OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 33, NO. 4 FALL 1983 The Archaeological Society of Ohio

EXPIRES OFFICERS Robert Harter, 1961 Buttermilk Hill, Delaware, Ohio Associate Editor, Martha P. Otto. Ohio Historical Society, 1984 President Mike Kish, 39 Parkview Ave , Columbus. Ohio Westerville. Ohio 43081 Jeff Carskadden. 960 Eastward Circle, Colony North. 1984 Immediate Past President Frank Otto, 2200 E Powell Rd.. Zanesville. Ohio 43701 Westerville, Ohio 43081 1984 Vice President Don Gelbach, 3435 Sciotangy Dr , All articles, reviews and comments on the Ohio Archaeologist should be sent to the Editor. Memberships, requests for back Columbus, Ohio 43221 issues, changes of address, and other matter should be sent to 1984 Exec, Sect. Scott Haskins, 484 Stinchcomb Dr , the business office. Apt 23. Columbus, Ohio 43202 1984 Treasurer Jim Perry. 2668 Blendon Woods Blvd PLEASE NOTIFY BUSINESS OFFICE IMMEDIATELY OF AD­ Columbus, Ohio 43229 DRESS CHANGES. BY POSTAL REGULATIONS SOCIETY MAIL 1984 Rec. Sect. Chris Olenick, 8140 Anne St. S.W CANNOT BE FORWARDED. Navarre, Ohio 44662 1986 Editor Robert N. Converse, 199 Converse Dr , Editorial Office Plain City. Ohio 43064 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio 43064 TRUSTEES 1984 Alva McGraw, 1177 Eastern Ave., Chillicothe, Ohio 45601 BUS. MANAGER 1984 Jan Sorgengrei, Route 1, Pandora, Ohio 45877 Worthington, Ohio 43085 1984 Ernest G. Good, 3402 Civic Place, Grove City, Ohio 43123 1984 Donald A. Casto, 138 Ann Ct . Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Membership and Dues 1986 Dana L Baker, 1 7240 Twp. Rd. 206. Mt Victory, Ohio Annual dues to the Archaeological Society of Ohio are payable 43340 on the first of January as follows: Regular membership $12.00; 1986 Steve Balazs, 1010 N Mulberry St., Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 Husband and wife (one copy of publication) $13.00; Contributing 1986 Douglas Hooks, 120 Yoha Dr., Mansfield. Ohio 44907 $25.00. Funds are used for publishing the Ohio Archaeologist. The Archaeological Society of Ohio is an incorporated non-profit 1986 Wayne Mortine. Scott Dr Oxford Hts , organization and has no paid officers or employees Newcomerstown. Ohio 43832 The Ohio Archaeologist is published quarterly and subscription Regional Collaborators is included in the membership dues David W. Kuhn, 2642 Shawnee Rd., Portsmouth. Ohio Charles H Stout. Sr., 91 Redbank Drive, Fairborn, Ohio Back Issues Mark W. Long. Box 467, Wellston, Ohio Publications and back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist: Steven Kelley, Seaman, Ohio Ohio Flint Types, by Robert N. Converse $4,00 William Tiell, 13435 Lake Ave , Lakewood. Ohio Ohio Stone Tools, by Robert N Converse 3 00 Robert Jackman, Box 30, Wellsville, Ohio 43968 Ohio Slate Types, by Robert N. Converse 7 00 James L Murphy, University Libraries, 1858 Neil Avenue Mall, Back issues—black and white—each 3.00 Columbus, Ohio 43210 Back issues—four full color plates—each 3.00 Gordon Hart, 760 N. Main St.. Bluffton, Indiana 46714 Back issues of the Ohio Archaeologist printed prior to 1964 David J. Snyder, P.O. Box 388. Luckey, Ohio 43443 are generally out of print but copies are available from time to Dr. Phillip R Shriver, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 time. Write to business office for prices and availability

STANDING COMMITTEES SPECIAL COMMITTEES NOMINATING COMMITTEE PROGRAM COMMITTEE PRESERVATION COMMITTEE SOCIETY PHOTOGRAPHER Robert Converse, Chairman Martha Otto, Chairman Jeff Carskadden, Chairman Len Weidner Steve Fuller Mike Schoenfeld Richard Patterson FLOOR MANAGERS Jack Hooks John Winsch Jeff Brown COMMITTEE Wayne Mortine Bob Hill James Murphy Don Casto, Chairman Dana Baker Joy Jones MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE Edith Campbell AUDITING COMMITTEE Jane Weidner, Chairman SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Dave United Don Foster, Chairman Sharon Puttera COMMITTEE Robert White Craig Ciola Mike Wilson Robert Converse, Chairman Roy Stuart Mike Schoenfeld Ken Saunders Jeff Carskadden Billy Hillen Martha Otto COMMITTEE TO STUDY EXHIBITS COMMITTEE Scott Haskins BUDGETING Don Casto, Co-Chairman Greg Shipley Kim Ellis Wayne Mortine Don Foster, Chairman Frank Otto, Co-Chairman Jim Perry Billy Hillen Scott Haskins RAFFLE COMMITTEE James Greenlee Chris Olenick, Chairman Eugenia Kish Jim Hahn Jim Gooding Steve Olenick Jason Greenlee Dawn Wilson Jim Perry Warren Mears Jane Weidner FRAUDULENT ARTIFACTS (Joe Redick) Doug Hooks COMMITTEE Scott Haskins Dana Baker, Co-Chairman EDUCATION AND PUBLICITY COMMITTEE TO REVIEW Steve Puttera Steve Fuller, Co-Chairman COMMITTEE CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE Doug Hooks Robert Hill, Chairman Robert Converse, Co-Chairman William King. Chairman Don Bapst Craig Ciola Don Gehlbach. Co-Chairman Robert Converse Jeff Fruth Tom Grubb Dan Rosette Ernie Good James Gooding Jim Hahn Virginia Morelock Dorothy Good Martha Otto Paul Ford Mark Seeley Lar Hothem CONTENTS

The Expanded Center "Gorget": A Late Adena Bar Atlatl Weight 4 An Unusual Ohio Birdstone 9 A Preliminary Report Of A Mastodon Tooth Find And a Paleo-lndian Site In Hardin County, 0 10 Glacial Kame Presence In The Ottawa County Area 14 Personal Finds— 1983 16 Results Of The ASO Questionnaire 17 A Bird Effigy Pipe From The Philo 11 Site 20 An Unfinished Tubular Pipe 21 Report On The Knight Hollow Rockshelter 22 Chips Off The Same Block 29 The Sycamore Run Chapter Field Survey 30 A Crawford County Engraved Trapezoidal Pendant 32 A Quartzite Fluted Point 33 Suggestions For Exhibiting Site Displays 34 The "Lost Huron" Or "Lost Jesuit" Map Found 36 New Archaeological Report Published 38 American Indian Basketry 38 Necrology 38 Book Review 38 Loot! The Heritage Of Plunder 39 Thank You Note 39 New Southeast Ohio Regional Coordinator Named 39

Front COVer from the northeastern part of the United j BdCk COV©r States or the southeastern part of Can- j Red Slate ada, presumably either quarried from j This outstanding tubular pipe was By Robert N. Converse there or transported to the midwest by j found April 30,1983, by Robin Converse the glacier. Wherever it comes from, red j in a plowed field not far from Plain City One of the scarcest materials used by varieties of it are in an extreme minority ! in Madison County. It is made of sand- prehistoric Indians to manufacture gor- and in my experience I have never seen ! stone, a material typical of such pipes, gets, pendants and other forms of so- a raw piece of it on any surface site- j and although it was found in a field called ceremonial or decorative items, that in contrast to not uncommon finds j which, to the Editor's knowledge, has is red slate. This class of artifact, them- of chunks of gray banded slate on habi- j been under cultivation for several gen- selves enigmas of both purpose and be- tation and camp sites. erations, it hasn't a single scratch on it. wildering design, are usually made of Shown on the front cover are four ex- ! There were no associated artifacts or black or gray banded slate or shale. The amples of red slate gorgets. As may be ! human bones despite the fact that the infrequent use of red slate points to a seen in the color photograph, not all of j pipe must certainly have come from a rarity of a raw material source since it it is the same texture or color and in | burial situation. The only other evidence seems that, in many cases, the more fact may actually be different kinds of j which may have been present were large colorful material was most desirable. stone. At the top is an indented gorget irregular pieces of sandstone scattered The raw material source of slate of collected by Dr. Meuser from Lorain ! in the vicinity. Other artifacts found on any color or variety is a puzzle, and other County. Second is a two-hole gorget ! the site in previous years are of little than the glacial drift, no positive origin from Scioto County, salvaged from a j help in diagnosis of the pipe's origin for it is known to me. The old time col- larger gorget. Third is a bi-concave gor- j since they run the gamut from Archaic lectors-very knowledgeable for their get from Preble County. Fourth is an in- j to Historic Contact times. It measures day and paucity of literature-called it dented gorget from Williams County. 5!4 inches in length and the outside Huronian shale in the belief that it came Editor's collection. diameter at the bowl end is 1 % inches.

3 The Expanded Center "Gorget": A Late Adena Bar Atlatl Weight By Phillip R. Shriver Miami University

William C. Mills called it a "boat-shaped skeleton an effigy pipe 8 inches long of center" in labeling this diagnostic Adena gorget" (1902:465), for with one side an achondroplastic dwarf (Potter 1968: form, though one well-known archae­ flat and the other round, with a center 30), the famous Adena Pipe, perhaps ologist was still using it interchangeably that was broad and ends that were nar­ the best-known of all prehistoric arti­ with the Mills' label, "boat-shaped," as row, it reminded him of a boat. And, with facts found to date in Ohio (see Fig. 3). late as 1931 (Seltzer: 1931, 36). "Ex­ two holes in the one he had found, he In addition to the "boat-shaped gor­ panded center" is certainly much less thought it to be a gorget, according to get" found with burial six, Mills found subject to confusion than "boat-shaped," the old rule of thumb that if a small stone two biconcave gorgets associated with particularly in light of the subsequent object had but a single hole it was likely burials one and twenty, all three burials discovery by Mills of other much dif­ a pendant, but if it had two it probably in the primary mound. The first of the ferent "boat-shaped gorgets" in excava­ was a gorget. biconcave gorgets was fashioned from tions he conducted at the Edwin Harness But what particularly intrigued Mills banded slate and was found "on the Mound and the Tremper Mound, both was the fact that this boat-shaped gor­ right wrist" (461), while the second was classic Hopewellian (Converse, 42-43). get," 5% inches in length and made of made from limestone and was found Also, there would have been additional limestone, was found on the right arm "near the right wrist" (473). Both were confusion with the term "boatstone" as of the skeleton of a large adult female associated with adult male skeletons, generally applied by archaeologists to a boat-like form of atlatl weight found who had stood 5 feet 7V2 inches in height, one 5 feet 11 inches in length, the other and that encircling the gorget were two 5 feet 11 % inches. These were the larg­ in various late Archaic and Early, Middle, bracelets of copper. (See Fig. 1J Through est male skeletons found in the entire and Late Woodland sites (Converse, 62). the two holes of the gorget, in the words mound. (Interestingly, the "boat-shaped But if there is no problem with the of Mills, "were strings which had been gorget" was found on the right arm of use of the current label "expanded cen­ preserved by the action of the copper; the largest female skeleton, 5 feet 7/2 ter" in describing this Adena form, what these strings showed, too, that the gor­ inches, as noted earlier). It may have about the term "gorget"? Mills used the get had been attached either to the arm been pure coincidence that the three words "gorget" and "ornament" inter­ or to a woven fabric that was found as­ gorgets were found with the three larg­ changeably in describing the artifact he sociated with the bracelets'' (465). est skeletons, but was it coincidence had found (465). That he had found it on Mills' discovery of the "boat-shaped that all were beside the right wrist or the arm of a female encircled by brace­ gorget" came during the course of his arm? lets of copper and apparently attached excavation in the summer of 1901 of a In his extremely useful Ohio Slate to the sleeve of a garment must have large conical burial mound northwest of Types, Robert N. Converse has called established in his mind its probable use Chillicothe in Ross County in the valley attention to the biconcave gorget of as an ornamental piece. of the Scioto River on the estate of one banded slate as a typical Adena form, There is no question but that the word of Ohio's first United States senators citing the discovery of the one by Mills "gorget" has come to be used as a catch­ and later governor, Thomas Worthing- in the original and thus proto-typical all term, often employed when there is ton. It was Worthington who had given Adena Mound (Converse 1978: 46-47). a considerable element of doubt about the name "Adena" to his estate in 1807 And, in the same publication he has also the use of a particular small flat object when he had been in the Senate and his used the long familiar and commonly of slate or stone, usually but not always brother-in-law, Edward Tiffin, had been accepted term "expanded center gor­ two-holed. Like other archaeological governor of Ohio and when Chillicothe get," in reference to the artifact that catch-all terms ("problematical," "cere­ was serving as our first state capital (see Mills chose to call a "boat-shaped gor­ monial," "bannerstone," etc.), the word Fig. 2). Now it was Mills' turn to give the get," appropriately affirming it as "among "gorget" can be stretched to cover a name "Adena" to the mound and to the the diagnostic gorget forms of the Adena multitude of imponderables. prehistoric people who had built it. And culture" and underscoring as a "signifi­ The late Arthur George Smith of Nor- archaeologists have been calling their cant clue" to its use the Mills' discovery walk, still a legend in Ohio aracheology, culture Adena" ever since. in the original Adena Mound "of an ex­ wrote a short but penetrating article for When Mills began his investigation of panded center gorget on the right wrist the Ohio Archaeologist in October 1961 the Adena Mound, the earthwork was of a female burial. . . . apparently . . (116) which he entitled "Why Gorget'?" 26 feet high and had a circumference attached to the sleeve of a garment In it he observed, "Originally the word of 445 feet. He quickly discerned that which had been preserved by the chem­ gorget' designated a piece of late he was actually exploring a primary ical action of two copper bracelets en­ Medieval armor that protected the throat mound of 20 feet in height with a diam­ circling both the wrist and the gorget" (gorge). In the 18th century the name eter of 90 feet upon which a secondary (50). Converse goes on to note that, was applied to a metal ornament, usually mound had been imposed (452). Within "These well-known gorgets are usually crescent-shaped, worn at the throat as the primary mound he found 21 skele­ symmetrical and finely finished. The a badge of Army rank. These were often tons; in the secondary, 12 more. He bottom is invariably flat and the upper engraved with the Royal arms or the noted that "the implements and orna­ surface is rounded or semi-circular. They regimental arms. Our officers wore gor­ ments found in both sections of the expand in the center—some examples gets in the Revolutionary War, just as mound were similar in every respect," decidely so—and taper to square ends. their British opponents did. . . . Back but he also found that most were as­ A significant number are undrilled (italics in the dark ages of archaeology, some­ sociated with burials in the primary mine), but when perforations are present one decided that the two-holed flat mound with very few in the secondary the conical holes are drilled from the pieces were the Indian equivalent of the (454). In a log tomb on the north side bottom and barely pierce the upper officer's gorget and had been worn by the of the primary mound, with the twenty- surface" (50). Indian as a badge of rank in the tribe. The name gorget' stuck and we still use first and final burial he examined (474- There seems to me no reason to ques­ it. . . ." 478), he found near the left hand of the tion the descriptive qualifier "expanded

A In the instance of the expanded cen­ Most of the 25 are banded slate. At least likely use of the expanded center gorget ter gorget, Mills' decision to call the one is sandstone. when William S. Webb and William D. stone object he had found encircled in Clearly there is no argument that the Funkhouser published in the University copper bracelets in the Adena Mound expanded center gorget is a diagnostic of Kentucky Reports in Anthropology a "gorget" has conditioned our thinking trait of Late Adena. Thirty years after and Archaeology their discovery in an ever since. Certainly Gerard Fowke the Greenman analysis, Don W. Dragoo Adena site (the Ricketts Site) in Mont­ (1902:567) and Henry C. Shetrone of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh gomery County in Kentucky. Specific­ (1920:160) were willing to use the same called it "the most distinctive and diag­ ally, they had found a "well worked antler term in describing similar objects found nostic gorget in Late Adena" (1963:215). handle ... in the same grave, practically in the course of their subsequent inves­ He noted that expanded center gorgets in alignment with the stone weight (an tigations of Adena mounds. Though have been found throughout the Adena expanded center gorget) and by estima­ Warren K. Moorehead had preferred area, not only in southern and central tion at the proper distance from it to initially to call the expanded center arti­ Ohio, the major center of Adena, but indicate that they may have been part facts he had discovered in the Story also in such diverse places as the Grave of the same atlatl" (1935:Fig. 18, 89). Mound near Chillicothe "coffin-shaped Creek Mound in the panhandle of West Subsequently, according to Webb and ceremonials" (1899:133-135), he too Virginia (133, 172); the Robbins Mound a later co-author, Charles E. Snow, it came around to Mills' term "gorget" by in Boone County, Kentucky (188); the was observed recurrently that expanded 1917 (Moorehead 1917:66-69). C and O Mounds in Paintsville, Ken­ center gorgets in Adena mounds "are Accepting too of the term "gorget" in tucky, where 11 were found (188-191); usually found in the region of the hips describing the expanded center objects the Stoops Mound, Glidewell Mound, or lower extremities, are most frequently was Emerson F. Greenman in his pene­ and Mound Camp in the Whitewater found lying parallel to the body and flat trating analysis of Adena cultural traits Valley of southeastern Indiana (202); side up. (Underlining mine.) This seems in 1932, an analysis which centered on the C. L. Lewis Stone Mound in central to suggest that they could have been 70 known Adena mounds beginning with Indiana (202-203; see also Kellar 1973: atlatl weights attached to the back of the Mills' Adena Mound as #1. Of the 70, 41-42); and as far eastward as Maryland flat atlatl bar, flat side against it. When 47 were in Ohio, 5 in Indiana, 1 in Illi­ and Delaware, including a Late Adena an atlatl was included as a burial offer­ nois, 15inWestVirginia, 1 inTennessee, site on the St. Jones River near Dover, ing, it was usually laid in the grave, han­ and 1 in Pennsylvania. From these 70 Delaware (282-285). dle near the hand of the individual, Adena mounds had come a total of 19 But there is an argument, and a very bringing the gorget' into the position expanded center gorgets, of which 11 legitmate one, over the function or use found" (1945:84-85). Concluded Webb were two-holed and 8 were undrilled of this object in Late Adena times, and, and Snow, "There seems to have been (429-431). (Italics are mine.) Of the 11 consequently, overwhether it should be little or nothing observed in their actual that were two-holed, 7 were slate, 3 lime­ called a "gorget" or some other name. occurrence in burial associations to stone, and 1 other stone. Of the 8 un­ As noted earlier, Mills used the terms justify the term "gorget" (1945:84-85). drilled, 3 were slate, 1 sandstone, and "gorget" and "ornament" interchange­ Subsequent research suggests that 4 other stone. One of the two-holed ably in attempting to label it, doubtless Webb, Funkhouser, and Snow have limestone gorgets was, of course, the because of the peculiar location of the finally gotten our understanding of the one found by Mills in the Adena Mound one he had found on the right arm of a expanded center gorget and its uses on in 1901 (see Fig. 1). Of the 8 undrilled female burial, encircled by copper the right track. One is prone to conjec­ expanded center gorgets, 3 came from bracelets. Fowke, on the other hand, ture what the course of that understand­ the Story Mound near Chillicothe ex­ found similar objects on the left arms of ing might have been if only Mills had amined by Moorehead (1899:132-135); the skeletons of adult males and con­ investigated the Ricketts Site in Mont­ 1 came from a mound in Newton Town­ jectured that they might have been worn gomery County, Kentucky, before un­ ship, Pike County, Ohio, excavated by there as protection against the slap of dertaking the excavation of the Adena Fowke (1902:355-357, 376); 1 came the bowstring (1902:564), this before it Mound. But, that is hind sight. from the Fudge Mound in Randolph was subsequently shown that the Adena What is significant is that Dragoo, County, Indiana, described by Frank M. in all likelihood did not use the bow and Raymond S. Baby and others have Seltzer (1931:36; Plate 20, 46); and 3 arrow. Fowke also shared the specula­ joined Webb, Funkhouser, and Snow in came from a mound in Columbus, Frank­ tions of others that the expanded center agreeing that the expanded center gor­ lin County, Ohio, excavated by a person objects might have been "twine twist­ get probably was not a "gorget" or "or­ or persons not identified by Greenman ers," or "shuttles" for weaving, or worn nament'' or "arm guard"' or "twine (1932:515). as ornaments about the neck or on a twister" or "shuttle" or "bowstring re­ An examination of our own Ohio Ar­ belt around the waist. He even ques­ ducer" after all, but rather a bar atlatl chaeologist and the articles, pictures, tioned whether the constricted holes of weight all the time. It was Martha Potter and captions which have appeared in it the drilled "gorgets" might not have who wrote in 1968 that, The Adena over the past quarter century reveals been used to reduce bowstrings to a men were hunters and fishermen. Like the persistence of the use of the term uniform diameter (1902:564-567)! the Archaic, they used spears or javelins, expanded center "gorget" to this day. Moorehead joined in the speculation, sometimes with the added assistance (See for example Vol. 9, No. 2, 1959, ruminating on the possible use of the of the atlatl. However, the atlatl evidently inside front and back covers; Vol. 14, expanded center "gorgets'" as "arm suffered a decline in popularity in Adena No. 4,1964,114; Vol. 25, No. 2,1975,13, guards worn by archers," a possibility times; fewer weights and handles have 29; Vol. 26, No. 4,1976,38; Vol. 27, No. 1, he thought "quite likely" (1917:66). been found in sites of this culture than 1977, 9; Vol. 28, No. 1, 1978, 34; Vol. Having engaged in that fancy, he none­ in Archaic manifestations, and those 28, No. 3, 1978, back cover; Vol. 30, theless reached the same conclusion that have recovered are relatively simple No. 3, 1980, 30; Vol. 31, No. 2, 1981, that Mills had reached before him, that in design" (28-29). Webb and Baby noted 24; Vol. 32, No. 1, 1982, 27; Vol. 32, they probably were nothing more than in 1957, with reprints continuing two No. 2, 1982, 22; Vol. 32, No. 4, 1982, "personal ornaments pure and simple decades later, that, "The evidences of 34.) Interestingly, of the 25 expanded rather than utility objects" (1917:66- the use of the atlatl by Adena people, center gorgets described and/or pic­ 69). as manifested by the occurrence of tured in these particular articles, 20 ap­ It was not until 1935 that an entirely antler handles, expanded bar gorgets, pear to be two-holed and 5 undrilled. new perspective was placed on the and keel-shaped bar gorgets, increase

5 as excavations are extended (28). As the 3 discussed and pictured here), 31 artifacts contained in the museum's summarized by Dragoo,". . . this object are two-holed and 16 are undrilled. collections. I am also indebted to the (the expanded center gorget) was prob­ Whether drilled or undrilled, all have late Arthur George ("Sarge") Smith for ably not truly a gorget but actually an the same basic characteristics: a flat his spirit of archaeological inquiry and atlatl weight. When found in grave as­ under surface, a rounded upper surface, the late George B. Towner for enthusi­ sociation, it generally was near the an expanded center with semicircular astically sharing with me the results of lower extremities along the side of the protuberances, and squared ends. a lifetime of interest in Ohio's prehistory. body rather than near or on the chest— Nearly all are unusually symmetrical The expanded center bar seems to have and display a fine degree of workman­ References been made only in Late Adena..." (1963: ship. With as many as a third of them undrilled, it is simply untenable to refer Dragoo. Don W 215-216). 1963 Mounds for the Dead: An Analysis As a bar atlatl weight, the expanded to these as "unfinished" or "pre-formed." of the Adena Culture, in Annals ot center gorget would seem to make sense And, with some mounds revealing both the Carnegie Museum. No 37 drilled and undrilled in burial associa­ Pittsburgh. at long last in both of its essential forms, Fowke, Gerard the two-holed and the undrilled. Either tion, it becomes evident that both types 1902 Archaeological History ot Ohio: The form could be readily secured by cord had a similar function to perform and Mound Builders or Later Indians. or thong to the flat shaft of the atlatl, that function in all likelihood was neither Ohio State Archaeological and His­ ornamental nor decorative but rather torical Society Columbus whether laced through the perforations Funkhouser. William D and Williams S. Webb in the instance of the two-holed bar, or utilitarian. (Indeed, how could an un­ 1935 The Ricketts Site in Montgomery cord-wrapped in figure-8 fashion in the drilled object of this size and weight County, Kentucky, in Reports in Ar­ have been worn about the neck, on the chaeology and Anthropology Vol instance of the undrilled. No longer III, No 6. University of Kentucky need there be the lame explanation that chest, or on the wrist?) Lexington. the frequently encountered undrilled 2. The primary weapon or tool of the Greenman. Emerson F. bar was in fact "unfinished." Adena in their quest for food and in their 1932 Excavation of the Coon Mound In the accompanying photographs are struggle to survive was still the spear. and an Analysis of the Adena Cul­ ture, in Ohio Slate Archaeological three undrilled expanded center gorgets The atlatl, or spear throwing stick, re­ and Historical Quarterly Vol XLI. or bar atlatl weights which seem well- quired weights to enhance the kinetic pp. 366-523 Columbus. suited to support this hypothesis. The energy of the throw. Such weights, to Kellar, James H be tightly secured to the flat surface of 1973 An Introduction to the Prehistory first was part of the George B. Towner ot Indiana. Indiana Historical So­ Collection of Brady Lake when photo­ the throwing stick, had to have a flat ciety Indianapolis graphed by the author in 1964 and was underside. With its flat bottom, sym­ Mills, William C found by Towner on a hill-top overlook­ metrical shape, and center width of less 1902 Excavation of the Adena Mound, in Ohio Archaeological and Histori­ ing the valley of the Cuyahoga River than 2 inches, the expanded center gor­ cal Publications. Vol. X. pp. 452- in Shalersville Township of Portage get, whether drilled or undrilled, could 479 Columbus. County approximately five miles north­ be readily wrapped and/or tied to the Moorehead. Warren K east and up-river from the Adena site flat underside of the throwing stick that 1899 Report of Field Work in Various at Lake Rockwell described by the was invariably 2 inches or less in width Portions of Ohio, in Ohio Archae­ ological and Historical Publications. author on page 32 of the Spring 1982 though 2 feet or more in length. Vol VII. pp 110-203. Columbus. issue (Vol. 32, No. 2) of the Ohio Ar­ 3. The research of the past half-cen­ 1917 Chapter VII. The Ridged and Ex­ chaeologist. Of dark green, almost tury of Webb, Snow, Baby, Dragoo and panded Gorgets, in Stone Orna­ ments Used by Indians ot the United black, slate, it is 4% inches long and others has repeatedly demonstrated States and Canada. The Andover 1 VB inches wide. It is approximately 1 % that expanded center gorgets, whether Press. Andover. Massachusetts. inches thick in mid-section (see Fig. 4). drilled or undrilled, have invariably ap­ Potter. Martha A. peared in grave association near the 1968 Ohio's Prehistoric Peoples. Ohio The second was acquired by the author Historical Society Columbus from the Edward W. Payne Collection lower extremities of Adena burials Seltzer. Frank M in February 1955 with provenience in­ alongside and parallel to the body, flat 1931 The Archaeology of Randolph dicated only as "Ohio." On its flat under­ side up, rather than near or on the chest County and the Fudge Mound, in or at the throat or "gorge." This would Indiana History Bulletin. Vol IX side Payne had marked '2069." Made of No 1, October. 1931, pp. 7-51. dark green banded slate, it is an un­ strongly suggest, as Webb and Snow Indianapolis blemished beauty. It measures 4 inches have pointed out (1945:84-85) and as Shetrone, Henry C was indicated earlier, that, "When an 1920 The Culture Problem in Ohio Ar­ long by 1% inches wide at the center, chaeology, in American Anthropo- and it is % inches thick at mid-section atlatl was included as a burial offering, gist. Vol XXII, No I.January-March. (see Fig. 5). it was usually laid in the grave, handle 1920. pp 144-172. particularly 159- The third is part of the permanent near the hand of the individual, bring­ 161 Lancaster Pennsylvania. ing the gorget' into the position found.' Shriver. Phillip R. archaeological collection of the Ottawa 1982 An Adena Site at Lake Rockwell, County Historical Society Museum in 4. Thus Mills' "boat-shaped gorget" of in Ohio Archaeologist. Vol 32, No. the original and proto-typical Adena 2. Spring. 1982. p 32 Columbus. Port Clinton and was given to the mu­ Smith. Arthur George seum by the one who had found it in the Mound was in fact neither boat-shaped" 1961 Why Gorget? in Ohio Archaeolo­ area, John Kettlesen, also of Port Clin­ nor a "gorget." Most archaeologists have gist. Vol. II. No 4. October. 1961. ton, on November 24, 1931. Fashioned long since accepted "expanded center p, 116 Columbus as a better description than "boat- Webb. WilliamS. from gray banded slate, it is 4%6 inches 1952 The Archaic Cultures and the long, 1% inches wide at the center, and shaped." The time has come as well to Adena People, in Ohio State Ar­ Vie inches thick at the mid-section (see accept "bar atlatl weight" as a more ac­ chaeological and Historical Quar­ curate term than gorget." Let's do it. terly. Vol. LXI, pp. 178-181 Colum­ Fig. 6). bus Webb. William S. and Raymond S. Baby CONCLUSIONS: ACKNOLWEDGEMENTS: 1957 The Adena People. No. 2. Ohio His­ My appreciation goes to Mrs. Eliza­ torical Society Columbus 1. Of 47 expanded center gorgets con­ Webb, William S and Charles E. Snow sidered in this article (the 19 in the beth Denney, curator of the Ottawa 1945 The Adena People, in Reports in Greenmafi survey of 70 Adena mounds, County Historical Society Museum in Archaeology and Anthropology. the 25 pictured in earlier issues of the Port Clinton, for her kind assistance in Vol VI University of Kentucky. Lexington Ohio Archaeologist cited above, and enabling me to examine and photograph

6 Fig. I (Shriver) Mills' discovery in 1901 of an expanded center gorget encircled by copper bracelets on the arm of an adult female burial in the famous Adena Mound conditioned our understanding of the use of this stone type until very recent years. Photo reproduced by courtesy of the Ohio Historical Society.

Fig. 2 (Shriver) "Adena. "the 1807 estate of Ohio's first senator and sixth governor. It was on these grounds near Chillicothe that Mills excavated the mound in 1901 which established the name "Adena "for the culture which had created it. Found in the mound were the celebrated Adena Pipe and the expanded center gorget encircled by copper bracelets. Photo reproduced by courtesy of the Ohio Historical Society.

Fig. 3 (Shriver) The famed Adena Pipe, perhaps the best known prehistoric artifact ever found in Ohio, discovered by Mills in the Adena Mound near Chillicothe in 1901. Photo reproduced by courtesy of the Ohio Historical Society.

7 Fig. 4 (Shriver) Undrilled expanded center gorget or bar atlatl weight found by George B. Towner in the valley of the Cuyahoga River in Shalersville Township. Portage County. Photographed by the author in 1964 with permission of Mr. Towner.

Fig. 5 (Shriver) Undrilled expanded center gorget or bar atlatl weight of dark green banded slate from the author's personal collection, originally part of the Edward W. Payne Collection.

Fig. 6 (Shriver) Part of the collection of the Ottawa County Historical Society Museum is this gray banded slate undrilled expanded center gorget or bar atlatl weight.

8 An Unusual Ohio Birdstone By Jim Hovan 16979 S. Meadows Circle, Strongsville, Ohio

The slate birdstone pictured actual The two side views of the bird are The second interesting feature is the size was manufactured of highly drama­ pictured actual size and clearly show slightly scooped, highly polished base. tic banded slate. Unfortunately, the pro­ the side drilling. Why this bird was drilled Perhaps this unusual base is the reason venience of the piece was lost years through the side rather than through the the bird was not drilled in regular fashion. ago. However, it's my opinion that the anterior and posterior bridges is a mys­ At any rate, this birdstone has never bird originated in one of Ohio's north­ tery. There is ample room for the bird to been pictured before and I'm pleased to western counties. be drilled in "normal" birdstone fashion. be able to present it to you.

Fig. 1 (Hovan) Slate birdstone with lateral perforation. Shown in obverse and reverse.

Fig. 2 (Hovan) Close view of bottom of birdstone showing scooped out bottom.

9 A Preliminary Report of a Mastodon Tooth Find and a Paleo-lndian Site in Hardin County, Ohio By Bradley T. Lepper Department of Anthropology Ohio State University Columbus 43210

In Hardin County the Wabash moraine the same field less than 25 ft. from the Literature Cited is a 50-60 ft. high ridge running from area where the mastodon tooth was Falquet, R.A. and W.C. Hanebert the northwest to the southeast across found (Figure 6). The point was appar­ 1978 The Willard mastodon: evidence of the county (Figure ,1). This deposit of ently broken in the fluting process and human predation. Ohio Archaeolo­ glacial drift marks a period of relative is therefore unfinished. The edges show gist 28(2): 17. stability in the glacial margin of over no signs of rounding or polish and no Forsyth, J.L. 14,000 years ago which dammed the attempt was made to rework or otherwise 1963 Ice age census. Ohio Conservation Scioto River at a point just west of Ken­ slavage the point. Two other, possibly Bulletin 27 (9): 16-19-31. ton (Goldthwait 1979; Goldthwait ef at. related, artifacts have been collected Goldthwait, R.P. 1979). This dam formed a large glacial from this site. A small, concave-based 1979 Ice over Ohio. In: M.B. Lafferty lanceolate point fragment (Figure 7) and (editor) Ohio's Natural Heritage. lake which was eventually drained by Ohio Academy of Science, Colum­ the Scioto River. Swampy remnants of a large, unifacially retouched flake-knife bus pp. 32-47. this lake were still evident in the nine­ (not illustrated) were both recovered from the general area of the fluted point Goldthwait, R.P., G.W. White and J.L. Forsyth teenth century when this area was re­ 1979 Glacial map of Ohio. U.S. Geologi­ ferred to as the Scioto Marsh (Howland find. No other prehistoric artifacts have cal Survey. 1879:51). been collected from this area. I visited Gordon, R.B. On the northeastern edge of this ex­ this site in the company of James Mor­ 1969 The natural vegetation of Ohio in tinct lake basin and at the base of the ton and Nigel Brush of Columbus (and pioneer days. Bulletin of the Ohio Wabash moraine, local residents Tom the three previously named discover­ Biological Survey 3 (3), Ohio State Van Buskirk, Curt Shaw and Steve Ray ers). Under excellent survey conditions University, Columbus. have made some important discoveries. (see Figure 3) we were unable to locate Guilday, J.E. and D.S. Berman From the surface of an isolated area of even a single debitage fragment. The 1969 Mastodon and Paleo-lndian in West dark clayey sediments (see Figure 2 and site is, therefore, either mostly buried Virginia. West Virginia Archaeolo­ 3) they recovered a mastodon tooth. or of extremely low density. gist 22: 1-3. There has been extensive disturbance There is an extensive historic com­ Howland, H.G. of the deposits parallel to the Scioto ponent at the site consisting of numer­ 1879 Atlas of Hardin Co., Ohio. R. Sutton and Co., Philadelphia. River through various dredging and ous scattered bricks, crockery fragments flood control operations from 1859 and recent animal bone. This undoubt­ Osborn, H.F. through the twentieth century (Gordon 1936 Proboscidea, Volume 1. American edly relates to a structure which appears Museum of Natural History Press, 1969: 26), but the immediate area of on a map of this locality dating to 1879 New York, the site seems to have remained fortuit­ (Howland 1879). ously intact. The importance of further work at this The mastodon tooth (Figure 4) is a site should be obvious. It is tempting fragment of a left upper third molar in to speculate on the meaning of this as­ a relatively poor state of preservation sociation of a mastodon with Paleo- (Osborn 1936). The anterior lophs which lndian artifacts, but without further data remain show extensive wear (see Figure such speculation would be premature at 5) indicating that the individual was quite best. old (Dr. Paul Sciulli, personal communi­ cation). This find is only the third masto­ don reported from Hardin County. Inter­ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS estingly, the previous two finds were I would like to express my thanks to also from the general vicinity of the James Morton for bringing this material Scioto Marsh (Forsyth 1963:19). Falquet to my attention and for his continued and Hanebert (1978) and others have assistance in the investigation of this suggested that such environments, i.e. site. The collectors who discovered this glacial lakes/bogs/marshes, were es­ site have already been named, but their pecially attractive to mastodons. How­ unselfish cooperation warrants further ever, Guilday and Berman (1969) caution acknowledgement. My thanks and con­ that the high frequencies of mastodon gratulations to Tom Van Buskirk, Curt finds in these situations may simply re­ Shaw and Steve Ray of Kenton, Ohio. flect the greater chances of the bones I would also like to thank Dr. William being preserved there. Dancey of the Department of Anthro­ This fossil locality takes on a special pology, Ohio State University, for his importance in the light of other discov­ helpful comments on an earlier draft of eries made here. A large fluted point this paper and Alan Hirtle for his fine fragment was found on the surface of renderings of Figures 1 and 2.

10 Fig. 1 Glacial geology of central Hardin County, Ohio, (after Goldthwait. White and Forsyth 1979)

= AREA OF SITE

0 500 = APPROXIMATE LOCATION FEET OF HISTORIC PERIOD CONTOUR INTERVAL 5 FEET STRUCTURE Fig. 2 Sketch map of the site.

1 1 •.. J*. IMP VA-?

,.»* Fig. 3 WOT 0/ f/re sire looking to the southwest. The area of black clayey soil is clearly visible in the center of the photograph. The individuals in the photograph are. from left to right. Tom Van Buskirk. Curt Shaw and Steve Ray

2 , ,73, 7 4STEY7 5".;'476 ' " iiihhliiiliii 'iilili mi iiiiMiiiiiiiii iiiiiiihii Fig. 4 Mastodon tooth from Hardin County. Ohio. Fig. 5 The mastodon tooth showing the flattened crowns indicative of extensive wear. Photograph courtesy of James Morton.

12 a b

II Ht|IH|l}l|l|l IH|t|t|l|l|l|l l|l|l|l|l|l|l II' PB.APP'D. (STANLEYJ *< NO. 139TC ZIGZAG ^ 2 I 4 Fig. 6 Fluted point from Hardin County, a) obverse face: b) reverse face.

l|l|l|ljlM i|i|i|i|itl|Hi IM|l|l|l|l|l|l P.R.APP'O. ^ t;STANLEY 3 *< N0.339TC

Fig. 7 Lanceolate point base from Hardin County, a) obverse face: b) reverse face.

13 Glacial Kame Presence in the Ottawa County Area By Phillip R. Shriver Miami University

Ohio's Ottawa County has been the to Port Clinton is located. Measuring 8 inch banded slate Glacial Kame gor­ scene of extensive archaeological in­ 4% inches in length and 2% inches in get with tally marked sides which was vestigation in recent years, centering heighth, it is 1% inches in thickness in found on a surface near Roundhead in primarily on the Libben Site on the north mid-section. Undrilled, the piece was Hardin County (1978: Fig. 33, 72). bank of the Portage River some 4 miles evidently fractured in the process of CONCLUSION west of Port Clinton and 2/2 miles south finishing and then discarded. Converse' of Lake Erie. Yielding skeletal remains (1978 Glacial Kame Indians: 64) has Though Glacial Kame burial sites are of possibly as many as 2,000 individuals, noted three recurring styles of bird- still unmarked and unknown in Ottawa this Late Woodland site has been de­ stones in the Glacial Kame culture: County, typological artifacts such as the scribed as likely "the largest prehistoric those with heads large in porportion two shown here confirm Glacial Kame Indian cemetery yet discovered in North to the short body and with a short tail; presence in Ottawa's Portage River area America" (Romain 1979: I, 40). Another those which are long and slender with in Late Archaic times. writer has referred to the people of Lib­ narrow heads, and often with eyes de­ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ben as "probably ancestral Huron" and noted by protuberances or banding in has reported dates of occupancy as fall­ the slate; and those with a long slender To the curator of the Ottawa County ing between 700 and 1300 A.D. (Balz neck and hook-like head. . . ." Clearly, Historical Society Museum, Mrs. Eliza­ 1978: 26). the unfinished birdstone pictured here beth Denney, goes appreciation for her In contrast, though it is well within is of the first style. many courtesies in permitting the study the cultural area of the older Glacial The second Glacial Kame-type artifact and photographing of items of interest Kame burial cult of the Late Archaic is a variant of a coffin-shaped gorget in the museum's archaeological col­ period, Ottawa County thus far has re­ of dark greenish-brown banded slate lections. vealed but few evidences of possible (see Fig. 2). Found by Earl Wendling, References Glacial Kame occupation (Shriver 1982: whose property was on the north side 30). In his comprehensive study entitled of the Portage River near its mouth on Baby. Raymond S. The Glacial Kame Indians, Robert N. the west side of Port Clinton, the two- 1961 "A Glacial Kame Wolf Mask-Head­ holed gorget is 8 inches long, 2% inches dress" in American Antiquity, Vol. Converse has provided several maps 26, No. 4. pp. 552-553. Salt Lake which together highlight the absence wide, and Vie inches thick at the mid­ City. of such evidence. One which shows section. Four long cream-colored seams Balz, Douglas sites known to be or suspected of being accent the obverse side of the piece 1978 The Late Woodland People' Give Glacial Kame indicates none for Ottawa (see Fig. 2), while 2 incised lines curve Up Their Secrets" in Sunday Maga­ County (9). Another, a distribution map outward from the central perforation on zine Supplement, Akron Beacon of counties with five or more birdstones, the reverse side (see Fig. 3). Eight well- Journal, May 7, 1978, pp. 8-31. shows a blank for Ottawa County (61). notched tally marks have been cut into Akron. Still another, a distribution map of Ohio the squared end while 36 lightly incised Converse, Robert N. counties in which Glacial Kame gorgets tallies have been cut into the right edge 1978 "Glacial Kame Gorgets" in Ohio have been found, though showing such of the obverse side and 22 into the left Archaeologist, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. finds for every county contiguous to edge (see Fig. 2). Curiously, though the 36-37. Cplumbus. upper perforation evidences compara­ 1978 The Glacial Kame Indians. Archae­ Ottawa, again indicates none for Ottawa ological Society of Ohio. Columbus. County (65). Nor have relevant articles ble drilling from both sides, the central in such diverse journals as American perforation was drilled primarily from 1978 Ohio Slate Types, pp. 30-31; 52. Antiquity and Ohio Archaeologist dis­ the reverse side with secondary drilling Archaeological Society of Ohio. closed evidence of Glacial Kame pres­ at an obtuse angle from the obverse Columbus. ence in the Ottawa County area. side (see Fig. 2). Martin, Paul S. and George I. Quimby, Donald Collier Because of past residence in Ottawa In his Ohio Slate Types, Converse has 1947 Indians Before Columbus, pp. 262- County, this writer's curiosity was chal­ noted (1978: 52) that the coffin-shaped 263. University of Chicago Press. lenged to visit the Ottawa County His­ Glacial Kame gorget typically is "pointed Romain, William F. torical Society Museum in Port Clinton at one end and squared at the other and 1979 The Libben Site, Ottawa County, to examine its archaeological collections has the general outline of a coffin or Ohio. Part I: Environment, Excava­ in order to determine if there was any­ gothic window. There are the usual three tion and Temporal Position" in Ohio thing there which might shed light on this holes although some are found with Archaeologist, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. matter. Interestingly, with the helpful co­ only two or even one hole. . . . Some 40-41. Columbus. operation of curator Elizabeth Denney, unusually large examples are as long 1979 "The Libben Site, Ottawa County, the two artifacts pictured in this article as 9 inches. Most are around 6 inches." Ohio. Part II: The Subsistence-Set­ were disclosed which together suggest While the upper end of the Ottawa tlement System" in Ohio Archaeol­ that, though not extensive, there was County gorget does not come to a sharp ogist, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 42-43. Columbus. indeed a Glacial Kame presence in the point, it is pointed in contrast to the Ottawa area. squared lower end. There is no mistaking 1980 "The Libben Site, Ottawa County, its coffin or gothic window outline. And, Ohio. Part III: Social Behavior and The first is an unfinished birdstone Organization" in Ohio Archaeolo­ of reddish-brown banded slate which with its 8 inch length it is clearly within the customary range for very large gor­ gist, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 53-55. Co­ was found by James W. Yensen and lumbus. turned over to the museum on Novem­ gets of this type. Though tally marks evidently are not usually characteristic Shriver, Phillip R. ber 17, 1931 (see Pig. 1). Mr. Yensen 1982 'Glacial Kame Bar-Type Birdstones lived on Route 163 just east of Port Clin­ of Glacial Kame slate pieces, they are in the William M. Jacka Collection" ton and south of Catawba Island near not unknown. Indeed, Converse in his in Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 32, No. where the present by-pass entrance Glacial Kame Indians has pictured an 3, p. 30. Columbus.

14 Fig. 1 (Shriver) The unfinished bar-type Glacial Kame birdstone from the James W. Yensen Collection of the Ottawa County Historical Society Museum.

Fig. 2 (Shriver) Obverse side of the 8 inch long coffin- shaped Glacial Kame gorget of banded slate from the Earl Wendlmg Collection of the Ottawa County Historical Society Fig. 3 (Shriver) Reverse side of the same gorget. The number Museum. "2" refers to the Earl Wendling Collection.

15 Personal Finds-1983 By Lar Hothem 65 Oberle, Carroll, Ohio

The rolling terrain of Northwestern termed minor Archaic sites. The lithic Archaic, in many forms. The area (or at Fairfield County usually does not offer scatter was thin, but only three other least the dozen sites I hunt) is mainly much for the Amerind artifact hunter. collectors competed for the sites. Early Archaic, since very few slate The great centers of Woodland times No especially rare points or outstand­ pieces or ground-stone tools have been are not present, and the Paleo fluted- ing specimens are shown. Flintridge found. A lack of good rains for the period point people, for the most part, seem material—due to the location about 30 hunted contributed to the low number to have hunted elsewhere. But, Archaic miles from the quarry site—makes up of finds. The total was 61 points or blades Indians found the region suitable, and 13 of the 49 pieces, Upper Mercer at and over 200 broken items, including their chipped art is everywhere. All least 18. Unidentifiable cherts are also five drill sections. pieces shown are from Greenfield Town­ present in number. Woodland artifacts One Late-Paleo or Piano site was ship, Ohio. are represented, plus the Mississippian hunted, which produced a number of Artifacts in the frame are all field-finds triangles. One much-farmed Ft. Ancient lanceolate bases, some very beautifully for the spring of 1983; longest specimen site produced a personal record of sorts, chipped of high-quality flints. The loca­ (second row, far right) is 2% inches. 23 broken points, no perfect specimens. tion of the small Archaic sites suggests These were collected from knolls along The overall thrust of prehistoric oc­ seasonal occupation for nut-gathering very small streams, on what can be cupation for this Township seems to be and hunting, but not fishing.

Fig. 1 (Hothem) Surface found artifacts from Fairfield County. Ohio.

16 Results of the ASO Questionnaire By Scott Haskins Columbus, Ohio

Late last year 2250 questionnaires were mailed to ASO members as an insert to the final issue of this magazine for 1982. Some 265 were returned that had been at least partially completed by the respondent. This is a return percentage of 11.77, more than double the rate considered successful for political or advertising queries. In addition, 21 notes or letters were forwarded to the editorial office; There were a number of people who elaborated on some aspect of the questionnaire or who wished to discuss ancillary topics. The purpose of this survey was to ascertain the opinions of ASO members regarding the content and style of "Ohio Archaeologist" (20 questions) and the structure and conduct of the Society and its meetings (15 questions). Two hundred sixty two people answered at least some of the questions pertaining to the magazine. This was 98.86% of the number re­ turned. One hundred seventy six people answered at least some of the questions pertaining to the Society and its meetings, or 66.41% of the total number who responded. This lesser figure is most likely due to the fact many ASO members reside out of state and are unable to attend meetings. Devising an opinion/survey instrument that is high in validity (does it really measure what it purports to measure) and re­ liability (if it were administered several times would results be similar) can be surprisingly difficult, even for those with much experience in the art. Our form provided a 3-point graduated scale, yes-no sequences, and several open-ended questions. Not every respondent answered every question. Given the need to provide the membership with feedback in a reasonable amount of time and in recognition of the basic purpose of this survey, not every question was tabulated. An effort was made to scrutinize those questions that seem to address the concerns that have arisen within the Society most frequently over the years. In part one, the "Ohio Archaeologist" subjects/questions examined were: 1. Site reports by amateurs. 2. Site reports by professionals 4. Pictures of individual fine artifacts. 5. Pictures of general collections. 7. Reviews of archaeological reports and books. 8. Professional articles other than site reports. 11. Article on fake artifacts. 13. Would you favor inclusion of a condensed summary of Board meeting minutes? 14. Do you think the "Ohio Archaeologist" is too technical? 18. Is there a particular phase of archaeology or culture you would like to see emphasized and what is it? 19. Would you favor expansion of our reporting area to include adjacent states?

For part two, The Society and its Meetings, questions examined were: 1. Does the Society have too many meetings? 2b. Should picnic meetings be more centrally located? 4. Meeting display awards. Do you think there are too many not enough about right? 5. Do you think too many meeting awards detract from their value? 6. Do you think displays at meetings are well judged? 8. Is there a particular type program you would like to have at general meetings? 9. Would you prefer more programs by Society members and amateurs rather than professional archaeologists? 11.1s there any area in which you feel the Society meetings are weak? 11 b. What would you do to change them? 14. Do you think the business portion of the meetings should be shortened? 14b. Or dispensed with? 15. What would you do to make our meetings more interesting? Although not listed as response options on the questionnaire 12 people wrote that the magazine was too technical "some­ times." Fourteen people indicated that they would like to see larger and/or more frequent issues.

Procedure For part one questions 1-14 and 19 were tabulated for total responses of any kind, this number as a percentage of the number of returned questionnaires, the total number in each response category, and these figures as a percentage of the number who answered the particular question. Many people listed more than one subject in reply to question 18. The most common preferences were listed and a count made of the times each was mentioned. Although not one person—one answer in nature clearly the most popular interests—among those completing and returning the questionnaire—would ultimately be mentioned the greatest number of times. Similar procedures were used for part two. Questions 8,11b, and 15 were handled like question 18, part one, described above.

Results Following:

17 The Ohio Archaeologist About Total More Fewer Right Answered 1. Site reports by amateurs. 103/39.92% 16/ 6.20% 139/53.87% 258/97.35% 2. Site reports by professionals. 72/28.34% 34/13.38% 148/58.26% 254/95.84% 4. Pictures, fine artifacts. 116/44.27% 21/ 8.01% 125/47.70% 262/98.86% 5. Pictures, general collections. 91/34.86% 44/16.85% 126/48.27% 261/98.49% 7. Reviews, archaeo. reports and books. 99/38.67% 22/ 8.59% 135/52.73% 256/96.60% 8. Prof, articles other than site reports. 94/37.45% 41/16.33% 116/46.21% 251/94.71% 11. Articles on fakes. 137/55.46% 21/ 8.50% 89/36.03% 247/93.20% Yes No 13. Favor inclusion of summary of Board minutes? 107/42.97% 142/57.02% 249/93.96% 14. Do you think Ohio Archaeologist is 'Sometimes too technical? 23/ 8.91% 223/86.43% 258/97.35% 12/4.65% 19. Favor including adjacent states? 11 5/46.37% 133/53.62% 248/93.58% 18. Is there a phase of archaeology or culture you would like to see emphasized? Subject Number of times Mentioned a. Paleo-Plano 33 b. Archaic 20 c. Adena 17 d. Hopewell 15 e. Ft. Ancient 10 f. Historic Indians 9 g. Day-to-day life 8 h. Glacial Kame 8 i. Pottery 5 j. Woodland 4 k. Detailed site reports 4 I. excavation and documenting 4 m. Flint identification 4 n. Point type identification 3 o. Experimental archaeology 2 *Although not given as a response to one particular question 14 people wrote, in various parts of the questionnaire, that they would like to see either larger or more frequent issues of the magazine. Several added that they would not object to a price increase to help accomplish this. Two people suggested having a question and answer column. 'Articles by Robert N. Converse were most often cited as especially interesting or as having made an impression on the reader.

The Society and its Meetings Same Total More Fewer Number Answered 1. Does Society have too many meetings? 41/23.29% 2/ 1.13% 133/75.56% 176/66.41% Total Too Many Not Enough About Right Answered 4. Meeting display awards. Do you think there are: 29/17.26% 18/10.71% 121/72.02% 168/63.39% Total Yes No Answered 2b. Should picnic meetings be more centrally located? 88/57.14% 66/42.85% 154/58.11% 5. Do too many awards detract from their value? 60/36.80% 103/63.19% 163/61.50% 6. Do you think displays are well judged? 119/85.61% 20/14.38% 139/52.45% 9. Would you prefer more programs by Society members and amateurs rather than professional 157/89.20% archaeologists? 74/47.13% 83/52.86% 11.1s there any area in which you feel Society meetings 101/57.38% are weak? 32/31.68% 69/68.31% 14a. Do you think the business portion of the meeting(s) should be shortened? 55/43.30% 72/56.69% 127/72.15% b. Or dispensed with? 10/ 8.54% 107/91.45% 117/66.47%

18 8. Is there a particular type program you would like to have at general meetings? a. Identification of fakes—8 b. Excavation techniques and site interpretation—5 c. A series of speakers on one main theme—3 d. Pipes-3 e. Pottery-2 f. Color slides of flint types (deposits) —2 g. How to surface hunt—2 h. Flint flaking techniques (knapping?)—2 i. Introduction to common terminology—2 11 b. What would you do to change the Society's meetings? 1) Have professionals available to answer beginners' questions—5 2) Remove fake artifacts being offered for sale—4 3) Reduce the number of dealers at ASO meetings—4 4) Hold more mini-sessions—3 5) Eliminate artifact sales—2 6) Eliminate noise during business meeting and speaker's talk—2 7) Provide more guidance for exhibitors—2 8) More structure to meetings—2 9) More technical data—2 10) More emphasis on personal finds—2 15. What would you do to make our meetings more interesting? a. Knowledgable people more willing to answer questions—4 b. Professional teaching and advice more available—3 c. More detail and explanation of surface finds—3 d. Point out fakes and remove them—3 e. Show films more often —3 f. More mini-sessions—2 g. Hold a mini-auction—2 h. Bring back the raffle—2 i. A short talk by award winners—2 j. A shorter time allotted to the main speaker—2 k. More educational displays—2 •Presentations by Martha P. Otto were most often cited as especially interesting or as having made an impression on the listener. The complete list of suggestions for program topics and of ideas to enhance the diversity of overall meetings agendas has been forwarded to ASO President Mike Kish and program committee chairman Martha Otto. Finally, it should be mentioned that participation was as impressive in terms of geographic range as it was in number of actual respondents. We heard from members residing in the Carolinas, New York City, and as far west as Arizona, to name just several locales. Clearly, the "Ohio Archaeologist" is, effectively, the entire society to people so far from our general meetings and summer picnic meetings. We are proud that they support the ASO with their subscriptions. We thank everyone, out-of-state residents and Ohioans, who helped in this project.

19 A Bird Effigy Pipe From the Philo II Site By Larry Edmister St. Louisville, Ohio

Continuing excavations at the Philo II Although most Fort Ancient pipe speci­ The maximum exterior diameter is 3.5 Site in Muskingum County have pro­ mens are simplistic in design and ap­ cm.; with the exterior bowl diameter at duced the fine bird effigy pipe shown parently were crafted with an eye on the lip being 2.8 cm. The interior bowl in the accompanying photographs. The practicality and extended use, this pipe diameter is 1.7 cm. The interior diameter pipe was an isolated find in one of over while highly stilized is well crafted with of the stem aperature is 1.3 cm. 200 refuse pits excavated at this site. equally balanced and proportioned fea­ This is the first effigy pipe from the Philo tures. With the exception of the beak, all other features are either incised or II Site, although four effigy pipes have References drilled. been found on the closely related and Carskadden, Jeff and James Morton nearby Richards Site. Radio carbon The pipe is made from a yellowish 1977 The Richards Site and Philo Phase dates indicate that the Philo II was oc­ limestone. The upper portion from the of Fort Ancient Tradition. cupied around AD. 1230-A.D. 1260 and stem aperture to the top is reddened, Occasional Papers in Muskingum the neighboring Richards Site possibly possibly caused by heat in the bowl from Valley Archaeology No 1-9 Musk­ one generation, 15 to 20 years later. usage. The height from the lip of the ingum Valley Archaeological Sur­ (Carskadden and Morton —1977). bowl to the bottom of the tail is 7.1 cm. vey, Zanesville, Ohio.

20 An Unfinished Tubular Pipe By David W. Kuhn Portsmouth, Ohio

Nearly everyone is familiar with the from the Feurt quarries. It is made of smoothly finished and only partial pol­ Feurt Hill pipestone deposits. This stone the classic red-orange stone typical of ishing is present although in all other was used for a great many smoking pipes this Scioto County deposit. respects the pipe is complete. by prehistoric Indians from the Archaic The pipe is eight inches long and the This type pipe has been associated through the Fort Ancient periods. In the bowl is one inch in diameter. The stem with late Archaic, Glacial Kame and spring of 1983, I found this nearly fin­ hole is approximately one quarter inch Adena. ished tubular pipe less than one mile in diameter. The outer surface is not

21 Report on the Knight Hollow Rockshelter By Gary Felumlee Zanesville, Ohio

Introduction square within the shelter. It was adjacent Ground Stone Tools Throughout the hinterlands of south­ to a large Pin Oak tree at the southern With the exception of hammerstones eastern Ohio occur numerous rock- extreme of the shelter, and protected of local sandstone, ground stone tools shelters in local sandstones. Many of by the tree's root system from the earlier are not common. The list of specimens them show evidence of human occupa­ excavators. At a depth of one foot six includes: three quartzite and two granitic tion. The Knight Hollow Rockshelter is inches below the floor of the shelter, hammerstones from glacial gravels, two such a shelter, located on the east side the only feature was discovered. This concretion cups, one broken concre­ of Kent Run, section one, in the north­ feature consisted of a three-fourths tion dish-shaped object, one broken west corner of Newton Township, Musk­ complete fire hearth, loosly lined with hematite plummet, one concretion bead, ingum County, Ohio. rocks, with a diameter of two feet. Di­ one chunk of limonite (yellow ochre), I first visited the site in 1973, finding rectly west, adjacent to, and at the same one piece of faceted hematite, and one it in a disturbed state. Flint chips, bone level, was a base of a large Hopewell small broken fragment of a granitic ax fragments, and an occasional sherd of point. A quantity of charcoal was recov­ or celt. Samples of this assemblage are pottery were found scattered over the ered, but the absence of any diagnostic illustrated in Figure 9-10. A hexagonal embankment at the mouth of the shelter. artifacts within the feature itself, and undrilled sandstone disc with smoothed A sifting screen was discovered within the fact that a portion of the hearth had edges, measuring 1% inches in diameter the confines of the shelter itself. Test been disturbed by the previous excava­ is also included in this assemblage. excavations within the shelter, because tion, has discouraged any attempt to of this previous disturbance, proved radiocarbon date the feature. Bone and Shell void of cultural material. Testing at the Though bone and shell refuse was not base of the embankment, however, saved by the first excavators, over 1000 proved of interest. Chipped Stone Tools bone fragments and numerous deterio­ The Knight Hollow Rockshelter pro­ After this initial testing at the site I was rating shell fragments were collected duced forty-seven complete or frag­ during my excavations at the shelter. informed that the shelter had been dug mentary projectile points. These are nine years before (in 1964) by three Vertebrate species identified among the classified as to type (according to Con­ cracked and fragmentary bones include local amateurs. I learned that the col­ verse, 1973) and raw material in Table 1 lection from the shelter was still intact white tailed deer, beaver, opossum, below. Figures 3 through 8 illustrate short-faced Indian dog, gray fox, skunk, and it was examined and photographed. these points. Occupation of the shelter This study represents an analysis of all gray squirrel, woodchuck, muskrat, ranging from Archaic through Fort An­ rabbit, wild turkey, box turtle, and snap­ material recovered from the Knight cient is indicated by these artifacts. Hollow shelter. ping turtle. In excess of 90% of this bone Other than projectile points, chipped refuse appeared to be deer. stone tools are not in great abundance Shell material, excluding indigenous Description and Excavation in the Knight Hollow shelter collection. The Knight Hollow Rockshelter is a snails, consisted of fresh-water, small Diagnostic artifacts include one Intru­ stream, mussel shells. Amblema castata spacious room-like structure with a sive Mound Phase drill, six Hopewell ceiling averaging six feet two inches and Ellipto dilatatus were the only speci­ parallel-sided bladelets, one Hopewell mens identified. None of the shell ma­ above the present floor. It is 38 feet in blade core, three Chesser square-based length and 14 feet deep at its greatest terial showed any modification by man bifacial knives (Prufer, 1967), and two for use as tools. depth. The ceiling is six feet in height Intrusive Mound Phase preforms. In ad­ to within three feet six inches of the dition, three retouched flint flakes, pos­ The bone tool industry is meager but back wall. sibly used as perforators, one 4%" by several specimens of interest are noted. In 1973, three four-by-four-foot squares 6" hide scraper, five small scrapers, four Three bone beads and one beadstock were excavated by this author within uniface blades, and six crude cores fragment were recovered. Three splinter the shelter. Because of the previous complete the chipped stone tally. bone awls, two bone chisels, two antler disturbances they were found to con­ projectile points, one bone "spoon-like" tain no cultural debris. The base of the tool (gouge) and three use-modified or embankment below the shelter was also Flint Sources "expedient tools" fashioned from split investigated. Twelve five-by-five-foot Two distinct materials were utilized by long bone fragments (Prufer, 1981), squares were used in conjunction with the inhabitants at the shelter for their complete the bone industry from the six-inch depth intervals. As in the shel­ flint tools and projectile points. These site (see Figure 11). ter, no stratigraphy was found. However, are Upper Mercer flint and Flint Ridge this area did produce an assortment of (Vanport) flint. The chippage sample Ceramics material, to a depth of 36 inches, where collected during my excavations con­ The ceramics present at the Knight bedrock was encountered. More than tained 2227 specimens of which 51.8% Hollow Rockshelter are a very important 100 flint chips, 77 bone fragments and is Upper Mercer and 46.4% is Vanport. part of the artifact assemblage. Table 1 24 pot sherds were found in the first The presence of large pieces of raw ma­ lists the number of vessels assigned to square alone. Two foil gum wrappers re­ terial at the shelter would suggest the each pottery type. They represent a covered confirmed that the base of the proximity of the site to the flint sources. progression from Adena to Fort Ancient. embankment was a spoil pile from the Figure 1 (adapted from Morton and Car­ Figures 12-15 illustrate the pottery previous dig. skadden, 1972) shows the location of types present at the site. Salvage operations continued through these flint deposits in relation to the Adena Plain — Adena Plain is the the remainder of 1973 and into 1974. shelter: Flint Ridge lies seven to eight earliest type of pottery present at the Numerous point types, bone fragments miles upstream from the shelter while shelter. Six grit tempered rims, one and pot sherds were uncovered. In 1975, Perry County Upper Mercer deposits lie base, and fifty body sherds were re­ I excavated a final four-by-four-foot about an equal distance to the south. covered. A minimum of four vessels are

22 represented in the sample. This Late cordmarked and grit tempered with no Late Woodland and early Fort Ancient Adena pottery type has been radiocar­ collaring. Surface treatment of the 608 times. The fact that ceramics were so bon dated between 400-200 B.C. at body sherds can be broken down into abundant suggests that the shelter several nearby Adena sites, including three categories: 35.5% are cordmarked, served for more than just a stop-over the Buckmeyer site three miles to the 38.3% show some smoothing, and 26.1% for male hunting parties. It may have southwest in northern Perry County appear mostly smoothed. been seasonally occupied by small (Bush, 1975), and at an Adena house These cordmarked, collared, castel­ family groups. site along the Muskingum River near lated vessels from Knight Hollow are The Knight Hollow Rockshelter served Philo (Carskadden, 1982). quite similar to the ceramics recovered as a shelter from the elements for the Hopewell 'Simple Stamped—One from the Locust Site, just mentioned, early inhabitants of Muskingum County vessel is present to represent the Hope­ as well as from early 13th century Bald­ and serves as a reminder to us that even well culture at Knight Hollow. This ves­ win Phase Fort Ancient sites along the disturbed sites can produce materials sel is grit tempered with an outward Hocking River (Murphy and Graham, of importance in our quest for knowl­ flaring rim and with stamped, overlap­ 1982), and especially 12th and early edge of the prehistoric inhabitants of ping impressions on its body. One rim 13th century Cole pottery from central Ohio. It is the author's hope that this and three body sherds were collected Ohio (Potter, 1966). report will add to the archaeological in 1964. No additional sherds were Untyped Carinated Vessel—One ves­ record of the Muskingum Valley and found in the later excavation. The ves­ sel of this type is represented at the southeastern Ohio and encourage sel represented at Knight Hollow may site by two smoothed-over-cordmarked, others to reconsider sites that in the have been carried in by Hopewell peo­ grit tempered body sherds from the past have been ignored, due to previous ple from the Scioto Valley, possibly on carinated portion of the bowl. Each disruption. a flint collecting excursion since this shows a row of reed punctates on the References pottery type has not been noted by Car­ carination. A similar vessel was noted Brown, Jeffrey D. skadden (pers. comm.) or the author at from the Philo II site (Gartley, et al, 1982 Archaeological Reconnaissance of Hopewell sites along the Muskingum or 1976) and more recently at the Richards Corps of Engineers Dams in the Licking rivers. At these sites McGraw site (Carskadden, pers. comm.). These Muskingum River Basin. Report for Cordmarked is the only pottery type Fort Ancient sites have been radiocar­ Huntington District Corps of Engi­ recovered. bon dated between A.D. 1230 and A.D. neers. Contract DACW69-82-C- 0006. Untyped Limestone Tempered Ware 1290. Bush, Deborah E. —Three cordmarked limestone temp­ Fort Ancient Philo Punctate—Philo 1975 A Ceramic Analysis of the Late ered body sherds and two plain rims Punctate pottery from the shelter was Adena Buckmeyer Site, Perry were recovered from the shelter. Two originally discussed by Foraker (1974), County, Ohio. Michigan Archaeolo­ vessels are represented and likely though a larger sample is now available gist 21:9-23. represent a Hopewell or Late Woodland for study. Fifty-eight smooth-surfaced Carskadden, Jeff occupation at the site. shell tempered body sherds were found 1982 An Adena Steatite Gorget. Ohio Ar­ Peters Cordmarked—Two non-col­ at the shelter, two of which were deco­ chaeologist 32(1):4-5). lared, grit tempered, cordmarked rims rated with punctates. Two smooth-sur­ Converse, Robert N. representing two vessels were present 1973 Ohio Flint Types. The Archaeologi­ faced shell tempered rims, both deco­ cal Society of Ohio. at the site. One exhibited cordmarking rated with punctates, were also found. Foraker, Linda to the lip (but not on the lip itself) while This pottery is probably associated with 1974 A Fort Ancient Rock Shelter Oc­ the other sherd showed some smoothing most of the triangular projectile points cupation. Ohio Archaeologist 24 just below the lip. These closely resem­ from the shelter, and indicates that Fort (3):22. ble the early Late Woodland Peters Ancient peoples were coming up the Gartley. Richard, Jeff Carskadden, and Cordmarked ceramic type (Prufer, vari­ Jonathan Creek drainage from their vil­ James Morton ous dates). This type probably dates be­ lages along the Muskingum during the 1976 'Ceramics from the Philo II Site. tween A.D. 600 to A.D. 850 in the Musk­ mid-13th century. Pennsylvania Archaeologist 46(1- ingum Valley. The six Chesser points 2):55-75. from the shelter are probably associated Morton, James and Jeff Carskadden Summary 1972 Aboriginal Flint Quarrying Activi­ with this pottery. The significance of the Knight Hollow ties in the Muskingum County Area. Cole/Baldwin Related Pottery—The Rockshelter lies in its location. Kent Ohio Archaeologist 22(2): 15-21. majority of the pottery occuring at the Run drains much of the region south Murphy, James L. and Gary Graham Knight Hollow Rockshelter appears to and east of Flint Ridge, and not only 1982 The Blue Valley Site: A Baum Fort fall in this category. Thirty-four rim is the shelter located mid-way between Ancient Component near Lancas­ sherds and numerous body sherds were the Ridge and the equally important ter, Ohio. Ohio Archaeologist 32(3): collected. All are grit tempered with Perry County Upper Mercer deposits, 26-29. Potter, Martha A. cordmarking or smoothed-over-cord- but also the site is strategically situated 1966 Cole Ceramics: A Study of Late marking. The cord used to make the mid-way between these two flint de­ Woodland Pottery. Unpublished impressions exhibits an "S" twist and is posits and the Muskingum River. Major MA. Thesis, Ohio State University, two ply. A minimum of seven vessels is village sites of all the cultures repre­ Columbus. noted. Five of these vessels (32 rim sented at the shelter have been noted Prufer, Olaf H. sherds) have cordmarked collared rims, along the Muskingum. The shelter would 1967 Chesser Cave, a Late Woodland some with castellations (apparently four have been a convenient and likely stop Phase in Southeastern Ohio. Stud­ per vessel). One cordmarked collared over point for prehistoric travelers from ies in Ohio Archaeology, edited by vessel exhibits punctates decorating Archaic through Fort Ancient times on Olaf H. Prufer and Douglas McKen- zie. The Press of Western Reserve the castellation, as does a specimen their way to the flint quarries. University, Cleveland. from the recently excavated Locust Site The relative abundance of Cole/Bald­ 1981 Raven Rocks, a Specialized Late along the Licking River, radiocarbon win collared ware at the site, cor espond- Woodland Rockshelter Occupation dated to A.D. 1240 (Brown, 1982). The ing with the numbers of triangul ir points in Belmont County, Ohio. Kenf final vessel falling within this time period and Late Woodland Raccoon f otched Sfafe Research Papers in Archae­ -of about A.D. 1100 to A.D. 1250- points would suggest that the most in­ ology, Kent State University Press, exhibits deep notching of the lip and is tense occupation occurred in very late Kent. Ohio.

23 TABLE 1 (Felumlee) Raw Material Type Upper Flint Brush Total No. of Mercer Ridge Creek Specimens Fort Ancient Triangles 12 — — 12 Intrusive Mound Phase 5 — — 5 Chesser Points 3 3 — 6 Hopewell Points 1 3 — 4 Adena Points — 3 — 3 Ashtabula Points 2 — — 2 Late Archaic Stemmed 5 — — 5 Shriver/Gilbert 7 — 7 Brewerton Fishspear — — 1 1 Archaic Corner Notched 1 — — 1 St. Albans Point — 1 — 1 47 Table 1 (Felumlee) Tabulation of projectile points from the Knight Hollow shelter by type and raw material.

Type No. of Vessels Muskingum Philo Punctate 2 County Untyped Carinated 1 Cole/Baldwin Collared 7 Peters Cordmarked 2 Untyped Limestone Tempered 2 Hopewell Simple Stamped 1 Adena Plain 4 Table 2 (Felumlee) Pottery types from the Knight Hollow shelter.

Upper Mercer ^ Upper ^Mercer or Boggs

Upper Mercer Five Miles

Fig. 1 (Felumlee) Sketch map of portions of southwestern Muskingum, eastern Licking, northeastern Perry, and northwestern Morgan counties showing the location of the Knight Hollow Rockshelter (X) in relation to the Muskingum River and flint outcrops.

N 1 r' " > l Spoil Pile 1 v 1 ^ r \s, &§

Fig. 2 (Felumlee) Floor plan and profile of Knight Hollow Rockshelter Fig. 3 (Felumlee) Triangular points from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter.

24 Fig. 4 (Felumlee) Intrusive Mound Phase artifacts from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter: top row. progressing from left to right. Jack's Reef Corner Notched points to Raccoon Notched points: bottom row, blanks for the above point types and a drill.

Fig. 5 (Felumlee) Chesser points from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter.

Fig. 6 (Felumlee) Hopewell artifacts from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter. including parallel- sided bladelets. blade core, and projectile points.

25 Fig. 7 (Felumlee) Adena point. Late Archaic stemmed points, and Ashtabula points from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter.

Fig. 8 (Felumlee) Archaic points from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter. including top row. six Shriver/Gilbert points, and bottom row, St. Albans point. Archaic corner notched point, and Brewcrton Fishspear point.

Fig. 9 (Felumlee) Large hide scraper and two large crude core chunks from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter.

26 Fig. 10 (Felumlee) Ground stone artifacts from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter: top row. concretion cup. cylindrical-shaped lump of yellow ochre, and granitic hammerstone: bottom row. concretion "paint cup", concretion bead, and hematite plummet.

Fig. 11 (Felumlee) Bone and antler artifacts from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter. including top row. antler tine points, bone beads and beadstock: bottqm row. splinter bone awls, bone "chisels", and three "use modified" bone tools.

Fig. 12 (Felumlee) Adena Plain rims and an incised flat base from an Adena Plain pot. from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter. Fig. 13 (Felumlee) Hopewell Simple Stamped rim sherd from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter.

Fig. 14 (Felumlee) Rim sherds from a colored, castellated Cole/Baldwin related vessel from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter.

Fig. IS (Felumlee) Additional Cole/Baldwin related rim sherds and (bottom row, far right) two Philo Punctate rims, from the Knight Hollow Rockshelter.

28 Chips Off The Same Block By John R. Heath Box #82, Sullivan, Ohio 44880

The two knives pictured (Fig. 1) were on a high ridge. The larger knife clearly The material goes from grey to purple surface finds by the author. They were shows where the smaller knife was frac­ to a cherty brown on the extreme top found in Sullivan Twp., Ashland Co., tured from it. Both pieces were percus­ end. It probably is of glacial origin. Ohio. The large piece (N-10) was found sion and pressure flaked after separa­ Knife (N-10) is 4 in. long—V/2 in. wide on a small campsite close to Black River, tion. -% in. thick. Knife (R-25) is 3% in. long and the smaller piece (R-25) was found Quite often in a cache of blades match­ — 15/ie in. wide—% in. thick. about two miles north east of the river ing pieces will be found, but rarely in surface finds.

•'! :NG Fig. 1 (Heath) Two knives made from the same block of flint.

29 The Sycamore Run Chapter Field Survey By Chapter Members

The Sycamore Run Chapter was is found, placing a flag in the ground to Each bag is given a slip of paper which formed in the fall of 1982 through the mark the exact location. After the entire locates the square, where the bag came leadership of our president, Paul Ford. area has been covered and flagged, a from, tells the date, and who collected The group became an official part of very accurate map can be drawn on the artifacts. Once all the squares are the Archaeological Society of Ohio at graph paper by pacing the distances the collected, the material is then taken from the March, 1983, meeting, with the flags are from each other, and pacing the field to be washed and catalogued, awarding of our charter, to Paul. the distances from the flags to the edge by giving them a number that corre­ After becoming part of the state or­ of the field. By using the methods of sponds to its location on the grid map. ganization we were approached by Mike pacing for estimating distances, you Using this numbering system an ex­ Kish, President of the A.S.O., and asked have a good beginning to be able to tremely accurate map can be drawn if we would be interested in presenting draw the map to scale. Also the map showing relationships of the artifacts, a mini-seminar at the annual meeting is fairly accurate in showing the location concentrations of flint debris and many to be held in May of this year. Realizing of the artifacts in relation to each other. other interesting things. that a chapter project would help pull Because of the intense, concentra­ Over a period of several weeks all the our group together and give our mem­ tion of artifacts that were found, we de­ artifacts that were found in the survey bers an opportunity to learn first hand cided to do just a portion of the site were washed, numbered and catalogued. about archaeology, the group accepted in a grid survey. The grid survey con­ The artifacts that were collected were Mike's offer. We decided that surface sists of setting up a base line with sec­ made mostly of Vanport (Flint Ridge) survey would be the topic of our seminar. tions marked set distances apart. (We Flint. While most of the artifacts were Once our topic was selected, we used two meters but other distances predominately Middle Woodland, a few needed a site to survey. Several meet­ could be used as well.) The chains or were Archaic and Adena. ings were held at the local coffee shop ropes are then laid perpendicular to the Material broken down by survey's: and there it was decided that a site dis­ base line to form the grid. Once the Fa-185 extra survey, Fa-186—walk covered by one of our members, Howard squares are formed a map is drawn of through survey and flag survey, and West, would be the site used. The site the grid and everything in each square Fa-187 —grid survey. would be named the Sycamore Run is collected and placed in a plastic bag. Chapter Site. The Sycamore Run Chapter Site is located in Fairfield County a few miles from Buckeye Lake (along Walnut Creek). It was chosen because the arti­ Fa-185 Fa-186 Fa-187 Total facts that were previously found by points Corner Notched Howard, pointed to a strong Middle Middle Woodland 1 1 Woodland occupation. Side Notched 1 1 The group arrived at the site on April Archaic 1 1 9, 1983, and prepared to use three Adena Stem 1 2 3 basic surface survey methods; the walk Middle Woodland 4 2 6 through survey, the flag survey, and the Middle Woodland broken 14 21 35 grid survey. Unfortunately that day Arch-Lake Erie 1 1 greeted us with extremely cold, and 1 1 3 very wet weather. But that did not ham­ Hafted Scraper 1 per the group's enthusiasm, as we started drills Classic Woodland 1 3 4 the survey by using the simplest tech­ 4 14 18 nique called a walk through survey. Cores A walk through survey is very similar End Scraper 3 1 1 5 to surface hunting in an open field; you Bladelets 8 8 14 30 walk through the field (hence the name) Bladelets broken 5 25 231 261 looking for artifacts. The difference be­ tween this survey and ordinary surface B if aces 3 12 16 hunting is: one member of the group Bifaces broken 20 23 24 67 carries a piece of graph paper with a Rim Sherd 2 1 3 basic sketch of the area drawn on it and pottery Body Sherd 14* 32* 46 each time an artifact is found, the esti­ Cord Marked 9* 19* 28 mated area is located and marked on the Grid Temp. 14* 32* 46 graph paper. This way you have a written record of where artifacts have come Gorget broken 2 2 from in relation to each other in that Gorget unfinished 1 1 particular field. As our group went Hemitite 1 1 1 3 through this technique we found we had much more information than could be *denotes some of the same artifacts handled easily on this type of map. We decided this would be a good place to The total tools collected were 500, also about 1,000 flakes and raw material do a more detailed survey. The next sur­ pieces were found. From the material found in our surface survey we established vey we did was the flag survey. this site as being basicaly Middle Woodland and extremely interesting. A flag survey consists of walking through the field and when an artifact

30 •Bti .^Br »

H>

•. m/' 1

^

MAP OF THE STRAIT SITE- Scale I " = 50'. Contour Interval Equals 10 Feet.

^ ... . - |

BH' Fig. 1 (Sycamore Run Chapter) Artifacts gathered from the surface of the Strait site. 1 iC^^HBi

.

i » "

Fig. 3 (Sycamore Run Chapter) Discoverer of the site. Howard West making field notes.

Fig. 4 (Sycamore Run Chapter) Chapter members doing field survey. Fig. 5 (Sycamore Run Chapter) Each member was assigned a 2 meter square.

31 A Crawford County Engraved Trapezoidal Pendant By Phillip R. Shriver Miami University

Trapezoidal pendants have been de­ end. Its single perforation has been parallel incisions, one side only, ap­ scribed by Robert N. Converse as "the drilled nearly evenly from both sides pearing almost as feathering on a quill. most numerous of any of the pendant and is less than an inch from the top On the reverse face (Fig. 2), curiously, forms." (1978: 82) He has also observed of the piece. Thin and well made, it is appear no markings about the perfora­ that "engraving is found on some types unusually symmetrical in outline,. Evi­ tion, though two long vertical lines inter­ of slate artifacts more frequently than dencing some wear from long use, it has sect comparable rows of parallel inci­ on others; most of it seems to be on minor damage in the form of nicks at sions, again suggesting feathering on trapezoidal or square pendants and on the center top and lower right-hand a quill, as on the other face. Most inter­ rectangular two-hole gorgets... ."(1978: corner on the obverse face (see Fig. 1) esting of all, on the reverse face are 104) Pictured here is a heavily engraved and in the upper right-hand corner on three long zig-zag lines in parallel from trapezoidal pendant found in Crawford the reverse face (see Fig. 2). one side of the pendant to the other, County, Ohio. Originally part of the What makes this piece particularly the three together possibly suggesting Charles Cherry Collection, it was ac­ interesting is the extensive engraving a bird in flight. quired by the author in January 1955. on both faces. Indeed, it is one of the Engraved trapezoidal pendants found Shaped from dark greenish-black most extensively prehistoric objects in northern Ohio are probably of Adena banded slate, it measures 3V8 inches this writer has seen. From the perfora­ or Hopewell cultural origin. There is no long by 1 \\ inches wide at its greatest tion on the obverse face (Fig. 1) radiate reason to believe otherwise of this one. 13 extremities. Its narrow top is /ie inches 34 short lines of nearly equal length. References wide while its base is 1 % inches in width. Four short and six long verticle lines 5 Converse, Robert N. At mid-section it is /ie inches thick; it and one short horizontal line across the 1978 Ohio Slate Types. Archaeological tapers to Va inches in thickness at either top on that same face intersect rows of Society of Ohio. Columbus.

Fig. 1 (Shriver) Crawford County engraved trapezoidal pendant of Fig. 2 (Shriver) Reverse face of the same pendant. banded slate.

32 A Quartzite Fluted Point By Jim Hovan 16979 S. Meadows Circle, Strongsville, Ohio

The fluted point shown in obverse and Ohio, around eighty years ago. It is type. The use of this difficult stone reverse in Fig. 1 was found at Leetonia, made of yellow quartzite, a material shows the complete mastery of chipping Salem Township, Columbiana County, found in very few Ohio points of any by the Paleo Indian flint knapper.

Fig. 1 (Hovan) Obverse and reverse of a quartzite fluted point from Columbiana County. Ohio. Actual size.

33 Suggestions For Exhibiting Site Displays By Thomas C. Grubb Mt. Vernon, Ohio

Winning the "Best of Show," "Best is the sine qua non in displaying arti­ available as well as an unlimited supply Type Display" or "Best Field Collection" facts! of black Upper Mercer flint several hun­ award is a goal sought by many ASO Photographs of the site are essential dred yards away. Since only Piano-Com­ members at each meeting. In reality, it and should clearly show where it was plex and Archaic points were found, may only represent a reward for good excavated and/or surface collected. the site was apparently not occupied by luck in the field or spending enough Black and white photographs must be Indians in subsequent years. Approxi­ money to buy rare or beautiful Indian sharp, properly exposed and printed mately 25% of the debitage consisted artifacts. Contrariwise, the award for with a full scale of contrast. While color of very small, thin flakes 1-3 mm. long "Best Site Display" usually represents photographs are often striking, black Very few large flakes or hammerstones considerable effort in the field, some and white prints may show greater de­ were found suggesting that most of the knowledge of Ohio archaeology, a little tail. Pictures should not be smaller than work here consisted of pressure flaking intellectual effort in organizing the dis­ 5x7 inches and neatly mounted with with bone tools. "Fire cracked" rocks play plus some artistic ability to prepare explanatory data typed immediately were abundant but almost never showed an award-winning exhibit. Unfortunately above or below. When some special or any evidence of being in direct contact most of the site exhibits that I have seen unusual method of locating or survey­ with fire which might indicate that they during the past eight years were unsatis­ ing the site is used, an adequate amount were used as "boiling stones" in some factory by failing to be logically organ­ of space should be devoted to this fea­ way. The so-called fishspear point was ized, poorly presented to the extent of ture. For example, in the Grubb site 4-5 times more abundant than the other being sloppy and lacking important in­ shown in Fig. 2e, a grid plot of the exact point types but since most of the points formation about the site. Recently I ex­ location where the artifacts were found were surface finds there is no way of hibited two site displays which received was given a major portion of the space. knowing whether the fishspear point- a first and second place award as well Probably the most interesting section makers lived here in large numbers or as many complimentary comments from of a site display for most ASO members smaller groups visited more often than the members. Assuming that this suc­ is the artifacts for which I would make Indians making other point types. There cess gives me some authority for offer­ several suggestions. Don't try to include is, of course, another possibility that the ing ideas to members seeking award- all of the artifacts found but show only same Indians who made the fishspears winning site displays, I am submitting one or two of the most perfect or un­ also made the Brewerton, Vosburg or the following suggestions. usual of each type. If it is necessary to other Archaic points for different pur­ include a broken point, indicate what poses. (The origins and chronological A satisfactory site display should fol­ sequence of the Archaic Indians in Ohio low the classical recommendations for the complete point looked like by add­ ing dotted lines (Fig. 1e). Organize the are poorly documented). An appreciable writing a good newspaper report number of large uniface blades were tell who, what, where and when about arrangement of the artifacts in some logical manner, usually a chronological picked up which could mean that the the event. The "what" and "where" are inhabitants were engaged in skinning clearly established by stating the name order is the most informative, as shown in Fig. 1 e and Fig. 2f. Attachment of the animals such as the white tailed deer, and location of the site in the title of fox, racoon etc. Not only did the Indians the display. (A specific site number artifacts to the display board may be done in several ways. I attached the pro­ find the McDonald site an ideal place should be given if it is known, e.g. to live but so did an early Ohio pioneer 33B116). If possible, a portion of a jectile points with Duco cement; how­ ever, heavy celts, axes etc. may require because he built his cabin here leaving county or township map should be shown behind an 1827 copper U.S. penny, the with an arrow pointing to the exact lo­ a more substantial support. Enclosing each artifact, photograph etc. in a line stem of an English clay pipe (ca. 1850) cation of the site. In my displays this and many fragments of English china. was feasible because the sites were frame vastly improves the impact of the located on private property adjacent to display on the viewer's eye. the owner's house where trespassers One of the ASO requirements for site THE GRUBB SITE could be easily seen. However, where displays is an accompanying write-up The Grubb site is located near a the site is readily accessible to vandals of the display for the judges to examine small branch of the Big Walnut creek or pothunters it may be advisable to while viewing the exhibit. This should and what appears to have been a very show only the general location. be typewritten, preferably with photo­ large walnut grove. The area has been Some general suggestions for a good graphs, and include a detailed explana­ cultivated for over 100 years with arti­ display are the following: Mount all tion of how the artifacts were found, the fact collectors scouring the fields for photographs, artifacts, maps etc. on a number and identification of each type the last 75. It is therefore surprising that large (3x4 feet) white cardboard backed of projectile point or sherd and any so many artifacts have been found by by a piece of half-inch plywood or peg- other information which will contribute the present owners during the past eight board. Starting with the site location, to knowledge of the prehistoric use of years. Since most of the artifacts shown arrange the maps, photos and artifacts the site. The following is a brief sum­ in the site display were surface finds in a logical manner reading from left mary of the conclusions I was able to no attempt can be made to determine to right. An appropriate caption typed draw from the location and artifacts their provenience. The grid plot of the in capital letters should be fastened just found at the two sites. site was established to show the loca­ above or below each object or picture. tion, by the number and letter of the Be certain that all lettering is neatly THE MCDONALD SITE coordinates, where the artifacts were done or use press-on letters obtainable The McDonald site is located on a found. The color-coded dots indicating at stationary stores, as I did. Try to place high terrace above a small branch of the various Indian cultures that had left the photos, artifacts etc. in a generally the Kokosing river which was consider­ identifiable artifacts makes it possible symmetrical arrangement since most ably larger several thousand years ago. to conclude that in this multicomponent collectors seem to feel that symmetry Obviously fish and shellfish were readily site the various cultures did not locate

34 in specific areas. Also since it is known fully taken to avoid contamination, to submit a sample for an assay. The that artifacts have been picked up here placed in a clean glass jar with a screw- charcoal should have been thoroughly for so many years it is impossible to esti­ on lid and tightly bound with plastic tape dried before it was sealed in the jar. mate the relative number of people in around the edge of the lid. However, Many professional archaeologists are the different cultures, based upon the when the jar was examined several justifiably antagonistic toward collectors number of different artifacts found by years later, water droplets could be seen because they remove artifacts from the the present owners. The firepit shown deposited on the inside of the glass in­ site which forever destroys any hope of in Fig. 2b was the only "feature" found dicating that moisture had condensed learning as much as possible about its which must have been made by one of after the jar was closed. Since it is prehistoric occupants. However, a good the earliest cultures since it was ap­ known that under such conditions molds site display at least enables us to learn proximately eight inches below the plow and bacteria will grow producing un­ something about the people who lived zone. A sample of charcoal was care- reliable CM dates, no attempt was made there thousands of years ago.

THE MCDONALD SITE Mr VERNDNO

tiJpA'

• 9 * * • 6 t I 1 I 1

Fig. 1 (Grubb) A. Section of Knox county map showing site location. B. Stakes indicating location of site by use of the phosphate test. C. Location of site on terrace above the stream. D. Test excavation showing soil layers above and below plow zone. E. Artifacts arranged in chronological order. F. Stakes marking 5 ft. squares for excavation. C. High school class excavating and screening soil. H. Pile of firecracked rocks indicating only feature located.

i mum SITE UN ClWUt «t»«oro»»tu»««»« UBEID -*!>• I ft * 0 t*CUK t> i * * *

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Fig. 2 (Grubb) A. Section of Morrow county map showing site location. B Fire pit below plow zone. C. Collecting charcoal for CM assay. D. Sample of charcoal for Cl4 assay. E. Grid-plot with color-coded dots indicating location of culturally identified artifacts. F. Artifacts arranged in chronological order.

3 b The "Lost Huron" or "Lost Jesuit" Map Found? David M. Stothers Director, Laboratories of Ethnoarchaeology The University of Toledo

Until recent times, a map which the Ministry of Defense, I was sent a the lettering and style of the Taunton was drafted by Father Paul Rague- reduced copy of the original map drafted Map differed so much from the map neau, S.J., a Jesuit priest who was on an animal skin. The original measures which was definitely drafted by Bourdon. stationed among the Huron Indians 54.8" x 73.5" and the photo-reduced In the meantime, lengthy correspon­ in Canada during the 1630s, was copy measures 29" x 21". dence and research into the Taunton believed to have been lost to the The Taunton Map depicts (with con­ Map, in conjunction with Father Lucien ravages of time. As such, the map siderable accuracy) early New France Campeau, S.J. (the great Jesuit historian (which is described in the Jesuit Re­ from the St. Lawrence estuary east of of New France) had led Father Campeau lation of 1640) has become known Quebec city (Tadoussac), to the eastern and Dr. Heidenreich to the conclusion as the "Lost Huron" or "Lost Jesuit" end of Lake Superior in the west. Terri­ "that the Taunton Map is a sequel of map. tory from north-central Ontario, Quebec the Huron map of Ragueneau which and Labrador extending south to Virginia was remade in Quebec while Ragueneau Late in the year of 1981, the author and New Holland is included. The cen­ was there in 1640-1641 (Pers. Comm. was conducting research into the late tral focus of this map is the Great Lakes Heidenreich to Stothers 28/7/83)."' prehistoric and early historic interac­ — St. Lawrence drainage (except most Once again, in September, 1983,1 wrote tion of various ethnic groups in the cir- of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan, to Dr. Heidenreich suggesting that the cum Lake Erie region. In the course of which were not yet known). Taunton Map may be the original, not correspondence with other scholars Nellis Crouse (1924) has outlined in a sequel version. Although, the Jesuit and colleagues, I was informed of a rare his treatise how the training, dedication Relations indicate that Father Rague­ archival map which might be of help in and thoroughness of the Jesuit mission­ neau was in Quebec during 1640-1641, my research endeavors. aries, in collaboration with native in­ why would he redraft a sequel map on Charles Garrad (a Petun authority formants, made possible very early and an animal hide, rather than on paper living in Toronto, Canada) informed me very accurate descriptions and cartog­ or parchment? Since research on the that Dr. Conrad Heidenreich (Depart­ raphy of New France. map is not complete it is difficult, at this ment of Geography, York University, After studying the Taunton Map, I be­ point in time, to ascertain whether the Toronto) had located an undated map came further convinced that this map map is the original map of Father Rague­ (drawn on an animal skin) in the archives may be the famous "Lost Huron Map" neau (described by Father LeJeune in of the Hydrographic Department of the authored by Father Ragueneau in the 1640) or a sequel map drafted by Father (British) Ministry of Defense, located late 1630s, and described by Father Ragueneau in 1640-1641. in Taunton, Sommerset, England. Ac­ LeJeune in 1640 in the Jesuit Relations. However, regardless of which inter­ companying his letter was enclosed a Internal data built into this map entitled pretation of this map may be correct, xerox section of the map depicting the Nouvelle France" suggests that the this map dates prior to 1642, as deter­ region surrounding the western end of map was drawn prior to 1642, since mined by internal data built into the map Lake Erie; relevant reference and cata­ Montreal was founded in 1642, but is it which is historically well founded and logue information (vis a vis the British not depicted on this map, as in Quebec. understood. As such, the map is of ex­ Ministry of Defense archival section of Information pertaining to the country of treme importance to historians, cartog­ the Hydrographic Department); infor­ the Huron and Neutral is in accord with raphers, ethnohistorians and archaeolo­ mation that Dr. Heidenreich attributed information in the Jesuit Relations per­ gists because it indicates the locations the authorship of this map to Jean Bour­ taining to the late 1630s, and this map of numerous aboriginal tribal groups don; and that Dr. Heidenreich tentatively is considerably more comprehensive which were displaced, or who moved, dated the map to ca. 1646(?) on the basis and accurate than Champlain's map of prior to 1650 as a result of the competi­ of internal information built into the 1632. Furthermore, the close similarities tion and hostilities which ensued as a map. and/or virtual equivalence for the geo­ result of economic avarice brought on Upon scrutinizing the xerox section graphic locations and spelling of various by the early historic fur trade in the New forwarded to me by Charles Garrad, a ethnic group names as depicted on the World (cf. Trigger 1976, Strothers and striking similarity and near equivalence Taunton Map and the 1650 and 1656 Graves 1983). of ethnic group ("tribal") names and maps of Nicholas Sanson further sug­ This map indicates the original loca­ geographic locations relative to the gested that the Taunton Map was, in­ tions of these ethnic tribal Indian groups, Nicholas Sanson maps of 1650 and deed, the "Lost Huron/Jesuit Map," and and as such archaeologists and his­ 1656 was noted. Furthermore, recent that possibly (probably?) it was used by torians can now begin to assign real review of a series of research articles Sanson as a basis for his later 1650, ethnic and tribal labels to some exca­ pertaining to the location of early his­ 1656 and 1657 maps, as suggested by vated archaeological assemblages, toric aboriginal groups in the lower Ives Goddard (1972:123-124, 129). which previously had been assigned Great Lakes region (cf. Goddard 1972: • In June, 1983 I wrote to Dr. Conrad only archaeological labels. Further­ 129, fn. 2; Thwaites 1896-1901 :XVIIt: Heidenreich to suggest that the Taun­ more, now that a connection can be 230-234; Crouse 1924) prompted me to ton Map may be the "Lost Huron/Jesuit made between the original prehistoric become suspicious that the Taunton Map," and to inquire as to why he at­ cultural assemblages (representing Map may be the "Lost Huron/Jesuit tributed its authorship to Jean Bour­ some of these groups), and later assem­ Map" described by Father LeJeune in don, Dr. Heidenreich replied that his blages that were left behind in areas of the Jesuit Relation of 1640, and origi­ original conclusions about the author­ relocation by their historic descendants, nally drawn by Father Paul Ragueneau ship of the map had changed. Based anthropologists and historians will have a short time earlier. As such, I was upon another map, definitely in the a much better basis for understanding prompted to contact the Hydrographic hand of Jean Bourdon, Dr. Heidenreich changes in lifeways and material cul­ Department of the British Ministry of began to doubt that the Taunton Map ture inventories. These changes were Defense. Subsequent to my enquiry to was authored by Jean Bourdon, since brought about very abruptly when

36 European culture first collided with the pertaining to the Taunton Map is the References aboriginal tribal groups of the New fact that the name John Montresor is Crouse, Nellis M World. These changes and disruptions stamped on its reverse side. Although 1924 Contributions of the Canadian were to forever change the home loca­ Father LeJeune stated in the Jesuit Re­ Jesuits to the Geographical Knowl­ tions and lifeways of many tribal groups lation of 1640 that he was forwarding edge of New France: 1632-1675. at the dawn of history. the map compiled by Father Paul Rague­ Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Future archaeological work will also neau to their Father Superior in France, Cornell University. have the advantage of being guided this map apparently (for whatever rea­ Goddard, Ives (especially in areas which have been son?) never was sent from Quebec to 1972 Historical and philalogical evidence totally unexplored or very minimally France. Over a century later, in the year regarding the identification of the 1759 British forces under the command Mascouten. Ethnohistory, 19(2): investigated), because some of these 123-134. areas indicate earlier tribal locations for of General James Wolfe defeated the groups who are later documented as forces of General Montcalm on the Stothers, David M. and James R. Graves 1983 Cultural Continuity and Change: residing in very distant and different Plains of Abraham near Quebec. With The Western Basin, Ontario Iro­ locations. the fall of Quebec, New France was quois, and Sandusky Traditions—A This rare and unique map is truly a surrendered to the British. John Mon­ 1982 Perspective. Archaeology of "missing link" in the connection of his­ tresor, one of General Wolfe's engineers, Eastern North America, Vol. 11:109- toric tribal groups to their original pre­ apparently located the Ragueneau map 142. historic homelands and the prehistoric and realizing that it was an antique Trigger, Bruce G. remains of their tribal ancestors. Internal cartographic document, he probably 1976 The Children of Aatoentsic: A His­ data on this map may also lead to the usurped it as a spoil of war. Subse­ tory of the Huron People to 1660 correction of several significant facts quently, John Montresor or one of his (2 Vols.). McGill-Queen's University which are presently documented in the successors must have transmitted this Press. Montreal. historical records which pertain to the document back to England, where it be­ Thwaites, Reuben G. (ed.) Great Lakes region and its initial ex­ came housed in the archival collections 1896-1901 The Jesuit Relations and Al­ ploration. of the Ministry of Defense, where it re­ lied Documents (73 Volumes). The sides today. Burrows Brothers Company. Cleve­ land. How Did This Map Get to England? An interesting piece of information

Fig. I (Stothers) Photocopy of what may be the "Lost Huron" or "Lost Jesuit "map.

37 New Archaeological Report Published The final report on the archaeology of ologists who participated in the 1972 educational property it is today. He the Grand Village of the Natchez Indians, excavation. removed deposited soil, reaching the Natchez, has just been published, ac­ The first report, published in 1965, original plaza surfaces, and was the first cording to an announcement by Elbert described the finds of 1930 and 1962 to provide satisfactory analyses of the R. Hilliard. director of the Mississippi excavation projects at the site, the latter mounds' relations to each other. Department of Archives and History. directed by Neitzel. Today, the property is state owned This report, entitled The Grand Village The Grand Village of the Natchez and preserved, and is administered by of the Natchez Revisited, was compiled Indians was the center of Natchez Indian the Mississippi Department of Archives and written by the late Robert S. Neitzel, activities between 1682 and 1729 when and History. The report is available for one-time director of the State Historical disputes with the French settlers led to $15.00 (plus $.75 sales tax for Missis­ Museum, and an archaeologist with the the eventual demise of the Indian tribe. sippi residents and $.75 postage) from Department. Reporting on the 1972 Robert S. Neitzel was chiefly respon­ the Old Capitol Sales Shop, P.O. Box excavations at the Grand Village, this sible for transforming the site from over­ 571, Jackson, MS 39205; telephone publication represents a thorough pot­ grown fields where sheet erosion had (601)354-6222. tery study, which is augmented by an diminished the ceremonial Indian appendix of pottery types by two archae- mounds, to the beautiful, dignified, and

American Indian Basketry Necrology P.O. Box 66124, Portland, Oregon 97266 John Allman This series of publications is devoted It was with a great deal of regret that entirely to basketry made by native we recently heard of the passing of John American women and research in that Allman on June 13, 1983. He was 85 field. It is expensive— $26.00 per volume years old and would have been 86 in (4 issues) but it is probably one of the September. finest publications available in the field John Allman was a Past President of of basketry. It is printed on high quality the Archaeological Society of Ohio and paper with outstanding black and white had served in a number of capacities for photographs. To those collectors of our Society, both official and unofficial American Indian baskets, these publica­ He was an amateur archaeologist of high tions will be of great value reputation and his excavation of the Lichliter site in Montgomery County Robert N. Converse was a significant contribution to the Editor. understanding of Ohios prehistory. It was my pleasure to work with John All- man in the early years of our Society and I will always remember him as a soft spoken man of the highest integrity- he was a gentleman in every respect. Robert N. Converse

Book Review Muskingum River Narratives Before 1800 Edited by Richard Walker and Clyde K. Swift Occasional Paper in Muskingum Valley Archaeology #17 Zanesville, Ohio 100 Pages Softbound Cost $10.00

For those interested in Ohio s first (1798). In 1964 an original set of notes white men to enter the region took place. settlers, explorers, traders, mission­ in the handwriting of Jonathan Baldwin The reader, as well as this reviewer, if aries, soldiers and historic Indians and were found in the attic of a house near he is at all familiar with the eastern por­ Indian settlements, this book will pro­ the hamlet of Luke Chute in Muskingum tion of Ohio, will find himself associating vide fascinating reading. The book con­ County, and it is upon these notes that todays landmarks with those mentioned cerns itself primarily with the early the book focuses. These narratives add in the book. accounts of Thomas Hutchins (1762). a new dimension to the history of an Robert N. Converse, Editor John Heckwelder (1773), Jonathan area in which Ohio's very first contact Baldwin (1794-95) and Felix Renick between the native Indians and the first

38 LOOT! The Heritage of Plunder By Russell Chamberlin Publication date: October 14, 1983 Price: $19.95 hardbound ISBN: 0-87196-259-4 CONTACTS: Janis Kern, Publicist Rachael Rephan Ginsburg, Publicity Director Facts On File, Inc., 460 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10016 (212) 683-2244

A VAST NUMBER OF THE MUSEUM private collections where they now re­ that of the British Museum who were YREASURES WE ADMIRE TODAY side. In particular, it conveys to the asked to return marble statuary to HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED WITHOUT reader the attitudes prevalent in the Greece—they said "It would set a bad CONSENT eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth precedent." The plunder of art treasures through the centuries of those who plundered his­ The reader of this interesting book ages explored in new book published toric and archaeological sites to satisfy will, in the future, observe the displays by Facts on File their own or their country's acquisitive­ of some of the world's great museums Loot is one of the more fascinating ness for things of the past. Squarely at with a new outlook. The book is highly books I have read in several years. While the center of all of these narratives is recommended to acquaint the reader not strictly dealing with archaeology, it the question of whether any country or with the background of some of the nevertheless will find wide interests individual has the right to hold treasures famous museum collections—it is also among archaeologists since it tells the of art, archaeological artifacts or reli­ recommended as just plain good intriguing stories of how a great deal gious objects taken from another coun­ reading. of the worlds archaeological and art ob­ try. Typical of the responses given, jects came to be in the museums and regarding the return of such objects, is Robert N. Converse

THANK YOU NOTE October 25, 1983

The Department of Contract Archae­ of rolled copper beads covered the ex­ burials at the Connett Mound #3 are ology at O.H.S. would like to extend a tended burial. Two strands were placed associated with the Late Adena culture. special thanks to those members of the across the ilium, and two were located The projectile points from the Connett Archaeological Society of Ohio who on the public bone. Similar patterning Mound #4 are all small notched points participated in the excavations at the appeared beneath the burial indicating and very "Archaic looking." On this basis, Connett Mounds #3 and #4 at the Wolf that the interment was wrapped in cloth we think this mound may be attributed Plains National Register District. Spe­ or a garment. In fact, the copper served to the Early Adena period. Radiocarbon cifically, we appreciated the group trip as a preservative and adhered to pieces dates will be submitted from both by the Sycamore Run Chapter and re­ of woven material and leather. The cre­ mounds shortly. I will provide an update peated return trips by individual chap­ mation was positioned immediately when additional information is available. ter members. The project would not west of the extended burial and was Thank you all again! have been successful without these deposited on two thin copper breast­ volunteer efforts. plates, each of which measured approxi­ Shaune M. Skinner As many of you know, we did uncover mately 8 inches by 5 inches, and a sec­ Archaeologist a partial extended burial and cremation tion of tubular pipe with a flattened Department of Contract Archaeology at the base of a large circular pit in the mouthpiece. Ohio Historical Society smaller Connett Mound #3. Four strands Our tentative conclusion is that these

New Southeast Ohio Regional Coordinator Named Carrie J. Conklin, formerly of Colum­ and others who are involved in preserv­ Office of the Ohio Historical Society in bus, Ohio, has been named Southeast ing historic landmarks and archaeologi­ Columbus. She is a graduate of Welles- Ohio Regional Coordinator for the Ohio cal sites in southeastern Ohio. She will ley College, and has attended Cornell Historic Preservation Office of the Ohio work with volunteers to identify places University's graduate program in his­ Historical Society. The regional office, which should be preserved, offer educa­ toric preservation planning. at Ohio University's History Department tional programs, teach area residents Ms. Conklin replaces Christopher S. in Athens, serves Athens, Belmont, how to prepare nominations to the Na­ Witmer, who became manager of the Gallia, Guernsey, Hocking, Jackson, tional Register of Historic Places, and Main Street renovation program in Lawrence, Meigs, Monroe, Morgan, promote use of a twenty-five percent Williamsport, Pennsylvania, in August. Muskingum, Noble, Perry, Vinton, and investment tax credit now available for The Southeast Ohio Historic Preser­ Washington counties. rehabilitating qualifying older buildings. vation Office can be reached at (614) Ms. Conklin will be available to help Ms. Conklin formerly served as state­ 594-6578. local historical societies, preservation wide history and architecture coordina­ organizations, neighborhood groups, tor for the Ohio Historic Preservation

39