Impact Scale BLG-080, BLG-157 and BLG-158. Frequency Entire Operation phase of Project Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered as minor Significance of Residual Impact Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity

Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered negligible

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 202

Table 7.37 Noise generation from operation of the WTGs – day time

Impact Noise generation from operation of the WTGs – Night time Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Limited to within 500 m of WTGs BLG-015, BLG-024, BLG-013, BLG-013, Impact Scale BLG-080, BLG-157 and BLG-157. Frequency Entire Operation phase of Project Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered as moderate Significance of Residual Impact Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource/Receptor Low Medium High Sensitivity

Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered minor.

Significance of Residual Impact

By implementing the above mitigation measures, the residual impact due to the Project on noise is envisaged to be negligible with regard to day time and minor with regard to nigh time noise.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 203

7.6 KEY ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS

Interactions that are likely to lead to significant impacts on ecology and biodiversity in the study area are listed in Table 7.38 and will be the focus of the impact assessment.

Table 7.38 Identified interactions that are likely to result in significant impacts

S. N. Potential Impacts Causes for Impacts 1. Permanent and/or temporary x Removal of vegetation from open areas will affect loss of habitat (terrestrial and mammalian species and nesting/shelter habitat for aquatic) and bird species; burrowing/nesting grounds. x Excavation and construction will affect burrowing species through loss of habitat, modify species composition in the area and create disturbing levels of noise for sensitive species; and x Sedimentation or contamination of any water bodies could negatively affect species that rely on aquatic habitats. 2. Disturbance and displacement x Increased movement of vehicles and people of resident species due to increases stress levels of fauna and causes noise, light, anthropogenic displacement from areas of anthropogenic activity; movement, etc. and x Noise, light and unattended (and uncovered) wastes can attract or repel faunal species that are affected by waste 3. Mortality as a result of x Road kills especially for smaller mammalian vehicular and machine species, reptiles and amphibians that utilize operations transition habitats near construction sites or motorable roads. 4. Mortality as a result of worker x Improper regulation of demographic influx that influx and improved allows for increased trapping and killing of community access from resident wildlife. hunting, trapping and poaching. 5. Collision and mortality risk to x Operation of the wind farm acts as a hazard to avifauna and bats from flying birds and bats that might collide with the operating wind turbine blades turbine components or be affected by changes in the pressure created by blade movement; and x Multiple wind farms in the area can exponentially increase the impact levels on avifaunal species with regards to collision related mortalities, energy expedition to avoid wind turbine blades and inaccessibility to certain habitats. Excessive wind farm construction also changes the landscape to open plains terrain and promotes a different species composition. 6. Collision and electrical x Transmission lines create an electrical hazard to the hazards from transmission large number of passerine (“perching”) birds and infrastructure on avifauna raptors found in the project study area.

Assessment Criteria

ERM Impact Assessment Standards defines sensitivity of ecological receptors by determining the significance of effects on species and habitats separately.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 204

The significance tables for species and habitats are given in Table 7.39 and Table 7.40 respectively.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 205

Table 7.39 Habitat-Impact Assessment Criteria

Habitat Sensitivity/ Value Magnitude of Effect on Baseline Habitats Negligible Small Medium Large Effect is within Affects only a small Affects part of the Affects the entire the normal area of habitat, such habitat but does not habitat, or a significant range of that there is no loss threaten the long- portion of it, and the variation of viability/ term viability/ long-term viability/ function of the function of the function of the habitat habitat habitat is threatened. Negligible Habitats with negligible interest for biodiversity. Not Not significant Not significant Not significant significant Low Habitats with no, or only a local designation / recognition, habitats of significance for species listed as of Least Concern (LC) on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Not Not significant Minor Moderate habitats which are common and widespread within the significant region, or with low conservation interest based on expert opinion. Medium Habitats within nationally designated or recognised areas, habitats of significant importance to globally Vulnerable (VU) Near Threatened (NT), or Data Deficient (DD) species, habitats of significant importance for nationally Not Minor Moderate Major restricted range species, habitats supporting nationally significant significant concentrations of migratory species and / or congregatory species, and low value habitats used by species of medium value. High Habitats within internationally designated or recognised areas; habitats of significant importance to globally Critically Endangered (CR) or Endangered (EN) species, habitats of significant importance to endemic and/or globally restricted-range species, habitats supporting Not Moderate Major Critical globally significant concentrations of migratory species and significant / or congregatory species, highly threatened and/or unique ecosystems, areas associated with key evolutionary species, and low or medium value habitats used by high value species.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 206

Table 7.40 Species-Impact Assessment Criteria

Baseline Species Sensitivity/ Value Magnitude of Effect on Species Negligible Small Medium Large Effect is within Effect does not Effect causes a substantial Affects entire population, or a the normal range cause a change in abundance significant part of it causing a of variation for substantial and/or reduction in substantial decline in abundance the population of change in the distribution of a and/or change in and recovery of the species population of the population over one, or the population (or another species or other more generations, but does dependent on it) is not possible species not threatened the long either at all, or within several dependent on it term viability/ function of generations due to natural that population dependent recruitment (reproduction, on it. immigration from unaffected areas). Negligible Species with no specific value or Not significant Not significant Not significant Not significant importance attached to them. Low Species and sub-species of LC on the IUCN Red List, or not meeting criteria Not significant Not significant Minor Moderate for medium or high value. Medium Species on IUCN Red List as VU, NT, or DD, species protected under national legislation, nationally restricted range species, nationally important numbers Not significant Minor Moderate Major of migratory, or congregatory species, species not meeting criteria for high value, and species vital to the survival of a medium value species.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 207

Baseline Species Sensitivity/ Value Magnitude of Effect on Species Negligible Small Medium Large High Species on IUCN Red List as CR, or EN. Species having a globally restricted range (i.e. plants endemic to a site, or found globally at fewer than 10 sites, fauna having a distribution range (or globally breeding range for bird species) Not significant Moderate Major Critical less than 50,000 km2), internationally important numbers of migratory, or congregatory species, key evolutionary species, and species vital to the survival of a high value species.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 208

The following section analyses the impacts shown in Table 7.38 with respect to sensitive habitat or species described in the ecological baseline. The impacts have been described by phases in the wind farm project life cycle with majority of the impacts coming from the construction and operation phases of the project.

7.6.2 Impacts during construction Phase

The biggest source of ecological impacts in the construction phase is associated with the clearing of vegetation. Impacts from the construction phase of the project on the local ecology have been assessed with respect to the following activities:

x Removal of vegetation from agricultural land for the WTG foundation construction and ancillary facilities: o Impact on scrubland species and the loss of connectivity between habitats or to resources within a habitat, and x Impacts from excavation and construction activity on habitats and sensitive species: o Impact on burrowing species, and o Effect of sediment and contaminant input into surrounding water bodies; and x Laying of access and internal roads for the project. x Laying of transmission lines and transmission towers

Impact due to Vegetation Clearance

Context

Vegetation clearance is the first step in the establishment of labour camps, access/internal roads and excavation for the erection of WTG foundations and ancillary facilities. Clearing of vegetation from agricultural land further reduces options for nesting habitat, shelter from predators, foraging resources, shade, perching habitat and breeding sites. The loss of vegetation can also have a negative effect on soil quality and hamper survival of floral species, burrowing faunal species and foraging resources for herbivores in the area.

Embedded/ In-built Controls

The impacts during the construction activity will be short term and the construction of the project will be executed in a phased manner. Clearance of vegetation shall be limited to WTG erection site comprising of laydown and crane movement area. The clearance shall be limited to duration required and once the construction activities will cease, the vegetation should be allowed to grow naturally.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 209

Significance of Impacts

The significance of impacts from vegetation clearance is being assessed as per Table 7.39 for agricultural land and Table 7.40 for small mammal species, herpetofauna and avifaunal species.

Vegetation clearance for the construction activities will lead to removal of vegetation at the WTG location and access roads. The ecological baseline section reveal that the tree species located at or within the immediate vicinity of the WTG locations are Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa, Prosopis cineraria, Tamarindus indica, Albizia saman, Millettia pinnata, Cocos nucifera, Delonix regia, Moringa oleifera and Borassus flabellifer. Construction of WTG sites could lead to clearance of these tree species. In addition, vegetation clearance could also remove few shrub and herb species. Vegetation clearance will lead to habitat disturbance for reptiles such as Indian Rat snake (Ptyas mucosus), Oriental Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor), birds like Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), Large grey babbler (Turdoises malcolmi), Ashy crowned Sparrow Lark (Eremopterix griseus), Rufous Tailed Lark (Ammomanes phoenicura) etc. and mammals such as Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata), Indian Grey Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) and Indian Hare (Lepus nigricollis) etc.

The clearance of vegetation is expected to have an impact on habitat for species (birds, mammals and some reptiles) that utilize those resources. However, there is substantial habitat for these species in the region and any impact within the wind farm area is unlikely to cause loss of habitat viability and function in the region.

Impact magnitude is thereby considered Small as per Table 7.39 The sensitivity of these habitats is considered High as per Table 7.39 as they may have some significance for IUCN Endangered species (viz. Indian Pangolin), do not have any recognized conservation areas and are common and widespread.

One Endangered species, the Indian Pangolin and two Near Threatened species, the Red-necked Falcon and Blackbuck are dependent on agricultural habitats. The site has several bird species and two mammalian species (Indian Pangolin and Blackbuck) protected under Schedule I of the IWPA and therefore the site has been deemed to have High sensitivity (as per Table 7.40). The impacts described above will not cause a significant change in the population of these species and therefore the impact magnitude has been deemed small (as per Table 7.40).

The overall impact significance has been assessed as moderate for habitats and moderate for species.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 210

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will further reduce the impact significance on the habitat and species:

x Vegetation disturbance and clearance should be restricted to the project activity area – location of laydown area, labour camp, construction activities and storage areas; x Areas with vegetation patches around water sources should be avoided during the planning of access/internal roads, storage areas, labour camps and ancillary facilities; x Top soil that is disturbed should be stored separately for restoration of the habitat; x Unnecessary disturbance of neighbouring vegetation due to off-road vehicular movement, fuel wood procurement, needless expansion of labour camp and destruction of floral resources should be prohibited; x Simultaneous revegetation on outskirts of project activity area should be practiced for areas that are determined to have loose or unstable soil to avoid erosion; x Local grass species should be seeded in disturbed areas during monsoon season; and x Strict prohibition should be maintained on use of fuel wood and shrubs from nearby areas as kitchen fuel.

Significance of Residual Impacts

Removal of vegetation can have a direct and indirect impact on the local ecology. The impact is limited to the construction phase of the project, following which the vegetation can recover. The significance of the residual impacts is Not Significant for species.

Table 7.41 Impact significance of vegetation clearance during the construction phase

Impact Clearance of vegetation Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to construction area and immediate surroundings Frequency Construction phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High (Agricultural lands) Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High (Species) Not Significant Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Moderate for habitat and species.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 211

Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude

Residual Impact Not Significant Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered Not Significant for species.

Construction Activities

Context

Vegetation clearance and habitat disturbance are two of the biggest impacts from construction activities and have already been covered in the previous section. This category will focus on excavation, increased anthropogenic movement (men and transport) in the project study area, noise and increased chance of sedimentation/contamination of water resources. These activities are assessed with respect to disturbance of habitats and species.

Excavation for the construction of the WTG foundation and ancillary facilities will have a direct impact on burrowing fauna, such as the Indian Pangolin and an indirect impact on flora/fauna through the changing of soil properties. A decrease in soil quality will affect surrounding vegetation and reduce foraging resources for herbivorous species. Increased sediment input or any contaminant input into local water bodies, decreases the water quality and results in loss of foraging resources for dependent fauna, water resources for flora and habitat for herpetofauna.

Anthropogenic movement will result in an increased stress placed on fauna in the area that will have to remain alert for an extended period of time and may prevent proper breeding, nesting, mating, socializing and foraging. Noise from anthropogenic movement (men and transport) along with the construction activities may further disturb fauna in the nearby areas.

Embedded/ In-built Controls

The labour force and the supervisory staff will be provided in-house and external trainings for the situations dealing with wildlife encounters and dos and don’ts while dealing with these situations. Selection of labour camps, batching plants and equipment laydown areas will be located away from the areas where the wildlife movement is reported.

Significance of Impacts

The significance of impacts from construction activities is being assessed as per Table 7.39 for agricultural land and water bodies and Table 7.40 for burrowing species (Indian grey mongoose, snakes and lizards) and aquatic species (amphibians and birds).

Excavation activities can have a detrimental impact on the soil properties in the area that will have an effect on burrowing species, neighbouring flora and

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 212

fauna. Burrowing animals including Indian Pangolin, snakes (Indian Rat snake, Russell’s Viper etc.), ground-roosting bird species and lizard burrowing holes can be directly affected by excavation or indirectly affected by the weakening of the soil layers. The weakening of soil layers will also promote grass and shorter vegetation instead of denser scrub and can change the floral and faunal composition in the area.

Aquatic species including several waders (egrets, herons, stilts and sandpipers), waterfowl (Spot-billed Ducks, Bar-headed Geese), water birds (cormorants, darters, ibis’es and waterhens) and amphibians (frogs and toads) will be directly affected by the deterioration in water quality. For most of the species, the effect will be through the loss of foraging resources. This is because floral composition can change from the changes in water quality, as species that are more tolerant to harsher water conditions would thrive along the banks of the waterbody.

Anthropogenic movement will create an increased stress on faunal species. Mammals, birds and reptiles in the project study area are particularly susceptible to this movement. Mammal species are also susceptible to higher noise levels from anthropogenic movement and construction due to their better auditory perception. Noises can affect mating and breeding behaviour in all species that utilize sound to communicate with one another and find suitable mates.

The sensitivity of these habitats is considered High as per Table 7.2 as they may have some significance for IUCN Endangered species and Schedule I mammal species. Sensitivity of species is considered High as per Table 7.3 as there are globally threatened species and Schedule I mammal species as per IWPA (1972), which may experience impacts.

Impact magnitude on habitat is considered Small as impacts occur over a small area and do not affect habitat function/viability regionally. Impact magnitude on species is considered Small as they do not cause a significant change to the population of these species.

The overall impact significance has been assessed as Moderate for habitat and Moderate for species.

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will further reduce the impact significance on the habitat and species: x Construction and transportation activities should be avoided at night (6:00 pm to 6:00 am) and should particularly avoid high activity areas like tree clusters or water bodies during dawn (6:00 am to 7:30 am) and dusk (5:00 pm to 6:00 pm); x Areas with pre-existing burrows or ground roosting sites of birds should be avoided when possible;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 213

x Temporary barriers should be installed on excavated areas; x Hazardous materials should not be stored near natural drainage channels; x Simultaneous revegetation on outskirts of project activity area should be practiced for areas that have loose or unstable soil to avoid erosion and sedimentation; x Efforts should be made to minimize construction noise and the use of noise barriers should be considered for high noise levels; x Waste materials should be cleared in a timely manner and the use of artificial lights should be minimized so as to not attract wildlife; x Good housekeeping should be followed for construction activities, waste packaging material should be properly disposed; x Proper sanitation facilities should be provided at the labour camps; x Labour movement should be restricted between construction camps and construction sites; x Vehicle movement should be restricted in areas and times where wildlife is most active; x Anti-poaching, trapping and hunting policy among employees and contractors should be strictly enforced; and x General awareness regarding fauna should be enhanced through trainings, posters, etc. among the staff and labourers.

Residual Impact Significance

The implementation of suggested mitigation measures can significantly reduce the impacts from excavation and sedimentation/contamination but there will still be some impacts due to noise and anthropogenic movement. The residual impacts for species will remain at Minor as while impacts of construction activity will be reduced there will continue to be some disturbance to fauna and flora.

Table 7.42 Impact significance of construction activities during the construction phase

Impact significance of construction activities during the construction Impact phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Largely restricted to construction area and immediate surroundings Impact Scale with potential to have impacts on water bodies Frequency Construction phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High (Habitat) Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High (Species) Not significant Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Moderate for habitat and species.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 214

Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude

Residual Impact Not significant Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered Moderate for species

Laying of approach roads

Context

Approach roads are integral part of any wind farm projects as they are established usually away from habitation and main commutation routes. These approach roads are solely used for project related activities. Construction of approach roads are the only activities in the construction phase that can be adjusted to a large degree based on ecological concerns. The construction of roads to connect the individual WTGs with the main access road should be conducted with respect to the following ecological concerns mentioned below:

Embedded/ In-built Controls x Avoidance of vegetation clusters; x Approach road should not be constructed in forest patches in proximity to the WTGs; x Conducted with minimum clearance of vegetation with proper use of the open barren spaces present on site; x Avoid large grasses or small shrubs that might be preferred habitat for mammals and bird species; x Avoid ground roosting sites and previously burrowed holes when possible; and x Consult with locals in regards to areas where mammal activities are highest and these areas should be avoided for approach road construction.

Whenever feasible, existing village or tractor roads should be upgraded to create an approach road minimizing the disturbances on local flora and fauna.

Significance of Impacts

The significance of impacts from construction activities is being assessed as per Table 7.39 for open scrubland and agricultural lands and for burrowing species, mammals and breeding birds.

The agricultural areas show the predominance of trees like Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa, Prosopis cineraria, Tamarindus indica, Albizia saman, Millettia pinnata, Cocos nucifera, Delonix regia, Moringa oleifera and Borassus flabellifer, and shrubs like Argemone mexicana, Capparis decidua and Cassia auriculata. Approach roads are generally unpaved and movement of vehicles in unpaved roads often leads to dust deposition on nearby vegetation which may affect photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and overall affect the productivity.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 215

The faunal species most susceptible to approach road construction are ground roosting birds, burrowing animals and mammalian species. In Belluguppa wind farm these comprise:

x Ground roosting birds: Larks, quails, nightjars, lapwings, etc. x Burrowing animals: Common fox, lizards, snakes, etc. x Mammalian species: Indian Pangolin and Blackbuck.

All of the above have preferred habitat for foraging, mating and nesting/nurturing that could be affected by approach road construction. Approach roads falling within natural pathways of mammal and reptile species could increase the chances of road kill.

The sensitivity of these habitats is considered High as per Table 7.2 as they have some significance for IUCN Endangered Species (viz. Indian Pangolin). Sensitivity of species is considered High as there are globally threatened species and Schedule I mammal species as per IWPA (1972), experiencing these impacts.

Impact magnitude for habitat is considered Small as impacts occur over a small area and do not affect habitat function/viability regionally. Furthermore impacts to species are considered Small as they do not cause a significant change to the population of these species.

The overall impact significance has been assessed as Moderate for habitats and Moderate for species

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will further reduce the impact significance on the habitat and species: x It is recommended that construction of roads for the project be carried out in a phased manner by focusing on clusters of WTGs at a given time to allow impacted fauna to adjust to the disturbed areas; x Construction and transportation activities should be avoided at night (6:00 pm to 6:00 am) and if possible avoid times of high activity during dawn (6:00 am to 7:30 am) and dusk (5:00 pm to 6:00 pm); x Anti-poaching and hunting policy should be strictly enforced; x Number of routes should be minimized for construction and transportation; x Speed limit of vehicles plying on these routes should be kept to 10-15 km/hr to avoid road kill; x If access roads are created in key crossing points for herpetofauna and smaller mammals, then culverts or alternate paths should be provided to avoid road kill; and x When grasses or small shrubs are removed for access road construction, replanting should be implemented after the construction phase to allow mammals and birds to utilize these resources in the next breeding season.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 216

Residual Impact Significance

If the mitigation measures and in-built controls are followed then the residual impacts for species can be reduced to Not significant.

Table 7.43 Impact significance of approach road laying during construction phase

Impact Construction of Approach roads Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to approach roads and construction areas Frequency Construction phase Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High (Habitat) Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High (Species) Not Significant Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Moderate for habitats and species. Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Not Significant Minor Moderate Major Residual Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Not significant both for habitat and species.

7.6.3 Impacts during Operation Phase

The biggest source of ecological impacts in the operation phase is associated avifauna and bat mortality and collision risk with operating wind turbine blades and electrical hazards from transmission infrastructure. The impacts in the operation phase are considerably larger due to the presence of multiple wind farms in the Belluguppa area that multiply the hazards for flying bird and bat species.

Impacts from the operation phase of the project on the local ecology have been assessed with respect to the following activities:

x Operating wind turbine blades: o Collision and mortality risks to birds and bats; o Air pressure changes from blade movement; o Behavioural avoidance by flying species and increased energy expenditure; and o Barrier effects that lead to connectivity issues and access to resources. x Collision and electrical hazards from transmission infrastructure: o Electrical hazards to birds while perching and taking off from transmission lines; and

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 217

o Risk of colliding with the transmission lines.

Collision and mortality risk to avifauna and bats from operating wind turbine blades

Context

An operational wind farm has several wind turbine generators located 200m to 1 km apart (on average) that rotate at speeds relative to the wind. The rotating blades and the varying speeds of their movement is a collision hazard to flying birds and bats. The hazard is especially pronounced for birds categorized as ‘aerial hunters’, that is, birds that hunt and catch prey in the air. The make of the installed WTG is S111-2.1 MW, and flying birds and bats are susceptible if they fly at a height of 34 to 146 meters from the ground in close vicinity to the operating turbines. A bird that avoids collision with the blades can still be impacted by the visual movement of the blades, noise from the rotation and/or low air pressure areas created by the blades.

Birds adjust to the presence of the wind farm by changing their behaviour. Flight deviation, alternate resource utilization, dispersion from the wind farm area and changing flight heights are types of behavioural changes that the birds can utilize to adjust to the wind farm. These avoidance behaviours however, can still result in night collisions, foggy conditions and collisions due to sudden change in wind speeds. The energy expenditure to avoid the wind farm can be a strain on birds and decrease energy reserves for foraging, hunting, socializing and breeding. The avoidance and dispersion can also lead to loss of foraging resources, habitats and migration pathways.

Embedded / In-built Controls

Embedded controls for wind farm operation would need to be adopted in the planning and construction stage by designing the wind farm to minimize collision risk. Some in-built controls are listed below: x Inter-turbine distance should be large enough that birds can avoid turbine blades and utilize minimal energy while doing so; x Avoid siting of WTGs near water bodies, tree clusters, etc.; and x WTGs should be sited in areas that are visible from a manoeuvrable distance for flying species and shouldn’t be located near sudden changes of elevation, large trees or be blocked by any manmade/natural structure.

Significance of Impacts

The significance of impacts from hazards associated with turbine blade movement is being assessed as per Table 7.39 for bird and bat species.

The birds most susceptible to wind farm collisions are aerial hunters such as the Black shouldered Kite (Elanus axillaris), Red-necked Falcon (Falco chicquera), Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus), Shikra (Accipiter badius), Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Oriental Honey Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus), White-eyed

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 218

Buzzard (Butastur teesa), Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax), Short-toed Snake Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) and Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela). There could be an increase in collision risk with WTG’s to water birds (terns, ibis’es, herons & storks) moving from the Kanekallu Tank and Jeddipalli Reservoir to other wetlands and water bodies in the study area. The birds are at risk of collision if they either fly in the high or low to moderate risk zones as shown below in Figure 7.5. The collision risk increases when there is high wind and low visibility.

Figure 7.5 Schematic representation of collision risk zones to birds and bats

Wind turbine placement also plays a role in barrier effects and habitat utilization of birds. In the study area, this includes placement of wind turbine generators near water bodies, in small open scrub patches, agricultural land, near several previously dried water bodies.

The aforementioned impacts are common to most wind farms in the world. One of the concerns that merits further investigation is the presence of other wind farms within 5 km of the existing wind farm. The presence of other wind farms can enhance the negative impacts on susceptible bird and bat species and has to be analysed further.

The Black-bellied Tern is listed as Endangered and birds that are most susceptible to wind farm collisions are protected by IWP Schedule I, therefore the species sensitivity has been assessed as High. However as most of these species are abundant it is unlikely that mortality from collisions or electrocution will cause any changes in the population regionally, thus magnitude of effect on species would be Small. Impacts from wind farm operation are thereby deemed Moderate.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 219

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will further reduce the impact significance on avifaunal species:

x Flash lamps on the WTGs will prevent bird collision at nights; x Waste materials should not be left lying around and if any waste is found then it should be cleared immediately so as to not attract birds near the WTG blades; x Avoid the use of areas of high bird concentrations; x Wind turbine generators should be properly maintained to ensure that turbine blade speeds are regulated and blade throws are avoided x Restoring herb layers in the vicinity of the site to prevent raptors flying in close vicinity of wind farm to prey on rodents; x Check should be imposed so that dead carcasses are not disposed near the WTG areas so that the vultures are not attracted; x The study area falls within the CAF flight corridor (Figure 5.27). Baseline data generation for bird species visiting the study area during migratory season is required as the monitoring would give probable flight path of migratory birds during their daily movement; x The study should also involve survey of bird species specific to water bodies (ducks and geese) along with terrestrial migratory species which may also be under threat of collision risk; and x Based on the outcome of the study additional mitigation measures shall be suggested.

Residual Impact Significance

After implementation of mitigation measures, the significance of the impacts is retained as Moderate as while mitigation methods may reduce mortality of protected species, we do not anticipate complete cessation of mortality.

Table 7.44 Impact significance of collision and mortality risk to avifauna and bats from operating wind turbine blades

Impact Bird & Bat Collision Risk Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Limited to core zone of the wind farm as well as a displacement radius Impact Scale of 1 km for birds that are showing avoidance behaviour Frequency Operation phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High (Species) Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Moderate for flying fauna

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 220

Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude

Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered Moderate for species

Collision and electrical hazards from transmission infrastructure

Context

Several species of birds identified during the ecological study were found perched on wires and poles in the area. Fifty two kilometres of internal transmission lines with approximately 1037 poles will be constructed. These transmission lines and poles can potentially constitute an electrocution and collision hazard to birds. Some birds also utilize the transmission towers for nesting by placing the nests across wires or using holes in the tower itself.

Embedded/ In-built Control

There are no embedded controls to prevent birds from roosting/nesting on transmission poles and colliding with transmission wires.

Significance of Impacts

Many avifaunal species observed during the ecological survey were perching on existing transmission lines. The species included the Black-shouldered Kite, Indian Roller, Indian Silverbill, Laughing Dove, Pied Bushchat, Purple Sunbird, Small-green Bee-eater, White-breasted Kingfisher, Pied Kingfisher, Long-tailed Shrike and Indian Hoopoe. The number of birds that utilize electrical components for roosting can be considered a representative sample of the number of birds that show this behaviour. The numbers could be higher during breeding and migratory season due to greater nesting habitat required and number of species present respectively. There could be an increase in collision risk with transmission wires to water birds (terns, ibis’es, herons & storks) moving from the Kanekallu Tank and Jeddipalli Reservoir to other wetlands and water bodies in the study area.

Due to the presence of the Endangered Black-bellied Tern and the likelihood that Schedule I species protected under the IWPA (1972) will use the transmission poles, the species sensitivity is assessed as High. As these species are common in the region and the impacts are unlikely to cause changes in the population, the impact magnitude has been assessed as Small.

Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will further reduce the impact significance on avifaunal species:

x The study area falls within the CAF flight corridor (Figure 5.27). Collection of baseline data on migratory birds visiting the study area in the migratory season by using vantage point methodology and

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 221

wetland surveys is required as the monitoring would give probable flight path of migratory birds during their daily movement; x The study will also involve survey of bird species specific to water bodies (ducks and geese) along with terrestrial migratory species which may also be under threat of collision risk; x Based on the outcome of the study additional mitigation measures shall be suggested; x Regular checking of the vacuums or holes in the towers to avoid nesting by any of the birds; x The transmission poles should be raised with suspended insulators in order to reduce the electrocution of bird species; x Bird-safe strain poles require insulating chains at least 60 cm in length should be adopted; and x Marking overhead cables using diffractors and avoiding use in areas of high bird concentrations of species vulnerable to collision.

Residual Impact Significance

After implementation of mitigation measures, the significance of residual impacts will be Moderate. We retain this significance, as while the mitigation measures are likely to reduce mortality, we do not expect complete cessation of mortality.

Table 7.45 Impact significance of collision and electrical hazards from transmission infrastructure on avifaunal species

Impact Electrocution hazards Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Limited to electrical components of the wind farm including wind Impact Scale turbine generators, transmission lines (internal and external) and transmission poles. Frequency Operation phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High (Species) Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is Moderate for species. Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude

Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered Moderate.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 222

7.6.4 Cumulative Impact Assessment for Flying Fauna

The presence of other wind farms in the study area can contribute to multiplying the impacts on the avifaunal species. Birds most susceptible to this are aerial hunters, such as the Black shouldered Kite (Elanus axillaris), Red-necked Falcon (Falco chicquera), Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus), Shikra (Accipiter badius), Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Oriental Honey Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus), White-eyed Buzzard (Butastur teesa), Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax), Short-toed Snake Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) and Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela).

As per Scottish Natural Heritage’s assessment of cumulative impacts of onshore wind energy developments (1), the following needs to be factored into a cumulative impact assessment for birds in wind farms:

Table 7.46 Summary of cumulative impacts

Cumulative Impact Relevance to Remarks Parameter current study Construction of Not Relevant The Belluguppa wind farm is not located in proximity wind farm near an to any protected or Eco-sensitive area. eco-sensitive area Threatened or Relevant Endangered, Near Threatened and 10 nationally protected avifaunal protected species were recorded in the study area. species found in the project study area Increased Relevant Whitfield and Roddick did a study on disturbance disturbance on distance for select bird species and found that avifaunal species approximately 155 m is the median distance at which from anthropogenic breeding birds will enter an ‘alert’ state and movement, noise approximately 60 m is the median distances for and visual hazards breeding birds to take flight. from multiple wind farms. Birds that are disturbed in this way have less suitable habitat to move to. Loss of habitat, Relevant Continued difficulty in accessing resources means nesting and that birds may change their overall range, territory foraging sites and and flight patterns, no longer bringing birds to the the resultant wind farm vicinity. A study by Pearce-Higgins et. displacement of al (2) indicates that smaller raptors are displaced by population 500-1000m, lapwings are displaced by 200-600m, pipit are displaced by 500-600m and stonechats are displaced by 400-800m from a wind turbine generator on average. With other wind farms developed in close proximity, free space between the windfarm would reduce; reduction in space could lead to lack of foraging and nesting sites and increased competition Increased risk of Relevant Collision risk is calculated as annual loss of avifauna collisions for the duration of the wind farm life cycle (~25-30 years). One of the factors that determine collision risk is inter-turbine distance across all wind farms in the area. The inter-turbine distance in the study area is

(1) http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/A675503.pdf (2) Pearce-Higgins, J.W. et. al. 2009. The distribution of breeding birds around upland wind farms. Journal of Applied Ecology. 46: 1323-1331

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 223

Cumulative Impact Relevance to Remarks Parameter current study 500m minimum but the inter-turbine distance as a function of the other wind farms is undetermined and would need to be obtained to understand the collision risk. Excessive energy Relevant Birds that are disturbed or displaced will find expenditure from alternate routes to find foraging resources, nesting behavioural habitat or migration pathways and would therefore avoidance and utilize more energy in the process. The presence of behavioural multiple wind farms indicate that birds would need displacement even more energy to completely avoid wind turbine generators or travel by even longer routes for migration and daily flight patterns. Increased noise and Relevant The combined movement of wind turbine blades will visual impacts from increase low pressure zones, visual impacts from blade movement shadow flicker and noise on communities and biodiversity. The impacts from the above are less than collision and electrical risk associated with wind farm but will contribute to the cumulative impacts on the local ecology.

To determine the cumulative impacts for current study, it is recommended that a desktop study be carried out to know the following;

x Inter-turbine distance for other wind farms (operational, under construction and proposed) in the area; x Presence of IWP Schedule I and any species not classified as “Least Concern” according to IUCN Red List V 2016.1 from ecological baseline studies carried out in adjoining wind farms; x Secondary information on avifaunal presence in all water bodies or habitat features across a 5 km radius of other wind farm; x Basic modelling to understand habitats that would be inaccessible due to wind farm design, bird displacement numbers as provided by Pearce- Higgins et. al study; and x Basic modelling on anthropogenic activity in the area by obtaining information on village census, industries/projects that are active in the vicinity and any proposed projects that are coming up in the region in the next 5 years.

A cumulative impact assessment will utilize the following formula:

Box 7.2 Cumulative Impact Assessment

Cumulative Impact Assessment § Collision Mortality Displacement Habitat Loss § $QQXDOORVVHV\HDU$YHUDJHdisplacement of susceptible bird species + +HFWDUHVRIKDELWDWORVWDVDSURFHVVRIGLVSODFHPHQWDQGDQWKURSRJHQLF development.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 224

7.7 KEY SOCIAL IMPACTS

7.7.1 Impacts to local communities

Criteria

For the assessment of social impacts, the sensitivity and magnitude criteria outlined in Table 7.47 and Table 7.48 respectively have been used. The social impacts associated with the construction, operations and decommissioning stages have been assessed qualitatively and in some cases quantitatively (subject to availability of data), using professional judgement and based on past experience from similar projects.

Table 7.47 Impact Magnitude for Local Communities

Extent / Duration / Scale / Frequency Change dominates over baseline conditions. Affects the majority of the area Large or population in the area of influence and/or persists over many years. The impact may be experienced over a regional or national area. Clearly evident difference from baseline conditions. Tendency is that impact affects a substantial area or number of people and/or is of medium duration. Medium Frequency may be occasional and impact may potentially be regional in scale. Perceptible difference from baseline conditions. Tendency is that impact is Small local, rare and affects a small proportion of receptors and is of a short duration. Change remains within the range commonly experienced within the Negligible household or community.

Table 7.48 Receptor Sensitivity for Local Communities

Category Profound or multiple levels of vulnerability that undermine the ability to High adapt to changes brought by the Project. Some but few areas of vulnerability; but still retaining an ability to at least in Medium part adapt to change brought by the Project. Minimal vulnerability; consequently with a high ability to adapt to changes Low brought by the Project and opportunities associated with it.

On the basis of this understanding of magnitude and sensitivity, the significance of impacts will be assessed, as depicted in the table below.

Table 7.49 Impact Significance Matrix

Receptor Sensitivity Impact Magnitude Negligible Small Medium Large Low Negligible Negligible Minor Moderate Medium Negligible Minor Moderate Major High Negligible Moderate Major Critical

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 225

Impact Significance on Community Health and Safety due to Traffic Hazards

Source of Impact

The receptors for impacts on community health and safety include settlements in the close proximity of the project site (within 1km and along the access road and transmission line (within 100 m from the centreline), which will be exposed to health and safety impacts related to the project activities.

Since the project is in its operational phase the key community health and safety risk include: x Cumulative impacts of increased traffic in the area owing to the numerous wind farm projects in the area; and x Risk from collapse of WTG structures due to accidental blade throws and natural disasters

Embedded/ In Built Control

Suzlon has a health and safety policy in place which includes community health and safety. The Policy states that Suzlon will ‘Proactively consult and communicate with employees and stakeholders about health, safety and environment matters.’ Consequently, all the drivers for Suzlon has been briefed and trained on vehicle safety and controlled speed.

Significance of Impact

Based on the above the impact after implementing the embedded controls is assessed to be moderate.

Additional Mitigation Measures

The following risk mitigation measures are suggested to minimize the risks/hazards with the operational phase of the project on the community health and safety:

x As part of stakeholder engagement, the project will also propagate health awareness amongst the community, including setting up of health camps, x The traffic movement for the project in the area will be regulated to ensure road and pedestrian (including livestock) safety and the local community should be given an orientation regarding traffic safety

Table 7.50 Impact Significance on Community Health and Safety due to Traffic Hazards

Impact Social and Community Health and Safety Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Limited to Project Footprint area Frequency Project lifecycle Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible small Medium Large

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 226

Impact Social and Community Health and Safety Resource/Receptor Sensitivity Low Medium High

Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered Moderate Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of Residual Impacts is considered Minor

Significance of Residual Impacts

The Residual Impact Significance has envisaged to be minor.

Impacts to communities due to shadow flicker incidents

Overview

Shadow flicker is a term used to describe the pattern of alternating light intensity observed when the rotating blades of a wind turbine cast a shadow on a receptor under certain wind and light conditions. Shadow flicker occurs under a limited range of conditions when the sun passes behind the hub of a wind turbine and casts an intermittent shadow over neighbouring properties.

Indian energy planning and environmental policies and legislation contains no specific shadow flicker requirements and recommendations. At present, only Germany has detailed guidelines on limits and conditions for calculating shadow impact.1 The International guidelines for shadow flicker assessment is summarised in Box 7.3.

Box 7.3 International Guidelines for Shadow Flicker Assessment

According to the German guidelines, the limit of the shadow is set by two factors: 7KHDQJOHRIWKHVXQRYHUWKHKorizon must be at least 3 degrees; 7KHEODGHRIWKH:7*PXVWFRYHUDWOHDVWRIWKHVXQ The maximum shadow impact for a neighbour to a wind farm according to the German guidelines is: 0D[LPXPKRXUVSHU\HDURIDVWURQRPLFDOPD[LPXPVKDGRZ ZRUVWcase); 0D[LPXPPLQXWHVZRUVWGD\RIDVWURQRPLFDOPD[LPXPVKDGRZ ZRUVWFDVH DQG ,IDXWRPDWLFUHJXODWLRQLVXVHGWKHUHDOVKDGRZLPSDFWPXVWEHOLPLWHGWRKRXUVSHU\HDU

In Sweden and Denmark there are no official guidelines as yet on shadow flickering, but for practical purposes, 10 hours (Denmark) and 8 hours (Sweden) real case (weather-dependent) shadow impact is used as the limit. In the UK, no official limits are in force, however an assessment must be made at all dwellings within ten rotor diameters of the turbine locations (PPS22 (2004) for England), TAN8 for Wales). In Ireland, a worst-case 30 hours per year, 30 minutes per day limit has been set.

(1) 1 These are found in “Hinweise zur Ermittlung und Beurteilung der optischen Immissionen von Windenergianlagen” (WEA-Shattenwurf-Hinweise).

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 227

Note: In India, at present there is no standard in case of non-forest land diversion for wind power projects. However, as per Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEFCC) guidelines, a minimum distance of 300 m is recommended between windmill and highways or village habitation.

Shadow flicker is most pronounced at sunrise and sunset when shadows are the longest, and at high wind speeds (faster rotating blades leading to faster flicker). A UK government report recommends that for inhabitants near wind turbines, shadow flicker should be limited to 30 hours in a year and 30 minutes in a day1. There is anecdotal evidence internationally that shadow flicker could lead to stress and headaches. There is also a fear that shadow flicker, especially in the range of 2.5-50 Hertz (2.5-50 cycles per second) could lead to seizures in epileptics and may also scare away livestock.

An analysis of those conditions that may lead to shadow flicker and the location of potential sensitive receptors (residential and community properties) is provided in this section. The timing and duration of this effect can be theoretically calculated from the geometry of the wind turbines, their orientation relative to nearby houses and the latitude of the potential site, using specialised software such as WindPro 3.0. The results provide the total number of hours in a year when a theoretical shadow flicker will occur. This is most pronounced during sunrise and sunset when the sun’s angle is lower and the resulting shadows are longer. However the actual shadow flicker could be substantially lower compared to theoretical values because shadow flicker does not occur where there is vegetation or other obstructions between the turbines and the shadow receptors; if windows facing a turbine are fitted with blinds or shutters; or if the sun is not shining brightly enough to cause shadows. The theoretical calculations done by WindPro 3.0 does take into account the reduction in shadow flicker due to topographic features, however it does not take into account the reduction in shadow flicker due to these onsite factors i.e. vegetation. Simple geometry relating to the position of the sun and the angle of the turbine blades can also eliminate or significantly reduce the effects of shadow flicker. In addition, shadow flicker will only occur inside buildings where the flicker is occurring through a narrow window opening.

Weather conditions at the site, such as bright sunshine, will greatly enhance the occurrence and intensity of shadow flicker, whereas cloud density, haze or fog will cause a reduction. Receptors further away from the turbines which may have experienced a shadow flicker effect under bright sunshine conditions will, as a result of these weather conditions, experience either no effect or one which is greatly reduced in intensity. The distance between receptors and turbines has a large effect on the intensity of shadow flicker. Shadow flicker intensity can be defined as the difference in brightness between the presence and absence of a shadow at any given location. This study does not examine variations in intensity but rather the occurrence in number of hours shadow flicker may occur, whether or not this is clearly

(2) (1) Draft EIA Guidelines Wind Power Sector, prepared by Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 228

distinct or barely noticeable. The assessment assumes a conservative worst case of bright sunshine conditions in all periods when flicker may occur.

Considering all of the above points, the likelihood of shadow flicker occurring is greatest when the circumstances listed below exist simultaneously. x The receptor is at a position which is between 130° clockwise (1) and anticlockwise from north and located within 10 turbine rotor diameters of the wind turbine (~1000 m). x The sun is shining and visible in the sky in line with the monthly mean sun-shine hours at nearby location. x The wind speeds are between 3 m/s and 22 m/s and the turbine is therefore in operation. x The turbine blades are perpendicular to the line between the sun and the observer or receptor most of time as per reported wind mast data.

In India at present, there is no agreed level of shadow flicker identified as causing a significant effect. However, considering the international guidelines (refer to Box 7.3) a threshold of 30 hours per year has therefore been considered and applied for this assessment.

Assessment Methodology and Modelling

Shadow flicker calculations have been made using WindPro 3.0. software. The model used in this analysis is very conservative and assumes the following conditions: x the mean monthly sunshine hours have been taken from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) station at Chennai covering the data period (1969 – 1993)2; x the wind turbines have been considered operational with wind speed more than 3 m/s and for the same wind mast data has been considered, which indicates that about 83% time of the year, the wind turbines will be operational; x the blades of the wind turbines are perpendicular with northwest - southeast orientation have been considered based on the predominant wind direction available from the wind mast data at site, which could result in maximum possible size circular/ elliptical; x there are no trees, buildings or vegetation on the surface which may obscure the line of sight between shadow receptor and turbine; x the sun can be represented as a single point; x Flicker is ignored if sun is less than 3° above horizon (due to atmospheric diffusion/ low radiation/ sheltering); x Huts with windows as well as concrete structures within settlements are considered as shadow receptors1.

(1) It is acknowledged by this assessment however that India is at a lower latitude than the European countries and therefore angles of shadow flicker may be narrower. (1) 2 Available in WindPro database of climatological data

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 229

The following data inputs were used in this study: x a digital elevation model of the site (National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Data at 30 m resolution); x latitude and longitude at centre of the site used to calculate the position of the sun (calculated in GIS using WGS84); x mean monthly sun-shine hours recorded over a period of 25 years at a nearby IMD solar radiation station (Chennai); x wind mast data at site for wind class and frequency distribution; x turbine locations – coordinates (identified in GIS); x turbine rotor diameter for Suzlon S111 turbines is 111 m; x hub height is 90 m; x tilt angle of the ‘window’ (always assumed vertical); x shadow receptors contain on openings measuring 0.9 m by 1.2 m facing towards the closest wind turbines; and x height above ground level of the ‘window’ 0.9 m.

Receptors

The maximum horizontal distance between a receptor affected by shadow flicker and turbine location for example has been identified as being equal to the diameter of the turbine multiplied by ten. In this instance, turbine rotor diameter is 111.80 m; and therefore an area envelope of 1000 m from the nearest turbine is used in shadow flicker analyses. However, the shadow receptors have been taken into consideration falling within 500 m from each of the WTG as the impact of shadow flicker reduces with distance.

Based on the site walkthrough for the purpose of WTG profiling receptors have been observed within 500 m and have been elaborated upon in the WTG profiling in Chapter 2 of this report.

The Model – WindPro Shadow

SHADOW is the WindPro 3.0 calculation module that calculates how often and in which intervals a specific neighbour or area will be affected by shadows generated by one or more WTGs. These calculations are worst-case scenarios (astronomical maximum shadow, i.e. calculations which are solely based on the positions of the sun relative to the WTG). Shadow impact may occur when the blades of a WTG pass through the sun’s rays seen from a specific spot (e.g. a window in an adjacent settlement). If the weather is overcast or calm, or if the wind direction forces the rotor plane of the WTG to stand parallel with the line between the sun and the neighbour, the WTG will not produce shadow impacts, but the impact will still appear in the calculations. In other words, the calculation is a worst-case scenario, which represents the maximum potential risk of shadow impact. A calendar can be

(1) 1 It is likely that some of these straw huts are also used as shaded structure for cattle and storage areas.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 230

printed for any specific point of observation, which indicates the exact days, and time periods where shadow impact may occur. Apart from calculating the potential shadow impact at a given neighbour, a map rendering the iso-lines of the shadow impact can also be printed. This printout will render the amount of shadow impact for any spot within the project area.

The calculation of the potential shadow impact at a given shadow receptor is carried out simulating the situation. The position of the sun relative to the WTG rotor disk and the resulting shadow is calculated in steps of 1 minute throughout a complete year. If the shadow of the rotor disk (which in the calculation is assumed solid) at any time casts a shadow reflection on the window, which has been defined as a shadow receptor object, then this step will be registered as 1 minute of potential shadow impact. The following information is required: x The position of the WTGs (x, y, z coordinates) x The hub height and rotor diameter of the WTGs x The position of the shadow receptor object (x, y, z coordinates) x The size of the window and its orientation, both directional (relative to south) and tilt (angle of window plane to the horizontal). x The geographic position (latitude and longitude) together with time zone and daylight saving time information. x A simulation model, which holds information about the earth’s orbit and rotation relative to the sun.

The map showing the WTGs of the project and the shadow receptor has been presented in Figure 7.6. The map of shadow flicker in the real case scenario is presented in Figure 7.7. The project shadow flicker assessment data overview has been provided in Annex I. The project shadow calendar graphical has been provided in Annex J.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 231

Figure 7.6 Map showing WTG and shadow receptor for the Project

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 232

Figure 7.7 Map showing WTG and shadow receptor for the Project: real case scenario

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 233

Table 7.51 Shadow Flicker Analysis for Receptors observed to be within 500 m of the WTGs

Shadow Village UTM Co-ordinates** Height Nearest WTG Approximate Distance Real Case Receptor Code (m) (1) from Nearest WTG Scenario (2) and Type [m] X (m E) Y (m N) Shadow hours per year [hr/year] *

A House Sreerangapuram 83:42 722979 1629496 470.7 BLG-014 0.37 km SSW 0:00 B House Sreerangapuram 722918 1629610 469 BLG-014 0.30 km SSW C House Sreerangapuram 0:00 723180 1630274 465.5 BLG-014 0.43 km N D House Nakalapalli 0:00 726066 1628871 474.9 BLG-015 0.45 km N E House Nakalapalli 0:00 726116 1628810 471.6 BLG-015 0.40 km N G House Beluguppa Tanda 27:42 728671 1627038 486.9 BLG-024 0.44 km E H House Beluguppa Tanda 25:48 728579 1627011 486.5 BLG-024 0.37 km SSE 0:00 I House Beluguppa Tanda 728494 1626985 488.0 BLG-024 0.31 km SSE J House Beluguppa Tanda 0:00 728447 1626915 487.0 BLG-024 0.34 km SSE K House Beluguppa Tanda 0:00 728437 1626786 490.8 BLG-024 0.41 km SSE L House Beluguppa Tanda 0:00 728442 1626709 491.0 BLG-024 0.48 km SSE M House Beluguppa Tanda 0:00 728588 1626850 489.1 BLG-024 0.46 km SSE N House Nakalapalli 7:16 726644 1629101 480.7 BLG-024 0.43 km SSW 5:56 O House Nakalapalli 726566 1629100 480.3 BLG-024 0.48 km SSE P Warehouse Beluguppa 44:05 730422 1626883 476.3 BLG-080 0.48 km W Q House Tagguparthy BLG-157 and Within 500 m radius of 0:00 737275 1628740 489.1 BLG-158 BLG-157 and BLG-158 R House Tagguparthy BLG-157 and Within 500 m radius of 0:00 737202 1628739 488.2 BLG-158 BLG-157 and BLG-158 S House Tagguparthy BLG-157 and Within 500 m radius of 0:00 737113 1628747 491.5 BLG-158 BLG-157 and BLG-158

(1) Height of WTG location above mean sea level (2) Real case scenario is based on climatic information of average sunshine hours in every month of a year based on minimum 25 years data of nearby IMD station. This is not linked with wind speed. However, in real case scenario, availability of WTGs above cut-off velocity do considered which is generally 80 to 90% time of a year.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 234

Shadow Village UTM Co-ordinates** Height Nearest WTG Approximate Distance Real Case Receptor Code (m) (1) from Nearest WTG Scenario (2) and Type [m] X (m E) Y (m N) Shadow hours per year [hr/year] *

T House Tagguparthy BLG-157 and Within 500 m radius of 0:00 737016 1628752 489.8 BLG-158 BLG-157 and BLG-158 U House Tagguparthy BLG-157 and Within 500 m radius of 0:00 737287 1628795 489.9 BLG-158 BLG-157 and BLG-158 V House Tagguparthy BLG-157 and Within 500 m radius of 0:00 737198 1628801 487.7 BLG-158 BLG-157 and BLG-158 W House Tagguparthy BLG-157 and Within 500 m radius of 0:00 737112 1628806 488.5 BLG-158 BLG-157 and BLG-158 X House Tagguparthy BLG-157 and Within 500 m radius of 22:33 737059 1628864 488.7 BLG-158 BLG-157 and BLG-158 Y House Tagguparthy BLG-157 and Within 500 m radius of 29:22 736934 1628898 490.0 BLG-158 BLG-157 and BLG-158 (1) Height of WTG location above mean sea level (1) Real case scenario is based on climatic information of average sunshine hours in every month of a year based on minimum 25 years data of nearby IMD station. This is not linked with wind speed. However, in real case scenario, availability of WTGs above cut-off velocity do considered which is generally 80 to 90% time of a year. *Values highlighted in bold represent greater than 30 hours per year of shadow flicker.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 235

Impact Assessment

Given the guidelines of 30 hours or less per year is considered to be acceptable, the operation of the wind farm theoretically results in shadow flicker impacts that could be considered as significant for the purposes of this study. The results show that theoretical shadow flickers in real case scenario occurs at WTGs BLG-014 and BLG-080 with shadow flicker values of 83:42 and 44:05 shadow hours per year (Table 7.51). Based on the shadow flicker data, the village of Thagguparthy falls within the 500 m radius of both, WTG BLG- 157 and WTG BLG-158, thereby leading to potential shadow flicker impacts in the long term.

It is relevant to emphasise that predicted hours of shadow flicker effects are real case scenarios with certain assumptions. Assumptions made during the analysis include optimal meteorological, natural light and geometrical conditions for the generation of shadow flicker. The assessment does not account for trees or other obstructions that intervene between receptor and turbine during times when effects may occur. The assessment calculation is therefore an over estimation in the probability of effects. It should also be noted that for shadow effects to occur, properties need to be occupied, with blinds or curtains open and views to the wind turbine unobstructed. However, for the purposes of assessment, it has been assumed that all worst- case circumstances apply. The impact assessment of shadow flickering in this regard is envisaged to be minor.

Mitigation Measures

There will be close monitoring through engagement with residents during the operational phase where there are predicted impacts from shadow flicker. The likelihood of direct line of sight to the location of proposed turbine locations can be assessed visually and the potential for using screening like higher fencing and planting trees can be explored at problem locations. The use of curtains can also be explored. If these prove effective and the impacts mitigated, the shutting down of turbines during certain environmental conditions, which meet the physical requirements for theoretical shadow flicker to occur, will not be required.

Should the impact of shadow flicker be identified, and the mitigation measures proposed above prove ineffective, further analysis can be carried out to identify the exact timings and conditions under which shadow flicker occurs, and a technical solution sought. This is likely to involve pre- programming the turbine with dates and times when shadow flicker would cause a nuisance for nearby receptors. A photosensitive cell can be used to monitor sunlight, and the turbine could potentially then be shut down, when the strength of the sun, wind speed and the angle and position of the sun combines to cause a flicker nuisance. As a means of best practice, it would be recommended to shift WTGs to atleast beyond 350 m from the village to minimise the impacts of shadow flicker.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 236

Assessment of Residual Impacts

The results of the WindPro shadow flicker assessment show a real case estimate with certain assumptions and the mitigation measures above will be implemented for the identified properties that experiences shadow flicker.

Residual impacts following the application of required mitigation measures, as discussed above, is likely to result in to negligible impacts.

Table 7.52 Impact Significance of Shadow flickering on sensitive receptors

Impact Shadow Flickering during the Operation Phase Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Impact Scale Within 500 m of WTGs, particularly BLG-014 and BLG-080. Frequency During sunny days Likelyhood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Low Medium High

Resource Sensitivity Shadow flicker impact as a result of WTGs BLG-014 and BLG-080 on receptors with shadow flicker values of 83:42 and 44:05 shadow hours per year Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Considering the overall impact magnitude and vulnerability of social receptors, the impact significance is assessed minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Resource Sensitivity Low Medium High

Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is envisaged to be negligible.

Impacts to communities due to accidents including natural disasters and blade throw incidents

Source of Impact

A failure of the rotor blade can result in the ‘throwing’ of a rotor blade, which may affect public safety. The overall risk of blade throw is extremely low. Further, there are chances of malfunction or destructions due to natural disasters such as storms, cyclones, earthquakes and lightning.

Any communities lying in close proximity to the WTG are receptors of this type of impact. Blade throw risk for public safety is treated as extremely low

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 237

as in the event of failure the blade can reach between 15-100 m from the wind turbine.

The project area is not prone to storms and cyclones and does not fall in an active earthquake prone zone. The Project area falls in Zone II according to the Seismic Hazard Map of India. Zone II is defined as a zone having low damage risk zone and vulnerable to earthquakes of intensity MSK VII (as defined by Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council).

The area witnesses intense lightening during showers and it is possible that a lightning strike could damage various components notwithstanding the lightning protection deployed in the machine. The lightning may cause fire on the WTG and may also spread to any nearby human habitation or vegetation

Micro-siting guidelines take into account safety setback distance. The WTG design and micro-siting guidelines1 reduces the likelihood of safety risks to public to a great extent. Reportedly, the WTGs have embedded lighting protection. The rotor blades are equipped with a lightning receptors mounted in the blade. The turbine is grounded and shielded to protect against lightning, however, lightning is an unpredictable force of nature, and it is possible that a lightning strike could damage various components notwithstanding the lightning protection deployed in the machine.

WTGs will shut down at pre-set wind cut off limits to prevent chances of blade throw.

Significance of Impact

Based on the above the impact significance after implementing the embedded controls is assessed to be negligible.

Additional Mitigation/Management Measures

Although the embedded controls are sufficient to address the effects of accidental impacts, we suggest following measures to be included in the ESMS: x The disaster management cell of the district and the nearest fire-service station should be involved in preparedness for emergency situation; x Company should ensure it has adequate third party insurance cover to meet the financial loss to any third party due to such emergencies.

1 As per micrositing Guidelines by NIWE, the developer shall leave a distance of 2x D perpendicular to the predominant wind direction and 3 XD distance in the pre-dominant wind direction. This hould be applied for flat and complex terrain.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 238

Table 7.53 Significance of impacts of accidents to communities as a result of natural disasters and blade throw incidents

Accidents and natural disasters including natural disasters and blade Impact throw incidents Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Impact Extent Local Regional International Within 100 m of the WTGs. There are no communities in close Impact Scale proximity to any of the WTGs. Frequency Operation phase. Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Receptor Sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered minor. Significance of Residual Impacts Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude

Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major Significance Significance of impact is considered negligible.

Significance of Residual Impact

The Residual Impact Significance has been determined to be negligible.

7.7.2 Economic Loss/Displacement due to selling of land

Source of Impact

On an average 3-5 acres of land is being purchased for each WTG and there are 48 WTGs in the project area. Besides this, 28 acres of land for pooling substation have also been purchased by land aggregator and transferred in the name of Suzlon.

Land use classification of the study area villages as presented in social baseline section shows that more than 90% of total land area of each village is either unirrigated land or culturable waste land. Most of the private farmlands falling in the project area has been officially listed as single crop, non- irrigated land with low productivity. Moreover the income received from cultivation is insufficient to meet their family needs. Hence, most of the cultivators in the area also have alternate source of income. In order to have additional income people are even migrating to urban areas for labor work.

Moreover land of the proposed project is sold on the basis of buyer and seller negotiations and the offer price is reportedly more than the prevailing circle rate. Hence, economic loss from the sale of land is foreseen to have negligible magnitude of impact.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 239

The proceeds of the land sale has provided financial resources to people for investment in non-agricultural pursuits in order to diversify their livelihood options or to invest in better education and future for their kids by migrating to adjacent towns and cities. The land purchase process has escalated the land price and the community would gain more benefits in future land transactions.

Although major portion of land in study area is unirrigated land but still it serves for cultivating two key cash crops of the region i.e. Ground nut and Bengal gram.

Though the area is plagued by low farm productivity and agricultural indebtedness, and the farmers are keen to sell their farm lands at market price, on an average 63% of the main workers in the study area are still agricultural labourers. Moreover, the study area has multiple wind farm projects in operation and the area has witnessed a significant land sale for wind farm projects in the area. This could lead to a cumulative impact on loss of economic livelihood for the local agricultural laborers.

From the consultations, it has also been observed that most of the agricultural laborers are from the marginalized segments of the society. So, they are highly vulnerable to any small changes in the local employment opportunities.

Embedded provision

Suzlon undertakes CSR activities in the project area and as a part of that focuses on increasing micro-enterprise initiatives and provides skill training for women.

Significance of Impact

Based on the above the impact after implementing the embedded controls is assessed to be moderate.

Mitigation Measures

Considering the limited non-farm employment opportunity in project area, CSR activities would contribute towards skilling the locals for alternate income opportunities. x Vocational Skill Development of Women; x Micro-enterprise solutions appropriate for the geographical area; x Water shed management and revival of traditional rainwater harvesting measures for improving land for agriculture; and x Revival of millets and other traditional food grains and promotion of organic agricultural practices. This would reduce the water stress for irrigation as well as reduce the input costs for farming.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 240

Significance of Residual Impact

Based on the above the impact after implementing the embedded controls is assessed to be minor.

Table.7.54 Significance of impact due to economic loss due to selling of land

Impact Economic loss due to selling of land Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Local Regional International Impact Extent Impact is likely to affect the project foot print area villages. Number of land owners actually being impacted by the project is quite Impact Scale small as compared to combined size of population of the villages where land parcel has been purchase or planned to be purchased. Frequency Pre-Construction Phase Likelihood Likely Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Low Medium High Resource/Receptors Local population has limited non-farm employment opportunity and Sensitivity reduced land for agriculture may adversely affect the local agricultural labourers. However, poverty and illiteracy of population makes the social situation quite sensitive. Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered moderate. Significance of Residual Impact Residual Impact Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Magnitude Residual Impact Negligible Minor Moderate Major significance Residual Impact Significance is minor.

7.7.3 Impact on local employment opportunity

Source of Impact

It is evident from the social baseline conditions of the study area that major working population of the entire study area villages is agriculture labour, working on other’s field for a sum negotiated with cultivator/owner of the field. Non-agriculture workers are limited to about 10% in study area villages. The existing scenario of the agriculture in the study area also indicates that it is not actually sound enough to meet requirements of the people who are dependent upon this sector. In absence of any industrial activity in the study area, people have to resort to distress migration. There have been also cases of women being forced into prostitution because of lack of alternate income source.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 241

During operation phase of the project, employment opportunities won’t be much for local people and it could be restricted to requirement of few security personnel and few housekeeping staff at site office.

Table.7.55 Significance of employment opportunity

Impact Impact on local employment opportunities during project cycle Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Local Regional International Locals would have short term employment opportunities during Impact Extent construction phase of the project. However people from across the State of Andhra Pradesh and other State, though in limited number are likely be engaged in the project during project cycle in semi-skilled and skilled category of manpower. Construction Phase, operation and decommissioning phase of the Frequency project Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Receptor sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered Minor.

Enhancement Measures

7.7.4 Social Development through Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) Initiatives

Context

As observed in the Social Baseline section, Anantpur is one of the backward districts in the country and is plagued by an agricultural crisis. The area has been declared drought prone and there are many instances of distress migration.

Embedded Measures

Orange has a CSR policy and they are reportedly undertaking community development activities in their other wind farm locations. No documents pertaining to the same was made available and therefore, their proposed activities could not be elaborated in this section.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 242

Table 7.56 Significance of Social Development Opportunities

Impact Impact on local employment opportunities during project cycle Impact Nature Negative Positive Neutral Impact Type Direct Indirect Induced Impact Duration Temporary Short-term Long-term Permanent Local Regional International Locals could be skilled to develop alternate income opportunities. Impact Extent Agriculture could be revived by reintroducing traditional food grains and strengthening existing water harvesting structures and ground water recharge systems. Frequency Operation phase of the project Impact Magnitude Positive Negligible Small Medium Large Receptor sensitivity Low Medium High Negligible Minor Moderate Major Impact Significance Significance of impact is considered major.

Enhancement Measures Considering the limited non-farm employment opportunity in project area, CSR activities would contribute towards skilling the locals for alternate income opportunities. x Vocational Skill Development of Women; x Micro-enterprise solutions appropriate for the geographical area; and x Water shed management and revival of traditional rainwater harvesting measures for improving land for agriculture. x Revival of millets and other traditional food grains and promotion of organic agricultural practices. This would reduce the water stress for irrigation as well as reduce the input costs for farming.

7.7.5 Cumulative environmental and social impacts

The study area in which the wind power project is spread across has other wind power Suzlon accounting for greater than 200 MW of wind power being generated in the area. In the absence of credible data on the footprint and potential impacts as a result of wind farms that are operational in the area, with the possibility of more projects coming up in the area, in the near future, it is difficult to assess the cumulative impact on the region. However some of the most likely impacts would be attributed to (i) air quality (ii) noise (iii) shadow flicker impacts to villages in the vicinity of the WTGs (iv) traffic hazards and (iv) economic loss for agricultural labourers have been envisaged.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 243

8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 INTRODUCTION

This Section presents the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for OUWPPL Project in the district of Anantapur, in Andhra Pradesh. The purpose of this ESMP is to specify the standards and controls required to manage and monitor environmental and social impacts during different phases of project life cycle, i.e. Construction, operation and decommissioning phases. To achieve this, the ESMP identifies potential adverse impacts from the planned activities and outlines mitigation measures required to reduce the likely negative effects on the physical, natural and social environment. This is in accordance to IFC Performance Standards 1 which emphasizes the importance of managing social and environmental performance through the lifecycle of the Project.

8.2 OUWPPL’S ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

To ensure the efficacy of environmental and social management plan, certain institutional mechanisms with well-defined roles and responsibilities is essential for effective implementation of identified mitigation measures during construction, operation and maintenance phase and decommissioning phases, respectively.

8.2.1 OUWPPL’s EHS Management

At the time of the site visit, the site engineer of OUWPPL was responsible for overseeing the EHS aspects of the project and liaising with the EHS Manager of Suzlon. It was understood that OUWPPL will be setting up a team at the corporate level and the site level, with responsibilities are currently being held by Orange. The EHS personnel of OUWPPL will have the ultimate responsibility of implementing the provisions of the ESMP with the help of the Suzlon. This role will include the ongoing management of environmental and social impacts, monitoring of contractor performance as well as developing mechanisms for dealing with environmental and social problems, throughout the operation, maintenance phase and decommissioning phases, respectively.

OUWPPL will also ensure that the activities of its contractors as well as Suzlon’s contractors are conducted in accordance with good practice measures, implementation of which will be required through contractual documentation. The EHS aspects shall be the responsibility, of both, OUWPPL and Suzlon.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 244

8.3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

OUWPPL will play the primary role of supervisor to oversee the project performance pertaining to environment, health, safety and social issues.An outline for responsibilities of the proposed EHS department is given below:

8.3.1 Environmental, Health and Safety Department (EHS Department)

Environment, Health and Safety department shall be responsible for monitoring of the implementation of the various actions which are to be executed by the agencies specified in the ESMP.

In general, the EHS department shall perform the following activities: x Preparation of required documents on environmental and social management; x Ensuring availability of resources and appropriate institutional arrangements for implementation of ESMP; x Implementation of the health and safety measures; x Collection of the statistics of health of workers; x Providing support during routine medical check-ups of workers; x Awareness and implementing safety programmes; x Providing job specific induction training; x Compliance of regulatory requirements; x Carrying out environmental audits; x Identify unsafe acts and conditions and suggest remedies; x Develop safety culture and comply with company’s EHS policy and standard requirements; x Encourage and enforce the use of PPE’s; x Educate all employees for the use of PPE’s and safe practices; x Direct, coordinate and orient the safety activities; x Promulgate the spread of policy, objectives, rules and/or regulations; x Perform a thorough investigation of all accidents and review the recommendations to avoid any repetition; x Monitoring the progress of implementation of ESMP; and x Reviewing and updating the ESMP as and when required for its effective implementation.

8.4 INSPECTION, MONITORING AND AUDIT

Inspection and monitoring of the environmental impacts of the Project activities will increase the effectiveness of ESMP. Through the process of inspection and auditing, OUWPPL must ensure that the conditions stipulated in various permits are complied. The inspections and audits will be done by the EPC contractor, trained team of OUWPPL’s EHS department subject to be reviewed and conducted by external agencies/experts. The entire process of

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 245

inspections and audits should be documented. The inspection and audit findings are to be implemented by the site in-charge in their respective areas.

8.5 REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION

OUWPPL will develop and implement a programme of reporting through all stages of the project cycle. Delegated personnel shall require to fully complying with the reporting programme in terms of both timely submissions of reports as per acceptable level of detail. Reporting will be done in form of environmental check list, incident record register, environmental and social performance reports (weekly, monthly, quarterly, half yearly, yearly etc.).

External Reporting and Communication

EHS head is responsible for ensuring that communication with regulatory agencies and stakeholders are maintained as per the requirement. All complaints and enquiries are to be appropriately dealt with and records should be maintained in a Complaint/Enquiry Register by the delegated staff of EHS.

Internal Reporting and Communication

Inspection and audits finding along with their improvement program are to be regularly reported to the senior management for their consideration. The same are also to be communicated with the staff working on the project. To maintain an open communication between the staff and management on EHS and social issues the followings are being used:

x Team Briefings; x On-site work group meetings; x Work Specific Instructions; and x Meeting with stakeholders.

Documentation

Documentation is an important step in implementing ESMP. OUWPPL will establish a documentation and record keeping system to ensure recording and updating of documents per the requirements specified in ESMP. The documents should be kept as hardcopies as well as in electronic format. Responsibilities have to be assigned to relevant personnel for ensuring that the ESMP documentation system is maintained and that document control is ensured through access by and distribution to, identified personnel in form of the following:

x Master Environment Management System document; x Legal Register; x Operation control procedures;

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 246

x Work instructions; x Incident reports; x Emergency preparedness and response procedures; x Training records; x Monitoring reports; x Auditing reports; and x Complaints register and issues attended/closed.

8.5.1 ESMP Review and Amendments

The ESMP act as an environment and social management tool which needs to be reviewed periodically to address changes in the organisation, process or regulatory requirements.

Following a review, the EHS head of OUWPPL will be responsible for making the amendments in the ESMP.

The amended ESMP will be communicated to all the staff.

8.6 TRAINING PROGRAMME AND CAPACITY BUILDING

Training is needed for effective implementation of ESMP. The training programme will ensure that all concerned members of the team understand the following aspects: x Purpose of management plan for the project activities; x Requirements of the management plan and specific action plans; x Understanding the sensitive environmental and social features within and surrounding the project areas; and x Aware of the potential risks from the Project activities.

The EHS head of OUWPPL will ensure that Environmental health and safety induction training and job specific trainings are identified and given to the concerned personnel for construction activities and operation of the wind farm.

Also general environmental awareness will be increased among the project’s team to encourage the implementation of environmentally sound practices and compliance requirements of the project activities. This will help in minimising adverse environmental impacts, compliance with the applicable regulations and standards, and achieving performance beyond compliance. The same level of awareness and commitment will be imparted to the contractors and sub-contractors prior to the commencement of the project.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 247

8.6.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan

This section outlines the potential adverse impacts, mitigation measures, monitoring and management responsibilities during construction operation and decommissioning phases of the Project.

The purpose of ESMP is to:

x Provide an institutional mechanism with well-defined roles and responsibilities for ensuring that measures identified in ESIA designated to mitigation potentially adverse impacts are implemented; x List all suggested mitigation measures and control technologies, safeguards identified through the ESIA process; x Provide Project monitoring program for effective implementation of the mitigation measures and ascertain efficacy of the environmental management and risk control systems in place; and x Assist in ensuring compliance with all relevant legislations at local, state and national level for the Project.

In order to minimize adverse impacts during the different phases of the project lifecycle, mitigation measures, monitoring plan and responsibilities for its implementation are given in Table 8.1. The responsibility for implementation of ESMP will primarily lie with the EHS department of Suzlon under the supervision with the EHS department of OUWPPL.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 248

Table 8.1 Environmental and social management and monitoring plan for OUWPPL’s wind Power Project

S. N. Environmental/ Social Aspect, Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibility Means of verification Timing and Responsibility for Supervision Reporting Phases Resource impact/issue for ensuring that mitigation has frequency of implementation of responsibility requirements mitigation been met monitoring monitoring implementatio n Construction Operation Decommissio ning 1 Environment (i) Land Use, Soil and Change in land use EPC contractor should ensure EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS Land Capability that unnecessary disturbance of engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) surrounding features are Suzlon to OUWPPL site avoided. EHS Manager Vegetation should be cleared EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS only in locations where WTGs, engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) ancillary facilities, transmission Suzlon to OUWPPL site lines and access/internal roads EHS Manager are planned, to minimize the impact on the surrounding ecosystem. After construction, labour EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS camp, batching plant and stock engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) yard areas should be restored to Suzlon to OUWPPL site pre-construction state. EHS Manager Soil erosion Stripping of top soil should be EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS done just prior to excavation. engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Topography should be restored EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS to extent possible. engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Stock piles and disturbed areas EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS should be kept moist to avoid engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) wind erosion. Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Simultaneous revegetation to EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS stabilize soil. engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Loss of Fertile Soil Removed topsoil to be stored EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS separately, protected and engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) reused for landscaping within Suzlon to OUWPPL site the Project area EHS Manager Soil Compaction Heavy vehicles should EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS designate select routes engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Heavily compacted areas EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS should be ploughed engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Heavy machinery should EPC Contractor Site Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS designate select routes to engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) minimize soil compaction Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 249

Waste Generation Random disposal of waste EPC Contractor Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS should not be allowed engaged by Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager No unauthorized dumping of EPC Contractor Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS used oil and hazardous waste engaged by Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Ensure daily collection and EPC Contractor Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS periodic (weekly) disposal of engaged by Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) construction waste Suzlon Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Hazardous waste should be OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS appropriately labelled, stored Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) onsite and reused or disposed Management Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Municipal solid waste from OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS labour camps should be Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) segregated onsite Management Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Dismantled waste should not be OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Once EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS left over in the whole Project Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) area and should be collected Management Training records; to OUWPPL site and stored at designated areas Visual Assessment EHS Manager for further segregation and disposal Hazardous waste should be OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Once EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS stored in labelled drums with Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) impervious surfaces at Management Training records; to OUWPPL site designated points onsite and Visual Assessment EHS Manager disposed through an appropriate vendor Soil Contamination Sewage should be disposed OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS through soak pits or septic Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) tanks Management Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Regular maintenance of OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS transport vehicles should be Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) carried out Management Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Unloading and loading OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS protocols should be prepared Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Management Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Guidelines should be prepared OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS for immediate clean-up of Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) spillages Management Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 250

S. N. Environmental/ Social Aspect, Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibility Means of verification Timing and Responsibility for Supervision Reporting Phases Resource impact/issue for ensuring that mitigation has frequency of implementation of responsibility requirements mitigation been met monitoring monitoring implementatio n Construction Operation Decommissio ning Oil/lubricants should be stored OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS on impervious floors in the Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) storage area having secondary Management Training records; to OUWPPL site containment Visual Assessment EHS Manager Guidelines and procedures OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS should be prepared and Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) followed for immediate clean- Management Training records; to OUWPPL site up actions following any Visual Assessment EHS Manager spillages Oil/lubricants should be stored OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS on impervious floors in the Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) storage area having secondary Management Training records; to OUWPPL site containment Visual Assessment EHS Manager Guidelines and procedures OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS should be prepared and Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) followed for immediate clean- Management Training records; to OUWPPL site up actions following spillages Visual Assessment EHS Manager Unloading and loading OUWPPL and Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS protocols should be prepared Suzlon Site Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) for diesel, oil and used oil Management Training records; to OUWPPL site respectively and workers Visual Assessment EHS Manager should be trained to prevent spills and leaks (ii) Water Resources and Water Resources Construction labour should be EPC Contractor Quantification of water Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS Quality availability educated about water engaged by consumed and record OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) conservation Suzlon keeping to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Optimum use of water during OUWPPL and Quantification of water Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS sprinkling of roads for dust Suzlon Site consumed and record Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) settlement, vehicle washing and Management keeping to OUWPPL site concrete mixing. EHS Manager Regular inspection to prevent OUWPPL and Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS water leakages Suzlon Site Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Management to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Optimum use of water during OUWPPL and Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS domestic use, dust settlement Suzlon Site Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) and washing of vehicles Management to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Water Quality Proper covering and stacking of EPC Contractor Site Inspection Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS loose construction material to engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) prevent surface run-off Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Provision of septic tanks and OUWPPL and Site Inspection Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS soak pits Suzlon Site OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Management to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Toilets, soak pits, septic tanks EPC Contractor Site Inspection Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS and waste collection to be built engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) away from natural drainage Suzlon to OUWPPL site channels EHS Manager

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 251

S. N. Environmental/ Social Aspect, Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibility Means of verification Timing and Responsibility for Supervision Reporting Phases Resource impact/issue for ensuring that mitigation has frequency of implementation of responsibility requirements mitigation been met monitoring monitoring implementatio n Construction Operation Decommissio ning Provision of well-connected EPC Contractor Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS storm water drains engaged by Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Licensed contractors for OUWPPL and Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS management and disposal of Suzlon Site Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) waste sludge Management to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Good housekeeping in the EPC Contractor Site Inspection and Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS storage yard to avoid spillage engaged by Surprise Visits Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Adoption of spill/leakage OUWPPL and Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS clearance plan for immediate Suzlon Site Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) clearing of spills/leaks Management to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Labourers should be given OUWPPL and Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS training towards proactive use Suzlon Site Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) of designated areas for waste Management to OUWPPL site disposal and use of toilets EHS Manager Spills/Leakage clearance plan OUWPPL and Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS to be adopted for immediate Suzlon Site Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) clearing of spills and leakages Management to OUWPPL site EHS Manager (iii) Ambient Noise Increased noise levels Limit number of heavy vehicles EPC Contractor Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS during construction to only those that are necessary engaged by Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) activities Suzlon Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Avoid villages and EPC Contractor Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS communities while determining engaged by Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) project access roads Suzlon Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Limit engine breaking and horn EPC Contractor Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS usage of vehicles engaged by Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Construction work to be carried EPC Contractor Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS out during daytime hours (6:00 engaged by Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) am to 10:00 pm) Suzlon Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Vehicles and equipment should EPC Contractor Site Inspection; Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS be well maintained engaged by Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon Training records; to OUWPPL site Visual Assessment EHS Manager Regular maintenance of WTGs OUWPPL and Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS Suzlon Site Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Management to OUWPPL site EHS Manager

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 252

S. N. Environmental/ Social Aspect, Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibility Means of verification Timing and Responsibility for Supervision Reporting Phases Resource impact/issue for ensuring that mitigation has frequency of implementation of responsibility requirements mitigation been met monitoring monitoring implementatio n Construction Operation Decommissio ning Periodic monitoring of noise OUWPPL and Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS near the sources of generation Suzlon Site Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) to ensure compliance with Management to OUWPPL site design specification EHS Manager Creation of noise barriers OUWPPL and Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS between receptors and WTGs Suzlon Site Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Management to OUWPPL site EHS Manager (iv) Visual Landscape Visual Landscape/ visual Ancillary structures presence EPC Contractor Site Inspection and Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS aesthetic impacts and area should be minimized engaged by Surprise Visits Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) to the extent necessary Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Construction areas should be EPC Contractor Site Inspection and Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS restored to original form engaged by Surprise Visits Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager Signage related to wind farms EPC Contractor Site Inspection Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS should be discrete and confined engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) to entrance gates Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager No other corporate or EPC Contractor Site Inspection Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS advertising signage should be engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) displayed on site Suzlon to OUWPPL site EHS Manager The footprint of operations and EPC Contractor Site Inspection Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS maintenance facilities as well as engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) parking and vehicular Suzlon to OUWPPL site circulation should be clearly EHS Manager defined and not allowed to spill over into other areas of the site Use of certain colours reduces EPC Contractor Site Inspection Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS the visual contrast between engaged by OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) turbine structures and Suzlon to OUWPPL site background EHS Manager (v) Shadow Flicker Use of high fencing at problem OUWPPL and Site Inspection Continuous EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS locations Suzlon Site Monitoring OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) Management to OUWPPL site EHS Manager 2 Social

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 253

Put in place a grievance mechanism to allow for community members to report any concern or grievance related to project activities

(ii) Blade Throw and Public Safety The disaster management cell of O & M Team Visual Inspection and Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EHS Natural Disasters the district and the nearest fire- Suzlon Record Keeping OUWPPL Manager (Suzlon) service station should be to OUWPPL site involved in preparedness for EHS Manager emergency situation; Company should ensure it has adequate third party insurance cover to meet the financial loss to any third party due to such emergencies. Put in place an Adequate Grievance redressal mechanism to capture community concerns

(iii) Vulnerable Decrease in agricultural Undertake a profiling of the Orange CSR Study report/CSR Weekly Monitoring CSR team CSR –Orange CSR Report for the communities labour work due to land various social groups in the report Project Area sale study area, to understand the individual needs and concerns of the social groups and identify community development and CSR programmes in accordance to the same

3. Ecology (i) Vegetation Vegetation Clearance Vegetation disturbance and EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to clearance should be restricted to engaged by OUWPPL EHS Manager the project study area Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL Areas with vegetation patches EHS Manager Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Internal discussion around water source should be Suzlon OUWPPL with EHS team and avoided during planning of reported in ancillary components quarterly report Top soil that is disturbed EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to should be stored separately for engaged by OUWPPL EHS Manager restoration of the habitat Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL Unnecessary disturbance of EPC Contractor Visual Inspection and Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to neighbouring vegetation should engaged by Surprise Visits OUWPPL EHS Manager be strictly prohibited Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 254

S. N. Environmental/ Social Aspect, Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibility Means of verification Timing and Responsibility for Supervision Reporting Phases Resource impact/issue for ensuring that mitigation has frequency of implementation of responsibility requirements mitigation been met monitoring monitoring implementatio n Construction Operation Decommissio ning Simultaneous revegetation on EPC Contractor Visual Inspection and Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to outskirts of project activity engaged by Surprise Visits OUWPPL EHS Manager should be practiced for areas Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL that are determined to have loose or unstable soil Local grass species should be EPC Contractor After Construction Upon Completion of EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to seeded in disturbed areas engaged by Task OUWPPL EHS Manager during monsoon Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL (ii) Construction Activities Excavation, anthropogenic Construction and transportation EPC Contractor Visual Inspection and Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to movement, noise and activities should be avoided at engaged by Surprise Visits OUWPPL EHS Manager sedimentation night and in peak areas during Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL dawn and dusk Project should be conducted in EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to a phased manner with engaged by OUWPPL EHS Manager construction activities limited to Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL one cluster of WTGs at one time Areas with pre-existing EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to burrows and ground roosting engaged by OUWPPL EHS Manager sites for birds should be Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL avoided when possible Hazardous materials should not EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to be stored near natural drainage engaged by OUWPPL EHS Manager channels Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL Efforts should be made to EPC Contractor Visual Inspection and Weekly Reports and EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to minimize construction noise engaged by Record Keeping When noise barriers OUWPPL EHS Manager and the use of noise barriers Suzlon are utilized Suzlon/ OUWPPL should be considered for high noise levels. Waste materials should be EPC Contractor Visual Inspection and Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to cleared in a timely manner and engaged by Surprise Visits OUWPPL EHS Manager the use of artificial lights should Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL be minimized so as to not attract wildlife Labour movement should be EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to restricted between construction engaged by OUWPPL EHS Manager camps and construction sites Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL Vehicle movement should be EPC Contractor Visual Inspection and Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to restricted to only when engaged by Surprise Visits OUWPPL EHS Manager necessary in areas where Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL wildlife is active Anti-poaching and hunting EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to policy should be strictly engaged by OUWPPL EHS Manager enforced Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL General awareness regarding OUWPPL and Record Keeping Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Internal discussion fauna should be enhanced Suzlon Site OUWPPL with EHS team and through trainings, posters, etc. Management reported in among the staff and labourers quarterly report

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 255

S. N. Environmental/ Social Aspect, Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibility Means of verification Timing and Responsibility for Supervision Reporting Phases Resource impact/issue for ensuring that mitigation has frequency of implementation of responsibility requirements mitigation been met monitoring monitoring implementatio n Construction Operation Decommissio ning (ii) Laying of approach Construction, widening Access road construction EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to roads and upgrade of access and should be carried out in a engaged by OUWPPL EHS Manager internal roads phased manner with Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL construction activities limited to one cluster of WTGs at one time Construction and transportation EPC Contractor Visual Inspection and Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to activities should be avoided at engaged by Surprise Visits OUWPPL EHS Manager night and in peak areas during Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL dawn and dusk Number of routes should be EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to minimized for construction and engaged by OUWPPL EHS Manager transportation Suzlon Speed limit of vehicles plying EPC Contractor Visual Inspection and Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to on these routes should be kept engaged by Surprise Visits OUWPPL EHS Manager to 10-15 km/hr to avoid road Suzlon kill If access roads are created EHS Manager Visual Inspection When Required EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Internal discussion across key crossing points for OUWPPL with EHS team and herpetofauna and smaller reported in mammals, then culverts or quarterly report alternate paths should be provided to avoid road kills. When grasses or small scrubs EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Upon Completion of EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to are removed for access road engaged by Task OUWPPL EHS Manager construction (or any other Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL construction), replanting should be implemented after the construction phase to allow roosting mammals and birds to utilize these resources in the next breeding season (iii) Hazards from Bird collisions, visual Flash lamps on the WTGs will EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Before EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to operational wind impairment, noise and low prevent bird collision at nights engaged by Commissioning of OUWPPL EHS Manager turbine blades pressure areas Suzlon Wind Farm Suzlon/ OUWPPL During operation and O & M Team Visual Inspection and Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to maintenance activities, all bird Suzlon Record Keeping OUWPPL EHS Manager carcasses found in the wind Suzlon/ OUWPPL farm should be recorded and photographed with details about the distance from the closest wind turbine generator and the name of the wind turbine generator Weekly bird mortality counts O & M Team Visual Inspection and Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to should be undertaken for the Suzlon Record Keeping OUWPPL EHS Manager first two years of the wind farm Suzlon/ OUWPPL operation to determine if there is any risk of bird collision from the wind farm

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 256

S. N. Environmental/ Social Aspect, Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibility Means of verification Timing and Responsibility for Supervision Reporting Phases Resource impact/issue for ensuring that mitigation has frequency of implementation of responsibility requirements mitigation been met monitoring monitoring implementatio n Construction Operation Decommissio ning Collection of baseline data on O & M Team Survey Report Once during EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to migratory birds visiting the Suzlon and migration season OUWPPL EHS Manager study area in the migratory External Suzlon/ OUWPPL season by using vantage point consultants methodology and wetland surveys Waste materials should not be O & M Team Visual Inspection and Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to left lying around and if any Suzlon Surprise Visits OUWPPL EHS Manager waste is found then it should be Suzlon/ OUWPPL cleared immediately so as to not attract birds near the WTG blades Wind turbine generators should O & M Team Visual Inspection Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to be properly maintained to Suzlon OUWPPL EHS Manager ensure that turbine blade Suzlon/ OUWPPL speeds are regulated and blade throws are avoided Herb layers to be restored in EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Before EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to the vicinity of the site to prevent engaged by Commissioning of OUWPPL EHS Manager raptors flying in close vicinity Suzlon Wind Farm Suzlon/ OUWPPL of wind farm to prey on rodents Check should be imposed so EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Weekly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to that dead carcass is not engaged by OUWPPL EHS Manager disposed near the WTG areas so Suzlon Suzlon/ OUWPPL that the vultures are not attracted (iv) Hazards from Birds roosting or nesting Bird safe strain poles with EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Before EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to transmission on transmission towers insulating chains of at least 60 engaged by Commissioning of OUWPPL EHS Manager infrastructure and lines cm in length should be adopted Suzlon Wind Farm Suzlon/ OUWPPL Regular checking of vacuums or O & M Team Visual Inspection Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to holes in the towers during Suzlon OUWPPL EHS Manager breeding season should be Suzlon/ OUWPPL conducted Transmission poles should be O & M Team Visual Inspection Monthly Monitoring EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to raised with suspended Suzlon OUWPPL EHS Manager insulators to the extent possible Suzlon/ OUWPPL Overhead cables should be EPC Contractor Visual Inspection Before EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to marked using diffractors and engaged by Commissioning of OUWPPL EHS Manager avoid the use of areas of high Suzlon Wind Farm Suzlon/ OUWPPL bird concentrations Collection of baseline data on O & M Team Survey Report Once during EHS Manager Suzlon EHS Team Report from EPC to migratory birds visiting the Suzlon and migration season OUWPPL EHS Manager study area in the migratory External Suzlon/ OUWPPL season by using vantage point consultants methodology and wetland surveys 4. Occupational Health and Safety

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 257

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 258

9 IMPACT SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

9.1 INTRODUCTION

This Environmental and Social impact assessment has been conducted to evaluate the impacts associated with the wind farm project 100.8 MW wind farm project located near the village of Beluguppa in the district of Anantapur in Andhra Pradesh. The impact assessment has been conducted in compliance with the Administrative Framework identified herein, including relevant national legislative requirements, international conventions etc.

9.2 IMPACTS REQUIRING DETAILED ASSESSMENT

Following a Scoping exercise, this ESIA was focused on interactions between the Project activities and various resources/receptors that could result in significant impacts. The table below (Table 9.1) presents the outcomes of the comprehensive assessment of identified impacts as a result of the various phases of the Project.

Table 9.1 Impact Assessment Summary

Impact Impact Description nature Significance of Impact Residual Impact

Construction Phase Change in Land use Negative Moderate Moderate Soil Erosion Negative Minor Negligible Soil Compaction Negative Minor Negligible Improper Waste disposal Negative Minor Negligible Leaks and spills Negative Minor Negligible Ecological impacts due to Negative Moderate Not Significant Vegetation Clearance Ecological impacts due to Negative Moderate Moderate construction activities Ecological impacts due to laying of Negative Moderate Not Significant approach roads Water Availability Negative Minor Minor Water Quality Negative Negligible Negligible Ambient Air Quality Negative Minor Negligible Aesthetics and Landscape concerns Negative Minor Negligible Noise Levels Negative Moderate Minor Occupational Health and Safety Negative Moderate Minor Operation and Maintenance Phase Leaks and spills Negative Negligible Negligible Water Availability Negative Negligible Negligible Occupational Health and Safety Negative Minor Minor Noise Levels-Daytime Negative Minor Negligible Noise Levels-Night Time Negative Moderate Minor Shadow Flicker Negative Minor Negligible Impacts from traffic hazards Negative Moderate Minor

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 259

Impacts from Blade Throws and Negative Minor Negligible Natural Disasters Impact on Local Agricultural Negative Moderate Minor Laborers Impact on local employment Positive opportunity Impact on Social Development Positive Collision and mortality risk to avifauna and bats from operating Negative Moderate Moderate wind turbine blades Collision and electrical hazards Negative Moderate Moderate from transmission infrastructure Aesthetics and Landscape concerns Negative Minor Negligible Decommissioning Phase Land and Soil Environment Negative Minor Minor to negligible Ambient Air Quality Negative Minor Minor Occupational Health and Safety Negative Moderate Minor

9.3 CONCLUSION

The project is a green energy project comprising of 48 WTGs to generate approximately 100.8 MW power through wind energy. The Project and its key components such as access road, site office building, and external transmission lines, are likely to have potential environmental impacts on baseline parameters such as land use, ambient air quality, noise quality etc. in the immediate vicinity of WTGs. The social impacts from the project are assessed to be generally beneficial in terms of local employment and overall local area development.

The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) describes mitigation measures for impacts specific to project activities and also discuss implementation mechanism. Project specific management plans are also provided for certain project activities such as waste management, bird/ bat management, stakeholder consultation etc.

To conclude, the implementation of ESMP/ Management plans will help OUWPPL in complying with its internal requirements as well as national/ state regulatory framework in addition to meeting the requirements of it’s lenders.

ERM OUWPPL: ESIA FOR 100.8 MW WIND POWER PROJECT, BELUGUPPA, ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, A.P PROJECT # I11419/0330571 AUGUST 2016 260

Annex A

Photo-documentation

BLG 123 BLG 124 BLG 125 BLG 077 BLG 078 BLG 075 BLG 025 BLG 017 BLG 018 BLG 007 BLG 016 BLG 015 BLG 028 BLG 085 BLG 084 BLG 082 BLG 157 BLG 156 BLG 154 BLG 027 BLG 026 Annex B

Policies of Orange

Annex C

Applicable Environmental Standards

1.1.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQ Standards), as prescribed by MoEFCC vide, Gazette Notification dated 16th November, 2009 are given below in Table.1.

Table.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Pollutant Time Weighted Concentration in Ambient Air Avg. Industrial, Residential, Ecologically Sensitive Rural & Other Areas Areas (notified by Central Government)

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Annual Average* 50 20 Pg/m3 24 Hours** 80 80

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Annual Average* 40 30 Pg/m3 24 Hours** 80 80 Particulate Matter (PM 10) Annual Average* 60 60 Pg/m3 24 Hours** 100 100 Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) Annual Average* 40 40 Pg/m3 24 Hours** 60 60

Ozone (O3) 8 Hours** 100 100 Pg/m3 1 Hour** 180 180 Lead (Pb) Annual Average* 0.50 0.50 Pg/m3 24 Hours** 1.0 1.0 Carbon monoxide (CO) 8 Hours** 02 02 mg/m3 1 Hour** 04 04

Ammonia (NH3) Annual* 100 100 Pg/m3 24 Hours** 400 400

Benzene (C6H6) Annual* 05 05 Pg/m3 %HQ]R ǂ 3\UHQH- Annual* 01 01 particulate phase ng/m3 Arsenic (As) Annual* 06 06 ng/m3 Nickel (Ni) Annual* 20 20 ng/m3 Note: *Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. ** 24 hourly/8 hourly/1 hourly monitored values, as applicable shall be complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.

As the project is in rural/residential set up, NAAQS for rural/residential area will be applicable for the project.

IFC/WB Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality Standards

The IFC/WB General EHS guidelines on Air emissions and ambient air quality, specifies that emissions do not result in pollutant concentrations that reach or exceed relevant ambient quality guidelines and standards by applying national legislated standards, or in their absence World Health Organization (WHO) Ambient Air Quality guidelines as represented in Table 2

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT C1 Table.2 WHO Ambient Air Quality Guidelines

Pollutant Averaging Period Guideline Value in Pg/m3 Sulphur Dioxide 24-hour 24-hour 10 minute 10 minute 125 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) Nitrogen Oxide 1 year 40 (guideline) 1 hour 200 (guideline) Particulate Matter 10 1 year 70 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 30 (Interim target-3) 20 (guideline) 24 hour 150 (Interim target-1) 100 (Interim target-2) 75 (Interim target-3) 50 (guideline) Particulate Matter 2.5 1 year 35 (Interim target-1) 25 (Interim target-2) 15 (Interim target-3) 10 (guideline) 24 hour 75 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 37.5 (Interim target-3) 25 (guideline) Ozone 8-hour daily 8-hour daily Maximum Maximum Source: IFC/WB General EHS Guidelines: Air emissions and ambient air quality, 30 April 2007 Interim target means Interim targets are provided in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieving the recommended guidelines.

1.1.2 Water Quality Standards

As per the Bureau of Indian Standards, (IS 10500: 2012) drinking water shall comply with the requirements given in Table 3.

Table.3 Indian Drinking Water Standard (IS 10500: 2012)

Permissible limit in Requirement S.N Substance/ Characteristics absence of alternate (Acceptable limit) source 1. Colour, Hazen units, max 5 15 2. Odour Unobjectionable - 3. Taste Agreeable - 4. Turbidity, NTU, max 5 5 5. pH value 6.5 - 8.5 No Relaxation 6. Total hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l, max 200 600 7. Iron (as Fe) mg/l, max 0.3 No relaxation 8. Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l, max 250 1000 9. Free residual chlorine, mg/l, min 0.2 1 10. Dissolved solids mg/l, max 500 2000 11. Calcium (as Ca) mg/l, max 75 200 12. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l, max 30 100 13. Copper (as Cu) mg/l, max 0.05 1.5 14. Manganese (as Mn) mg/l, max 0.1 0.3 15. Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, max 200 400 16. Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l, max 45 No relaxation

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT C2 Permissible limit in Requirement S.N Substance/ Characteristics absence of alternate (Acceptable limit) source 17. Fluoride (as F) mg/l, max 1.0 1.5 Phenolic compounds (as C6H6OH) 18. 0.001 0.002 mg/l, max 19. Mercury (as Hg) mg/l, max 0.001 No relaxation 20. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l, max 0.003 No relaxation 21. Selenium (as Se) mg/l, max 0.01 No relaxation 22. Arsenic (as As) mg/l, max 0.01 0.05 23. Cyanide (as CN) mg/l, max 0.05 No relaxation 24. Lead (as Pb) mg/l, max 0.01 No relaxation 25. Zinc (as Zn) mg/l, max 5 15 Anionic detergents (as MBAS) mg/l, 26. 0.2 1.0 max 27. Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/l, max 0.05 No relaxation Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (as 28. 0.0001 No relaxation PAH) g/l, max 29. Mineral Oil mg/l, max 0.5 No relaxation 30. Pesticides mg/l, max Absent 0.001 Radioactive materials: 0.1 31. a) Alpha emitters Bq/l, max No relaxation 1.0 b) Beta emitters pci/l, max No relaxation 32. Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3), mg/l, max 200 600 33. Aluminium (as Al) mg/l, max 0.03 0.2 34. Boron, mg/l, max 0.5 1.0 Ammonia (as total ammonia-N). mg/l, 35. 0.5 No relaxation max 36. Barium (as Ba), mg/l, max 0.7 No relaxation 37. Chloramines (as Cl2), mg/l, max 4.0 No relaxation 38. Silver (as Ag), mg/l, max 0.1 No relaxation 39. Sulphide (as H2S), mg/l, max 0.05 No relaxation 40. Molybdenum (as Mo), mg/l, max 0.07 No relaxation 41. Nickel (as Ni), mg/l, max 0.02 No relaxation 42. Polychlorinated biphenyls, mg/l, max 0.0005 No relaxation Trilomethanes: a) Bromoform, mg/l, max 0.1 No relaxation b) Dibromochloromethane, mg/l, max 0.1 No relaxation 43. c) Bromodichloromethane, mg/l, max 0.06 No relaxation d) Chloroform, mg/l, max 0.2 No relaxation

Bacteriological Quality All water intended for drinking: Shall not be detectable 1. a) E. coli or thermotolerant coliform - in any 100 ml sample bacteria Treated water entering the distribution Shall not be detectable system: in any 100 ml sample; 2. a) E. coli or thermotolerant coliform - bacteria Shall not be detectable b) Total coliform bacteria in any 100 ml sample. Treated water in the distribution system: Shall not be detectable in any 100 ml sample; a) E. coli or thermotolerant coliform 3. - bacteria Shall not be detectable b) Total coliform bacteria in any 100 ml sample. Source: Central Pollution Control Board

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT C3 General Standards for discharge

The general standards for discharge are as prescribed under the Environment Protection Rules, 1986 and amendments. The project intends to treat the domestic waste water in septic tanks and soak pits. The general standards for discharge of environmental pollutants are detailed in Table 4.

Table.4 General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants

S. Parameter Standards N Inland surface Public sewers Land for water Irrigation

1. Colour and odour Refer to Note 1 - Refer to Note 1 2 Suspended solids mg/l, max. 100 600 200 3 Particle size of suspended solids Shall 850 micron IS - - sieve 4 PH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5 Temperature Shall not exceed 50 - - C above the receiving water temperature 6 Oil and grease, mg/l max, 10 20 10 7 Total residual chlorine, mg/l max 1.0 - - 8 Ammonical nitrogen (as N), mg/l max. 50 50 - 9 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (as N); mg/l max 100 - - 10 Free ammonia (as NH3), mg/l max 5.0 - - 11 Biochemical oxygen demand (3 days at 30 350 100 270 C), mg/l max 12 Chemical oxygen demand, mg/l max 250 - - 13 Arsenic (as As) mg/l, max 0.2 0.2 0.2 14 Mercury (As Hg) mg/l max. 0.01 0.01 - 15 Lead (as Pb) mg/l, max 0.1 1.0 - 16 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l, max 2.0 1.0 - 17 Hexavalent chromium (as Cr +6) mg/1 0.1 2.0 - max 18 Total chromium (as Cr) mg/1 max 2.0 2.0 - 19 Copper (as Cu) mg/1, max 3.0 3.0 - 20 Zinc (as Zn) 5.0 15 - 21 Selenium (as Se) 0.05 0.05 - 22 Nickel (as Ni) mg/1,max 3.0 3.0 - 23 Cyanide (as CN) mg/1,max 0.2 2.0 0.2 24 Fluoride (as F) mg/1,max 2.0 15 - 25 Dissolved phosphates (as P) mg/1,max 5.0 - - 26 Sulphide (as S) mg/1,max 2.0 - -

27 Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) 1.0 5.0 - mg/1,max 28 Radioactive materials: (a) Alpha emitters 10-7 10-7 10-8 micro curie mg/1,max (b) Beta emitters micro curie mg/1 10-6 10-6 10--7 29 Bio-assay test 90% survival of fish 90% survival of 90% survival of after 96 hours in fish after 96 fish after 96 100% effluent hours in 100% hours in 100% effluent effluent 30 Manganese 2 mg/1 2 mg/1 - 31 Iron (as Fe) 3mg/1 3mg/1 - 32 Vanadium (as V) 0.2 mg/1 0.2 mg/1 -

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT C4 S. Parameter Standards N Inland surface Public sewers Land for water Irrigation

33 Nitrate Nitrogen 10 mg/1 - - Source: as per G.S.R 422 (E) dated 19.05.1993 and G.S.R 801 (E) dated 31.12.1993 issued under the provisions of E (P) Act 1986.

Designated Best Use Classification of Surface Water

The designated best use classification as prescribed by CPCB for surface water is as given in Table 5 below:

Table .5 Primary Water Quality Criteria for Designated-Best-Use-Classes

Designated-Best-Use Class Criteria

Drinking Water Source A x Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or without conventional less treatment but after x pH between 6.5 and 8.5 disinfection x Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more x Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less Outdoor bathing B x Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or (Organized) less x pH between 6.5 and 8.5 x Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more x Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less Drinking water source C x Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 after conventional or less treatment and x pH between 6 to 9 disinfection x Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more x Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less Propagation of Wild life D x pH between 6.5 to 8.5 and Fisheries x Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more x Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, Industrial E x pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Cooling, Controlled x Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Waste disposal Max.2250 x Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 x Boron Max. 2mg/l Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria Source: Central Pollution Control Board

IFC/WB Guidelines for Treated Sanitary Sewage Discharge

Indicative values for treated sanitary sewage discharges are given in Table 6. These are applicable to meet national or local standards or in the absence of national standards for sanitary wastewater discharges and where either a septic system or land is used as part of treatment system.

Table.6 Indicative values for treated sanitary wastewater discharges

Pollutants Units Guideline Value

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT C5 Pollutants Units Guideline Value pH pH 6-9 BOD mg/l 30 COD mg/l 125 Total Nitrogen mg/l 10 Total Phosphorous mg/l 2 Oil and grease mg/l 10 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Total Coliform bacteria MPN*/100ml 400 Source: General EHS Guidelines, World Bank Group, April 2007 *MPN = Most Probable Number

1.1.3 Noise Standards

Noise standards specified by the MoEFCC vide gazette notification dated 14th

February, 2000 based on the A weighted equivalent noise level (Leq) are as presented in Table.7.

Table.7 Ambient Noise Standards

Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A) Leq Day time* Night Time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone** 50 40 Note:*Day time is from 6 am to 10 pm, Night time is10.00 pm to 6.00 am;**Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 meters around premises of hospitals, educational institutions, courts, religious places or any other area which is declared as such by the competent authority. Use of vehicle horns, loud speakers and bursting of crackers are banned in these zones. Source: Noise Pollution (Regulation and control)Rules,2000)

As the project is in rural/residential set up, noise standards for residential area will be applicable for the project.

IFC/WB Noise Standards

As per the IFC/WB, General EHS Guidelines on noise management, noise impacts should not exceed the levels presented in Table 8 or result in a maximum increase in background levels of 3 dB at the nearest receptor location off-site.

Table.8 Noise Level Guidelines

Receptor One Hour LAeq (dBA) Daytime Night time 07:00 - 22:00 22:00 - 07:00

Residential; 55 45 Institutional; Educational

Industrial; 70 70 Commercial Source: IFC/WB, General EHS Guidelines on noise management, 30 April, 2007

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT C6 1.1.4 Hazardous Waste Management

The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 were promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act 1986, which was further amended in July 2009, September 2009, March 2010 and August 2010.

The major hazardous wastes to be released due to the proposed project are used or waste/used oil, oil containing rags and jutes. The categories of the wastes as applicable to construction and operation phases of the project and as covered under Schedule 1 of the Hazardous wastes Rules, 2008 are given in the Table 9.

Table.9 List of Hazardous Wastes Generated in the Project: Schedule-1 of HWM Rules, 2008

Category No. Processes Hazardous Wastes 5 Industrial operations using 5.1 Used spent Oil mineral/synthetic oil as lubricant in 5.2 Wastes/ residues containing hydraulic systems or other applications oil

Schedule V (Part A) to these rules provide specifications for Used Oil suitable for reprocessing /recycling as given in Table 10. If the specifications are exceeded the oil should be incinerated properly.

Table 10 Specifications of Used Oil Suitable for Recycling: Schedule V (Part A)

S.N Parameter Limit 1 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) < 2ppm maximum 2 Lead 100 ppm maximum 3 Arsenic 5 ppm maximum 4 Cadmium+ Chromium+ Nickel 500 ppm maximum 5 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) 6% maximum

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT C7 Annex D

Environmental Monitoring Results Ambient Air Quality

Annex E

Environmental Monitoring Results Ambient Noise Quality

Annex F

Environmental Monitoring Results Surface Water Quality

Annex G

Environmental Monitoring Results Ground Water Quality

Annex H

Environmental Monitoring Results Soil Quality

Annex I

Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Data Overview

Project: Description: Licensed user: Orange_Bellugupa 100.8 MW Wind Farm Project near Beluguppa Village, Anantapur ERM India Private Limited District, Andhra Pradesh Building 10, 4th Floor, Tower A, DLF Cyber City IN-122002 Gurgaon +91 124 4170300 Naval Chaudhary / [email protected] Calculated: 7/19/2016 2:35 PM/3.0.639 SHADOW - Main Result Calculation: Shadow Assumptions for shadow calculations Maximum distance for influence Calculate only when more than 20 % of sun is covered by the blade Please look in WTG table

Minimum sun height over horizon for influence 3 ° Day step for calculation 1 days Time step for calculation 1 minutes

Sunshine probability S (Average daily sunshine hours) [GOA / PANJIM] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10.04 10.28 9.34 9.65 9.45 4.31 3.22 4.18 5.94 7.85 9.14 9.61

Operational time N NNE ENE E ESE SSE S SSW WSW W WNW NNW Sum 145 93 318 1,452 1,106 156 110 76 1,003 2,248 346 156 7,209 Idle start wind speed: Cut in wind speed from power curve

A ZVI (Zones of Visual Influence) calculation is performed before flicker calculation so non visible WTG do not contribute to calculated flicker values. A WTG will be visible if it is visible from any part of the receiver window. The ZVI calculation is based on the following assumptions: Height contours used: Elevation Grid Data Object: Orange_Bellugupa_EMDGrid_0.wpg (1) Obstacles used in calculation Eye height: 1.5 m Grid resolution: 20.0 m

All coordinates are in UTM (north)-WGS84 Zone: 43

WTGs WTG type Shadow data Easting Northing Z Row data/Description Valid Manufact. Type-generator Power, Rotor Hub Calculation RPM rated diameter height distance [m] [kW] [m] [m] [m] [RPM] BLD-076 726,967 1,629,378 482.1 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-007 724,235 1,626,859 482.9 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-008 724,425 1,627,329 480.3 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-009 724,157 1,627,761 482.3 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-010 723,818 1,628,120 479.5 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-011 723,366 1,628,655 473.9 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-012 723,078 1,628,880 474.1 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-013 723,227 1,629,369 471.0 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-014 723,151 1,629,821 467.5 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-015 725,966 1,628,436 474.7 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-016 726,124 1,627,974 479.9 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-017 726,612 1,627,617 484.1 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-018 726,736 1,627,032 480.2 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-024 728,225 1,627,147 483.7 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-025 727,976 1,627,668 482.1 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-026 727,542 1,628,115 481.1 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-027 727,359 1,628,568 482.3 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-028 727,472 1,629,035 483.0 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-075 731,375 1,629,040 480.3 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-077 731,816 1,628,201 477.4 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-078 731,900 1,627,827 475.6 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-079 731,311 1,627,167 476.7 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-080 730,875 1,626,724 476.7 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-081 731,317 1,626,022 482.3 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-082 731,292 1,625,496 486.1 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-083 731,263 1,624,968 486.7 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-084 732,151 1,624,801 484.5 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-085 731,541 1,624,148 489.7 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-086 734,097 1,625,966 488.0 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-087 733,847 1,626,377 481.4 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-088 733,666 1,627,040 480.9 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-089 733,379 1,627,474 484.8 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-090 733,382 1,627,933 488.6 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0

To be continued on next page... windPRO 3.0.639 by EMD International A/S, Tel. +45 96 35 44 44, www.emd.dk, [email protected] 7/21/2016 9:22 AM / 1 windPRO Project: Description: Licensed user: Orange_Bellugupa 100.8 MW Wind Farm Project near Beluguppa Village, Anantapur ERM India Private Limited District, Andhra Pradesh Building 10, 4th Floor, Tower A, DLF Cyber City IN-122002 Gurgaon +91 124 4170300 Naval Chaudhary / [email protected] Calculated: 7/19/2016 2:35 PM/3.0.639 SHADOW - Main Result Calculation: Shadow ...continued from previous page WTG type Shadow data Easting Northing Z Row data/Description Valid Manufact. Type-generator Power, Rotor Hub Calculation RPM rated diameter height distance [m] [kW] [m] [m] [m] [RPM] BLG-123 735,742 1,626,712 485.6 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-124 736,052 1,626,397 489.9 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-125 736,336 1,625,936 487.3 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-152 737,582 1,631,468 492.4 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-153 737,555 1,630,743 492.2 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-154 737,491 1,630,225 489.3 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-155 737,569 1,629,824 487.5 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-156 737,446 1,629,375 483.4 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-157 737,381 1,629,014 485.0 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-158 737,223 1,628,529 492.0 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-159 737,084 1,628,064 488.7 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-160 737,217 1,627,595 491.0 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-161 737,660 1,626,908 497.1 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-162 737,559 1,626,456 502.8 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0 BLG-163 737,563 1,625,983 499.6 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! Yes Suzlon S111-2,100 2,100 111.8 90.0 1,000 0.0

Shadow receptor-Input No. Name Easting Northing Z Width Height Height Degrees from Slope of Direction mode a.g.l. south cw window [m] [m] [m] [m] [°] [°] A House 722,979 1,629,496 470.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 -43.5 90.0 Fixed direction B House 722,918 1,629,610 469.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 -135.6 90.0 Fixed direction C House 723,180 1,630,274 465.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 90.0 Fixed direction D House 726,066 1,628,871 474.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 9.5 90.0 Fixed direction E House 726,116 1,628,810 471.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 23.9 90.0 Fixed direction G House 728,671 1,627,038 486.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 -238.0 90.0 Fixed direction H House 728,579 1,627,011 486.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 -248.8 90.0 Fixed direction I House 728,494 1,626,985 488.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 -227.7 90.0 Fixed direction J House 728,447 1,626,915 487.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 -215.7 90.0 Fixed direction K House 728,437 1,626,786 490.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 -215.6 90.0 Fixed direction L House 728,442 1,626,709 491.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 -198.5 90.0 Fixed direction M House 728,588 1,626,850 489.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 -225.2 90.0 Fixed direction N House 726,644 1,629,101 480.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 -136.6 90.0 Fixed direction O House 726,566 1,629,100 480.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 -126.8 90.0 Fixed direction P Warehouse 730,422 1,626,883 476.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 -71.2 90.0 Fixed direction Q House 737,275 1,628,740 489.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 17.0 90.0 Fixed direction R House 737,202 1,628,739 488.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 -1.5 90.0 Fixed direction S House 737,113 1,628,747 491.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 -14.8 90.0 Fixed direction T House 737,016 1,628,752 489.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 -35.0 90.0 Fixed direction U House 737,287 1,628,795 489.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 202.6 90.0 Fixed direction V House 737,198 1,628,801 487.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 212.6 90.0 Fixed direction W House 737,112 1,628,806 488.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 222.9 90.0 Fixed direction X House 737,059 1,628,864 488.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 249.0 90.0 Fixed direction Y House 736,934 1,628,898 490.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 -119.2 90.0 Fixed direction

Calculation Results Shadow receptor Shadow, worst case Shadow, expected values No. Name Shadow hours Shadow days Max shadow Shadow hours per year per year hours per day per year [h/year] [days/year] [h/day] [h/year] A House 172:06 130 1:31 83:42 B House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 C House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 D House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 E House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 G House 84:46 124 0:57 27:42 H House 101:34 100 1:11 25:48 I House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 J House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 K House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 To be continued on next page... windPRO 3.0.639 by EMD International A/S, Tel. +45 96 35 44 44, www.emd.dk, [email protected] 7/21/2016 9:22 AM / 2 windPRO Project: Description: Licensed user: Orange_Bellugupa 100.8 MW Wind Farm Project near Beluguppa Village, Anantapur ERM India Private Limited District, Andhra Pradesh Building 10, 4th Floor, Tower A, DLF Cyber City IN-122002 Gurgaon +91 124 4170300 Naval Chaudhary / [email protected] Calculated: 7/19/2016 2:35 PM/3.0.639 SHADOW - Main Result Calculation: Shadow ...continued from previous page Shadow, worst case Shadow, expected values No. Name Shadow hours Shadow days Max shadow Shadow hours per year per year hours per day per year [h/year] [days/year] [h/day] [h/year] L House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 M House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 N House 15:21 39 0:29 7:16 O House 12:35 36 0:26 5:56 P Warehouse 89:39 160 0:55 44:05 Q House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 R House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 S House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 T House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 U House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 V House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 W House 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 X House 81:46 84 1:11 22:33 Y House 79:46 113 0:57 29:22

Total amount of flickering on the shadow receptors caused by each WTG No. Name Worst case Expected [h/year] [h/year] BLD-076 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-007 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-008 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-009 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-010 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-011 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-012 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-013 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 172:06 83:42 BLG-014 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-015 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-016 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-017 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-018 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-024 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 134:31 38:09 BLG-025 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-026 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-027 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-028 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 15:39 7:25 BLG-075 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-077 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-078 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-079 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 19:30 7:12 BLG-080 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 70:09 36:25 BLG-081 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-082 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-083 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-084 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-085 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-086 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-087 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-088 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-089 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-090 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-123 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-124 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-125 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-152 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-153 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-154 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-155 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-156 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-157 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 130:41 41:45 BLG-158 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-159 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00

To be continued on next page... windPRO 3.0.639 by EMD International A/S, Tel. +45 96 35 44 44, www.emd.dk, [email protected] 7/21/2016 9:22 AM / 3 windPRO Project: Description: Licensed user: Orange_Bellugupa 100.8 MW Wind Farm Project near Beluguppa Village, Anantapur ERM India Private Limited District, Andhra Pradesh Building 10, 4th Floor, Tower A, DLF Cyber City IN-122002 Gurgaon +91 124 4170300 Naval Chaudhary / [email protected] Calculated: 7/19/2016 2:35 PM/3.0.639 SHADOW - Main Result Calculation: Shadow ...continued from previous page No. Name Worst case Expected [h/year] [h/year] BLG-160 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-161 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-162 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00 BLG-163 Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! 0:00 0:00

windPRO 3.0.639 by EMD International A/S, Tel. +45 96 35 44 44, www.emd.dk, [email protected] 7/21/2016 9:22 AM / 4 windPRO Annex J

Project Shadow Calendar Graphical

WTGs

BLG-013: Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! BLG-024: Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O!

windPRO 3.0.639 by EMD International A/S, Tel. +45 96 35 44 44, www.emd.dk, [email protected] 7/21/2016 9:23 AM / 1 windPRO Project: Description: Licensed user: Orange_Bellugupa 100.8 MW Wind Farm Project near Beluguppa Village, Anantapur ERM India Private Limited District, Andhra Pradesh Building 10, 4th Floor, Tower A, DLF Cyber City IN-122002 Gurgaon +91 124 4170300 Naval Chaudhary / [email protected] Calculated: 7/19/2016 2:35 PM/3.0.639 SHADOW - Calendar, graphical Calculation: Shadow

WTGs

BLG-024: Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O!

windPRO 3.0.639 by EMD International A/S, Tel. +45 96 35 44 44, www.emd.dk, [email protected] 7/21/2016 9:23 AM / 2 windPRO Project: Description: Licensed user: Orange_Bellugupa 100.8 MW Wind Farm Project near Beluguppa Village, Anantapur ERM India Private Limited District, Andhra Pradesh Building 10, 4th Floor, Tower A, DLF Cyber City IN-122002 Gurgaon +91 124 4170300 Naval Chaudhary / [email protected] Calculated: 7/19/2016 2:35 PM/3.0.639 SHADOW - Calendar, graphical Calculation: Shadow

WTGs

BLG-028: Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! BLG-079: Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O! BLG-080: Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O!

windPRO 3.0.639 by EMD International A/S, Tel. +45 96 35 44 44, www.emd.dk, [email protected] 7/21/2016 9:23 AM / 3 windPRO Project: Description: Licensed user: Orange_Bellugupa 100.8 MW Wind Farm Project near Beluguppa Village, Anantapur ERM India Private Limited District, Andhra Pradesh Building 10, 4th Floor, Tower A, DLF Cyber City IN-122002 Gurgaon +91 124 4170300 Naval Chaudhary / [email protected] Calculated: 7/19/2016 2:35 PM/3.0.639 SHADOW - Calendar, graphical Calculation: Shadow

WTGs

BLG-157: Suzlon S111 2100 111.8 !O!

windPRO 3.0.639 by EMD International A/S, Tel. +45 96 35 44 44, www.emd.dk, [email protected] 7/21/2016 9:23 AM / 4 windPRO ERM has over 10 offices Across the following countries worldwide

Argentina Netherlands Australia Peru Belgium Poland Brazil Portugal China Puerto Rico France Singapore Germany Spain Hong Kong Sweden Hungary Taiwan India Thailand Indonesia UK Ireland USA Italy Venezuela Japan Vietnam Korea Malaysia Mexico

ERM India Private Limited

Building 10, 4th Floor Tower A, DLF Cyber City Gurgaon – 122 002, NCR , India Tel: 91 124 417 0300 Fax: 91 124 417 0301

Regional Office – West 102, Boston House, Suren Road, Chakala Andheri Kurla Road, Andheri (East) Mumbai- 400093 India Office Board Telephone: 91- 22 -4210 7373 (30 lines) Fax: 91- 022- 4210 7474

Regional Office – West 702 Abhishree Avenue, Near Nehru Nagar Circle, Ambawadi Ahmedabad -380006 India Tel: +91 79 66214300 Fax: +91 79 66214301

Regional Office -South Ground Floor, Delta Block Sigma Soft Tech Park Whitefield, Main Road Bangalore- 560 066, India Tel: +91 80 49366 300 (Board)

Regional Office –East 4th Floor, Asyst Park, GN-37/1, Sector-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 091 Tel : 033-40450300 www.erm.com

ERM consulting services worldwide www.erm.com NOC FROM PANCHAYATS Annexure 2

Translated NOC Gram Panchayath Resolution

Beluguppa Mandal

Beluguppa Gram Panchayath

During the year 2016, ------month, on date ------at 11:00 Hrs, under the chairmanship of Gram Panchayat Sarpanch, the Gram Panchayat memers have assembled and in this meeting the following resolution was unanimously agreed.

Subject it was thoroughly discussed about the issue of “No Objection Certificate” regarding the establishment of windmills in the lands purchased by the M/S Sujaalan Gujarat Wind Park Limited by customers Orange Uravakonda Wind Power Private Limited, wherever needed, in the private lands of Narinjagundla Palli revenue villages within the limits of Narinjagundla Palli Gram Panchayath of Beluguppa Mandal.

Resolution

It was discussed and resolved in the Gram Panchayat that there is no objection for the establishment of Windmills as per the application of the M/S Sujaalan Gujarat Wind Park Limited, Hyderabad.

Sd. Sarpanch Beluguppa Gram Panchayat Beluguppa Mandal

NOC from Belaguppa

NOC FROM PANCHAYATS Annexure 2

NOC from Shreegangapuram

NOC FROM PANCHAYATS Annexure 2

NOC from Nakkalpalli

NOC FROM PANCHAYATS Annexure 2

NOC from Duddekunta

NOC FROM PANCHAYATS Annexure 2

NOC from Yerraguddi

NOC FROM PANCHAYATS Annexure 2

NOC from Thagguparthy

Annexure- 4

SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS SCREENING CHECKLIST

Subproject: 100 MW Wind Power Project at Belaguppa in Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh

I. Involuntary Resettlement Impact Checklist

Probable Involuntary Resettlement Effects Not Yes No Remarks Known Involuntary Acquisition of Land √ Required land was procured through direct purchase from 1. Will there be land acquisition? landowners. No involuntary acquisition of land 2. Is the site for land acquisition known? √

√ All land purchased for the Project 3. Is the ownership status and current usage of land to was owned by private be acquired known? landowners. The land use type of purchased land was agricultural. 4. Will easement be utilized within an existing Right of √ Way (ROW)?

5. Will there be loss of shelter and residential land due √ to land acquisition?

√ Low productive agricultural land 6. Will there be loss of agricultural and other productive has been purchased directly for assets due to land acquisition? the Project and not acquired.

Hence there is no loss 7. Will there be losses of crops, trees, and fixed assets √ due to land acquisition?

8. Will there be loss of businesses or enterprises due to √ land acquisition?

9. Will there be loss of income sources and means of √ livelihoods due to land acquisition?

Involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas

10. Will people lose access to natural resources, √ communal facilities and services?

√ Land use of the purchased land is 11. If land use is changed, will it have an adverse changed from agricultural to impact on social and economic activities? industrial for the Project. However, this will not have any adverse impacts. 12. Will access to land and resources owned √ communally or by the state be restricted?

Information on Displaced Persons: Annexure- 4

Any estimate of the likely number of persons that will be displaced by the Subproject? [√ ] No [ ] Yes

If yes, approximately how many? ______

Are any of them poor, female-heads of households, or vulnerable to poverty risks? [ ] No [ ] Yes

Are any displaced persons from indigenous or ethnic minority groups? [√ ] No [ ] Yes

2. Indigenous Peoples Impact Screening Checklist

KEY CONCERNS NOT YES NO Remarks (Please provide elaborations KNOWN on the Remarks column)

Indigenous Peoples Identification 1. Are there socio-cultural groups present in or use √ the subproject area who may be considered as "tribes" (hill tribes, schedules tribes, tribal peoples), "minorities" (ethnic or national minorities), or "indigenous communities" in the subproject area? 2. Are there national or local laws or policies as Not Applicable well as anthropological researches/studies that consider these groups present in or using the subproject area as belonging to "ethnic minorities", scheduled tribes, tribal peoples, national minorities, or cultural communities? 3. Do such groups self-identify as being part of a Not Applicable distinct social and cultural group? 4. Do such groups maintain collective attachments Not Applicable to distinct habitats or ancestral territories and/or to the natural resources in these habitats and territories? 5. Do such groups maintain cultural, economic, Not Applicable social, and political institutions distinct from the dominant society and culture? 6. Do such groups speak a distinct language or Not Applicable dialect? 7. Has such groups been historically, socially and Not Applicable economically marginalized, disempowered, excluded, and/or discriminated against? 8. Are such groups represented as "Indigenous Not Applicable Peoples" or as "ethnic minorities" or "scheduled tribes" or "tribal populations" in any formal decision- making bodies at the national or local levels? B. Identification of Potential Impacts

9. Will the subproject directly or indirectly benefit or Not Applicable target Indigenous Peoples? 10. Will the subproject directly or indirectly affect √ Indigenous Peoples' traditional socio-cultural and belief practices? (e.g. child-rearing, health, education, arts, and governance) Annexure- 4

KEY CONCERNS NOT YES NO Remarks (Please provide elaborations KNOWN on the Remarks column) 11. Will the subproject affect the livelihood systems √ of Indigenous Peoples? (e.g., food production system, natural resource management, crafts and trade, employment status) 12. Will the subproject be in an area (land or √ territory) occupied, owned, or used by Indigenous Peoples, and/or claimed as ancestral domain?

C. Identification of Special Requirements

Will the subproject activities include: 13. Commercial development of the cultural √ resources and knowledge of Indigenous Peoples? 14. Physical displacement from traditional or √ customary lands? 15. Commercial development of natural resources √ (such as minerals, hydrocarbons, forests, water, hunting or fishing grounds) within customary lands under use that would impact the livelihoods or the cultural, ceremonial, spiritual uses that define the identity and community of Indigenous Peoples? 16. Establishing legal recognition of rights to lands √ and territories that are traditionally owned or customarily used, occupied or claimed by indigenous peoples ? 17. Acquisition of lands that are traditionally owned √ or customarily used, occupied or claimed by indigenous peoples ?

D. Anticipated subproject impacts on Indigenous Peoples

Subproject component/ Anticipated positive effect Anticipated negative effect activity/ output 1. Establishment of Wind Power Plant Indirect only as it is a power none generation project. 2. Land requirement none No IP community land involved and/or affected by the project.