Prepared For: Prepared By

Home , Christina Lake (Alberta), Heart Lake First Nation, Kehewin Cree Nation, North Saskatchewan River, Winefred Lake

NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013 / 8472

APPENDIX 8

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE REPORT

Page A8-1

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED NOVA GAS TRANSMISSION LTD. SUNDAY CREEK SOUTH LATERAL LOOP NO. 3 PIPELINE PROJECT

FOR THE COMMUNITIES OF:

CHRISTINA RIVER DENE NATION COUNCIL HEART LAKE FIRST NATION FORT MCMURRAY #468 FIRST NATION CHIPEWYAN PRAIRIE DENE FIRST NATION BEAVER LAKE CREE FIRST NATION KEHEWIN CREE NATION CONKLIN MÉTIS NATION LOCAL #193 WILLOW LAKE MÉTIS LOCAL #780 FORT MCMURRAY MÉTIS LOCAL #1935 MÉTIS NATION OF ALBERTA REGION 1

April 2013 8472

THE CONFIDENTIALITY OF THE LOCATION AND NATURE OF USE OF ALL SITES HAS BEEN PRESERVED THROUGHOUT THIS REPORT

Prepared for: Prepared by:

NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. TERA Environmental Consultants A Wholly Owned Subsidiary of TransCanada PipeLines Limited Suite 1100, 815 - 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3P2 Calgary, Alberta Ph: 403-265-2885 NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL), a wholly owned subsidiary of TransCanada PipeLines Limited (TransCanada), is applying to the National Energy Board (NEB) under Section 58 of the NEB Act for authorisation to construct and operate the Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project (the Project). The Project involves the construction of approximately 12.8 km in length of 609.6 mm diameter pipeline, with a maximum allowable operating pressure of 9,930 kPa. The tie-in to the existing Jackfish Meter Station is 0.2 km in length. The pipeline parallels existing or approved linear dispositions for approximately 69.5% of its entire length and is located entirely on Crown lands.

Environmental field studies for the Project were initiated during summer 2012. This Traditional Knowledge Report provides the results and recommendations of the Traditional Land Use (TLU) studies conducted to date and of the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) collected through Aboriginal participation during the biophysical field studies for the Project.

BIOPHYSICAL FIELD STUDY PARTICIPATION FOR THE PROJECT

Biophysical Study Date Aboriginal Community Aquatics August 16 to 20, 2012 Christina River Dene Nation Council January 29 to February 1, 2013 Wetlands July 28, 2012 No participation Vegetation August 20 to 25, 2012 Christina River Dene Nation Council Wildlife July 31 to August 2, 2012 No participation Archaeology November 10 to 12, 2012 Christina River Dene Nation Council

TIMETABLE OF TRADITIONAL LAND USE STUDIES FOR THE PROJECT

NGTL Project Aboriginal Introduction Field Results Review/ Community Meeting Map Review Interviews Reconnaissance Mitigation Meetings Christina River Dene August 1, 2012 September 4, 2012 September 4 to 5, 2012 September 4, 2012 November 21, 2012 Nation Council Heart Lake First Nation July 24, 2012 Third-party TLU study (underway). August 15, 2012 To be determined. Fort McMurray #468 September 5, 2012 Third-party TLU study (underway). February 28, 2013 To be determined. First Nation Chipewyan Prairie August 29, 2012 Participation on a TLU study to be determined by Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation. Dene First Nation Beaver Lake Cree February 26, 2013 Participation on a TLU study to be determined by Beaver Lake Cree Nation. Nation Kehewin Cree Nation January 8, 2013 Third-party TLU study (work plan under development). Conklin Métis Nation August 22, 2012 Third-party TLU study (work plan under development). Local #193 Willow Lake Métis February 7, 2013 Participation on a TLU study to be determined by Willow Lake Métis Local #780. Local #780 Fort McMurray Métis March 8, 2013 Participation on a TLU study to be determined by Fort McMurray Métis Local #1395. Local #1395

The issues identified to date by Christina River Dene Nation Council through a TLU study and participation during the biophysical field studies for the Project are summarised in the table below. Concerns were addressed by mitigation measures described in the Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) to be implemented for the Project and agreed upon during the field surveys and during follow-up community results review meetings.

Aboriginal communities potentially impacted by the Project will be invited to participate in the 2013 supplemental biophysical field studies. Additional information gathered during ongoing engagement with potentially affected Aboriginal communities will be incorporated into Project planning, including the EPP and the Environmental Alignment Sheets, as appropriate. The results of Aboriginal participation during

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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472 these 2013 studies and from any upcoming TLU studies will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

In the event that TLU sites requiring mitigation are identified during ongoing TLU studies and/or during construction, the accepted and proven mitigative strategies outlined in this Report and in the TLU Sites Discovery Contingency Plan (see Appendix 1E of the EPP) will be implemented. The specific mitigation measures that may be implemented will be dependent on the type of concern or site identified.

SUMMARY OF ISSUES/CONCERNS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Distance and Direction from NGTL Proposed Location Project Description Issue/Concern Mitigation Measures Traditional Ecological Knowledge Observation From KP 11.0 to Along slopes of Late Late successional forest will be Do not take more temporary workspace in this area than is KP 11.1 unnamed successional destroyed during construction. already identified. tributary to forest. Use a stump mulcher rather than grubbing on areas where Sunday Creek stripping and grading is not necessary. (WC 3). Reduce the extent of grubbing within the construction right-of- way. KP 1.8 (WC1); 0 m; Beaver dams/ Beavers will need to be trapped Contact Aboriginal communities a minimum of two weeks KP 6.2 (WC 2); 30 m north; lodges. and community members prior to commencing clearing and construction activities, and KP 11.1 (WC 3); and 50 m north; and should be employed to trap. provide maps and schedules of the proposed construction KP 12.2 (WC4) 200 m east activities to enable them to select alternate areas for activity and ensure the communities are informed of any changes in the construction schedule. Compensate trappers in accordance with provincial requirements. NGTL’s Trappers Compensation Plan reimburses senior trap line holders based on three elements of Project notification, pre-construction consultation / notification and post construction fur loss negotiation / compensation. In the event that beaver dams or lodges will be disturbed, provide notification or obtain necessary provincial permits prior to commencing activities. Engage the registered trapper(s). At KP 3.0, KP 3.1, 0 m Northern Construction may damage Schedule construction outside of the growing season, do not KP 3.6 and from slender orchid habitat. take more temporary workspace in this area than is already KP 3.9 to KP 4.0 ladies’-tresses identified and use appropriate protective material (rare orchid). (e.g., packed snow and ice) in the vicinity of these plant locations in order to reduce soils and vegetation disturbance. Entire length of -- Vegetation Line-of-sight and predators Use measures to control access (e.g., rollback) and proposed pipeline clearing along along the proposed pipeline. construction techniques to restrict grubbing. the proposed pipeline. Aquatics Regional -- Watercourses Water quality in creeks and Develop water quality monitoring plans to monitor for Study Area (RSA) and lakes in the region will decline. sediment events during instream construction activities as waterbodies Request that water sources and required by the applicable regulatory approvals (i.e., the in the region. discharge associated with Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Letter of construction be tested regularly Advice). If monitoring reveals sediment values are for quality and quantity. approaching threshold values, the water quality monitors will alert the Environmental Inspector(s) and work with them to develop corrective actions. If corrective actions are not successful, construction activities will be temporarily suspended until effective solutions are identified. Prior to discharge of hydrostatic test water, testing and treatment measures will be implemented during the construction phase, in accordance with provincial codes of practice.

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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472

Distance and Direction from NGTL Proposed Location Project Description Issue/Concern Mitigation Measures Results of Traditional Land Use Study Entire length of -- Potential for If a pipeline breaks or ruptures, The following measures will be implemented during the proposed pipeline pipeline wildlife near to the break will be construction phase: breaks or negatively impacted. Elders are use of high quality steel and welding techniques; ruptures. uncomfortable accepting the welds checked by ultrasonic inspection or x-ray to ensure risk without compensation of they are sound; some kind. pipeline segments will be fusion-bonded epoxy coated to protect them against corrosion; and pipeline segments will be tested prior to operation, and if a leak occurs during testing, the affected section of the pipe will be replaced. The pipeline will be constructed in accordance with CSA Z662. -- -- Cumulative Concerned that the cumulative Potential Project-related cumulative effects are mitigated with impact of effects of oil and gas implementation of the following design and construction development development are negatively measures: in the region. impacting the environment. align the proposed pipeline to follow existing linear Fewer animals, unhealthier features such as pipelines and disturbed areas such as plants and animals, lower water facilities/clearings to the extent practical; levels and strange algae and reduce predator line-of-sight and associated mortality oily films on streams and lakes risk; have been observed. encourage rapid regeneration of natural vegetation; and avoid construction during critical wildlife timing windows. -- -- Benefits to the Community members would like NGTL to continue to communicate with participating community of to see some of the money from communities to address issues and concerns related to development. oil and gas activities go toward economic opportunities and community investment. developing infrastructure and Encourage the Prime Contractors to use qualified local and providing amenities in the Aboriginal businesses and services. community.

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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472

CREDIT SHEET

PARTICIPATING ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES:

• Christina River Dene Nation Council;

• Heart Lake First Nation; and

• Fort McMurray #468 First Nation.

TERA PERSONNEL:

• Paul Anderson;

• Mallory Bjella;

• Brian Bruzzese;

• Aaron Curtis;

• Chanda Drebet;

• Carrie Dunn;

• Wanda Lewis; and

• Kristina Shrestha.

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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... I 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Project Description ...... 1 1.2 Project-Specific Environment ...... 2 1.3 Archaeological Overview ...... 2 1.4 Project Engagement...... 3 1.4.1 Christina River Dene Nation Council ...... 3 1.4.2 Heart Lake First Nation ...... 3 1.4.3 Fort McMurray #468 First Nation ...... 3 1.4.4 Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation ...... 3 1.4.5 Beaver Lake Cree First Nation ...... 3 1.4.6 Kehewin Cree Nation ...... 3 1.4.7 Willow Lake Métis Local #780 ...... 4 1.4.8 Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 ...... 4 1.4.9 Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 ...... 4 1.4.10 Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 ...... 4 2.0 TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE ...... 6 2.1 Objectives ...... 6 2.2 Study Area Boundaries ...... 6 2.3 Methods ...... 6 2.3.1 Community Engagement ...... 7 2.3.2 Field Reconnaissance ...... 7 2.3.3 Reporting ...... 7 2.4 Results ...... 7 2.4.1 Aquatics ...... 8 2.4.2 Vegetation ...... 10 2.4.3 Wildlife ...... 11 2.4.4 Archaeology ...... 13 2.4.5 Summary ...... 13 3.0 TRADITIONAL LAND USE ...... 14 3.1 Objectives ...... 14 3.2 Study Area Boundaries ...... 14 3.3 Review of Existing Data Sources and Literature ...... 17 3.4 Traditional Land Use Study Methods ...... 17 3.4.1 Map Reviews/Interviews ...... 18 3.4.2 Field Reconnaissance ...... 18 3.4.3 Reporting ...... 18 3.5 Traditional Land Use Site Types and Mitigation ...... 18 3.6 Traditional Land Use Sites Discovered During Construction ...... 21 3.7 Results ...... 21 3.7.1 Christina River Dene Nation Council ...... 21 3.7.2 Heart Lake First Nation ...... 32 3.7.3 Fort McMurray #468 First Nation ...... 32 3.7.4 Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation ...... 33 3.7.5 Beaver Lake Cree First Nation ...... 33

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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472

3.7.6 Kehewin Cree Nation ...... 33 3.7.7 Willow Lake Métis Local #780 ...... 34 3.7.8 Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 ...... 34 3.7.9 Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 ...... 34 3.7.10 Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 ...... 34 4.0 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTSTANDING ISSUES ...... 35 5.0 REFERENCES ...... 37 5.1 Literature Cited ...... 37 5.2 GIS and Mapping References ...... 38

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Regional Location ...... 5 Figure 3.1 Traditional Land Use Study Boundaries ...... 16 Figure 3.2 Christina River Dene Nation Council Traditional Land Use Areas Identified During Map Review for the Project (December 2012) ...... 22 Figure 3.3 Christina River Dene Nation Council Traditional Land Use Areas Assessed During Overflight for the Project (December 2012) ...... 23

LIST OF TABLES Biophysical Field Study Participation for the Project ...... i Timetable of Traditional Land Use Studies for the Project ...... i Summary of Issues/Concerns and Mitigation Measures ...... ii Table 2.3-1 Biophysical Field Study Participation ...... 6 Table 3.2-1 Spatial Boundaries of Traditional Land Use Resource Components ...... 14 Table 3.4-1 Timetable of Traditional Land Use Studies for Each Participating Community ...... 17 Table 3.7-1 Trails and Travelways Identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council ...... 25 Table 3.7-2 Habitation Sites Identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council ...... 26 Table 3.7-3 Plant Harvesting Identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council ...... 26 Table 3.7-4 Hunting Areas Identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council ...... 28 Table 3.7-5 Fishing Areas Identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council ...... 29 Table 3.7-6 Trapping Areas Identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council ...... 30 Table 3.7-7 Gathering Places Identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council ...... 31 Table 3.7-8 Sacred Areas Identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council ...... 31 Table 4.1-1 Summary of Issues/Concerns and Mitigation Measures ...... 35

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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472

1.0 INTRODUCTION NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) commissioned TERA Environmental Consultants (TERA) to prepare an Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment (ESA) for the proposed Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project (the Project) to support the National Energy Board (NEB) Application, under Section 58 of the NEB Act.

TERA was also commissioned to assist in the collection of Traditional Knowledge conducted with potentially affected Aboriginal communities that focus on experiential knowledge and current use of land for traditional activities. Field reconnaissance focused on Crown lands potentially disturbed by pipeline construction and clean-up activities, including associated physical works and activities.

When planning development projects, NGTL engages with Aboriginal communities and organisations that may be affected by a proposed development or that may have an interest in the development based on the proximity of their community and their assertion of traditional and cultural use of the land along the proposed pipeline to maintain a traditional lifestyle. The Project is located within the asserted traditional territories and areas of interest of the following Aboriginal communities and organisations:

• Christina River Dene Nation Council;

• Heart Lake First Nation;

• Fort McMurray #468 First Nation;

• Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation;

• Beaver Lake Cree First Nation;

• Kehewin Cree Nation;

• Conklin Métis Nation Local #193;

• Willow Lake Métis Local #780; and

• Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935; and

• Métis Nation of Alberta, Region 1.

The collection of Traditional Knowledge was conducted through the participation of potentially affected Aboriginal communities in the biophysical field studies for the Project to document knowledge about the land (i.e., Traditional Ecological Knowledge [TEK]) and through Traditional Land Use (TLU) studies for the Project to document knowledge about the use of the land. To date, TEK and TLU information for the Project has been collected with and shared by Christina River Dene Nation Council.

1.1 Project Description NGTL, a wholly owned subsidiary of TransCanada PipeLines Limited (TransCanada), is proposing to construct and operate the Project. The Project will meet increasing demand for transportation of sweet natural gas along the existing NGTL System. The Project is located in the Rural Municipality (RM) of Wood Buffalo approximately 5 km south of Christina Lake, in the Green Area of Alberta. Conklin, the nearest community, is located approximately 13 km northwest of the Project. The Project will transport natural gas from a valve site at 6-9-76-5 W4M to the Sunday Creek Meter Station at 14-5-76-6 W4M. The pipeline will include a cross over valve and a future tie-in valve to the existing Jackfish Meter Station located at 5-11-76-6 W4M (see Figure 1.1). The pipeline is approximately 12.8 km in length of 609.6 mm diameter pipeline, with a maximum allowable operating pressure of 9,930 kPa. The tie-in to the existing Jackfish Meter Station is 0.2 km in length. The pipeline parallels existing or approved linear dispositions for approximately 69.5% of its length and is located entirely on Crown lands.

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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472

1.2 Project-Specific Environment The Project is located on Crown land in the RM of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, approximately 13.1 km southeast of the town of Conklin, Alberta. The Project lies within the Central Mixedwood Natural Subregion of Alberta, which is the largest natural subregion in Alberta (Natural Regions Committee 2006).

The Central Mixedwood Natural Subregion is characterised by stands of upland white spruce and aspen mixedwood forest as well as black spruce-dominated muskeg. Common understory species include low-bush and bog cranberry, green alder, bunchberry, dewberry, peat and feather mosses. The proposed pipeline crosses one named watercourse, Sunday Creek, as well as three unnamed watercourses. Typically, soil types within this natural subregion consist of silty to sandy loams overlying glacial till deposits.

1.3 Archaeological Overview Archaeological evidence from the Fort McMurray area suggests continuous occupation by Aboriginal groups since the retreat of the last ice age. The peoples that occupied the area had to adapt to the landscape created by the retreating ice sheets and glacial lakes. Transportation of people in the boreal forest presented seasonal challenges, with winter being the time of mobility. During this season, nearly full access to the landscape was possible through the use of snowshoes, toboggans and dog sleds. Summer transportation was limited to navigable waterways and portages by canoes and other watercraft, and dry, upland trails. Challenges were posed at spring break-up and during autumn freeze-up and, for the occupiers of the forest, the seasonal round (i.e., changes of land use with the seasons) was inflexible at these times.

Evidence of past hunting activities indicates a broad-based opportunistic resource selection was exploited, with moose, bison, elk, caribou and deer providing the greatest value. Furbearers were of importance due to their relative population stability and beaver, muskrat and snowshoe hare were widely utilised. Seasonal fishing was a major source of sustenance and fishing strategies varied from harpooning, netting and hooking to the use of fish weirs. The greatest catches occurred at spring and fall during the various spawning runs. Good fishing locales, such as inlets and outlets of lakes, and spawning narrows are permanent features of the cultural landscape with large-scale archaeological habitation of these areas.

Occupiers of the forest used most of the boreal forest plants, as evident from both archaeological and ethnographical records and studies (Marles et al. 2000). Utilitarian items, such as bark canoes, snowshoes, lodges, bark containers, animal traps, projectile shafts and fishing nets were produced from boreal vegetation. Berry picking activities in the late summer and early autumn were of importance as the berries provided a source of nutrients that could be dried and preserved for winter use. Medicinal plant gathering substantially increased life expectancy, as related in the oral traditions of boreal forest peoples.

The seasons directly affect the nature of transportation and mobility of the forest occupants and, combined with forest fires and related regeneration, these factors present a seasonal mosaic of opportunity and challenges. This situation led to the establishment of a seasonal round, where activity, group size and habitation of the forest would change with the seasons. The primary activity of the seasonal round was the In-gathering, a seasonal gathering of the regional band, which was made up of around 100 to 500 people (Helm 1969). In-gathering was a time of story-telling, ceremonials, renewal and strengthening of social ties and passing down of regional knowledge. This gathering occurred in the early summer or autumn at a predetermined location with abundant resources. A network of connected trail systems and large archaeological sites were created by these seasonal gatherings. Following the In-gathering, the regional band split into smaller groups for the remainder of the year and travelled to various areas where hunting and fishing were abundant. For most of the year the population was widely dispersed across the landscape and individual bands could separate into cultural and functional groups, which created smaller camps and workshops. Archaeological finds throughout the region provide evidence that supports this theory of seasonal dispersal.

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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472

1.4 Project Engagement The status of NGTL’s engagement with each potentially affected Aboriginal community is provided as follows. A detailed summary of NGTL’s engagement activities with each potentially affected Aboriginal community is provided in Attachment 09 – Aboriginal Engagement Summary of the Application.

1.4.1 Christina River Dene Nation Council NGTL and Christina River Dene Nation Council engaged in discussions to determine the community’s interest and a process for their involvement in Project activities. Christina River Dene Nation Council participated in the aquatics, vegetation and archaeology biophysical field studies, and in a TERA-facilitated TLU study including a map review, community and Elder interviews, and an overflight focusing on that portion of the asserted traditional territory of Christina River Dene Nation Council crossed by the Project. The results of Christina River Dene Nation Council participation in the biophysical field studies and in their TLU study are provided in this report.

1.4.2 Heart Lake First Nation NGTL provided Project information and participated in discussions with Heart Lake First Nation to identify a process for engagement including the community’s participation in the biophysical program and the development of a TLU study. Heart Lake First Nation conducted a helicopter overflight of the Project with TERA on August 15, 2012. Heart Lake First Nation is currently conducting an independent TLU study for the Project. The results of the Heart Lake First Nation TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

1.4.3 Fort McMurray #468 First Nation NGTL provided Project information and participated in discussions with Fort McMurray #468 First Nation to determine the community’s interest and involvement in the Project. Fort McMurray #468 First Nation recently conducted a helicopter overflight of the Project with TERA on February 28, 2013. In addition, Fort McMurray #468 First Nation has chosen to conduct an independent TLU study for the Project. The results of Fort McMurray #468 First Nation TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

1.4.4 Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation NGTL provided Project information and participated in discussions with Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation to identify a process for engagement including the community’s participation in the biophysical program and the development of a TLU study. NGTL continues to engage Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation to support their participation in Project activities and a TLU study with a goal of identifying potential effects of the Project as well as developing mutually satisfactory solutions and benefits.

1.4.5 Beaver Lake Cree First Nation NGTL has shared Project information and invited Beaver Lake Cree Nation to participate in the biophysical program and in the development of a TLU study. NGTL has been unable to actively engage Beaver Lake Cree Nation at this time. NGTL is committed to maintaining a positive working relationship and to support Beaver Lake Cree Nation participation in Project activities.

1.4.6 Kehewin Cree Nation NGTL contacted Kehewin Cree Nation to advise them of the Project. Kehewin Cree Nation expressed interest in the Project and is currently working with NGTL to develop a work plan to conduct an independent TLU study for the Project. The results of the Kehewin Cree Nation TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472

1.4.7 Willow Lake Métis Local #780 NGTL contacted Willow Lake Métis Local #780 to advise them of the Project. Willow Lake Métis Local #780 expressed interest in the Project and is working with NGTL and Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 to develop a work plan to conduct a TLU study for the Project. The results of the Willow Lake Métis Local #780 TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

1.4.8 Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 NGTL provided Project information and participated in discussions with Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 to determine the community’s interest and involvement in the Project. Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 has chosen to conduct an independent TLU study for the Project. NGTL and Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 have completed a Project Joint Action Plan, including a planned TLU study. The results of the Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

1.4.9 Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 NGTL contacted Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 to advise them of the Project. Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 expressed initial interest in the Project on March 8, 2013 and is working with NGTL to develop a work plan to conduct a TLU study for the Project. The results of the Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

1.4.10 Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 reviewed the Project information and participated in discussions with NGTL to determine which Métis communities should be involved in Project activities. Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 determined that Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 is the primary Métis community potentially affected by the Project.

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RGE.9 RGE.8 RGE.7 RGE.6 RGE.5 RGE.4 RGE.3 TWP.80 W4M Pingle Cowper Lake RGE.2 W4M Bo h n I.R. 194a Janvier La k e I.R. 194 P W on Co w p e r a y La k e ¯ dd e C l l r C e r e e e k k TWP.79

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TWP.77

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Devenish

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ALBERTA SASKATCHEWAN

Ni s be t Fort La k e W ia u R i vMcMurray e r Clearwater River TWP.73 Un d e r w o o d Map Area La k e

Lac La Biche Behan Behan Meadow DND COLD LAKE AIR Cold Lake WEAPONS RANGE TWP.72 Lake Ipiatik River I.D. NO. 349

Red North ve r Ri Deer Battleford d S a n TWP.71

FIGURE 1.1 Populated Area ST881 Highway Waterbody

!. Kilometre Post (KP) Road Military REGIONAL LOCATION

Proposed Pipeline Loop Railway Indian Reserve TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED NOVA GAS TRANSMISSION LTD. Proposed Jackfish Meter Station Tie-In Watercourse Municipal Boundary SUNDAY CREEK SOUTH LATERAL LOOP NO.3 PIPELINE PROJECT

UTM Zone 12N Populated Area: Natural Resources Canada 2003; SCALE: 1:400,000 KP, Proposed Pipeline Loop, Proposed Jackfish Meter Station: Universal Surveys Group 2013; April 2013 8472 Highway, Road: IHS Inc. 2013; Railway: Natural Resources Canada 2012; Hydrography: IHS Inc. 2004; km Military: IHS Inc. 2011; Indian Reserve: Government of Canada 2013; Municipal Boundary: AltaLIS 2012; Hillshade: TERA Environmental Consultants 2008. 5 0 5 Although there is no reason to believe that there are any errors associated with the data used to generate this product (All Locations Approximate) Mapped By: DR Checked By: AM or in the product itself, users of these data are advised that errors in the data may be present. t8472_TLU_Figure1_Regional_Location_Rev0.mxd NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Traditional Knowledge Report Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project April 2013/8472

2.0 TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE The following subsections describe the objectives, methods and results of Aboriginal participation during the biophysical field studies for the Project.

2.1 Objectives The aim of Aboriginal participation during biophysical studies is to capture TEK that has been collected and passed down over generations. This aim is achieved by meeting the following objectives:

• provide a mechanism to document the TEK of Aboriginal communities;

• incorporate TEK information to augment the design and execution of the biophysical field surveys; and

• collect TEK to inform baseline conditions, identify potential Project-related effects on the environment, identify mitigation opportunities and contribute to final Project design.

2.2 Study Area Boundaries The TEK collected during the biophysical field studies for the Project is used to assist in the identification and evaluation of the potential Project-related effects to vegetation, wetlands, wildlife and wildlife habitat, fish and fish habitat, water quality and quantity, and heritage resources and, therefore, does not have an independent study area boundary. Detailed discussions regarding study area boundaries and associated rationale are provided in Sections 6.2.7, 6.2.8, 6.2.9, 6.2.10, 6.2.13 and 6.2.15 of the ESA for the Project (TERA 2013).

2.3 Methods NGTL invited all potentially affected Aboriginal communities to contribute TEK during the biophysical field studies for the Project. In 2012, TEK was gathered and recorded with community members of Christina River Dene Nation Council during the biophysical field studies for the Project (Table 2.3-1). Kehewin Cree Nation and Fort McMurray #468 First Nation had agreed to participate in the aquatics study conducted from January 29 to February 1, 2013, however, severe weather conditions at the time of the study kept the intended participants at home. A detailed summary of NGTL’s engagement activities with each potentially affected Aboriginal community is provided in Attachment 09 – Aboriginal Engagement Summary of the Application.

TABLE 2.3-1

BIOPHYSICAL FIELD STUDY PARTICIPATION

NGTL notified Aboriginal communities and organisations of the Project in fall 2012; however, initial contact was made with communities during the early planning phases of the Project in summer 2012. Wetlands and wildlife field work was also initiated during the summer season. Due to timing constraints, TEK was not collected during those assessments; instead, information on wildlife and wetlands TEK was collected during the aquatics, vegetation and archaeology studies.

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During the biophysical field studies listed in Table 2.3-1, participants contributed to the identification of potential impacts of the Project on environmental resources and participated in the discussion of potential mitigation measures to reduce any Project-related impacts on environmental resources.

All Aboriginal communities potentially affected by the Project will be invited to participate in the 2013 supplemental wildlife and vegetation surveys to allow for the collection of TEK.

2.3.1 Community Engagement The methods used to determine how participants were to be involved in each field work program were the same for all participating Aboriginal communities. Each program was discussed with the individual community, usually with staff from the community Lands Department. This discussion included details regarding the type of work to be conducted as well as the timing and locations. Based on the described field work to be conducted, the Aboriginal communities chose which of their members would participate in each program.

2.3.2 Field Reconnaissance TERA TEK facilitators accompanied participants during the field surveys to identify potential impacts of the Project on environmental resources, explain potential construction techniques, describe Project specifications, collect and combine TEK and ensure that proprietary information was kept in confidence.

During the biophysical field studies, traditional methods of resource procurement were discussed, as well as modern methods currently employed. Seasonality of resource harvesting was also important information shared by the Aboriginal participants. Geographical locations were identified, as were areas that are not used and the reasons why. Potential mitigation measures to reduce any Project-related impacts on a resource were also discussed during the biophysical field studies.

Open discussions occurred regularly between participants and biophysical team leads regarding the resources present and available to Aboriginal communities. These discussions were important in helping to build relationships among the field crews. Aboriginal participants spoke about aspects of the environment that were important to them and the importance of the resource from a western science perspective was also discussed. Study methods for each environmental field program are described in Appendices 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the ESA for the Project.

2.3.3 Reporting Review of collected TEK and discussions of potential Project-related effects and mitigation strategies described in the ESA for the Project were conducted directly with the participating community representatives during the biophysical field studies. This information was used to create this public summary report to be filed with the NEB.

Confidential and proprietary information was also reviewed during follow-up meetings with participating communities to confirm accuracy and to seek approval for the inclusion and consideration of any confidential and proprietary information in Project planning, where warranted. TERA held results review meetings with Christina River Dene Nation Council on November 21, 2012 and on February 11, 2013.

Section 2.4 below provides the regional and local TEK shared by participating Aboriginal communities with an interest in the Project. To date, this information includes TEK that was gathered with Christina River Dene Nation Council during the field studies for the Project listed in Appendices 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the ESA.

2.4 Results TEK compiled during the aquatics, vegetation, and archaeology studies for the Project are discussed in the following subsections. Potential effects to environmental resources associated with the Project were identified by the participating Aboriginal communities and the field study team.

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2.4.1 Aquatics Participants reported that Arctic grayling, jackfish (i.e., northern pike) and walleye are of traditional economic value for food and cultural well-being. These species are currently fished mostly in the larger lakes and creeks such as Winefred and Cowper lakes, and the Christina and Winefred rivers. However, the smaller Sunday Creek and unnamed tributary to Sunday Creek (locally referred to as Monday Creek) are also fished. Traditional methods such as poles, nets and fish snares are still used today. The unnamed tributary to Sunday Creek and Sunday Creek are crossed by the proposed pipeline at KP 11.1 and at KP 12.2 (Plate 1), respectively. There were no fishing locales identified at any of the proposed watercourse crossing locations during the study.

Plate 1 View east from proposed pipeline of participant fish sampling using angling method at Sunday Creek at KP 12.2.

Arctic grayling, northern pike and walleye were not captured at any of the watercourses assessed during the study and participants indicated that movement along the watercourses may have been blocked downstream due to beaver dams and development. It was noted that better fish spawning areas might occur upstream of the beaver dam located 200 m east of KP 12.2 since the water is warmer, there are weeds and more suitable habitat.

During the 2013 aquatics field study, a participant shared a story his Elders had told him about respecting nature:

“…up in the northern lakes there lives a giant seafrog as big as a room. Natives would never fish that lake and would know where the seafrog was when the water started to bubble. Two catholic priests did not believe in the stories and went to the lake to look for the seafrog themselves. They took a canoe and started to paddle to the middle of the lake. Natives gathered on the shore and tried to warn them to get off and then the water started to bubble. A giant whirlpool formed and the canoe was swallowed up. The priests were never seen again. The natives decided they needed to trap and kill the seafrog so the women prepared a giant flourball and dropped it into the lake. The seafrog swallowed it up. The flour began to cook and expand in the creature’s stomach and it came ashore and began to die. The natives started to drag the creature out and away from the lake.

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The creature would give the occasional last effort and kick and many men would be hurt. Finally the natives killed the giant seafrog and cut open its belly. In it they found two crosses that had been worn by the catholic priests.”

Concerns were raised by participants about the water quality in the creeks and lakes in the region and participants believe that water quality has declined over the years because of airborne pollutants and ground pollution entering water systems. In some instances such as at the unnamed tributary to Christina Lake crossed at KP 1.8, poor water quality was observed to be a natural consequence of beaver activity making water unusable for human consumption (Plate 2). In general, it is believed that industrial development has led to reduced water quality within the region. Participants identified concerns related to poor water quality affecting overall health of animals, fish and people who use the water in the region were also discussed. Participants requested that water sources and discharge associated with the Project be tested regularly for quality and quantity. Participants were informed that prior to discharge of hydrostatic test water, testing and treatment measures will be implemented during the construction phase in accordance with provincial codes of practice. Proposed installation by isolated open cut pipeline crossing methods if water is present and dry open cut pipeline crossing methods if dry or frozen to the bottom during construction

Participants reported that the watercourses crossed by the proposed pipeline were not navigable since they were too shallow and there is a high concentration of beaver dams and other blockages along these waterways.

Concerns related to aquatic resources were addressed by the proposed NGTL mitigation measures discussed. These were agreed upon by participants during the field survey. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to aquatic resources additional to those described in the Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) to be implemented for the Project.

Plate 2 Aerial view of the unnamed tributary to Christina Lake with beaver dam at KP 6.2.

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2.4.2 Vegetation The knowledge of locations and uses of medicinal plants held by the participants is proprietary to the community. Medicinal plants used to alleviate coughs were identified during the field study. Participants reported that edible berries are collected by community members in the region; however, participants also explained that the proposed pipeline crosses lands that are not currently used for traditional plant gathering or harvesting by community members. Within the region, berry species and the roots, bark and sap of various plants and trees provide food sources for wildlife. Wild mint was identified on the west side of the unnamed tributary to Sunday Creek, approximately 50 m north of KP 11.1.

Northern slender ladies’-tresses, a rare orchid, was observed at KP 3.0, KP 3.1, KP 3.6, and from KP 3.9 to KP 4.0 (see Section 4.2.4 of this report). General mitigation strategies, such as scheduling construction outside of growing season, avoidance of the plant locations and reducing disturbance to the area were discussed in the field and accepted by participants. No site-specific mitigation was requested.

Participants were concerned that the late-successional forest from KP 11.0 to KP 11.1 would be impacted during Project construction (see Appendix 5 of the ESA). This occurrence is located along slopes of the unnamed tributary to Sunday Creek, crossed by the proposed pipeline at KP 11.1. General mitigation strategies, including reducing temporary workspace where feasible and reducing the extent of grubbing within the construction right-of-way to the extent possible, were discussed in the field and accepted by participants.

Concerns related to vegetation were addressed by the proposed NGTL mitigation measures discussed. These were agreed-upon by participants during the field survey. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to vegetation additional to those described in the EPP to be implemented for the Project.

Plate 3 Wild mint identified during study.

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2.4.3 Wildlife Wildlife TEK was collected with members of the Christina River Dene Nation Council during the aquatics, vegetation and archaeology field studies for the Project from August 17 to 20, 2012, August 20 to 25, 2012 and November 10 to 12, 2012, respectively.

Participants reported that hunting and trapping occur throughout the region and have for some time. However, along the proposed pipeline, access restrictions and increased development has led to little hunting and trapping. Instead, participants reported that they tend to trap in the area east of the Project, between Christina and Winefred lakes, and near Janvier, Alberta as well as hunt west of Conklin across Highway 881. Traps are set in winter and early spring near Christina Lake for beaver, weasel, marten, lynx and rabbit. In the Janvier area, traps are set in winter or early spring for rabbits, beaver, lynx and marten. In fall and winter, hunting for moose occurs near Conklin. Traditional hunting and trapping methods are used. The Project is located approximately 5 km south of Christina Lake and 13.1 km southeast of Conklin, Alberta. Janvier is located approximately 40 km north of the Project.

Several beaver dams and runs were identified along watercourses crossed by the proposed pipeline during the field surveys. Specifically, beaver dams were reported by participants at approximately KP 1.8, 30 m north of KP 6.2, 50 m north of KP 11.1 and 200 m east of KP 12.2 downstream of this proposed watercourse crossing. A high level of beaver activity was noted in the vicinity of KP 11.0. Participants identified several small inactive dams and one large dam with a beaver lodge approximately 20 m south of the proposed crossing location at KP 1.8. Participants advised that it is probable that beavers have been active at the dam and lodge at KP 1.8 for several years given its size (i.e., the dam is approximately 40 m to 50 m long, and the lodge is approximately 6 m x 6 m). Beavers used aspen, alder and birch in the area for food and willows for dam construction. Additional observations include the following:

• a beaver dam and two beaver lodges located approximately 120 m and 70 m, respectively, upstream of the watercourse crossing at KP 6.2 (WC 2);

• a beaver lodge and dam located approximately 230 m and 280 m respectively, east of KP 12.2 and downstream of the proposed watercourse crossing at KP 11.1 (WC 3);

• a breached beaver dam and intact beaver dam located approximately 160 m and 175 m downstream of the watercourse crossing at KP 11.1 (WC 3), respectively, were recorded during the August 2012 aquatics field work; and

• a beaver dam located approximately 50 m north of the watercourse crossing at KP 11.1 (WC 3).

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Plate 4 View south from the proposed pipeline of participant standing near large active beaver dam and pond at survey area 20 m south of KP 1.8.

Moose browse and tracks were identified at KP 12.2 and KP 6.5. Participants pointed out the browse marks on the willows in the area. Ample food such as willow and the presence of deeper water at the proposed watercourse crossing at KP 6.2 (WC 2) suggests that this was excellent moose habitat. Participants reported that moose would use the deeper waters to escape horse flies during the summer by submerging themselves in the water. Stories were shared about caribou moving through the region as recently as two years ago, but they have since had to go around existing facilities in the area. There has also been a decrease in moose activity in the region. Participants believe that there are fewer moose in the region due to increased traffic and noise associated with the existing facilities in the area. Participants noted that some of the moose are sick and may have cancer, linking these occurrences to pollution in the region.

Suitable habitat for bear, rabbit and lynx was identified 100 m southeast of KP 4.1 and along the high ground at KP 12.2. Participants reported rabbit trails near KP 4.1 and indicated that it was excellent habitat for rabbit and lynx because it was open and dry. Bear, rabbit and deer trails were identified at KP 12.2. Deer tracks were reported at KP 12.2 and were identified as either white-tail or mule deer tracks. Participants reported that deer were not commonly hunted because the quality of the meat is not as good as the moose meat. Coyote tracks were observed on the north bank heading down to the watercourse crossing at KP 12.2 (WC 4). A muskrat hole surrounded by grass was identified by participants at KP 12.2. Further investigation indicated that the hole was inactive. Participants reported that the land surrounding the proposed pipeline had an abundant food supply, that it was close to water and there were also good possibilities for shelter.

Concerns about line-of-sight and predators along the proposed pipeline were raised by participants during the field studies. Measures to control access (e.g., rollback) and construction techniques that restrict grubbing were discussed in the field. Other concerns raised included wildlife displacement and habitat disruption due to Project construction, illness among animals, displacement of caribou movement routes and the impacts of watercourse crossing installations on beaver dams and habitat. Measures discussed in the field and accepted by participants included: routing of the proposed pipeline to parallel existing linear disturbances (i.e., existing pipelines and roads) where practical; discouraging recreational use of the pipeline right-of-way; and leaving gaps at obvious drainages and wildlife trails.

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Concerns related to wildlife resources were addressed by the proposed NGTL mitigation measures discussed. These were agreed upon by participants during the field surveys. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to wildlife resources additional to those described in the EPP to be implemented for the Project.

2.4.4 Archaeology In addition to participating in the Historical Resources Impact Assessment, completed from November 10 to 12, 2012, participants shared stories describing traditional and current ways of life, often relating to the use of vegetation, wildlife, and fish and fish habitat. The information gathered, with respect to each of these resources, is included within the results of this Traditional Knowledge Report (see Sections 2.4.1, 2.4.2 and 2.4.3 of this report).

2.4.5 Summary Participants were satisfied with the mitigation measures committed to by NGTL in the ESA for the Project to avoid or reduce potential Project-related effects on environmental resources. Further information regarding biophysical characteristics and recommended mitigation measures for the Project is provided in the reports listed in Appendices 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the ESA.

Aboriginal communities potentially impacted by the Project will be invited to participate in the 2013 supplemental biophysical field studies. The results of Aboriginal participation during these 2013 studies will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

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3.0 TRADITIONAL LAND USE The following section describes the objectives, methods and results of the TLU studies completed to date for the Project.

3.1 Objectives The aim of a TLU study is to assess and mitigate effects of the Project on current use of Crown land for traditional activities and on identified TLU sites. This is achieved by meeting the following objectives:

• identify existing concerns with and potential effects of the proposed pipeline on current use of land by determining the extent and general nature of each community's current use of land for traditional activities relative to the proposed pipeline;

• provide a mechanism for collecting traditional knowledge and information, such as the nature and location of trails, habitation sites, medicinal and food source plants, hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering places, and sacred areas, while maintaining the confidentiality of each community's proprietary information;

• provide Aboriginal use and traditional knowledge information, where appropriate, to be used in the effects assessment of current uses of the land for traditional purposes potentially affected by the proposed pipeline; and

• establish appropriate site-specific mitigation measures to address concerns raised relative to the proposed pipeline regarding current uses of the land for traditional purposes.

3.2 Study Area Boundaries The proposed pipeline was considered in relation to a Footprint, Local Study Area (LSA) and RSA (Figure 3.1 and Table 3.2-1).

TABLE 3.2-1

SPATIAL BOUNDARIES OF TRADITIONAL LAND USE RESOURCE COMPONENTS

Resource Component Local Study Area Regional Study Area ESA Reference Vegetation 300 m band 5 km band Section 6.2.9 Wetlands 300 m band 15 km band plus Section 6.2.8 Winefred and Christina Lakes Fish and Fish Habitat 1 km band 30 km band Section 6.2.7 Wildlife and Wildlife 2 km band 30 km band Section 6.2.7 Habitat Heritage Resources Project Footprint Borden Blocks GjOr Section 6.2.13 and GjOg

• Footprint is the land area directly disturbed by the Project construction and clean-up activities, including associated physical works and activities (e.g., permanent right-of-way and temporary workspace).

• LSA encompasses and extends beyond the Footprint to include the LSA boundaries of water quality and quantity, fish and fish habitat, wetlands, vegetation, wildlife and wildlife habitat and heritage resources since TLU is dependent on these resources (see Table 3.2-1). Accordingly, the LSA is defined as a 2 km wide band centred on the proposed pipeline centre line (i.e., 1 km on both sides of the centre line) and is the area where there is a reasonable potential for localised Project-related effects to affect existing traditional land and resource uses (e.g., trapping, hunting, fishing and

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gathering areas). The potential impacts of the Project’s Traditional Land and Resource Use (TLRU) are primarily assessed within the Footprint and the LSA. Since in some cases, the focus of TLRU may be on land within a few hundred metres of the Footprint, and in other cases broader territorial uses are identified extending several kilometres from the Footprint, the potential impacts to TLRU are also assessed within the RSA of the Project.

• RSA is the area where the direct and indirect influences of other land uses and activities could overlap with Project-related effects and cause cumulative effects on the TLRU indicators. The RSA is defined as a 30 km wide band centred on the proposed pipeline centre line (i.e., 15 km on both sides of the centre line) and includes the RSA boundaries of water quality and quantity, fish and fish habitat, wetlands, vegetation, wildlife and wildlife habitat and heritage resources (see Table 3.2-1).

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3.3 Review of Existing Data Sources and Literature Preliminary background data from several other baseline TLU studies conducted in the TLU RSA for the Project (Figure 3.1) provide useful information on the biophysical and social environment potentially encountered within the Project Footprint.

Information regarding TLU was also sought from potentially affected Aboriginal communities and a detailed summary of NGTL’s engagement activities with each potentially affected Aboriginal community is provided in Section 11 of the Application.

3.4 Traditional Land Use Study Methods Following Project initiation, interested communities were invited to participate in a TLU study for the Project (see (Table 3.4-1 and Section 3.7). NGTL provides funding to assist Aboriginal communities with community-directed TLU studies. Conklin Métis Nation Local #193, Fort McMurray #468 First Nation, Heart Lake First Nation, Kehewin Cree Nation, Willow Lake Métis Local #780 and Fort McMurray Métis Local #1395 chose to conduct community-directed (i.e., third-party) TLU studies for the Project. At this time, only Christina River Dene Nation Council has completed a TLU study for the Project. Further information related to the status of each community’s TLU study is provided in Section 3.7 of this Report. NGTL continues to engage potentially affected Aboriginal communities and will continue to facilitate TLU studies with interested communities. The results from any upcoming TLU studies will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

TABLE 3.4-1

TIMETABLE OF TRADITIONAL LAND USE STUDIES FOR EACH PARTICIPATING COMMUNITY

Aboriginal NGTL Project Field Results Review/ Community Introduction Meeting Map Review Interviews Reconnaissance Mitigation Meetings Christina River Dene August 1, 2012 September 4, 2012 September 4 to 5, 2012 September 4, 2012 November 21, 2012 Nation Council Heart Lake First July 24, 2012 Third-party TLU study (underway). August 15, 2012 To be determined. Nation Fort McMurray #468 September 5, 2012 Third-party TLU study (underway). February 28, 2013 To be determined. First Nation Chipewyan Prairie August 29, 2012 Participation on a TLU study to be determined by Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation. Dene First Nation Beaver Lake Cree February 26, 2013 Participation on a TLU study to be determined by Beaver Lake Cree Nation. Nation Kehewin Cree Nation January 8, 2013 Third-party TLU study (work plan under development). Conklin Métis Nation August 22, 2012 Third-party TLU study (work plan under development). Local #193 Willow Lake Métis February 7, 2013 Participation on a TLU study to be determined by Willow Lake Métis Local #780. Local #780 Fort McMurray Métis March 8, 2013 Participation on a TLU study to be determined by Fort McMurray Métis Local #1395. Local #1395

TERA made contact with Christina River Dene Nation Council to share relevant contact information, discuss proposed TLU study methods and schedule subsequent meetings (Table 3.3-1). The TERA-facilitated TLU study with Christina River Dene Nation Council was conducted in a phased approach consisting of map reviews, community interviews, field reconnaissance and follow-up reporting. Translators were made available at the request of the community. The methodology for a TERA-facilitated TLU study is described in further detail in the following subsections. At this time, only Christina River Dene Nation Council participated in a TERA-facilitated TLU study.

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3.4.1 Map Reviews/Interviews Maps were provided to orient community representatives to the location of the Project. At the discretion of the individual communities, an evaluation of the Project was conducted by field reconnaissance. The goal of the map review was to document information or concerns that the Aboriginal communities may have regarding the Project and identify potential Project effects on resources and on current use of land for traditional activities. In particular, the discussions clarified the areas to target during the field reconnaissance or areas that required additional mapping. The map review also provided an opportunity to schedule field work.

3.4.2 Field Reconnaissance Field TLU study teams were established with representatives selected by the participating Aboriginal community to conduct field reconnaissance of areas identified to be of interest, concern or importance during the community interviews. During the field reconnaissance, there was an open dialogue between community members and TERA TLU community liaisons. Field work is normally conducted with one community at a time, unless communities request to conduct a joint field reconnaissance.

Upon observing a TLU site, it was described in writing, its location recorded on a sketch map and by using a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS), and digital photographs were taken, if culturally appropriate. The proximity of the TLU site to the Project Footprint was documented and the importance of each site discussed at its location in the field, taking into account its setting within the context of local knowledge, history, construction limitations, potential impacts and recommended mitigation strategies.

The goal of the field reconnaissance was to locate and record traditional use sites that may potentially be affected by the Project. All identified TLU sites in the Project Footprint were recorded and proposed mitigation strategies were recorded and discussed at the site.

3.4.3 Reporting Identification of TLU sites and discussions of potential mitigation strategies described in Section 3.5 of this Traditional Knowledge Report were conducted directly with the participating community representatives during the field reconnaissance. This information was used to create two reports, a detailed community-specific report for those communities that have conducted a TERA-facilitated TLU study and this public summary report to be filed with the NEB. The detailed community reports document each community's TLU involvement and the results of the field reconnaissance, including the confidential and proprietary information provided by the TLU study participants. Confidential and proprietary information provided during the TLU study are also reviewed during results review meetings for those communities that elected to conduct TERA-facilitated TLU studies. For those communities that elected to conduct third-party TLU studies, mitigation meetings are held to review the results of a community’s TLU study (see Section 3.4). This allows confirmation of the accuracy of the information incorporated and approval of the inclusion of the confidential and proprietary information.

3.5 Traditional Land Use Site Types and Mitigation Each participating Aboriginal community was asked to identify potential TLU sites along Crown lands potentially disturbed by pipeline construction, including associated physical works and activities (e.g., pipeline right-of-way, temporary construction workspaces) including trails, habitation sites, plant harvesting locations, hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering places, and sacred areas. Mitigation strategies were discussed at the TLU site location.

In TERA's experience, the types of accepted mitigation listed in the following subsections have been successful in mitigating effects on TLU sites.

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Trails and Travelways Travelways are essential for conducting traditional activities and effects on actively-used trails should be reduced and mitigated. Trails include well-defined all-terrain vehicle and snowmobile corridors, navigable waterways, river portages and historic foot, dog sled and pack horse pathways.

Successful and proven mitigative measures available to trails transecting the pipeline right-of-way include:

• detailed recording and mapping to within 100 m on both sides of the pipeline right-of-way; in partnership with community representatives, a decision is then made about the relative importance of the trail and, if warranted, how best to maintain and control access; and

• other mitigation options include signage or scheduling construction during periods of least impact.

Habitation Sites Habitation sites are located in prime, resource-rich areas and include traditional campsites, cabins and settlements. Campsites typically have defined hearths (fire rings), de-limbed trees, tent frames and/or miscellaneous cached or discarded camping supplies and equipment. Cabin structures represent a more permanent occupation of the land and include central log or timber-framed structures, traditional activity areas such as drying racks and smoking tents, and ancillary equipment storage areas. A group of cabins or campsites may signify a long-term or intermittent occupation. A settlement may have been used seasonally or throughout the year, depending on location or necessity. The relative size and nature of habitation sites continuously evolve based on how families and communities grow and often expand from campsites to cabins and possibly to settlements.

Successful and proven mitigative measures for habitation sites include:

• detailed mapping, photographic recording and avoidance of the location by the proposed development; or

• should avoidance of a site not be feasible, mitigative measures consisting of detailed recording and controlled excavations may be implemented.

Plant Harvesting Many Aboriginal individuals harvest medicinal, ceremonial and food source plants. Plants are gathered in a variety of environments, which include old growth forests, along watercourses and in rugged or mountainous areas. Detailed information regarding medicinal plants is passed down from the Elders and is considered proprietary by the communities.

Effective mitigative measures are dependent on the context and relative location of a harvesting area to the proposed development, but may include:

• limiting the use of chemical applications;

• replacement of plant species during reclamation; and

• avoidance of the site.

Hunting Hunting and wildlife sites are areas where large mammals such as elk, moose, deer, caribou and bear are commonly harvested. They are identified both in community discussion and by observed game ambushes, blinds and hunting stands, dry meat racks and butchered animal remains. Furthermore, locales where game can be expected, such as mineral licks, calving areas and well-used game trails, are typically prized hunting areas.

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Successful and accepted mitigation for hunting sites may include:

• adhering to species-specific timing constraints;

• leaving breaks in the pipeline trench to allow animals to cross; and

• limiting the use of chemical applications.

Fishing Changes to local fishing spots, as well as the broader water system, can impact Aboriginal harvesting. Fishing sites relate to the use of specific reaches of lakes and streams and, generally, this information is gathered by having community representatives identify fishing locales and specify the nature of their use and success rates.

Standard and effective mitigative measures for fishing areas may include:

• recording and mapping of fishing locales; and

• strict adherence to the regulations, standards and guidelines set by provincial and federal regulatory agencies for watercourse crossings.

Trapping Trapping and snaring of animals for food and pelts are activities that continue to be engaged in by Aboriginal individuals. These traps and snares may or may not be located within registered trap lines.

To avoid accidental damage where the pipeline transects a trap line, mitigative measures may include:

• maintaining access to the trap line; and

• moving of trap line equipment by the trapper prior to construction.

Gathering Places Aboriginal people often met in gathering places to share in ceremonial activities, exchange items of trade, arrange and celebrate marriages, and for other activities. Additionally, indigenous grave sites are sometimes recorded in the general area of large gathering places. Such gathering places have historical, ceremonial, cultural and economic significance to Aboriginal communities.

Potential effects on gathering places may be mitigated through detailed recording, mapping and avoidance; however, the visual impact will be assessed in the field and mitigative measures will be refined and optimised, if warranted.

Sacred Areas One of the primary concerns of Aboriginal communities with regard to any proposed development project is to ensure that sites sacred to the local communities are protected from adverse effects. These areas include burials, vision quest locations, rock art panels, birth locations and ceremonial places, among others. A particular element is often only a small component of a larger spiritual complex, which can encompass topographic features and may, by its very nature in the context of Aboriginal spirituality, be inestimable and irreplaceable.

Mitigative measures for sacred areas may include detailed recording, mapping and avoidance; however, additional mitigative measures, if warranted, will be refined and optimised in the field and through community discussions.

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3.6 Traditional Land Use Sites Discovered During Construction While TLU studies will have likely identified and addressed specific interests, in the event that an additional TLU site is discovered during construction of the pipeline, the following measures will be implemented (TLU Sites Discovery Contingency Plan in Appendix 1E of the EPP).

• Suspend work immediately in the vicinity of any newly discovered sacred sites. Work at that location may not resume until the measures below are implemented.

• Notify the Environmental Inspector, who will notify the NGTL Construction Manager and the NGTL Heritage Resource Specialist.

• The NGTL Heritage Resource Specialist will assess the site and develop an appropriate mitigation plan using the information listed above.

• Any potentially impacted Aboriginal community will be informed of the discovery and the mitigation to be implemented.

3.7 Results The following subsections provide the results to date of TLU studies and the results of literature / desktop review for all participating Aboriginal communities with an interest in the Project.

3.7.1 Christina River Dene Nation Council Christina River Dene Nation Council is located near the hamlet of Janvier South (i.e., Janvier or Chard) which is located approximately 97 km southeast of Fort McMurray approximately 32 km northwest of the Project. The asserted traditional territory of Christina River Dene Nation Council encompasses a large area, extending from the Richardson Backcountry in the north to the North Saskatchewan River in the south and from Wabasca in the west to Peter Pond Lake in the east (Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation 2007). Traditionally, people from this group traveled in a cyclical pattern in order to follow the seasonal movement of wildlife and the availability of plants for food, medicine and materials. The region around Christina Lake is known to the Christina River Dene Nation Council for hunting a variety of animals, including moose, whitetail deer, bison, beaver, grouse and duck (Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation 2009). Trapping and fishing are also important traditional practices to the Christina River Dene Nation Council as they continue to trap rabbit, squirrel, fox and fisher as well as fish for whitefish, jackfish, Arctic grayling and lake trout (Canadian Natural Resources Limited [CNRL] 2007, Rio Alto Exploration Ltd. 2002). Plant gathering has been identified as an important activity to the Chipewyan people as edible and medicinal plants are continually harvested within Christina River Dene Nation Council asserted traditional territory (CNRL 2007, Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation 2009). A TERA-assisted TLU study, including a map review, community and Elder interviews, and overflights with two crews of community participants was conducted with Christina River Dene Nation Council, focusing on that portion of the asserted traditional territory of Christina River Dene Nation Council crossed by the Project. The map review meeting was held with Christina River Dene Nation Council on September 4, 2012 at the Christina River Dene Nation Council Municipal Office in Janvier, Alberta. During this meeting, members of the Christina River Dene Nation Council examined the regional Project maps with TERA TLU facilitators to determine what areas would be surveyed during the overflight (Figures 3.2 and 3.3). The map review, interviews and helicopter overflights did not reveal any TLU sites requiring mitigation, as requested by Christina River Dene Nation Council community members, within the Project Footprint. The draft community TLU study report prepared by TERA was reviewed and approved by Christina River Dene Nation Council on January 9, 2013. Final copies of the report were sent to the community on February 11, 2013. In the event that TLU sites requiring mitigation are identified during construction, the accepted and proven mitigative strategies outlined in this TLU Study Report and in the TLU Sites Discovery Contingency Plan will be implemented.

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3.7.1.1 Issues and Concerns Christina River Dene Nation Council identified broad concerns related to the Project during the community interviews, Elder interviews and aerial survey. In particular they expressed concern about watercourse crossings, pipeline breaks and ruptures, the cumulative impact of development in the region and perceived racism in the oil and gas industry.

Several Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders expressed concerns about watercourse crossings being constructed safely and about the possibility of pipeline breaks and ruptures. In particular Elders were concerned that pipeline breaks could have a negative impact on animals in close proximity to the pipeline and felt that this was not a risk they were willing to assume without compensation. TERA TLU community liaisons explained that proponents take measures to ensure the strength of the pipeline and, since this is a natural gas pipeline, any gas released will dissipate into the air. Elders responded that it is still a concern and that compensation should be provided in the case of pipeline break or rupture.

Christina River Dene First Nation Elders expressed concern about the cumulative effects on wildlife, water and vegetation of past and ongoing development in the region, specifically near Janvier. Elders reported that both animals and plants are much less abundant now than when they were younger, and believe that pollution is negatively affecting the water, animals and plants. Also, noise is scaring animals away. Living things are becoming unhealthier or moving out of the area. Elders also felt that in general, industrial development is bringing down water levels and this is causing some plants to wither from dryness and some fish to die from warmer water and pollution. Elders reported seeing effects such as unhealthier plants and animals, lower water levels and strange algae and oil films on streams and lakes. Most said that they wanted to ensure what is left for future generations is healthy and useable. TERA TLU community liaisons reported these concerns, while also explaining that several of these concerns are beyond the scope of this Project.

A Christina River Dene Nation Council Elder reported that some of the income from oil and gas development in the region should be reinvested in the community. Specifically, she would like to see oil companies work together with communities to improve conditions in Janvier. In particular, she and other Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders mentioned they would like to see a Kindergarten to Grade 12 school in Janvier, a community centre, upgraded amenities and better roads and facilities.

3.7.1.2 Trails and Travelways Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders identified several trails during the TLU study, with the nearest trail located approximately 11 km southeast of the Project. Table 3.7-1 details the trails and travelways identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council for the Project. In the past there was a trail from the roadhead section located around Christina River that ran directly east to Winefred River, located 14 km north of the Project. Christina River Dene Nation Council members would use this trail throughout the year which led them to their cabins located along the central west shore of Winefred River. Elders explained that they would pack for 3-5 km and stay all summer since it was a large berry picking area. One Elder reported that this trail has been used since 1920 and is still active. Other Elders indicated that they do not use this trail anymore.

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TABLE 3.7-1

TRAILS AND TRAVELWAYS IDENTIFIED BY CHRISTINA RIVER DENE NATION COUNCIL

Requested Distance and Direction from Project Site Description Age Mitigation 36 km north-northeast Trails from Janvier area near Bohn and Cowper lakes Historic None 11 km southeast Trail near to Winefred Lake Current None 15 km north-northwest Christina River east to Winefred River Current None 11 km southeast Trail from Janvier area to Bohn and Winefred lakes Current None 36 km north-northeast Trail from Cold Lake to Cowper Lake Historic None 30 to 80 km north Waterways on Clearwater, Winefred, Christina and Jackfish rivers Current None

Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders identified other historic trails including one trail that extends from 4 km north of Janvier across from Cowper Lake to Railway Section 224. An Elder reported that her father would use the trail to access trap lines, using a dog team to transfer meat and materials to his trapper’s cabin. An old dog trail was identified in the Christina River Dene Nation Council area at Janvier to Bohn and Winefred Lakes. The trail runs for 49 km and an Elder remembers his family using the trail for hunting and trapping many years ago. He says that he no longer uses the trail and it has probably been cleared for development. Another Elder reported an old trail from Cold Lake to Cowper Lake. Her grandmother would walk this trail and migrated to Chipewan Prairie where there were once lots of cattle and horses.

Historically, Elders reported that community members travelled along the trails on horseback in summer and dogsled team in the winter. Trails were used for hunting, trapping and moving around the area. Today many of the historic travelways are roads and cutlines, and community members use cars, all-terrain vehicles and boats to get around.

Community members also identified several waterways that are used for travel in the area. Boats are used on Winefred, Christina, and Jackfish rivers. Traditionally, canoes were used on Winefred Lake and Winefred River, unless the water was too shallow. Today, motorised boats are more common on these waterbodies.

No trails and travelways were identified in the Project Footprint. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to trails and travelways to be implemented for the Project.

3.7.1.3 Habitation Sites Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders identified several habitation sites during the TLU study, with the nearest site located approximately 6-7 km north-northwest of the Project. Table 3.7-2 details habitation sites identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council for the Project. Several family cabins were reported on the north shore and northern tip of Winefred Lake. Elders reported that these cabins are still active and are primarily used for hunting, trapping and fishing in the winter months. Some are also used for healing. Christina River Dene Nation Council members typically visit the cabins for a few days at a time in the winter months and pursue traditional activities. Elders report that some of the cabins are not used as often as they once were. An Elder reported a family cabin on Cowper Lake that was active for decades and was used for hunting and trapping trips during the winter. She reported that she is not sure if it is still active since it has been given away. Another Elder reported a cabin on the west side of Kettle Lake owned by his father. In the past they would stay there for a week in the winter. It is not known whether the cabin is still actively used. Another Elder reported an active cabin along the Winefred River used for hunting and trapping trips. There used to be several cabins along this river but many are old and rotten now and would be difficult to find.

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TABLE 3.7-2

HABITATION SITES IDENTIFIED BY CHRISTINA RIVER DENE NATION COUNCIL

Distance and Direction from Project Site Description Age Requested Mitigation 36 km north-northeast Cabins near to Cowper Lake Historic None 11 km southeast Cabins on north shore of Winefred Lake Current None 45 km north-northwest Cabin on west side of Kettle Lake Historic None 80 km northeast Cabins near Christina Crossing Current None 20 km northeast Cabin along Winefred River Current None 80 km northeast Settlement at Christina Crossing 1900 to 1980s None 30 km northeast Settlement at Chare Historic None

Two larger settlement areas were identified by Elders. Elders reported that in the past people lived at Christina Crossing where the Christina River joins the Newbe River north of Janvier. There used to be a store there from the 1900s up until about 30 years ago. During this time it was a village with a trapper’s cabin and campsites. Today, Elders report that there are two active cabins at Christina Crossing. During the aerial overflight a crew member reported that there used to be a community called Chare approximately 23 km north of Christina Lake. In the past there were several cabins that housed railway workers. No cabins were observed during the flyover.

No habitation sites were identified in the Project Footprint. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to habitation sites to be implemented for the Project.

3.7.1.4 Plant Harvesting Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders identified several plant harvesting areas during the TLU study, with the nearest site located approximately 11 km southeast of the Project. Table 3.7-3 details plant harvesting areas identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council for the Project. Elders reported that berries have traditionally been harvested around Garson Lake and community members continue to pick blueberries, cranberries and raspberries in the early summer, and choke cherries in late September in this area. Several Elders stated that Bohn, Winefred and Kettle lakes, and Christina River were once popular spots for berry picking. In the past, saskatoon berries, moose berries, choke cherries (which are red and black), blueberries, blackberries, cranberries, chipmunk berries, raspberries and muskeg berries (which look like raspberries but are yellow and orange in color), were all picked. The previous train station west of the Northern Alberta railway tracks and 15 km northwest of the Project was also identified as a past berry picking locations. Blueberries, cranberries, raspberries and choke cherries were picked for consumption and sale. Berries were either eaten immediately, canned or made into jam for winter use, or canned and sold for income. Community members and Elders indicated that they now pick strawberries, blueberries, cranberries, muskeg berries, mooseberries and raspberries in the Alpac Road area found south of Janvier approximately 35 km north of the Project, as well as using traditional areas.

TABLE 3.7-3

PLANT HARVESTING IDENTIFIED BY CHRISTINA RIVER DENE NATION COUNCIL

Distance and Direction from Project Site Description Age Requested Mitigation 36 km north-northeast Plant harvesting near Bohn Lake Historic None 40 km northeast Berry picking and medicinal plant harvesting near Current None Cowper Lake 45 km north Plant harvesting near Kettle Lake Historic None 88 km northeast Berry picking and medicinal plant harvesting near Current None Garson Lake 10 km southeast Plant harvesting near Winefred Lake Current None 35 km north Berry picking at Alpac Road, south of Janvier Current None 85 km northeast Berry picking at Christina Crossing Historic None 6 km to 7 km north-northwest Medicinal plant harvesting near Christina Lake Historic None Unable to provide specific location Berry picking near Sunday Creek Current None

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One Elder reported that she gathers berries including muskeg berries, blueberries, cranberries, mooseberries, and raspberries, and medicinal plants near Sunday Creek; however, the specific locations for gathering could not be identified on the map. She said that there are not nearly as many berries as there were before and that any berries she gathers she cans, boils, freezes or uses for baking.

Elders reported harvesting medicinal plants around Cowper, Bohn and Garson lakes, and near Christina Crossing. In the past, medicinal plants were also harvested near Christina Lake. Medicinal plants would be harvested along trails such as the one that leads from the Christina River Dene Nation Council area at Janvier to Cold Lake and Saskatchewan. The following were reported to be gathered for medicinal purposes:

• spruce gum/bark - sores;

• tree blossom, black spruce, willow/poplar fungus - smudge;

• rat root - colds, aches and pains;

• white flower - heart;

• wild flower, red willow, acorns, raspberry root, birch sap/bark - colds and sores;

• mint - congestion issues;

• muskeg tea - bladder health;

• dandelions - painkiller;

• blueberry stems - diabetic;

• sweet grass - smudge;

• moose stomach, beaver castor - coughs and sore teeth; and

• bear parts, skunk juice, and poplar tea juice - various medicinal uses.

Elders reported a decline in the number of berries in the region in recent years. Community members told stories about a landform in Janvier named Blueberry Hill where there used to be an abundance of blueberries. A similar story told by an Elder indicated that in the past Janvier had so many berries that one would “see red everywhere.” Another Elder recalled picking 10 cases of berries to last them all winter and these would be stored in a cellar. In contrast, the last few years have been abnormally bad years for berries. Community members reported that in the past two summers there have been hardly any berries and that the plants are dying more quickly in the area. One Elder observed that the berry plants stay alive for one month and die the next. The summers have become drier and it is affecting the plants. Some community members feel that pollution and pesticides have killed most of the plants. An Elder stated that she used to pick berries all over the place but now berries are very limited. She explains that companies such as Alpac come in and clear out vegetation in these areas and block the access along Cowper Road. This has limited the community’s access to berry picking sites around the Christina River Dene Nation Council area.

Similarly, Elders reported that there have been fewer medicinal plants in their traditional harvesting spots. One Elder traditionally gathers rat root, but says it is now difficult to find. A story was told about checking a spot that normally has a bunch of rat root and this past year none could be found in the spot. Other Elders reported that they no longer gather medicinal plants as they consider that they are no longer healthy and do not taste the way they should.

No specific plant gathering locations were identified in the Project Footprint by Christina River Dene Nation Council. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to plant harvesting to be implemented for the Project.

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3.7.1.5 Hunting Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders indicated during the overflight that the Project Footprint is part of their traditional hunting grounds. During Elder interviews, Christina River Dene Nation Council identified several hunting sites, with the nearest site located approximately 2.5 km south of KP 1.8. Table 3.7-4 details hunting sites identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council for the Project. Elders reported that in the past the main hunting areas were near the railway since railway workers from the community would spend most of their life around the tracks. Elders also reported hunting between Winefred Lake and Hook Lake in Saskatchewan. Another traditional hunting area that was used between 1960 and 1970 was identified during the aerial overflight approximately 20 km west of Christina Lake. Many members of the community indicated that today their preferred hunting areas are around and between the larger lakes in the region including Winefred, Bohn, Cowper, Hook, Kirby, Goose and Garson lakes, near Swan Hills and Whitecourt, Christina River and north of Janvier, rather than within the Project Footprint. For birds, such as geese and ducks, Winefred Lake is a popular hunting area since birds land there to rest during migrations in the spring and fall, and the habitat is suitable for them.

Moose, deer, caribou and bear are most commonly hunted in the region. Other animals such as beaver, rabbit, groundhog, muskrat, fisher, weasel, squirrels, coyote, marten and lynx as well as birds, such as ducks and geese, are also hunted by some community members. All are hunted for consumption and the entire animal is used. Hides are often sold to other community members or Elders. Community members identified traditional methods of hunting on horseback and using trails. Today, people use roads and cutlines to get around, and quads, boats and cars to travel. Salt licks, which are popular hunting areas, were identified north of Janvier and approximately 2.5 km south of KP 1.8.

TABLE 3.7-4

HUNTING AREAS IDENTIFIED BY CHRISTINA RIVER DENE NATION COUNCIL

Requested Distance and Direction from Project Site Description Age Mitigation 36 km north-northeast Hunting near Bohn and Cowper Lakes Current None 47 km north-northeast Hunting near Hook Lake and Christina River Current None 12 km southeast Hunting near Winefred and Kirby Lakes Current None 83 km northeast Hunting near Garson Lake and Christina Current None Crossing 32 km to 35 km northwest Traditional hunting area 1960-1970 None 100 km southwest Swan Hills/Whitecourt Current None 40 km north Salt lick north of Janvier Current None 2.5 km south of KP 1.8 Salt lick Current None 12 km northeast Moose observed northern end of Winefred Lake Current None

During the aerial reconnaissance two moose were observed between Conklin and Christina lakes. During the map review Elders remembered times when caribou could be found everywhere. Elders identified that caribou are very special animals and used to live in the muskeg and spruce country south of Christina Lake on the Project Footprint, but now are seldom seen in that area. An Elder remembers an abundance of caribou during childhood, but says that they started to decline between 1955 and 1980 and fewer are seen today. Elders also reported in order not to overkill caribou, only one or two caribou per family per year should be killed.

Elders have observed that there has been a decline in animal populations in the region. There is uncertainty about the timing of this decline, but Elders believe that animals started to dwindle in numbers in the mid-1950s to the present day. Specifically, one Elder reports that some animals he used to hunt and eat as a child do not exist today, like elk. The elk used to exist in the region, but have not been seen for many years. Similarly, he remembers seeing flocks of geese by the thousands, and now one would be lucky to see 100 geese and he attributes this decline to water pollution from the oil industry. Another community member reported that bear populations were declining. Last summer she noted there were lots of bears, but they have been disappearing each year. She believes it may be due to the change in climate. She explains that there was hardly any rain this year and that berries, food for bears, have become scarce. Fewer tracks are observed in the region each year.

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Some community members have noticed a huge difference in the taste of duck over the last 10 years. No reasons for this were identified, but one community member remembers duck tasting rich and healthy when she was young.

No specific hunting locations were identified in the Project Footprint by Christina River Dene Nation Council. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to hunting to be implemented for the Project.

3.7.1.6 Fishing Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders identified several fishing areas during the TLU study, with the nearest site located approximately 7 km northwest of the Project. Table 3.7-5 details fishing areas identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council for the Project. Historically, Cowper, Garson, Kirby and Winefred lakes were popular fishing areas, as were many of the streams and rivers between these lakes. Elders reported that Cowper, Garson and Winefred lakes are still popular places to fish, but they no longer fish in Christina Lake because of contamination and diseased fish.

TABLE 3.7-5

FISHING AREAS IDENTIFIED BY CHRISTINA RIVER DENE NATION COUNCIL

Distance and Direction from Project Site Description Age Requested Mitigation 36 km north-northeast Fishing in Cowper Lake Current None 7 km northwest Fishing in Christina Lake Historic None 11 km southeast Fishing in Winefred Lake Current None 11 km southeast Fishing between Winefred and Garson Lake Current None 91 km northeast Fishing in Garson Lake Current None 9 km to10 km south Fishing in Kirby Lake Historic None 85 km northeast Fishing at Christina Crossing Historic None 12 km southeast Fishing at Hook Lake Current None

Both Cowper Lake and Garson Lake are popular sites to catch perch, jackfish and whitefish. In the lakes, streams and rivers between Garson Lake and Winefred Lake jackfish, whitefish, suckers, Mariah (burbot) and pickerel are caught. Elders remember setting up nets around Gypsy Lake, Winefred Lake and Christina Crossing to catch jackfish, wild eye, perch, jumbo, pickerel, whitefish and Mariah. Fish may be fried, smoked or dried. In the past dried fish would be sold, but today most fish is used for consumption.

Some Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders report that they recently started fishing around Hook Lake, towards the Saskatchewan border and primarily catch jackfish. They report that this is partly because there is not much good fishing in the traditional spots today due to heavy development in the area.

Elders indicated that they do not fish in the springtime as this is when fish spawn. Winefred Lake and Winefred River were reported as the main spawning areas in the region by several Elders. All Elders indicated that they do not fish in Winefred Lake and River during spawning time.

Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders have noticed changes to the fish populations in the region. One Elder spoke about how they have noticed over the years that fish in Cowper Lake are very skinny while fish in Winefred Lake look healthier because the water is deeper. Several Elders have noticed that the fish tastes different today, some indicating that the fish is now watery, bland and has fewer calories.

No specific fishing locations were identified in the Project Footprint. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to fishing to be implemented for the Project.

3.7.1.7 Trapping Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders identified several trap lines and trapping areas during the TLU study, with the nearest site located approximately 6-7 km north-northwest of the Project. Table 3.7-6

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details trapping areas identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council for the Project. An Elder reported that he has owned a trap line since 1935 and still uses it today. The trap line runs from Christina Crossing to Clearwater River. He traps lynx, beaver, muskrat, weasel, mink, fisher and otter and in the past would sell the furs. He remembers one Christmas in 1958 when his father killed 65 lynx, 1,100 squirrels, 34 mink and 120 weasels on their trap line. In the past he would trap from November to May and transport the furs to Christina Crossing by canoe in the spring. He explained that you cannot trap as much today because the animals are fewer and the price of furs has decreased so there is no incentive.

TABLE 3.7-6

TRAPPING AREAS IDENTIFIED BY CHRISTINA RIVER DENE NATION COUNCIL

Distance and Direction from Project Site Description Age Requested Mitigation 36 km north-northeast Trapping near Bohn Lake Historic None 15 km east Trap line from Cowper Lake to northern tip of Current None Winefred Lake 80 km to 130 km northeast Trap line from Christina Crossing to Clearwater River Current None 60 km northwest Trapping near Kettle River Current None 85 km northeast Trap line from Christina Crossing to Garson Lake Historic None 15 km east Trap line northwest of Winefred Lake to Kirby Lake Inactive None 126 km southwest Trap line from Highway 881 to 20 km Current None 36 km north-northeast Trapping near Cowper Lake Historic None

Another Elder has a trap line that runs from Highway 63 to Kettle River. He reports that he started trapping alone when he was 16 and still traps today. He traps lynx, squirrel and weasel and in the past would live off the animals from his trapping. One Elder reported that he has a trap line running from Cowper Lake south to the northern tip of Winefred Lake and then extending east. He started trapping when he was nine when his father passed away. In the past he earned his income from trapping lynx, fisher, fox, mink, beaver, rat and squirrel. He would stay in the cabin all winter and then transport the furs to market in the spring, and also explained that all he needed was four matches and two rabbit snares to live for a month. Another Elder had a trap line for 17 years from Christina Crossing through Janvier to Garson Lake. He shared the trap line with his brother and would trap anything they could for consumption purposes. He is not sure whether the trap line is still in use. One Elder reported that his family owns a trap line that passes through the area northwest of Winefred Lake to Kirby Lake but that it is presently inactive. In the past he would trap beaver, muskrat, otter, lynx, mink and marten from early spring until May and, at this time of year, the furs are the best and the animals are fat. Nowadays there is no money in furs so he does not trap anymore. Near Highway 881 up to km 20 approximately, an Elder reported that he traps all animals along his trap line there except for wolf and bear and says that there are not nearly as many animals as there used to be.

Other Elders reported trap lines that family members had used in the past. One Elder’s husband used to trap around Cowper Lake and Christina River. Beaver, lynx, squirrel and weasel were harvested each year. Another Elder reported that she snares rabbits in the Janvier area and that her deceased husband trapped all kinds of animals in the Janvier area. She reported that not as many people trap now because fur prices are too low and there are very few animals in the region. Other Elders reported that family ancestors would trap around Bohn and Cowper lakes. Beaver, lynx, muskrats, squirrel, weasel, mink, fisher and otter were regularly harvested.

An Elder reported that her great uncle used to trap everything around Cowper Lake. He was the first person to discover potential settlement lands at Janvier, which was once a meadow with lots of cattle. She recalls he discovered this area while out on a hunting and trapping trip. It was during the 1920’s that people started migrating to what is now the present-day Christina River Dene Nation Council area.

No specific trapping locations were identified in the Project Footprint. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to trapping to be implemented for the Project.

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3.7.1.8 Gathering Places Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders identified several gathering areas during the TLU study, with the nearest site located approximately 11 km northeast of the Project. Table 3.7-7 details gathering areas identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council for the Project. Several Elders indicated that there is a gathering place that is still active and can be found on the north peninsula of the north shore of Winefred Lake. This site is used today for gatherings with speakers and meetings, and for student field trips. There are stories about this gathering area that tell about how things are now and how they were before.

TABLE 3.7-7

GATHERING PLACES IDENTIFIED BY CHRISTINA RIVER DENE NATION COUNCIL

Distance and Direction from Project Site Description Age Requested Mitigation 36 km north-northeast Gathering place near Cowper Lake Up until 1961 None 80 km northeast Gathering place at Christina Crossing Historic None 11 km northeast Gathering place at northern end of Winefred Lake Current None 40 km north Gathering place near Janvier Current None

Several Elders stated that Janvier is now the main gathering area for members of the Christina River Dene Nation Council. At these gatherings there are hand games, sweats and powwows. One Elder believes that the reason Janvier became a gathering place and site of the Christina River Dene Nation Council is due to its abundance of fresh water, animals and plants. A gathering place was identified near Cowper Lake but the Elder who identified this site reported that she had not been there since 1961 and was unsure whether the site was still active. An Elder indicated that people would once go to Christina Crossing for ceremonies like sweats, but was unsure if people still go there for ceremonies today.

No gathering areas were identified in the Project Footprint. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to gathering places to be implemented for the Project.

3.7.1.9 Sacred Areas Christina River Dene Nation Council Elders identified several sacred areas during the TLU study, with the nearest site located approximately 7 km north of the Project. Table 3.7-8 details sacred areas identified by Christina River Dene Nation Council for the Project. Elders indicated that there are some cross-marked graves at Cowper Lake and some unmarked burials across the tracks from Railway Section 224 that cannot be seen any longer. Elders also reported there are unmarked graves located on the south shoreline area just east of where Sunday Creek drains into Christina Lake.

TABLE 3.7-8

SACRED AREAS IDENTIFIED BY CHRISTINA RIVER DENE NATION COUNCIL

Distance and Direction from Project Site Description Age Requested Mitigation 36 km north-northeast Burial sites near Cowper Lake Historic None 11 km southeast Burial sites at northern end of Winefred Lake Historic None 45 km north-northwest Burial sites on west side of Kettle River Historic None 7 km north Unmarked graves at conjunction of Sunday Creek and Historic None Christina Lake 36 km north-northeast Burial sites at Bohn Lake Historic None

Several Elders believe that most of their ancestors were buried around Cowper Lake or at the northern end of Winefred Lake since these were the main sites used for fishing, hunting and trapping by their ancestors.

No sacred areas were identified in the Project Footprint. Participants have not recommended any mitigation strategies related to sacred areas to be implemented for the Project.

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3.7.1.10 Community Participants TERA would like to thank the following community members of Christina River Dene Nation Council for their time and assistance.

Elders: Ernestine Herman; Judith Janvier; Corona Janvier; Rosemarie Herman; Jeremy Janvier; Mary Janvier; Daniel Cardinal; Mary Cardinal; Narcisse Janvier; Max Janvier; Maria Janvier; Adelaide Janvier; Rosie Laprice; Peter Piche; Frances Piche; Ernest M. Janvier; Ernest J. Janvier; and Laurette Herman.

Community Members: Russell Janvier; Almer Herman; Bobby Janvier; Maria Black; Blair Lemaigre; Rose Herman; Marvin MacDonald; Darrell Herman; Leanna Berard; Elmer MacDonald; Harvey Janvier; Caroline Janvier; Lena Herman; and Maurice LaRouque.

3.7.2 Heart Lake First Nation Heart Lake First Nation is located at Heart Lake #167, approximately 45 km northeast of Lac La Biche and approximately 82 km northeast of the Project. Heart Lake First Nation is a signatory of Treaty 6 and is affiliated with Tribal Chiefs Venture Incorporated.

Heart Lake people continue to practice their traditional activities throughout their asserted traditional territory. Within the region of Heart, Winefred and Christina lakes, the Heart Lake people continue to hunt, trap, fish and gather. It has been indicated that the area specifically surrounding Christina Lake contains excellent fishing locals as well as a number of traditional trails (Heart Lake First Nation Consultation Office [HLFNCO] 2009). The region surrounding Christina Lake has been confirmed by Heart Lake First Nation Elders to support harvested species such as moose, deer, caribou, grouse, rabbits and beaver (HLFNCO 2009).

Heart Lake First Nation is currently conducting an independent TLU study for the Project. TERA accompanied Heart Lake First Nation on August 15, 2012 for an overflight of the Project. Heart Lake First Nation did not communicate any issues or concerns related to the Project during the overflight with TERA. The results of the Heart Lake First Nation TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

3.7.3 Fort McMurray #468 First Nation Fort McMurray #468 First Nation is located on four reserves. Reserve #175 is approximately 20 km east of Fort McMurray and Reserves #176, #176A and #176B are near Anzac on Gregoire Lake approximately 50 km southeast of Fort McMurray. Gregoire Lake Reserve #176 is the largest and most populated reserve and is approximately 100 km northwest of the Project. Fort McMurray #468 First Nation is a signatory of Treaty 8 as well as a member of the Athabasca Tribal Council.

The Fort McMurray #468 First Nation is made up of people with Cree, Beaver and Chipewyan ancestry. The Beaver people occupied the Fort McMurray area during pre-contact times. Many of the people who live in and around Fort McMurray moved into the region when forts were constructed during the early fur trade as they participated in the fur trade (Fort McMurray #468 First Nation 2006). Due to the availability of food and fur these people followed annual nomadic cycles. Within their asserted traditional territory Fort McMurray #468 First Nations continue to harvest larger mammals such as moose, wood buffalo, and caribou as well as small furbearing animals such as beaver, muskrat and rabbits (Fort McMurray #468 First Nation 2006). Many people from Fort McMurray #468 First Nation still gather medicines, food, hunt and trap, and have seen many changes in their surroundings, especially in the last 50 years.

Fort McMurray #468 First Nation is currently conducting an independent TLU study for the Project. TERA accompanied Fort McMurray #468 First Nation on February 28, 2013 for an overflight of the Project. Fort McMurray #468 First Nation did not communicate any issues or concerns related to the Project during the overflight with TERA. The results of Fort McMurray #468 First Nation TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

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3.7.4 Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation consists of three reserves, Janvier Reserve 194, Cowper Lake Reserve 194A and Winefred Lake Reserve 194B. The main reserve is Janvier 194 and encompasses an area of approximately 2,487 ha, located approximately 97 km southeast of the City of Fort McMurray and approximately 32 km northwest of the Project. Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation is a signatory of Treaty 8 and a member of the Athabasca Tribal Council.

The asserted traditional territories of Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation encompassed a large area extending from the Richardson Backcountry at its northern extent, to the North Saskatchewan River in the south and from Wabasca in the east to Peter Pond Lake in the east (Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation 2007). Members of the Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation call themselves “Dene Suline” and speak the Dene language which is in the Athabascan language group (Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation 2007). Traditionally, people from this group traveled in a cyclical pattern in order to follow the seasonal movement of wildlife and the availability of plants for food, medicine and materials.

The region around Christina Lake is known to the Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation for hunting a variety of animals, including moose, whitetail deer, bison, as well as beavers, grouse and ducks (Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation 2009). Trapping and fishing are also important traditional practices to the Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation as they continue to trap rabbit, squirrel, fox and fisher as well as fish for whitefish, jackfish, Arctic grayling and lake trout (CNRL 2007, Rio Alto Exploration Ltd. 2002). Plant gathering has been identified as an important activity to the Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation people as edible and medicinal plants are continually harvested within Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation asserted traditional territory (CNRL 2007, Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation 2009).

NGTL continues to engage Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation to support their participation in Project activities and participation on a TLU study will be determined by Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation.

3.7.5 Beaver Lake Cree First Nation Beaver Lake Cree First Nation is located at Beaver Lake #131, approximately 17 km southeast of Lac La Biche and approximately 120 km southwest of the Project. Beaver Lake #131 encompasses approximately 6,241 ha of land. Beaver Lake Cree First Nation is a signatory of Treaty 6 and is affiliated with Tribal Chiefs Venture Incorporated. Band members are actively engaged in traditional hunting and fishing, farming, ranching, forestry, the oil and gas industry, and other trades and occupations.

Historical and ethnographic literature states that the Woodland Cree, to which Beaver Lake Cree belong, harvested a number of mammals within the boreal forest, primarily moose and woodland caribou. Furbearing animals for trapping were of major importance. Some of these furbearers include hare, beaver, mink, marten, otter, lynx, fox and muskrat (Smith 1981). It has also been indicated that fishing was carried out extensively during the early spring and late fall in order to harvest whitefish, lake trout, pickerel and pike. During the winter months, this fish was a staple food source for the forest dwellers (McCullough 1982). Within the boreal forest, plant products are limited seasonally which restricts the Woodland Cree to a few varieties of berries, primarily the Saskatoon berry and chokecherry (Smith 1981). The traditional practices of hunting, fishing and gathering continue to be practiced by Beaver Lake Cree First Nation (Beaver Lake Cree First Nation 2006).

NGTL is committed to maintaining a positive working relationship and to support Beaver Lake Cree Nation participation in Project activities. Participation on a TLU study will be determined by Beaver Lake Cree Nation.

3.7.6 Kehewin Cree Nation Kehewin Cree Nation is located at Kehewin #123, approximately 20 km south of Bonneyville, Alberta and approximately 160 km south of the Project. Kehewin Cree Nation is a signatory of Treaty 6.

The asserted traditional territory of the Kehewin Cree Nation covers a large portion of central Alberta, extending from slightly east of the Saskatchewan border in the east to the foothills of the Canadian Rockies in the west. Today, the traditional use area of Kehewin Cree Nation is primarily north of the North

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Saskatchewan River but some hunting, fishing and trapping does occur in the foothills south of this river. Community members still rely on traditional hunting, fishing and gathering practices and travel widely to pursue these practices (Kehewin Cree Nation Peacekeepers 2012).

Kehewin Cree Nation has expressed interest in the Project and is currently working with NGTL to develop a work plan to conduct an independent TLU study for the Project. The results of the Kehewin Cree Nation TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

3.7.7 Willow Lake Métis Local #780 Willow Lake Metis Local # 780 is located in the hamlet of Anzac, approximately 35 km southeast of the city of Fort McMurray and approximately 100 km northwest of the Project. Willow Lake Métis Local #780 expressed interest in the Project and is working with NGTL and Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 to develop a work plan to conduct a TLU study for the Project. The results of the Willow Lake Métis Local #780 TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

3.7.8 Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 Conklin is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the RM of Wood Buffalo. It is located on Highway 881 between Fort McMurray and Lac La Biche. The hamlet is located in census division No. 16 and in the federal riding of Fort McMurray-Athabasca.

It has been indicated that the people of Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 utilise the area around Conklin Métis Nation for traditional activities and, in particular, that Elders traveled large distances, from Fort McMurray to Lac La Biche for example, in order to pursue their traditional activities (Mineral Exploration Group Energy Corp. 2005). Important animals, large game as well as furbearers to harvest for the Conklin Métis Local #193 include moose, deer, caribou, beaver, muskrats and rabbits.

The harvested fowl, multiple types of grouse as well as ptarmigans were used as a source of food but the feathers were also used in decorative/ceremonial items and blankets (Devon ARL Corporation [Devon] 2006). Plant resources continue to be used by the Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 for multiple purposes, including subsistence, medicine important for spiritual traditions, fire wood, building materials and baskets (Devon 2006).

Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 has chosen to conduct an independent TLU study for the Project. The results of the Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

3.7.9 Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 is located in Fort McMurray in the RM of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, approximately 100 km north of the Project. Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 expressed interest in the Project and is working with NGTL to develop a work plan to conduct a TLU study for the Project. The results of the Fort McMurray Métis Local #1935 TLU study will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

3.7.10 Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 Metis Nation of Alberta Region 1 extends from Highway 28 north to the Northwest Territories Border and from Athabasca east to the Saskatchewan Border. Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 governance structure is comprised of six regional areas, of which Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 is included. Each region has an elected council consisting of a President, Vice-President and representation of Métis locals from within the region (Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 2012).

Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 reviewed the Project information and participated in discussions with NGTL to determine which Métis communities should be involved in Project activities. Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 determined that Conklin Métis Nation Local #193 is the primary Métis community potentially affected by the Project (see Section 3.7.1).

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4.0 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTSTANDING ISSUES The issues identified by participating Aboriginal communities through TLU studies and biophysical field studies for the Project are summarised below in Table 4.1-1.

TABLE 4.1-1

SUMMARY OF ISSUES/CONCERNS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Distance and Direction from NGTL Proposed Location Project Description Issue/Concern Mitigation Measures Traditional Ecological Knowledge Observation From KP 11.0 to Along slopes of Late Late successional forest will Do not take more temporary workspace in this area than is KP 11.1. unnamed successional be destroyed during already identified. tributary to forest. construction. Use a stump mulcher rather than grubbing on areas where Sunday Creek stripping and grading is not necessary. (WC 3). Reduce the extent of grubbing within the construction right-of- way. KP 1.8 (WC1); 0 m; Beaver dams/ Beavers will need to be Contact Aboriginal communities a minimum of two weeks prior KP 6.2 (WC 2); 30 m north; lodges. trapped and community to commencing clearing and construction activities as well as KP 11.1 (WC 3); and 50 m north; and members should be employed provide maps and schedules of the proposed construction KP 12.2 (WC4). 200 m east. to trap. activities to enable them to select alternate areas for activity and ensure the communities are informed of any changes in the construction schedule. Compensate trappers in accordance with provincial requirements. NGTL’s Trappers Compensation Plan reimburses senior trap line holders based on three elements of Project notification, pre-construction consultation/notification and post-construction fur loss negotiation/compensation. In the event that beaver dams or lodges will be disturbed, provide notification or obtain necessary provincial permits prior to commencing activities. Engage the registered trapper(s). At KP 3.0, KP 3.1, 0 m Northern Construction may damage Schedule construction outside of the growing season, do not KP 3.6 and from slender orchid habitat. take more temporary workspace in this area than is already KP 3.9 to KP 4.0. ladies’-tresses identified and use appropriate protective material (rare orchid). (e.g., packed snow and ice) in the vicinity of these plant locations in order to reduce soils and vegetation disturbance. Entire length of -- Vegetation Line-of-sight and predators Use measures to control access (e.g., rollback) and proposed pipeline. clearing along along the proposed pipeline. construction techniques to restrict grubbing. the proposed pipeline. Aquatics RSA. -- Watercourses Water quality in creeks and Develop water quality monitoring plans to monitor for and lakes in the region will decline. sediment events during instream construction activities as waterbodies in Request that water sources required by the applicable regulatory approvals (i.e., the the region. and discharge associated with Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Letter of construction be tested Advice). If monitoring reveals sediment values are regularly for quality and approaching threshold values, the water quality monitors will quantity. alert the Environmental Inspector(s) and work with them to develop corrective actions. If corrective actions are not successful, construction activities will be temporarily suspended until effective solutions are identified. Prior to discharge of hydrostatic test water, testing and treatment measures will be implemented during the construction phase in accordance with provincial codes of practice.

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TABLE 4.1-1 Cont'd

Distance and Direction from NGTL Proposed Location Project Description Issue/Concern Mitigation Measures Results of Traditional Land Use Study Entire length of -- Potential for If a pipeline breaks or The following measures will be implemented during the proposed pipeline. pipeline breaks ruptures, wildlife near to the construction phase: or ruptures. break will be negatively - use of high quality steel and welding techniques; impacted. Elders are welds checked by ultrasonic inspection or x-ray to ensure uncomfortable accepting the - they are sound; risk without compensation of some kind. - pipeline segments will be fusion-bonded epoxy coated to protect them against corrosion; and - pipeline segments will be tested prior to operation, and if a leak occurs during testing, the affected section of the pipe will be replaced. The pipeline will be constructed in accordance with CSA Z662. -- -- Cumulative Concerned that the cumulative Potential Project-related cumulative effects are mitigated with impact of effects of oil and gas implementation of the following design and construction development in development are negatively measures: the region. impacting the environment. - align the proposed pipeline to follow existing linear Fewer animals, unhealthier features such as pipelines and disturbed areas such as plants and animals, lower facilities/clearings to the extent practical; water levels as well as strange reduce predator line-of-sight and associated mortality risk; algae and oily films on - streams and lakes have been - encourage rapid regeneration of natural vegetation; and observed. - avoid construction during critical wildlife timing windows. -- -- Benefits to the Community members would NGTL to continue to communicate with participating community of like to see some of the money communities to address issues and concerns related to development. from oil and gas activities go economic opportunities and community investment. toward developing Encourage the Prime Contractors to use qualified local and infrastructure and providing Aboriginal businesses and services. amenities in the community.

Aboriginal communities potentially impacted by the Project will be invited to participate in the 2013 supplemental biophysical field studies. The results of Aboriginal participation during these 2013 studies and of any upcoming TLU study field reconnaissance and mitigation meetings will be provided to the NEB in a supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

In the event that TLU sites requiring mitigation are identified during ongoing TLU studies and/or during construction, the accepted and proven mitigative strategies outlined in this Report and in the TLU Sites Discovery Contingency Plan (see Appendix 1 of the ESA) will be implemented. The specific mitigation measures that may be implemented will be dependent on the type of concern or site identified.

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5.0 REFERENCES

5.1 Literature Cited Beaver Lake Cree Nation 2006. Website: http://www.beaverlakecreenation.ca/default.aspx?ID=4-1 Accessed: November 2012.

Canadian Natural Resources Limited. 2007. Application for the Kirby In-Situ Oil Sands Project. Submitted to the Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board and Alberta Environment. Calgary, Alberta.

Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation. 2007. Kai’Kos Dehseh Dene the Red Willow River (Christina River) People: a Traditional Land Use Study of the Chipewyan Prairie First Nation. Nicomacian Press. Calgary, Alberta.

Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation. 2009. Letter to Energy Resource Conservation Board and Korea National Oil Corporation. Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation Industry Relations Corporation. Fort McMurray, Alberta.

Devon ARL Corporation. 2006. Application for Approval of the Devon Jackfish 2 Project. Submitted to the Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board and Alberta Environment. Prepared by AMEC Earth & Environmental. Calgary, Alberta.

Fort McMurray #468 First Nation. 2006. “Where Three Rivers Meet”: Fort McMurray #468 First Nation. Nicomacian Press. Calgary, Alberta.

Heart Lake First Nation Consultation Office. 2009. TLU/TEK Information as it Related to the Korea National Oil Company BlackGold Project/Expansion Project. Submitted to Korea National Oil Company. Edmonton, Alberta.

Helm, J. 1969. The Nature of Dogrib Socioterritorial Groups. Pp. 118-125 in Man the Hunter. R.B. Lee and I. Devore (Eds.). Aldine Publishing Co. Chicago, Illinois.

Kehewin Cree Nation Peacekeepers, 2012. Traditional Practices, Historical and Current Occupancy, and Kehewin Cree Nation Treaty Impact Assessment, Submission to the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project.

Marles, R.J., C. Clavelle, L. Monteleone, N. Tays and D. Burns. 2000. Aboriginal Plant Use in Canada's Northwest Boreal Forest. Co-published by Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada. UBC Press, Vancouver, British Columbia.

McCullough, E. 1982. Prehistoric Cultural Dynamic of the Lac La Biche Region. Archaeological Survey of Alberta. Occasional Paper No. 18. Edmonton, Alberta.

Métis Nation of Alberta Region 1 2012. Website: www.region1metis.ca. Accessed: December 2012.

Mineral Exploration Group Energy Corp. 2005. Application for Approval of the Christina Lake Regional Project. Volume 5: The Human Environment. Calgary, Alberta.

Natural Regions Committee. 2006. Natural Regions and Subregions of Alberta. Compiled by D.J. Downing and W.W. Pettapiece. Government of Alberta. Pub. No. T/852. 254 pp. 1 map. Website: http://www.cd.gov.ab.ca/preserving/parks/anhic/docs/NRSRcomplete%20May_06.pdf.

Rio Alto Exploration Ltd. 2002. Application the Approval of the Kirby Project. Submitted to the Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board and Alberta Environment. Prepared by Golder Associates Ltd. Calgary, Alberta.

Smith, J.G.E. 1981. Western Wood Cree. Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 6: Subarctic. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C.

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TERA Environmental Consultants. 2013. Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment for the Sunday Creek South Lateral Loop No. 3 Pipeline Project. Prepared for NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd.

5.2 GIS and Mapping References IHS Inc. 2004. IHS Hydro Region/Hydro Line Data (digital files). Calgary, Alberta. Available: http://energy.ihs.com/Solutions/Regions/Canada/. Acquired: June 2011. Last Update Check: October 2011.

IHS Inc. 2012a. IHS Road Segments (digital file). Calgary, Alberta. Available: http://energy.ihs.com/Solutions/Regions/Canada/. Acquired: September 2012. Update Interval: Monthly.

IHS Inc. 2012b. IHS Enhanced Pipeline Data (digital file). Calgary, Alberta. Available: http://energy.ihs.com/Solutions/Regions/Canada/. Acquired: September 2012. Update Interval: Monthly.

Midwest Surveys Inc. 2011. Kilometre Post, Proposed Pipeline Route, Ancillary Facility, Temporary Access Road, Lake Access Road (digital files). Acquired: July 2011.

TERA Environmental Consultants. 2008. Hillshade. Derived from Natural Resources Canada, Earth Sciences Sector, Centre for Topographic Information. 2000-2008. Canadian Digital Elevation Data 250k (digital files). Sherbrooke, Quebec. Available: http://www.geobase.ca/geobase/en/data/cded/index.html. Acquired: 2008. Last Update Check: December 2010.

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