Hybrid and Native Grape Varieties for North Carolina ?
Rick Dunst Double A Vineyards, Inc. Fredonia, NY
Double A Vineyards – Current Production
300 acres of production vineyards 30 acres of variety blocks 5 million own-rooted cuttings 500,000 grafted vines 150 acres of willow nursery 15 full-time, 40 part-time employees Over 100 different varieties 11,000 sq. ft. storage facility
Double A Vineyards – Future Production
Double A has been a leader in supporting the efforts of the National Clean Plant Network 2013 – initial planting in our new increase block from “Russell Ranch” material (“virus-free”, crown gall free vines)
Lake Erie Concord Grape Belt
Lake Erie
E s c a r p m e n t of A l l e g h e n y P l a t e a u
527 M
Lake Erie Concord Grape Belt Association By Antoni Magri and Duncan Hilchey 172 M
Lake Erie Viticulture Region
>60,000 acres of grapes in the Eastern U.S. >30,000 acres along the southern shore of Lake Erie (NY, PA, OH) Lake Erie grape region predominantly own-rooted native and hybrid varieties grown for the production of grape juice, jellies, and bulk wine ‘Concord’ has been produced in the region for almost 150 years Own-rooted or grafted vines?
Own-rooted Avoid issues with grafted vines Winter protection Initial cost of vines Grafted Phylloxera resistance TRSV resistance – Vidal, DeChaunac, etc. Vine vigor control
Rootstocks offered at Double A
3309 (relatively) high vigor 101-14 – moderate vigor Riparia Gloire – low to moderate vigor
Custom grafting to other rootstocks – especially for high pH sites Variety/Rootstock Experiment Dr. Terry Bates, Cornell (Fredonia) 4 varieties, 4 rootstocks Excessively well-drained gravel soil Best treatments (in terms of vine size) Riesling/3309 Traminette/Gravesac (increase Mg and P levels) Cabernet Sauvignon/Riparia Noiret/own-rooted Variety traits for NC
Winter hardy to Zone 7 Late bud break Late harvest (relatively speaking) Disease resistant High wine quality potential Vitis species to consider
Muscadine Vinifera Interspecific hybrids Natives (V. Labruscana) Norton/Cynthiana (Labrusca x Aestivalis) “Minnesota” varieties (Riparia hybrids) Climate comparison
GDD base 50 USDA Zone mean (2011) Fredonia, NY 5b 2664 (2747)
Mount Airy, NC 7a 3368 (4104)
Hermann, MO 5b 3267 (3959)
Atwater Stone Bridge White
“Classic” Finger Lakes white hybrid blend $10/bottle retail at the winery 40% Vidal, 25% Cayuga White, 25% Vignoles, 10% Seyval “Non-vintage” 1.0 TA, 1% RS, 11.5% alc. Double Gold – best hybrid white blend – 2011 NY State Food & Wine Classic White Interspecific Hybrids
Mid-season Late season Cayuga White Traminette Seyval Vidal (usually grafted) Valvin Muscat NY 81.0315.17 Couderc 299-35 x Riesling x Cayuga White Muscat Ottonel Melody Vignoles Very late season NY 76.0844.24 Chardonnel Ravat 34 x Traminette Chardonnay x Seyval
Liberty Vineyards Dry Diamond
$12.99 retail at the winery 100% Moore’s Diamond 1% RS Grapes are harvested at about 14 brix Fermented in stainless, finished in oak Bred in 1885 by Jacob Moore Concord x Iona White Natives
Elvira (for acid) Moore’s Diamond Niagara Swenson White? Late, high acid “Red” Natives
Catawba Delaware Blue or Black “Natives”
Concord Fredonia (earlier) Isabella (later) New York Muscat Muscat Hamburg x Ontario Hardy to 0F, used for dosage or sweet wine Steuben Norton/Cynthiana (Missouri, Virginia) Liberty Vineyards Noiret Liberty Vineyards Syrah Harvest mid-October Both wines are barrel-fermented
Noiret (2009 vintage) – retails for $17.99 Syrah (2010 vintage) – retails for $23.99
Viticultural characteristics Red Hybrids
Chambourcin Baco Noir Corot Noir Chancellor (GR-7) Chelois Marquette? DeChaunac Noiret Marechal Foch NY 95.0301.01 Vinifera
Albarino Auxerrois Gruner Vetliner Lemberger Zweigeldt