Brazilian Samba

Rio de Janeiro (city, state, and river) and Bahia (state) on the eastern coast of South America are the birthplaces of Samba. São Paulo (state) is often called “Samba grave” because it is associated with a more melancholic and slower kind of samba. Some well known Samba composers are Noel Rosa, Cartola, Adoniran Barbosa, Dorival Caymmi, Paulinho da Viola, and Martinho da Vila.

What do you know about any of those Brazilian locations? ______

Instruments found in Brazilian Samba Music

Percussion instruments in Samba music - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XC0yHAw3-8w ​

Surdo Large Bass Drum played muffled and unmuffled, uses a mallet. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9tHmSbM2P4

Agogo Bells Two or more attached bells of different pitches, struck with a stick. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rc_MAMM0wXA

Tamborin Small handheld drum struck with a stick. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4MhR91cCQ4

Ganza A rattle consisting of a metal, plastic, or hand-woven basket tube filled with pebbles or large seeds. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGACcXHOyf0

Cuica A friction drum played by rubbing with a damp cloth a stick that is embedded into the head of the drum. Expert cuica players can imitate many animal sounds and even play melodies. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4S0E89GqN8

Pandeiro A Brazilian instrument similar to a tambourine. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOKMskS-EQY

Cavaquinho A 4-string guitar, similar to a ukulele. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cILU9TpQwxA

6- or 7- string https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oGJbAKXJbo guitar

Samba is a very complex music and dance genre. Its roots lie in the dances and religious practices of the West African slaves that were brought to Brazil during Portuguese colonisation, starting in the 1500s through the 1800s. The tempo can be fast or slow, and the lyrics speak mostly about love and everyday life. There is often a pinch of humor. The rhythm is often very driving and syncopated (accents off the beats).

The first samba ever recorded was Pelo Telefone (On the Telephone) by Donga and Mauro de Almeida ​ ​ in 1917. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woLpDB4jjDU ​

What instruments and/or voices do you hear? ______

How would you describe this music? (Tempo {speed}, style, rhythm, voice(s), lyrics, mood, etc.) ______

Listen to these three additional examples of Brazilian samba music and answer the questions below.

Dorival Caymmi - Samba da Minha Terra - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwNEBGLpnik ​ Geraldo Filme - Tradição - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdIC8NrcDt0 ​ Martinho Da Vila - Seleção de Partido Alto - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7RMvCVMh-Y ​

What differences and/or similarities can you find in these sambas? ______

How does the rhythm influence the mood of these songs? ______

Which of these three songs do you like best? ______

Why? ______

Which of these three songs do you like least? ______

Why? ______

Watch this video and answer the following questions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Pq8vOVbvzs ​ ​ ​

What is appealing about this performance? ______

Do you think you could perform in a group like this? ______

Why or why not? ______

Would you prefer to perform in a large group, where there is power in numbers, OR perform alone, where you get all of the positive (and negative) attention for your performance? ______

Why? ______

What is a rhetorical device? By ThoughtCo., adapted by Newsela staff on 08.13.19 Word Count 781 Level 960L

Illustration by: DrAfter123 / Getty Images

Have you ever had an emotional reaction to a speech or changed your mind because of it? If so, you've experienced the power of rhetoric. Any time you try to inform, persuade or argue with someone, you're engaging in rhetoric. Rhetoric can be expressed in speech and in writing.

Rhetorical devices are the building blocks of persuasive speech or writing. They are specific tools of language that construct an argument or evoke a particular reaction from an audience. They work on many levels: sentence structure, sounds and patterns of meaning, to name a few.

Rhetoric generally operates in the following modes of persuasion.

Logos

Speakers using this mode seek to convince and persuade via logic, reason and ordered thinking. They usually cite numbers, data, facts and statements by authorities to support their arguments.

Pathos

Pathos is the use of emotion to influence an audience.

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Ethos

Appeals to ethos try to convince the audience that the speaker is a believable and trustworthy source. The speaker has the experience and judgment necessary to decide what's right.

Kairos

This is one of the most difficult concepts in rhetoric. Speakers employing kairos rely on the fact that the time has come for a particular idea or action and the very timeliness of the idea is part of the argument.

Top Rhetorical Devices

Many rhetorical devices have roots in ancient Greek. The following list contains some important rhetorical devices to understand:

Alliteration is a sonic device in which the initial consonant sound of each word is repeated. For example, critics cry for crumbs of Columbus.

Anadiplosis is the use of the same word at the end of one sentence and at the beginning of the next sentence. It forms a chain of thought that carries your audience to the point you've chosen.

Anaphora is the repetition of certain words or phrases at the beginning of sentences to increase the power of a feeling. Perhaps the best-known example of anaphora is Martin Luther King Jr.'s repetition of the phrase "I have a dream" in his most famous speech.

Apophasis is when a speaker brings up a subject by denying that the subject should be brought up at all.

Asterismos. Look. This is the technique of inserting an attention-grabbing word in front of your sentence. It's useful if you think your listeners are getting a bit bored and restless.

Chiasmus occurs when a speaker inverts the order of a phrase to create a pretty and powerful sentence.

Dialogismus refers to moments when the speaker imagines what someone else is thinking, or speaks in the voice of someone else. The goal is to explain the counterargument and then argue against it.

Hyperbole is an exaggerated statement. It conveys emotion and raises the bar for other speakers. In other words, it is the best rhetorical device ever! What do you have to say about that, hypophora?

Hypophora is the trick of posing a question and then immediately supplying the answer. It's useful because it stimulates listener interest and creates a clear transition point in the speech.

Examples Of Rhetorical Devices

Rhetorical devices aren't just for debates and arguments, they are also used in everyday speech, literature, screenwriting, legal arguments and more. Consider these famous examples and their impact on their audience.

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. "Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering." – "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back"

Rhetorical Device: Anadiplosis. The pairs of words at the beginning and ending of each sentence give the impression that the speaker's logic is perfectly assembled and beyond attack or question.

"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." — President John F. Kennedy

Rhetorical Device: Chiasmus. The inversion across the sentence creates a sense of balance that reinforces the idea's correctness.

"I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience." — President Ronald Reagan

Rhetorical Device: Apophasis. In this quip from a presidential debate, Reagan expresses mock reluctance to comment on his opponent's age, which ultimately does the job of raising the point of his opponent's age.

"But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground." — Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address

Rhetorical Device: Anaphora. Lincoln's use of repetition gives his words a sense of rhythm that emphasizes his message. This is also an example of kairos: Lincoln senses that the public must find a higher purpose to accept the violence of the Civil War and thus decides to make this statement appealing to the higher purpose of abolishing slavery.

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Quiz

1 Read the section "Examples Of Rhetorical Devices."

Select the paragraph from the article that suggests that some rhetorical devices rely on reasoning and ordered thinking to make a point.

(A) Rhetorical devices aren't just for debates and arguments, they are also used in everyday speech, literature, screenwriting, legal arguments and more. Consider these famous examples and their impact on their audience.

(B) Rhetorical Device: Anadiplosis. The pairs of words at the beginning and ending of each sentence give the impression that the speaker's logic is perfectly assembled and beyond attack or question.

(C) Rhetorical Device: Apophasis. In this quip from a presidential debate, Reagan expresses mock reluctance to comment on his opponent's age, which ultimately does the job of raising the point of his opponent's age.

(D) Rhetorical Device: Anaphora. Lincoln's use of repetition gives his words a sense of rhythm that emphasizes his message. This is also an example of kairos: Lincoln senses that the public must find a higher purpose to accept the violence of the Civil War, and thus decides to make this statement appealing to the higher purpose of abolishing slavery.

2 Which sentence in the section "Top Rhetorical Devices" BEST supports the conclusion that some rhetorical devices rely on patterns?

(A) Alliteration is a sonic device in which the initial consonant sound of each word is repeated.

(B) Apophasis is when a speaker brings up a subject by denying that the subject should be brought up at all.

(C) Dialogismus refers to moments when the speaker imagines what someone else is thinking, or speaks in the voice of someone else.

(D) Hypophora is the trick of posing a question and then immediately supplying the answer.

3 What is MOST likely the reason the author included the information about kairos?

(A) to describe a rhetorical device that most people use in everyday life

(B) to explain a rhetorical device that is only reserved for debates

(C) to highlight one of the four modes of persuasion in which rhetoric works

(D) to illustrate one of the four modes of persuasion that is most useful

4 Which sentence from the introduction [paragraphs 1-3] BEST introduces rhetoric to the reader?

(A) If so, you've experienced the power of rhetoric.

(B) Any time you try to inform, persuade or argue with someone, you're engaging in rhetoric.

(C) Rhetoric can be expressed in speech and in writing.

(D) Rhetoric generally operates in the following modes of persuasion.

This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Anecdotes & Fables:

Language has become an essential element of artwork of many artists. Read the following excerpt from MOMA (Museum of Modern Art):

“Language was an important tool for Conceptual artists in the 1960s. Many used language in place of more traditional materials like brushes and canvas, and words played a primary role in their emphasis on ideas over visual forms. Though text had been used in art long before this, artists like Joseph Kosuth were among the first to give words such a central role.”

You can read the whole article at: https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes/conceptual- art/language-and-art/

This week we are going to start a project that uses language to create an artwork.

I would like you to first fill out the worksheet. It has some Anecdotes and Fables. Anecdotes are short amusing or interesting stories about a real incident or person. Fables are short stories (usually with animals as characters) that teach morals. With each anecdote/fable you need to think of a lesson and then create a slogan. Slogan is a short meaningful phrase. For example:

(Previous Students’ work)

Your slogans should be original and creative and preferably have a moral lesson or humorous comment. In short, they should be thought provoking.

Keep this worksheet in a safe place. There will be more on this next week.

Let me know if you have any questions or if you want to discuss the anecdotes and fables in the worksheet.

Take care!

Omer Name: ______Block: ______Date: ______

Student Designed Games Presentation

Directions: ​ Design your own game and create a powerpoint presentation explaining your game. Your game can include skills and rules from existing games, sports, activities, but must be an original idea.

Your powerpoint must contain a title slide, table of contents, equipment needed to play, the playing field or court, how to win the game, what skills are needed to play the game, the rules of the game, the players involved in the game, and what health-related and skill-related fitness components help you to be more successful when playing the game and why they help you. If you need to add extra slides to fit all the information in the presentation, you may.

Your student designed games presentation is due by May 22 (05/22/20). Your presentation does not have to be presented to the class or teacher, please submit on google classroom.

Slide Title Slide Requirements Total Points

Slide 1 Title Slide 1. Name of game ______/ 5 points 2. Student name 3. Date submitted

Slide 2 Table of 1. List of slide titles in presentation order. ______/ 5 points Contents

Slide 3 Equipment 1. What equipment do you need to play the game? This includes, goals, ______/ 5 points balls, nets, sticks, baskets, etc.. 2. What do the players wear? 3. What do the players wear to stay safe?

Slide 4 Playing 1. Description of the playing field/court ______/ 5 points field/court 2. Diagram of the playing field/court 3. Boundary lines

Slide 5 How to win 1. Explain how a team wins the game ______/ 5 points a. How many points does a team get when they score? b. How can a team score? Are there different ways that result in different points?

Slide 6 Skills need ● Possible skills: Catching and throwing, striking, kicking and trapping, ______/ 10 to play volleying, etc. points

Slide 7 Rules 1. How does the game begin? ______/ 10 2. How does the game end? points 3. How many points does a team get after the score? Can a team score different amounts of points for different ways to score? 4. Are there time limits on possession of the ball? Are there fouls? Or penalties? What happens after a foul or penalty?

Slide 8 Players 1. How many players do you need on each team to play? ______/ 10 2. What are the responsibilities of each player? Are there positions? points 3. Are there substitutes? When can substitutes enter the game?

Slide 9 Health- 1. Which HRF & SRF components are needed to be successful when ______/ 10 Related & playing points Skill-Related a. Possible components: speed, agility, strength, muscular and cardio Fitness endurance, coordination, reaction time, et.

PE / Health Lab

Instructions:

Complete the box below with a complete sentence.

Complete the box with a picture that represents that word.

One sentence and one picture 1) TEAMWORK

2) FIRST AID

3) COMPONENTS

OF FITNESS

1

1

]

]

1 Name:______

1. A visitor to the factory of the Ford Motor Company happened to meet Henry Ford himself. Pointing to a finished car, Ford proudly declared, "There are exactly four thousand, seven hundred and nineteen parts in that model." Impressed that the president should have such details at his fingertips, the visitor frequently asked a company engineer if the statement were true. The engineer shrugged his shoulders. "I am sure I don't know," he replied. "I can't think of a more useless piece of information." ̶The Little, Brown Book of Anecdotes.

Lesson:______

Possible Slogan:______

2. Nan-in, a Japanese master during the Meiji era (1868-1912), received a university professor who came to inquire about Zen. Nan-in served tea. He poured his visitor’s cup full, and then kept on pouring. The professor watched the overflow until he no longer could restrain himself. “It is overfull. No more will go in!” “Like this cup,” Nan-in said, “you are full of your own opinions and speculations. How can I show you Zen unless you first empty your cup?” Zen Koan

Lesson:______

Slogan:______

3. James Gordon Jr: "Why is he running, Dad? Commissioner James Gordon: Because we have to chase him. James Gordon Jr: He didn't do anything wrong. Commissioner James Gordon: Because he's the hero Gotham deserves, but not the one it needs right now. So, we'll hunt him, because he can take it. Because he's not our hero. He's a silent guardian. A watchful protector. Movie: A Dark Knight

Lesson:______

Slogan:______

1

4. A crow perishing with thirst saw a pitcher, and hoping to find water, flew to it with delight. When he reached it, he discovered to his grief that it contained so little water that he could not possibly get at it. He tried everything he could think of to reach the water, but all his efforts were in vain. At last he collected as many stones as he could carry and dropped them one by one with his beak into the pitcher, until he brought the water within his reach and thus saved his life. Aesop’s Fables, sixth century BC

Lesson:______

Slogan:______

______

5. A man had a cow; she gave each day a pot full of milk. The man invited a number of guests. To have as much milk as possible, he did not milk the cow for ten days. He thought that on the tenth day the cow would give him ten pitchers of milk. But the cow’s milk went back, and she gave less milk than before.—Fables for Children, by Leo Tolstoy

Lesson:______

Slogan:______

2

]

]

2 Name: ______Date: ______

Linear Equations

1. On this slope-intercept equation, label the slope and y-intercept.

y = mx + b

Rewrite the following equations in slope-intercept form.

2. 2y = 8 + 4x

3. 10x – 8y = 4x – 8

4. x = -2y - 10

5. .5y = .5x + .5

Once you have put those equations in slope-intercept form, graph 2 and 3 on the coordinate planes.

y y 6. 7.

x x

continued next page Name: ______Date: ______

continued4 from previous page Linear Equations

y y 8. 9.

x x

10. Write the equation of this line in slope-intercept format.

y

(2, 5)

(1, 3)

(0, 1) x