~rr.5~£~,... NEWSLETTER WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION Atlantis /I Decommissioned After 34 Years' Service to Oceanography

ith more than a million miles for graphic Institution. TIle ship will con­ tigations in the Pacific and Gulf of W science on the record books and a tinue its career with a new Ilame and a Alaska regions. sterling career as a researdl vessel, Allan­ new owner, who has plans to operate it A decommissioning ceremony at tile lis If leaves the Woods Hole Oceano- commercially to support fisheries inves- Woods Hole pier Oil 23 July 1996 (44 years to the day from submission oCtile proposal that ultimately resulted in the shi p's construction) was planned for Institulion personnel, Trustees, past crew members and scientists, and guesls-a day 10 celebrate Atlantis II and its science record. Following the ceremony, the ship was to sai l 10 a sh ipyard in Louisiana for removal of the submersible handling equipment to the new Atlantis, and de­ li very to the new owner. May the blessing from its 1963 chris­ tening ceremony continue to follow Allantis II : "May God bless this ship, and all who sail in her ... May she have calm seas, and blue skies, may the winds be always fair."

July 23, J996 Contents A Brief History .. _...... 2 An Innovative Ship ...... ___ ..... _... _ 5 Crossing The Line .... _..... 10 Leners .. _.. _...... 18 Masters & Chief Scientists .... _...... _ 24

• I 75·Foot Design 195· Foot Design 1I0·Foot (Final) Design R/V Atlantis II, A Brief History

By Captain Robertson P. Dinsmore, Marine Operations Department·

1952-1963 hWaOry of RfV Atlamis fI begi ns 23 JulY 1952 when the Woods "Iole TOceanographic Institution (WHOI) proposed to the Office of Naval Ri'search (ONR) that studies be under· taken "for the development of superior ships for oceanographic research: With the resulting $14,000 gran t, an Advisory Committee was established to undenake predesign engineering studies for a range of vessel sizes to meet the then present and anticipated future requirements for oceanographic research including are· placemG\lt for the 142·foot At/all/is built forWHOI in 1930. The Advisory Com· AflantlJ 1/'5 ked was laid in Baltimore on 181une 1962. mittee comprised Fra ncis Minot. chair· man, WHOI naval architect and recorded attempt to develop a sound "effective" At/antis replacement would be codesigner of the original Allanti5; Ken· engineeri ng approach to the design of about 136 feet and 500 tons, but added neth S.M. Davidson, Stevens insti lllte; research vessels, and it is interesting to "that this represents the smallest ship Herben L. Seward, Ya le University, and note that every subsequent effon of this with which At/antis could be wisely re­ vice president of the Society of Naval sort has adopted these same precepts­ placed.· The report's relatively conserva­ Architects and MOl' especiall y sea· tive approach appears to have been rine Engi neers; and keeping-as para­ driven largely by costs-both construc· Mandell Rosenblatt, mount requ ire. tion and operating- and by the desire to President of M. ments. keep the vessel belm... the size lim it for Rosenblatt & Son, The 111 ·page restrictive inspecti on laws. Naval AJ:hitects. repon described Although its authors failed toloresee The Commillee's four classes of the next decade's unpreceden ted. growth 1953 repon defined vessels ra nging in marine science and engineering. the the fea tures most from 80 feet 10 report marked a milestone in the devel­ essential for oceano· 240 feet. It con­ opment of new research sh ips. It graphic research as: cluded thaI a ves­ prompted ONR to convene a conference seakeeping ability sel of about 185 on new oceanographic ships that re­ (i ncluding maneu· feet at the water· sulted in a design for new Navy research verabili ty), reliabil· line and 1.250 and survey vessels. (The Navy design ity, long range, e(fcc· tons (displace­ 'AUnowed~mmf ; Tht' rHurch assisu.nct' tive noise conlTOI. ment) ·would o(WHOI Volunl«r Harris Wt'Slon, who habitability, ve rsatil · fulfill any ocean rt'Viewcd and summarized Iht' 26 binden Ihat ity, and ample sci· research require­ conlain At/all,is //'1 cruise informalio n, is ence space. ments." It funher glOlU'fully acknowledged. This lexl drew This was the first A·II sponsor Mary Sears christens ttl(> ship. reported that an huvily on his rHeaTch.

Woods Hole Institution

• became Ihe AGO R-3 Class: Collrll(l, Gil/iss, IVllSiringwII, et al.-a lOla I of eleven ships. ) By 1958, additional vessels were being added to the Woods Hole Oceano­ graph ic Institution fleet : the 125- foot ex­ US Coast Guard (USCG) cutter Crawford in 1955, the 189-foot USCG cable layer Yamacmw in 1957, and the 213-fool ex­ Navy sa lvage vessel Chain in 1958. ' 11e experience derived from each of these vessels was to have a profound effect on planning for nE!\V ships, which by this time was hard put to keep pace with the expa nsion of the national oceanographic effort. The recently established National Science Foundation (NSF) was now a strong partner in federal support for oceanography. In 1958 an NSF grant supported a renewed study fo r "the requirements of oceanography at sea. and to develop the essential features and characteristics of superior research ships ... and to apply the resulting studies directly to the neros of the Woods Ii ole Oceanographic Institution.· WHO l's new director, Paul Fye, appointed a Re­ sea rch Vessel Design Committee from the Institution staff to carry out the stud ies. 'I11e group comprised Francis Mi not (chairman), Richard Edwards, J. Brackett Hersey, Capt. John Pike, Francis Richards. All yn Vine, Bostwick ·Buck" Ketchum. William "Gerry- Metcalf, Alfred Wood­ cock, and Capt. C. B. Hart (secretary). Herbert Seward comillued as an advi­ sor. and the finn of M . Rosenblatt & Son was retained as consultants. The 1958- 1959 studies resulted in a definition of AIIIl Il /is /1 is a ll decked oul (o r the launch ceremony at Maryland Shipbuil ding and needs sim ilar to those of 1953, but add i- Drydock Co mpany in Bah imore.

TIle side launching made a big splash .. ... and then the new ship was upright

Arltllllis • i Edition 1996 type fo r the new Navy survey vessels, the ACS-2G Class) , Fo r Institutio n purposes, it was now recognized that a larger vessel than recommended in 1953 was essen· tiaL A study determined that operation of a vessel in excess of 300 gross register tons (CRT-the threshold for Coast Cuard inspection regulations) was fea­ sible. Earlier, this had been assid uously avoided. (Chain was operated. as a Navy­ owned ·Public Vessel" exempt from inspection laws.) In March 1959, the Institution sub­ mitted a proposal to NSF for "'le De­ sign and Construction of a 175-foot Oceanographic Research VesseL· Selec­ tion o f the relatively modest sized ship again was dictated by cost. It was to be 1,040 tons displacement (850 tons CRT), have diesel propulsion. cruise 12 knots with a 7,500-mile range. and ac­ commodate 19 scientists. Special fea­ tures included a bow observation cham­ Lau nch dignitaries included WI-IOrs second Director Columbus Iselin (rear left) ber, a center we ll, a bow thruster, anti­ and Admiral LD. Coates (rear right), and Admiral Coates's aide between the two. roll damping. and low noise levels. Also in the party are, from left, Mrs. Alan Waterman, NSF Director and principal The National Science Foundation, in speaker Alan Wa terman, Mrs. Paul Pye, Ma ry Sears, Mrs. William Jory, Shipyard November 1959, granted S3 million for President William lory, and WHOI Director Paul Pye. the design and construction of the vessel tional requirements were identified to Design CommiUee produced a series of as proposed. The grant required ap, meet the increasing scope of research at designs (11 in all ) concentrating on sizes proval by NSF of the plans. specifica­ sea. 'Inese incl uded: of 140 feet, 175 feet, 185 feet, and 2GG tions, and construction contract. along • a systematic and innovative approach feet. (The latter size was included at the with periodic reviews. Title would be to the naval architecture of research ship request of the Navy and became a proto- vested with WHOI, subjea 10 transfer in design, cases of national • improved rna· emergency. later chinery and pro· conditions added pulsion for oceano­ in 1960 included graphic ships. reversion of title if • a study of govern· the sh ip was not men tal rules and used for basic re­ regulations affect­ sea rch, and NS F ing the construc· approval for dis­ tion and operation posal. of research ships. 1ne work of the • an analysis of WHOI design com­ construction and mittee. and of operating costs. similar groups • a study of special elsewhere. was handling equip· made more press­ ment for scientific ing by the presti­ gea r, and gious National • design studies for Academy of Sci­ tenders and han· ! ences Committee dling arrangements I • ~ on Oceanography's for contemplated The Chowder and Marching Society Band, anchored by Charlie Innis on percussion classic 1959 report, oceanographic and assembled ror many a ship welcoming , had a revolving membership owr the ·Oceanography submarines, ~ars. Here. from right. Allan Faller, Brackett Hersey. and Shirley Hagen, join Charlie to 1960 to 1970," "n}e 1959 Ship herald Ati(lIIcis Ws arrival in Woods Iiole on January 31, 1963. (Colllinued 011 page G)

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

F An Innovative Ship

By Robert Munns on the afterdeck 10 give the most possible usable space for Editor's note: Bob Munns joined the WHO t marine departmem scientific operations o r container labs. There were anti-roll in 1956, lafer worked for physiru/ ocearlographer Rocky Miller tanks, which could be used to reduce the rolling even for about 10 rean:, and returned 10 11,8 Marine Deparlmem when have to, whereas other anti-ro ll devices worked o nly ill the early 1970s. He refired in 1982 followi"g a still( when the ship was moving and could foul the hydrowires as Masler of Atlantis II. over the side. There were also elevators to move heavy tlantis II was quite an innovative ship-many fea­ equipment between the decks, labs, and engine rooms. tures incorporated for the first time when All was l1"le engines chosen were two steam reciprocating A built have since become common in research ves­ Uniflows that were quiet and VE'()' maneuverable except 3t sels. The ship's layout was similar to Chain's, but with ve()' low speeds. The rudders were large. right aft of the enormous improvements in detaiL screws and far apart. so the ship turned unusually quickly; Question­ there was also naires were a bow thruster. given to every­ La.st but not one for ideas least was a fine as to what libra()', much should be built appreciated by into the new many of us. It ship. It must had many have been scientific as quilea job well as general sorting out all books. All of these ideas, our ships were but many of thereafter them were fitted with used. (Even the good libraries. name was Not all of chosen by the the innova­ employees.) tions were Among them successful. One were: quiet that did not machinery for work was the Bob Munns works at Atlantis Irs Nansen bottle rack in 1963 ·silent ship· -center well,­ during the Indian Ocean Expedition. work, a bow through which observation chamber thaI could be pressurized for ex­ it was expected equipment could be lowered from inside changing transducers, '" tie-dawn- fittings placed around the ship. However, the wire would have rubbed against the the decks and labs for fasteni ng down ~uipmenl by bollS sides and destroyed the equipment. and the opening in the rather than welding, electrical ·patch pands- thro ughout bottom of the ship was dangero us. It was soon dosed and the ship so that electrical signals could be sent wherever became a useful Storage space-part of it has long been needed, a control booth about amidships so that the ship used for the laundry. could easily be maneuvered to keep wi res at the angle While it was not built in. Allan/is If was, I believe, the required by scientists, a nd much improved lighting in labs fi rst oceanographic ship to use satellite navigation, loaned and quarters. There was also AC electrical power through­ by the Navy in 1965 for the round-the-world trip. out instead of the customary DC that required converters No ship is perfect, but Atlantis If was my favo ri te. and I for AC equipment. excellent winches located where needed spent much time o n all of the WHO] ships from 1956 to and away fro m living quarters, low thresholds at doorways 1982. so that shins were not constantly being injured, comfort­ Of course. a ship is only complex pieces of metal, ma­ able cabins for most people with plenty of bathrooms, a chinery, and instrumentS. II takes dedicated people to make decent well-equipped hospital. direct internal access be­ it successful-scientists. engineers. deck seamen. and cooks. tween labs. plenty of fresh water made by using waste We have them all, as well as the Port Office people who engi ne heat for evaporation of seawater, and Hush hatches make the whole show run. and gel very little credit for it!

AI/fllltis Edition size rnnges: 500, UOO, and 2,200 tons. 111is repon and its recommen­ dations had a significant influ­ ence o n the fin al design, luring it away from a simple At/an/is replace­ ment to a world­ class. full-service research vessel. A contract fo r design of the new ship was given in March 1960 to the Beth lehem Steel Rudy Scheltema, right, and shipmates Company with the Turner, Grant, and Mi lls prepare fi nn of M. to empty an anchor dredge Rosenblatt & Son o n the first cruise_ as design associate. Even before this then Marine Superintendent. took o n the date, it was recog­ task as Design Committee Qlainnan, Rough seas tesled Atlantis II on ils first cruise. Scientists and nized that the 175- and Jo nathan leiby, who joined the staff crew pull in the sound source known as the ~ do uble-X boomer: foot vessel was 100 in 1959, became the Institution Naval (Conlinued from page 4) small 10 mf'f't rurrent requirements. Architect. These two individuals were to which recommended as a matter of ur­ La rgi'r designs were taken into consider­ have a continuing influence no t only o n gency new, suitably designed, basic ation. With the untimely death of Frnnds the new ship, but on all WHOI vessels fo r oceanogrnph ic research vessels in thret" Minot in March 1960, Richard Edwards. over 30 years to come.. Model tests at Ihe Stevens Institute experimental tank indicated the advis­ ability of increasing the ship's size. Acous­ tic quieting posed a significant problem : Dedicated space needed for the de­ sired noise suppres­ sion in a diesel ship proved excessive. Based on the experi­ ence and leadership of Jonathan leiby, a steam plant in the same size wssel be­ came an attractive alternative, providing more science space and even Quieter operation. By early 1960, the design had become fixed at 210 feet overall, 195 feet at the waterline. and Local residents visit Ar /{lIIri5 II in Nosy Be, Madagascar, in 1965. 2. 110 tons displ

Woods Iiole In ~ lilut ion ment, with steam propulsion and ac­ conllnodations for 25 scientists. At 1,100 tons GRT a ship became subject to USCG inspection, but the Coast Guard advised the growing community of re­ search ship operators that since they were not in commercial trade, the shi ps need not be documented, thereby reliev­ ing them of many regulations incompat­ ible with research ship operations. (As an example, scien tific personnel. being neither crew nor passE'ngE'rs, did not fit the merchant ship mold.) By ea rl y 1961 , the final contract de­ sign was completed and submitted to NSF for approval. UnfonunatE'ly, as the size of a vessel increases, so does its cost. AI the final design stage of21O feet, the estimated cost of the ship was well in excess of the origi nally proposed 175- foot vessel. Fonunately, NSF granted an additional $ 1.75 million in time to receive four shipyard bids (out of 18 yards expressing interest). However, as is so often the case, even the lowest bid was in excess of the funds avai lable, and changes and deletions totalling about $500,000 were made before an agree· ment could be reached. [n September, NSF approved the contract and a $3,876,000 contract was awarded to the Maryland Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Ba[timore, Maryland, with delivery scheduled for December 1962. To assist the Institution during con­ struction, the finn of 1.1 . Henry & Com­ pany, Naval Architects, were employed to review and approve working drawings. Maxwell Silverman, on loan from Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), was appointed WHOI representative at the shipyard. Constructio n of the vessel proceeded smoothly with no sign ificant problems. changes, or delays. KeE'llaying (actually a rather large section) was on 18 lune, and by 8 September 1962, the ship was Top, Fritz Uess makes a highline tra nsfer from USS Hazelwood to AlllArlfij II ready for launching, It had always been for the llrresher sE'arch. BOllom, Bud Knolt rnointors the precision viewed as the replacement for At/mitis, graphic recorder in an A·II lab during the 11rreslrer search. so, by popular acclaim, the new ship was named Atlantis I/. rE'presentatives. Sponsor of the vessE'l CoatE's, Chief of Naval Research. It was a launch day had pleasant weather. The was WHOI biologist Mary Sea rs, ellli­ side launching. down long shipways proximity to Was hington, DC, dre..... n~nt oceanographE'r whose long associa­ usually intendE'd for larger VE'SSeis, and many from the government hierarchy. tion with the Institution b~fi tt ed th~ resulted in a sizablE' splash. A reception The guest list of 220 persons included honor. Principal speakE'r was Alan following th E' launch was hE'ld at the I nstitution staff, Trustees, Corporation WatE' rman, Director or NSF, and well­ Belvidere Hotel in Baltimore. Members, friends, and fE'dE'ral agE' ncy wishes w~re ~xpressE'd by Admiral L D. At the end of 1962, the ship was

At/(llItis 1/, Special Edition

F I ! Emerson Hiller left Chain to become AI/aU/is 11 Master on delivery in 1963. In 1970, when RfV K'IOIT was delivered, he took that ship's helm . He is shown in frOllt of the A-11 bridge, with lohn Hunt and Armas Sture (at wheel) on the bridge during the Black Sea cruise in 1969, and displaying his table tennis prowess aboard Kllorr in 1979.

essentially completed except for testing. 196310 1978 11rreslrer had su nk 220 miles east of Cape trials, and science outfitting. By now the r-ollowi ng a period of outfitting. Cod in 8,000 feet of water. A·1f was Na ti onal Science Foundation had mostly for science, which included sev­ ordered to proceed to the scene to assist awarded S4,832,4OO towa rd the design eral day-long familiarization cruises and in the search. and construction of the vessel. (An addi­ a dedication ceremony, Atlantis II (or "A­ Upon arrival in the area on 12 Ap ril. ti onal and final award for outfitting in Two" as it was to become known) sailed a Navy destroyer from Newport deliv­ June 1963 made the total NS F support on its fi rs t science voyage 21 February ered Wi lliam Dunkle, Wa rren Witzell, an even $5 million.) 1963. The cruise took it to Bermuda and Fritz 1·less, and Syd ney "Bud" Knott to Followinibuilder's trials in Chesa­ back A variety of scientific techniques the ship alo llg with electronic search peake Bay, a WHOt crew was named for were exercised: botto m dredges, bathym­ equipment. A-II joined a fleet of ships Atlantis II . Captain Emerson '·Iiller, etry, photography, reflection profiling. that induded the also·new, Navy·built RfV Chain Master 1960·1962, and Chief plankton tows, and hydrographic sta· R/V Cmlfllli (AGOR-3) from the lamont Engineer Dwight Hamblet took over tions. Geophysicist lohn Re itzel was Geological Observatory (now known as from the shipyard crew, and the ship Chief Scientist, and the scientific party lamont·Doherty Earth Observatory) of sailed from Baltimore on 29 January included Hartley Hoskins and Rudy Columbia University. On 13 April. a 1963 on owner's trials and shakedown. Schehema. Coming o nl y three weeks meeting was held aboard A·II between It is a testimonial to the ship and its aher delivery of the vessel, this cru ise the Navy Force Commander and all construction that these two were com­ doubled as a shakedown voyage. '!"he principals to develop a search plan for bined. There also was cause for hurry; results fed a growing feeling of pride at the missing sub. Bud Knott o n A·II, a the ship had a US commitment to the Woods Hole that this was, perhaps, the navigation and boltom imagery expert, International Indian Ocean Expedition finest research vessel then afloat. was appointed technical consultant. scheduled tlstart in 1963. In addition to C.lptain Hiller and A systematic search ensued and occu· Atlantis II arrived at Woods Hole on Chief Engi neer Hamblet, the ship's crew vied the ship fo r the next fou r cruises, I February 1963 following an unevelll· included Mike Palmit'ri, Third Mate; through 17 lune. Stan ing with precision ful voyage from Baltimore, and on the lohn Whebble, First Engineer; R.ly Ri oux. bathymetry, then moving to boltom same day was delivered formall y to the Second Engineer; John Bizzozero, Third photography and dredging. A·lI col· Institution. This was the culminati on of Assistant; Paul Howland, Able Sea man; leoed the first photographic evidence of ten years of planning. design, and con­ and Alden Cook, Rl\dio Officer. the sub's remains, and on 24 May struction to produce one of the finest The second voyage, which departed 5 dredged up the first items to positively research vessels then afloat. It marked April. was intended to be a rou tine bioi· ascertain the location. For its work in the the beginning of a 34 -year history of ogy cruise in the Gulf of Maine with Nat search, A-II received a commendation, oceanograph ic research that includes Corwin as Chief Scientist. Other scien· and Bud Knott was given the Navy's steaming 1,006,912 Ill iles in all oceans ti sts included Ralph Vaccaro, David Distingu ished Service Awa rd. of the world and visiting 11 2 ports in 78 Menzel, and Richa rd Dugdak ·nle cru ise Petformance of the shi p duri ng its countries. was interrupted o n 10 Ap ril with the first six months was considered highly n{'\\IS thai the nuclea r submarine satisfactory. The increase in size during

Woods Institution

F the final design phase resulted in a de­ crease in speed to II knots from the intended 12.5 knots, and the bow shape (built to accommodate a viewing cham­ ber) contributed to pounding forward and a somewhat lively motion. During the Mguarante.e. dry dockingMin Ju ne., the rol li ng chocks were extended from 18 to 30 inches. 111is and additional topside scientific equipment improved the ship's sea motions considerably. On 5 Jul y, A-II set sai l on its first long voyage. 1ne route of the cruise was to Gibra ltar, through the Mediterranean and Red Seas, across the Indian Ocean as pan of the Intemationallndian Ocean Expedition, back around the Cape of Good Hope. and returning nonh through the Atlantic. Pons of call in­ In February 1964, a 40-foot Atl antic wave broke se\-'t'ral pilot house windows cluded Ceuta, Spain (Spanish Morocco); and also sent the forward porthole glass from the Chief Scientist's cabin Monte Carl o, Monaco; Pon Sa id, Egypt; through a bulkhead into the next cabin. Bombay, India; Zanzibar, Tanzania; Capetown, South Afri ca; St. Helena Woods Hole on 14 November, having arising in the compliance by larger ves­ Island; and Bridgetown, Barbados. Chief cruised 298 days and 49, 140 miles. sels with federal inspection and crewing Scientists included Anhur MRockyM Chief Scienlists we re Rocky Miller, Nick laws. Earlier interpretations that ·un­ Miller, Columbus Iselin, and Paul Fye. Fofonoff, Henry Stomme.i, Va l documented" vessels (those not engag­ In 1964, Atlantis 11 remained in the Wonhington, Jess Stanbrough, and Paul ing in trade and commerce) were ex­ Atlantic Ocean making a series of fi ve Fye. lne results of this circumnavigation empt from many rules proved mislead­ voyages between Newfoundland, the well justified the size increase during the ing. Scientists were considered by the Azores, Brazil. and tile Caribbean. Chief design stage: A-II was indeed a global Coast Guard to be either passengers or Scientists included Va l Wonhington research vessel. crew. If the former, the ships became (physical oceanography); Earl Hays By this time, serious problems were (Continued on page 12) (geophysics); Richard Backus, David Menzel, Howard Sa nders, and George Grice (biology). An unusual event oc­ rurred on 18 February while steaming midway between Bermuda and the Azores-the ship was hit by a freak 40- foot wave. The pilot house windows and forward bulkhead were stove in and there was damage to forward booms and frames and electrical equipment . TIuee people suffered cuts and bruises. A·II returned to woods Hole, where repairs were quickly effected. On the leg follow­ ing. the ship suffered minor damage when it encountered field ice off New­ foundland and required shipyard repairs on returning. Atlantis II depaned 21 Janua ry 1965 on a world cirding voyage with ports of call at Ceuta, Spain; Pon Said, Egypt; Bombay, India; Nosy Be, Madagascar; Diego Garcia Island, Chagos Archi­ pelago; Durban, South Africa; Freemantle., Australia; Man ila, Philip­ pines; Tokyo, Japan; San Diego, US; For a Tokyo open house during the 1965 round the wo rld cruise, Balboa, Panama; and returning 10 Atlantis /I sported iu name in Japanese.

Atlantis II, Special Edition , , ' tlrlor's Note: '. A few yelll'J ago, £• :we thOllgllt it might be fun /0 do a fea­ ture for Oceanus maga­ zine on equator crossirlg ceremonies. We soliciud photographs from the WHOT community, and Emerson Hiller; who served as Masler on several W HOI ships, responded nor only wilh pl,otos but also with a narrative on croning rI,e line. Mi n case )'OU have nor been Jorttmare enough to cross the EqUlltor on a WHOI ship, • he wrote, -)'011 should have some background info on how we organized the operation!· "The illea was 10 proville a break in rhe rotlline ... • and give MevcT)'O/1e a chance to leI their hair dawrl and have some fun-let the crew mix il up with the scientists and 5110W the dcdi­ Polliwog Nan Ga lbraith ~ ki sS('5 the baby's belly" on a 1979 equator crossing. Ri ch cnted scilmtists there wa$ something in Uanl ey is the Indian. Bob Baker spons the mop. and the baby is Millard Klinke. life beside copep0d5 and plankton! -Most Chief Scienfisu cooperated fully hI ceTtificates-Eqlllllor Crossing. Arctic By Emerson Hiller tile preparations for the big event {trld fountl Circle. 180th Meridian, even Rounding • nee we got to sea, we began a few hours of recrelllion in a long lIOyage Cape Hom Certificales. • • by checking the list of those actually paid big dividends in the coopera­ We "ever mmlilged to gel the fearure ~~: aboard to separate the neo­ tion of the crew and sciemisL5. logether for the magaz.i"e, so we offer it phytes rrom the veterans-the Polliwogs ·Before 5tliling I always checked in wim Ilere, complele witll piCtUft!5 of Atlantis II rrom the ShelJbacks-and chose a nalUral Charlie Innis {head of Graphic Service5/ ceremmlies and Hiller's Wirwie-tlle­ leader ror each group to organi ze their and explained what we neet/ed jn II,e way of Poollesque capita liullion! part ohhe program. I got all the Polli­ wogs together and explained the impor­ tance or the Crossing Ceremony in assUT­ ing that once the ship entered the Do­ main or King Neptune the Scientific Work would proceed smoothly-no wires in the wheel. lost dredges, and 50 fort h. We had to prepare to enter the real m of Davey Jones and company, else we'd never get across the Line without mishap! l h e Po lliwogs were instructed to design and wear original costumes ror lhe Day and be prepared to perform skits o r other entertainmenl ror the King and His Royal Pany. who would most cenainly come on board and take over the ship as we crossed Ihe Li ne. The Shellbacks, in turn, had to pro· vide The Royal Fa mily and all its aC(Qu­ tennents: King Neptune, Queen, Royal A bright ye llow robot wo n the COSLUme prize ror 3 1968 line crossing ceremony. Baby. Scribe. Davy Jones, Bench of Royal

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Judges, Royal Chaplain, Royal Musicians, Royal Barber, Royal Chef, Royal lailers­ and anything else we could think of. We even had a Royal Photographer and sometimes made a movie of the Cer­ emony. Anyone who wished to actively participate was given a Royal Title and put on the agenda! Of course. the Polli­ wogs had no choice. We typed up a Sequence of Events timed to the minute to make certain everyone knew their parts and where they should be at all times. (You can understand why we needed a copy ma­ Polliwogs sing out for crossing the line in 1979. chineon board!) For a week or ten days before the Big Event, behind most any dosed door you opened you'd find a couple of Polliwogs (off wa tch), practicing their parts or making exotic costumes. -Ille carpenter shop was occupied round the clock with talented Shellbacks making swords and daggers, long white hair for the judges out of deck mops, '111 e Sca le of Justice for the Royal Court, etc. On one trip, when we were working nea r the Equator, some of us went out in the rubber boat early in the morning A hefty chorus line perfomled for a 1965 equator crossing. and made a line two or three miles long with green dye. Later, the Polliwog sent file to be judged by the Royal Court, pay perform half hour's worth of entertain­ to the crow's nest to be on the lookout homage to the Royal Family, and kiss the ment. We had some really talented Polli­ for the Equator sighted the green line Royal Baby's belly (smeared with all wogs over the years, and they gave some and shouted, "TIlere it is! There it is!" sons of delightful substances!) \'Vhen all great shows. We planned the Day's events for a were assembled aft. the Royal Scribe To cap ofT the Events, the Steward put convenient time between stations, usu­ would read the charges on each Polli­ on a cookout. and a great time was had all y the middle of the afternoon. The wog. the Royal Chaplain would give a by all. (We seemed to always have warm Polliwogs were herded on the foredeck, blessing and plead for clemency, and the weather when we crossed the Line!) By the Royal Party took their places, and Royal Court would an nounce the ve r­ the time we started to eat. we were often Davy Jones came on board and hoisted dict-always Cuilty (the scales were on the next station, and every one the Skull and Crossbones on the Jack weighted agai nst the poor Polliwog) . helped to get it done-with none of the Staff. The Polliwogs were sent aft si ngle ,11e penalty required the Polliwog to scientists' valuable time lost!

Stan Watson, left, and Eddie Pierce escort a hapless Polliwog A 19G8 court included Dwiglll Hamblet, left, during a 1964 ceremony. and John Cab ral, right. L AI/antis II, Edition 1996 TIle 1965 annual report cover featured Atlanlis II's round the world adventure.

(Continued from page 9) passenger vessels, and, if the latter. the members of the science party were re­ qui red 10 have seaman's papers. Either way, it was becoming intolerable. Relief CIme in the fonn ofthe US Congress's · Oceanographic Vessels Act,· brought about by understanding and sympa­ thetic fri ends of ocea nography. This act crea ted a new class of ·Oceanographic Resea rch Vessels· and recognized scien­ tific personnel as a special categol)'. This legislation was 10 have profound effects on all future research vessels. Thirteen cruises in 1966 were mosll y sha n ones in the North Atlantic except for one multidisci plinal)' voyage calli ng al Dakar, Senegal, and Buenos Aires, Argentina. ChiefScienlists were Nick Fofonoff, Gerl)' Ml'tcalf, Rud y Schehema, Howard Sand l'TS, and Buck Ket chum. During Voyage #22 while Vice President Hubert Uumphrcy holds a Nansen boule during his 1967 relUrning from Sa n Ju an in August 1966, hands-on introduction to oceanography aboard AIlflll/is II. A-II rode out Hurricane Alma ofT Cape

Woods Institution • Iialte: ras, spe:nding time: dire:ctly in the eye: of the: storm. Of note: we:re: the: E':Xcep· tionally high irre:gular wave:s in th e: eye: and the: horde:s of birds that alighte:d on th e: ship. A PDp·S compute:r was in· stalled that ye:ar o n Atlamis /I for at·se:a data proce:ssing. The: ye:a r 1967 starte:d with a major biology/gwlogy cru ise: in the: E':quatorial Atlantic reaching as far as the Ivory Coast, then transiting to the North and Baltic Se:as for coope:rati ve work with NAW ships. In July, marking the intense national intere:st in the growing field of oceanography, Vice Pre:s ident Hulx:n Humphrey visited the Institution; along with the governors of Maine and New Hampshire: and other officials, Bob Millard boards the ship for a 1968 cruise. Humphrey made: a two·day cruise o n A· /I to the Gulf of Maine for demonstra· tions of a full range of oceanographic procedures. Ne:ediess to say, Cruise '33, though short, was a showcase: event. Theycar 1968 brought a return to North Africa, foll owed by work off the east coast and a biology cruise in the Gu lf of Mexico. The first half of 1969 found the ship tra nsiting 10 the Medi terranean and on into the Black Se:a with calls at Istanbul, Tu rkey, and Novorossiys k. Russia, for work with Turkish and Soviet scientists on chiefly che:m istry and biology investi· gations. A \VE': II -known National Geo­ graphic photograph shows A-11 in the Black Se:a with the Caucasus Mountains in the background. During the second half of the ye:ar, a geophysics cruise took the ship through the Panama Canal to the East Pacific Ri se. and there was addi­ Arlmllis II called in Yalta during the 1969 Black Sea Cruise. tional work off the west coast of South America. Chief Scientists we re Richard Von 1-i e:rU':n and Carl Bowin. In 1970, followingscve:rallocal and Caribbean cruise:s, A-11 sa il ed in Jun e: on a six-month voyage:. Most of the geologi­ cal and biological work was conce: n­ lra ted in the we:stern Me:dite:rrane:an, and Ih e: ship retume:d via the: we:s t coast of Afri ca and the: Mid-Atlantic Ridge for biological studie:s. Chief Scientists in­ d uded Va ughan Bowen, Gerry Metcalf, Ge:o rge: Grice:, John Ryther, and Richard Backus. Another long voyage began in Ja nuary 197 1. During seven months in the South Atlan ti c, the ship ca ll e:d at Montevideo, Uruguay; Cape: Town, South Africa; 11\e ship cnlises regally in the Black Sea with the Caucasus Mountains as backdrop.

Atlal/tis II, Special Edition Newsletter,July 23, 1996 Captain Babbitt and Chief Sdentlst Uchupl, seated in chain left and right. pose" with the A.tlantis II crew during a 1973 cruise for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration.

Luanda, Angola; Montego Bay, Jamaica; crossed the South Atla ntic to investigate Lisbon, Ponugal. From there, three and San Ju an, Pueno Rico. Science com­ Antarctic Bottom Wa ter with Roben cruises out of the Azores were devoted to menced with physical oceanography, Knox as Chief Scientist. The remainder Mid-Atlantic Ridge crest surveys, fo l­ then moved to biology and chemistry, of the year was given over to shon lowed by a return to the Cari bbean Sea and ended wi th geology. The remainder cruises out or Woods Hole for buoy for chemical oceanography unde.r Fred of the year was Sayles and Hugh Livingston. The last given to shon cruise in 1973 is notewonhy in that the local cruises, newly emerging -Law of the Sea- was chiefly buoy catching up with research vessels. In moorings and earlier days, research vessels could sail biological studies. and work in vi nually all lhe wo rl d TIle latter included ocean, encountering lillie difficulty in bird tracking un­ other nations' territorial wa ters, then der lohn Teal's defined as a three-mile zone. By the direction. early 1970s, national claims were ex­ In 1972 A-If tending out to 200 miles and included began a series of the entire continental shelf. This meant geophysical cruises tha t almost 36 percent of the world to map the sub­ ocea n fe.1I into some nation's territorial bottom stratigra­ claims. Work in these waters required phy of the West perm ission and often resulted in suspi­ African shelf. This cion, obligations, delays, frus tration, and project. under the even hostility. A December J 973 A-I/ direction of K.o. Herbert Babbit was A-II Master from 1970 to 1975. cruise to the Cariaco Trench with Holger Emery, extended from the lip of South moorings, biology, and a geology cruise lannasch as Chief Scientist was an earl y Arrica to Morocco over a several-year to the Azores and back under the direc­ example. This area is of special and period. Chief Scientists included Elazar ti on of Wi lfred -IJiW Bryan. unique interest due to its anaerobic -A I- Uchupi, David Ross, John Milliman, l"he African Margin cruises continued bottom water. Ve nezuela gra nted permis­ Carl Bowin, and Joseph Phillips. 11le in the first half of 1973 with calls at sion to work in this previously -open­ return cruise to Woods Hole in luly Monrovia, Liberia; Dakar, Senegal; and ocea nic area, but then revoked it and

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution • Bowin, James I-Jeinzler, and George Tupper. The physical oceanography leg under Bruce Wa rren from Mauritius to Po rt Hedland, Australia, against prevail­ ing winds and current raised fears that the ship might run out of fuel before it made landfall. Plans were initiated but not needed, for engaging a tug to bring the ship to port. This became a factor in subsequent consideration for converting to diesel power. Leaving the Indian Ocean in r-ebruary 1977 following calls at Goa, India, and Karachi, Pakistan, and recovery of instru­ mented moorings set earlier, A·II worked in the Persian Culf under Werner Deuser, Peter Brewer, and David Ross. Again science was curtailed, this time because of denial of pennission to work in Iraq's territorial ,vaters. Returning via the Red Sea and the Culf of Aqaba, the Elaza r Uchupi, left, and Bob Ballard take time for a chat in the A-II lab during a 1975 cru ise. Suez Ca nal transit in this sensitive pe­ ord ered A-U to depan with no reason Mid-Atlantic and Walvis Rid ges for Chief ri od resulted in frustrating delays. r-ol­ given. New requests proved fruitless, and Scientists Henry Dick and GeoffThomp­ lowing work in the Mediterranean fo r valuable science was lost. This ushered son with Thanksgiving at sea. John the International Atomic Energy Organi­ in a new era in which research d ear­ Farrington was Chief Scientist for a Cape zation (IAfA) with Dan Elder (IA EA) as ances have become big business and a Town 10 CapeTown leg for organic Chief Scientist and a call at Valletta, way ofHfe in planning research cruises. geochemistry and In 1974 following a shon cruise to microbiological measure the effects of hydrocarbons in studies-and coastal sedi ments, A-II embarked on a Christmas and five-month Equatorial AtJanlic voyage, New Year's at sea, first off the African shelf as a part of the Fred Sayles fo l­ Internati onal Coastal Upwelling Ecosys­ lowed as Chief tems Analysis (CUEA) program under Scientist for Richard Barber (Duke University) and geochemical work Richard Dugdale (University of Wash­ Mas far south as ice ington). lhis was followed by the Inter­ permits, Ma ccord­ national Global Atmospheric Experi­ ing to the cruise ment (GATE), with Eli Katz as Chief letter. A-ll then Scientist, which took the ship to Brazil worked all the rest K.O. Emery, left, did extensive work on the west African before returning home to Woods Hole. of 1976 in the shelf in the early to mid 19705. Here he talks with The remainder of the year ,vas spent Indian Ocean with Art Baggeroer (Mfr) in theA-II lab in 1975. worki ng in and out of Bennuda on calls at Durban, geochemical, chemical, and biological South Africa; Port studies with Geoffrey Thompson, John louis, Mauritius; Farrington, John Teal, and Peter Wiebe Mombasa, Kenya; as Chief Scientists. October marked the Pon Hedland and first use of the multiple opening-dosing Darwin, Australia; trawl nets with environmental sensing Ujungpandang. system (the MOCNESS), which has Indonesia; and become an important tool for biological Singapore. Chief oceanographers. Scientists were In October 1975AIlantis fI sailed on Hartley Hoski ns, what was to become the longest voyage Elizabeth MBeltyM ! (in miles cruised) of any Institution Bunce, Ja mes f vessel. Early legs we re devoted 10 geo­ Luyten, Bruce Retty Bunce, ri ght, and Ja ck Connell check equipment physical and geological work al ong the Warren, Carl aboard A-II in 19 77.

AI/(llItil Edition Malta, the passage across the Atlantic under Edward Scheer included magnetic surveys and wa ter column measu re­ ments. A tu multuous welcome awaited the ship's arrival in home port after its 573-day, SO,OOO-mile cruise. Some 187 participating scientists represented 30 US and foreign laboratories during Ihis landmark voyage. Less than three weeks later, the ship sailed to study turbidity currents and heal flow on the Iceland Rise under David Johnson and Charles Denham. The remaining four mOlllhs of 1977 was given over to seismics, gravity, and bathymetry of Mid-Atlantic Ridge frac­ ture zones. Chief Scientists were AI Uchupi, Betty Bunce, and Mike Purdy. Late in the year while returning to j Woods Hole, Allanri5 11 answered a radio i distress call from a Costa Rica n fre ighter Dave Casiles was Atlantis 11 Master fro m 1975 to 1981. reponed sinking nearby, about 350 miles off Cape Hatteras. All eleven crew sea per year with few breakdowns. Th is voyages. Additionally, licensed engineers members were rescued in good condi­ pace. however, was taking ilS toll on the needed for a steam plant were becoming tion and brought to Woods Hole. steam plant. Boiler tubes needed fre­ more difficult to find. Finally, the re­ In 1978 the first three months were quent replacement due to low pressure quirements for'quiet operation were occupied with geological and geophysical oxygenation, and the fi reboxes were in proving less demanding than ori ginall y investigations ofthe Caribbean Sea with need of costly major rebuild ing. Fu nher­ thought. In short, diesel power was be­ AI Uchupi, John Ewi ng.. and Susumu more, the cost differential of bunker oil coming more attractive and, toward that Honjo as Chief Scientists, followed by vs. diesel fue l was becoming less favor­ end, in March 1978, the National Sci­ short coastal chemical and mooring able, and fewer fueling ports we re avail­ ence Foundation funded a study to ex­ cruises. In July the ship sailed to Scotland able. The relatively short endurance amine the feasibili ty of converting the for the International Joint Air-Sea Interac· because of high fuel consumption was ship to diesel power. tion Project (JASlN) and worked with 13 proving a disadvantage duri ng long other research 1978 to 1984 ships, mostly Euro­ Bymid· 1978, pean, in the North studies indicated Atlantic-North Sea that, from the program. standpoints of Melbourne Briscoe structure and sta­ aboard A·Il was the bil ity, removal of US coordinator. the steam plant The remainder of and replacement the year included with diesel engines short coastal was feasible. With cruises fo r the US the Navy's agree· Geological Survey ment to supply and Brookhaven surplus engines, a National Labora­ proposal was sub­ tory. mitted to the Na­ In 1978 Atlanti5 tional Science II completed 15 Foundation for years of service. support of the having steamed conversion. In 590, 127 miles in October 19 78, an all oceans ofthe NSF grant was world, and aver­ received and aged 273 days al A sign on the WHOI port offi ce celebrates the long 1975-1977 voyage. th rough ONR two

Woods Hole new EMD-567 engines (originally in­ tended for a Navy landing ship that was never built) were deli vered to Woods Hole. Planning continued throughout the fall and bid speci fi cations were pro· mulgated in December. ]:rom bids reo ceived, a contract was issued to Sanchez Marine of New Bedford, Massachusetts, for the work. and the ship was towed on ]6 lanuary 19 79 to the Sanchez yard at ]:all River. Conversion included removal of the boilers, steam engines, and ge nera­ tors and installation ofthe main diesels and gear boxes, diesel generators, heating boil ers, and associated auxiliary machin­ ery and piping. n,is was completed by 23 June, when the ship proceeded by its j own (new) power to a Jersey City dry a dock. The ship returned 10 August to f Woods Hole. where oUlfining and trials AIl steams into Woods Hole in 1977 after 583 days away from home port. followed through September. The exteri or configuration of the ship did nOt change significantly, but inside the removal of the boilers provided more lab and storage space, and accom­ modated a new machine shop. Perfor­ mance was markedly enhanced: Speed increased from 10.5 to 12.5 knots; cruis· ing range rose from 8,000 to 15,000 mi les; and the noise levels we re not significantly changed. An effective ar· range ment was installation of DC gen· erato rs (removed from the retired RfV Chain) drive n off the gear boxes to power the trawl winch and bow thruster. 1'hese units became available for imme­ diate operation without having to start up generators as in the past. Finally, the crew size was reduced by three, which also reduced operating costs and in­ creased the science complement. Total Johnny Bizzozero checks the feed pump in the steam engine's boiler room. cost of the conversion, excl usive of Navy-furnished engines, was.s 1.4 mil­ lion, of which NSF provided $1.3 mil­ lion and ONR $100,000. Following testing and trials with its new propulsion system, Atlantis II sailed 9 October 1979 on an extended voyage to the South Adamic on physical ocean­ ography investigations, calling at Fortaleza, Brazil; Mar del Plata, Arge n· tina; and Punta Arenas, Chite. Chief Scientists were Henry Stommel, Nelson Hogg. and Arnold Gordo n (Lamont­ Doherty Geological Observatory). In earl y 1980, with Worth Nowlin (Texas A&M Universi ty) as Chief Scien­ (Com ;nllcd (m page 19) Tugs take Arlmllis 11 out of Woods Hole for diesel installation in a New Bedford ya rd.

Atlillltis II, Edi tion 1996 .------, 'H, ~::!~__... .. N_------_~.:.:::::-' ~==-

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'"

A Sampling of Atlantis II Commendation Letters

M[ wish ... lO congratulate ... lht' able crews and renowned "It is with great pleasure that I acknowledge the out­ scientists of Atlantis II for their unfailing service, historic standing history of the Research Vessel Atlantis II on the discoveries, and superior scientific achievements. occasion of her retirement. She has truly been one of our The Depanment of the Navy fully recognizes thaI for nation's foremost oceanographic research ships. 111e re­ over thirty years the Allantis 11 has been the benchmark for search conducted aboard Atlantis /I has been instrumental advancing both naval and academic marine science and for in achieving and maintaining our nations's excellence in providing unsurpassed deep submergence research. We are the field of oceanography. particularly thankful for the ra pid responses of At/ami.! If Of course the utility of the instrumelll is only apparent and the Alvin to the Navy's deep sea emergencies. We are in the hands of skilled technicians. Thus, the exceptional also deeply indebted for the many scientific discoveries that record of the RjV Atlantis II is a reflection of the endeavors stemmed from Allantis 11 research cruises. She has paved a of talellled crew, technicians and scientists from the Woods fine path for her reptacemf'nl, the Atlantis, to follow.· Hole Oceanographic Institution and around the Marc Pela ez. Rear Admiral, USN, Ch ief of Naval Research globe. , .. the Atlantis 11 now joins Fearn , Challenger, and , , , Meteor among the legendary workhorses of ocean science.· "It's a pleasure to acknowledge the extraordinary role Gerry E. Studds, Corlgressman, Tenth District, Massachusetts that the Atlantis 1/ has played in oceanographic science. My , , , perspective on the Atlanli5 fl comes as bOlh an oceanogra­ ·When I spent my sabbatical year from Harvard at pher with three long cruises on board (including my firs t WHO I in 1968-69, I wanted to learn about buoy opera­ equator crossing) and as Chair of the University-National tions for work with deep sea pressure gauges. I spent a lot Oceanographic Laboratory System (UN015) .... this ship of time with Bob Heinmiller learning about acoustic re­ has had an unequaled career that exemplifies the role of a leases, and went out on a buoy cruise on the A-II with Bob UN015 research vessel ... l11e Atlantis II has carried more and Va l Wonhington. l'he weather was typical for Nonh­ scientists to the ocean than any other active vessel in the east winter, but we were able to accomplish everything we UN015 fleeL" planned because of the seawonhiness of the ship.· Kennelh S. Johnson, UNOLS Chair D. James Baker, The Under SecreUlI)' for Oceam and , , , Atmosphere, US Depanmenl of Commerce "T'he contributions of Allantis 1/ to our understanding of , , , the maritime environment have been truly phenomenal. "Lieutenant Governor Cellucci and I are pleased to join Thousands of scientists from around the worl d have you and the staff at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Insti­ walked her decks and data collected duri ng her many voy­ tution in commemorating the outstanding service of the ages have been used to unlock mysteries in every branch of Atlantis II as this fi ne ship is taken out of servicE' .. .. WE' science-from astronomy to zoology: appreciate WHOi's continued commitment to sciE'ntific Paul G. Gaffney fl, Rear Admiral. U.S. Navy Commander, discovery, and we look forward to a new era in sE'a-going Naval Meteorology and Oce(mograpllY Command research with the launch of the RfV Atlantis. · William F. Weld, Governor, The Commonwealth of Massac/IUselts

Woods Hole Institution (Confinued from page J 7) tist, the ship made two cruises into the Drake Passage and Southern Ocean. Swi tdling from physical oceanography to geology, geophysics, and petrology under Henry Dick. the ship worked across to Cape Town, and then back to Rio De Janeiro for geological and geochemical investigations with Susa n Humphris as Chief Scienlist. Following physical oceanography studies and ex­ tensive coring 0(( South America with Nelson Hogg and Dave Johnson as Chief Scientists, the ship agai n headed south for additional work in the Drake Passage with ChiefScientiSI Michael McCartney before returning to Woods Hole at year's end. In 1981, the ship worked its way to Vo lunteer Ted Fitts observes marine life A· I1 is high and dry in 1983 for A-frame Panama and into the Pacific Ocean on in the A-II bow chamber. and SeaBeam IIansducer installation. chemical, geological, and geophysical investigations with Chief Scienti sts John missions. At the same time, the need to dling system, most nearl y met the re o $dater (Massachusetts Institute of Tech . provide improved Alvin support facilities quirements set. The decision to convert nology-Mrf), James Broda, Susumu was under serious consideration. ,11e A·fJ for Alvin support was not without Honjo, Robert Cagosian, and Fred existing Alvin tender, the lOS-foot cata­ opposition by non-Alvin users, who Sayles. Returning to Woods Hole in May, maran Lulu, was proving too small, slow, decried the loss of a superior Atlantis II sai led again in lune fo r studies and inadequate for the more distant, multidiscipline research vessel. A com­ of the North Adantic circulation and the intensive work scientists were request­ promise was struck by maintaining the biology of warm core CulfStream rings. ing. A joint study by the sub's support ship's general purpose capability for use Ch ief Scientists were Carl Wunsch agencies, NSF, ONI{. and the National when and if needed, up to 50 percent of (Mrr), HenryStommel, Dean Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra­ service time. Roemm ich, and Peter Wiebe. tion (NOM), set mission requirements Conversion design was done in-house In 1982 the ship entered an extended for a sui table support vessel and exam ­ by WI-IOI Naval Architect Jonathan maintenance period to com plete a "mid­ ined available alternatives. nle study Leiby and induded modifying the life" refit started in 1979, but curtailed funher found that Atlantis /I, if suitably deckhouse for a submersible hangar, due to funding and the press of science equi pped with an over-the-stern han- installation of a stern A-frame. a new

! '------', Illustration shows the swath of the Chief l{ay Rioux, left, and Johnny Martin take a break from the engine room. SeaBeam system.

At/ant;s II, 23, 1996 from right, Jim Broda, Harlow Farmer, and Julie Milligan launch Allan/if II Tests in Woods Hole harbor along wi th a gr-avity corer on a 1980 A·II cruise. Oaunus in October 1979.

and relocated crane, a more powerful lics and a two·stage lift with ro ll and other mid-life refit items totaling about bow thruster. and accommodations for pitch damping. S2 million were also proposed to NSF. Alvin shops and stores. A key item was A proposal for the handling system lhe latter included the installation of a tht"' A·frame for launching and rt"'trieving was submitted to NSF. ONR. and NOAA multi·beam precision echo-sounding the submt"'rsible. Several cxisting and in early 1982 and estimated at $2 m il· system (SeaBeam). Following approval proposed systems we re examined, and lion, including modification to Alvin for and awards by the fed eral agencies, work the design by Caley Hydraulics of the A-frame lift system (Lulu li fted the slaned in mid 1982, and was mostly Glasgow, Scotland, was chosen. This was sub from below on an elevator). Addi ­ accomplished at the Institution pier. a proven system with redundant hydrau- tional maintenance. rehab, crane, and In Ju ne 1983 Allaruis II went to BOSlon for dry.docking and installation of the A· frame and SeaBeam transducers. lbe ship re turned to Woods Hole in the fall of 1983, and the conversion was completed at the Institution pier by year's end. The major change to the ship other than the installation of submersible handling equipment was the conversion of several fOlWard fuel tanks to ballast tanks to compensate for the weight added aft. lhis reduced the cruising range to 9,000 miles, but lab space, storage, and a(com­ modations remained intact. For submersible operations, it was the dawn of a new era. At/antis II was now able to launch the submersible in higher sea states than Lulu and had twice the speed, four times the range. three times the sci· ence complement in good accommoda· tions, and better labs. These improvements would lea\'e their mark on deep submer­ Buoys and mooring flotation adonl the fantai l during the 1':178 jASIN Project. ge nce science over the next 13 yea rs.

Woods Hole i Institution

F A cheerful science part)' comes home to Woods Hole in the summer of 1981 . 1984 to 1996 of seafl oor plate boundaries. hydrother­ working off the Grand Banks of New­ Atlantis II sailed from Woods Hole 24 mal vents, seamounts. and submarine foundland, along the Mid-Adamic January 1984 on its first post-conversion volcanoes. 'lhe SeaBeam system was now Ridge,.where new hydrothermal vents voyage,. stopping at Charleston, South operational and contributed greatly to were found, and in coastal submarine Caroli na, for system trials, then proceed. the ship's capability. This precision canyon waters. Notable that year was the ing to the Bahamas and on to the Gulf of swath bottom mapping system was a Jul y cruise to the wreck of RMS Titanic, Mexico. The sh ip supported Alvin dives in peacetime application of military hard­ discovered in September 1985 from RfV each area, chiefly for investigations of wa re. A-lI was o nl y the third civilian Knr»T by the Institution's new towed bottom structures and biocommunities. research vessel in the world to carry it. imaging system, Argo, developed by Bob At this time,. Captain Reuben Baker was Atlantis II and Alvin spent the first ten Ballard and WI'IOI's Deep Submergence regular Master and John Bizzozero was months of 1986 in the North Atlantic Laboratory. Twelve Alvin dives we re Chief Engineer. Transiting the Panama made 10 the wreck to continue engineer­ Canal, A-II with A/vin worked first off the ing tests and photographic documenta­ Coast of Mexico, then off the California tion begun in 1985, including the first and Oregon coasts for geological and at-sea trials of the Insti tution's new pro­ biological studies on the East Pacific Rise. totype remotely operated vehicle (ROV), The ship finished the year in San Diego lQ.5()n Jr. lhe Tilimic work, importanl to (which was to become a ·home-away­ the development of deep-sea robotic from-home"), with a first-year record as and imaging systems using fiber-optic A/vin tender of 18 cruises, 174 Alvin cables, caught worldwide media and dives, and 24 Chief Sc.ientists. These public allemion, wh ich thrust the figures, which far exceed previous A/vin woods Hole Oceanographic Institution records, show clearly the effectiveness into a new era of public visibility. Fol­ that Atlantis 1/ brought to the deep sub­ lowing the Nonh Atlantic work. A-II mergence program. In this mode, the headed for the Pacific and dives in the Chief Scientists' names are too numerous Panama Basin, along the Mexican coast, to recount, but they are listed on page 24 . and on the California Escarpment. In 1985,1\-1/ remained mostly in the In 1987, staning from San Diego, the Pacific. supporting investigations off ship transited to Hawaii and on to California. Central America, the Guam, Saipan, and Japan for Alvin's first Cah~pagos Islands, and in the Sea of Reuben Baker was the ship's Master work in the western Pacific. TIle geologi­ Cortez. '''e year's work included studies from 1983-1989. cal and geochemical work included Alvin

Atlantis II, Edition Newsletter,

F dives in !roughs, along island arcs, and on seamounts. These were landmark effons that cOlllributed greatly to the science and natural history of the Pacific Rim . During a port ca tl at Tokyo, thou­ sands of Japanese scientists and govern­ ment officials visited the ship, induding then Crown Prince (now Emperor) Akihi to. Mari ne biological samples col­ leoed from the ship were presented by Director John Steele and a scientific delegation to Emperor Hirohito, a re­ spected marine biologist. Transiting back to the Oregon Coast, A-ll wo rked on Eastern Pacific ridges and in basins and completed the year at San Diego. lhe year 1988 brought a new work record-19 cruises and 200 Alvin dives with 29 Chief Scientists. Work was off the Ca lifornia and Oregon coasts, in the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California), and on the East Pacific Rise and Galapagos Ar/a/Hij II beca me Ahlin's tender in 1984. Rift with return to Woods Hole at year's end. That year also brought a brush with ships, not only at Woods Hole, but for Atlantic algal bloom project. the law when, during a routine customs all 26 shi ps in the U.S. academic fleet. From 1990 until WHOI retirement in inspection, a trace of marijuana was Arlallfis II remained in the Atlantic 1996, AtInmis II conti nued its hard­ discovered in a crewperson's effects. during 1989, reaching as far north as working pace, with a majority of the Under the then-rigid zero tolerance Iceland, as distant as the Azores and scien tific agenda devoted to extensive policy, A-II and AIvil1 were ·construc­ Madeira, and finishing the year at sea exploration of hyd rothennal Yent areas, tively seized,· thaI is, not physically enroute to Jacksonvi lle. Florida. For especiall y in the Juan de Fuca Ridge area seized but held on paper. the matter, the first time since conversion for the off the coast of Oregon and along the though embarrassing, was resolved with submersible, non-A lvin exceeded Alvin East Pacific Rise off Mexico. Scientists only a shonloss of lime and no penal­ work, chiefly Joint Global Ocean Flux diving in AlviPl first sigh ted these vents in ties. It resulted, however, in examination Study (lGOFS) invest igations that in­ 1977 on the GaUpagos Rift, and the and setting of policy governing proce­ duded sediment trap and primary continuingA-II/A lviPl investigations, dures for alcohol and drugs aboard production studies as we ll as the North which also included work in the

It was cold work in the Drake Passage The 1986 '[irQ/lie dives brought the world to Woods Hole. Bob Ballard, in 1980. wea ring a WI·IOI baseball cap, is at rar lefr .

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Guaymas Basin and on the Mid-Atla ntic Ridge, have made a major contributio n to the understanding of geochemical and biological procE'SSeS at work on mid-ocean ri dges. Other late ArlIJnfis 11 work encompassed E'Xtensive studies of long-term temporal variation in deep­ sea benthic boundary laye r communities off California. After several years as an A-II mate, Gary Chiljean became the regular Master in mid 1992. I-I e, along with many other AtlallLis II crew and officers, will transfer to the new 274-foot, Navy-funded ALlml­ cis (AGOR-25), scheduled for delivery to Woods I-Iole in the spring of 1997. 1his During a 1987 pon call in Tokyo. Crown Prince Akih ito visited the ship. ship will become the new deep submer­ He greets Margaret Le inen (University of Rhode Island) in the main lab. gence tender, with facilities designed not Other Americans present included George Grice (light jacket), Allll'n pilot o nl y for Alvin but for a variety of robotic Tom Tengdin, Barrie Walden, and Reuben Baker (behind Barrie). vehicles and for general oceanographic work as well . Other notable events of A-II's last seven years included assisting the salvage of the us Navy's losl remotely operated vehicle CURV III off the California coast in 1991. On 31 January 1995 at B ON, 45°W the as hes of All yn Vine were com­ mined to the ocean he so dearly loved. Appropri ately, there was liule of either Aflanris II or Alvin that did not bear the stamp of Vine's vision and ingenuity. On 17 March 199G, the ship was host for an Alvin di ve off Catalina Island to NSF Director Neal Lane and Congressman Jerry Lewis, chairman of the I-I ouse Ap­ Captain Gary Chiljean (wea ring hat) brought Arlfln ri.!; II into home port as a WHOI propri ations Comminee, which allocates ship for the last time luly 3, 1996. The science party on the last cruise included fu nds to the National Science founda­ from left, Fred Sayles, Chief Scientist Bill Martin, loanne Goudreau, and tion. The occasion offered the two an Linda Rasmussen (Florida State University). opponunity to observe ocean science research firsthand and to see some of the research and facilities they su ppan. · It was phenomenal,· they both said of the experience aboard Atlantis II. a fining tribute to a remarkable vessel. The final two science cruises of 1996 were off the Mid-Atlantic coast shelf slopes: Voyage 133 to the ecological obselVatory at the lOG -mil e dump site in the New York night with Fred Grassle (now al Rutgers University) as Chief Scientist. and # 134 for benthic fl ux and sediment process studies wi th William Martin as ChiefScientisl. TIl esI.' voyages I marked the conclusion of 34 years of I service, over one million miles, sa iled for NSF Director Neal Lane, ri ghi, and Congressman Jerry Lewis, second from right, science, and more than eigh tlhousand were briefed by Mark Legg (Southern California Eart hquake Ct'nter), days at sea-a record unequaled by any WHOI Dire

Atlalltis Atlantis 11-34 Years' Service to U.S. Oceanography

1963-1996 Chief Scientists, 1963-1 982* Masters­ Richard Backus George Grice Robert Oldale (USGS) Regular: Michael Bacon lohn Grow (USGS) Charles Parker Robert Ballard Richard Haedrich Joseph Phillips Emerson Hiller (1963.1970) Richard Barber (Duke) G. Richard Harbison John Piety (UW) Herbert Babbitt (1970-1975) John Beckerle George Harvey Ken Prada David CasHes (1975-1981) Vaughn Bowen Earl Hays G. Michael Purdy Reuben Baker (1983-1989) Carl Bowin Robert Heinmiller John S. Reitzel Richard Bowen (1989-1991) Keith Bradley Jim Heirtzler Dean Roemmich Carl Swanson (1991) Peter Brewer Brackett Hersey David Ross Gary Chiljean (1992-1996) Melbourne Briscoe Robert Hessler John Ryther RlJlwf and Temporary: James Broda Nelson Hogg Howard Sanders John Bruce A.D. Colburn Charles Hollister Tom Sanford Wilfred Bryan Susumu Honjo Robenson Dinsmore Fred Sayles Betty Bunce Hartley Hoskins Rudy Scheltema Paul Howland John Burke Susan Humphris Hans Schouten Allen Jorgensen Bradford Butman (USGS) John Hunt John Sclater (MIT) Robert Munns Edward Carpenter Holger Jannasch Ed Scheer Michael Palmieri Nat Corwin David Johnson Derek Spencer Patricia Pasanen Egon Degens Eli Katz Marvin Stalcup John Pike Charles Denham George Keller Jess Stanbrough Edward Tully Werner Deuser James Kelley (UW) Henry Stommel Henry Dick Dana Kester (URI) John Teal Chief Engineers­ Richard Dugdale (UW) Bostwick Ketchum GeoffreyThompson Daniel Elder (lAM) Harley Knebel (USGS) George Thpper Regular: K O. Emery Bud Knott Elazar Uchupi John Bizzozero Albert Erickson Robert Knox Richard Von Herzen Hugh Curran Charles Erickson (MIT) Hugh Uvingston Barrie Walden Charles Hall John Ewing Jim Luyten Robert Walden Dwight Hamblet Davis Fahlquist Larry Madin John J. Walsh (UW & Brkhvn) Barrett Mclaughlin John Farrington David Masch Bruce Warren Paul Mercado Nick Fofonoff Michael McCartney Peter Wiebe Richard Morris Fritz Fuglister David Menzel How-Kin Wong Harry Oakes Paul rye Gerry Metcalf Val Worthington Raymond Rioux Robert Gagosian Arthur Miller Carl Wunsch (MIT) Emilio Soto Daniel Georgi lohn Milliman Rudy Zarudski Ernest Wegman Jim Gifford Don Moller Arnold Gordon (WEO) Edward Murphy RBIie[ ami Temporary: Fred Grassle Wonh Nowlin (TAMU) Stephen Bean Walter Buckley Joseph Dawicki John Dobranski Chief Scientists, 1984-1996* Bill Eidem Robert Aller (SUNY-SB) Mike Garcia (UH) Lauren Mullineaux Robert Estes Robert Ballard Fred Grassle (WHOI & Rutgers) Conrad Neumann (UNC) Kevin Fisk lohn Baross (UW) Douglas Hammond (USC) Peter Normark (USGS) Walter Huckabee Rodey Batiza (WU) Steve Hammond (NOAA) Robert Olson Walter Lathbury Keir Becker (UMiami) Rachel Haymon (UCSB) Daniel Orange (MBARI) Frank Miller Rick Berelson (USC) Robert Hessler (SIO) Breck Owens Laurence Moore Ed Boyle (MIT) Dick Hey (SIO) CharJes Paull (SIO) Michael Nolin David Brooks (TAMU) Susumu Honio Michael Perfil (UFlorida) James Po!lock Wilfred Bryan Holger Jannasch G. Michael Purdy Michael Schmitt Dale Calder (Royal Ont.Mus.) H. Paul Johnson (UW) Robert Ricci (NUSC) Robert Carney (MOSS Landing & LSU) Peter Jumars (UW) Peter Rona (NOAA) Bobb Carson (Lehigh) David Kadko (UMiami) William Ryan (WEO) Colleen Cavanaugh (Harvard) Jeff Karson (Duke) Fred Sayles Steve Chamberlain (Syracuse) Uoyd Keigwin Sandy Shor (WW) Richard Chandler Larry Kutm (OSU) Eli Silver (UCSB) Alan Chave Charles Langmuir (LDEO) Bernard Simoneit (OSU) Jim Childress (UCSB) Marcus Langseth (WEO) Craig Smith (WHO\, UW, UH) Keith Cooper (USN) Susan laRosa (NOAA) Ken Smith (SIO) RfV Atlanti.! II Harmon Craig (SIO) Margaret Leinen (URI) Debra Stakes (USoCar) Special Edition Newsletter John Delaney (UW) lisa Levin (UNC) William Stubblefield (NOAA) Hugh Ducklow (UMD) Brian Lewis (UW) Lawrence Sullivan (WEO) Copyright 1996 John Edmond (MIT) Hugh Livingston Brian Taylor (UH) Woods Hole Robert Embley (NOAA) Peter lonsdale (SIO) GeoffreyThompson Oceanographic Institution Steve Emerson (UW) Richard Lutz (Rutgers) Maurice Tivcy Woods Hole, MA 02543 Dan Fomari (WEO & WHOI) Ian R. MacDonald (TAMU) Robert Tyee (URI) Charles Fisher (Penn State) Ken Macdonald (UCSB) Cindy Van Dover 508-457-2000 Roger Flood (LOW) Alex Malahoff (NOAA) Karen von Damm (UNH) Editors: Vicky Cullen Dudley Foster John Marra (LDEO) Richard von Herzen & Shelley Lauzon Jeff Fox (URl) William Martin Robert Vrijenhoek (Rutgers) James Franklin (Can.GS) J. Casey Moore (UCSC) Barrie Walden Designer: Jim Canavan, John Freitag (URI) Michael Mottl (UH) Karen Wishner (URI) WHOI Graphic Services Patricia Fryer (UH) • Apologies to anyone we missed-compiling these lists wasn't easy!

Woods Hole Institution