OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 34 NO. 1 WINTER 1984 '**?: s*--- '••** The Archaeological Society of Ohio EXPIRES OFFICERS Robert Harter. 1961 Buttermilk Hill, Delaware, Ohio 1984 President Mike Kish. 39 Parkview Ave , Associate Editor, Martha P. Otto, Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio Westerville. Ohio 43081 Jeff Carskadden, 960 Eastward Circle. Colony North, 1984 Immediate Past President Frank Otto. 2200 E. Powell Rd., Zanesville, Ohio 43701 Westerville, Ohio 43081 All articles, reviews and comments on the O/7/0 Archaeologist 1984 Vice President Don Gelbach, 3435 Sciotangy Dr , should be sent to the Editor. Memberships, requests for back Columbus. Ohio 43221 issues, changes of address, and other matter should be sent to 1984 Exec. Sect Scott Haskins, 484 Stinchcomb Dr . the business office Apt 23. Columbus. Ohio 43202 1984 Treasurer Jim Perry. 2668 Blendon Woods Blvd. PLEASE NOTIFY BUSINESS OFFICE IMMEDIATELY OF AD­ Columbus. Ohio 43229 DRESS CHANGES. BY POSTAL REGULATIONS SOCIETY MAIL CANNOT BE FORWARDED. 1984 flee. Sect. Chris Olenick. 8140 Anne St S.W.. Navarre. Ohio 44662 Editorial Office 1986 Editor Robert N Converse. 199 Converse Dr., Plain City, Ohio 43064 199 Converse Drive. Plain City, Ohio 43064 TRUSTEES BUS. MANAGER 1984 Alva McGraw, 1177 Eastern Ave., Chillicothe, Ohio 45601 Joe Redick, 35 W Riverglen Dr , 1984 Jan Sorgengrei, Route 1, Pandora, Ohio 45877 Worthington, Ohio 43085 1984 Ernest G Good, 3402 CIVIC Place, Grove City, Ohio 43123 1984 Donald A Casto, 138 Ann Ct., Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Membership and Dues 1986 Dana L Baker, 1 7240 Twp Rd 20f ' Annual dues to the Archaeological Society of Ohio are payable 43340 on the first of January as follows: Husband and wife (one copy of publication) $13.00; Contributing 1986 Steve Balazs, 1010N Mulberry St., Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 $25.00. Funds are used for publishing the Ohio Archaeologist. 1986 Douglas Hooks, 120 Yoha Dr., Mansfield, Ohio 44907 The Archaeological Society of Ohio is an incorporated non-profit 1986- Wayne Mortine, Scott Dr. Oxford Hts.. organization and has no paid officers or employees Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 The Ohio Archaeologist is published quarterly and subscription Regional Collaborators is included in the membership dues. David W Kuhn, 2642 Shawnee Rd , Portsmouth. Ohio Charles H Stout. Sr , 91 Redbank Drive. Fairborn. Ohio Back Issues Mark W. Long, Box 467, Wellston, Ohio Publications and back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist: Steven Kelley, Seaman, Ohio Ohio Flint Types, by Robert N. Converse $4.00 William Tiell, 13435 Lake Ave , Lakewood, Ohio Ohio Stone Tools, by Robert N. Converse 3.00 Robert Jackman, Box 30, Wellsville, Ohio 43968 Ohio Slate Types, by Robert N. Converse 7.00 James L Murphy. University Libraries, 1858 Neil Avenue Mall. Back issues —black and white —each 3.00 Columbus, Ohio 43210 Back issues—four full color plates —each 3.00 Gordon Hart, 760 N Main St., Bluffton, Indiana 46714 Back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist printed prior to 1964 David J. Snyder. P.O Box 388. Luckey, Ohio 43443 are generally out of print but copies are available from time to Dr Phillip R Shriver, Miami University. Oxford. Ohio 45056 time. Write to business office for prices and availability. STANDING COMMITTEES SPECIAL COMMITTEES NOMINATING COMMITTEE PROGRAM COMMITTEE PRESERVATION COMMITTEE SOCIETY PHOTOGRAPHER Robert Converse, Chairman Martha Otto, Chairman Jeff Carskadden, Chairman Len Weidnei Steve Fuller Mike Schoenfeld Richard Patterson Jack Hooks John Winsch Jeff Brown FLOOR MANAGER'S Wayne Mortine Bob Hill James Murphy COMMITTEE Dana Baker Joy Jones Don Casto. Chairman MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE Edith Campbell AUDITING COMMITTEE Jane Weidner. Chairman SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Dave United Don Foster. Chairman Sharon Puttera COMMITTEE Robert White Craig Ciola Mike Wilson Robert Converse. Chairman Roy Stuart Mike Schoenfeld Ken Saunders Jeff Carskadden Martha Otto COMMITTEE TO STUDY EXHIBITS COMMITTEE Billy Hillen Scott Haskins BUDGETING Don Casto, Co-Chairman Greg Shipley Wayne Mortine Don Foster, Chan man Frank Otto, Co-Chairman Kim Ellis Jim Perry Billy Hillen Scott Haskins RAFFLE COMMITTEE Eugenia Kish Jim Hahn James Greenlee Chris Olenick. Chairman Steve Olenick Jason Greenlee Dawn Wilson Warren Mears Jane Weidner Jim Perry FRAUDULENT ARTIFACTS Buddy Haney (Joe Redick) Doug Hooks COMMITTEE Scott Haskins Dana Baker, Co-Chairman EDUCATION AND PUBLICITY COMMITTEE TO REVIEW Steve Puttera Steve Fuller, Co-Chairman COMMITTEE CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE Doug Hooks Robert Hill, Chairman Robert Converse, Co-Chairman William King, Chairman Don Bapst Craig Ciola Don Gehlbach, Co-Chairman William Tiell Robert Converse Jeff Fruth Tom Grubb Dan Rosette Ernie Good James Gooding Jim Hahn Virginia Morelock Dorothy Good Martha Otto Paul Ford Mark Seeley Lar Hothem CONTENTS Front Cover—The Seip Mound, Ohio Fluted Projectile Points: a preliminary functional analysis, Part II Ross County, Ohio the Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum Collection 4 Sitting silently under a winter sky is the enormous Seip mound which ap­ A Copper Axe From Wayne County, Ohio 13 pears today much as it did to the Hope­ well people who built it nineteen cen­ A Mystery Hearth 14 turies ago. Not only is it one of the larger A Stone Face, Pendant, and Beads From Ottawa County's mounds in Ohio, but it was also once part of one of the largest Hopewell geo­ Portage River Valley 16 metric earthworks in the state. Before Two Lanceolate Points 17 it was excavated by Henry Shetrone of the Ohio Historical and Archaeological Bone Artifact: Fossil or Modern 18 Society in 1926,1927, and 1928, it mea­ sured 250 feet long, 150 feet wide, and A Hopewell Gorget 20 30 feet in height. From this mound came The Finds of One Summer Day 21 a great deal of classic Hopewell material including a twenty eight pound copper The Shrum Mound, Franklin County, Ohio 22 celt, a fourteen inch novaculite spear, Brassfield Chert Points 24 and five large southern effigy pipes. The mound and a vestige of a circular Hamilton County's Spearhead Mound (33-Ha-24) 25 wall, now enclosed in a small state park, History As a Handmaiden to Archaeology? 28 are all that is left of a once vast earth­ works known as the Pricer works. The Letter To The Editor 30 monument consisted of a large square and two circles and enclosed a number Anybody But The Erie 31 of smaller mounds and a mound about Sites E and L, Sandusky County, Ohio 36 half the size of the Seip mound. Almost all the large geometric earth­ Founding of the Archaeological Society of Ohio 37 works built by the Hopewell people were 1983 Surface Finds 40 located in Ohio and particularly in Ross County. Not a single one of these unique Toward a Late Woodland Taxonomy for the Central Muskingum Valley 41 monuments is left today and only rarely ASO 1984 Summer Meetings 47 are parts of them left in their original condition. It is unfortunate that at least one of these extraordinary examples of prehistoric engineering could not have been saved for posterity. Robert N. Converse, Editor 3 Ohio Fluted Projectile Points: a preliminary functional analysis, Part II the Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum Collection By Bradley T. Lepper Department of Anthropology The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210 INTRODUCTION graphic Analogy. This usually involves But some of these tools I think were "It is very probable that in the time comparing an object with an ethno- like these Swiss pocketknives—they of prehistoric man there was not a graphically known function to a, more did an awful lot of things with that rigid division of functions between or less, similar object of unknown func­ same tool" (Crabtree 1979: 12). the various categories of tools; tion. As an example, I might note that sometimes several functions were "the Eskimo use a thing like this as a LITERATURE REVIEW fulfilled by one tool, or one and the spear point, therefore, this thing could "... the famous "fluted points' were same job was done by different have been a spear point as well." The actually knives... the Sheffield cut­ tools . strength of the analogy depends on just lery of the American Paleolithic. Verification or disproof of this pro­ tools can be very different in shape how similar the two objects really are (Binford 1967). posal merits a special study" (Davis and yet have exactly the same func­ 1978:215). tion, and conversely identical A fourth level, the one applied in these reports, is Use-Wear Analysis. This level In previous articles (Lepper 1983a; shapes may have had quite different 1983b) I examined the widespread as­ functions. The decisive factor there­ shifts the focus from the artifact-as-a- whole to "functional modes" located on sumption that fluted points were the fore in the definition of function is specialized killing weapons of Paleo- traces of use" Semenov (1964: 1, artifacts. In other words, instead of look­ ing at the overall shape of a fluted point Indian Super-predators (see, for exam­ 89). ple, Figure 1). I presented evidence to "For use almost can change the and concluding that it would have func­ tioned most efficiently as a projectile suggest that these artifacts had a more stamp of nature" general range of uses than was gener­ Wm Shakespeare weapon, Use-Wear analysis concen­ trates our attention on the edges of the ally accepted. This conclusion supported It has been said that". the data of point. For example, we might find evi­ the intuitions of some scholars: the archaeologist represent the solu­ dence for knife-use on one edge and "There is ... no archaeological evi­ tions of the native, and it is up to us to scraper-use on another. Thus we would dence in the Northeast, or else­ determine the problems or tasks for have isolated two distinct "functional where, that man ever spent his entire which the implement was used" (Sheets modes", or tools, on a single artifact.