Determination of Dimensional Change of Fabrics Induced by Free Steam

BRITISH STANDARD BS 4323:1979 ISO 3005:1978

CONFIRMED MARCH1990

Method for Determination of dimensional change of fabrics induced by free steam

[ISO title: Textiles — Determination of dimensional change of fabrics induced by free-steam]

UDC 677.017.623:677.017.635 BS 4323:1979

Cooperating organizations

The Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations:

Association of Jute Spinners and Manufacturers British Man-made Fibres Federation* British Nonwovens Manufacturers’ Association British Railways Board British Textile Employers’ Association* Central Council of the Irish Linen Industry Consumer Standards Advisory Committee of BSI Department of Industry (Chemicals and Textiles) International Wool Secretariat* Knitting Industries Federation Ltd. Manchester Chamber of Commerce and Industry* Ministry of Defence* Narrow Fabrics Federation Retail Trading-Standards Association Inc. Textile Institute* Warp Knitters’ Association Ltd.

The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committees entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard:

Consumers’ Association Home Laundering Consultative Council Lambeg Industrial Research Association Quality Control Services Soap and Detergent Industry Association Textile Research Council University of Bradford

This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Fibres, Yarns andFabrics Standards Committee, was published underthe authority of the Executive Board and comes intoeffect on 28 February1979

The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FBT/16 Draft for approval77/35201

ISBN 0 580 10656 X BS 4323:1979

Contents

Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover National foreword ii 1 Scope and field of application 1 2 References 1 3 Principle 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 Conditioning atmosphere 1 6 Test specimens 1 7 Test procedures 1 8 Calculation and expression of results 2 9 Test report 2 Annex A Supporting frame for specimens 3 Annex B Steaming cylinder 3 Figure 1 — Diagrammatic representation of wire supporting frame 4 Figure 2 — Steaming cylinder 4 Publications referred to Inside back cover

National foreword

This revision of BS4323 has been prepared under the direction of the Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics Standards Committee, and is identical with ISO3005:1978“Textiles — Determination of dimensional change of fabrics induced by free-steam”. The1968 edition of BS4323 is now withdrawn. Terminology and conventions. The text of the international standard has been approved as suitable for publication, without deviation, as a BritishStandard. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with that used in British Standards; attention is drawn especially to the following. The comma has been used throughout as a decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker. Where the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be interpreted as “British Standard”. Cross-references

International standard Corresponding British Standard ISO139:1973 BS1051:1972 Glossary of terms relating to the conditioning and testing of textiles (Related) ISO3759:1976 BS4931:1973 Procedure for the preparation, marking and measuring of fabric specimens and garments in tests for assessing dimensional change (Technically equivalent) A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. ii © BSI 07-1999 BS4323:1979

1 Scope and field of application 6 Test specimens This International Standard specifies a method for 6.1 Cutting determination of the dimensional change of fabrics Cut the specimens300mm long and50mm wide, when subjected to the action of free-steam. It does with the longer sides in either the length or width not deal with the consolidation and felting direction of the fabric. Avoid selvedges and piece shrinkage of fabrics in wet treatments, or the ends. mechanical effects of pressing. 6.2 Preparation 2 References Pre-condition each test specimen, placed on a flat ISO139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for screen, for not less than4h in the pre-conditioning conditioning and testing. atmosphere specified in clause5. Then expose each test specimen to the standard atmosphere for ISO3759, Textiles — Preparation, marking and testing textiles for4h or until equilibrium is measuring of fabric specimens and garments in tests obtained, remove the specimen and mark it for for determination of dimensional change. measurement on a smooth flat surface using a pair of suitable small indicators (see ISO3759), 250mm 3 Principle apart, symmetrically placed on the central axis of Measured and conditioned strips of fabric are placed the specimen. Measure and record the distance on a fine wire frame. Because their heat capacity is between each pair of indicators. very low, the wires cause negligible condensation on 6.3 Number the cloth when the assembly is placed in steam. The assembly is inserted three times in a horizontal Unless otherwise agreed by the interested parties, cylinder through which steam flows steadily at a test four specimens with their length parallel to the prescribed rate from the back of the cylinder to the warp (or wale) direction and four specimens with door at the front of the cylinder. No vacuum is used. their length parallel to the weft (or course) direction. After removal from the cylinder, the strips are allowed to cool on the frame before being 7 Test procedures conditioned, and remeasured. Initial and final 7.1 Ensure that the steam flow is within20% of the lengths are measured at the same regain, both are specified value of 70g/min, and thoroughly warm recorded; the percentage dimensional change is the cylinder by allowing steam to flow for at calculated based on the initial length. The method least1min, or longer if the cylinder was previously requires the use of the conditioning atmosphere cool (seeAnnex B). specified in clause5, in order to minimize the 7.2 Lay four conditioned specimens flat on the wire differences between the initial and final regains. supporting frame, one specimen per layer. 4 Apparatus 7.3 Allow the steam to flow through the cylinder throughout the test; insert the frame while the 4.1 Marking and measuring equipment as described steam is flowing and immediately close the door. in ISO3759. Leave the specimens within the cylinder for30s; 4.2 Wire supporting frame as specified in Annex A. remove the frame from the cylinder for a period 4.3 Jacketed steaming cylinder constructed and of30s. Perform this cycle three times in all, fitted as described in Annex B. allowing no additional time between operations other than the prescribed30s. 4.4 Means of delivering steam to the cylinder at the rate of70g/min. 7.4 At the end of the third cycle, allow the specimens to cool, turn the frame so that the specimens fall 4.5 Means for producing the standard atmosphere onto a flat screen, pre-condition and condition them for testing textiles. as described in6.2 on the screen and remeasure them on a smooth flat surface. 5 Conditioning atmosphere The standard atmosphere for testing textiles as specified in ISO139 shall be used for pre-conditioning and conditioning.

8 Calculation and expression of results b) the nature and origin of the sample; Record the dimensional change (i.e.change in c) the following information for both the warp length) of each specimen, using a negative sign to (orwale) and weft (or course) directions; indicate a decrease in length, record also the 1) the positions of the specimens in the fabric direction on the fabric [i.e.warp (or wale) or weft in relation to the ends of the piece; (orcourse)] in which the change in length has been 2) the dimensional change of each specimen as measured. Record results as a percentage of the a percentage of the original length; original length. Calculate the mean value and the 3) the mean dimensional change of the range of the dimensional change for each set of replicates as a percentage of the original replicates. length; 9 Test report 4) the range of the individual dimensional change values. The test report shall include the following particulars: a) a statement that the procedure was conducted in accordance with this International Standard;

2 © BSI 07-1999 BS4323:1979

Annex A Supporting frame for B.3 The steaming unit shall be mounted so that the specimens (See Figure 1 and Figure 2) front end is slightly lower than the back; this will facilitate the drainage of condensate from the outer The supporting frame for specimens is constructed jacket. Angles and trap in the input steam line shall from hard-drawn stainless steel tubing, W, of be arranged so that the quantity of condensate diameter1,8mm, stainless steel angle, F, impelled in the direction of the input orifice is side3,8mm and thickness0,6mm, and hard-drawn minimized. The cylinder can be supported quite stainless steel wire of diameter0,15mm. The adequately by the lower pipe E by mounting this overall dimensions are300mm long, 50mm broad directly on a rigid drain in such a way that there is and 75mm high, and the four shelves or layers are no possibility of pressure build-up in the drain. The equally spaced. All joints are silver-soldered, and steam-chamber door shall be left open after use so there are five equally spaced wire strands on each of that the interior can dry. the four layers. The individual layers are B.4 The rate of steam flow (70g/min) is controlled constructed and wired before the complete frame is by orifice O which shall be of1,90mm diameter for assembled. a steam supply line at4 atm gauge pressure. To check the flow rate, use the exhaust steam to raise Annex B Steaming cylinder the temperature of water or iron. For example, the (See Figure 2) temperature of the cylinder itself shall be raised from room temperature to100°C in B.1 Steam may be supplied from a steam generator approximately2min30s. Condensation, which specially built for this purpose or it may be obtained supplies the heat and subsequently maintains the from an industrial line. When the latter is used, a temperature at100°C, occurs almost exclusively in wheel valve V and strainer S are fitted into the the outer jacket; drops of liquid water are thrown input steam line immediately before the orifice out against the black plate, so that in effect dry plate. The overall length of the steaming apparatus saturated steam enters the inner chamber through is380mm. Outer and inner sections are made from the gauze G. standard steam pipe, respectively125mm outside Negligible condensation occurs on the liner. The diameter, 4,9mm wall, and100mm inside steam escapes through pipe D and pipe E drains diameter, 3,7mm wall. An aluminium liquid from the outer jacket. liner,0,25mm thick, fits tightly inside the steaming NOTEApparatus as described in Annex A and Annex B is chamber, and holds the copper gauze G of80 mesh, manufactured by Wira, Headingley Lane, Leeds, England, wire diameter of0,132mm (39SWG), through LS61BW. which the steam enters. Pipe D of12mm diameter is concentric with pipe E of25mm diameter. The end of the pipe D is raised slightly above the level of the cylinder wall, and passes through a circular hole in the liner. The whole unit shall be thermally insulated. B.2 In order to maintain the steaming temperature at100°C, the internal pressure must remain equal to that of the atmosphere outside the apparatus. The door of the steaming chamber is secured by a magnetic catch, and opens if the excess pressure inside exceeds about1500Pa1).

1) 1Pa = 1N/m2

Figure 1 — Diagrammatic representation of wire supporting frame

Figure 2 — Steaming cylinder

4 © BSI 07-1999 BS4323:1979

Publications referred to

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