Ohio Valley History
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OHIO VALLEY HISTORY A Colaboration oj-Ibe - Fihon I listorical Society,Cincinnati Alust'win Center,and tbe Unitersity ofCinfinnati. VOLUAIE 7 ·Nll;\IBER 4 · WIN'rER 2007 OHIO VALLEY J.Blaine Hudson Vice Chairs Steven Skinman HISTORY STAFF Univerity ofLouis·uitte Otto Budig Merrie Stewart Stillpass 1 Jane Garvcy Roberi Sullivan Editors 1 Dec Gettler John Al.169.J:..AI. D. Christopher Phillips I p2Zu„:ttl James L.Turner Treasurer Dqirt,nnt ofH:story Joseph l\'dliams M,irk I. Hmser U,iiversify Rf Cin,tititati James C. Klotter Gregory Wolf GeorgeM' Colkge A.Glenn Crothers wn Secretary TilE FILSON Qf Hismry lartine R. I) Depar¢ment Bruce Levine unn HISTORICAL Uni'persify of-Louis·uine Uni:Bersity oflilinois SOCIET' 11()ARI) 1<) 4Research President and CEO Dirmor· DIRECTORS 71. Fitso,Historiwl Swaty DtiuglassV. \ AlcDonald 12 1 Harry N. Scheiber Unruersity Of Catifori,ia & President Managing Editors Vice President of Be,keley Orme Wilson, III Ashley 1).Graves Museums Tbe Fihon Higorical Soriefy 11)nvaN].Alatthews Steven M. Stowe Secretary Ad*w UNFUmh Ruby Rogers David Bohl i I.argaret Barr Kulp Centt· Cinti,· int!Mi.q·lii,1 r Cynthia Booth Roger 1).7 . ire Stephanie Byrd Treasurer 2 Somersef Commitilit·,Cothi Editorial Assistant John E Cassidy J. Valker\ Stite:.Ill Brian Gebhin David Davis Joew.l·Potter,Jr Departmen of-History Edward D. Dilter David LArmstrong Carnigic Me/lon Unimit, Universify 0/Cilirinmiti I)eanna Donnelly J. McCaulc:Bmwn James Ellerhorst S. Gordon Dalincv Alting Valler Editorial Board Dmid E. Foxx Louise Farn:le>·Gardner Stephen Aron Unierrsifv ofCon,wdii, Richard J. Hidv Holly Gath!ight Francine S. 1 liltz Un,vrr:,1/y of Cah»itia d A. Stewartussky ]. CINCINNATI Los Ailgeles Greg Kenny Ihomas T.Noland.Jr. MUSE[IM CENTER Roiiald A. Kcierters BOARD OF Anne Brewer Ogden Joan E. Cashin Gary Z. Lindgren H. Powell Starks Ohio Sulte University 1- Rl' STEES Kenneth W.Lowe Dr. R. Ted Steinbock Shenan R Murphv John P.Stern Ellen T.Eslinger Chair Robert W.Olson William M.Street D<PauT Uniwisiy Keith 11.irrison Thomas Quinn Scott Robertson Craig T.Friend Past Chair Yvonne Robertson Director North Care/ina Stliff Uniwrwy George Vincent Judith K.Stein,M.D. Mark V.Wetherington Page composition: Paul Christenson, Blue Mammoth Design Cincinnati Museum Center and -Il,e Filson Historical Society are private non-profit organizations supported almost entirely by gifts, sponsorships, admission. and membershil,fees. Obio Valle.y Hiwor)'ISSN ( 746-3472)is published quarterly in grants, Cincinnati, Ohio,and Louisville. Kentucky, bv Cincinnati Museum Ccnter and -Ihe Filson Historical Society. Periodical Ilic Filson Historical Society meinbership includes a subscription OVH. I i igher-level Cincinnati Museum Canter memberships postage paid at Cincinnati, 011,wi[h an additional entry at to Louisville. KY also include an OVH subscription. Back issues are 58.00. Poscm.aster, send address changes to the Filson Historical Society, For more in formation 011 Cincinnati Museum Center, including 1310 S. Third St.,Louisville, KY 40208. membership, visit www,cincymuseum.org or call 513-287-7000 or 1-800-733-2077. Editorial offices are located at ihc Universitvoi Cincinnati, Cincinnati,01 1 45221-0373. Contact £hc editorial oflices at For more information on -Ihe Filson 1 listorical Societv,including phi 1 tic [email protected]. membership,visit www.filsonhistorical.org or call 502-635"5083. Society Ohio 14,//<y History is a collabora tion of -Ihe Filson Historical © Cincinnati Museurn Center and -Ihe Filson 1-listorical 2007 Socierv,Cincinnati Aluseum Center,and the I)cportment of Historv, Universitvof Cincinnati. J Tbe Filson Historical Society 14sUkabidAT UNION TERM1NIt OHIO VALLEY HISTORY Volume 7, Number 4,Winter 2007 AJournal of the History and Culture of the Ohio Valley and the Upper South, published in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Louisville, Kentucky,by Cincinnati Museum Center andlhe Filson Historical Society, Contents Essays 1 Birds and the Missing Frog Animal Efigy Smoking Pipesfrom Cincinnati's Madison'ville and Turpin Sites Robert A. Genheimer 15 Choked' Him Til His Tongue Protruded' Violence,tbe Code of Honor,and Methodist Clergy in tbe Antebellum Obio Valley Douglas Montagna 32 An Honorable Position Joseph Holt's Letter to Joshua F.Speed on Neutrality and Secession in Kentucky, May 1861 Edited by Jacob E Lee 57 Weapons and Change Bridging tbe Gap bet·ween Populism and Historical Significance at tbe Frazier International History Museum Matthew E. Stanley Collections 66 Carlisle and Finch Electric Trains Essay David C. Conzett Book 73 Reviews Announcements 83 On the cover: Turpin Frog Pipe.CINCINNATI MUSEUM CENTER COLLECTIONS PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT WEBER Contributors Robert A.Genheimer is the George Rieveschl,Jr.,Curator of Archaeology at the Cincinnati Museum Center. He holds an M.A. in archeology from the University of Cincinnati, and has published numerous books and arti- cles on Ohio Valley archeological sites. Douglas Montagna is an assistant professor of history at Grand Valley St·ate University in Allendale, Michigan. He received his Ph.D. from Northern Illinois University,and has a published article in Methodist History. He is working on a book manuscript about the development of Methodism in the nineteenth-century Ohio Valley. Jacob E Lee is special collections assistant of'Ihe Filson Historic·al Society. He holds an M.A. in history from the University of Louisville. Matthew E. Stanley is an instructor of American History at Olney Central College in Olney,Illinois. He holds an M.A.in history from the University of Louisville. Birds and the Missing Frog Animal Effigy Smoking Pipesfrom Cincinnati's Madisonville and Turpin Sites Robert A. Genheimer prehistoric artifacts, stood a solitary sandstone object, not unlike many otherthe centerofnearby:thedining pestlestable,andcovereddelicatelywithtraysknappedandmountsof n items stoneroom axes, spear- points, and incised pottery sherds, bro- ken pieces of what were once ceramic vessels. But this roughly carved smoking pipe was familiar. Early in my under- graduate days I had seen a photograph of it. Moreover, neatly arranged on a shelf in the archaeological collections storage Center room at the Cincinnati Museum CMC)were four painted plaster casts of the pipe. But, unlike most archaeo- logical specimens, this one had a name. Amid its prehistoric companions on Betty Reinhart's table rested the famous ,«, ,» Turpin Frog Pipe. L*..*12 Reinhart preparing auction was to 4*** her late husband Roy's sizable collec- * 11#** tion ofprehistoric artifacts. Much of the »ty*4 collection consisted of unprovenanced -· " ... stone,flint,shell, and pottery items. Roy Pipeat PhilipTurpin Reinhart had acquired a considerable Philip Hinkle holding Turpin Frog House, ca. 1907. Cincinnati Museum Center. amount from identified sites in south- west Ohio including( at least the one pipe from the Turpin site)and par- ticularly from the Madisonville site, located in the village of Mariemont, Cincinnati' side. Excavated and off for the last 125 on s eastern on years, Madisonville is arguably one of the most explored and the latest occupied sites in the Ohio Valley. James B. Griffin designated Madisonville the type" WINTER 2007 1 BIRDS AND THE MISSING FROG site"or, ( the site that gives its name to a culture period)of one of four Leo- graphic foci of the newly formulated Fort Ancient Aspect in the carly 19405. More recently,the site has served 215 the type site of. the 'Mildisonvillc Horizon, a temporal marker or( chronological identification)that defines Late Prehistoric ca.( A.D. 1000 to A.D. 1650)settlements across the central Ohio Valley from the mid-fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries: Among the artifacts in Reinhart's Madisonville site collection were :- atrn hundreds of flint ·arrow points and endscrapers th ay have been . 1 employed in acquiring and preparing pelts for the burgeoning fur trade,as well as round gaming stones,dozens of worked . .' bone tools, two nearly complete pottery vessels and hun- dreds of vessel sherds,drilled animal teeth, glass jars of carbonized maize, and a series of complete and frag- mented smoking pipes. Knowing that her husband would have wanted these specimens curated where others could view and study them, Betty Reinhart donated more than twelve hundred of these speci- mens to CMC. Beyond their significant archaeological research value,these objects constitute new elements in a long history of local and national archaeological investiga- tions at these Cincinnati-area sites. Madisonville, and to a lesser degree Turpin, served as important venues for some of the first systematic archaeological work in the Ohio Valley. At both Madisonville and Turpin, as the reputations of the sites became known, locals ceded control of excavations to a national institu- tion, Harvard University's Peabody Museum I(IU]?M).In effect, in the decades surrounding the turn of the twentieth century,Cincinnati for a time took center-stage in the development of chronologies and methodologies in American archaeology,as well as providing a training ground for genera- tions ofarchaeological practitioners. The notes,photographs,and collections from these sites, now housed at numerous institutions, including CMC, are thus critical components in the history of American archacology. Archaeology Takes Center Stage 1-he central Ohio Valley and southern Ohio more particularly have been referred to as the cradle of American archaeology."In fact, as one scholar has written, tne development of American archaeology in the nineteenth century largely centered on the study of Ohio Mounds."I[he vast major- ity of these mounds and earthworks were constructed during the Early Woodland, or Adena, period ca.( 850 B.C. to B.C.-A.D. boundary)and 2 OHIO VALLEY HISTORY ROBERT A. GENHEIMER Middle Woodl·and, or Hopewell, period B.( C.-A.D. boundary tc,ca. A.D. 450).Some additional mounds and earthen embankments were erected during the Late Woodland ca.( A.D.