OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 52 NO. 3 SUMMER 2002 PUBLISHED BY THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO The Archaeological Society of Ohio MEMBERSHIP AND DUES TERM Annual dues to the Archaeological Society of Ohio are payable on the first of EXPIRES A.S.O. OFFICERS January as follows: Regular membership $20.00; husband and wife (one copy of publication) $21.00; Individual Life Membership $400. Husband and wife Life 2004 President Dr. Brian G. Foltz, 6566 Charles Rd., Westerville, OH Membership $600. Subscription to the Ohio Archaeologist, published quarterly, 43082(614)882-3878. is included in the membership dues. The Archaeological Society of Ohio is an 2004 Vice President John Mocic, Box 170-RD #1, Dilles Bottom, incorporated non-profit organization. OH 43947, (740)676-1077. PUBLICATIONS AND BACK ISSUES 2004 Immediate Past President Walt Sperry, 1006 1/2 S. Main St., Mt. Publications and back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist: Vernon, OH 43050, (740) 392-9774. Ohio Flint Types, by Robert N. Converse $40.00 add $4.50 P-H 2004 Executive Secretary Frank Otto, 2200 E. Powell Rd., Lewis Ohio Stone Tools, by Robert N. Converse $ 8.00 add $1.50 P-H Ohio Slate Types, by Robert N. Converse $15.00 add $1.50 P-H Center, OH 43035 (614) 846-9006. The Glacial Kame Indians, by Robert N. Converse.$25.00 add $2.50 P-H 2006 Treasurer Gary Kapusta, 3294 Herriff Rd., Ravenna, OH 44266, 1980's & 1990's $ 6.00 add $1.50 P-H (330) 296-2287. 1970's $ 8.00 add $1.50 P-H 2004 Recording Secretary Rocky Falleti, 5904 South Ave., 1960's $10.00 add $1.50 P-H Youngstown, OH 44512 (330) 788-1598. Back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist printed prior to 1964 are generally out of print but copies are available from time to time. Write to business office 2006 Editor Robert N. Converse, 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, for prices and availability. OH 43064, (614)873-5471. BUSINESS MANAGER ASO CHAPTERS Aboriginal Explorers Club Don Casto, 138 Ann Court, Lancaster, OH 43130 President: Mark Cline, 1127 Esther Ave., Wellsville, OH 43968 (330) 532-1157 Business phone: 1-800-736-7815 - Home phone: 1-740-653-9477. Beau Fleuve Chapter TRUSTEES President: Richard Sojka, 11253 Broadway, Alden, NY 14004 (716) 681-2229 Blue Jacket Chapter 2004 Randall Hackworth, 1963 Moulton-Ft. Amanda Rd., President: Chris Shoe, 6055 St. Rt. 589, Fletcher, OH 45326 (937) 368-2611 Wapakoneta, OH 45895 (419) 657-6557. Chippewa Valley Chapter 2004 Jon Anspaugh, 210 E. Silver, Wapakoneta, OH 45895 (419) President: Eric Deel, 585 Diagonal Rd., 1119, Akron, OH 44320 (330) 762-4108 738-3708. Cuyahoga Valley Chapter 2004 George Colvin, 220 Darbymoor Dr., Plain City, OH 43064 (614) President: Joyce Kish, 3014 Clark Mill Rd., Norton, OH 44303 (330) 753-7081 Dividing Ridges Chapter 873-9825. President: John Mocic, Box 170, RD#1, Dilles Bottom, OH 43947 (740) 676-1077 2004 James G. Hovan, 16979 S. Meadow Cir., Strongsville, OH Flint Ridge Chapter 44136(440)238-1799. President: Richard D. Mots, 14898 St. Rt. 13, Thornville, OH 43076 (740) 659-9618 2006 Michael Van Steen, 5303 Wildman Rd., Cedarville, OH 45314 Fort Salem Chapter (937)766-5411. President: Dennis Link, 1037 Ritchey Rd., Felicity, OH 45120 (513) 876-4140 Fulton Creek Chapter 2006 Carl Harruff, PO Box 81, Sparta, OH 43350 (419) 253-4804. President: Don Mathis, 23000 St. Rt. 47, West Mansfield, OH 43350 2006 Chris Rummell, 478 Burns Dr. N., Westerville, OH 43082 (614) (937) 355-7065 895-0714. Johnny Appleseed Chapter 2006 Elaine Holzapfel, 415 Memorial Dr., Greenville, OH 45331 President: Jeff Zemrock, 903 Twp. Rd. 2850, Perrysville, OH 44864 (937) 548-0325. (419)938-6252 CHAIRMAN FRAUDULENT ARTIFACTS COMMITTEE King Beaver Chapter President: Dick McConnell, 836 Cleland Mill Rd„ New Castle, PA (724) 667-9330 RUSSELL STRUNK, PO BOX 55, BATAVIA, OH 45103 Kokosing Chapter REGIONAL COLLABORATORS President: Paul Hothem, 934 East High St., Mt. Vernon, OH 43950 (740) 397-5778 Lake County Chapter Mike Rusnak, 1642 Friar Road, Stow, OH 44224 President: Douglas R. Divish, 35900 Chardon Rd., Willoughby, OH 44094 Mark W. Long, Box 627, Jackson, OH 45640 (440) 942-0563 Steven Kelley, Seaman, OH Mad River Chapter James L. Murphy, University Libraries, 1858 Neil Avenue Mall, President: Chuck Oliver, 2717 Stoney Creek St., Springfield, OH 45501 Columbus, OH 43210 (937) 390-0889 Gordon Hart, 760 N. Main St., Bluffton, Indiana 46714 Mahoning Valley Chapter Jeff Carskadden, 960 Eastward Circle, Colony North, President: Rocky Falleti, 5904 South Ave., Youngstown, OH 44512 (330) 788-1598 Zanesville, OH 43701 Miamiville Archaeological Conservation Chapter President: Art Heaton, 165 North St., Batavia, OH 45103 (513) 732-3807 Elaine Holzapfel, 415 Memorial Drive, Greenville, OH 45331 Mound City Chapter Brian DaRe, 58561 Sharon Blvd., Rayland, OH 43943 President: John Barnhart, 200 Northridge Rd., Circleville, OH 43113 Lloyd Harnishfeger, 203 Steiner St., Pandora, OH 45877 (740) 474-4608 Dr. Robert Morris, Ward St. at N. Wittenberg Ave., PO Box 720, Sandusky Bay Chapter Springfield, OH 45501-0720 President: George DeMuth, 4303 Nash Rd., Wakeman, OH 44889 (440) 839-2125 Gary Fogelman, 245 Fairview Rd., Turbotville, PA 17772-9599 Sandusky Valley Chapter ASO Webmaster - Steven Carpenter - www.ohioarch.org President: Dale Stansberry, 13825 C.H. 64, Upper Sandusky, OH 43351 (n.a.) Six Rivers Chapter All articles, reviews, and comments regarding the Ohio Archaeologist President: Brian Foltz, 6566 Charles Rd., Westerville, OH 43082 (614) 890-0777 should be sent to the Editor. Memberships, requests for back issues, Standing Stone Chapter changes of address, and other inquiries should be sent to the Busi­ President: Thomas Hale, 11144 Hampton Dr., Pickerington, OH 43137 ness Manager. (614) 837-9498 PLEASE NOTIFY THE BUSINESS MANAGER OF ADDRESS Sugarcreek Valley Chapter CHANGES IMMEDIATELY SINCE, BY POSTAL REGULATIONS, President: David W. Reed III, 2469 Scott Drive, Wooster, OH 44691 (330) 264-2839 SOCIETY MAIL CANNOT BE FORWARDED. Their Fires Are Cold Chapter President: Kevin Boos, 5710 Old Railroad, Sandusky, OH 44870 (419) 627-6254 BUSINESS MANAGER Don Casto, 138 Ann Court, Lancaster, OH 43130 Business Phone 1-800-736-7815 Home Phone 740-653-9477 ASO WEBSITE - www.ohioarch.org TABLE OF CONTENTS President's Page 3 PRESIDENT'S PAGE Front Cover Information 3 More Depression Era Archaeology The Thomas Brothers One of the truly best ways to experience the fall season is to be out in the & McMillen Mounds field hunting artifacts. Cut corn and bean fields signal the beginning of a new by D. R. Gehlbach 4 Mole Cache season. Just watch out for hunters and bureaucrats. The danger from hunters by Brian and Melinda Stierhoff 8 is obvious but you might ask about bureaucrats. We now have a debate going A Double-Salvaged Notched Winged Bannerstone on in the state concerning the "development of a preservation program in Ohio by Robert White 9 Discoidals From the D.R. Gahlbach Collection for abandoned cemeteries and unmarked human burial grounds." by Robert N. Converse 10 Here's what is going on. The Ohio House of Representatives "Select Com­ Dr. Olaf Prufer Receives Annual Converse Award ... 10 mittee to Study the Effectiveness of Ohio's Historical Programs and Partner­ Two Popeyed Birdstones From Northern Ohio by Mike Cramer 11 ships" (SCSEOHPP) issued a report that recommends that "an unmarked Woodland Slate From The Dr. Winsch Collection human burial ground preservation program be developed for the state of byLarHothem 12 Ohio." The idea for this law was developed by the Ohio Historic Preservation Fine Summer ASO Show at Seaman's Fort by Michael Rusnak 13 Office. They assembled a meeting of what they termed a "group of interested A Human Effigy From Madisonville stakeholders " These "stakeholders" included statewide organizations rep­ by Robert N. Converse 14 resenting genealogical, historical, archaeological, local and state governments Diary of a Collection by Nancy Ford 15 Chisels by Bill Roland 17 and law enforcement agencies and Native American communities. As you can Artifacts From Northwestern Ohio see, this is a diverse group. by Tom McAdams 18 Although I was invited as President of the Archaeological Society of Ohio to A Rare Kenneth Chert Find In Ohio by Sharon Ehas ... 19 A Harrodsburg Chert Fluted Point From Branch County, join their "powwow" I declined to attend. The original list of 20 invitees listed Michigan one archaeologist and myself along with 12 people representing the "native by David Zinkie 20 Americans." Twelve people representing the "native American" group and only Editorial Comment on the Mielke Site Report by Robert N. Converse 20 one archaeologist. We have chapters with more members than all the "native Adams County Winged Bannerstone by Dan Rosette. . 21 Americans" combined. We need to ask our State Representatives whether The Greg Shipley Suit Settled - A Win for the Collectors these "native Americans" are recognized by any state or federal governments - by Robert N. Converse 21 Anchor Pendants From the David Root Collection are they tax-paying citizens of Ohio - what are their credentials and what is by Robert N. Converse 22 their agenda? I could go on and on. Crescent Bannerstones by Rick Waibel 23 Do we need to be included with this group, one that does not represent our The John Jackson Rockshelter by Mark Long 24 interests? I think not. What do you think this is all about? For one thing, do we Some Coshocton County Artifacts by Lar Hothem .... 28 need any more new laws? Add more legal restrictions and it will certainly have Knox County Surface Finds by Mike Morrison 29 a negative economic impact on anyone who owns private property. The eco­ Varieties of Fracture Base Points by Mike Morrison 29 nomic victims will be numerous. Nearly every construction project, house and Paleoamerican Occupation in Branch County, Michigan road building, quarry owners and operators and most of all farmers - just to by Elaine Holzapfel 30 name a few along with many associated support industries. Adze in Preserved Antler Haft Recovered in Ottawa County, Ohio by Elaine Holzapfel 31 I am starting a grass-roots campaign to take our message to the State Leg­ Six Ohio Bannerstones with Finder's Information islature. It will begin through local chapters. Make your voices heard. We can by Dan Rosette 32 E-Mail Representative Kerry Metzger (R) at [email protected]. He is the Raked Glass Scraper From Ohio's Historic Period by Michael Rusnak 33 Chairman of the SCSEOHPP committee. We can tell him WE DO NOT NEED Editorial 33 ANY NEW LAWS CONCERNING ABANDONED CEMETERIES AND The Dusthammer Mound A Storehouse for Gem Quality UNMARKED BURIALS IN THE STATE OF OHIO. I can recall the previous law Flint Ridge Preforms by D.R. Gehlbach 34 Personal Finds by Dale Roberts 36 which redefined graveyards and the fallout it precipitated. It ain't happening Three Northern Kentucky Points by Robert J. Davis... 36 again. Are you with me? Harlan's Bird by Kenneth E. Simper 37 Resharpened Flint Tools by Bob White 37 An Early Archaeological Display by Ed Hathaway 38 Brian Foltz Triangular Points - True Arrowheads President by Tom McCollister 39 The Archaeological Society of Ohio Mahoning Valley Features a Fine Summer Show by Michael Rusnak 40 Necrology 41 Theft Alert 42 Annual Artifact Show 42 Field Find Contest Rules 43 New Book 43

Front Cover Photograph: This TA inch Hopewell point was found by the father of Otto Litzenberg on their farm in Liberty Township. Hancock County. Ohio, in 1922. It is made of Flint Ridge chalcedony and is a classic Hopewell spear. An unusual fact is that nearly all the large spears of the Hopew ell culture - those which have not come from mounds - occur as surface finds in the northern half of Ohio, well away from the southern Ohio center of the culture. From the collection of Dave Root. Harbor Springs. Michigan.

3 MORE DEPRESSION ERA ARCHAEOLOGY THE THOMAS BROTHERS & McMILLEN MOUNDS IN LICKING COUNTY OHIO by D. R. Gehlbach

In the past several issues I have written swampy area about a half mile south of red ocher cremation and like burial 1, about a number of previously unpublished the location. located in the top level of the mound. mound explorations in Licking County, Due to a very dry fall and the resulting Found with it was a substantial offering Ohio. Sponsored by A.T. Wehrle, a brick hard mound matrix, picks and mat­ including six leaf shaped blades, three Newark, Ohio, industrialist, most of these tocks were used to remove most of the banded slate gorgets (based on observa­ investigations were conducted by Wehrle contents. Other digging techniques had tion the two appear to be pendants), and Stove Company factory workers on "field" proven to be ineffectual. There is no men­ several flaked flint knives. Extended burial assignments during 1930, 1931 and 1932. tion of trenching the mound or how indi­ 18 (location not noted) consisted only of Usually in charge of the work were John vidually exposed features were excavated. leg bones. Associated artifacts including a Loughman and Jesse Walker, archaeology The Thomas Brothers Mound did not clay cigar shaped blocked end tubular hobbyists. Because of Wehrle's desire to prove to be an easily diagnosable Adena pipe, a hematite cone, three leaf shaped minimize expenses, coupled with the cur­ structure. Some of the diagnostic artifacts blades, two stemmed points, two bone sory examination efforts of the period, recovered, clearly from the Early Wood­ beads and two copper beads. The pipe is much information concerning mound fea­ land Period, were occasionally inter­ somewhat of an anomaly in an Early tures likely went unnoticed or was not spersed with likely Middle Woodland Woodland mound, resembling earlier recorded. The commentary and hand­ items. The recovered artifact assemblage Archaic forms but with an apparent Adena writing style in the field notes identify was also unusually large in several burial blocked end feature. Although the pipe Loughman as the predominant sometimes features. Most Adena mounds have rela­ specimen could not be located in the site lone investigator and chronicler of much of tively few artifacts, especially in burial collections at The Ohio Historical Society, the mound work. association. There was no evidence of it was outlined in a 1931 sketch prepared In the winter of 1931 and early summer specially prepared log lined sepulchers or by C. W. Irvin (Figure 2). It could be postu­ of 1932, two apparent Adena mounds other typical Adena grave accessories. lated partial (legs only) burial 18 may in were chosen for exploration. As usual the This suggests the Thomas Brothers fact represent a reburial unrelated to the crew were promised their normal factory Mound may overlap the beginning of the referenced grave goods. wages for their labor at each site. The first Middle Woodland, following the abandon­ Another mound idiosyncrasy was the site, the Adena Thomas Brothers Mound, ment of traditional Adena grave site prepa­ condition of the burial deposits. Most of was located at the top of an elevated ration practices. the inhumations appeared to be only par­ plateau in a farm pasture, in McKean tial burials. Perhaps they had been moved Township, Licking County, Ohio, about BURIALS from their original locations elsewhere in three miles northwest of Granville. The The Thomas Brothers Mound was con­ the mound. All but one were found without mound examination began on November structed as a tomb for eighteen burials, skulls. Parts of skulls and other skeletal 10 and ended December 9, 1931. As was including cremations and inhumations in materials were found haphazardly placed the normal Wehrle excavation practice the the flesh. Two burials placed above the in various parts of the mound absent other tumulus was restored at completion of the first stage clay cap section were the only recorded features. This may have been project. cremations. They, along with several caused by burial activity over widely sepa­ Mound dimensions were; diameter 72 extended in the flesh burials had deposits rated periods of time coupled with feet, EAA/ and 75 feet N/S. At its highest of red ocher, possibly intended to sym­ unmarked graves or relocation of the point the Thomas Brothers Mound stood bolize "blood letting", a "soul cleansing" skeletons from temporary interment either 14 feet above the surrounding surface. practice of both prehistoric and historic inside or outside the mound. Factors such Mound profiles were drawn by C.W. Irwin, Indian groups. as weather and/or labor unavailability may a Newark Ohio blueprint maker. Shown are The burial information as recorded in have also dictated reburial of the remains. his drawings with the approximate loca­ the field notes is as follows, Burial 1 was a The array of artifacts obtained from the tion of burial features (Figure 1). cremation covered with red ocher (loca­ Thomas Brothers mound includes several The Thomas mound was likely built tion not indicated). Extended burials 2, 3 very late Adena point types which could according to a preplanned scheme. and 4, three adult males, were placed date the mound to an Early/Middle Before its construction the mound base about five and a half feet above the Woodland transition period. Note the two was dug to a depth of at least two feet mound base, the first two together and long blade expanded base specimens below the ground surface and filled with the third at a slightly higher level. With the (Figure 3). Figures 4 and 5 show a variety sand. Then a seven-foot high oval mound latter inhumation was a necklace of 23 of blades. All but perhaps one appear to was built of a sandy loam material taken copper beads. Extended burials 5, 6, 7 be Early Woodland forms. Figure 6 shows from the immediate area. This elevation and 8, four adults, several with red ocher a whetstone, a rectangular gorget, key­ was topped with clay capping material stained bones, were found on the mound hole and anchor pendants, the latter which was substantially burned, possibly baseline. Extended burials 9, 10, 11 and three examples featuring characteristic during funerary related activities. A 12 were near the center of the mound Adena "two sided" drilling. Figure 7, two second construction episode later added about three feet above the baseline. celts, are Woodland types. Figure 8, slightly more than seven additional feet to Extended burials 13, 14, 15 and 16 were probably a mica mirror, while having its the mound height. It completely covered also situated slightly above the mound genesis in the Early Woodland era is the first stage mound. Loughman the base. One of these inhumations (not iden­ often found in Middle Woodland settings. excavation recorder suggested the sec­ tified) was accompanied by a necklace of Finally, shown in Figure 9 are copper and ondary mound fill was obtained from a 37 bone beads. Burial 17 was the second bone bracelets and beads from burials 4,

4 7 and a third unnamed inhumation. These culture of influence when the Thomas Soon after breaking ground to excavate artifacts carry both Early and Middle Brothers Mound was built. The secondary a trench through the structure the diggers Woodland pedigrees. mound elevation could have been added came across evidence of a previous dis­ to cover the tombs of deceased Hopewell turbance. John Loughman's field notes SUMMARY people who were known to have practiced mention that, "Mr. McMillen (then current It is proposed the story of the Thomas cremation. The Thomas Brothers Mound owner of the mound) said sixty-three years Brothers Mound may have begun with an presents a fascinating opportunity for ago three doctors of Newark, one of them Adena occupation of the elevated land- study of possible multicultural assimilation being a Dr. Wilson, sank a shaft in the top form which eventually became the site of at a funerary site. It is unfortunate that of the mound taking out three skeletons". a very late Adena period mound. Due to radio carbon dating was not available and During the crew's expansion of the ear­ the occurrence of burial items such as the detailed diagnostic information was not lier explorers' pit they found several arti­ mica mirror it is also possible that recorded during the investigation. facts possibly associated with one or Hopewell influence was present when the The McMillen Mound examination began more of the previously removed burials. mound was built. It is not illogical to find a on June 16, and was finished on June 28, They included several stemmed Adena mixture of Early and Middle Woodland 1932. Situated in Union Township, Licking points and a quadriconcave Adena gorget artifacts since the two cultural periods County, Ohio, five miles west of Newark, (Figure 10). Unfortunately no additional overlap by perhaps 300 years in Ohio and its dimensions were; 53 feet E/W, 52 feet artifacts were recovered with the previ­ both groups might have used an elevated N/S with a maximum height of 7'A feet. ously dug feature or apparently elsewhere location for their funerary activities. One of five similar Adena structures in a in the mound. The field notes included a Both of the Woodland societies likely cluster the McMillen mound was consid­ brief reference to finding a single fragmen­ worshiped the powerful forces in the "sky ered to be the most prominent (sizable) of tary inhumation just a few inches below world" and the site's elevated location the group. Unfortunately the fate of the the top of the mound. would bring them closer to "upper world" other mounds could not be determined It should again be noted the relative lack spiritual forces. The larger question is what from available research materials. of artifacts in the McMillen edifice is a kind of interaction and influence is por­ The mound was built starting with a common occurrence in Adena mounds. trayed at the Thomas Brothers site. Did prepared sand base, six to twelve Thanks to Martha Otto and The Ohio the inhabitants become amalgamated inches thick, which then was covered by Historical Society for their assistance in through cultural diffusion or perhaps com­ loads of bluish clay. The excavation researching the Society's collections while munal living arrangements? The lack of team postulated the clay had been preparing this article. evidence of log tomb construction sug­ obtained from a swampy area on the gests the Adena might not have been the south side of the mound.

«»u«l

y**t F

Mound T Section E-F - 72 PLAN of Mov*"> Vcftica.1 l''=lo' Scofco/j.cJftons^,,.„,*,, |"--/c'

Figure 1 (Gehlbach) Mound profiles from a blueprint drawn by C. W. Irwin

5 Figure 2 (Gehlbach) Blocked end tubular pipe, drawing by C. W. Irwin

Figure 3 (Gehlbach) Array of points representing multiple cultures, Flint Ridge flint, largest 4'A"

Figure 4 (Gehlbach) Early Woodland (Adena) blades, Upper Mercer, flint Flint Ridge flint Figure 6 (Gehlbach) Early Woodland (Adena) whetstone, rectangular gorget, pendant. Anchor pendant, sandstone and banded slate Figure 5 (Gehlbach) Early Woodland (Adena) blade: Upper Mercer, 5'3Ae"

Figure 7 (Gehlbach) Early Woodland (Adena) celts, granite Figure 8 (Gehlbach) Early Woodland (Adena) mica mirror

Figure 10 (Gehlbach) Early Woodland (Adena) quadricon- Figure 9 (Gehlbach) Early Woodland (Adena) copper beads, necklace, cave gorget, sandstone, stemmed points, Upper Mercer bone beads, necklace flint - McMillen Mound MOLE CACHE by Brian and Melinda Stierhoff 1041 N. Co. Rd. 142 West Mansfield, Ohio

My collector friends and I had often forms were lying there. The three blades together to form one core. We then found discussed the possibility of finding arti­ were all made of the same kind of chert. 31 preforms lying on top of one another facts in places where ground moles had We constructed a sifting screen and accompanied by a bone awl or perfo­ disturbed the soil. Although such a situa­ began digging. About 4 inches below the rator. The blades are crudely formed with tion seemed unlikely, one morning, while surface were four unworked pieces of a minimum of pressure flaking. Although walking to the back of our farm, my wife slate - all of which fit together and were the cultural affiliation of this cache is and I came across a mole hill and to our obviously made from one larger piece. uncertain, it may be from the Fort Ancient surprise a small flint preform was lying on These slate pieces were, in turn, spread period - around 1,000 to 1,500 A.D. top of the hill. A week later, I walked past over the top of two flint cores, one of We have named it the Mole Cache. the same mole hill and two more pre­ which was in four pieces which fit

Figure 1 (Stierhoff) Cache of slate, flint and one bone artifact.

8 A DOUBLE-SALVAGED NOTCHED WINGED BANNERSTONE by Robert White Thornville, Ohio

The use of slate for the manufacture of notches are around 13/- inches deep. It broken halves back together. The other bannerstones, pendants, gorgets and has been drilled with the usual half-inch two holes may have either been done to other objects is well-known. The slate hole through the center. The broken repair a broken wing tip or perhaps - was probably gathered from the glacial till edges have been extensively ground. after grinding the rough edges - to use as since pieces of unworked slate occur in Because of their fragility, it is believed by suspension holes which converted the many parts of the glaciated portions of many collectors that they were used on a broken piece to an ornament. Such repair Ohio. sort of parade staff denoting importance and redrilling demonstrates that broken The salvaged winged bannerstone in hunting ceremonies. Thus, they were pieces were not always discarded simply fragment shown in Figures 1 and 2 are probably not used as a weight on a because they were damaged. from Pickaway County, Ohio. It is made hunting atlatl. from gray-green slate with a "berry stain" There are interesting aspects to this on one side and is 4Vi inches long - the bannerstone fragment. The holes near normal size for such banners. The the center were probably drilled to tie two

Figure 1 (White) Obverse and reverse of salvaged winged bannerstone. The broken edges have been ground and polished.

9 Figure 1 (Converse) Fort Ancient discoidals from the Gehlbach collection DISCOIDALS FROM THE D. R. GEHLBACH COLLECTION by Robert N. Converse 199 Converse Drive Plain City, Ohio 43064 Discoidals are unique to the Fort Ancient culture in Ohio. Discoidals found on some southern Ohio Fort Ancient sites. are also well known artifacts of Mississippian cultures on the lower In Ohio, one variety of discoidal is made of sandstone, cannel coal Ohio River and along the Mississippi. There are a number of types or other fairly soft stone. These are sometimes engraved or decorated including those with slight or extremely concave faces, those with con­ such as those from the Gehlbach collection in the color plate but they cave faces and a central hole and some which are simply disc-like. are by no means common. Although they have been described as They can be made of almost any kind of stone from quartzite to "chunky stones" - supposedly used in a game where they were rolled granite. Some of the Mississippian examples may be made of fluorite, along the ground and spears thrown at them - the theory does not rose quartz, or pudding stone although these are extremely rare in answer for any more than a handful of discoidals. I have never seen Ohio. I saw one specimen in the Copeland collection which was made one which appeared to have been damaged by a spear and a vast of flint. An unusual fact is that banded slate is almost unknown for dis­ majority of them - such as those shown - would be impossible to roll coidals. Even discoidals made from discarded potsherds are often for more than a few inches.

DR. OLAF PRUFER RECEIVES ANNUAL CONVERSE AWARD

At the Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Society of Ohio in May 2002, Dr. Olaf H. Prufer of Kent State University received the Annual Converse Award which is presented each year to individuals who have made significant contributions to Ohio archaeology. Dr. Prufer has written numerous books and papers and is considered Ohio's leading archaeologist.

10 TWO POPEYED BIRDSTONES FROM NORTHERN OHIO by Mike Cramer 13315 Co Rd 54 Rawson, Ohio

The accompanying photographs show Lakes region with concentrations in Ohio, which the drilling was done. These bars, two birdstones from northern Ohio. At the Michigan, Indiana and Illinois. Others or bridges, are set at each end of the top is a slate birdstone which was found have been reported from as far south as base. The eyes are usually shaped like near Defiance, Ohio, and was acquired Georgia and as far north as Canada and toadstools and the round upper surface from the finder many years ago by James the New England states. may be somewhat oblong. Banded slate, Harley. Of all the birdstones known, the the material of preference for most bird­ The second example is made of pro- popeyed variety is among the scarcest stones, is found in some popeyed exam­ phyry and was found in Crawford Town­ and appears to be a more highly devel­ ples but many of them are made of ship, Wyandot County, Ohio, by Martin oped version of the more common bar- porphyry with large phenocrysts. Hennessy in 1994. type birdstones. Popeyed birdstones Birdstones are products of Late Although birdstones are rare, they have typically have an attachment process Archaic cultures - most notably Glacial been found over the entire lower Great created by two protruding bars through Kame and Red Ocher.

Figure 1 (Cramer) Two popeyed birdstones from northern Ohio.

11 WOODLAND SLATE FROM THE DR. WINSCH COLLECTION by Lar Hothem P.O. Box 458 Lancaster, Ohio 43130

Glacial slate artifacts from the Woodland period are among the finest objects ever made in the eastern Midwest. Generally, the Adena and Hopewell made large pendants and gorgets, well- shaped and finely finished. The most attractive material was usually selected, and it was carefully worked and polished. Three classic pendants from the Dr. John Winsch collection display this artistry, and the objects date from about 1000 BC to AD 500.

Shovel pendant, late Hopewell, 4% inches. This example has trian­ gles (with parallel interior lines) engraved on the pendant bottom edge, both obverse and reverse. Ohio.

Pentagonal pendant, late Hopewell, 4% inches high. With attractively Anchor pendant, Adena and Hopewell lifeways, 4 inches high. Ex-collec­ curved dark banding, the slate also has a lighter inclusion. Fayette tion Copeland, the lower portion has a graceful flare. Union County, County, Ohio Ohio.

12 FINE SUMMER ASO SHOW AT SEAMAN'S FORT by Michael Rusnak 4642 Friar Rd. Stow, Ohio 44224

The Sandusky Bay and Their Fires are about 2Vs inches in diameter, made of all of his finds and displays them in a two Cold Chapters of the ASO sponsored an brass with what appears to be a pewter room museum he has made in the base­ excellent summer show at the Seaman's backing. The buckle was found approxi­ ment of his house. Matt has used his Fort near Milan, Ohio. Archaeological mately two miles from where he found museum to share information on archae­ activities included a guided tour of the the cap plate. Additionally, his display ology with students and teachers from his Seaman Fort Earth Works (Figure 1) by included two halves of a fine winged school, as well as friends and visitors the University of Toledo and a flint knap­ banner stone that he found in the same from the local chapter. ping demonstration by Phil Love. The field, but 13 years apart. Artifacts from the Reeves Site in Lake show also contained numerous educa­ Charlie Fulk had an extensive exhibit - County, which included pottery shards, tional and displays. 38 large frames - of artifacts made out of many animal bones and tools were on Two unique historic artifacts were part Pipe Creek Chert. There were point types display by Ed and Paul Gall. The Reeves of a display by ASO member Mason represented from nearly all of Ohio's pre­ Site, which dates between 1300 to 1400 Brown from Bowling Green, Ohio. First historic periods. Most of the artifacts in AD was recognized by the ASO with the was an 1821 militia rifleman's cap plate the display were found by Mr. Falk in Best Site Award in 1982. that he found in Wood County in Ashland County and illustrated the var­ The show had a great sampling of local November of 1987. This rather large arti­ ious colors that the material contains. and Ohio pieces. David Didion shared fact measured about 5Ji inches long and Outcroppings of Pipe Creek Chert are points and artifacts from Erie, Huron and 4 inches wide. The cap plate is made of found in the Milan area. Seneca Counties. His artifacts included copper covered tin and was likely worn The youngest active member of the two his most recent and exciting find: a beau­ on top of a stove-pipe style military cap chapters, Matt Nahorn, 12, of Amherst, tifully made butterfly banner stone from of the period which would have included displayed personally found artifacts from Huron County. Robert Zana displayed 20 plumes of feathers. Mr. Brown believes Glovers Cave, Kentucky. His neatly plus frames of artifacts found in that the individual may simply have lost arranged display included photographs Coshocton and Ashland Counties and the cap - rather than any association with and a map of the site, along with 5 frames several from the Grand River Valley. Addi­ a death or burial. His research on the arti­ of points, many animal bones, fossils, tionally, Mike Barron showed a fantastic fact indicates that in those days the uni­ antler points, bone awls and tools and sampling of museum quality slate arti­ forms of dead soldiers were saved for numerous utilized flakes and scrapers. facts, including the unusual Meuser new recruits. A second, smaller artifact Mart's enthusiasm for archaeology is evi­ Miniature slates. was likely a sash buckle, a circular object dent in that he has kept good records of

Figure 1 (Rusnak) View of Seaman's Fort's three earthen walls.

13 A HUMAN EFFIGY FROM MADISONVILLE by Robert N. Converse 199 Converse Drive Plain City, Ohio 44224 This human effigy was found in 1898 by a workman who was digging a ditch for a waterline near Madisonville, Ohio. It was passed on to Tom Mallen by the finder more than sixty years ago and Mallen owned it until the 1980s. It is now in the Tom Davis collection of Staunton, Ken­ tucky. It is made of dark pipestone and portrays a human seated on his or her haunches with arms extended along the legs. From the back of the head down is either a hair arrangement or some sort of back-pack. The origin of this figurine could be from any culture of the Woodland period. The hair configuration might represent a Hopewell individual since several in-the- round Hopewell figures show similar hair arrangements. Although rare, human depictions in the Hopewell culture are known from several sites including the Hopewell farm and the Turner Group Earthworks - not far from Madisonville - as well as from several sites in Indiana and Illinois. It also could be Mississippian. A clue to the Mississippian origin of this figurine may lie in the place where it was discov­ ered - Madisonville. The Madisonville site is one of the largest Fort Ancient sites in the Ohio River Valley and contained a number of objects which probably found their way by trade up the Ohio Valley from the Mississippian cultures along the Mis­ sissippi River. One of the largest Mississippian sites was the Spiro Mound in LeFlore County, Oklahoma. A number of human figurines from the Spiro Mound portray both men and women seated in a similar fashion. They have elaborate hairdresses and one figure - the human sacrifice effigy pipe - depicts a warrior with a complicated part of his costume - perhaps armor - worn on his back. The kneeling posture of the figurine is a well-known motif and is one seen across the entire Mississippian area. Similar fig­ Figure 1 (Davis) Three views of ures are seen in Ohio Fort Ancient - the stone human effigy found near pregnant woman pipe from the Dr. Meuser Madisonville, Ohio, in 1898 collection being a prime example.

REFERENCE 1952 Hamilton, Henry W. The Spiro Mound The Missouri Archaeologist Volume 14, October 1952 Columbia, Missouri

14 DIARY OF A COLLECTION by Nancy Ford P.O. Box 207 Patterson, NC 28661 828-758-9261

In 1966, the Rogers Mound II was exca­ the Ohio Historical Society, Fred J. Mil- tion's story is that in 1967, Dr. Baby told vated by Ernest Sutton and Thelma ligan, it states the OHS's stand on the Mrs. Queen that she needed to loan this Queen. (Ohio Archaeologist Vol. 49 No. 4, subject. (Fig. 1) collection to a museum, lest her house Fall 1999). After being contacted by Dick The whereabouts of these artifacts is burn down and its archaeological signifi­ Patterson, then Editor of the Ohio Archae­ unknown. The real irony of this collec­ cance be lost to the world.... ologist, and Dr. Baby of the Ohio Historical Society, Mrs. Queen loaned the artifacts from the mound to the Campus Martius Museum, in Marietta, Ohio, in 1967. The collection was on display in the museum from 1967, until sometime between 1989 and 1995. it was then transferred to the Ohio Historical Society in Columbus, without the knowledge, or permission, of Mrs. Queen. In 1997, Mrs. Queen and her daughter, Nancy Ford began making requests of the Ohio Historical Society Archaeology Department for the return of this collec­ tion, since it was no longer on display. After two trips to Columbus, several phone calls, letters from their attorney, Joseph C. Delk, III, it has come down to this final letter. Written by the attorney for

FRED J. MILLIGAN Attorney at Law 483 Dempsey Road Westerville, Ohio 43081 (614)891-6363 Fax (614) 891-6366

March 13, 2002

Joseph C. Delk, m, Esq. P.O. Box 1346 Lenoir, North Carolina 28645 Figure 1 (Ford) Re Thelma Queen

Dear Mr. Delk:

The Ohio Historical Society has been unable to locate the artifacts which are the subject of your letter to Dr. Ness dated March 19, 2001, or any record of the accession of these materials. In view of the recent inventory of the Society's archaeological holdings as well as the unsuccessful efforts made by staff to locate the artifacts or any records related to them, I believe it is unlikely that we are going to find them. If we do, we certainly will be in touch.

Very truly yours,

/lr

cc: Martha Potter Otto

15 CHISELS by Bill Roland 4713 Beechwood Rd. Cincinnati, Ohio 45244

Chisels occur primarily in the Fort materials. In the accompanying photo­ Ancient culture and are made of many graphs are chisels from my collection.

Figure 1 (Roland) Hardstone chisels from Ohio

Figure 1 (Roland) Top row - Ohio and Kentucky chisels or slate Bottom row - Hematite chisels from Ohio and Kentucky

16 Figure 3 (Roland) Hardstone chisels from Ohio

Figure 4 (Roland) Ohio and Kentucky hardstone chisels

Figure 5 (Roland) Flint chisels - first from Arkansas, second from Stringtown site, the balance are from Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky and Ohio ARTIFACTS FROM NORTHWESTERN OHIO by Tom McAdams 625 W. Sycamore Columbus Grove, Ohio

Shown in the accompanying figures are four artifacts from my collection.

Figure 1 (McAdams) A fine 4'A inch Hopewell point of Flint Ridge chalcedony. It has been slightly restored and was found in the 1950s near Spencerville, Ohio.

Figure 2 (McAdams) A Glacial Kame gorget found Van Wert County. It was broken at one end and salvaged and is 6 inch­ es long.

Figure 4 (McAdams) A copper celt 43A inches long. It was sold at a farm sale near Weston, Ohio, a few years ago. The farm was made up of nearly pure lake sand.

Figure 3 (McAdams) An 8% inch Glacial Kame gorget found in two pieces in the 1940s in Putnam County, Ohio, over a peri­ od of years. It has been restored.

18 A RARE KENNETH CHERT FIND IN OHIO by Sharon Ehas Eaton, Ohio

Until March 2002, prehistoric artifacts Darke County, Ohio, from where the knife Woodland Hopewell Period are also made of Kenneth chert were thought to be traveled approximately another 35 miles known (DeRegnaucourt and Georgiady, strictly confined to northwestern Indiana, southward. 1998:122-124). the home area of its outcropping (DeReg- Historically, there is an old Indian trail This author is a relatively new surface naucourt and Georgiady 1998). However, that supposedly linked the Wabash River collector and new member of the ASO. in April of 2002, this author found an ovate to the Whitewater River Valley in east-cen­ Consequently, it is exciting that one of knife blade about three miles southwest of tral Indiana called the Wabash trail her first finds is so archaeologically Eaton in Preble County, Ohio while surface (DeRegnaucourt et al, 1994). Perhaps that important in understanding prehistoric collecting a favorite site near home. As is the route taken by this artifact to be later chert distribution and possible prehistoric knives go, it was a rather ordinary ovate lost by its owner in Preble County, over a trading patterns. blade, possibly Adena or Early Woodland hundred miles farther south and east than in age. previously thought for Kenneth chert arti­ REFERENCES CITED Upon showing the knife to friend and facts to exist. DeRegnaucourt. Tony archaeologist Tony DeRegnaucourt, he Kenneth chert artifacts are not abundant 1994 The Archaeology of Prophetstown, remarked that it was a most unusual find anywhere, even in its home range of about Greene Ville, Ohio: 1805-1808. Occa­ and it appeared to be Kenneth chert from a 30 to 40 mile radius centered on the sional Monographs of UMVARM, No. 2 Arcanum, Ohio. northwestern Indiana, but over 100 miles Wabash River near Peru, Indiana. Its knap- southeast of the known range for that type 2001 Kenneth Chert. Central States Archaeo­ pability is only fair since it is somewhat logical Journal. St. Louis. of chert (DeRegnaucourt and Georgiady fossiliferous and chalky in texture. It 1998 and DeRegnaucourt 2001. appears that most Kenneth chert artifacts DeRegnaucourt, Tony, and Jeff Georgiady Shortly afterwards, the artifact was in their home range were made primarily 1998 Prehistoric Chert Types of the Midwest. shown to Jeff Smith of Michigantown, during the Late Archaic Period and the Occasional Monographs of Umvarm, Indiana who lives in the heart of the Ken­ Early Woodland Adena Period. A few arti­ No. 7. Arcanum, Ohio. neth chert range and outcropping in facts of Kenneth chert belonging to the Clinton County, Indiana. He confirmed that Early Archaic Period and the Middle it was indeed Kenneth chert (Jeff Smith, personal communication). Jeff and his father Tom Smith have specialized in col­ lecting Kenneth chert artifacts for many years. Since they are located in the home area of its range, both have collected and seen more Kenneth chert than perhaps anyone else, so their opinion on the chert's identification was crucial. Kenneth chert itself is named for the Kenneth limestone member in which it outcrops, mostly along the Wabash River and its immediate tributaries between Logansport and Peru; mainly in Cass, Miami, and Clinton Counties, Indiana. It is sometimes referred to as Calico or Lafayette Speckled chert because of its distinctive mottled black or dark grey and white appearance. The artifact is about 2.5 inches long and found in a plowed field near Eaton, Ohio. The knife is ovate in shape, with an excur- vate, bifacially-flaked blade typical of Early Woodland Adena types. The splotched and mottled black, grey, and white appearance of the knife leaves no doubt to its origin. Other collectors from northern Indiana also concurred in identifying the implement as made of Kenneth chert including Jeff Mills, Tom Smith, and Dennis Krintz. Previously, the farthest southward any artifact of Kenneth chert, known from pub­ lished sources, was found near Kokomo in Howard County, Indiana. It was a small bifurcated Early Archaic point (DeRegnau­ court 2001). It is theorized that this artifact traveled up the Wabash River till it reached its headwaters and source in northern Figure 1 (Ehas) Kenneth chert knife from Preble County, Ohio.

19 A HARRODSBURG CHERT FLUTED POINT FROM BRANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN by David Zinkie 505 W - 700 N Howe, Indiana 46746

Shown in figure 1 is the obverse and reverse of a fluted point I found in Branch County, Michigan, in December 2001. It is made of Harrodsburg chert which origi­ nates in south central Indiana. It is interesting that a fluted point of this material was found so far north of its source. It may reflect an initial occupation of this area by people using Clovis type points. Similar points were reported by Converse at the Mielke site in north­ western Ohio (Ohio Archaeologist Vol. 52, No. 1).

Figure 1 (Zinkie) Obverse and reverse of fluted point made of Harrodsburg chert from Branch County, Michigan.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS ON THE MIELKE SITE REPORT by Robert N. Converse 199 Converse Drive Plain City, Ohio 43064

In Volume 42, Number 1, of the Ohio Archaeologist I all parties interested in staying abreast of breaking news never talked to him. I was however, a contributor to the reported the Mielke Paleo site near Botkins, Ohio. in First American studies, the Mammoth Trumpet, a sci­ Saving Americas's Past fund which helped finance the Because of the presence of Harrodsburg chert fluted ence news magazine, provides a forum for reporting and Kennewick Man case in which Dr. Bonnichsen was a points at the site, made from a stone not native to Ohio, I discussing new and potentially controversial information plaintiff. Many members of our Society also contributed concluded that the nearly exclusive use of this stone for important to understanding the peopling of the Americas. to this fund. such points on an Ohio site might indicate that the Mielke We encourage submission of articles to the Managing I do know Brad Lepper of the Ohio Historical Society site could be one of the oldest - if not the oldest - human Editor and letters to the Editor - Robson Bonnichsen, and he knows me. Thus, I assume that Brad Lepper was habitation sites in the state of Ohio. Director." In one issue the Editor asked "to hear from instrumental in the rejection of the Mielke site report. The importance of an unreported Ohio Paleo site is in people with stories - or just leads - for articles in future Brad Lepper has written extensively on the right of sci­ itself worthy of publication since there are less than a half issues - we want to hear from you." entists to study Kennewick Man. In Mammoth Trumpet dozen Paleo locations in our state worthy of the name. In In the past, Mammoth Trumpet has published articles Lepper wrote that a decision by the government which addition, the fact that the Mielke site people brought on controversial subjects based on poorly founded theo­ forbade scientific study of Kennewick Man put slanted chert from a long distance makes it of more than Ohio ries. These include: -whether the first Americans were bureaucratic policies ahead of legitimate scientific inquiry interest. Certainly Paleo scholars, both in Ohio and else­ Australians - that there was evidence of a nuclear catas­ and "would represent an incalculable loss to what we can where -1 believed - would want to know of such a unique trophe in Paleo Indian times and that radiocarbon dates know about the human past" (Volume 16, No 1, site. The fact that it may have been the first site occupied are wrong by some 30,000 years - that there is a simi­ December, 2000). by human beings in Ohio was of more than passing larity between the Mousterian tool kit and that of the While Lepper strongly asserts such a belief regarding interest and perhaps had national implications. Paleo Indians. One article extolled a flint knapper. the study of Kennewick Man, that sentiment apparently For several years I have been a subscriber to Mam- With these thoughts in mind, I believed that submis­ doesn't extend to the publication of Ohio Paleo sites. It moth Trumpet published by the Center for the Study of sion of the Mielke site report to Mammoth Trumpet would seems hypocritical for Lepper to complain about the the First Americans in Corvallis, Oregon. The masthead be a significant contribution to the understanding of the mindless actions of a federal bureaucracy to suppress for this twenty-or-so page publication says "The Center "peopling of the Americas." Taking the Editor and his staff study of Kennewick Man, and then make a similar deci­ for the Study of the First American fosters research and at their word, it appeared to me that the report would ful­ sion himself regarding publication of the Mielke Paleo public interest in the Peopling of the Americas" - "The fill the very essence of what they were asking for. site. There appears to be a similarity between Lepper's Mammoth Trumpet, news magazine of the center, seeks After some time my manuscript was returned accom­ rejection of the Mielke site report and government to involve you in the late Pleistocene by reporting on panied by a letter with the statement that while the article attempts to stifle study of Kennewick Man. developments in all pertinent sciences." In addition, the had "merit" it would not "appeal" to the readers of the Archaeology in the year 2002 is not alive and well. Mammoth Trumpet statement of policy it states "Many Mammoth Trumpet. This conclusion was reached by Dr. Such pettiness and parochialism by its practitioners only years may pass between the time an important discovery Rob Bonnichsen and Dr. Brad Lepper. adds to the depth of the grave the once important sci­ is made and the acceptance of research results by the I don't know Dr. Bonnichsen and he doesn't know me. ence is digging for itself. Archaeology is not dying - it is scientific community. To facilitate communication among I saw him at the Clovis First Santa Fe Conference but I committing suicide.

20 ADAMS COUNTY WINGED BANNERSTONE by Dan Rosette 21835 Cottonwood Dr. Rocky River, Ohio 45786 This ultra thin gray slate bannerstone was found by Tony Welling in the early 1950s. Found along Brush Creek within V* mile of Serpent Mound. Measurements are 4/V' x 2V and Ji" across at the reed- 3 drilled hole with the wings being /,6" at their thickest point. Note the ancient maker's selection for slate banding that depicts eyes (circles). Some species of moths and butterflies possess like markings on their wings. The eye effect on wings is nature's way of assisting in the warding off of some pred­ ators. Tony Welling was a career Cleveland Mounted Policeman who surface hunted the Serpent Mound area from the 1930s through the mid 1980s. The artifact was gained from the late Ed Gall collection of Eastlake, Ohio.

Figure 1 (Rosette) Bannerstone found near Serpent Mound.

THE GREG SHIPLEY SUIT SETTLED - A WIN FOR THE COLLECTORS by Robert N. Converse 199 Converse Drive Plain City, Ohio 43064

In February 1995, more than a year in buying the collection, a team of five Shipley then sued federal agents Alfred after they had illegally seized it, the Park Service agents rushed into the DeLaCruz, William Tanner and Judy Reed National Park Service was ordered to house brandishing guns and arrested for infringement of his constitutional rights return the artifact collection of Greg Shipley claiming that the pots had been - the right to be safe and secure in your Shipley of Cable, Ohio, in Champaign illegally taken from federal lands. They own home safe from government intrusion County. For those of you who are not then searched the entire house, sent out and illegal seizures of property. Although it familiar with the case the details are in the for food, and confiscated the entire col­ took several years, Greg Shipley won the Ohio Archaeologist Vol. 45, No. 1. lection including bank books, photo case and received "substantial" award for albums, a number of artifacts not con­ Federal agents, pretending to be inter­ the illegal government actions. nected in any way with the "illegal" pot­ ested collectors, asked Shipley to show tery, and even an Archaeological Society Even though the Shipleys won their them his collection, including a group of membership card. case, the traumatic effect of having armed southwestern pots which he had just pur­ strangers enter your home and search chased. The collection of pottery had The case was heard in federal court every nook and cranny and confiscate been on display in Santa Fe for a number and after numerous delays in which the your legally owned property, will remain of years and had even been included in a Park Service was told to produce evi­ with them for their entire lives. traveling display sent to Europe. After dence in court to substantiate their claims some sophomoric antics by a man and - which they could not - the collection woman who visited his home saying they was returned - much of it broken and with were man-and-wife collectors interested all original labels removed.

21 Figure 1 (Converse) Five Ohio anchor pendants from the collection of David Root, Harbor Springs, Michigan. From left to right provenience is Hancock County, Belmont County, Hardin County, Stark County and Auglaize County.

ANCHOR PENDANTS FROM THE DAVID ROOT COLLECTION by Robert N. Converse 199 Converse Drive Plain City, Ohio 43064

Anchor pendants are among the more Hopewell contexts, is perhaps an indi­ uncommon slate pendant types and are cation of their Hopewell origin. None of so named because of their anchor-like these pendant types, however, were appearance. There are several styles but reported from any of the classic most have attributes which set them southern Ohio Hopewell complexes. apart from other pendants. They are very A cache of four anchor pendants nearly without exception made from plowed to the surface from a farm field banded slate - often of slate with pro­ in Gibson County, Indiana, was reported nounced lines and occasionally with by Larry Dyer and pictured on the cover inclusions or "worm holes" of tan or light of Volume 49, Number 3 of the Ohio colored slate. The suspension hole is Archaeologist. Curiously, no two of drilled from both faces and usually these obviously associated anchor pen­ appears to have been reamed out and dants were alike. Although all had a Si made cylindrical rather than conical. Typ­ similar lower end the treatment of the ical specimens have the suspension hole upper end was each different. Three of • located at the extreme upper end of the them had a slightly expanded and piece. In cross-section they are usually squared upper end, all of which were thicker than most pendants. The long tally-marked. I have never seen pen­ n sides are normally parallel but there are dants like these from Ohio. examples with flaring upper ends of those which slightly expand toward the 1 References %- tip. The tip or lower end is shaped like a 1999 Editor • i common digging shovel. Ohio Archaeologist The cultural affiliation is somewhat Vol. 49, No. 3 tenuous but at least one such pendant Columbus 1 type was found in a Hopewell mound in 1978 Converse, Robert N. eastern Ohio (Converse 1978). Their Ohio Slate Types resemblance to spade-shaped pen­ Special Publication dants and pentagonal pendants, both of Archaeological Society of Ohio which have been reported from Figure 2 1 22 CRESCENT BANNERSTONES by Rick Waibel 6715 Fletcher-Chapel Road South Charleston, Ohio 45366

Shown in the color plate are crescent made of banded slate and are from sev­ bannerstones from my collection. All are eral old Ohio collections.

Figure 1 (Waibel) Left row from top down - Seneca Co., Marion Co., Miami Co., and Wayne Co. Right row from top down • Seneca Co., Mercer Co., Ohio, county unknown, Seneca Co., and Miami Co. Example upper right is seven inches long.

23 THE JOHN JACKSON ROCKSHELTER by Mark Long Jackson, Ohio

The John Jackson rockshelter (Fig. 1) is Simpson, Tim Cutlip Sr., Tim Cutlip Jr., and shelter occupants thousands of years ago located in the southwest corner of the Joann Hill. Although all were amateurs, who intended to return and use them again northwest quarter of Section 11, Jackson they completely cataloged every artifact - but obviously never did. Township, Pike County, Ohio. The shelter and recorded the location and depth on Due to space constraints this article consists of a large crescent-shaped alcove excavation charts. The total of artifacts cannot do justice of the wealth of informa­ in the underlying sandstone strata (Figure recovered was 2,588. tion and material from the John Jackson 1). There is a pronounced room or cave at The accumulation of evidence from the Rockshelter excavation. It is my intention each end of the crescent. These deeper John Jackson Rockshelter represented to bring the site to the attention of the enclosures provided excellent shelter and almost every cultural period known for public and the archaeological community living space for prehistoric people of this southern Ohio. The seven Late Paleo and by this report which will document the area. The overhang faces basically to the Piano points indicate that the site was location and partially show some of the south and is situated at a high elevation at used as early as 10,000 years ago (Fig. 2). artifacts which were discovered. The site the upper end of a steep hollow which The greatest occupation occurred during collection has been displayed at several feeds into Big Run, which in turn flows east the Archaic period since points and tools ASO meetings and has been recognized into Pigeon Creek (Map A). from that period dominate the assemblage by an award for Best Site Display. Steve Hill of Rio Grande, Ohio, and (Figures 2 and 6). Early Woodland, or The importance of the John Jackson Dennis Simpson of Waverly were exploring Adena people, lived in the shelter 2,000 to rockshelter deserves a complete and thor­ this area when they discovered the shelter 3,000 years ago as is shown in Figure 3. A ough analysis of the collection and excava­ that had obviously been occupied in pre­ Hopewell, or Middle Woodland, occupation tion notes by an archaeologist and a historic times. Steve Hill had earlier discov­ is suggested by the slate gorget fragment comprehensive report published. The col­ ered and excavated the Sawmill Hollow and points (Fig. 7). The Fort Ancient lection is now in the possession of Steve Rockshelter (Long 1977) located several Indians, approximately 600 to 900 years Hill who would, along with the other partici­ miles to the northeast in the same rock for­ ago, were the last people to occupy the pants, gladly make available for analysis mation. The two men asked for and were shelter as evidenced by numerous Trian­ the collection and information from the granted permission to excavate the shelter gular points, bone awls, pottery etc. (Figs. shelter to any responsible archaeologist. from land owner John Jackson who lives 5, 6, 7). near the mouth of the hollow. They named There is tantalizing information in the REFERENCE the shelter after the owner. field notes. For example, two of the finely 1977 Long, Mark Excavation began during the early part made stone pestles were found leaning The Sawmill Hollow Rockshelter of 1989 and was completed in 1992. Var­ against the back wall of the shelter and Ohio Archaeologist ious individuals worked at the site but the covered with sand accumulated over eons Vol. 27, No. 4 basic crew consisted of Steve Hill, Dennis of time. Perhaps they were left there by

Map A (Long) Topographic map of eastern Pike County and western Jackson County. The Xjust west of Jackson Lake marks the location of the John Jackson Rockshelter.

24 Figure 1 (Long) View of the John Jackson Rockshelter looking northeast. The shelter is located in eastern Jackson Township, Pike County, Ohio, the western border of Jackson County. & tL & H ^

* * «-» • f #•••

Pjjlffif 2 (Longj Lafe Pa/eo, P/ano and Early Archaic points from the John Jackson Rockshelter.

25 ~ ^

F/gure 3 (Long) Early Woodland Adena points and blades. (Editor's note: Third point in top row appears to be a Bottleneck point. Similar points have been reported from other rock­ shelter locations. They are Archaic in origin.)

Figure 4 (Long) Triangular points |ft *>* from the Fort Ancient occupation. f

Figure 5 (Long) Bone awls, perfora­ tors and other bone and antler tools.

26 Figure 6 (Long) Stone tools include a small stone axe, pestles, cupstones, and stone balls.

Figure 7 (Long) Miscellaneous artifacts include gorgets, drilled discs, shell artifacts, pottery shards including the base of a ves­ sel, and flaking tools.

27 SOME COSHOCTON COUNTY ARTIFACTS by Lar Hothem P. O. Box 458 Lancaster, Ohio 43130

An old-time collection, in storage for pipes in fine-grained sandstone, a Flint examples), Archaic, and Mississippian, decades, was made mostly in Coshocton Ridge fluted point (cream and brown, with some Early Woodland and a single County, Ohio. Recently acquired by a pri­ with orange tip) 215/ie inches long, a three- Flint Ridge Hopewell core. The bulk of the vate party, this collection contained the hole gorget in green and maroon slate flint material tended to be dark Upper four pieces shown here: Two entirely dif­ that measured 1H x 5H inches, and the Mercer in various grades, with some ferent loafstones, a tube bannerstone, equivalent of four large frames of flint. Nellie gray chert. and a fine Catlinite bird-effigy pipe. Other Most of the flint was Late Paleo (six com­ artifacts included several Ft. Ancient style plete Stringtown lances and four broken

Catlinite bird-effigy pipe, late prehistoric period, 4 inches long. The pipe front has a beak-like projection, but no eyes are present. The stem hole (seen at right) joins with a smaller hole, apparently for a peg to hold the stem securely. The entire pipe, in two shades of pipestone, is highly polished. Coshocton County, Hematite loafstone, brownish-black and highly polished, rounded Ohio. top and flattened bottom. It is drilled in the center (hole was made from both faces) and the top is rounded, the bottom flattened. Marking indicates that this peice, 2 inches long, was found in northwestern Tuscarawas County, Ohio. Lar Hothem photo

Quartzite grooved loafstone, creamy white, seen partly from one Tube bannerstone, blue and tan banded slate. This Archaic piece has con­ side. It is oval in shape, and measures VA X 2'A inches, TA inches centric banding on the upper surface and is highly polished. The full-length thick. The surface is highly polished, especially on the flat bottom. drill-hole is slightly tapered from one end to the other, and artifact size is 13Ae Coshocton County, Ohio. x 3'Ae inches. Coshocton County, Ohio.

28 KNOX COUNTY SURFACE FINDS by Mark Morrison Howard, Ohio

All three points illustrated were per­ sonal surface finds by the author. The Hopewell point on the left is made from a colorful translucent green-orange flint with a fossil hole. The Archaic Bevel is slightly over two inches long and is made from multi-colored Flint Ridge flint. The Dovetail on the right is also of colorful Flint Ridge flint and has evidence of ancient re-chipping on the base.

Figure 1 (Morrison) Three points from Knox County.

VARIETIES OF FRACTURED BASE POINTS by Mark Morrison Howard, Ohio

The Unfractured Fractured Base point on the left was found by Kenny Speakman in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1980. It is made from a glossy Flint Ridge flint. The classic Fractured Base point in the center was found by Lloyd Speakman in Pickaway County. It is made from yellow/purple Flint Ridge flint. The small Fractured Base example on the right was found in Fairfield County and is made from multi-colored Flint Ridge flint.

Figure 1 (Morrison) Fractured Base points of various styles.

29 PALEOAMERICAN OCCUPATION IN BRANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN by Elaine Holzapfel 415 Memorial Drive Greenville, Ohio 45331

Tony LaPratt of 310 S. Angola Road in Clovis, Barnes, Hi-Low, Transitional, Quimby's map, neither mastodon remains Coldwater, Michigan, has spent many hafted and unhafted lanceolates, and nor Fluted points have been recovered in years assembling a collection of prehis­ "square" knives. Raw materials include the northern half of Michigan. toric artifacts from Branch County, Indiana green and Wyandot and Bayport Michigan, in an effort to save them from cherts, among others. Reference Cited dispersal and preserve them for future Although there appears to be an impor­ Quimby, George Irving generations. His collection of Paleoamer- tant Paleo presence in the lower tier of 1960 Indian Life in the Upper Great Lakes. ican flint indicates that a considerable Michigan counties, according to LaPratt, University of Chicago Press. occupation of the area occurred early in the occurrence of Paleoamerican points American prehistory. thins out north of Lansing. The truth of As seen in Figure 1, Paleoamerican this is borne out by the distribution map point types from Branch County include shown by Quimby (1960:31). On

Figure 1 (Holzapfel) Paleoamerican artifacts from Branch County, Michigan.

Figure 2 (Holzapfel) Location of Branch County in Michigan.

30 Figure 1 (Holzapfel) Adze in antler haft. ADZE IN PRESERVED ANTLER HAFT RECOVERED IN OTTAWA COUNTY, OHIO by Elaine Holzapfel 415 Memorial Drive Greenville, Ohio 45331 A granite adze and an elk antler haft Ohio has agreed to provide all of the (Figure 1) were found near Sandusky Bay funds for the dating of this unique and (on private property) on February 20, important discovery, and the results will 2002, by Chuck Derivan of Port Clinton, be published in a future issue of the Ohio Ohio. The artifacts, laying in sand and Archaeologist. silt, had been uncovered by 70-mile-an- hour winds that blew all night on Feb­ Reference Cited ruary 19, 2002. Lubbock, Sir John Although adzes are common artifacts 1897 Pre-historic Times in Ohio, it has never been known how D. Appleton and Company, New York they were hatted or for what they were used. In fact, no other hafted stone tool has ever been reported in Ohio, and few in all the Eastern United States. This arti­ fact, therefore, provides the first clue to the actual hafting process of a stone tool. In use, the stone adze must have been subject to considerable force as the strength of two arms drew it against a Figure 2 (Holzapfel) Drawing of probable use of surface (Figure 2). The surface was prob­ hafted adze. ably wood. Mr. Derivan suggested that the ovoid cross-section of an elk antler required little modification for the fitting of an adze. Cut marks can be seen on the antler near the insertion point of the adze. In Europe, numerous celts have been found hafted in antler (Lubbock 1897-96). Although they are common in Swiss Lake villages, similar examples are scarce in Figure 3 (Holzapfel) the New World. Location of Ottawa A section of the antler weighing about County, Ohio. 6 grams will be removed for radiocarbon dating. The Archaeological Society of

31 SIX OHIO BANNERSTONES WITH FINDER'S INFORMATION by Dan Rosette 21835 Cottonwood Dr. Rocky River, Ohio

1

Figure 1 (Rosette) From left to right Top Row Slate Tube Banner found by Al Meyers on May 9, 1974 at the Reeves site, Eastlake, Lake Co., Red Banded Slate Banner found by J.C. Hall on Sept. 20, 1940 on the Esche Mound Site 2 miles south of Huron, Erie Co. Second Row Banded Slate Banner found by Stan Copeland on Oct. 30, 1934 east side of Big Walnut Creek near E. Broad Street, Franklin Co., Banded Slate Banner found by Gene Buehl May 1968 on Rt. 18 east of Wellington, Lorain Co. Bottom Row Winged Banner of Slate fully etched on the entire surface (both sides) with the wing ends tallied, found by Fern Woodford in 1920 at Caldwell, Noble Co., Slate Waterworn Banner found by Jude Taylor in 1938 at Lake Aquilla, S.E. of Chardon, Geauga Co. Knowing the finder name, date and location adds to the history of each artifact. This information also adds wonderment of how they were used and by whom at their respective find locations. The Bannerstones are in the collection of Dan Rosette.

32 FLAKED GLASS SCRAPER FROM OHIO'S HISTORIC PERIOD by Michael Rusnak 4642 Friar Rd. Stow, Ohio 44224

The flaked glass scraper pictured in Shortly after finding the piece, Mr. flaked glass scraper stands as testimony figure 1 was found in a field along the Layshock asked an expert bottle col­ to the mixing cultures that were still Mahoning River in Lowellville, Ohio - near lector to examine it. The collector said occurring at that time in Ohio - ancient the Pennsylvania border. The piece, that the scraper was made from the tool making technology out of early found by Pat Layshock in the spring of bottom of a jar, which dates from American glass. 2002, contains 4 separate flaked cutting between 1810 to 1825. Pat Layshock lives in Newton Falls and edges and a shaft scraper. The steeply Such a tool is an excellent example of is a member of the ASO and the flaked edge pictured in figure 2 shows the resourcefulness of Ohio's Native Mahoning Valley Chapter. Much thanks to evidence of several resharpenings. American people. And in a sense, a him for sharing this interesting field find.

Figure 1 (Rusnak) Flaked Glass Scraper. Figure 2 (Rusnak) Scraper as it would have been held.

EDITORIAL The Kennewick Man Decision - The Tri­ the term "native American" was erroneous • Interpreting the NAGPRA law to suit the umph of Common Sense since there was evidence that there were bureaucracy instead of the intent of racially distinct non-Mongoloid people in Congress. In a 73 page decision, Federal Judge the Americas before populations with Mon­ The Kennewick decision, which said that John Jelderks determined that the Ken­ goloid ancestry came to the New World. newick skeleton had no provable relation­ all prehistoric remains were not automati­ ship whatsoever to present day or In the decision, Jelderks blistered the cally "native American", negated nearly prehistoric Indians and that America's Army Corps of Engineers, the Department every previous bureacratic interpretation of leading archaeologists and anthropologists of the Interior, and the National Park Ser­ the NAGPRA law. The decision was a would be allowed to study the remains. vice for the following: breath of fresh air to archaeologists and The suit, brought by nine prominent anthropologists who had been hamstrung • Illegally burying the site when they knew from doing their work by state and federal scholars, was heard by Judge Jelderks of an impending act of Congress to pro­ who decided that claims pressed by the bureaucracies. They now could look for­ tect it. Department of the Interior, the Army Corps ward to practicing their science. • For sharing critical information with of Engineers and the National Park Service The Ohio Historical Society Announcement tribal claimants while keeping this infor­ on behalf of "affiliated" tribes were without and the Kennewick Decision any proof or merit nor according to the mation secret from the plaintiffs. On the heels of the Kennewick decision, intent of Congress. The find, and the cir­ • For allowing religious ceremonies Rachel Tooker, newly employed official cumstances surrounding it, have been the without notifying the court. subject of numerous articles, news stories, from Minnesota of the Ohio Historical books and several national television • For not properly caring for and curating Society, made a public announcement in reports. The decision was a direct rebuke the remains. the Columbus Dispatch that in the future to the federal bureaucracy which had long • For allowing access to unauthorized none of their archaeologists would be per­ held that any remains, human or otherwise, individuals against specific court orders. mitted to excavate any prehistoric burials. that dated before 1492 belonged to "native Apparently Miss Tooker - who apparently Americans." In the decision Jelderks said • For allowing the loss of two femurs. continued on page 41

33 THE DUSTHAMMER MOUND A STOREHOUSE FOR GEM QUALITY FLINT RIDGE PREFORMS by D. R. Gehlbach

The early years of the "Great Depres­ pleting his work by resealing the struc­ these disks measured 11 inches in sion" of the nineteen thirties was a pro­ ture on October 28. Although his field length and were crafted of the best Flint ductive period for archaeological notes are quite sketchy, it appears his Ridge material." fieldwork sponsored by A. T. Wehrle of excavation technique consisted of tun­ Loughman was correct in his exuber­ Newark, Ohio. Wehrle, a collector and the neling through the center of the oval ance over the blade caches. The writer prosperous manufacturer of cooking shaped mound to its base and then located fifty-one of the examples which stoves and other appliances, had decided expanding his cavity at both sides as are shown in Figures 2 through 7. The to use his considerable resources to features or artifacts were uncovered. longest is four and one half inches and explore as many "Indian mounds" as pos­ He mentions finding a single inhuma­ most are in the range of three to three sible in and around his Licking County tion in the mound, a cremation, without and three quarters inches. It is likely that base. His primary goal was to enhance reference to its location or possible juxta­ many of the "hundreds", particularly the his substantial artifact collection then position with other mound features. Other larger ones had been "levitated" by per­ housed at his summer residence at recoveries included three "coffin stones", sons unknown by the time The Ohio His­ Thornport, Ohio. To carry out this objec­ three celts and a "beautiful" tubular pipe torical Society obtained the collection in tive he usually employed the excavation that had been broken. Pieces of the tube 1956. The blade form identifies the team of John Loughman, a company were found in "other parts of the mound", crafters as the Adena people who often employee and locally known "digger of These artifacts could not be located in showed a preference for the showy multi­ relics" and sometimes Jesse Walker, the stored Dusthammer materials at The colored Flint Ridge raw material. The pre­ another plant worker and collector. Both Ohio Historical Society. Also found was a forms uniformly display the highest order men likely preferred getting paid to dig copper ring and a long strip of copper, of flaking skill. Each example is very thin mounds versus laboring in a likely stifling pounded flat, perhaps an embellishment and symmetrically proportioned. The poorly ventilated manufacturing plant. for a garment or headdress (Figure 1). choice of multi-toned red, blue, green, Among the area mounds selected for Loughman doesn't mention where these gray flints in combination shows the examination was the Lee Dusthammer items were situated in the mound. He experienced eye of the flintnapper. Mound located in Franklin Township, suggests they were apparently "offerings Loughman's finds are the product of an Licking County. The location about one to the dead." Adena gem flint appropriation industry mile north of Linnville and seven miles The most prominent mound features usually found at sites within 15 miles of southeast of Newark was strategic described by Loughman were two Flint Ridge. because it lay within two miles of the Flint round shaped sub-floor pits, each Thanks to the Ohio Historical Society Ridge quarries to the north. approximately two and a half feet deep. and Martha Otto, Curator of Archaeology, Loughman began his investigation of They were "filled with "hundreds of for permission to use the original field the six-foot high, 44 foot diameter wonderful disks which were shaped into notes and the Dusthammer collection tumulus on October 16, 1930, com­ rough forms of large spears. Some of while preparing this article.

Figure 1 (Gehlbach) Copper ring and unidentified copper artifact from mound fill

34 Figure 3 (Gehlbach) Very colorful broken Flint Ridge cache blade, sub-floor pit

Figure 4 (Gehlbach) Group of six colorful Flint Ridge cache blades, sub-floor pit largest is 43A"

Figure 2 (Gehlbach) Outstanding 4'A" multi-colored Flint Ridge cache blade, sub-floor pit

Figure 6 (Gehlbach) Group of six Flint Ridge cache blades, sub- floor pit, range from 4'A" to 4W

Figure 5 (Gehlbach) Group of five Flint Ridge cache blades, sub-floor pit, range from 4'A" to 4'A"

Figure 7 (Gehlbach) Group of 38 Flint Ridge cache blades, sub-floor pit, mostly smaller examples, range from 3" to 4'A"

35 PERSONAL FINDS by Dale Roberts Box 26L Mt. Sterling, Iowa 52573

Enclosed are photographs of some of found in August 1994. It is the finest Van Buren County, Iowa, in 2002. It is my personal finds. The drill is from Clark piece of flint I have ever found. shown in Figure 2. County, Missouri and is 4% inches long - The Agate Basin point was found in

Figure 1 (Roberts) Drill found in Missouri.

Figure 2 (Roberts) Agate Basin points from Iowa showing thickness of point found in 2002.

THREE NORTHERN KENTUCKY POINTS by Robert J. Davis Milford, Ohio 45150

I found these three points while surface hunting with Rick Phace in Pendleton Co., Kentucky behind the old Morgan High School on April 1st, 2002. The multi-component site was partially sub­ merged the week before and then plowed after the floodwaters of the Licking River had receded.

Figure 1 (Davis) Three points from northern Kentucky. - Adena Cache Blade, 2'A" X VA", excellent workmanship and thin, Sonora Flint. - Ashtabula Point, 3'A" x VA", Late Archaic and scarce where found, Breathitt Chert. - Paleo Point, 2'As" x 1%", parallel flaking and fluted A way up each side, St. Louis Green Chert.

36 HARLAN'S BIRD by Kenneth E. Simper Hamilton, Indiana

After collecting birdstones and seeing as many collections as I could find or know of, it did not take me long to realize that quartz birdstones are very scarce artifacts. One of the finest gentleman collectors that I ever met was Harlan Snyder. I met Harlan when I was new into the study of Indian artifacts. He was one of the spe­ cial people that would teach and answer or share any knowledge he had if you asked him. Many years of friendship had passed when I was told he was very ill and would not be with us much longer. Since that time, I have often thought of the many pleasant hours I spent with him. He was very fortunate one day when he was able to obtain the quartz bird in this article. It was found in 1983, Allen County, Ohio by a lady from Ohio City. I often tired to acquire the birdstone from Harlan but understood why he would just smile and say "no". A few years after his passing, Harlan's wife told me that he wanted the quartz bird to go into my collection. I have owned it for several years and will never tire of holding and looking at Harlan's bird.

RESHARPENED FLINT TOOLS by Bob White Thornville, Ohio

Shown in Figure 1 are fifteen resharp- ened flint artifacts in my collection. These hafted flint points can, in most cases, be identified by the configuration of the base, as the base usually deter­ mines the age, culture, and original size of the tool. The flint types pictured include examples from Archaic and Middle Woodland time periods.

Figure 1 (White) Resharpened flint tools.

37 AN EARLY ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISPLAY by Ed Hathaway 111 Freshour Lane Street Chillicothe, Ohio

I found this old photograph of a display it might be of interest to our members. It Chillicothe many years ago. of archaeological material exhibited in was taken by my grandfather who owned Chillicothe in the early 1900s and thought and operated Hathaway Art Studio in

38 TRIANGULAR POINTS - TRUE ARROWHEADS by Tom McCollister Zanesville, Ohio

The North American peoples of the may be slender with needle-like tips or use, and early steel point use probably Paleo-lndian, Piano, and Archaic periods perfect equal sided triangles. The sides overlapped, making triangular points very 12,000 - 2,500 B.C. utilized a variety of as well as the bases are usually straight, likely the last stone arrowheads made by stone tipped tools and weapons, such as but occasionally points are serrated, but prehistoric man in Ohio. lances, spears, knives, and blades. It was they are not as widely distributed as probably not until much later during the unserrated triangular points. The size of References late Woodland or early Mississippian - triangular points is ideal for use as arrow­ Converse, Robert N. Fort Ancient, Erie periods 500 - 800 A.D. heads. They average about VA inches in 1994 Ohio Flint Types that the bow and arrow appears in North length with examples over 2 inches long The Archeological Society of Ohio America. Although, some scholars sug­ uncommon, they may be as small as 'A inch or even less. Keener, Craig S. gest a much earlier date of 3,000 - 2,000 1997 Weapons of the Iroquois B.C. Local cherts and flints were the mate­ Ohio Archeologist Vol. 47 No. 4 Triangular points have been found on rials widely used for these points with many culture sites in Ohio as well as Flint Ridge flint unusually rare in this type. Overstreet, Robert M. throughout the Eastern and Midwestern Triangular points are usually well made Peake, Howard United States. These points have been and sometimes the chipping is excellent. 1991 Indian Arrowheads given numerous local names, all of which After the Europeans arrived, the stone Overstreet Publications, Inc. are varieties of the same type. tools and weapons of the native North Their unique shape makes triangular American peoples were slowly replaced points, which are very common in Ohio, by steel trade items such as spears, tom­ one of the easiest types to recognize. Tri­ ahawks, knives, and arrowheads. Late angular points are usually very thin, they stone triangular point production and

Figure 1 (McCollister) Triangular points pictured are made of various materials and are typical sized for these true arrowheads. The longest is VA" and the shortest is 3A". The widest is VA" and the most narrow is 'A". Points pic­ tured are in the collection of Tom McCollister.

39 MAHONING VALLEY FEATURES A FINE SUMMER SHOW by Michael Rusnak 4642 Friar Rd. Stow, Ohio 44224

The Mahoning Valley Chapter of the ASO the ancient weapon is similar to pitching at the show, among them were a fine sponsored an outstanding summer show a baseball. Additionally, his display con­ grouping of beveled points and dovetails in Boardman, Ohio this past June. Mem­ tained hand fletched and flint tipped by John Mocic, locally found points by bers of the Mahoning offered a variety of arrows and spears. Mark Stephan and a display of Hopewell fine artifact and educational displays. David Hilliard (Figure 2) of Poland, Ohio blades and cores by Richard Calai. Dave Natale, an ASO and Mahoning had a display of personal finds which Awards were given in numerous cate­ Chapter member, had a fascinating included a human effigy pendant made of gories. First place winners were Richard exhibit of personally crafted reproduc­ black steatite, Mr. Hilliard found in Johnson, Richard Savidge, David tions of ancient and native American Coshocton County in 1992. The pendant Hilliard, John Sites, and Pat Layshock. weaponry. Included were long bows is from the Fort Ancient time period and Second place honors went to Paul made of osage orange which were a type was featured in a 1992 issue of Ohio Mahar, Carl Storti, Mark Stephan, Mark used in the eastern states, and a wide, Archaeologist. Begley, Fred Taylor and John Mocic. flat-style bow made of white ash - a type An extensive display of locally found Special awards were given to Ed used by tribes in northern California. artifacts by Pat Layshock of Newton Falls Manion, Dave Natale, Tome Noakes, Interestingly, the California bow was showed the incredibly wide variety of Jason Van Hoose and Ira Reesh. strengthened by a laminate of boiled deer lithic materials used by ancient people in Chapter president Rocky Falleti said tendon, which protects the bow when the Mahoning Valley. Mr. Layshock's dis­ that he was very pleased with both mem­ over drawn. Figure 1 shows three types play contained numerous examples of bership participation and attendance at of atlatls or throwing sticks, a weapon upper Mercer, as well as Flint Ridge, the show, which drew the attention of the used by ancient people all over the world. Pennsylvania Jasper, hornstone and even local television media. Such a weapon increases the distance three examples (from 3 different time and hitting power of a hand thrown spear. periods) of Halafax sugar quartz, a mate­ Mr. Natale, who has actually hunted with rial usually found in Wisconsin. his atlatls, explained that throwing with Many other notable displays were found

Figure 1 Three types of atlatls made by Dave Natale

Figure 2 David Hilliard with his prize - winning pendant.

40 NECROLOGY

George Heckman George Heckman died in August 2002. and served in the South Pacific in World missed by his many friends in the George has been a member of our War 2. He was a member of the Disabled Society. Our condolences to his family. Society and had collected artifacts for American Veterans and is pictured in many years. George was a Navy veteran Who's Who of Indiana Relics. He will be

Dr. Russell Long Dr. Russell Long died August 16, 2002. Russ was a sixty year member of our Society and a prolific contrib­ utor to the Ohio Archaeologist. He was born in Ada, Ohio in 1910 and graduated from Ohio Northern Univer­ sity with a B.A. in biology. He received his Doctorate at Ohio State University and afterwards taught at Miami University. In 1951 he was recruited to teach at Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas, from where he retired in 1979. Russ knew of many sites in northwestern Ohio and the Raisch-Smith site in Preble County. He fur­ nished a number of important articles and furnished me with much valuable information when I wrote The Glacial Kame Indians. He had visited the Zimmerman Kame while a student at Ohio Northern and told me about many of the features that no one else knew. Russell Long was a gentleman of the old school, a true friend, and had a great outlook on life. Our sympathies are extended to his family and many friends.

Dr. Russell Long

Gordon Hart It was with great sadness that wei for the Ohio Archaeologist. He was the many times at meetings and over the learned of the death of Gordon Hart off author of Hart's Pipe Rack, a book on telephone. His expertise in documenting Bluffton, Indiana, in August. Gordonl pipes in his collection and a number of artifacts and collections was legendary was a long-time member of our SocietyI articles. Gordon and I had been friends and he will be sorely missed. Our con­ and had been a Regional Collaboratorr since the sixties and we had talked dolences to his family.

Editorial continued from page 33

never heard of the Kennewick case - is o>ff statewide policy for archaeology in Ohio, Neither the Ohio Historical Society nor the the same "politically correct" mindset as However the Ohio Historical Society does Ohio Historical Preservation Office is the federal bureaucrats. As far as Miss not speak for all Ohio archaeologists for audited by the State Auditor. Both organi­ Tooker and the Ohio Historical Society is there are many prominent research archae- zations were charged by the Ohio Legisla­ concerned, even if a burial similar to Keni­- ologists in our state who have nothing to ture to cooperate and consult with all Ohio newick Man was found in Ohio, it couldn''t do with them. They certainly don't speak organizations interested in archaeology be studied or even excavated. for our Society. and specifically named the Archaeological Society of Ohio. Since we have never been If archaeologists can't dig and anthroi­- Although the Ohio Historical Society is consulted seriously about anything from pologists can't study bones then their scii­- not a state agency, 80% of its budget is either of these two organizations, it per­ ences are meaningless. But the Ohio funded by tax dollars. The associated Ohio haps is time for our Society to speak to the Historical Society, a private non-profiit Historical Preservation Office also claims Ohio Legislature and find out what our tax organization, acting under their aegis of a to be a private non-profit organization but dollars are being spent for. "state agency," presumes to set a its total budget comes from tax money.

41 THEFT ALERT NATIVE AMERICAN ARTIFACTS STOLEN FROM THE VIGO COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY

The following items were discovered missing from a locked display of Native American artifacts on August 6, 2002. The lock had been disengaged, the items stolen and the lock replaced to look undisturbed. The theft took place during regular Museum hours, probably within the past two weeks. The value of the items is estimated to be close to the value of similar pieces available at auc­ tion. Pictures of the stolen articles are available on our web site.

http://web.indstate,edu/community/vchs/

1. #3-19 Beaded lady's leggings $1,500-$2,000

2. #3-28 Beaded moccasin w/thunderbird design $1,000

3. #4-00 Beaded moccasin w/flap $2,500-$3,000

4. #4-3 Beaded canvas w/fringe value unknown

5. #4-6 Beaded belt - 39" long value unknown

6. #4-16 Beaded bag w/cross design $800-$1,000

7. #4-19 Beaded medicine war ring value unknown

8. #6-5 Beaded pipe bag $1,000

9. #6-7 Beaded belt - 34" long value unknown

*AII items were heavily beaded and in very good condition. Please notify the Vigo County Historical Society (812) 235-9717 and the proper authorities if anyone attempts to sell these items.

ANNUAL ARTIFACT SHOW Ripley, Ohio February 9, 2003 Sponsored by: Archaeological Society of Ohio, Fort Salem Chapter A*. Ripley Senior High School - St. Rt. 52 in Brown County 50 Miles east of Cincinnati 62 miles west of Portsmouth

FOOD & RAFFLES Contact: Art Heaton at (513) 732-3807 7ab/es must be reserved by January 30, 2003

42 r n FIELD FIND CONTEST RULES Categories of artifacts Notched or un-notched projectile point Un-notched flint blade, knife or tool Stone tool Bannerstone Pendant or gorget Miscellaneous Entrants 1. Each entrant must be a member of the Archaeological Society of Ohio. 2. Every artifact entered must have been personally found by the entrant since the last regular meeting. 3. Only one item can be entered in each category. 4. Restored items must be plainly marked with extent of restoration detailed. 5. Awards will be presented for first and second place in each category. 6. Artifacts must have been found in Ohio or adjacent states. Note: The Field Find Contest is done on the honor system. Any member determined to have violated the personally found rule may be subject to removal from the Society. Best of Year Field Find Contest 1. Best of Year Field Find Contest will be held at the January meeting. 2. Only the first place winners in each category for the previous January, March, May and November regular meetings are eli­ gible to enter. Children's Field Find Contest 1. Entrant must be an ASO member or child of an ASO member 2. Only children 13 years old and under are eligible. 3. Any artifact can be entered - no categories. 4. Artifact must have been personally found since last regular meeting.

Olive Branch: A very Early Archaic Site on the Mississippi River By: Dr. Michael Cramly Olive Branch 1987-2001 Archaeological investigations since 1987 at the Olive Branch site, Alexander County, Illinois, have revealed a rich cultural record spanning the tenth millen­ nium Pefore present (radiocarbon). During this very early period the inhabitants of the Lower Mississippi Valley became adjusted to a modern flora and fauna as well as raw materials sources in southern Illinois and bordering Missouri and Kentucky. The rewards of hunting, gathering and fishing supported generations of a sizeable population - some of whom perhaps resided throughout the year at the Olive Branch encampment and were afterwards buried there. Rare artifacts of cherts derived from Arkansas, east-central Missouri, Indiana, and Kentucky suggest contacts, perhaps trading, with very Early Archaic popu­ lations up and down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. This very region was the heartland of the Dalton archaeological culture. SPECIFICATIONS: 264 pp.; Foreword by Robert E. Funk, PhD; main text by R. M. Cramly, PhD; six appendices by various authors; 106 total plates (32 in color), 58 total figures 8 tables; enameled stock; quality sewn hardbinding in olive cloth plus dustjacket. ISSN 1096-3871. COST: S Discover of early Dalton point deep within the <** J£°* Elbow Sector, Olive Branch site, August, 2000. $80.00 plUS postage ($4.00 each Copy). Persimmon Press, P.O. Box 821, North Andover, MA 01845 v°/?£5tb

Back Cover: A Miami River type axe from the collection of Richard Shively, Dayton. Ohio.

43 OBJECT OF THE SOCIETY The Archaeological Society of Ohio is organized to discover and conserve archaeological sites and material within the State of Ohio, to seek and promote a better understanding among students and collectors of archaeological material, professional and non-professional, including individuals, museums, and institutions of learning, and to disseminate knowledge on the subject of archaeology. Membership in the society shall be open to any person of good character interested in archaeology or the collecting of American Indian artifacts, upon acceptance of written application and payment of dues.