The Role of Albania and Kosovo in the 'South-Eastern Turn'
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
The Role of Albania and Kosovo in the ‘South-Eastern Turn’ in Contemporary German-Language Literature Chloe Fagan PhD in Germanic Studies University of Dublin, Trinity College Department of Germanic Studies Supervisor: Prof. Jürgen Barkhoff Adjunct Supervisor: Prof. (emeritus) Moray McGowan September 2020 Declaration I declare that this thesis has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other university and it is entirely my own work. I agree to deposit this thesis in the University’s open access institutional repository or allow the library to do so on my behalf, subject to Irish Copyright legislation and Trinity College Library conditions of use and acknowledgement. Signed: ................................................ Table of Contents Declaration ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Acknowledgements. .......................................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2: Albania and Kosovo in German-Language Literature: A Topography ................... 28 2.1. Migrant Literature ................................................................................................................... 28 2.1.1. Introduction. ................................................................................................................ 28 2.1.2. Background to Migrant Literature Studies: Definitions and Contested Nomenclature .............................................................................................................. 30 2.1.2.1. Gastarbeiterliteratur: Themes and Criticisms. ................................................... 30 2.1.2.2. Betroffenheitsliteratur and Beyond…. ................................................................ 33 2.1.3. German-Language Migrant Literature ........................................................................ 35 2.1.3.1. Migrant Literature in Austria and Germany ........................................................ 35 2.2. South-Eastern European Diaspora Literature ......................................................................... 38 2.2.1. The Turkish Turn and the Eastern Turn in German-Language Literature ................... 38 2.3. Migrant Biography and Narrative ........................................................................................... 42 2.3.1. Introduction. .................................................................................................................. 42 2.3.2. Literary Prizes: Germany and Austria ........................................................................... 42 2.3.3. Migrant Biography and Migrant Discourse .......................................................................... 44 2.3.3.1. Reductive Migrant Biography and Marketing ............................................................. 44 2.3.3.2. Redefining Migrant Biography .................................................................................... 45 2.4. Cultural Trauma. ............................................................................................................................. 49 2.4.1. Introduction. ........................................................................................................................ 49 2.4.2. Theories ................................................................................................................................ 50 2.4.2.1. Trauma Theories: Caruth, LaCapra, and Representing Cultural Trauma. ................... 50 2.4.2.2. Derrida: Sur-Vivre and the Archive as Expressions of Trauma .................................... 52 2.4.2.3. Freud and Kristeva: Mourning, the Depressed Subject, and the Traumatic Loss of Language ......................................................................................................... 56 2.4.2.4. Boris Prevšić: Representing the Yugoslav Conflict in German- Language Literature ...................................................................................................................... 58 2.4.3. Images of Albania and Kosovo in Balkan Discourse ........................................................... 60 2.4.3.1. Imagology and Balkan Stereotypes .............................................................................. 60 2.4.3.2. Maria Todorova: Imagining the Balkans (1997) .......................................................... 61 2.4.3.3. Allcock and Young: Gender and Sexual Discourses in Orientalist Images of the Balkans ................................................................................................................... 63 2.4.3.4. Boris Previšić: The Image of the Balkans in German-Language Literature ................ 65 2.4.3.5. Inventing Ruritania and Images of the Balkans as Literary Colonialism..................... 67 2.4.3.6. Lindita Arapi: Deconstructing the Balkanist Discourse on Albania. .................... 68 2.4.3.7. Deconstruction of ‘Balkan’ Image of Albania and Kosovo .................................. 69 2.5. Interkulturelle Literatur and Migrant Identity .......................................................................... 71 2.5.1. The Concept of Border and Transkulturalität ................................................................ 73 2.5.2. Third Space ................................................................................................................... 75 2.5.2.1. The Location of Culture and the Role of the Concept of the Boundary ................ 75 2.5.2.2. Definition of ‘Hybrid’ in Context of Third Space ................................................. 75 2.5.3. Interkulturelle Literatur as a Counterdiscourse ........................................................... 78 2.5.4. Beyond Migrant Literature ......................................................................................... 82 2.6. Secondary Sources on Individual Authors. ............................................................................. 82 Chapter 3: Albanian Migrants in German-Language Literature: Ferra and Grill ................. 84 3.2 Introduction. .......................................................................................................................... 84 3.3 Ilir Ferra: “Halber Atem”. ................................................................................................... 84 3.3.1. Introduction. .......................................................................................................................... 84 3.3.2. Attempting to Integrate: The Migrant as Liminal Figure ...................................................... 87 3.3.3. Language, Mimicry, and the Migrant Subject. ...................................................................... 88 3.3.4. Migrant Biography and Criminalization of the Migrant Subject........................................... 89 3.3.5. Migrant Body, Sexuality, and Confronting the Other ........................................................... 97 3.3.6. Conclusion. ........................................................................................................................... 102 3.4 Andrea Grill’s Tränenlachen and the Impact of Dominant Migrant Discourse on Individuals ............................................................................................................................ 103 3.4.1. Introduction. ......................................................................................................................... 103 3.4.2. Unequal Narrative Relationship and Problematic Migrant Representation. ......................... 104 3.4.3. Performance, Puppetry, Projection and the Failure to Interrogate the Received Migrant Discourse .............................................................................................................................. 107 3.4.4. Migrant Imagery: Unstable, Invisible Forms. ...................................................................... 110 3.4.5. Failure of Language, and Impact of Internalizing Balkan Discourse ................................... 111 3.4.6. Conclusion. ........................................................................................................................... 113 3.5 Ilir Ferra’s Minus: Disillusionment with the Promise of Interkulturelle Literatur and Deconstruction of the Migrant Subject/Author’s Agency..................................................... 114 3.5.1. Introduction. ......................................................................................................................... 114 3.5.2. Vienna: Parallel Societies. .................................................................................................... 115 3.5.3. The Literary Workshop and Ferra’s Critical Deconstruction of Migrantenliteratur ............. 118 3.5.4. Disillusionment with Migrant Discourse, and Narrator’s Inability to Communicate. .......... 121 3.5.5. Minus Reception and Impact on Ferra’s Writing ................................................................... 125 3.6 Conclusion. ........................................................................................................................... 127