Acts #1845 to 2763 (2/1/1791 to 10/31/1969)
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Part 3 2,763 Official Anti-Jewish Acts Part 3 – Acts #1,845 to 2,763 (2/1/1791 to 10/31/1969) 1845 2/1/1791 "Decree" issued by the Senate of Frankfurt [Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt]: "[…] However, since the aforementioned Jews are not to be permitted to appear as advocates (lawyers) or as assistants of the legal profession in local courts and to be used as litigators or attorneys or to take on the role of solicitors […] that is why this is to be heeded in the future; [furthermore, they may only appear as a representative of one of their co-religionists, if they have received the proper verbal or written authorization …] and all Jews who appear at the local offices as attorneys are to be informed that if they dare to encroach/exceed the power of attorney given to them, these will be retracted and they will be entirely prohibited to appear as attorneys for their co-religionist in the future altogether […]" Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Neunter Theil. (Frankfurt am Mayn; 1799); (Collection of ordinances of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part nine.); (Frankfurt am Main; 1799); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 5/2/2020 1846 2/10/1791 "Granting of Tolerance (Certificates)" decree of the Lower-Austrian Government on behalf of the Court Chancellery to the 4 tolerates Jews [Lower- Austria; Present-day Austria]: "Through the court decision from January 24 […] it is ordered that all Jews, who after being given Tolerance (certificates) are still residing elsewhere, that they are to be move and settle here with their entire family within 6 months, or to lose their tolerance (certificates) altogether." Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 18, Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 4/18/2016 1847 3/4/1791 "Court Rescript" ('Hofreskript') issued by Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II addressed to the Government of Tyrol [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary]: "[…] all Jews who have a proper trade and business are prohibited to peddle - except to visits the markets – or to send their Jewish servants around to peddle in the countryside. […]" Systematische Darstellung aller über den Hausier-Handel bestehenden kaiserl. Königl. österreichischen Gesetze und Verordnungen verfaßt von Friedrich Selner ("Systematic Representation of all Imperial Royal Austrian Laws and Ordinances Regarding Peddling") Written/Compiled by Friedrich Selner; (1847); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 7/19/2017 1848 6/21/1791 Decree, issued by the Court Chancellery of Austria [Present-day Austria]: "Israelites shall not lease any pubs or taverns." Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch- chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police in the Austrian Empire: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 361. Researched by Dominik Jacobs 3/9/2020 Copyright 2020, 2021 Official Anti-Jewish Acts Throughout History 1849 7/22/1791 "Ordinance" issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: "Jews are not to be permitted to manipulate (handle) the community funds without leaving a deposit, and those who disregard this caution will be required to replace any damages that result from disobeying this order […]." Auszug aller im Königreiche Böhmen bestehenden Verordnungen und Gesetze nach Johann Roths Advokaten und Justiziärs der k. k. Staatsherrschaften Kotieschau and Kladrau, unter buchstäblichen gereihten Aufschriften der Gegenstände nach der Zeitfolge verfassten Sammlung neu aufgelegt, verbessert und vermehrt durch Johann Blaseck, k. k. Rath, Unterthansadvokaten und Fiskaladjunkten im Königreiche Böhmen. Fünfter Theil. Von Gef bis kirsch.; (Prag; 1817); (Abstracts of all existing regulations and laws in the Kingdom of Bohemia according to Johann Roth's, advocate/attorney and justice/council of the r[oyal] i[mperial] sovereignties [Chotieschau] and Kladruby, newly reissued collection in alphabetical and chronological order, improved and augmented by Johann Blaseck, r[oyal] i[mperial] council of subjects (prosecutor) and fiscal adjunct in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Fifth part. From Gef to kirsch); (Prague; 1817); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 4/16/2019 1850 8/30/1791 Decree, issued by the City Council of Frankfurt am Main [Present-day Germany]: "We hereby order, by the power of this decree, that no local Jew or Jewess may get married without the prior permission of the local community warden and the rabbi, nor be united in matrimony by a foreign rabbi, under penalty of being fined or receiving corporal punishment, as well as mandatory removal of this city, without hope of re-admittance." Decree regarding Jewish marriages in Frankfurt am Main (1791). Hesse Decrees Collection; AR 25198; Box 1; Folder 10; Leo Baeck Institute. Researched by Dominik Jacobs 1/9/2020 1851 9/16/1791 Rescript, issued by Christian VII, King of Denmark and Norway, to the Magistrate of Copenhagen [Present-day Denmark]: "All those of the Jewish nation must, when they demand it, worship inside their house, in exchange for paying 10 imperial thalers, and foreigners may also be allowed to use it, as long as they contribute up to 4 imperial thalers to the nation's expenditures for public mediation." Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 173. Researched by Dominik Jacobs 5/19/2020 1852 10/21/1791 "Establishing the Age Limits for Baptism of Jews" decree of the Court Chancellery to the Lower-Austrian government [Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria]: "His Majesty have […] come to the decision that the regular ordinance of October 30, 1789 - that says that Jewish children cannot be baptized before the age of 18 – is now repealed and that all political regional authorities of each province are granted permission to baptize Jewish children who have reached the age of 14, when they (the authorities) deem it important; […]." Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 18, Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 4/18/2016 1853 12/23/1791 "Law on the Settlement and Migration of Jews in the Russian Empire" issued by Catherine the Great [Russia]: "Article 4. In addition to the provinces and districts listed in the preceding section, a permanent residence is permitted to the Jews, with the following restrictions: ...Article 11. Jews who have gone abroad without a legal exit-permit are deprived of Russian citizenship and not permitted to return to 2 Official Anti-Jewish Acts Throughout History Russia. Article 12. Within the general area of settlement and in every place where the Jews are permitted permanent residence, they are allowed not only to move from place to place and to settle in accordance with the general regulations, but also to acquire real estate of all kinds with the exception of inhabited estates, the ownership of which is strictly forbidden to Jews ... Article 23. Every Jew must be registered according to the law in one of the legal estates of the realm. Any Jew not complying with this regulation will be treated as a vagrant." "Antisemitism in Imperial Russia; Creation of the Pale of Settlement (1791 and 1835)." No author, Accessed online article 9/29/2011 1854 1/3/1792 Court Decree, issued by Emperor Leopold II, Duke of Austria [Present-day Austria]: "Israelite girls may not enter into matrimony, as long they are unable to document that they have received [sufficient] instruction in a [regular] school." Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch- chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 310. Researched by Dominik Jacobs 2/9/2020 1855 1/5/1792 "Royal Court Decree" ("Hofdecret") issued by the Royal Imperial Court of Austria and addressed to the Galician Government [Present-day Austria, Poland and Ukraine]: "[…] The Jews of Galicia may not send any plenipotentiary [person with authority/full power to take action on someone or a group's behalf] to Vienna without having received the permission of the Royal Court via the local authorities ('Landesstelle') [...]." Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen