LINGUISTIC CIRCLE OF CANBERRA PUBLICATIONS EDITORS: S.A. WURi, J. B. HARRIS, N. O. MALMQVIST, D. C. LAYCOCK SERIES A OCCASIONAL PAPERS NO. 4 PAPERS IN NEW GUINEA LINGUISTICS No.2 by S. A. JURI CANBERRA 1964 THE AU STRALIAN NATIONAL UNlVER SITT Wurm, S.A. editor. Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 2. A-4, iv + 45 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1964. DOI:10.15144/PL-A4.cover ©1964 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. The publications of the Linguistic Circle of Canberra are issued in three series: SERIES A - OCCASIONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS. All correspondence concerning the Linguistic Circle of Canberra and its publications, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: THE SECRETARY, LINGUISTIC CIRCLE OF CANBERRA, FACULTY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES, THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, CANBERRA, A.C.T. AUSTRALIA. The copyright in the material of this publication is vested in the author or co-authors. The Circle is indebted to the Australian National University tor help in the production of this series. This publication was made possible by a grant from the Hunter Douglas FUnd. TA BLE OF CONTENTS Pa�e RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LINGUISTIC STUDIES ON THE AUSTRALIAN NEW GUINEA MAINLAND, by S. A. WUrm 1 O. INTRODUCTION 1 1. WORK BY LINGUISTS OF THE AU STRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 3 1.1. Work by S. A. WUrm in Languages of the Highlands Di stri cts 3 1. 2. Work by D. C. Laycock in Languages of the Sepik District 6 1.3. Work by A. Healey and P. M. Heal ey in Languages in and ,around 7 the Telefomin Area 1.4. Work by C. Criper in the Chimbu Language 8 1.5. Work by J. Harri s in Northern Kiwai Dialects 8 1. 6 . Research into Methods and Techniques of Linguistic Fi eldwo rk 8 1. 7. Work in Trade Languages of Au stralian New Guinea 8 2. WORK BY MEMBERS OF THE SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUIST­ ICS, AND WORK UN DER THE MICRO-EVOLUTION PROJECT, UNIVERSITY OF WA SHINGTON 9 2.1. General Remarks, and Languages under Study 9 2. 2. Studies by S. I.L. Members, and by K. McKaughan of the Micro-Evolution Studies Project in Co-operation wi th the S. I.L. 9 2.3. Linguistic SUrveys, and Language Courses 10 2.4. Literacy Materials and Translations 10 2.5. Work by W. and L. Oates in the Kapau Language 10 3. WORK BY OTHER LINGUISTS AND BY MISSIONARIES 11 4. WORK FOR THE FUTURE 11 No tes 13 MOTU AND POLICE MOTU, A STUDY IN TYPOLOGICAL CONTRASTS, by S. A. Wurm 19 O. INTRODUCTION 19 ill iv Page 1. MOTU AND POLICE MOTU - CLO SELY RELATED DIALECTS? 19 2. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR MU TUAL UNINTELLIGIBILITY OF MOTU AND POLI CE MOTU 20 3. DIFFERENCES IN THE STRU CTURE OF MOTU AND POLICE MOTU 21 3. 1. Re ference to the Category of Person 21 3. 2. Tenses, Moods, Aspects and Vo ices of the Verb 23 3. 3. Illustrative Examples to 3.2. 25 3.4. Motu Irregular Verbs 28 3. 5. FUrther Features of the Motu Ve rb 28 3.6 . Motu Verbal Forms with no Police Motu Equivalents 30 3. 7. Cases of Unilateral and Bilateral Intelligibility between Motu and Police Motu on the Verb Level 30 3. S. Indication of Possession 31 3. 9. Poli ce Motu dekena 32 4. CONCLUSIONS 33 No tes 35 Refe rences and Source s 36 GLOS SARY: Ho tu - English 37 Po lice Ho tu - Engl ish 39 Wurm, S.A. editor. Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 2. A-4, iv + 45 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1964. DOI:10.15144/PL-A4.cover ©1964 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LINGUISTIC STUDIES ON THE AUSTRALIAN NEW GUINEA MAINLAND1 S. A. WURM O. INTRODUCTION The first exp eri ences whi ch, towards the end of the nineteenth century, explorers and missionari es had wi th the linguisti c si tuation of what today is Au stral ian New Guinea, created the impression that this comparatively small area was occupied by an enormous multiplici ty of diverse, an d, in many cases, unb elievably intricate and complex languages most of whi ch we re spoken by only a few hundred, or perhap s one or two thousand, speakers. SUb sequent 11nguistic work showed that at least in some instances, it was possible to establish the exi s tence of small groups of interrelated languages and thu s simplify the lin­ guistic picture somewhat, but thi s simplifi cation was more than offset by th e di scovery of more an d more languages spoken by very small sp eech communi ties and apparently not related to each other or to any other known language. Only the large numb er of Melanesian languages spoken along considerable portions of the south- eastern, north-eastern and northern coasts of present-day Au stral ian New Guinea were already at the turn of the century recogni sed as consti tuting a large 11n­ gu isti cally coherent group , 2 which in turn was closely related to the 3 languages of the island wo rl d adj oining New Gu1nea in the east. The numerous an d complex non-MelaneSian, or Papuan, languages of the interior of New Guinea and of some coastal areas, could not be linked with any other known outside languages - a statement which has re­ ma1ned val id to the presen t day. Thi s picture di d not encourage language study, and for a long ti�e, lingui sti c work in the area was largely con fined to attemp ts, mainly by missionar1es, towards the mastery of indivi dual languages. Only a few very ske tchy su rveys of the distribution of language s in some limi ted areas were undertaken, 4 as well as fo�r more systemati c and detai led studi es aimed at the group ing and classi f1cation of vari ed numb ers of languages. 5 Characteri sti cally, the most detai led of the se earl ier studies deals wi th Melanesian Languages of the coast. The systematic and thorough study of the general 11nguistic si tua­ tion in, an d of individual lan guages of, Au stral ian New Guinea was initiated towards the latter part of the last decade by the establish­ ment of two centres of New Guinea linguistics, one at the Au stralian National Un iversi ty in Canb erra, and one at the Summer Insti tute of 1 Wurm, S.A. "Recent Developments in Linguistic Studies on the Australian New Guinea Mainland". In Wurm, S.A. editor, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 2. A-4:1-18. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1964. DOI:10.15144/PL-A4.1 ©1964 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. NEW GUINEA MAINLAND RECENT LINGUISTIC WORK MILES ITIIID 1 ]0 [AsT NEW IiUINEA HIG HLANDS srOCK T "IROAA WASHKUK (KWOM.) 1: 31 � rORE waSERA �����:�t� �����[D TO EAST NEW GUINEA l 32 KA.NITE BIG SEPIK (IATMUl) E3 33 NOU FAMilY (.5 C;UHU-S.MANE lol MANAMBU "UYANA � 6 35 VESAN-MAVO OK FAMilY SEN"-8ENA 16 WArrA � WANT OAT SIANGAI o DISTANTLY RELATED TO OK FAMilY 31 USARUF'A KARAM � 9 38 NORHI EASTERN IOWAI KEWA MANAGAlASI 10 39 � WIRU MAV RIVER OWAM) KAPAU 11 40 GADSUP CiAIKUNTI 12 41 LINGUISTICALLY UNKNOWN OR VERY LITTLE: !CAMANO MIKARU KNOWN AREAS 13 42 14 AGARABI 43 WAHGI EASTERN FAMilY HUANG GANDJA (kANDAWOJ 15 U EC KUHIHAIPA ERAP EAST-CENTRAL FAMILY 16 45 GAHUKU SALT-lUI 17 46 CENTRAL FAMilY 18 BINUHARIA 47 UPPER MANAGAlASI we AWA UNGUNA WEST-CENTRAL FAMILY 19 48 TELEFOMIN MANGGA BUANG 2tI 49 W CNUAVE MUSAtVAREBA) WESTERN FAMilY 21 50 Wtll DACiA KA 22 51 KARAM-KOaOH-GANTS SlANE MARING 21 DUN A KUTUBU (fOI) U PAW"IA M 25 MIKARU 26 GOllN 'GUMIHEl P ANGATAI PAWAI" 27 BARUA 28 OKS TIF'ALMIN OKSAPMIN fAMilY 2t ,-"su DUMUT UH UNINHABITED 3 Linguistics, now at Ukarumpa in the Eastern Highlands Distri ct of New Gu inea. Th e results of the work carri ed out under the au spices of these two centres has demonstrated that the linguisti c picture of Australian New Gu inea is, in essence, considerably simpl er and clearer than it has been believed to be the case, and that very large groups of more or less closely in terrelated non-Melanesian (or Papuan ) lan­ guages exist in the area. Already before work had started at these centres, it had become kn own that there were some languages in Australian New Gu inea wh ich were spoken by many thousand speake rs each, bu t the results arrived at by studies under the au spi ces of these centres made it clear that such languages were by no means un­ common th ere. The purpose of this paper is to high light some of the results achieved under the auspices Of the two ab ovem en tioned centres of linguistic study in recent years on the Au stralian New Gu inea Main­ land, and it wi ll al so mention recent lingui stic work undertaken in Australi an' New Guinea by people outside the two centres.