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Naval Officer 1946-53 Commander in Chief 1977

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MAGAZINE OF THE U.S. NAVY - 54th YEAR OF PUBLICATION FEBRUARY 1977 NUMBER 721 Features 4 THE SEA RELEASES HER GRASP Recovery of F-14 "Tomcat" North of Scotland I INTERVIEW WITH VADMC. R. BRYAN, COMNAVSEASYSCOM The Future of theNavy's Engineering Specialists 10 'TUT' TOOK 3,301 YEARS TO GO TO SEA Page : Bringing Egyptian Treasure to U.S. 12 SHE TOOK ONLY MINUTES TO FIND HER ELEMENT Navy Wife Teaches Sailing at Subic Bay 14 DAYDREAMING IS OUT Training Corpsmen in the Field 21 THEY CAME EARLY TOWATCH NAVY.. . BEAT ARMY! The Pomp and Hoopla Behind'The Game' 28 KEEPING AMERICA BEAUTIFUL Sprucing Up Norfolk and Newport 32 THEY BUILD A MODEL FLEET Building Ship Models at Carderock 36 MINIATURE SHIPYARD . . . and More Modelsin Texas 42 TOMAHAWK New Missile for the Fleet of the 1980s. Page 14 Departments 2 Currents 18 Rights and Benefits 20 Grains of Salt 38 Bearings 46 Information Exchange Covers: Front:Navy co-captain Jeff Sap~p's expression tells it all - Na!uy's the winner again. Sapp, described by coach George Welsh as "the best defensive middle guard in the country," ended the 1976 season with 143 tackles, was tapped for a host of all-American squads and won a berth on the East Squad in the Japan Bowl Game in Tokyo. (Photo by JOI Jerry Atchison) Inside Front: Art by staff artist LT Bill Ray Back: Photo by J02Gary Grady

Chief d Naval Operdtions: Admiral James L. Holloway 111 Staff: LTJG Bill Ray JO1 JWIV Atchison Chief of Informdtion: Rear Admiral David M. Cooney JO1 ISS) Peter Sundberg OIC Navy Intarndl Ralmons Actlv~ty'Captain Edward G. McGrath DM1 Uovd ManhJI Dvector. Print Medm Divtsion. Lieutenant Commander D. McCurrach PH2 T~ryMitchell PHZ M. Lee Oumond Editor: John F. Coleman JO2 Den Wheeler Produclion Editor LT John Alexander 502 David. Manhews Research Editor. Ann Hanabury JOSN Francis Bir Page 32 Edward Jenkins Lavout Editor. E. 1. Fast Elaine McNeil Art Editor: Michael Tuffli Currents

Aavy Seeks Major Sea Pay Hike 0 The Navy has developed a proposal providing for a big in- crease in sea pay - unchanged since 1949 - to seagoing Navy careerists. Under the new plan, which provides for payments from $25 to $100 monthly, a sailor would be eligible for sea pay if he had completed three qualifying years at sea, was serving aboard a ship whose missionis primarily accomplished underway, and had been advanced to petty officer grade. The new sea pay plan has been endorsed by the Department of Defense for forwarding to the 95th Congress. Target date for payment of the increased rates is 1 Oct. 1977.

President Names New Secretaries 0 Dr. Harold Brown has been appointed Secretary of Defense and W. Graham Claytor Jr. has been named Secretary of theNavy by President Jimmy Carter. Dr. Brown has served as president of the California Institute of Technology and once headed the Livermore Nuclear Laboratory. He was director of research and engineering in the Department of Defense and took part in the SALT I1 negotiations. Dr. Brown also is a former Secretary of the Air Force. Claytor, a lieutenent commander during World War 11, served as commanding officer of the submarine chaser USS SC 5 16 and the destroyer escortsUSS Lee Fox (DE 65) and USS Cecil J. Doyle (DE 368). Until recently he was chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the Southern Railway System.

First Trident Missile Launch Successful 0 The first flight model of the Trident missile suc- cessfully completed its planned flight of more than 4,000 miles after being launched from Cape Canaveral recently. This was the first in a series of test firings of the new long-range missile. The new missilewill be capable of submerged firing from both the Poseidon and the new Tridentfleet ballistic missile (FBM) nuclear-powered submarines. Improved solid propellant, electronics and materials give the Trident missile much greater range than the currently deployed Poseidonmis- sile. The Trident missile will carry a multiple, independently targeted reentry vehicle (MITV) warhead to a range of 4,000 miles. The missile is guided by a self-contained inertial guidance system, independentof external command and controls once itis launched. It is approximately 34 feet long and six feet in diameter andweighs in excess of 65,000 pounds. The first submerged launch from a Trident submarineis planned for the summer of 1979. The placement of Trident missiles in Poseidon submarines will begin in 1979. Modifications of Poseidon submarines to accommodate the change to Tridentmissiles can be accomplished alongside a tender.

ALL HANDS POVs Subject to Strict Inspection in Japan 0 Military personnel who bring their personal vehicles to Japan may encounter problems and considerable personal expense in order to license and drive their vehicles in the country (including Okinawa). Vehicles manufactured before April 1, 1976 must meet the 1973 Government of Japan inspection standards which are not too severe. However, those vehicles manufactured after March1, 3 1976 must be inspected under the 1975 Government of Japan emission standards which are very strict. This inspection under the 1975 standards is only done in Tokyo, at personal cost (in the neighborhood of $500) and takes from 90 to 130 days. If a vehicle was manufactured after March 3 1, 1976, it may onlybe shipped to Tokyo. Once itarrives there, it becomes the member’s personal responsibility, including any further transportation costs to the member’s particular duty station in Japan or Okinawa. All vehicles having a catalytic convertor must have the convertor operational and must have a heat shield and warning light installed at an approximate cost of $200-$400. Further, unleaded gaso- line is not available in militaryPX service stations and must be purchased on the economy for about$ l SOper gallon.

3,000-Ton SES to be Constructed 0 A contract to build a 3,000-ton Surface Effect Ship (SES) prototype designed to travel at speeds three times faster than conventional ships was recently awardedto a San Diego firm. The ship is scheduled for completion in fiscal year 1983. This SES will be 270 feet long, 105 feet wide and will be powered by gas turbine engines. The 3,000-ton prototype will be capable of carrying 125 officers and men.

PREP Program Revised Under New GI Bill 0 The Veterans Administration Pre-Discharge Educa- tion Program (PREP) is now available only to service personnel partici- patingthrough financial contributions. PREP provides on-base education for those who seek high schoollevel remedial, refresher or completion courses. Participation is limited to the last six months of the first enlistment and applicable to those entering theservice after Dec. 3 1, 1976, provided they had not joined under the Delayed Entry Program prior to Jan. 1, 1977. Individuals enrolled in PREP courses by Oct. 3 1, 1976 may continue to complete the course but may not reen- roll for courses beginning onor after Nov. 1, 1976. Cost of tuition for high school level courses may be charged to theservice member’s VA entitlement if the courses are taken within the50 states. For furtherin- formation see NavOp 161 /76 or see your command education officer.

CNO Saflors of the Year Nominees Sought 0 Fleet and shore commands have begun screen- ing Sailor of the Year nominees. Competition ends April 15, and names of the fleet Sailors of the Year and shore command nominees must be submitted to the Chief ofNaval Personnel by May 6. A board established by the Chief ofNaval Personnel will select the shore Sailor of the Year. Winners will be announced in the summer of 1977 and awarded five-day vacations at CONUS locations of their choices and meritorious promotions to the next highest paygrade if they meet all requirements.

February 1977 3 A . A

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BY JO1 CHRIS CHRISTENSON made plans for a two-stage operation. an eight-inch nylon lift line. An eight-week battle against the USS Shakori (ATF 162) was specially The plan didn’t work. An electrical frigid and stormy North Atlantic to outfitted with side scan sonar and failure knocked CURV out of action retrieve an F-14 Tomcat lost from special navigation equipment and and the Navy ordered in NR-I, a USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67) during began the search phase. Streaming a nuclear-powered research submarine, a NATO exercise, ended in November, torpedo-shaped sonar “fish,” Shakori to aid in the operations. NR-I arrived when the mangled remains were finally painstakingly established a grid search on scene and quickly identified the recovered. The recoveryended an ex- pattern. Steaming back and forth on plane. hausting, frustrating and, ultimately, predetermined search lines, Shakori But she also discovered that the triumphant chapter. found a promising contact on Oct. 3. F-14 was badly fouled in a heavy The F-14 had careened across Ken- The ship put into port at Aberdeen, fishing net, and that the sophisticated nedy’s flight deck, and into the sea Scotland, for supplies and further plan- Phoenix missile was not attached. after one engine jammed at full power, ning. Returning to sea several days The recovery stage began withthe during launch preparations in Septem- later, Shakori discovered that the NR-I hooking a nylon line 30-feet ber. The two-man crew ejected safely “promising contact” was not to be long and 10 inches in circumference onto thedeck of Kennedy. found. Undaunted, she continued the around the starboard main landing When the F- 14 made its unsched- search and was able to relocate the gear of the Tomcat. On October 26, uled departure north of Scotland, the contact-several hundred feet from Constr~rctorlowered a hoisting line to Navy was faced with a decision to its original location. NR-I which connected it to the line leave it or retrieve it. The decision The second stage of the operation previously attached to the landing to retrieve the plane set in motion was now about to begin with the gear. Constructor then passed the a long chain of events which resulted arrival of the Norwegian flag vessel hoisting line to the British flag vessel in the recovery of both the fighter and M/V Constructor, with CURV 111, M/V Oil Harrier. her Phoenix missile. an unmanned U. S. Navy submersible, Oil Harrier was able to raise the The Navy’s Supervisor of Salvage on board. The plan called for CURV plane near the surface. She then to use her television cameras to pos- proceeded to slowly tow it toward itivelyidentify the contact as the shallow water. After traveling some missing F-14. On subsequent dives three miles, however, shifting ocean CURV was to bring down and attach currents, high winds and choppy seas

4 ALL IIAKDS produced too much tension in the lift flag salvage vesselM/V Taurus and I ‘he and it failed. the large British trawler M/V Boston But this time the plane landed, Halifax. An additional vessel, the I wheels down, so the NR-I could not German salvage support ship SS :et close enough to place another Twynford accompanied the group back oop around the landing gear, so it to the recovery site. When trawling was decided to use the 30-foot line for the aircraft with a special steel ilready attached for the next lift trawl net by Boston Halifaxproved ittempt. Adding to the complications unsuccessful, Taurus and Twynford vas the fishing net in which the plane towed a wire drag and succeededin had originally become entangled, for snaring the aircraft. With both ends I ‘he net now constituted a danger- to a of the wire drag on Taurus’ winches, iubmersible trying to get close to the the aircraft was towed submerged al- )lane. The next day, a replacement most ninety miles to shallow water off 10-inch-circumference, nylon lift line the coast of the Orkney Islands. Here, rovided by Shakori was passed by U. S. and German divers attached 3il Harrier to Constructor. Again, additional cables and the aircraft was :onstructor positioned the line for finally brought aboard. VR-I which made the hookup to the Admiral David H. Bagley, Com- 30-foot line, and passed it back to mander in Chief U. S. Naval Forces Oil Harrier for hoisting. The lift com- Europe praised the combined efforts menced at 2230 and at0100 the line of the navymen involved: “During )arted for the second time, allowing the past eight weeks you have worked he aircraft tofall back to the seabed, and performed admirably under the tgain with wheels down. When the most adverse conditions. Your per- ine was recovered, it was discovered severance and flexibility in meeting and hat the failure had occurred in the overcoming the varied problems of IO-foot section that had been heavily this successful deep ocean recovery stressed in both lifting evolutions. with limited assets, is a source of While the salvage team considered admiration and pride to all of us who what to donext, NR-I began searching realized the complexity of the task for the Phoenix missile. On October you haveperformed.” + 30, the missile was located, and the next day NR-I succeeded in lifting he weapon to the surface, using her Left: Phoenix rni.s.de on the oceatl bottom emote grapple. as seer1 from the rluclear-powered Putting an alternate plan into effect, research l*essel,NR-I. Below: Taurus crew begins hoist of M/V Constructor and M/V Oil rmrlgled F-14 onto deck. Photo by Harrier were replaced by the German PHC M. W. Melton. The Eyes of the Search

6 ALL HANDS E,ngineerin’gL Specialist I

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c. 0 A plan to regenerate and redirect the Navy’s most important team of engineering specialists+ community of restricted line officers called Engi- neering Duty Oficers (EDs)-was approved by the Chiefof Naval Opera- tions in October 1976. These changes will affectnot only the ED community, but the entire Navy as well. Vice Admiral C. R. Bryan, USN, COMNAVSEASYSCOM, a career ED, directed the study group which formulated the planned changes. In the following interview,VADM Bryan discusses the “newlook” of the engineering duty officercommunity.

Q. Admiral Bryan, what does this extensive overhaul of the ED program mean in terms of ow Navy’s ability to carry out itsmission? A. The Navy’s ability to fulfill its mission depends onthe number and quality of modern warships we can build, and on the material readiness of existing ships and combat systems. Most Navy people are acutely aware of problems being encountered inthese u areas: shipbuilding costs; claimsdis-

February 1977 7 putes with some shipbuilders; extensive cept personal responsibility for tech- work required to catch up on the ship nical matters inassignments involving overhaulrequirements; and simply ships and combat systems, and other keeping our ships and equipment in an associated areas. up-status when deployed. Engineering 9. How does the Navy plan to de- Duty officers have important responsi- velop thekind of ED community it bilities related toall these matters, wants? and must nurtureand maintain the A. Several changes are anticipated. degree of technical competence and ex- The fundamental one involves an ag- perience in ships, ship combat systems, gressive effort to bring in the kind of andordnance and electronic systems technically qualifiedpeople we need. necessary to solve these problems. It means selling the ED career field to The ED study, completed in August qualified students at the Naval Acade- 1976, recommended ways to improve my, NROTC units and Officer Candi- the Navy's ability to do this job. CNO date School. We were formerly unable has directed that the recommendations to assign people to the program directly be implemented. from the Academy and NROTC, but those avenues are now being opened. Q. Admiral, why was a studyof the ED communityordered initially and Q. What is the relationship between what changes were deemed necessary? A. Based on his own experience and the advice of his advisors, theCNO ordered the formation of a study group to investigate the role of the ED community in light of increasingly sophisticated shipboard systems and complexity of their maintenance. He noted that there was a clear need for a com- prehensive review of the fundamental requirements for EDs and also fora specific determination of their rolein the Navy today and in the future. Through the years, the EDsare hardworking, dedicated officers. To fulfill their roles for the Navy ofthc future and achieve lasting solutions for the problems I mentioned earlier, we need even more technical expertise and involvement by EDs than we have had. Our study has shown that we need to train existing EDs more, and we need torecruit new people who have the potential to perform at extremely high levels of technical competence. Q. What precise roles did the study group envision for the future ED community? A. We felt that one of the key problems inthe past has been alack of a clear-cut definition by the Navy of the Unrestricted Line subspecialist and .support selection board recently com- the ED'S role. the ED? pleted a review of the URLcommunity The group determined that theNavy A, There is a need for high quality to identify individuals qualifying as needs EDs who are highly trained, ex- URL subspecialists in the design, ac- proven subspeci'alists. The review perienced, professional naval engineers quistion and maintenance of ships and board recommended designation of 33 1 capable of technically supervising the combat systems, to provide operational new proven material support and the design, acquisition and maintenance of experience and that degree of direct continued proven subspecialist desig- ships and combat systems. That means technicalcontribution appropriate to nation of 629 officers in the grade of EDs should be ready and able to ac- their subspecialty. The URL material lieutenant commander through captain.

8 However, as a result of stringent se- a valid prerequisite. The Engineering EDs reviewed? lection standards, proven subspecialist Duty Officer’s Basic Qualification Pro- &Yes, each senior keyposition designation for 425 officers (90 lieu- gram, already ineffect, was endorsed was analysed to determine whether the tenant commanders, 2 17 commanders as an importanttraining milestone position was, infact, needed and, if and 118 captains) was deleted. early in an ED’S career. Finally, a so, the required grade required to fill Q. What are the plans for improv- two-year postgraduate program in a it. Thegroup then recommended the ing qualifications of EDs once they are field related to ships, ship combat sys- category of individua1,best qualified to in the engineering community? tems, or ordnance and electronic sys- perform the assignment, whether an A, First, we want to ensure that the tems was determined to be appropriate ED, URL, staff corps officer or civilian. Thegroup identified 178 captains’ billets as “key,” but due to the complexity of thecareer field andshort time available for the study, a similar careful evaluation of other ED billets may require adjustments to this list. Q. You mentioned the need for advanced education for EDs. Where is this advancededucation usually ob- tained? A. Postgraduate education for EDs is normally througheither the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey (NPS) lor Massachusetts Institute of Technol- ogy (MIT). Study at NPS is generally a two-year effort leading to a master’s degree in engineering or an associated technical area. Study at MIT is a two- or three-year effort leading to a master’s or an engineer’s degree. jobs EDsare assigned makethe best advanced training. A technical master’s degree, how- use of their abilities and develop their Subject to Navy requirements, se- ever, is sufficient in most instances for potentials asofficers and engineers. -1ectedofficers may be authorized to proper acoomplishment of ED duties. This will require some changes in the continue beyond the master’slevel to ED billet structure. Since EDs must permitconcentrated study inthe ap- Summary be competent naval officersfirst, they plication of their technical specialty should have sea duty experience early to the design of ships, ship and combat The engineering duty officers of the in their careers. At more senior levels, systems, andordnance and electronic future will be actively recruited, pro- however, EDs will no longer be as- systems. Although some aspects of videdspecific ongoing professional signedas engineering officers aboard management such as contractingand training and assigned to the jobs, both individual ships.Such an assignment finance are important, the emphasis at ashore and afloat, where their expertise is more properly the role of the unre postgraduate school is clearly onthe can most benefit the Navy. stricted line specialist. EDsat sea side of technical know-how. An active program of regenerating will serve as tender repair officers and There will continue to be a need for the Navy’s most important team of en- main propulsionassistants on some specific management trainingthrough gineering specialists takes high priority. carriers. selected shortcourses in certain dis- It will ensurethat top-caliber people There will continue to be EDs in ciplines and through courses available become the EDs of tomorrow. key fleet and type-commander mainte atthe Defense Systems Management At the same time, sharply focusing nance jobs. More emphasis, however, College at Ft. Belvoir, Va. The rnan- on the duties andresponsibilities of the will be placed on ED diiect involve agement of our ship and weapon sys- ED will guarantee that when they are ment-technicalinvolvement-in de- tem acquisition programs will be im- called upon, theywill trulybe the sign and s,hipbuilding. proved in direct.proportion to the “experts” the Navy must depend upon Q. What about education and train- degree of solid teohnical expertise be- in this technological age. ing for EDs of the future? hind that management. Many compe- And, finally, EDs will continue to be A. The right kind of education is tent engineers have become successful naval officers and professional engi- crucialto fulfilling the ED role and managers; I do not know of any me- neers. But they will also possess the was carefully considered by the study diocre or poor engineers who ever be- solid, “hands-on” type of experience group. A bachelor’s degree in a scien- came good managers. and training required of people knowl- tific or engineering field was considered Q. Were current billets reserved for edgeable of complex systems. & 9 'TUT' Took 3301

What's .so unusual about a Navy ship carrying non-Navy .cargo? Nothing, unless that cargo happens to be the most spectacular archeological discovery of the 20th century. Fifty-five pieces of treasure, some of the most beautiful and fabled hoard found in the tomb of the boy-king Tutankhamen (c. 1343-1325 B. C.), were transported by USS Milwaukee (AOR 2) from Alexandria, Egypt, to Naples, Italy, where they were transferred to USS Sylvuniu (AFS 2) for delivery to Norfolk, Va. The Egyptian Government made an unprecedented loan of the treasures to theU. S. for a traveling exhibition that will be seen in Washington, Chicago, New Orleans, Los Angeles, Seattle and New York City over the next 30 months. The exhibit opened in November in Washington, where it will remain until mid-March. Very little is known of Tutank- Left: Crate containing part of the Tlltankhamen treasure is unloaded from USS Sylvania (AFS 2) at Norfolk.

10 ALL HANDS Years to go to Sea

hamen’s life and reign, a period of internal upheaval, unrest and demoralization among the Egyptians. He ascended the thronewhen he was about nine butdied when he was only 18. His own tomb was unfinished at the time of his death and he was buried in one prepared for Ay, his chief vizier. The whereabouts of Tutankhamen’s tomb remained a mystery for centuries until archeologists found it intact and L nearly undisturbed although ran- sacking robbers had virtually de- stroyed countless tombs through the centuries. Included in the U. S. exhibition is the gold mask of Tutankhamen, inlaid with carnelian, lapislazuli, colored glass and quartz; thewood- en gilt statuette of the Goddess Selket; the gilded figure of Tutank- hamen harpooning; and a small gold shrine of detailed craftmanship. Also included are examples of funerary jewelry and furniture. 9,

Below: East wall of burial chamber. Right: Tutankhamen’s mask.

February 1977

Above: Cheryl watches her students assumed numerous responsibilities. navigate Sllbic Bay yacht basin. Classes often are large-20 or more- Left: She helps student the rudder. rig and instruction includes manover- who havebecome actively involved board drills, rigging, the theory of in Navy community life, and is fully sailing, how to handle a capsized enjoying herself in the process. vessel and, of course, student sailing For one who had never sailed in the yacht club’s Lido 14s. until she arrivedin Subic, Cheryl has An old salt by now, Cheryl speaks come a long way. Of course, it took of her new calling with a good deal a little husbandly prodding by Bob of pride and authority. “The whole Von Gogh to begin her nautical career. idea of the (nine-week) course is to In fact, he signed her up forlessons teach people how to handle the boat behind her back. properly and safely,” Cheryl said. “He didn’t tell me until two days “Anybody can get out there and before the coursebegan,” Cheryl sail. They can also doa lot of things recalled. “But after I got started, wrong. Like jibing-that’s when the I really liked it. Sailing is great fun.” stern passes through the wind and Well, one thing led to another. the boom snaps from one side to the Cheryl’s instructor needed an assistant, other. If the student isn’t alert or and was obviously impressed with the doesn’t know what he’s doing, he If interest in sailing has picked up cut of his student’s jib. She began can get hit on the head,knocked recently at the U. S. Naval Base, assisting with rigging on Saturdays, overboard or the boatcould capsize.” Subic Bay, R. P., it may just have and lectureson Thursdays and the Are there anyquestions out there? something to dowith the new sailing next thing sheknew she had earned If so, you’ll have to get in line. 9, instructor down at the yacht club. her own Red Cross instructorcertifi- Cheryl VonGogh is a blonde, blue- cation card, andwas launching eyed sailing enthusiast, and thewife novitiates into theexciting world of of a Navy first class mineman. She sailing. is also oneof many Navy dependents In her new capacity, Cheryl has

February 1977 13 BY LCPL N. LALUNTAS “OK, move itout,” shouts a Ma- False Wounds rinegunnery sergeant; a platoon of Navy men hustles into the thicket. Add Realism in “Stay online and spread it out,” barksthe instructor. “If this was the real thing and you were bunched up, Deadly Game half of you would be dead. All it takes is one grenade . . .” The wistful fantasy of a seasoned Marine “gunny”? No, it’s just training as usual at the Fleet Marine Force Atlantic’s Field Medical Service School, CampLejeune, N. C. The students are Navy hospital corpsmen who may be called upon to serve with Marines. “What are you going to do. to control that hemorrhage, Doc?” asks the field operations chief. “This arm splint

14 ALL HANDS is good and tight, but don’t leave so some more so than others and needing tactics instructor maps out the area. much of thehand showing,” advises more immediate attention. Twenty- In full combat gear, the sailors fall the medical instructor. “If the man five students, playing the role of com- out onto the road. “Keep moving into must walk any distance, it would work pany corpsmen, search the area en- the woods,” commands the instructor, its way loose.” gulfedby smoke. Thestudents must “and keep your minds on the assault. In field exercises, undersimulated try to remain hidden from the enemy, Daydreaming could mean death.” battle conditions, there may be as usingany trick of concealment they One man charges ahead of the rest many as 50 “casualties” in an area of can. A radio-controlled machinegun, as they comb the thickets. “Hey, John about 1,000 square feet. firing blanks, is set off’ every timea Wayne, you wanna get with the rest of “I’d hate to be in awar situation corpsman is sighted. us?You’re not gonna win it all by with this many casualties so close to- After an hour of this kind of exer- yourself,” yells a Marine instructor. gether,” remarked one student. cise, thestudents, tired and sweaty, A shot rings out and the man falls. The mass casualty exercise starts trudge to aclearing for aC-ration As a company corpsman rushes to his with a simulated amphibiouslanding break. side, another radios for a medevac. whichmeets heavy resistance. About After thetoo-short lmah period, The corpsman quickly wraps the 45 corpsmen are designated “casual- the men are rounded upfor the “search fallen man’s head, offering reassurance ties” andare sent intothe field with anddestroy” briefing. Their mission: as he tends thewound. “Hang in there, fake wounds madeout of rubber. sweep the woods to find and destroy buddy. You’re gonna make it. Some- Each woundis considered serious, aguerrilla base camp. The military how I just know,” he grins. +

February 1977 15 Hospitalman R. L. O’Keefepushes on through water andmud during training mission.

Navy corpsmen spend six days and “Some of them feel we’re trying to nam after completing field training. In nights inthe field applying first aid makeMarines out of them.” No,he a letter to his mother drafted January and military tactics they have studied stresses, “but they have got to see how 1969, he wrote the following words: for five weeks in the classrooms. it works before they can do their job.” “Some day I will see before me a “Our mission,” says Lieutenant “Most of them have never lived or wounded Marine. I will think all kinds (junior grade) David D. Brooks, train- worked with Marines,” continued of thoughts, but my training has pre ing officer, “is to train hospital corps- Decker.“Our training must prepare pared me j,ust forthis moment. I men anddental technicians toserve them to protect themselves and serve doubt that I will be a hero, but to that FleetMarine forces. That means a their units.’’ Marine, I will be God. I am hoping no complete understanding of Marine “Ideally, the corpsman will take his one will die while I’m helping him; if Corps functions, organization and tac- place in a Marine formation and never so, some ofmyself will die with him. tics, in addition to medical skills.” falter.” No matter who it is, if he’s wounded This is accomplished through the field High ideals and compassion are not in the middle of a rice paddy, you can exercises. uncommon in the ranks of corpsmen bet your bottom dollar that whatever “We throw so much at them in so who have served with Marines in com- God gave me for power, I will try short a time, that it is diEcult to combat. For instance, Marines at the Field until my life is taken to help .save him prehendwithout the fieldexercises,” Medical Service School still talk about and any other.” says Marine Gunnery Sergeant Calvin HospitalCorpsman 2nd Class Chris “Doc” Pyle was kdled in action May E. Decker, militarytraining NCO. M. Pyle. Pyle received orders to Viet- 28, 1969. J, 16 ALL HANDS Below: Fallen tree conceals Hospital CorpsmanThird Class D. L. Jackson as he bandages a leg wound. Bottom: “Casualties” head to rear, seeking I medical aid.

17 February 1977

-.- Rishts & Benefits Buying your mobile home J02 DAN WHEELER width units and $20,000 on double- foreclosure and effect a mutually It’s no secret. Housing prices have width units, whichever is less. acceptable agreement temporarily risen so rapidly during the past 10 A “guarantee” is simply that amount lessening payments, if necessary. years that many Navy members (and for which VA cosigns on your Polices builders to ensure tht their civilian friends) have been mortgage. If, for example, VA are strictly following building cod1 priced out olf the home-buying market. guaranteed $12,500 of a $30,000 Continually works with lende For some, an alternative to buying mortgage on a single-width mobile encouraging them to lend to servic traditional housing or a condominium home, and the borrower later defaulted members and vets under the guar2 is purchasing a mobile home. That’s causing the lender to foreclose, Uncle program. when expert advice is sought from Sam would have to pay the guaranteed Works closely with potential an expelrienced friend-the Veterans portion of the loan and subsequently purchasers to ensure they are awarl Administration. bill the borrower for VA’s net loss hidden costs in home ownership a1 Though VA has been guaranteeing after the home was resold. (It’s that they are not buying a home mobile home loans for {only sixyears, important to notehere that VA usually which they -may outgrow. they have been in the business of assumes the entire note and resells If the mobile home in your futt helping veterans and service members the home itself. Occasionally a was constructed after June 15, 19: buy all types of dwellings for more purchaser can get a bargain by it must meet the new Department than 30 years. During that period, checking VA listings first when Housing and Urban Development VA has “cosigned” more than nine searching for a home.) standards. These specify that the million mortgages totaling $120 The readily apparent benefit of the must be suitable for single-family billion. guaranty program is that it meets the occupancy on land (as opposed tc When VA began guaranteeing loans requirement for investment protection houseboat, for instance) and it ml for mobile homes and lots, the limit demanded by commercial lending have facilities for eating, cooking, was 30 per cent of the purchase price. institutions through substantial ddwn sleeping and sanitation. The Veterans Housing Amendments payments.Because VA-guaranteed A VA-guaranteed mobile home Act of 1976 increased the guarantee loans require no down payments may be used to purchase either: to 50 per cent, or $12,500 on single- (because VA affordsthe lender pro- ‘0 A mobile home unit, double tection), it’s easier for young couples single width. Doubles must be at and those who have been unable to least 20 feet wide with 700 square save enough for a conventional of floor space; singles, 10 feet wid1 mortgage loan to purchase their first with 400 square feet of floor space. home. A land lot for an already ow Other advantages include the fact mobile home. According to VA oi that the VA: cials, this type of loan is difficult tc Inspects homes on the market and get approved under the guaranty I requires sellers to meet minimum gam because commercial lenders quality standards, thereby ensuring reluctant to lend money in such a that VA purchasers get value for their small amount if they have to abide home-buying dollars. VA stipulations setting maximum Is ready to work with a purchaser interest and term of payments. who finds himself in temporary A mobile home unit and a lot financial straits after purchasing a installation. home. Often the administration acts For preparation of a lot on as a liaison between the service which to install a mobile home. member and the lender to prevent Anyone who has served on acti

18 ALL HI duty since Sept. 16, 1940 and sepa- Additionally, unremarried spouses you are one, or are an interested active rated under other than dishonorable of members who served on or after duty member, contact the nearest VA conditions (or is still on active duty) Sept. 16, 1940 are eligible if the office or commercial lending institu- is eligible for a VA-guaranteed loan member died as a result of a service tion for more information and on any type of family dwelling if he connected disability. Spouses of per- applications. .$ or she meets financial requirements sonnel officially listed as MIA or POW set by VA and the lender. Only those for at least 90 days are also eligible. individuals, however, who have full (This entitlement ends when notice is entitlement for the guaranty program given that the service member is no are eligible. In other words, if a vet longer MIA or 'a POW.) or service member has previously Currently, there are 30 million used a VA guarantee, that loanmust veterans, not including active duty have been paid in full or assumed members, living in the United States. by another VA purchaser beforea Many of them are eligible for the VA second guaranty loan can be made. mobile home guaranty program. If

February 1977 19 Grains of Salt Dorie Miller -HeDisplayed Selfless Courage

USS West Virginia (BB 48) during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Historians haverecorded that hewas col- lecting laundry in the battleship that Sundaymorning of December 7 when general quarters sounded as the raiders struck Hawaii. Dorie raced to his GQ station-the antiaircraft battery magazineamidships-only to find that torpedo damage had already takenits toll. He hurried topsidewhere he braved the bombing,strafing and flamingdecks to help the ship'smortally wounded commanding officer to a saferplace. Miller then manned a machine gun and opened fire on the attackers, relating later that he believed hegot one beforebeing ordered to leave the bridge after some 15 minutes of continuous firing. For his selfless courage in trying to save the commanding officer and his extraordinary display of heroism in the face of death, the 22-year-old sailor wasawarded the Navy Cross. Following his tour aboard West Virginia, Miller spent 17 months in the cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA 35). He then spent a brief time at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Wash., before joining the crew of a newly constructed escort aircraft carrier USS Liscombe Buy 1 (CVE 56) in thespring of 1943. Shortly afterward, Millerwas promoted to third class. Then, barely more than two months later, havingcompleted drill and exercise periods off the California coast, Dorie and the new flattop departed San Diego on October 21. Their destination was Hawaii and subsequently the invasion of the Gilbert Islands. The battle forTarawa began November 20, ending in Blackshave made a number of noteworthy contribu- U. S. victorysome 76 hours later. The young Texan tions to the U. S. Navy in its 201-year history. Few, how- sailor hadhad hissecond taste of battle and came out ever, have given as much as Dorie Miller, an enlisted hero unscathed. during the attack on Pearl Harbor. This is his story. The following day, just after reveille-on her 99th day Born in Waco, Tex., on Oct. 12,1919, Doris (Dorie) as a Navy ship-Liscombe Bay became the target of a Miller entered the Navy as a Mess Attendant 3rd Class at Japanese submarine torpedo. In 23 minutes she sank, Dallas on Sept. 16, 1939. In hisbrief career he advanced carrying the task force admiral, commanding officer and to the rate of Ship's Cook 3rd Class. 644 crewmen with her. Petty Officer Dorie Miller was not Miller conducted himselfheroically in the battleship among the 242 survivors. J,

20 ALL HANDS I m r I CAME L EARLY -

21 February 1977

Below: Exrrberurlt rnid.shipnrertcarry AcadernySrrperirlfmdcrrt RADM Kitlrraird McKee drrrirlg prc-gurm pep rally. Right: Applying Tecrrmselz’s urtrtual cout of war paint.

Stunned, he watched as the midship- prank of all, happened in 1969-at the the buildingsand echoes through the .““” men began hammering away. His fear start of the week-long series of events yard. The massive doors of Bancroft almost turned to panic when, after the serving as prelude to the annual Army- Hall crash open and wave after wave of horde reduced the car to rubble, they Navy football game. midshipmen come pouringdown the turned on the house. The grim-faced Each year, during one madcap week steps, across Tecumseh Court and BrigadeCommander marched up the inNovember, the Naval Academy spread out-so it was in November steps andhanded the quaking officer takes on a decidedlydifferent face. 1976. a piece of paper . . . a check for more The subduedatmosphere of a center The object of the midshipmen‘s most than$4,000”collected at a dollar of learning and naval tradition is recent boisterous assault was the super- apiece from the brigade-and enough shattered by the raucouspranks and intendent’shome. After cheers, songs to replace the Army officer’s“new” pratfalls of thousands of midshipmen and skits on Rear Admiral Kinnaird R. car with a better model. gearing up for the biggame. The McKee’s front lawn, the superintendent What’s going on? crisply manicured lawns, stately build- (as tradition said hewould) granted That incident, considered bymany ings and dignified faculty homessud- “over-the-wall” or liberty in town for Naval Academy alumni as the grandest denly blossom with posters and floats, the midshipmen.Away they went- all bearing the same basic message: streaming through the gates and into “BEEEAATT AAARRMMYY!!!” the nearby community. The roar of a thousand voices shat- ters the midnightsilence, bounces off

24 ALL HANDS Left: Glrardirlg Bancroft Hall at three irl the morning is the A-4 Skyhawk midshipmen moved from its twrmanent home on ThornpJor~Field: Below: Navy falls - silhouetted by massive bonfire.

But even as this mass of midshipmen on the steps of Bancroft Hall. Mid- “Beat Army,”it said. Such variations began a night onthe town, a small, shipmen on theirway to classpassed on the usually stringent dress code are secretive group had stayedbehind to around the plane as if nothingwere not uncommon during Army-Navy launch yet another mission in the spir- amiss. One, laden with books, paused Week. it of Army-Navy Week. For 51 weeks to examine hisclassmates’ work. Another midshipman,wearing his a year,two Navy aircraft-an A-4D “Not bad,” he said. “They only had uniform but sporting the hat style Skyhawk and anF-4A Phantom-sit about a two or three-inch clearance to Napoleon made famous, paused and heavily chained and bolted to concrete getthis thing up here. It’ll probably addressed an instructor: “Good morn- pads adjacent to Thompson Field. take a week to get it down.” ing,professor,” he saidas he doffed But in the week before the game, they Betweenclasses the courtyards his“cover” and executed a sweeping tend to change settings-showing up filledwith midshipmen’s black uni- bow. in thedarndest places. forms and white covers. Up close, one The professor shook his head, mut- The skulking group sifted, one by could observe subtle-and not so sub- tering under his breath as he continued one, from the shadowsand crept tle-alterations in their uniforms. One upthe steps of Bancroft Hall. + across the road. Various tools and midshipman strode purposefullyto- lengths of rope appeared from beneath ward class, a purple bow tie adornifig sweatshirts. The greatplane-kidnap hisotherwise immaculate uniform. was on. Next morning, there sat theSkyhawk

February 1977 25 Prarlks, like a cleverly placed smoke bomb it1 the Army rauks, divided the faid atterltion betweerr the playing field nnd the stands.

Below: Jtrst before the game fhe brigade of rnidshiprnrrl marched onto field under cadets’ watchful eyes.

L . ‘1

V ...... Inside Bancroft Hall, people hurried . t. *...... to put the final touches on their “Army ...... I... *... .. 8. .* Projects”-aeuphemism for the in- 1 . * .‘e4 ** ‘““4 .- credibly intricate displays and floats eachcompany of midshipmenbuilds and exhibits atthe Academy and at the game. “Our ‘engineers’ started in Septem- ber designing and laying out the elec- “ trical circuits and motor parts for this little baby,” said a midshipman as he patted what resembled a giant bucket similar to the container in which South- ern-fried chicken is carried home. But, according to the legendon the six-foot-tall bucket, it actually contained “Annapolis friedmule.” What appeared to be a full-sizedback end and hooves of a mule protruded, twitching and turning, from the top of the bucket. “We began ‘appropriating’ the necessary materials for it a couple of months ago,” the midshipman said as he picked up his scattered tools. But the reward was not just in the building of the projects. One afternoon that week, with all the pomp and cere- monybefitting any serious occasion, the“Army Projects” werejudged. “Not scathing enough in its attack against Army,” said onejudge of a project. “The rockets on this ‘Attack- Army airplane’ failed to fire-definitely not acceptable,” said another.

26 ALL HANDS A winnerwas picked afterthe judges compared notes to the tune of boisterous lobbying by project builders. A two-man tank, that not only moved about on its own power (accompanied by appropriate tank-like sound ef- fects) but also had a working cannon, wonby acclamation. Anything that could launchan orange across Te- cumseh Courtand strike a target bearinga mule's face in the bull's eye-or actually mule'snose-had to be a winner. As the days passed, the fervor grew andtales of pranks increased. Mid- shipmen relished recounting some of the classic stunts-like the demolished car story-that had been pulled off over the years. Theone about theArmy exchange officer atthe Academy who was locked in his room The night of the pep rally and bon- The sights and sounds included cheerleaders, fire, an expectant crowd gathered drum and bugle corps and groups of with a mule that had been fed a lax- midshipmen-with friends and family. ative was a popular tale. aroundthe mammoth woodpile to But while pranks may come in end- watch the football team set it off. less variety, some things remain con- "What do you mean you don't have stant-like the annual pep rally bash any matches?" The players, looking and bonfire. Days beforethe big sheepishly from onetothe other, event, the Academy maintenance crew turnedtheir pockets inside out.But, was busy laying hands on every avail- of course! Since none smoked, how ablescrap of wood. A steady stream could they carry matches? of stake trucks and vans backed up to After a moment's uneasiness, a lo- thecenter of Thompson Field and cal newspaper photographercame dumped their booty. Old wooden pal- forwardand graciously offered the lets and broken chairs wereflung on use of his cigarette lighter. The foot- a rapidly growing pile. What ap- ball players set to work. peared to be a batch of tomato plant Quickly then, theentire week's stakes-perhaps taken from an unsus- workwas engulfed. FirstThompson pecting faculty member'sgarden- Field glowed. Then,as the flames joined the 20-foot-high stack. (Continued on page 47)

February 1977 27 YN3 Dickie Erickson stops to talk with a working party planting trees along the main street of Norfolk Naval Station's Destroyer and Sub- marine Piers. Freshly painted blue and gold trash cans are another of the base's beautification projects.

ALL HANDS A Winning Recipe in Norfolk STORY BY 502GARY GRADY avenue landscaped, creating a park-like atmosphere. PHOTOS BY PHCMILT PUTMAN Only a few individuals permanently attached to the Naval Station were directly involved in the on-going program. The KECIPE executive officer, Commander Jimmy Pappas, accomplished much of the planning. The station’s first lieutenant, Master Mix one part transient personnel with one part Correc- Chief Master at Arms Hugh G. Wade, put the plans into tional Center confinees and add ingredients to already pre- action with the assistance of Chief Constructionman Donald pared portions of fresh air and hard work. W. Oswald.Oswald was subsequently awarded the Navy Add a liberal sprinkling of imagination, enthusiasm and Achievement Medal for his efforts. planning. Everyone on the base howeverhas become involved in Stir briskly for two years and top with volunteer work keeping the new look looking new. It’s a known fact that by assigned base personnel and their families. a cleanplace is likely to stay clean. The averageperson Serve with gencrous portions of increased base pride. feels little remorse or hesitation when adding more debris toan already littered area,but mostthink twice before tossing the first soft drink can or candy wrapper on a man- The result of the above original recipe has been a well- icured lawn. groomed new look for the U. s. Naval Station, Norfolk. It While some incurable litterers still seem to reside at Naval has also been an award-winning dish; NavSta Norfolk was Station, Norfolk, littering and vandalism have been greatly recently named winner in the government agency category reducedsince the beautificationprogram began. This is of the national Keep America Beautiful competition. partly due, of course, to pride;the upgrading of security “When I came here as commanding officer,”said Cap- and the subsequent strict enforcement of anti-litterregs tain Paul L. Merwin, “we made changes in the organization also have played a part. Persons caught littering on base are and got people involved in a cleanup program. Base clean- reported, eventicketed. Civilians are ordered tothe local up was given high priority.” Federal Magistrate’s Court; militaryoffenders are referred The two-year project involved more than just picking up to their commanding officers for apropriate action. surface trash. Abandoned vehicleswere towed to salvage Although the station’sclean-up program beganinde- yards, older barracks weremodernized, streets and side- pendent of any nationally organized endeavor, it has mea- walkswere widened and resurfaced, gutters were cleaned, sured up admirably in national competition. drains unstopped, andtrees and shrubbery wereplanted “We saw an ad for the Keep America Beautiful contest,” and trimmed.Wives clubs painted fire hydrants ina Bi- CAPT Merwin said, “and decided to enter. Withintwo centennial motif and planted flower gardens alongside well- weeks, we had put together a booklet of photos and back- traveled streets. In no time, these changes gave the base a ground material and sent it in for consideration. Frankly, new look. I didn’t expect to hear anything more.” Still, one major eyesoreremained-the “strip” on (Keep AmericaBeautiful, Inc., is a nonprofit society Hampton Boulevard right outside the Naval Station’s main founded in 1953 to combat litter and improve solid waste gate. This collection of agingbuildings, locker clubs, bars disposal. It actively supports more than 100 conservation and pawn shops-not government property at the time- programs and encourages the cleaning up and beautification gave visitors a negative impression before they even reached of industrial areas under its Clean Community Systems the base. project.) Either fate or coincidence, however, eliminated the strip Much to Captain Merwin’s surprise, atelegram came from the list of deterrents to beautification. When arun- a few months later telling him the Naval Station had been wayextension at the adjoiningNaval Air Station became awarded first place in the Government Agency Category of necessary, the large tract of land purchased by the Navy the annual Keep America Beautiful Awards Program. The included this area bordering both sides of Hampton Boule- station topped competition involving other military installa- vardfor severalblocks. Dilapidated structures werede- tions, state, local, and federal organizations. molished-those in good repair were refurbished and con- CAPT Merwin stated that the award was important, but verted for Navyuse. “Honky-tonk Boulevard” lost its more valuable was its contribution to “safety, morale, good roaring twenties look; grass and trees were planted and the order and discipline.” +

February 1977 29 BY 502 DAVE HOCH Strawberry Hill-plowed away decades ago, yet never stacked into contoured hills and covered with earth fill. removed from Coast and Geodetic Charts-has returned The mounds were then graded and seeded to allow 200 to a morc beautiful Newport, R.I., after a 30-year absence. trees and shrubs to be planted. Todaythe hillis apart Other landmarks, more accurately called “eyesores,” have of a newly built recreation area on. the spot where once been banished as a result of the Naval Education and a smoke-spewing ecological disaster stood. Training Center’s (NETC) beautification program. This type of beautification is commonplace at the New- Not limited toNETC, the two-year-old program en- port naval complex today. “Before the beautification pro- compasses the entire Newport naval community including gram began,” said CaptainHoward Kay, NETC‘s com- naval housing areas. manding officer, “each separate command had responsi- A perfect example of the spirit motivating the program, bility forits own turf. There was no standard painting Strawberry Hill’s restoration is indicative of cost-saving policy, no standard sign format, and no genuine attempt measures taken in times of economic belt-tightening. The was made to create a harmoniaus environment.’’ hill, a ledge outcrop on the northern end of Coasters Har- Then, in 1973, as a result of the Shore Establishment bor Island, was leveledin 1942 to make room for the Navy Firefighting School. Its core, however, wasused as fill for the road bordering the shore along Narragansett Bay. Now, three decades later, the hill again stands-the solution to an expensive problem. ‘Before the beautification program began, each separate command had responsibility for its own turf.’ The problem was created in 1973 when the firefighting school was demolished and it was discovered that it would cost $26,300 to haul away the ensuing rubble. One enter- prising architect struck on the idea of using the rubble to rebuild .the once flattened Strawberry Hill. ‘Debris was

New sentry booths at all gates to NETC have greatly improved first impressions.

30 ALL HANDS ., -1 Strawberry Hill today, left, at the site of the old Firefighting School on Coasters Harbor Island.

Realignment action, boundaries separating individual commands disappeared. “At that time, a plan was formulated to create aestheticallypleasing surroundings through a systematic cleanup and renovation of the base.Straw- berry Hill is one result,” the captain said. Since the program’s inception, 58 oldbuildings have been demolished and the land on which they sat was landscaped; remaining buildingshave been repainted in pas- tels. Signs on base and off have been adapted to a uniform color scheme of blue and gold;unnecessary signs have been removed. Additionally, three new recreation areas have been constructed and named for early ships figuring prominently in Narragansett Bay’shistory. BEQs havebeen renamed in honor of Rhode Island Navy Medal of Honor recipients. All base streets have been renamed in honor of various Newport naval heroes and historicalpersonages. Finally, Before and after scenes of the same area directorieshave been posted inconvenient locations area show the Navy Firefighting around the complex. School in its heyday, and Strawberry Seventy thousand square yards of streets and parking Hill as it looks today. lotshave been paved, bus shelters renovated, new guard shacks at the main gates built, dead and dying trees have A constant lookout for possible problem areas is main- been removed and shrubs and floral plots planted in their tained by an NETC public works inspector, who routinely places. An established litter patrol polices the grounds conducts three inspections each week.Inspection findings and shoreline and ensures that trash is placed in the new are reported directlyto the commander for actionwhen and attractive waste containers at convenient locations. appropriate. Major construction played a large part in the renovation process and has contributed to the new look with the addition of a third building at the Naval WarCollege, a new commissary store and expanded parking facilities. The rest of the beautification program (with the exception of demolition)was accomplished through “self-help” projects or by private groups within the housing area do- nating theirtime and efforts. “Because Newportis a primary site for officertraining and education, it is our responsibility to make it as attrac- tiveas possible,” CAPT Kaysaid. “Many of the inter- lational officerswho train here gettheir first impressions of the U. S. Navyfrom what theysee here. We’d like to think everyone-staff and students,military and civilian ”will want to make this center and the Newport complex one in which he or she can take real pride.” ,$

February 1977 31 They Build

BY LT JOHN F. DONOVAN The Navy pays people just to build model ships all day. Sort of like gluing together the $2.89 model kits from hobby shops, except the Navy models run up to $30,000- and they have to be accurate. The modelmaking takes place at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center,Carderock, Md., a quiet retreat near the Potomac, 12 miles northwest of the Capitol, in Washington, D. C. Fifteen modelmakers construct wood and fiberglass models from 10 to 32 feet long and up to five feet wide. Their workis in support of research, development, test and evaluation missions which help the Navy zero in on the best vessels and related equipment the defense dollar can buy. Carderock is where tomorrow's ships are proved today. The Navy tries to go about it in a practical, economical and logicalway. It makessense to build a model of a ship and subject it to simulated sea and combat environments before building the ship itself. Models help engineers observe per- formance, determine designmodifica-

32 ALL HANDS All basinshave electric towing car- riages which are laid on girder structures embedded in concrete and mounted on bedrock. The newhigh-speed carriage under construction will reach speeds of 55 feet per second, equating to more than 100 knots in ship model testing. The model-testing approach is tried andtrue. Benjamin Franklin is thought to be the creator of the first model basin. That consisted of a nar- row troughin which aboard was pulled over water by a string extending over the trough‘s far end, around a pul- ley and attached to a weight. In 1896, Congress provided the Navy $7,500, “for making plans. . . . Towardthe construction of a model tank” at the Washington Navy Yard. David Watson Taylor,for whom the Carderock facility is named, super- vised construction of the first basin. He was theSecretary of the Navy Board of Constructors and had helped design the country’s first three battle- ships. Taylor eventually retired as rear admiral, but not before acquiring the unofficial title of dean of the Navy’s

February 1977 33 hydromechanics, structural mechanics b andaerodynamics pursuits. Taylor was at the Carderock opening in 1940; r he died shortly afterward. Taylorfavored woodmodels and these have been the main type down to the present. Later, waxmodels came into use but have now been discarded. Fiber glass models using wood molds are the newest concept. Today’smodelmakers work in a modem, well-equipped shop adjacent to the long basin. They use high-powered lathes, presses, sanders, saws and other tools to shape“roughs” of the desired models. Wood models of sugar pine planks are glued (no nails) under as muchas one million poundsper square inch to form the rough dimen- sion. Craftsmen use warp-resistant ma- hogany for submarine models. Enter the computer, in this case a “numerical control profiler.” The profiler,which weighs in at 90 tons and cost $300,000, has a two-story gantry that moves two cutting tools past the “roughs,” shaping them along three planes. The cuts are determined according to a computer program that defines a specific drilling, milling or cutting tech- nique. The program is basedon the desired design. The result is a model that meets the most exacting specifica- tions. Even though the whole process takes about 80 working days, the computer techniques saves many man hours. Carderock models are hollow so en-

34 ALL HANDS Many valuable engineering contribu- tionsresult from modelmaking; most notable in the early days was the in- vention of the bulbous bow. This design reduces water resistanceby placing an extension of the bow below the for- ward waterline. Modelmaking requiresexpert artis- ansand aspirants undergo a rigorous five-year apprenticeship with OJT. A good background in shoppractices is a prerequisite and, more than that, an apprentice must havegreat persever- ance in learning the exacting trade. Butonce they havelearned, these modelmakers of Carderock embark on a vocation that might well be the envy of anyone who has lovingly and painstakingly built a model of a clipper or a warship. J,

gineers caninstall scientific payloads of highly sensitive electronicand sounding gauges which measure water resistance, friction, cavitation (the hollow space which trails a vessel moving through water), and otherhydrodynam- ics. Thisinstrumentation yields vital data in shipplanning and makes the whole model effort worthwhile. Carderock wood and fiber glass models usually appear without their super- structure because the vessels'chief utility is to provide observation of per- formance in wet surface areas. A machine shopbuilds model superstructures of metal for testing in wind and smoke environments. Although no models are intended for display, their exact scale makes them suitable for this purpose.

February 1977 35 BY LT G. C. GILLETT howthings should look. Evenmore Bill Cartercompares h;is models of USS Badger (DE 1071) and USS helpful was his almost uncanny ability Knor (DE 1052), noting the differences The lure of the sea is strong, and is to see a common, everyday item, such which can be detected because of the reflected in many ways.Bill Carter’s as a plastic blade dispenser, as a min- materials he uses (household items) and the guides he follows(photographs and “shipyard” in landlocked Wichita Falls, iature component of a ship. drawings).Photos by LT GeorgeGillett. Tex., is a good example. Several monthsand a lot of rum- Bill served six years in the Navy. maging for odds and ends produced an has been either a Navy vessel, or one After his discharge inJune 1946, amazingly realistic model of the old contracted to the Navy at some point, he figured the Navy was a thing of the mail liner. including, too,the gleaming stern past, but somehow the years of ship- Thirty years, a lot of patience, and wheelriver steamer he completed a board life left an impression that sud- an unbelievable amount of odds and month ago. denly emerged in an idle moment as a ends have fostered the growth of the Most models are styled after certain desire to make a model of a ship. With “shipyard,” as his friends have dubbed classes ratherthan specific ships. For no particular goal in mind, he picked his home. By his own admission, Bill example, he may point to one and say, up a picture of an old Baltimore mail isn’t sure how many models hehas “That’s an APD; I’m notreal sure liner and set to work. built, but it is somewhere around 70. which one.” He concedes that his He had never worked with models Although he did not originally intend scale is not always exact,but, “They before, but hissix yearsas a boat- to concentrateon Navy ships,it has run pretty close to one foot to 100 feet swain’s mate left him the knowledge of turned out that every one he has built -his Intrepid is close to eight feet long

36 ALL HANDS Fel~ruary1977 37 n 0

Airwaves’ Recruiting If youwent to highschool in the Barstow,Calif., area, youwould cer- tainlyknow who HappyHarry and Smilin’ Jack are. If (as is more than likely) you didn’t go to high school in Barstow, be advised thatthe Happy Harry andSmilin’ JackRadio Show has an estimated 83 per cent of the kids glued to their radios. Which may still leave some readers racing to say “Who cares?” But consider the fact thatHappy Harry isactually Navy Chief Petty Officer Harry Penny, the localNavy recruiterand that Smilin’ Jack isac- tuallyStaff Sergeant Jack Campbell, local recruiter for that branch of service which flies a lot of airplanes. The two, each of whom at one time belonged to the other’s branch of service, share more than a successful radio show in common. Sincethey teamed up they have been recruiting new sailors and airmen at a pretty good clip. One of the reasons for their success has been guest appearances by people like Skip Young (aboveon the left) process, they manage to contribute to who is known to millions as Wally of the fight against water pollution. E. B. the Ozzie and Harriet Television Bolosan is an oil skimmer craft that has Show of the ’50s. slurped up 15,000 gallons of oil in the A lot of kids inthe Barstow area 18 months she’s been at Pearl. know about Wally and HappyHarry In spite of her steady diet, she re- and Smilin’ Jack because of the suc- mains a fit and trim 20,000 pounds cessful radio show.But what may be and she’s still capable of squeezing more important is that those same kids around piers and shipsand into tight also know quite a bit about theNavy- areas wherefloating oil forms into and that other branch of service which pockets.Designed to collect oil spills flies a lot of airplanes. quickly and efficiently, Bolosun is self- propelled and can be operated by one person. Oily Palate Pays off The other soft spot in the hearts of the harbor cleanup crew goes to “Juicy A Pearl Harbor Navy couple has Lucy,” a convertedWorld War I1 founda way to enjoya greasy-foods landing craft. dietwithout gaining a pound. Inthe Bolo.ran’s palate is tickled only by a

ALL HANDS steady diet of oil, but Juicy Lucy is less the urge to draw, but I didn’t have any fectinghis art. His room is appropri- discriminating.She is quite happy paper,” he said. “My roommate was atelywallpapered with navigational slurping up everything from driftwood the ship’snavigator and he let me charts. Each chart he uses pertains to to tincans. Between the two of them searchthrough a pile of discarded the particular ship he’s drawing. NOW, they are doing a good job of licking the charts. I was looking for a bigpiece however, he purchases his charts from harbor “plate” clean. of white paper, but decided to use the a local distributor. front of a chart instead.” After havingcompleted more than That first chart drawing led to many, 200 chart drawings,Koltz appears to many more, until nowadaysKoltz have hitupon a good thing-without Charting His Art spends four to nine hours a week per- much training. Tell Lieutenant Bruce Koltz that the onlysuccessful artist is the highly trained artist and you’ll probably get an argument. Koltz-who has a penchant for scribbling on charts and has received only a year of formal art education- recently picked up not only the Coro- nado(Calif.) Art Association’s Ar- tist of the Month Award, but also won firstplace inan 1 lth Naval District Arts and Crafts Fairand firstin the Heritage 1976 Art Exhibition graphics category. The USS Bristol County (LST 1198) officer’s style of drawing over navigational charts developedin a coinci- dental way. “In January1974, I had

I I:el)ruary 1977 Bearinss

Tri-Nation Exercise There were Tomcats,Skyhawks, Harriers, Sea Knights, Sea Stallions, Cobras, gators, leathernecks . . . and, of course, koalas, wallabies and kan- garoos. America’s finest were on display in October as nearly 17,000 U. S. serv- icemenjoined 14,000 members of Australian and NewZealand armed forces in Kangaroo 11. This was the largestpeacetime exercise ever conducted in Australia. The 3 1,000-strong tri-nation military force converged in 40 ships and 250 aircraft off Australia’s northeast Queensland shore under sunny skies for the 17-day ANZUS exercise. Kan- garoo I1 was designed to test and re- fine procedures for combined operations in the defense of a coastal area. Highlight of the exercisewas the massive amphibious assault launched by the Navy-Marine Corps sea-air- land team in ShoalwaterBay, 500 miles north of Brisbane. nivcrsarywere held in Kenya’s capi- Mombasa. Theyalsovisited the tal of Nairobi, 250 miles inland. Fly- famous wild animal preserve and the ing from Guam, the AV-8A Harriers ancient Arabian bazaars. Purchases High-flying Celebrants of Marine Attack Squadron 231 sa- wereconcluded despite the babble of luted Kenya in a tightly executed fly- manytongues. With a task group of three U. S. over. Aboard the ships, a special visiting Navyships (CTG 101.l) as special The Chief of Naval Operations, program wasset up whichallowed visitors, the East African nation of Admiral James L. Holloway 111, said Kenyannaval officers and enlisted Kenyacelebrated the 13th anniver- that the“highly successful participa- mento visit their American counter- sary of its independence in December. tion of AV-8A aircraft in Kenyan parts. Officers and men ofUSS Guam Independence Dayactivities once The American Ambassador to (LPH 9), USS Claude I/. Ricketts again demonstrated the ability of the Kenya, Anthony D. Marshall, said (DDG 5) and USS Dupont (DD 941 ) Navy to respond when needed in fur- that he took pride in the peaceful werchosted by celebrants of this therance of diversenational policy mission. formcr Britishcolony. They, in turn, objectives.” “This particularly applies,” he playcdhosts to the many eager ship- He extendedhis personal “well added, “when-by peacefulactions- board visitors during the four-day done” to all concerned. the United States, through the Navy stay in Mombasa. Visiting U. S. Sailors and Marines and Marine Corps, can ‘show the flag’ Official ccrcmonies marking the an- tookthein sights and sounds of toward maintaining peace.”

40 ALL HANDS terpretation of “quiet time” Mike has settled on what many may consider an Top SurfPac Enlisted Wail of a Banshee appropriate vocation. He’s studying to New Master Chief Petty Officer for become a forest ranger. theNaval Surface Force Pacificis Aviation Administration Man Third Master ChiefBoatswain’s Mate Jesse Class Mike Baumeister-Navyman and J. Holloway. A native of Enfield, college student-is a part-time ban- N. C., the 27-year Navy veteran pre- shee. viously served in USS Monticello (LSD At least, Mike’s bagpiping may 35) as Master Chief Petty Officer of sound like. the wail of a banshee to the Command and also as that ship’s some, but it’s music to his Scottish ears. training team leaderand enlisted When not at work at Naval Air Sta- watch coordinator. The new MCPOF tion, Patuxent River, Md., or attending was promoted to E-9 in Jan. 1973. school at St. Mary’s College ‘of Mary- land, Mike can often be foundstrolling thebanks of Patuxent River playing 16th century bagpipesongs. His grasp of things Scottish traces to his mother’s side of the family. Besides playing the bagpipes hehas traveled throughScotland while on leave and collected Scottish memora- bilia, including the kilt. (“A true Scot would never, ever discuss what he wears under his kilt,” he.said with a grin-1 He plays the bagpipes during his “quiet time” and, since neighbors and friends don’t often agree withhis in-

February 1977 41 aLJs up to uersatility BY LT PHILIP KAZANJIAN

The Navy’s Tomahawk Missile now being perfected-is so accurate that a nuclear submarine could fire one at a street corner 450 miles away, and hit within 30 feet of the trafficlight at that corner. Scheduled for initial deployment to the fleet in the early 1980s, the Toma- hwk is a highly versatile weapon capable of being launched from surface ships, submarines,aircraft orland platforms. The missile’s versatility, rangeand accuracy have madethe Tomahawk program “the most important we have underway in regard to po- tentialand application,” according to Deputy Secretary of Defense William Clements. Basically the Tomahawk is a rela- tively light (2650 pounds), small (219 inches long by 21 inches in diameter), pilotless airplane propelled by a turbofan engine. Its Soviet counter- part, now standard on most Soviet warships and older submarines, is 37 feet long and weighs 26,000 pounds. Tomahawks contain a number of features which represent major technological breakthroughs in weapon development : The turbofan engine powering the missileweighs only 130 pounds and is less than three feet long. Considered to be one of the smallest turbofan engines in the world, it is capable of de- veloping morethan 500 pounds of thrust at cruise conditions and able to

4’3 propel Tomahawk at high subsonic speeds. Thereare two variations of the missile-nuclear and conventional. Tomahawks carrying nuclear warheads will have ranges of approximately 2,000 miles. The conventional version, designed for antiship missions, has an operational range of over 250 nautical miles. Both the nuclear and conventional versions are highly accurate. The long-range land attack Tom- ahawk owes its accuracy toan onboard computer,aradar altimeter, inertial guidance, anda navigationsystem called TERCOM (terrain contourmap ping).The systemallows the cruise missile to hug the ground while maintaining verylow flight altitudes, over varying degrees of terrain roughness, In this way Tomahawks are able to avoid detection by long-range early warning enemy radar. Because Tomahawk is designed for launch from submarine torpedo tubes, it is readily adaptable for use on any platform. Whenfired from a submarine, surface ship or ground launcher, the missile is powered by a solid-pro- peknt rocket motor. Once in flight, wings and fins are deployed from stowed positions within the cylindrical missilebody. The rocketmotor con- tinues in use until Tomahawk reaches a speed which permits its turbofan en- Above: A versatile missile, Tomahawk can be lurrnched from submarines, surfuce ships, uircruft und land platforms; here it is mounted on un A-6 Intruder. At Right: Artist's concept of missile in flight. (AI1 General Dynumics photos.) 44 ALL HANDS Left: Production and assembly of Tomahawk Cruise Missile at West Coast plant. Below: Off the production line. gine to take over for the cruise portion of the flight. One major advantage of Tomahawk is the capability to strike at land and sea targets from outside the enemy’s weapons range.While Tomahawk won’t replace the torpedo, it isex- pected that a number of cruise missiles will be carried by submarines. The exact number, of course, will be ‘dic- tated by mission, nature of threat and g~graPhY* Although Tomahawk Missiles are butone of the Navy’songoing hard- ware developments, it isrecognized, according toGeneral GeorgeBrown (Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff), as “having significant use in the Navy’s ---trol mission.” J,

Named “otomahuk” by Algonquians and just as deadly. I II 1 II IT living along the St. Lawrence, the tom- After the arrival of Europeans, ahawk was the war hatchet of the stone was abandoned and heads were North American Indians. Meaning “to usually fashioned of iron but sharpened knock down,” itwas used both in atone end only. The bluntend was hand-to-hand combat and as a throw- occasionallychipped out and made ing weapon, but also served as a small into a pipe bowl-the hollowed handle axe. served as a stem. Known as peacepipes Most tomahawks were made of a by whitemen, these tomahawks were stone sharpened at the ends and driven venerated by all tribes and displayed in into a hole bored through a stout wood- their chiefs’ wigwams. en cudgel. More primitive types, how- Symbolic of both war and peace, the ever, had stone heads simply bound tomahawks were ceremoniously buried to clubswith animal sinews or tough at the end of hostilities to be exhumed vines.A deer antler wassometimes with equal pomp when war resumed- substituted, making the weapon’sap- hence the expression “burying the pearance similar to a modern pickaxe hatchet.”

February 1977 45 Information Exchanse Q. Can the Navy require itspeople to pay a private tiated exchange of duty (Swap). If both commands are in debt? How can indebtedness aflect a Navy person’s career? agreement, first-termers are given the opportunity to swap A, The Navy is without legal authority to require a serv- to either sea or shore duty, provided all eligibility require- ice member to pay a private debt or to divert any part of ments are met and that all swaps are executed at no cost to his/her pay to the satisfaction of a debt, even though a the government. civil court has directed payment.* On the other hand, Navy personnel are not, by virtue of military status, released Q. What practical qualifications must an officer demon- from any continuing obligation to obey pertinent civil laws strate, in addition to passing the written test, to be qualified which may require payment of debts. A Navy person who for command? repeatedly incurs debts beyond his or her ability to pay may A. First, he mustqualify as an engineeringofficer of jeopardize security clearance status, advancement status, the watch. Thiscan be done during a present shipboard certain duty assignments, and qualification for reenlistment tour or canbe authenticated from qualification achieved or extension of enlistment. during a previous tour. Next he must demonstrate seaman- ship prowess under cognizance of an officer of the grade of “However, pay may be directed to be garnisheed in cases captain in the. following: mooring, getting underway from of alimony and child support nonpayment. a pier or nest, anchoring, maneuvering in restricted waters, recovering (simulated) a man overboard, replenishment at Q. If I enroll in an academic program under the Navy sea, and evolutions peculiar to ship type. Campus for Achievement, how long may I take to earn my college degree? Q. Under the new method of determining Champus pay- A. If you enroll in an NCFA degree component institu- ments, how much are doctors and other providers of medical tion, you will have 10 years from the date of your Letter of care allowed to receive? Agreement to complete your academicprogram, whether A. Under the new method, a factor known as the 75th or not you stay in the Navy. percentile is used. This does not mean that Champus payments are reduced to 75 per cent of the billed charges, but Q. Why did the Department of the Navy cancel its Pro- simply that the prevailing charge is now set at an amount ficiency Flying Program? whichis high enough to cover the usual charges for any A. The Department of the Navy undertook an extensive service or supply in three out of four bills from all doctors review of the Proficiency Flying Program because .of bud- or other providers of medical care. These rates are deter- getary constraints, and found that about $6.5 milli’on might mined during the previous year, and there maybe differ- be saved annually. The money saved will be reprogrammed ences due to varying local rates. ;E, to other, more essential, aviation requirements. Ruth Hank-Hon. Mention, ’76 Cartoon Contest Q. Why docertain enlisted personnel graduate from ‘

46 ALL HANDS Caravans ofbuses from Annapolis finished (or werethey?) the teams and West Point rolled into thepark- finallybegan the game. ing lot at almost the same time. Spec- The excitement and color accom- tators, trudging toward the stadium panyingany college football game -arms laden with blankets and ther- was present, but here theexcitement mos bottles-paused to cheer or bleat wasmagnified by 77 years of tradi- derisionas the “good” and the “bad” tional rivalry. Andthe color wasin- guys passed. tensifiedby the masses of blue and of grayuniforms (and a couple of art- (Continued from page 27) The thousands milling blue and grey uniforms surprisingly sorted fullyplaced green and white smoke shothigher, the hundreds of pleasure themselves out and quicklybegan bombs inthe Army ranks-theBi- craftin the harbor wereilluminated forming into solidblocks-ready to zarre AC’s final ploy.) by the raging bonfire. Now the count- enter the stadium. Earlyin the fourthquarter, with down began in earnest: one more day The pre-gameactivities were han- Navyholding a not-necessarily-insur- of classes, Thanksgiving Day and then dledwith dispatch. First the massed mountable lead, a midshipman-girl- on to Philadelphia for the game. Corps of Cadets, then the Brigade of friend on one arm, air horn and blan- Saturday morning at John F. Ken- Midshipmenwere presented tothe ket in the other-was seen leaving the nedy Memorial Stadiumin Philadel- audience. The combined West Point stadium. phia didn’tlook promising. One of and Annapolis choirs sang the Na- “The sunjust broke through the thestadium security guards, portable tional Anthem, the starting lineup of clouds and shone directly on the Navy radio next to his ear, stoodin the eachteam was announced and the huddle,” he said. “If that doesn’t soggy end zone and gazed at the black coin-toss was handled with aplomb at mean we’ve gotit all wrapped up, I scuddingclouds. “Hey, gang,it’ll be the 50-yard line. It wastime to play don’t know what does.” fair today,” came the radio an- some football. Navy had wrapped it all up.The nouncer’svoice, “with absolutely no Almost. midshipmen trounced Army forthe chance of rain and a record-breaking An official black limousinewith fourth year in a row, 38-10. high temperature of 60 degrees. I’ll two streaming American flags and Andas the 4,000 midshipmen be back with a look atthe national surrounded by running men entered poured from the stadium, one map after this important word. . . .” the stadium and came to a screeching couldn’thelp but wonder. Could The guard snorted. halt in front of the VIP box on the there beone plebe among themwho Concessionnaires fought the blus- Army side. Many of the Army cadets -at that very moment was formulat- terywinds as theyset up hot dog, sprang from their seats to rigid atten- ing an Army-Navyweek prank that popcorn andsoda stands. A net- tion. willfinally eclipse the car-demolish- work.television cameraman, walking Out of the limousine rolled a burly ing stunt? hunched over against the wind, moved man wearing a GeraldFord rubber Time will tell from stand to stand. “All the hot mask. The Naval Academy’sBrigade chocolate in the world,” he said to no Activities Committee, also known as one in particular, “but not a single the Bizarre AC, had struck again. cup of coffee is ready yet.” Preliminaries andpranks finally Sonlc of the old traditions, like the post-ganw cuff link ewclrarrge between cadets and midshipmen, took a new twist this year.

February 1977 47 Stern Shots

How well can you read a damage control diagram? -1. Hatch In an emergency, the safety of your ship could depend -2. Bulkhead penetration on your knowledge. The symbols below are commonly used to indicate -3. Sea chest valves and other fittings on damage control diagrams. -4. Stop-Lift check valve Can you identify them? Test yourself. Hereare the answers, match them with theproper symbol. -5. Reliefvalve or spring-loaded check valve Answers appear below. -6. Fog foam proportioner pump and control -7. Remotely operated clolsure fitting

F D

48 ALL HANDS Secretary Honors Navy Wives

Outgoing Secretary of the Navy 1. William Middendorf I1 takes to the boatswain’s pipe in prescnting a specially prepared certificate of apprcciatiox to Mrs.Dabney Holloway (center), wife of the Chief of Naval Operations, and Mrs. Frances Walker, wife of the Master Chief Petty Oficer of the Navy, on his last day in ofice. The certificate notedboth ladies’ “steadfast, unselfisl~and too often rlnheralded contribution in fr~rthernnceof Navy goals. . . .” Bythis presentation, the Secretary honored the quiet and dedicated efforts of the wives of all Navy oficers and enlisred men the world over. Pholo by David Wilson.