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Nearshore sediment transportation mechanisms, Bonaire, Southern Ariana David ([email protected]), Bobby Reece

1. Introduction/Background 3. Processing Improvements 5.Interpretation Results R-E'"28&E%&8-8"12'N;IV13. <&131#"/ New Faults New Sediment Packages ,-/=#%1$2> • Bonaire is one of the three !"#$%&'G)*+6"2&'OP'L%"#"2-3'-2>'M&4'0%17"3&. !"#$%&'G)(+6"2&'GQ'L%"#"2-3'-2>'M&4'0%17"3&. Confrmed Faults Comfrmed Sediment Packages islands that makes up the Refuted Faults Refuted Sediment Packages Leeward and is lo1 0.3s 0.5s cated roughly 60 miles off !# Southern Study Region the coast of . Results 0.4s •The southern study region also contains ig1 • Composed of Carbonate 0.6s neous ridges, but have more sediment reten1 formed during the Miocene, tion in smaller areas than the central study 0.5s Bonaire is a platform overly1 !" region.

ing an igneous basement. 0.7s • Bales (2016) reported that packages are • Initially formed due to vol1 0.6s confined to topographic lows, but additional canism in the Cretaceous, depth penetration shows small deposits lo 0.8s 1 Bonaire uplifted due to the 0 cated at various depths of profiles. 0.7s subduction of the Carribean *HHI *HHI GPKI GPKI plate during the Oligocene. • Additional regional faulting found closer to !"#$%&'G)*+N3%*2"%E'#1&*.0/0&%/*30.*(#*+%0/1"%&*'(/%"9 !"#$%&'G)(+P%2"#$%&&'()*"%&1,/%.*'(*/3%*"%&#,1/'#(*#+*0* the nearshore of , is believed to • For ease of discussion in this study, we divided the nearshore 2"%/%.O*3#-%E%"F*'(*/3%*(%-*2"#+',%F*/3%"%*'&*%E'.%($%*#+* &%.'6%(/*$0/$36%(/*,0")%"*/30(*2"%E'#1&,5*'.%(/'+'%.F*0.9 be the result of regional faulting in the South into three study regions, as shown below. .#-(&,#2%*6#E%6%(/A .'/'#(0,*'(.'$0/'#(&*#(*0*2"#+',%*#+*0*+01,/*0(.*&/"'0/'#(&*'(9 !"#$%&'F)G)'J#1/3%"(*J/1.5*"%)'#(*-'/3*2"%9 Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone. .'$0/'E%*#+*"%)'#(0,*+01,/'()A 0-.8'?1%= ,'6'(0"5*'(/%"2"%/0/'#( • The high-resolution dataset was lo1 !"#$%&'G)G+6"2&'*G'L%"#"2-3'-2>'M&4'0%17"3&. !"#$%&'G)J+6"2&'(K'L%"#"2-3'-2>'M&4'0%17"3&. cated on the leeward side of the island Central Study Region to try and show the sedimentary path1 0.4s Results ways and nearshore slope environ1 0.3s • Data within this study region does not ment and the connection of the near1 show a distinct basin drop off, but it is be1 shore carbonate factory to the deep1 0.5s lieved that the elongated topographic highs water survey. 0.4s span beyond our data coverage in the off1 shore (Bales, 2016). • Developing a coherent profile was 0.6s initially complicated by shallow water • The refuting of a large number of faults in 0.5s depth, a thin and spare sedimentary this area leads us to believe that this region 0.7s cover, and a hard carbonate seafloor. is less active than previously reported, how1 ever, the discovery of additional sediment 0.6s packages indicate the bulk of the near1 @$%%&28'?1%= 0.8s • Through reprocessing, we hoped to shore sedimentation factory.

define the morphology that drives sedi1 GGHI GGHI 0.7s (OPI (OPI mentation along the coast. • Deeper seismic profile penetration allows !"#$%&'G)G+Q'&$#E%"5*#+*0*&%.'6%(/*.%2#&'/*'(*/3%*"%2"#9 !"#$%&'G)J+!"%E'#1&*&%$/'#(*30.*(#*+%0/1"%&*'.%(/'+'04,%F* for confirmation of the presence of valley1 $%&&%.*2"#+',%*'(*0..'/'#(*/#*/3%*$,0"'+'$0/'#(*#+*/3%*4#1(.&* 3#-%E%"*"%2"#$%&&'()*30&*"%&#,E%.*0*+01,/*0/*/3%*&1"+0$%* • Using a series of predictive deconvo1 like features consisting of igneous ridges !"#$%&'F)()'D%(/"0,*J/1.5*"%)'#(*-'/3*2"%9 lution to minimize the bubble pulse 4%/-%%(*+0$'%&A 0(.*0*3')3*062,'/1.%*"%+,%$/#"*41"'%.*4%(%0/3*&%.'6%(/A and low level of sedimentation. This sed1 ,'6'(0"5*'(/%"2"%/0/'#( and source and receiver ghosts we imentation correlates with current offshore were able to create a clearer image of pattern studies and is evidence of mass the faults, the igneous basement be1 4. Processing results transport complexes neath the carbonate platform and the accumulation of sediment in troughs. R-..'8%-2.E1%8'>&E1."8.'5RBS.9 N&-7311%'N3$IE"2# Northern Study Region 0.2s 0.2s Results • The definition of these features iden1 •Steeply dipping seafloor is a result of the !"#$%&'()*%+,-./0 early Cretaceous igneous basement uplift tifies the main sediment mechanisms in the region as gravity drive downslope move1 0.3s 0.3s N3$IE ment and mass transport. in this region (Bales, 2016). 0.4s 0.4s • No evidence was found of carbonate N3$IE deposits except for small catches along 2. Methodology 0.5s 0.5s !"#$%&'()*+,-."/' Input Shot Data the edge of the island in lines 20 and 24, and a potential small deposit at the 0%1/&.."2#'!314 0.6s 0.6s bottom of line 21. !"#$%&&'()*+,#-*"%.%&')(%.*/#*0$$#1(/*+#"*2##"*.0/0&%/* RBS .%2/3*2%(%/"0/'#(*45*,'6'/'()*/3%*'620$/*#+*/3%*'('/'0,* 0.7s Geometry 0.7s • Additional carbonate material present in -0/%"*$#,16(*/#*"#$7* the northern study region may have been 4#1(.0"5*8*/3%*+'(0,*2"#9 0.8s 0.8s ripped off by high wave energy and trans1 $%&&'()*+,#-*+#"*/3'&*.0/0&%/* Brutestack ported basinward out of the study region 40&%.*#(*/3%*-#"7*#+* (Engel et al., 2013). CMP Sort 0.9s 0.9s :,1%&(%";<=>?@A**B,0$7* GPKI (FPI 0""#-&*'(.'$0/%*+,#-*.'"%$9 Pick Water Bottom !"#$%&'F)*)'I#"/3%"(*J/1.5*"%)'#(*-'/3*2"%,'6'9 /'#(*0(.*'($,1.%*&/%2&*(#/* !"#$%&'J)*+J%'&6'$*"%+,%$/'#(*20$70)%*#(*,'(%*L<*,#9 !"#$%&'J)(+J%'&6'$*"%+,%$/'#(*20$70)%*#(*,'(%*L>*,#9 (0"5*'(/%"2"%/0/'#( %C20(.%.A* Bandpass Filter, $0/%.*'(*/3%*/3%"(*&/1.5*"%)'#(A*J%.'6%(/*20$79 $0/%.*'(*/3%*/3%"(*&/1.5*"%)'#(A*J,162'()*'60)%.* Deconvolution 0)%*+"#6*60&&*/"0(&2#"/*$#62,%C*'(*0*/"#1)3A '(*/3%*&'.%*#+*0*6#1(.A A&;'%&.$38. 6"2&'GQ'L%"#"2-3':&31/"8;'0%17"3& •Sediment production and transportation to the deepwater is concentrated mainly !-$38.T'8%1$#C. M&-%.C1%&'%&&7 in the central study region and to a lesser degree in the southern study region. Velocity model, pick 0.1s W&&7 0.1s mutes •Steeply dipping seafloor in the northern study region retains less sediment other 0.2s regions; however, there is also more regional faulting than previously believed. Stack 0.3s •It is now possible to trace the sediment pathways from the sediment producers 0.4s 0.2s in the nearshore through the troughs eventually into the deepwater basins. 0.5s Migration B%1$#C. 0.6s 6. Future Work 6"2&'GQ'UE>-8&>':&31/"8;'0%17"3& 0.7s !"#$%&'()('56&789+:&31/"8;' 0.3s • Update work by Bales (2016) and submit for publication. 0.8s 0%17"3&. • Use reprocessed dataset to connect nearshore sedimentary systems to 0.9s D#620"'&#(*#+*/3%*2"%E'#1&,5* GGHI deepwater systems imaged in a legacy USGS seismic survey.% 1&%.*E%,#$'/5*2"#+',%&F*0(.*$1"9 GFPI "%(/,5*1&%.*E%,#$'/5*2"#+',%&A*G(9 !"#$%&'J)J+J%'&6'$*"%+,%$/'#(*20$70)%*#+*,'(%*>M*,#$0/%.*'(* !"#$%&'J)G+J%'&6'$*"%+,%$/'#(*20$70)%*,'(%*=K*,#$0/%.*'(*/3%* References/Acknowledgments $"%0&%.*E%,#$'/'%&*0/*&30,,#-%"* /3%*$%(/"0,*&/1.5*"%)'#(A*HE'.%($%*#+*(%0"&3#"%*"%%+*.%2#&9 /3%"(*&/1.5*"%)'#(A*HC/%(&'#(0,*+01,/'()*-'/3*0*,#-*,%E%,* .%2/3&*,%.*/#*0(*'($"%0&%*'(* '/&*-'/3*&%.'6%(/9+',,%.*/"#1)3&A #+*&%.'6%(/*0$$161,0/'#(*'(*/3%*/"#1)3*.1%*/#*/3%*0"'.*$,'9 Special thanks to: .%2/3*2%(%/"0/'#(*'(*61,/'2,%* 60/%*#+*/3%*'&,0(.A • TAMUS LSAMP NSF grant (NSF HRD-1304975) and Texas A&M University Col1 ,'(%&A*H0$3*,'(%*#+*/3%*&1"E%5*30.* A&;'%&E%1/&.."2#'%&.$38. lege of Geosciences for financial support. 0*E%,#$'/5*2"#+',%*"%-#"7A • Reprocessing resulted in additional depth penetration of approximately 50 (?)meters in profiles in • Paradigm for the donation of seismic processing and interpretation software. the southern and central study region. A&;'B&/C2"D$&. • Bales, M., 2016, Geophysical Analysis of Quaternary Marine Sedimentary Pro1 •A trio of predictive deconvolutions helped reduce the impact of the bubble pulse and cesses, Bonaire, Netherland Antilles [Masters Thesis]: Texas A&M University. the source and receiver ghosts5!"#$%&'()*9. • The first image of mass transport deposit top and bottom in the study region. • Engel, M. et al., 2013, A prehistoric tsunami induced long-lasting ecosystem changes on a semi-arid tropical island-- the case of Boka Bartol (Bonaire, Leeward •Reworked velocity profiles, removal of CDPs smoothed anomalies in the original ve Antilles). I0/1"-'&&%(&$30+/%(, v. 100, no. 1, p. 51-67. 1 • Additional depth penetration allowed for the differentiation between faults and slumps. locity profiles5!"#$%&'()(9. • Kluesner, J., et al., 2018, Practical approaches to maximizing the resolution of sparker seismic reflection data. J2"'()%"* I%/3%",0(.&, 1-23, •Sea floor retrace to account for the presence of out of plane features. • Sediment depth more fully constrained in the southern study region. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1100