Information Issued by the Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain

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VOL XXI No. 1 January, 1966 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN

8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD, (corner Fairfax Rd.). London. N.W.S Office and Consulting Hours: Telephone: MAIda Vale 9096 7 (General OAcc and Welfare ter thc Aged). Monday to Thursday lOa.m.—lp.m. 3—6p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annually licensed by the L.C.C.. and Social Services Dept.) Friday IOa.m.—lp.m,

must warn the Federal Government not to destroy by new measures, which financially DEFERMENT OF COMPENSATION PAYMENTS mean a saving of 400 million marks out of an annual budget of 60,000 million marks, Widespread Protests the improved atmosphere in German-Jewish relations." On December 9, 1965, the draft of the so- and the Bundesrat and the Prime Ministers called " Haushaltssicherungsgesetz " sub of the Lander, protesting strongly against "AUFHEBUNG VERBRIEFTER RECHTE" mitted by the Federal Government was the inclusion of indemnification payments passed by the Bundestag with certain in the proposed budgetary measures. The Schreiben des Praesidenten des Council, amendments and against the votes of the Vice-President of the Council, Dr. W. Bres Dr. Siegfried Moses, an den Bundeskanzler Social Democrats. The Bill carries a provi lauer, was also a member of a delegation Jerusalem, den 28. November, 1965 sion which will affect payments under the representing major .Jewish organisations in Sehr geehrter Herr Bundeskanzler, Federal Indemnification Law. The relevant Britain which called on the Federal German clause (Article 17) reads as follows : Ambassador, Herr Herbert Blankenhorn. Die Conference on Jewish Material Claims The delegation lodged a strong protest against Germany und unser Council of Jews " Das Bundesgesetz zur Entschadigung against the postponement of compensation from Germany haben Ihnen — letzterer in fiir Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Ver payments to the victims of Nazi persecu seinem Brief vom 11. November, 1965 — folgung vom 29. Juni 1956 (Bundesgesetz tion, stressing that the proposed measures dargelegt, welch ernste Besorgnis in den an blatt 1 S.559), zuletzt geandert durch das would seriously undermine confidence in der Wiedergutmachungsgesetzgebung inter Zweite Gesetz zur Aenderung des Bun the sincerity of the Federal German Govern essierten Kreisen die Ankuendigung hervor desentschadigungsgesetzes vom 14. Sep ment's repeated declarations of its inten gerufen hat, dass die Ansprueche aus dem tember 1965 (Bundesgesetzblatt I S.1315), tion to redress the acts committed by the Bundesentschaedigungsgesetz Gegenstand der î\t mit folgender Massgabe : Nazis. The Ambassador undertook to trans Kuerzungen sein sollen, die das von der 1. Die Aufwendungen fiir die Geld mit the protest to his Government. Bundesregierung vorgeschlagene Haushalts leistungen nach diesen Gesetzen wer Elaborating on the Council's letter to the sicherungsgesetz vorsieht; sie haben ihre den fiir die Rechnungsjahre 1966 und Chancellor, and referring to the widespread Stellungnahme gegen den vorgeschlagenen 1967 auf jeweils 1.900.000.000 Deutsche concern among Nazi victims in Israel, Dr. Entwurf eingehend begruendet. Ich halte Siegfried Moses (Jerusalem), President of mich fuer verpflichtet, die Ihnen vorliegenden Mark festgesetzt. grundsaetzlichen Darlegungen dadurch zu 2. Die Bundesregierung wird ermach the Council sent a letter to the Chancellor, the full text of which is published on this ergaenzen, dass ich auf die tiefe Beunruhi- tigt, durch Rechtsverordnung Vom- gung und Depression hinweise, die die Nach hundertsatze fiir die Hohe der durch page. 'I'he proposed measure has been met by richten von der geplanten Finanzregelung bei Geldleistungen in den Rechnungs- den in Israel lebenden Wiedergutmachungs jahren 1966 und 1967 zu erfiillenden strong criticism in the national press of this country and abroad. In its leader on berechtigten ausgeloest haben. Anspriiche festzusetzen. Anspriiche auf Bekanntlich hat sich in Israel neben einer laufende Renten sowie Anspriiche auf December 10, 1965, the "Guardian" writes : " The Germans would do well to grossen Anzahl von aus Deutschland stam Heilverfahren nach diesem Gesetz menden juedischen Familien auch der groes bleiben unberiihrt." remember that this is a sensitive issue affecting the image of Germany in the world sere Teil derjenigen niedergelassen, die erst In the original Governmental draft it was at large. Memories are not so short that nach 1953 die Laender des Ostens verlassen envisaged that the implementary orders the events of twenty-five years ago can so konnten. Sie insbesondere muessen es als should stipulate "einheitliche Vomhun- easily be forgotten. The desire for recon irrefuehrend empfinden, wenn durch die dertsatze ". Later the word " einheitliche " ciliation is there—the younger generation Ankuendigung, dass die laufenden Jahres- was deleted and, according to a statement takes it for granted—but all will be in vain zahlungen unberuehrt bleiben, der Eindruck by the Federal Minister of Finance, Dr. if the victims of Nazism are not properly hervorgerufen werden kann, als seien soziale Dahlgriin, the Implementary Order will cared for." Gesichtspunkte ausreichend beruecksichtigt; take into account the claimants' social Protests were also lodged in the es wuerde sie ungemein hart treffen, wenn die circumstances, e.g., by providing immediate United States. Senator Jacob Javits asked ohnehin ausserordentlich niedrigen Einmal- full payments where the amounts involved Secretary of State, Dean Rusk, to intercede zahlungen, die sie nach dem Schlussgesetz zu are small or the persecutees are of an and to instruct the American Ambassador erwarten haben, gekuerzt wuerden und die advanced age. The Minister also promised in Bonn to " convey the deep disappoint endgueltige Befriedigung der Ansprueche, that in all other cases the highest possible ment which would be felt in the United auf die sie so lange schon warten, noch weiter quotas of the total awards would be paid States, as well as pointing out the prejudice hinausgeschoben wuerde. Aber auch die immediately. to the rights of United States citizens ". " Kapitalbetraege ", die den anderen Wieder While it is certainly to be welcomed that At a press conference in London, Dr. gutmachungsberechtigten zustehen, sind those in greatest need are to receive their Nahum Goldmann, President of the Confer keineswegs Zahlungen an sozial nicht Beduerf full payments without delay, any preferen ence on Jewish Material Claims Against tige ; handelt es sich doch unter anderen um tial treatment, however, desirable, is bound Germany, said that once the Bill was Rentennachzahlungen insbesondere auch an to reduce the quota available for immediate through its final stage, it would be con Witwen, deren Ehemaenner vor 1953 ver payments to other claimants. Above all, by tested in the Constitutional Court of the storben sind. the introduction of a ceiling, the legally Federal German Republic by some of Die tiefe Beunruhigung, die sich bei diesen enacted principle according to wiiich all the victims, with the full assistance of the Kategorien von Wiedergutmachungsberech compensation payments are due immedi Claims Conterence. The present Bill tigten bemerkbar macht, hat im uebrigen auch ately after they have been awarded has violated the principle of equality embodied die Empfaenger von Jahreszahlungen ergrif been revoked for those indemnification pay in the Constitution, since it discriminated fen, obwohl sie durch die geplante Regelimg ments to w-hich Article 17 of the against one section of Hitler's victims, whose nicht unmittelbar betroffen sind : sie befuerch- " Haushaltssicherungsgesetz " refers. ten verstaendhcherweise, dass die Bundes compensation would be delayed " As regierung, wenn sie den gegenwaertigen Plan As reported in the previous issue of one who has made great efforts tc bring verwirklicht, in einem der kommenden Jahre "AJR Information , the Council of Jews about understanding between the German auf dem einmal beschrittenen Wege fort- from Gennany has approached the Federal and Jewish peoples—and I have often Chancellor, the Presidents of the Bundestag been criticised and attacked for it—I Continued on page 2 A.J Page 2 AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 Aiifhebung Verbriefter Rechte QUESTIONS IN THE COMMONS RESTRICTIONS IN ARMED FORCES On December 13, Sir Barnett Janner raised British-Born Parentage Required Continued from page 1 the West German Government's proposal to According to a new regulation of the defer compensation to Nazi victims. He urged Ministry of Defence which was announced in schreiten und auch die Jahreszahlungen the Foreign Secretary to convey to Bonn the the press some time ago, officer applicants in Al antasten koennte. Sie alle koennen den " feeling in this country that on humanitarian the armed forces as well as ratings and other- by Gedanken nicht fassen, dass die gesetzlich grounds and in view of the undertakings " by rank applicants for the Royal Navy and the Spr verbrieften Rechte, die oft von entscheidender Bonn, the compensation payments should not R.A.F. have to be British nationals by birth Isrc Bedeutung fuer ihre einst vom Nazi-Regime be subjected to budgetary curtailment. and of British-born parentage. The new rule, bac zerstoerte und muehsam zu einem bescheidenen the announcement says, means that a candi A .Minister of State, George Thomson, said wit Teil wieder aufgebaute Existenz sind, durch the Government had the greatest sympathy date will have to comply with the conditions einen einseitigen Akt dei- Bundesregierung with victims who would have to wait longer already laid down for civil servants and mem aufgehoben werden koennten. tor compensation, but the timing of payments bers of the Diplomatic Corps under a Civil Wuerde die Bundesregierung auf die Ein was a matter for the German Government. Service Order in Council, 1956. Exceptions beziehung der Wiedergutmachungsverpflich- Sir Barnett said that it was wrong that may be made by special permission of the tungen in das Haushaltssicherungsgesetz nicht people pn the verge of death in many Minister of Defence. verzichten, so muessten die juedischen instances, very old people and others who had In explaining the object of the rule, the Organisationen in ihr einen Verhandlungs- been waiting for 20 years, should be unable press announcement refers to a statement by partner sehen, der sich fuer berechtigt haelt. to obtain their compensation. He asked the Mr. MacDermot, Financial Secretary to the die Ergebnisse langwieriger Verhandlungen— Minister if he would stress to the German Treasury, in a Commons Debate on November wenige Monate, nachdem sie in einem Gesetz Government that there were a large number 12, 1964, when he declared that persons of ihren Ausdruck gefunden haben — nach of people here and elsewhere who were deeply alien origin might be liable to pressure, such eigenem Ermessen zu annullieren. Sie wuerde disturbed about the action they proposed to as through having relatives behind the Iron fernerhin das Vertrauen der Wiedergutma take. Curtain. chungsberechtigten, das sie sich in den zurueck- Mr. Anthony Kershaw (Conservative) asked The regulation has met with widespread liegenden Jahren erworben hat, aufs Spiel if the Minister would make representations criticism, and steps aiming at having it setzen durch einen Gesetzesakt, der zeigen that the deferment was only i)rolonging the rescinded have been taken by various orga wuerde, dass sie entgegen ihren frueheren memory of episodes best forgotten. nisations. Erklaerungen in den aus der Wiedergutmach Mr. Thomson said he had no doubt that the The County Conference of the British ungsgesetzgebung resultierenden Pflichten concern expressed on both sides of the House Legion, held on December 5, passed a Reso keine Verpflichtung ganz besonderer Art und would be widely reported. lution demanding that applicants for com unantastbaren Charakters sieht und dass die missions should not have to apply for a waiver Rechte, auf die sich vielfach die Existenz der GENOCIDE CONVENTION if one of their parents had served with H.M. Wiedergutmachungsberechtigten gruendet, Mr. George Thomson, Minister of State for Forces. Disapproval was also expressed by einer eigenmaechtigen Kuerzung und Beein Foreign Affairs, told the Commons that the Alderman Sir Bernard Waley-Cohen at the Government have decided that Britain should Remembrance Rally of the Association of traechtigung unterworfen werden koennen. accede to the United Nations Genocide Con Ganz abgesehen von den so gewichtigen Jewish Ex-Service Men and Women. Com vention, which seeks to outlaw attempts at menting on Sir Bernard's address, the Jeioish prinzipiellen und juristischen Gruenden, die race extermination. Successive Governments, who have been Chronicle describes the regulations as " an gegen die geplante Regelung sprechen, sollten affront to the thousands of men and women moralische und politische Erwaegungen zu der urged to accede to this Convention, have argued that the procedural difficulties were who were ready to give their lives for their Frage fuehren, ob der Vorteil, der der staat country of adoption, and to the memory of lichen Finanzverwaltung moeglicherweise aus too complex. Mr. Thomson indicated in his statement that these difficulties have been those who gave their lives ". der Einbeziehung der Wiedergutmachungs overcome. As the representative body of those foreign- ansprueche in das Haushaltssicherungsgesetz Sir Barnett Janner. M.P.. said that this erwachsen koennte, die schweren Sorgen, die would be particularly welcomed by Jewish born British citizens who were admitted to dieser Akt den auf Wiedergutmachung war- communities throughout the world. For five this country before the war as refugees and tenden Menschen verursachen wuerde, und years Sir Barnett has been urging that the who contributed to the war effort in many den Vertrauensverlust, den die Bundes Government should accede to the Convention. spheres, the AJR is closely watching the posi regierung selbst durch ihn erleiden wuerde, Mr. Thomson, in reply to a question from tion, realising that, however generously zu rechtfertigen vermag. Sir Barnett, stated that the Government exceptions may be granted, the new regula intended at a suitable opportunity to introduce tion imposes a treatment on the children of Abschriften dieses Briefes habe ich dem legislation to bring the domestic law into line its members which sets them spart from other Herrn Bundesfinanzminister und den Herren with the Convention, in particular by ensuring British-born citizens. Praesidenten des Bundestags und des Bundes that all the offences described in the Conven rats sowie dem Herrn Botschafter der Bundes tion were covered by our criminal law, and republik in Israel uebermittelt. to ensure that accession to it took place as soon thereafter as possible. Don't suffer from tiie effects of DRY AIR caused by Mit vorzueglicher Hochachtung, BONN DELAYS DR. S. MOSES, Central-Heating Praesident des Council Irritation is being felt at articles appearing of Jews from Germany. in the West German press stressing that Israel is only one of many countries needing econ omic aid and stating that there is no need for special consideration to be granted to her. Thi.= is also felt m the slowness and hesitation Your House for :— with which the Erhard Government is imple menting the agreement signed in Jerusalem CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO, by Dr. Kurt Birrenbach. the special envoy sent to Israel by Chancellor Erhard before diplo UPHOLSTERY matic relations were officially established between Israel and West Germany. SPECIALITY Of the three main clauses in the Birrenbach agreement, only one has been implemented— that dealing with the establishment of diplo CONTINENTAL DOWN matic relations. No progress has been made either with negotiations for economic aid from QUILTS I Bonn or with the replacement of the cancelleri INSTALL A HUMIDIFIER arms agreement between West Germany and on your Radiator and be free from an unpleasan Israel by other assistance. and unfiealthy atmosphere. ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS Israeli-West German relations were reviewed ESTIMATES FREE during the recent visit to Tel Aviv of Dr. INEXPENSIVE—NO RUNNING COSTS Rainer Barzel. chairman of the Parliamentary Christian Democratic Partv. Although Dr. Ask for details from : DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Barzel's visit was described as " private " he had talks with four top Cabinet Members, The Humidifier Co. 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK inckiding the Prime Minister. It is understood 25 Bridge Road, Wembley Park, Middx Telephone : ARN. 6671 that the Israeli leaders emphasised the impor tance they attach to the way relations are ARNold 7603 Personal attlntion o( Mr. W. Shackman. going to develop during the first two years after the establishment of diplomatic ties. I AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLOJVDAICA Chief Rabbi HOOLIGAN ASSAULT MONTEVIDEO RABBI VISITS LONDON The Council of the United Synagogue A 17-ye&r-old yeshiva student was stabbed On the occasion of a tour through European unanimously adopted a resolution setting into by teenage hooUgans in Stamford Hill. Joseph countries Rabbi Dr. Fritz Winter (Monte motion the machinery for selecting and »Pnnger, son of the secretary of the Agudas video) recently paid a visit to London. He appointing a new Chief Rabbi of the United Israel World Organisation, was stabbed in the is the spiritual head of the Nueva Congre Hebrew Congregations of the British Common Dack eleven times and his skull was fractured. gacion Israelita, founded by immigrants from wealth. It is Ukely that the choice of a new A fellow-student, David Lieberman, who was Central Europe as well as the president of the Chief Rabbi will be confined to some of the With him, was also attacked but not injured. Association of Rabbis in Latin America and a same candidates who led the field last time. This is the most serious of a series of inci- member of the Presidium of " Centra ". the aents that have occurred in the Stamford Hill South American affiliate of the Council of Jews Belfast Rabbi Resigns from Germany. area. Leading Anglo-Jewish organisations Rabbi Dr. A. Carlebach, Rabbi of Belfast and have registered strong protests. The C.I.D. He had exchanges of views with representa Northern Ireland since 1954, has resigned his has referred to it as a vicious attack, stating tives of the Council and of the AJR and showed post and has left for Israel. He had, he said, that no effort is being spared to bring the a keen interest in the work done by former felt increasingly unhappy about the conditions perpetrators to justice and to stop any recur German Jews in this country. Dr. Winter also in which he had to work and saw little hope rence of similar incidents. reported on the manifold activities of his Con of their improvement. Rabbi Carlebach, who It has been suggested that interested Jewish gregation, including its comprehensive welfare was born in Cologne, is a member of the well- organisations press for Government action to work. He himself plays a responsible part in known family of rabbis in pre-war Germany. stop a recurrence of such incidents. Mr. the administration of the local Home for Aged Maurice Edelman, M.P., president of the Jews from Central Europe. He was shown Priest in Pulpit Anglo-Jewish Association, wrote to the Home Otto Schiff House and expressed his apprecia secretary on the issue and he expressed the tion of the comfort rendered to its residents. For the first time in Manchester, and hope that other M.P.s would follow suit. possibly in Britain, a Roman Catholic priest LIVERPOOL CIVIC SERVICE gave an address in a synagogue. Monsignor COLIN JORDAN SENTENCE QUASHED Charles L. Egan, vicar-general of Salford, The Merseyside .Jewish Representative Coun spoke at the Jackson's Row Synagogue at the A three-month prison sentence imposed on cil held tlieir annual civic service at the Aller U)tin Jordan, leader of the National Socialist ton Svnagogue. Liverpool. The service was ena jf a special Brotherhood Week service. Movement, for insulting behaviour during a attended in state by the Lord Mayor and Lady He said he was very happy that the general visit by Mr. Ian Smith of Rhodesia, has been Mayoress of Liverpool, accompanied by mem climate of religious opinion had so changed quashed by the Inner London Sessions Appeals bers of the town council, chief officers of the as to make it possible for him to be in the ômmittee. A fine of £50 was substituted with corporation. Lord Cohen of Birkenhead and synagogue. There were also several nuns and a nionth to pay or one month's imprisonment two M.P.s of the Liverpool areas. Rabbi Dr. Protestant clergymen at the service. in default. The chairman said that they did S. M. Lehrmann, of London, in his address, not want to make a political martyr out of referred to the contribution which Jews have Liberal Synagogue made to many aspects of the civic life of Liverpool. In no other city had he found such Rabbi Dr. Leslie I. Edgar, emeritus minister SYNAGOGUE ARSON harmonious relationship and understanding of the Liberal Jewish Synagogue, St. John's Six men were sent for trial at the Old Bailey, between Jew and non-Jew. Wood, London, has retired from active service îieged to have been responsible for setting at the synagogue. He maintains his personal A ^1° '•*° synagogues. TRIBUTE TO C.B.F. association with the synagogue. Asked why they had damaged the syna The first national conference of the women's New President of Union gogues, one of the accused was alleged to division of the Central British Fund, repre nave said that they were all members of the senting London, Letchworth and Oxford, was Lord Cohen of Walmer has been appointed storm command " of the Woodford group of held at the Victoria Hall, London. president of the Union of Liberal and Progres ôun Jordan's National Socialist Movement, sive Synagogues in succession to Rabbi Edgar. i^n a statement in which he admitted the The Countess of Dartmouth opened the con Lord Cohen, a former president of the Jewish ottences, he said that Jordan was with them at ference. She referred to the wonderful work Welfare Board and a former vice-president of f nieeting and said it was a good idea to burn done by the C.B.F., which brought hope where the Board of Deputies, was the first Jew to synagogues. there was only despair. reach the high position of a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, which he was made in 1951. FASCIST INCIDENTS PAMPHLET AGAINST PREJUDICE "SearchUght", the pubUcation devoted to The pamphlet " Learning to Live with Our Welfare Board Project Lombating fascism and racialism, in a recent Neiglibours" by Myer Domnitz, secretary of ssue published " a diary of continual racialist the Lecture Committee of the Board of Depu The Jewish Welfare Board has received per gangsterism that has been flourishing un- ties, was recently published in its second mission to build 20 family flats at a site in cneclced throughout the country over the last revised edition.••^ It is based on a paper read Green Lanes, Stoke Newington. The estimated year. cost of the project is £200.000. of which about by the author in connection with World £75 000 has been raised. Unless the additional Mr. Freeson, M.P., editor of the paper, in Mental Health Year 1960 and published by £125 000 can be obtained from voluntary dona ?n open letter to the Home Secretary, states : UNESCO Institute for Education, Hamburg. tions, the Board will have to borrow from local , ^n all the incidents reported here, there The lucid pamphlet deals with educational authorities and will be forced to increase the "?ye been very few arrests. Are you satisfied techniques for overcoming group prejudice. rents .-iabstantially. ^'ith this ? We are not. Already, there are It, therefore, now also has special bearing on Reports of West Indians. Indians and Jews the problems arising in connection with the wming their own self-defence organisations, arrival and integration of new immigrants Christmas Help ^ney cannot rely on the police to protect them from overseas. In the Appendix the author, any more. . . ." amongst others, deals with the role of the The Association of Jewish Ex-Service Men crucifixion story in disseminating antisemitism and Women once again provided volunteers at DEAD SEA SCROLLS EXHIBITION and refutes some of the main allegations made nearly 120 hospitals in London and the pro An exhibition of Dead Sea scrolls has been against " the Jews." It also deals with the vinces under the organisation's Christmas hos blood libel accusation and the myth of Shylock. pitals' scheme. With the Ajex volunteers were jncunted at the British Museum, until the volunteers from the League of Jewish Women middle of Februarv. It will later tour the * 40 pages. l/6d. Board of Deputies, Wobuin and. for the first time, from the B'nai B'rith. provinces. House. Upper Woburn Place, London, W.C.l. More than 4.5 branches of Ajex took part in the scheme. Jewish youth organisations also helped. Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. Teachers Dismissed Ten teachers, the entire staff of thc reUgion Bankers classes of the Hendon Reform Synagogue, have been dismissed following a demand for an all- round increase in salary. They have been BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11 MOORGATE, E.C.2 replaced by others, who have agreed to work at the old salary. Telephone: METropolitan 8151 The teachers demanded a 50 per cent salary increase. Upon the synagogue council's offer Representing: to consider small increases in individual cases only, they refused to take classes unless an I L FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION immediate all-round minimum increase was granted. The council stated that the teachers TEL .AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA 60 EAST 42nd ST., NEW YORK, 17, N.Y. were dismissed because they had been unable to agree to the demand. MHgasa!EaBgri3>;i« f^^?p:»° B'WwîigHgfmgBiEHar.jsig;;'!!,-. -••• :^2&

AJR Page 4 AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 NEWS FROM ABROAD DUTCH MARTYRS REMEMBERED The Jewish community of Venlo, southem Holland, has successfully objected to the AMERICAN NEWS LIFE IN RHODESIA inclusion of the names of 17 Dutchmen killed Negroes and Jews At the moment life for Rhodesia's 5,500 while serving in the Wehrmacht in the same Jews continues much as normal. In a Remem register of remembrance as the names of the A study of the riots in Philadelphia on brance Day address to Rhodesian ex-Service- Venlo Jews killed by the Germans during August 28-30, 1964, has been submitted to the men at the Cenotaph in Salisbury, Rabbi M. the war. Four citizens have protested to the American Jewish Committee's National Execu Konviser, the spiritual leader of the Ashkenazi municipality over the omission of the names tive Board. The finding is that, although there community and a chaplain to the Rhodesian from the book, which is in a Roman Catholic is anti-Jewish sentiment in the Negro ghettoes, Forces, called for a " rededication and a chapel in the town. and the great majority of the white business renewal of our pledge of loyalty to the Crown men in the Negro section are Jews, anti and a readiness to guard faithfully the safety SCANDINAVIAN COMMUNITIES semitism was not the main motive of the riots. and humanitarian legacy of extracting light Dr. Martin Luther King Jnr., the Nobel from darkness and strength from adversity." Representatives of Scandinavia's scattered Peace Prize winner and president of the So far no changes have been made in the Jewish communities—20,000 in Sweden, Den Southern Christian Leadership Conference, torm of prayers used in synagogues, but it is mark and Norway and another 1,700 in Finland was awarded the Judaism and World Peace possible that amendments might have to be —met in Copenhagen to discuss common pro Award of the Synagogue Council of America. made in the loyal prayers so as to exclude blems. It was agreed to maintain closer The presentation was made in New York at mention of the Governor. contact and Jewish teachers have since met the annual dinner of the Council, which repre Jews have played an important role in the in Gothenburg to establish some method of sents all religious trends in American Jewry. civic and political life of Rhodesia in recent co-operation with regard to religious education years. Sir Roy Welensky was a former Prime and the shortage of teaching materials. Medals for Generals Minister and there are three Jewish M.P.s on Points of discussion at the Copenhagen the Government side in Parliament. The only meeting included the need to recruit rabbis The United Jewish Appeal presented gold White Opposition member is also a Jew, Dr. for Norway and Finland, the circulation of medals to three Allied generals to mark the Ahrn Palley, an Independent. existing rabbis among the smaller communi 20th anniversary of the Allied victory in ties, co-operation between community centres Europe. They are former President Eisen SITUATION IN ZAMBIA and the publication of a Scandinavian Jewish hower, Field-Marshal Earl Alexander of Tunis monthly. and General Pierre Koenig. Mr. Eisenhower There are about 800 Jews in Zambia. Their situation is satisfactory and relations with the was represented by General Lucis D. Clay, but EASTERN JEWRY the other two generals attended personally. Government excellent. Mr. S. W. Magnus, Q.C., the one Jewish Member of the Zambian British Communists' Concern Anti-Poverty Campaign Parliament, recently conducted and won a one-man campaign in Committee to obtain The National Council of Jewish Women has The 29th national congress of the British special reUgious faciUties for non-Christian Communist Party had two resolutions sub announced the launching of a " woman-to- prisoners. woman " anti-poverty campaign in communi mitted by different branches demanding equal The existence of a Jewish community is religious and cultural rights for Soviet Jewry. ties throughout the United States, together officially recognised in the allocation of tele with Catholic, Protestant and Negro women's The two branches concerned (Oxford Students vision and radio time for programmes to mark and Prestwich) wanted congress to instruct the organisations affiUated to women in community the High Holy-days and it was with the bless services. national executive ot the party to inquire into ing of the Government that a Zambian branch the allegations of anti-Jewish discrimination in BRAZILIAN HONOUR of the Central African Board of Deputies was Soviet Russia and to request the Soviet Govern estabUshed. There are also branches of the ment to restore to its Jewish community all Dr. Josef Feher, one of Brazil's leading heart Central African Zionist Organisation and of the religious and cultural rights and facilities speciaUsts, has been presented with the Wizo. granted to other minorities. Brazilian Order of Medical Merit. Dr. Feher, The Kaunda administration has great respect The resolutions were referred to the incom a Jew, has visited many countries as Brazil's for Israel and the IsraeU Ambassador, Colonel ing national executive by a decision of the official representative to international medical Benzion Tehan, has made an excellent impres committee responsible for the arrangements in congresses. He came to Brazil from Central sion in Government and other circles. the congress and the selection of motions and Europe before the Second World War. amenduients. However, in taking this decision SOUTH AFRICAN JEWRY the resolutions committee expressed its sym REFUGEES IN DOMINICA The Right Rev. Joost de Blank, former pathy for the points raised. According to a report in the " New York Archbishop of Cape Town, addressed the Lon Times", a 200-member colony of Jewish don Society of Jews and Christians on " Race Statement by Board of Deputies refugees from Nazi persecution who have lived Relations ". Dr. de Blank, who spoke of the in the Dominican Republic for 25 years, problem of race relationship between 'Whites Presenting the report of the Foreign Affairs suffered only a temporary dislocation in trade and Coloured people in Africa, said that a Committee at the Board of Deputies meeting and some damage to property during the fight number of non-religious Jews had bravely on November 21, 1965, Sir Barnett Janner, ing there early in 1965. The colony is at M.P.. stated that certain claims, according to participated in the anti-apartheid movement. which the position of the Jews in the Soviet Sosua, on the north coast of the island. Replying to a guestion, he said it was natural The late TrujiUo regime offered 100,000 Union had improved, were misleading. Many that South Africa's Jewish community did not reports were mainly repetitions of the same few visas to homeless Jews in 1939. About 2,000 wish to draw attention to itself by speaking facts or promises. " Apart from this evidence refugees from Germany and Austria were out officially against apartheid, bearing in of a massive propaganda effort designed to dis granted visas but many never arrived. The mind the antisemitism directed against it dur arm international public opinion on the Soviet land was allocated to the refugees by the ing the Second World War and the fact that Jewish question, there have been no grounds regime and the American Joint Distribution it was living there peacefully today. whatever to conclude that any change for the Committee and other Jewish organisations better is taking place." helped the community. About 600 immigrants DENMARK'S CHIEF RABBI from Europe eventually arrived. Many later went to other countries, mostly the United A storm has been aroused over Rabbi Britisli Friends of Russian Jewry States. There are now 56 Jewish families Marcus Melchior's acceptance of the Federal Uving in the island, totalling 200 people. They German Grand Cross of Merit. Dr. Melchior A new organisation, hoping to draw wide have Dominican, West German or Austrian has been both severely attacked and strongly spread attention to the plight of Soviet Jewry, citizenship. defended. Distinguished Danes, including the has been formed in London. It will be called Minister for Church Affairs, took his side. the Society of Friends of Russian Jewry. Mr. The Board of Representatives of Danish Jewry Joel Cang will be hon. secretary, and its mem disagrees with the acceptance of the award. bers will include Earl Russell (Bertrand Rus Gorta Radiovision Defending his acceptance of the Grand Cross sell). Lord Russell of Liverpool, Mr. Philip on Danish television, the Chief Rabbi said that Goodhart, MP., and Mr. .Tosef Herman, the Service if he could bring back to life any one of those artist. (Member R.T.R.A.) killed by the Nazis he would not have accepted the award. But an attitude of unforgiveness Rumanian Officials Ousted 13 Frognal Parade, was wrong politics and could only work against On the orders of the new Communist Party Finchley Road, N.W.S the democratic forces of Germany, as had been secretary, Mr. Nicolae Ceausescu, three Jews the case after 1914. have been ousted from important positions in SALES REPAIRS the Rumanian economy. They are Mr. Gaston Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, Ferranti, BOOK ON DUTCH JEWRY Marin, head of the national planning commis GniniUg, etc. Nearly 41,000 copies of Professor Jacques sion ; Mr. Mihail Petri, Minister of Foreign Television Rentals frotn 8/- Per Week Presser's book, " The Persecution and Destruc Trade; and Mr. Mihail Florescu, Minister for Mr. Gort will always be pleased to tion of Dutch Jewry. 1940-1945" (reviewed the Petrochemical Industry. advise you. in the November, 1965 issue of this paper), Although antisemitic inclinations have been (HAM. 8635) have been sold since the first printing last attributed to Mr. Ceausescu. there has been no April. evidence of increased anti-Jewish pressures. AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 Page 5 THE GERMAN SCENE NEWS FROM ISRAEL BREAK WITH RHODESIA JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN GERMANY ISRAELI AMBASSADOR ADDRESSES GERMAN YOUTH In a statement breaking off relations with According to the Jtidisciie Presse-Dienst, the government in Rhodesia, the Israeli PubUshed by the Zentralrat der Juden in Participants at the Munich Youth Conference Foreign Ministry condemned the illegal Peutschland. there are 71 Jewish communities of the German Federation of Trade Unions declaration of independence. in the German Federal Republic. The largest held a Memorial Meeting on the site of the African students, demonstrating outside the of them is in West Berlin, which is followed former Dachau Concentration Camp. The British Embassy in Tel Aviv against Britain's °y Munich, Frankfurt/M., Hamburg, Cologne, speakers included the Israeli Ambassador to " weak " action against the regime in Rhodesia, Uusseldorf. Hanover, Stuttgart, Karlsruhe and the Federal RepubUc, Mr. A. Ben-Natan. "I threw stones and smashed two windows in the i-ssen. speak to you," the Ambassador said, " as the Emba.ssy. Two policemen were slightly hurt, There are also regional federations of com member of a people which has lost six milUon but there were no other casualties and no munities in Bavaria, Rhineland-Pfalz, Hessen, of its brothers and sisters. To stand here arrests were made. Israel apologised to Britain Worth-Rhine. WestphaUa, Lower Saxony, together with you is the most moving experi for the damage done and the Foreign Ministry oadenia and Wiirttemberg/Hohenzollern. On ence of my life, but it is also a most encourag later issued a statement deploring the violence a national basis the communities and regional ing experience. Dachau must be an eternal and reminding foreign students that they are lederations are organised under the auspices warning for us. I attended this ceremony obliged to obey the law in the same way as ot the Zentralrat. which was founded in 1950 because I believe that in trying to achieve a Israeli citizens. ^ TV, ^ên a public corporation since 1963. better future we have a joint responsibility." Exports to Rhodesia from Israel were last The total number of members of Jewish year worth £228.500 and imports from communities in the Federal Republic and West Rhodesia, £52,100. Berlin amounted to 25,466 on October 1, 1965, BOND WITH ISRAEL as against 25.064 on October 1, 1964. Amongst Dean Heinrich Grueber, a prominent leader INCREASE OF ORIENTALS inem are 3,225 under 15 years of age and 2,718 of the Evangelical Church who risked his Ufe over 70. The average age is 45 years. to help Jews in the Hitler period, is the chair The United States Population Reference man of a committee registered in Bonn to form Bureau, in a recent report, states that, due to the rapid increase in the number of Oriental THEODOR HEUSS PRIZE the first German-Israeli Society. The com mittee also includes members of the Federal Jews, Israel may soon have a " very different 'The Theodor Heuss Prize 1965 was awarded Parliament Gerhard Jahn, Ernst Benda, character from that envisioned by its 'o Marion Graefin Doenhoffi and the Bamberger Thomas Dehler and Ernst Lemmer. founders." ;'ugendring. The Prize, which represents a The report noted that births to Israeli women njônetary value of 8,000 D.M., has been frcm Asia or Africa in 1951-1960 rose from DiiK?-^"^^ for outstanding manifestations of VOM RATH ASSASSINATION 43 to 60 per cent, whereas the proportion of PUDlic responsibility, civil courage and prac REINVESTIGATED babies born to women from Europe or the tised tolerance. Americas declined from 46 to 22 per cent. .(.'^'"aefin Doenhoff received it in recognition A perjury trial is due to begin in Essen of Some authorities torecast that Afro-Asians will 1 her services as a publicist, her fairness and Wolfgang Dierwege, a former leading official constitute 75 per cent of Israel's population in 'F^xemplary poUtical style. The other part in the Nazi Ministry of Propaganda. He has about ten years. Israelis of Oriental hack- I the prize was awarded to the Bamberger been charged with making perjured statements ground—" by sheer increase in numbers and to the police some years ago in connection with the consequent social drag they cause " (they aJJêndring because of the spirit of fellowship are referred to in the report as "illiterate, the "Unianism shown by its members, when the vom Rath assassination, which was the excuse for the pogroms in November, 1938. poor, undernourished peoples" lacking even p'rj'' voluntarily restored the local Jewish rudimentary knowledge of industrial and farm emetery after its desecration in June, 1965. A number of prominent former Nazis will be called as witnesses.—(J.C.) skills) " may well change the course of Israel's direction." WARNINGS BY ERICH LUETH " JEW SUESS " y ^" the series "Judentum - Schicksal, Wesen WEIZMANN HONOUR FOR GERMAN "â Gegenwart", edited by Franz Boehm and Flensburg district court ordered the con fiscation of a copy of the Nazi antisemitic film, Professor Wolfgang Gentner, the director of ."palter Dirks, Erich Lueth, well known as the the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics jnitiator of the "Peace with Israel" move- " Jew Siiss", on the ground that it violates at Heidelberg, was made an honorary fellow .."fnt, published an article about " Antisemi- the West German Basic Law, which prohibits of the Weizmann Institute. The honour was "sm after 1945". discrimination for reasons of race or religion. bestowed in Jerusalem at a ceremony at the "e states that prejudice against the Jews The film, which was also declared to infringe opening of the Institute's academic year, and PP^ still widely spread, also amongst young the democratic principles of the West German is in recognition of Professor Centner's great tlip- i' ^^^y of whom had never met a Jew in State, is now deposited in the federal archives contribution to the development of co-opera Wrir ^^^- Special educational problems, he in Coblenz. tion between the Institute and German r,"'^s. arose from the fact that many young research centres. Professor Gentner is the nipn ^'^''^ t^^ ^°"^ °^ *^'°^^ relatives of S.S. supervisor of the 19 biological and nuclear en or soldiers who had been involved in the research projects in Israel sponsored by the w'^"ies and lost their Uves during the war. West German Government. thp "• Tl^^th thinks that apologetics were not Recently the East German Government thp 7 method of reinstating the image of alleged that he was the director of a joint inH- J*- ^" ''•s experience descriptions of Israeli-West German project for manufactur Prani' ^^ fates, such as reflected in Anne ing an atomic bomb and the development of aiit^ s Diary, were much more effective. The germ warfare. An official Israeli source denied Mprnk'' ^^^° stresses that the attitude of that Israel was engaged in any military dpp- • '^^ of Parliament, as manifested in research with West Germany.— (J.C.) I^S'fi'^ns such as the enactment of the Federal Igfr"^nification Law or the Agreement with GERMAN'S HOUSE DAUBED fpj- ' *^'^ not necessarily coincide with the ^'^^"ngs of the ordinary people. Swastikas were daubed on the walls of a Win, "^ ^^^ 0^ h'S article Erich Lueth deals house in Kiryat Gat, near Tel Aviv, occupied ref,, several recent pubUcations which try to by a German textile engineer, who arrived in for it t"^ extent of the extermination or call Israel a few months ago. in r elimination of Jews from public Ufe spr,^^^'''"2''>'- Although such pubUcations dis- " HELLO DOLLY!" ^minate Nazi ideas, the legal authorities had "•• seen their way to prohibiting them. Miss Molly Picon, the American-Yiddish actress and musical star, is in Tel Aviv to pre EAST BERLIN pare for the leading part in Giora Godik's IsraeU production of the Broadway play, New Chief Rabbi " Hello Dolly ! ". The musical is now having a great success in London, with Mary Martin RJJI succession to the late Rabbi Riesenburger, in the leading role. in "ifi Edmund Singer, who up till now lived of ^" . ^^^t. has been appointed Chief Rabbi ot East Beriin. BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS. Jewish Children Remembered Part exchonge. Deferred terms. mi^H™^"}°fi^^ plaque to 150 Jewish children JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. nurdered by the Nazis has been unveiled in 2 Park West Place, Marble Arch, W.2 phiM ^^t BerUn home for aged Jews. The Tel.: PAD. 8818/9 in 194?' '"«^l"ding 71 babies, were deported AUTHORISED KCHSTEIN RETAILERS BEl^ m:^.^.-smmrsî^m!sm9mmRmfmmsm^^7^'->.w i:i£:x;

Page 6 AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 Ef(on Larsen these horrors when by his signature on the Munich Agreement he extended the area of Nazi sadism to the Czechs." Now that Britain was at war with Hitler FLEET STREET AND THE GERMAN JEWS Germany, Fleet Street needed neither courage nor conviction to print what transpired via Six out of ten people in Britain have been It sounds grotesque, but two months after the neutral countries about the systematic exter buying newspapers every day over the last Nuremberg Decrees The Times still assumed mination of the Jews in Hitler-occupied thirty years, and the rise of other means of that " Herr Hitler is unaware of all that is Europe ; in fact, it was " doing its bit" for the mass communication seems to have made Uttle being done since the passage of the laws to war effort by publishing the terrible truth. difference. This is the highest rate of news bring about a ' tolerable relationship', or that " It is a remarkable fact", says Dr. Sharf, paper consumption in the world, nearly twice the fanatics are beyond control". " that, despite all the obvious difficulties, a that of the U.S.A. or Germany. Yet it is The Times may have been merely naive, but great deal of information about Jews in extremely difficult to say whether the British other journals were downright sympathetic to German-occupied territory did appear in the Press has, by and large, represented the the Nazis. " It is true that the Jewish pre British Press during the whole of the war— country's or even its readers' opinions, or dominance in the Press and the theatre long before the advance of the Allied armies whether it has been able to influence them imported a purely materialistic aspect of life had uncovered the truth in its full details." decisively. For if this were so, no Labour into Germany which had the effect of debasing Yet there were notorious exceptions; for Government would ever come to power as the the high national ideals which formerly united instance, the Catholic Times wrote on Christ great majority of the Press is, on the whole. the German race": this is not Goebbels mas Eve (!), 1942, "It is no secret that the Conservative. We must bear these facts in speaking, but the Conservative British Satur recent wave of propaganda about German mind when trying to assess the part played by day Review in 1934. Even the liberal-minded atrocities against the Jews was Russian- the British newspapers in pre-war poUtics in Contemporary Review spoke of the Jews' inspired." general, and their attitude towards the Jews " mocking, cynical, destructive kind of outlook, under Nazi rule and the refugees in particular. wholly at variance with the robust patriotism Dr. Sharf devotes a special chapter to the Dr. Andrew Sharf, head of the Department and simplicity of Ufe of the ordinary German ". attitude of the British Press towards the refu of Political History at the University of Bar- The Evening News made itself the spokesman gees. It is, as we all know only too well, not llan, Israel, has made that attempt, and the of that sector of the public which believed that one of the most glorious chapters in the book he has published*, though crammed with any protest against Germany's behaviour history of Fleet Street, nor of certain sections diUgently collected facts and quotations, must towards the Jews was an attempt at inter of the professional classes. Some papers therefore be studied with a certain caution. vening in her domestic affairs. After a mass excelled in nastiness, such as the Daily Still, it is extremely useful, and the Institute meeting in September, 1933, at which Albert Express when it said in 1933, under the of Race Relations in London, which commis Einstein, Sir WilUam Beveridge and Sir heading " Britons—Help Britons", that sioned it, has to be congratulated on its Austen Chamberlain had been among the " British Jews are actively resisting the initiative. speakers, the paper was indignant about this influx of foreign refugees who take jobs which Dr. Sharf singles out three national dailies ' piece of alien agitation on British soil", British Jews should hold " ; and in 1938, the which published the fullest and most accurate whose promoters " ask nothing better than Sunday Express complained : " They are over reports on the situation of the German Jews that it shall make bad blood between this running the country. They are trying to enter after 1933. The Times (though its comments country and Germany ". the medical profession in great numbers. They were sometimes strange), the Manchester Only the Manchester Gtiardian assessed the wish to practise as dentists. Worst of all. Guardian (now the Guardian) and the Daily situation correctly right from the start, and in many of them are holding themselves out to Telegraph. On the other hand, the " popular " 1935 it wrote : " Those who hoped that the the public as psycho-analysts." In short, the Press had a somewhat different approach to Nazis would grow more ' moderate"... will Beaverbrook Press was " enjoying its silly our problems ; they were only interested in have been disiUusioned. . . . The Terror is season", as the New Statesman called it, asking, " Are the Jews news ? " and " How organised and organic : organised by the Nazi " with its usual irresponsibility ". And as late does such news fit in with our political line at leaders and an organic part of the political as 1943 the Evening News protested, ' Food the moment ? " In the year before the war system they have established." In the same Shops Open on Sunday : Aliens Take Unfair there was a great deal of competition between year, the Economist declared that there was Advantage". No doubt, the " Intern-the-lot " the popular papers, and our troubles were, as " practically no anti-Jewish feeling in Germany spirit lingered on for quite a long time in a rule, not reported and commented upon from other than among the Nazi leaders". Shortly certain editorial offices. the humanitarian angle but from the point of afterwards. The Times pubUshed one of the Despite a good many errors, wrong dates and view of " saleability ". Thus, tha Beaverbrook strangest headUnes in all its history. When glaring misspellings (why not employ a Press—says Dr. Sharf—had decided that there the Nazis expropriated a Jewish-owned factory German-born proof-reader?), Andrew Sharf's could be good news value in the Jewish ques in Thuringia, the story was headed " Nazi book is a most useful contribution to con tion, and so we got sympathetic " coverage" Experiment in Socialism " ! temporary history. Its moral is obvious, and from the Daily Express and the Sunday Express The Kristallnacht should have opened every it should help to steel us against the self- at the time of Hitler's coming to power. For British journaUst's eyes. But did it ? The glorification and pro domo pubUcity of some the same reasons, however, their attitude odd reaction of the Daily Express was a leader papers which would like us to believe in their changed later on. But there were some odd headed " Pray for Tolerance", a virtue to high ethical principles. If we found our feet comments in other sections of the Press. In which " we must dedicate ourselves anew" in this country, it was without their help and 1934, for instance, the Daily Worker beat its and at whose shrine the British people should often despite their hindrance. Fortunately, special political drum with the headline " worship ". No word about helping the vic their influence on the opinion of the British "Wealthy Jews to Stay" (in Germany), while tims. The News Chronicle, however, printed people is disputable, and it was, after all, the the Catholic Herald thought that the only an eye-witness account of S.S. atrocities at British people who accepted us and made us effective defence for the Jews in Germany Sachsenhausen after the Kristallnacht, and feel at home. would be a CathoUc government, and when the Hilaire Belloc commented in the Weekly first reports of antisemitic outrages arrived Review : " To those who know the Prussian from Nazi Germany this paper commented that spirit and its traditions, the horrible picture the Jews had done the same things to the presented here is not impossible ", but he was Christian population of Soviet Russia. The not sure whether it was true. 'This attitude W. HERZ Scotsman ventured, in 1933, to inform its of scepticism persisted right until, after the readers that German antisemitism might [sic] outbreak of the war, the British Government (Novelties) have " semi-official backing", but The Times published its famous, rather belated White dared to predict that " the war against the Paper concerning " the treatment of German LIMITED Jews in Germany . . . will at least not be waged Nationals in Germany ", based on documents with either the irresponsible brutality that which it had had a long time in its possession (Usgraced its earlier phase or with the organ but had not used in the era of Chamberlain's ised thoroughness of an official campaign", appeasement. on the slender evidence that the boycott of " Such stories will not be new at least to April, 1933, had been "officially" called off readers of this paper ", claimed the Guardian, Princess House, Eastcastle St., by the Nazi government! For a considerable with justification. " It would have been better, period The Times continued to give Hitler the perhaps, if . . . members of the Government London, W.l benefit of the doubt; after all, he was (from had done more ... to enlighten pubUc opinion 1935) the Head of State of a foreign Power. here." Time and Tide commented, "It is 'Phone: MUSeum 3767 * The British Press and Jews under Nazi Rttle. indeed all the more unpleasant to recollect Oxford University Press, 1964. 30s. that Mr. Chamberlain was fully informed of 66 AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 Page 7 he of Birthday Tribute to our Chairman Old Acquaintances On January 3, our Chairman, Mr. Alfred excel in a spirit of responsibility, mutual Mile.sioiie>: Siegfried Arno, who was born ^- Dresel, will celebrate his 75th birthday. understanding and personal comradeship, in Hamburg and began as a fashion designer, AU members of the AJR are indebted to it is due to the adroit way in which the celebrated his 70th birthday in Hollywood. He hini for his guidance and his decisive con Chairman conducts the deliberations. started acting after the First World War and tribution to the steady expansion of our The work for the Homes has always been in 1924 partnered Grete Freund at Berlin's work. particularly close to his heart and, as a Komische Oper. His first film appearance was Trained as a lawyer, he held a respon- member of the Management Committee, he in 1927 in " In Werder bluehn wieder die ?ible position with the old-estabUshed bank has been associated with this important Baeume ". Under the direction of Charell he ing house of Mendelssohn & Co. in Berlin task from the very beginning. He is con played and danced in " The White Horse Inn ", hefore he came to this country in 1938. stantly occupied with the day-to-day ques " Casanova " and " The Three Musketeers ". when the restitution and compensation tions which comprise matters of general His biggest screen success was " Um eine laws were enacted, he became the trusted policy, of finances and admission, and of Nasenlaenge ". In Hollywood Arno appeared 'egal adviser to many victims of the Nazi new building schemes. in ChapUn's " The Great Dictator ". He also regime. At the same time, he has, through As a member of the London Executive of toured the States in " Song of Norway " and out the years, devoted an exceedingly great the Council of Jews from Germany, Mr. " The Merry Widow ". amount of his time to the cause of the Dresel has, for many years, also been one .4usiria: Curd Juergens is in John Osborne's AJR. A Board member since the inception of the Council's leading spokesmen in " Richter in eigener Sache", directed by ot the organisation, he joined the Execu questions of restitution and compensation. Ulrich Erfurth, at the Burg.—Robert Stolz tive after the war, became a Vice-Chairman Whenever need arises—and there has been again conducted the New Year's Eve perform m 1954 and was elected Chairman in 1964. no lack of emergency situations—he is ance of " Fledermaus " at the State Opera.— Two traits stand out among his manifold ready to travel to Germany, and the manner Lilh Palmer. Antony Steele and Daniel Gelin qualifications : his skill as a negotiator and in which he puts our case has been effec are in " Zwei Girls vom roten Stern ", directed nis human kindness. The unreserved sin tive in many instances. As Chairman of by Sammy Drechsel.—Christiane Hoerbiger cerity with which he represents the the Leo Baeck Charitable Trust, he takes a will take the part of Gretchen in this year's interests of the AJR has won him the responsible part in the administration of the production of " Faust " at Salzburg.—Heinrich respect and trust of all who have had funds allocated to the Council for the imple Schnitzler produced Anouilh's " Armer Bitos " uealings with him. Averse to any kind of mentation of constructive welfare schemes at the Josefstaut.—Eva Kerbler of Israel, diplomacy", he succeeds by his straight- in various parts of the world. Kaethe Gold, Alma Seidler, Johanna Matz and lorwardness, flexibility, perseverance and Josef Meinrad appeared in " Peer Gynt " at unshakable optimism. His grasp of the the Burg, directed by Adolf Rott. ^ider issues is coupled with an astounding Uome VPH\S: Martin Miller will again take ^ense of detail. Anxious to arrive at just the part of Dr. Einstein in a West End revival decisions he never loses sight of the fact of " Arsenic and Old Lace ". This is probably mat the fate of human beings is at stake. the first time that an actor plays the same part Under his guidance the AJR Executive after 23 years.—Renee Goddard, the Berlin- If tv. a close team of fellow workers, born head of ATV's script department, married Stuart Hood, formerly of Rediffusion. t the regular Executive Meetings at which —Erika Slezak, thc 19-year-old daughter of ne activities of the Executive Members in Walter Slezak, made her debut in Anouilh's neir particular spheres are co-ordinated. " The Rehearsal" at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.—Nigel Kneale, son-in-law of the late Alfred Kerr, scripted Orwell's " 1984 " on B.B.C. TV.—Gerard Heinz appears in " Say Who You Are " at Her Majesty's.—Hans Juda was elected Chairman of London's Central School ol Arts and Crafts.—Paintings by Lilli Palmer were shown at the Tooth Gallery.— ROLAND, BROWSE Frank Marcus wrote the successful play " The Killing of Sister George ", running at the Duke of York Theatre. He came to this country Those who know Mr. Dresel personally as a refugee in 1939, at the age of eleven. & will agree that his appearance and his I .S.A.: The conductor Richard Lert, Vicki vigour belie his age. He still enjoys a swim Baum's widower, received the German Order of and a brisk walk in his beloved Swiss Alps, Merit in Los Angeles.—Hedy Lamarr is to act and he bears the burden of his duties with as hostess for the TV show " Shindig ".—Greta DELBANCO imperturbable cheerfulness. His birthday Keller performed for Wiener Klub members gives us the welcome opportunity of thank at Los Angeles' Lindy Opera House.—Marlene ing him for all he has done for us, wishing Dietrich, who will visit Israel again in him many happy returns and looking for February, has been awarded the Medallion of ward to many more years of happy Valour of the State of Israel. 19 Cork Street. W.l. co-operation. Ottiiiinrv: The 90-year-old actress, Julie Serda, widow of Hans Junkermann, died in REGent 7984 Dresden. She once appeared opposite Josef UNIVERSITY APPOINTMENTS Kainz in " Romeo and Juliet ".—Jakob Wasser mann's widow, Martha (nee Karlweis), died in Baroness Gaitskell is to receive the honorary Lugano at the age of 77. She returned to degree of Doctor of Laws, and Miss Fanny Europe only last summer, after having prac Waterman that of Master of Arts, from the Leeds University. Miss Waterman is inter tised as a doctor in Canada for many years. hny German paintings by nationally known as a teacher of talented Germany: W. Dieterle will direct " Mongo- young concert pianists and is. in private life, lenschlacht" in Krefeld.—Kurt Schwabach the wife of Dr. Geoffrey M. de Keyser. became an honorary member of the German well-known artists. It is hoped that the conferment will take hit song writers' organisation.—Erwin Leiser, place in May, on the occasion of the installa of " Mein Kampf " fame, is to become head of tion as Chancellor of the University of the Berlin's Film Academy.—Ludwig Berger will Duchess of Kent. celebrate his 50th anniversary as an author Mr. Mac Goldsmith, a Leicester industriaUst, has been made treasurer of Leicester Univer with the production of his own operetta, sity. He came to this country as a refugee " Walzerkrieg ', in Munich.—Werner Finck from Germany and built up an important indus gave a most successful report in Munich of trial concern in Leicester. A generous contri his American lecture tour.—Detlef Sierck will butor to cliaritable causes, his gifts include a direct " Der Parasit" with Kurt Meisel in municipal gramophone library named after Munich. him. Mr. Goldsmith is a member of the AJR and of several local Jewish organisations. PEM ( Page 8 AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 of determination. She knew where her duty lay and she was not in the least afraid of the HANNAH KARMINSKI HOUSE OPENED consequences. That means courage of a very high order. In pursuit of her duty she died." On December 12, 1965, Hannah Karminski Mr. Dresel expressed thanks to the archi Referring to his and Lady Karminski's long House, the new Communal Centre of the AJR tect, Mr. F. H. Herrmann, who had been in standing association with the Jewish Welfare at 9 Adamson Road, Swiss Cottage, was charge of the rather difficult conversion work, Board Sir Seymour also expressed his apprecia declared open by the Mayor of Camden, and to the committee members who had tion of the contacts between the AJR and the I Councillor Samuel Fisher, J.P. Other speakers worked and planned with him. He also Welfare Board which had always been a very at the function were Rabbi Dr. G. Salzberger, thanked those who had spontaneously made close and affectionate one, and would, he Sir Seymour Karminski (a first cousin of the donations towards the equipment of the house. hoped, continue so to be. late Hannah Karminski) and Mrs. M. Jacoby. In conclusion Mr. Dresel expressed the hope The guests included a number of honorary that the social work carried out by the AJR Mrs. Margaret Jacoby, co-chairman of the officers of the AJR and representatives of at Hannah Karminski House would also be AJR Club, who had co-operated with Hannah several organisations with which the AJR a useful contribution to the welfare work of Karminski in the Jewish Women's League in co-operates. the Borough of Camden and to Jewish welfare Germany, described Hannah Karminski as a work in general. woman deeply rooted in her Jewish belief, In his welcoming address Mr. A. S. Dresel, The chairman's introductory words were of high ethical principles, resolute, gentle and chairman of the AJR. stated that the AJK followed by the address of the Mayor: " This cheerful. With her youthful approach to the had always considered it as one of its tasks is a most important event," Councillor Fisher activities of the Jewish Women's League she to look also after those elderly people v/ho were said, " important in the history of your coped with her manifold tasks outstandingly. not accon»modated in one of the Homes. For organisation and in the Uves of the people At the meetings she managed to pacify the their benefit the AJR Club had been founded who look to you for help, advice and guidance sometimes rather controversial views which ten years ago. The premises at arose through the structure of the Zion House, where the club met, League, including Liberal, Ortho soon proved too small, and now, at dox and Zionist groups. When the last, it had become possible to dark days started in 1933 she made provide larger and more suitable herself responsible for resettling premises for the club. The facili the many dismissed Jewish women ties offered at Hannah Karminski social workers, and later, together House, Mr. Dresel said, also put with the speaker, she organised the AJR under the obligation, and the immigration of .Tewish women a very welcome obligation indeed, and girls as domestics to this to make the best possible use of country. them, and the activities of the Turning to the AJR Club, club would, therefore, be consider initiated by Dr. Adelheid Levy, ably expanded. Apart from the club Mrs. Jacoby recalled that starting rooms the house comprised a with six members in one small meeting hall which, it was hoped, room without any facilities, the would also be of use to other From left to right: Sir Seymour Karminski. the Mayor of Camden, Mr. club had. in its tenth year, Jewish organisations. There were A. S. Dresel, the Mayoress, Rabbi Dr. G. Salzherger and Mrs. M. Jacoby expanded to a family of more than also eight rooms on the upper 200. It had become the home for floors which were let as bed-sitting rooms with and, indeed, equally important in the Ufe of all the lonely amongst us who never before cooking facilities to people with modest means. the London Borough of Camden. We have had any contact with their fellow refugees The funds for the acquisition and conversion within the boundaries of this borough possibly and who now know where they belong, in an of the house had derived from the proceeds the widest variety of different kinds of people atmosphere of cheerfulness and with the ever of the heirless Jewish property in Germany. from different parts of the world, different helping hand of Mrs. Schachne. However, while the Old Age Homes, which colours and creeds and geographical areas. " We who were fortunate enough to work were also financed from these funds, had been And we are very pleased that it is so, because with Hannah Karminski knew her greatness of bought in the name of the C.B.F., Hannah we feel that if people are able to get together mind and her deep devotion to the .Jewish Karminski House was the first property owned and to know and understand each other then cause which led her to the bitter end. I hope by the AJR, there is hope for the future." and wish with all my heart that in this house The Mayor said that, as in the case of there will always prevail the spirit and the previous immigrations to this country, Britain spell of Hannah Karminski." had also benefited from the influx of the At the end of the dignified and impressive refugees from Nazi oppression. ceremony, a vote of thanks to the speakers Turning to the work in the borough he said was moved by Mr. W. M. Behr, vice-chairman Ackermans that Camden had a reputation for being pro of the AJR. gressive and forward looking in many fields of public and social service and, not least CHANUCAH CELEBRATION OF AJR CLUB amongst them, was the specific care of older Chocolates people. He hoped that the AJR would join One week after the official opening of De Luxe hands with the social services organisations Hannah Karminski House, the AJR Club, for of Camden. He also promised that, whenever the first time celebrated Chanucah in its newly IN BEAUTIFULLY need should arise, the Borough of Camden acquired premises. Almost 200 members and would gladly assist the AJR in its important their friends attended the function. They were DESIGNED work. welcomed by the co-chairmen. Mrs. M. lacoby PRESENTATION Rabbi Dr. G. Salzberger in his address and Mrs. G. Schachne. The Chanucah Ughts BOXES referred to the approaching festival of Chanu- were kindled by Rabbi Dr. G. Salzberger. The eah. The word "Chanucah", he said, was main address was delivered by Mrs. Dora MARZIPAN also applied to the consecration of a Jewish SegaU, a member of the Club Committee since home, for every Jewish home was to be a its inception, who had worked with Hannah SPEOALITIES little sanctuary. He had known Hannah Karminski in the offices of the Jewish Women's Karminski in her youth when she worked with DIABETIC League and, later, of the Reichsvertretung. Bertha Pappenheim in Frankfurt/Main. " I Mrs. Segall's well-balanced address, in the shall never forget her. We, who by God's CHOCOLATES grace have survived the mass murder of six course of which she also quoted from letters million Jews, pledge ourselves today to keep written by Hannah Karminski during the early 43, KENSINGTON CHURCH ST., years of the war, was a most moving experi LONDON, W.8 her brave spirit alive in this home". Rabbi Dr. Salzberger then recited the 30th Psalm, a ence. On behalf of the AJR Executive, Mr. WES. 4359 and Psalm for the dedication of a home. A. S. Dresel expressed the good wishes of the AJR for the future work of the Club. After 9, GOLDHURST TERRACE, Speaking as the representative of the late Hannah Karminski's family. Sir Seymour the addresses musical recitals were rendered FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.6 Karminski said : " Hannah was a very modest by the mezzo soprano Katinka Seiner (accom MAI. 2742 woman and a very gentle one, but underneath panied by Adela Kotowska) and the trio. Max those qualities she had a tremendous sense Streat, Paul Blumenfeld and Herbert Kruh. AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 Page 9

Erich Gottgetreu (Jerusalem) author of the " Reisetagebuecher" that were later published by Count Kayserling). It is not clear whether the Russian Govern PRINTER OF THE ROEDELHEIM MACHZOR ment showed more than polite interest in Baschwitz's suggestions. Bicentenary of the Birth of Baruch Baschwitz We do not know whether Baruch Baschwitz left a large fortune as a result His likeness engraved in steel, depicting Baruch and Jehuda Levi. Caiman and Zwi of all the talents that he possessed. Tlie a wide-browed, inteUigent and self- Hirsch also acted as publishers. obituary notice stresses that many of the assured man, hangs in my study next to an Baruch Baschwitz, however, made for " poor and deserving " were present at the old print of Frankfurt-on-Oder, where himself the greatest career of them all. He funeral of their benefactor and that at Baruch Baschwitz was born on December learnt type-setting from his father, who his death various philanthropic institutions o, 1/65. He was my great-great-grandfather also initially taught him Hebrew. By the mourned the passing of their founder. on my mother's side. age of seventeen he was already employed One of the five sons of Baruch, my great We know about his ancestors from the as a factor in a Berlin printing works. In grandfather, Jacob Baswitz—the family family tree which my mother gave me 1793 he settled in Holland where, in 1795, adopted the revised spelling of the name ?nd which I took with me from Germany in he married my great-great-grandmother, in 1828—inherited the gift for the lottery 1933 ; I told myself that the Nazi control Clara Benedictus from Rotterdam, who was business, which he carried on jointly with post on the frontier would hardly bother to ten years younger and also outlived him his cousin, H. C. Baswitz. They also had examine this enormous document and so by ten years—she died in 1846. a forwarding business and acquired high discover that on one branch there appears " Events arising out of the French inva civic honours ; Jacob was for many years an aunt of Vice-Police President Bernhard sion of Holland," as it says of him in an a Councillor of the Municipality of Frank Weiss whom Goebbels was anxiously seek obituary in the journal " Didaskalia— furt-on-Oder. ing, and on another, a Johanna Baswitz, Blatter fiir Geist, Gemuth und Publizitat" My grandfather. Max Baswitz, continued with her husband Albert Rathenau. {Frankfort-on-Main), caused Baruch Basch- the forwarding business and also dealt in The family tree goes back to Baruch witz's return to Germany. In Frankfurt- groceries ; book-printing reappeared in his Haschwitz's grandfather, the Hebrew on-Main he became acquainted with the as son, Hermann Baswitz, who settled in Ber printer Zwi Hirsch Baschwitz, born in 1680 yet unknown " Grammarian and Masorite " lin but, in accordance with the trend of in Brest-Litowsk, who was still a member of Wolf Benjamin Heidenheim, and in 1799 German-Jewish assimilation, only produced the guild of "itinerant printers," at that founded jointly with him the " Oriental- German works. time a common way of exercising the ische und Occidentalische Buchdruckerei" The Hebrew press in Roedelheim founded sacred profession," as it was called when in Roedelheim, where " all books were by Heidenheim and Baschwitz was carried It related to the printing of prayer books. printed according to a critical text and very on by successors for a long period and over *^rom 1701-1707 he worked in BerUn at the carefully corrected " (Juedisches Lexikon). a hundred editions of the Heidenheim Hebrew press of Court Preacher Professor Permission to establish the Roedelheim Machzor were produced. Probably, David Ernst Jablonsky. Press was given to Baschwitz and Heiden thousands of copies are still in existence. His son, Meir Hirsch Baschwitz, born heim by Count Vollrath von Solms-Roedel- Recently I was travelling in a bus in Jeru about 1715 in Dyrenfurth, learnt the print heim, who also granted them exemption salem and addressed the man sitting next ing trade from his father. From 1733-1740 from taxation. to me because I noticed the beautiful he worked in Berlin where a new edition of The press had its most successful year typography of an old Hebrew book he was ihe Talmud was being prepared, and on in 1800 when Heidenheim's edition of reading. To excuse my indiscretion I August 16, 1742, he obtained a permanent " Sefer Kerovot Hamachsor" appeared remarked : " I must explain that one of my position in the University Press at Frank- with a commentary and German transla ancestors printed prayer books in Roedel turt-on-Oder, of which he eventually tion (also printed in Hebrew characters) heim," whereupon the driver of the bus became the manager. together with an excursus on the liturgical turned in his seat and broke into the con He brought up four of his five sons to poets, a linguistically well-contrived work, versation: " I've still got a Roedelheim De printers: Caiman, the eldest, Zwi Hirsch, which caused Zunz later to describe Machzor at home." Heidenheim as the " Mendelssohn of the Machzor." Yet despite the approval by scholars, the Roedelheim Press ran into financial difficulties in the following years, and as a result the partners separated in With the Compliments of 1806. Baschwitz disposed of his share to Heidenheim and turned to new enterprises, PASMAN FABRICS in particular to the launching of lottery bonds. Hofrat Klugler in Roedelheim pro vided him with the necessary introductions LIMITED to the leading statesmen and finance ministers of the time. DICK & GOLDSCHMIDT According to " Didaskalia " Baschwitz prepared schemes on behalf of a number of European powers for loans " which LTD thereafter not only contributed largely to the enrichment of the public coffers and the extension of public credit, but also to an increase in private well-being." And the journal continues : " He can in particular be thanked for the reduction in interest rates and for the system of loans under 5 per cent, which he was the first to intro duce through his well-contrived and clever plans." Some of his projects, partly developed in conjunction with Hcfrat C. Witterich, for the founding of credit asso ciations and the execution of railway and canal schemes, were, however, copied by others " so that the initiator did not receive the reward for his labours and talents that he had earned and needed for the support of his large family." 45 Great Marlborough St., W.l London W.l In 1833 Baschwitz was received by Tsar Telephone : GERrard 6291/2/ ? Nicholas I and his Finance Minister, Count Jegor Franzewitsch Cankrin (the author of important works on economics, correspon dent of Alexander von Humboldt and Page 10 AJR INFORMATION January, 1966

F. Reinach nineteenth century, he chiefly considers the conservative and Uberal trends. The conser vative thinkers were still influenced by the Wl THE ROOTS OF THE CATASTROPHE earlier political romanticism and the idea th of German superiority, but politically they jo gradually gave pride of place to the liberals. sis Hans Kohn's Assessment of the German Mind The real fatality of German history is seen L; in the fact that the German liberals, and m How could it have happened ? This is the individual but was a purpose in itself. In his especially the National Liberals, finally ar ever-perplexing question still puzzling the lectures delivered in 1810 in Berlin, MUUer embraced the idea of German " Weltmacht- th historian or psychologist alike, who tries to propounded his belief in German uniqueness se understand the rise of National SociaUsm to and greatness and expressed the hope that one politik" and of the power-state, abandoning power. Are we to agree with Hans Rothfels, day a confederation of European nations would at the same time true liberalism, as it was who argues in his work on " The German fly the German flag. understood in Western Europe by such states Opposition to Hitler " - that the rise to power Friedrich Schlegel first claimed German men as Gladstone. of National Socialism in 1933 was mainly due superiority only in the cultural sphere, but The leading liberal historians, Baumgarten, to a unique combination of circumstances at later he changed into a political nationaUst. Droysen and Treitschke, were overawed by one particular moment of history (e.g., He held that the citizens of a true nation Bismarck's successful foreign policy, applauded a world economic crisis, the Versailles Treaty, should be bound together by their very blood, Prussian militarism and upheld the concept the powerlessness of the Weimar RepubUc, that there should be only one common of power to the detriment of individual free the "Fiihrer's" personaUty) ? Or could it be language [sic /] and that backward peoples dom and real political liberalism. Had Prussia said that Nazism as the Gerinan brand of should not be assimilated, as was the practice not been right in attacking the smaller Fascism was mainly imported from abroad, and belief of the French in the nineteenth German states in the eighteen-sixties, Baum that Hitler's personality was alien to the century, whom he, in any case, considered garten asked, as it was in danger of being German character, that even the race doctrine as " a corrupt nation", threatened with " encircled," an excuse used again and again did not originate in Germany and that National " total annihilation ". Arndt, known to us as later on for aggression ; and how could the Socialism has few German roots ? a writer of warlike songs, had an almost reli middle classes understand the situation, as the ordinary citizen was only born to work and Hans Kohn, in his historical study, " The gious belief in a German Volk held together by a common language, common descent and not to be a statesman ? Treitschke was so Mind of Germany ",t does not agree with obsessed with the idea of the power state that either of these explanations. The author, a purity of race. He hated humanitarianism and " Jewish one-worldism." after 1870 he advocated the annexation of native of Prague, is Professor of History at foreign lands in the East and West, even the CoUege of the City of New York. U.S.A., The next three writers dealt with in the against the will of the people. No wonder and an authority on the subject of nationalism book, " Father " Jahn, the historian Riihs and that this narrow-minded nationalist did not in Central and Eastern Europe and the Middle the literary historian Wolfgang Menzel, aU approve of any degree of separateness for East. He sees a connection between the rise held a fanatical belief in the Germans' special the German Jews and can well be considered of National Socialism and certain attitudes of mission and their superiority. From our point an antisemite. Professor Kohn levels similar mind, which have come to light in the course of view Christian Friedrich Riihs is of par criticism against German liberals of the next of German history. ticular interest. He was very influential in generation (Max Weber, Friedrich Naum.ann) ; Not only under Adolf Hitler, but as early as university circles during the first half of the he quotes the historian J. P. Mayer as saying the Middle Ages, and especially under the nineteenth century and also became the official that the Machtstaat idea was the leitmotif of Hohenstaufen and the Emperor Barbarossa, historian of the Prussian State. He was not Weber's thought and this never changed Germans beUeved that theirs was a particular only strongly anti-Jewish, but also hated the throughout his life. national mission, given to them by destiny, French violently and called them " the villain In the last part of the book a whole chapter which prompted them to conquer foreign terri ous and odious race". He rejected Jewish is devoted to Wagner and his time. This tories in Italy and elsewhere. When this emancipation as being incompatible with seems justified, as we are now aware of the mission had failed (as it did again twice in German nationalism and wanted the Jews pernicious influence Wagner's primitive cult the twentieth century) they still clung to their excluded from most spheres of public Ufe. He of Wotan and its heathen mythology and his emperor, who, they thought, was not dead but went back to the Middle Ages in his suggestion crude antisemitism has had on the German only asleep in the Kyffhauser mountain and that they should wear a yellow patch on their mind. There follows an assessment of a would rise again to lead them to renewed dress. number of modern German writers wiiich is glory: even then they showed themselves The chapter which follows these rantings of stimulating, even if one does not always agree unwilling to face hard facts and desired a so-called intellectuals, is completely devoted to national warrior hero, a " hidden saviour ". Heinrich Heine. There are, as we know, many Continued on page 11, column 1 Things changed for the better in the facets to Heine's complicated and many-sided eighteenth century. This was the age of personality, but he is seen here chiefly as the enlightenment, when Germany became open to German romantic poet and the faithful but Western ideas. Professor Kohn caUs it the balanced lover of his German Fatherland. Few century of Goethe, the humanitarian and citizen exiles remained as loyal to the country of their of the world. It was a period of German birth as Heine, who steadfastly refused to history when national sentiments had little become a naturalised Frenchman, and who appeal. Goethe liked to compare the Germans even reflected that a German gaol might not to the Jews, who were valuable as individuals be such a bad thing, because it was at least a but miserable as a people, an opinion obviously home, though with iron bars, and German air determined by his time. Even during the would blow through them. His love of poetry Wars of Liberation he would not allow his son of the German Middle Ages was so great that to fight against Napoleon, whom he had always on his arrival in Paris he went straight to the held in the highest esteem. Royal Library and asked to be shown the However, a decisive further change took tamous Manesse manuscript of the German place in the early nineteenth century. This Minnesingers, which the French had removed was the age of literary Romanticism, the time from Heidelberg in the seventeenth century ; of great imaginative writers, such as the he believed German poetry was infinitely brothers Schlegel. Novalis and Eichendorff. grander and more glorious than French poesie Unfortunately for Germany, these admirable lyriqtie. He held that there was a spiritual romantic poets and thinkers also turned their kinship between Germans and Jews, and that attention to philosophy and political thought, German emancipation for which he worked thereby looking back longingly to the Middle would also lead to Jewish emancipation. How Ages. different he was from that other outstanding In opposition to the then prevalent liberal German poet in exile, Rainer Maria Rilke. philosophy and misinterpreting the EngUsh RUke exiled himself voluntarily from Germany. Conservative philosopher Burke, the poet France (apart from Russia) became his Novalis and the poUtical philosopher Adam spiritual home and Germany was mostly alien MUUer romanticised the State which, in their to him. He learnt the French language to view, did not just exist for the benefit of the perfection, and the French poet Paul Valerie and the artist Rodin became his masters. • English edition published by O. Wolff, London, 1962. 18s. t Hans K ohn : The Mind of Germany. Macmillan, When the author comes to a discussion of 1961. 30s. poUtical thought in the second half of the APIOOB AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 Page 11 I The Roots of the Catastrophe Michael Freeden (Jerusalem) with all the conclusions as for instance in the case of Thomas Mann. Readers of this JERUSALEM'S STUDENTS FOR RELATIONS journal will be particularly interested in the significance of the antisemitism of Lagarde, WITH GERMAN YOUTH Langbehn and Konstantin Frantz. Their ideas At the end of a dramatic five-hour session ness of the German youth to atone for their luay have to be dealt with in a separate the Students' Council of the Hebrew Univer country's past. However, they too agreed article, but it may just be mentioned here that sity decided to establish bilateral relations that the efforts of the German students' the author sees again the root of their anti with similar students' organisations in Ger organisation, DIS, which aims at fostering semitism in their common hostility to Western many. understanding with the academic youth of hberalism. Until now, the repeated attempts by German Israel, should not be rebuffed. I The main thread running through the book student organisations to make contact with Others went further and favoured the crea •^ Ibis: The twentieth century is the child of their Israeli counterparts had met with little tion of a permanent framework, as suggested the nineteenth. At that time in Germany response, and although Israeli students are by the Germans. They also stressed the moral the mythical conception of a German VoTtcstum reputed to be politically dormant, the appoint aspects : by helping to prevent a recurrence emerged, an overwhelming desire for an all- ment of a German ambassador to Israel was of the past, Israeli students would fulfil a powerful state, a worship of power as such the occasion for a series of protests. However, certain mission. They did not deny that many and a simultaneous denial of Western and the very fact of the governmental attitude young Germans had failed to denounce the hberal values. These components, together towards Germany has also created a foothold deeds of their parents, but they also reminded With Prussian efficiency and miUtarism, were for those students who are willing to open a their fellow-students that wide sections of the ^e intellectual foundations out of which dialogue with German youth. young German intelligentsia pressed for a Hitlerism grew. The decision of the Hebrew University complete break with the past and for a It may be argued against this conception Students' Council is all the more surprising reformulation of the values of their society. that the nineteenth century was the age of as in the past a number of reverse resolutions These groups should be encouraged. Lastly, nationalism not only in Germany but in the were passed on the same subject. Referendums they also put forward a practical considera whole of Europe. The author's answer to held at the Haifa Technion and at the Tel Aviv tion : the efficacy of the Arab students' propa this would appear to be obvious : he dislikes and Bar-llan Universities returned clearly ganda in Germany could only be counteracted the arrogance and self-glorification which so negative votes, and so did the National Union if there was adequate representation of Israeli Olten became manifest in German history. of Israel Students, which embodies all Israel students amidst the German youth. "6 insists on the rights of other nations and student organisations but whose resolutions In the final vote, the motion supportinjg national groups and, above all, on moral and are merely recommendations. bilateral relations received a solid majority of ethical standards. According to him, Weber The discussion which preceded the decision 13 to 7, with 3 abstentions. This means that ?nd Naumann, both of them " progressive," was intelligent and balanced, despite the now official IsraeU student groups will visit ^ 'ntellectual leaders, believed that politics had strong personal feeUngs which many students Germany and vice versa. It was, however, I nothing to do with ethics, their nationalism harbour against social and cultural exchanges made clear that the initiative bad to come I Was merely a sacro egoismo, which had no with Germans. from the German organisations and that each human and universal ideas to offer. Yet in Not one of the members of the Council specific request would be examined by the ^^rofessor Kohn's view the ultimate spiritual rejected contacts with German youth uncon Actions Committee of the Council. In view values are of paramount importance, because ditionally. However, some wished to restrict of the experimental nature of the decision it Political success achieved in disregard of these relations to a bare minimum. They was also agreed that the situation should be other people's rights, has proved itself again were against the encouragement of an reviewed after a certain time. and again but transitory. exchange and against visits to Germany by A protest against the Council's resolution . The book is all the more convincing, as Israeli students. In their view, the happen was signed by a number of students who dis Its style is restrained and its language always ings under the Nazi regime had made the agree with the views of their representatives. jnoderate. In spite of its cautionary approach, establishment of normal relations with Ger This only iUustrates the grave impediments there is a note of optimism running through many impossible. Their decisive consideration in the way of any rapprochement between the this work. was that they did not believe in the willing- two peoples.

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Telephone : LANgham 4069 Grams.: FLEXATEX LONDON, TELEX. INT. TELEX 2-3540 Page 12 AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 Letter from Jerusalem refresher courses. Most up-to-date is the Department of Psychology, established and staffed by American scientists who settled in this country. An interesting venture is TEN YEARS BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY the Institute of Criminology set up in co-op eration with the Ministries of Police and Ten years have passed since, in Ramat leader of the World Mizrachi Movement, the Social Welfare. Gan, a garden city adjoining Tel Aviv, 19 university was founded by the Mizrachi teachers and 90 students met in 31 courses Organisation of America. Soon it became While the Hebrew University in Jeru to bridge two seemingly irreconcilable obvious that an institution of higher learn salem is, to a large extent, subsidised by realms of the spirit—reUgion and science, ing cannot operate within the framework the IsraeU Government, and the Tel Aviv belief and knowledge, tradition and of a political movement, and an indepen University is greatly helped by the Munici research. Since then the teaching staff has dent Board of Trustees was formed to pality, Bar-llan is independent. Only 40 grown to 320, the number of courses to formulate an over-all policy and to take per cent of its maintenance budget is pro 633, and there are now 2,000 students while charge of administration and finance. While vided by the State, apart from minor hundreds had to be turned away for lack it is easy to enrol students, it has become contributions by the Jewish Agency. Inde of space. increasingly difficult to find academic pendence is a costly luxury, and the The idea is unique in Jewish life, and teachers. Priority is given to teachers who " Friends of Bar-llan" in America and largely experimental: a secular university are religious; they form over 90 per cent of Europe have to safeguard its growth. A devoted to the search for scientific truth, the academic staff. However, in fields where noteworthy feature in securing its future and yet based on the tenets and teachings no conflict is expected, non-reUgious development is American aid, both on of Judaism. According to tradition, the scientists are also invited. There is, as was governmental and institutional levels. The earth is the centre of the Universe, man emphasised to me, complete academic free Abraham Lincoln Physics Wing was built the centre of the earth, facing Him who dom. No outside influences are allowed to with the aid of American counterpart created man in His image. Modern science interfere with the teacher's programime and funds, and the new library, to contain has destroyed the centrality of the earth presentation. The case of the well-known 500,000 volumes, is a donation by the Wurz and, having discovered similar and even Jewish historian. Professor Cecil Roth, has weiler Foundation of New York. larger cosmic bodies, rewritten the story often been quoted. Professor Roth, on So far 18 buildings have been erected on of creation and touched upon the relation retiring from Oxford, lectured at Bar-llan the campus. The expansion programme ship between man and God. as a visiting professor; when he was for the next two years foresees the con From its inception, Bar-llan University accused by outside Orthodox circles cf struction of four more large buildings. and its idea was assailed from two opposite " heresy," he was backed up by the Senate. Religious services, conducted by some of camps—the liberals and the Orthodox. The Out of 24 departments, 22 have been the students, are held in the university liberals doubted its ability to arrive at recognised by the Israeli Council on Higher synagogue daily. Here, it was pointed out to unbiased scientific results with the march Education to grant Bachelor and Master me, is the only public place on the campus ing route fixed to the religious dogma. The degrees; the two non-recognised depart where boys and girls are separated. Tlie extreme Orthodox were even more vocifer ments, in the natural sciences, have only University authorities want to devote the ous in their rejection. Bar-llan is not a recently been established. One hundred next few years to the consolidation and yeshiva and offers secular education which and forty students graduated last year ; 65 expansion of existing departments—with they discourage, and this on a co-educa per cent study humanities, 35 per cent one exception: the establishment of a tional basis, girls making up 60 per cent of natural sciences. Naturally, not all depart branch in Ashkelon which, in the begin the student body. This proportion, higher ments have an equal reputation. Out ning, will mainly concentrate on educa than in other universities, stems from the standing and, at the same time, the largest tional subjects, including courses for fact that humanities occupy a dominant one in humanities is that for Hebrew teachers. place in the syllabus, and, as a rule, girls literature, headed by Professor Baruch The Governmental Committee on Higher are inclined to prefer humanities. Criticism Kurzweil, the scholar and critic who last Education forecasts that there will be over has not prevented Bar-llan University from year won the Bialik prize. The Department 50,000 students in Israel in eight years' pursuing its aim to raise a generation of for Education has proportionally graduated time and that each institution will have to scholars and scientists who are familiar more teachers for secondary schools than more than double its present capacity. Bar- with the teachings and traditions of the other universities in Israel and has llan University hopes to reach this goal Judaism. attracted a large number of practising by the year 1970. Named after the late Rabbi Meir Bar-llan, teachers from all over the country to its H.F.

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The City Council would be very pleased to hear from AJR CHARITABLE TRUST Repairs and re-modelling of all kinds of furs, also repoirs and These are the ways in which you made-to-measure leather ond you and to be informed of your present address. We can help : suede wear of high quality. would then regularly supply you with news on happen CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER ings in our City, thus bringing you again into contact COVENANT ANDREW SZABO Furrier with your former home town. GIFTS IN YOUR LIFETIME A BEQUEST IN YOUR WILL 2nd floor, 32 Eastcastle Street, London, W.l (near Oxford Circus) STADTRAT DER LANDESHAUPTSTADT MUENCHEN Space donated by TRADE CUrrERS LIMITED. Britannia Workt. 25 St. Pancras Wav. 'Phone : LANgham 4116 N.W.1. AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 Page 13

DR. PHOEBUS TUTTNAUER IN MEMORIAM In January, 1965, the " Igul", an organisa tion of former members of the Zionist Studenl, DAME MYRA HESS OBERSCHWESTER KATHI SCHULHEIMER Societies of Vienna, celebrated the 75th birth-" Oberschwester Kathi Schulheimer starb am day of Dr. Phoebus Tuttnauer. Some days Dame Myra Hess, who died at the age of 4. Dezember 85 Jahre alt im Otto SchifE House, later he suddenly collapsed and after lying in 75, was born in Hampstead, London, of Ortho wo sie die letzten Jahre ihres Lebens wohl- a coma for several months he passed away on dox Jewish parents. One of the leading women behiitet und gepflegt verbrachte. November 29, 1965, in London. pianists in the world, she started her career Sie war unter den ersten jiidischen Kran- with a recital at the London Aeolian Hall in Phoebus Tuttnauer was born on January 19, 1908. kenschwestern, die nach Miinchen kamen, 1890, in Suczawa (Bukovina) and belonged to nachdem sie, etwa 1904, ihre Ausbildung in the Zionist Student Society " Tikva ". He was On the outbreak of war she helped in the Berlin bei Professor Israel, den sie hoch one of the organisers of the first Zionist evacuation of children from London. Later, verehrte, beendet hatte. Als in Miinchen das Grammar School Students' Congress which she organised the lunch-time concerts at the Jiidische Krankenhaus eroffnet wurde, iiber took place in Czernowitz in 1904. This Con National Gallery which continued on five days nahm sie als Oberschwester die Betreuung gress had to be held in secret because it was each week until 1946. In 1942 Dame Myra einer Abteilung. Sie hat diese Tatigkeit forbidden by the authorities. Berl Locker was l^ve a recital in London which raised over ausgeiibt, bis sie sich ins Privatleben elected president and Tuttnauer secretary. t2,000 for the Jewish National Fund and the zuriickzog. Together with Leo Schafler, the two embarked federation of Women Zionists. Aber die wohlverdiente Ruhe war ihr nur on a campaign to win the Jewish youth over to kurze Zeit vergonnt. Dann musste sie, gleich Zionism. Tuttnauer also helped Meir Ebner, uns alien, auswandern. Nach schweren a friend of Theodor Herzl's and delegate at MR. FRED KOHN Kampfen wurde es ihr hier wieder moglich the First Zionist Congress in Basle, to form gemacht, sich in ihrem alten Beruf zu Zionist groups and to propagate Zionism in The death is announced of Mr. Fred Kohn, betatigen, bis Krankheit und Alter sie Bukovina. ^ Holmdale Road, N.W.6, at the age of 75. zwangen, die Arbeit aufzugeben. Aber auch In Vienna, where Tuttnauer studied "Orn in Krefeld, he had a successful business dann noch half sie, wo immer sie konnte. career in Duesseldorf. medicine, he was president of the Zionist Kathi Schulheimer war mit ihrem ganzen union " Jordania". Later he became vice- With his English-born wife, Jeannette Frank- Herzen, Konnen und Denken ihrem Beruf president of the Zionist Federation in Austria Jin, he came to this country early in 1933. Their ergeben. Alle, die sie kannten, und besonders and of the "Igul". nome in Bournemouth soon became an impor wir Miinchener, werden immer in Dankbar Dr. Tuttnauer came to London as a refugee tant and hospitable centre for holding out a keit und Verehrung ihrer gedenken. in 1938. and here he continued his Zionist neiping hand to a large circle of people in dis P.S. activities. He was a member of the Executive tress, with particular emphasis on furthering DR. WILHELM FREYHAN tne education and training of the young. of the Jacob Ehrlich Society (Council of Dr. Wilhelm Freyhan died in Tel Aviv at Jews from Austria in Great Britain) and In later years Mr. Kohn was able to make the age of 82. Prior to his emigration, he helped to realise the project of Edwina Mount use of his thorough knowledge in the well- lived in Breslau, where he was a Board batten Forest (Galilee). JMiown university bookshop of Blackwell's at member of the Jewish community. To In 1955 Tuttnauer took up painting as a pit '^' *here he had to deal with very intri re-establish contacts between Jews from that hobby. Soon his work was recognised and cate matters of administration. On several city, he founded the " Verein ehemaliger exhibited in several London Galleries. " Tutt ^^^asions Mr. and Mrs. Kohn's house served Breslauer " in 1958. Dr. Freyhan also contri nauer ". wrote the Gunrdian. " is an outstand as the meeting place of the AJR local branch. buted articles to the latest editions of the ing artist " with " instinctive gifts for pattern • "yhe sympathy of all his friends, who appre- Year Books of the Breslau University. His and colour". He leaves a widow, Mrs. Olli TAV u- ''^^ forthright character and absolute attitude to the problems of Judaism and Tuttnauer, who shared his interest in Zionism ,^"ability. goes out to Mrs. Kohn, her children present-day Jewry is reflected in his book, and painting and who worked with him as a 3na grandchildren. •• Der Weg zum Judentum ", published in 1959. beauty consultant. J.F.

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NEW HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR Round and About REFUGEES The United Nations General Assembly has MISS HERTHA NEUFELD 80 LECTURE BY NAHUM GOLDMANN elected Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan (Iran) to succeed Mr. Felix Schnyder (Switzerland) as On January 14 Miss Hertha Neufeld will Dr. Nahum Goldraann delivered the tenth United Nations High Commissioner for Refu celebrate her SOth birthday. In Berlin, where Noah Barou Memorial Lecture, sponsored by gees. He had been Deputy High Commissioner she lived until 1938, she held a leading position the British Section of the World Jewish Con since 1962. Prince Sadruddin, who was born with the " Jiidische Kinderhilfe" from the gress. His subject was " The Jewish Spirit of in 1933, is the son of the late Aga Khan. He early 'twenties onwards. The Kinderhilfe was Israel and the Diaspora." graduated from Harvard University. founded after the end of the First World He stated that the Jewish State had to have War to help immigrants from East European two ultimate aims, firstly the integration of the JEWS IN SIEGBURG countries and their children. It rendered a State into Jewish history, and secondly the variety of services, especially in the fields of integration in the day-to-day life of the Jewish Information Required health and education. By her warm-hearted people. The State must represent the Jewish To mark the 900th anniversary of the City ness, her experience as a social worker and spirit and Jewish culture of all generations. of Siegburg, the bulletin of the " Geschichts- her administrative ability, Hertha Neufeld, a Eventually it must also become an integral und Altertumsverein fiir Siegburg und den Zionist of long standing, had a decisive share part of the Middle East. Siegkreis " published articles by Oberstudien- in the expansion and dynamic development of rat Monsignore Wilhelm Bers (Siegburg) the Kinderhilfe. about the " Jews in Siegburg ", and by Pro In 1938 Miss Neufeld went to Palestinej NOTED SWEDISH FAMILY fessor Dr. Ernst Lyon (Jerusalem) about where she lived with her sister, the late Mrs. " Biographical Fragments of a Small Jewish Siddy Wronsky. Her activities were mainly Mr. Erland Josephson, the Swedish-Jewish Community ". devoted to the boarding school for deaf and playwright, novelist and actor, has been The Municipality of Siegburg is anxious to dumb children in Jerusalem, run under the appointed director of the Royal Dramatic enlarge on these articles and to trace the fate auspices of the Alliance Israelite Universelle. Theatre in Stockholm, and will succeed Mr. of all its former Jewish residents. For this Her selflessness and courage during the diffi Ingmar Bergman in July. His uncle. Professor purpose it has compiled a list of Jews who cult years of the terror and the war of libera Ragner Josephson, the art historian, was head lived in Siegburg in 1933 and circularised it of the Royal Dramatic Theatre 15 years ago. amongst those whose present whereabouts are tion are unforgotten. Among his ancestors are Ludvig Josephson, In 19.55 Miss Neufeld joined her family in known. Readers of AJR Information who the dramatist; Jacob Azel Josephson, the com could give any information should get in touch London. Since then she has also been in poser : and Ernst Josephson, the painter. The constant contact with the AJR and taken vnth Geschichts- und Altertumsverein fiir family settled in Sweden in the eighteenth Siegburg und den Siegkreis, Rathaus, Schul- part in the activities of the AJR Club. Her century. fiiends and former colleagues in Israel and gasse 2, Siegburg, W. Germany. this country extend their lieartiest birthday wishes to her. ECONOMIC GROUP CHAIRMAN ANTI-JEWISH PRAYER ABANDONED CAMBRIDGE PRESIDENT Sir Edgar Cohen, British Ambassador to the At the request of the Jewish community in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and A former pupil of Carmel College, Robert the Swiss town of Sargans, an anti- Development, has been elected chairman of Perlman, has been elected president of the Jewish prayer which has been recited annu the economic and political committee of the Cambridge University Union. This is the first ally since the Middle Ages, has been abolished Organisation for Economic Cooperation and time chat a Carmel College student has held by the religious authorities. The prayer asks Development. This is one of the most impor thi.? office either at Oxford or Cambridge. Two the peasants to " keep sick animals out of the tant economic groups in Eiirope. Its present other Jewish students were elected to the union herd " and also to be " on guard against the chairman, Lord Hankey, retires at the end of committee. Mike Horowitz and Bruce Fireman. wicked Jews who insulted our Lord." next summer.

FAMILY EVENTS after a long illness on December 4, Miscellaneous WIDOW, mid-50s, Continental, Entries in the column Family 1965, in her 85th year. Deeply SUPERFLUOUS HAIR removed intelligent, cultured, would like Events are free of charge. Texts mourned by all her relatives and safely and permanently by experi to meet lady similar age and should be sent in by the 18th of friends. enced Physiotherapist and Elec- standing. Possibility sharing my flat, N.W.2. Box 648. the month. CLASSIFIED trologist. Mrs. Dutch, D.R.E., R.M.T., 239 Willesden Lane, N.W.2. WANTED for daughter. 21, attrac Deaths The charge in these columns is 'Phone WILlesden 1849. tive, 1.65 m., professionally suc 3s. for five words. ALTERATIONS WANTED ? cessful young man up to 28, of Fabian.—Dr. Erich Fabian, for good character and with good merly lawyer in Berlin, husband of Situations Wanted 'Phone experienced dressmaker for best work. HAMpstead 8775. prospects of career. Object matri Mrs. F. Fabian, Oak House Nurs Men mony. Replies, with photograph. ing Home, 77 Wimborne Road, LIVELY GET-TOGETHER. Middle- Box 649. Southend-on-Sea. Essex, passed BOOKKEEPER with long experi aged couples with progressive out away at the age of 82 on December ence, seeks part-time post. Able to look, living in Stanmore, Kenton, A WISH FOR 1966: not to be 13, 1965, in Southend. Edgware. Kingsbury, Queensbury, alone. Middle-aged widow, Conti take charge of full set of books, nental, good cook, attractive, Frankfurther.—Mrs. Toni Frank- conversant with P.A.Y.E. Box 645. Wembley, who feel lonely can meet for informal discussions and would like to meet gentleman, further, nee Sternberg (formerly marriage in view. Box 652. Berlin), passed away peacefully on EXPERIENCED BOOKKEEPER, cultural activities. No subscrip December 3, 1965, in her 97th year. now able to take on more clients, tions. Write Box 650. LADY (60s) of academic back writing up books, wages, P.A.Y.E.. ground, wishes to meet cultured Deeply mourned by her children, etc. Box 656. EXPERIENCED GRAPHOLOGIST, grandchildren and great grand character readings for business gentleman for occasional theatre children in England, Israel and and private matters, tuition, single visits and outings, with view to Women marriage. Box 653. U.S.A. or groups, lectures. PUTney 4602/ I Kurt.—Our beloved mother and PART-TIME WORK wanted, 3-5 SPEedwell 8954 Box 651. MISSING PERSONS mornings, typing (not shorthand), grandmother, Camilla Kurt, passed WHO WOULD take nine-year-old Personal Enquiries away peacefully on November 14. invoicing, bookkeeping. Harrow to Finchley Road areas. Box 657. boy to school from Abbey Road Deeply mourned by Marianne and to Regent's Park, 8.15 a.m. ? Box Curly (formerly Leibel).—Mr. Jim Willi Beer, Raphael and Elieser Accommodation Vacant 655. Curly, formerly Viktor Leibel, born Beer and Genia Kurt (Oslo). in Vienna on March 27, 1906, emi AJR .attendance Service Lowe.—Mr. Herbert Lowe, of 9 LADY WISHES TO SHARE her grated to Great Britain in June, Clarendon Gardens, Wembley, modern, small flat, central heat WOMEN available to care for sick 1938 from Engelstrasse 230, Middlesex, passed away on Decem ing, h. & c, own bedroom, N.W.6 people and invalids, as companions Vienna, served with the Forces ber 9, 1965, at Wembley Hospital, district. Very reasonable rent to and sitters-in; non-residential. (Army No. 13053369), wanted by aged 77 years. Deeply mourned by suitable lady. Box 646. 'Phone MAIda Vale 4449. Austrian Embassy, 18 Belgrave his wife, Martha, his son and Square, London, S.W.l (Ref. No. daughter-in-law, Robert and Sylvia, ITALIAN RIVIERA FLAT, mod AJR Needlewomen Service 18227—K/65). relatives and friends. ern, elegant, lift, balcony, opposite beach, sleeps 4, careful tenant. WOMEN available for alterations, Enquiries by AJR Nelki.—-Mr. Heinrich Nelki, for Box 654. mending handicrafts. 'Phone MAI. merly dentist in Berlin, died on 4449. Gruenberger.—Mr. Solomon Gruen- berger, born about 1927, brother November 27,1965, aged 63. Deeply Accommodation Wanted Personal mourned by his family and friends. of Mrs. Rose Rosenberg (nee RETIRED PROFESSIONAL LADY ATTRACTIVE. INTELLIGENT Gruenberger), now^ Benton Harbor Schulheimer.—Katie Schulheimer, requires unfurnished accommoda LADY. 57, with lovely house, (U.S.A.). born in Nove Klenovce, formerly of Israelitisches Schwes tion, N.W.ll, N.W.4 areas. Tel. : seeks the acquaintance of educated formerly Czechoslovakia. Wanted ternheim. Munich, passed away SPE. 0474 Mondav - Thursday gentleman. 60-65 with car. Box in connection with a restitution peacefully at Otto Schiff House 7-9 p.m. 647. claim. AJR INFORMATION January, 1966 Rothschild and Herzl. He then invite Battersea, Lord Rothschild's cousin, ISRAEL ZANGWILL REMEMBERED flat, and Herzl explained the meanii Zionism to her. Both she and Lady 1 A plaque bearing the legend, " In this house Theodor Herzl came to see Israel child became Zionists, but Lord Rothsi Zangwill and British Zionism began, 21st November, 1895 ", was affixed to 24 Oxford himself refused to receive Herzl. Not i. Road, Kilburn. on the 70th anniversary of the event. The following article describes 1902 did the two men meet, and their frie the life of Israel Zangwill and his position in Jewish history.—The Editor. ship was to become a blessing for Zionism. At the fifth Zionist Congress in 1901 h { , .^^^ nian who advised Theodor Herzl to take a young man. He was a glazier by trade and speech on the " Millions of the I.C.A." create j his proposals for the solution of the Jewish could speak only Yiddish. His son, Israel, was a sensation. Baron Hirsch had bequeathec problem " to Paris or London" was Moritz born in 1864. First a pupil, then a teacher, millions to the Jewish Colonisation Association Benedikt. publisher and editor-in-chief of the at the Jews' Free School, Israel Zangwill, like and Zangwill demanded that the I.C.A. should Vienna Neue Freie Presse. Benedikt was an Herzl and Nordau, showed early promise of also use these funds for settling Russian Jews opponent of Zionism and hoped that a recep literary talent. in Palestine. " Give the millions without a ( tion by Jews in Paris or London would be His name became well known in England purpose to the (Zionist) purpose without the ! sufficiently discouraging to deter Herzl from and in the world after the publication of millions ", Zangwill appealed. publishing his booklet " Der Judenstaat". •'Children of the Ghetto" (1892), "Ghetto The next Zionist Congress, in 1903, was the But in Paris, Max Nordau, who had become Tragedies" a893) and "The King of the " Uganda Congress ". Zangwill delivered a an admirer of modern Zionism, persuaded Schnorrers ' (1894). He published a regular speech on " Zionism and charitable institu Herzl to go to London. Two months earlier, humorous column, entitled " Morour and tions ". He believed that " at least part" of in September, 1895, Nordau had visited Charoseth " in the weekly " Jewish Standard ". the funds and activities of the LC.A. and other William Heinemann in Bedford Street writing under the pseudonym of " Marshallik ". institutions of this kind should be extended (London), and the visit was repeated a few In July, 1896, Herzl paid another visit to to include Palestine. He was interrupted • êeks later. Heinemann, the son of an immi London and again addressed a meeting of the almost forty times—by enthusiastic applause. grant from Hanover, of Jewish origin, had " Maccabeans" under Zangwill's chairman There was nothing to indicate that Zangwill, just published Nordau's " Degeneration ". He ship. He was no longer a stranger to London the fervent Zionist, would ever change. How nad also published Israel Zangwill's " Children and his name was often quoted in the British ever, when the seventh Zionist Congress in 01 the Ghetto" and introduced Nordau to press. Zangwill gave the first interview on 1905 rejected any colonisation outside Pales i ângwili who, in turn, invited Nordau to Herzl in the Sunday Times, and the Daily tine, Zangwill founded the Jewish Territorial f address a meeting of the Maccabeans, a Jewish Graphic published an article about him, Organisation (I.T.O.) for the purpose of society largely composed of the Jewish intelli reporting that " Dr. Herzl has found a acquiring land for the Jews in East Africa gentsia. disciple in Mr. Zangwill". or elsewhere. He tried to find a suitable motf^^^ arrived in London on November 21, In April, 1897, the Hovevei Zionist, Herbert territory in Australia, Angola and in Cyrenaica, io95, and his first call was on Zangwill. He Bentwich—inspired by Herzl's fervour and and set up a Jewish Immigrants' Information explained to him Zionist ideas and asked him charm—organised a " Maccabean Pilgrimage " Bureau in Galveston, Texas. Though success 0 arrange a meeting between himself and the to Palestine. Zangwill joined this first pil often seemed near, the I.T.O. never triumphed. eaders of Anglo-Jewry. Herzl's entry into grimage and, in Jerusalem, visited his father, In 1917 a " reconciliation " between Zang ângwiii's study at 24 Oxford Road, Kilburn, a man of great piety, who died there in 1908. will and Weizmann took place and at the grand niarked the beginning of modem Zionism. " I Zangwill travelled all over the Holy Land, celebration of the Balfour Declaration on am Theodor Herzl. Help me to rebuild the addressing meetings and, after his return to December 2, 1917, under Lord Rothschild's ewish State ", with these words Herzl intro- London, published his impressions of Pales chairmanship, held at the London Opera ''"êd himself. tine. House, Zangwill was one of the speakers. Zangwiii, who had never before heard of Ho was invited by Herzl to attend the first Gradually the I.T.O."s activities came to an an^'^" ^^^ charmed by his personality, that of Zionist Congress in Basle in 1897 and his name end aud in 1925 it was officially dissolved. Assyrian king", and immediately set to enhanced the prestige of the Congress. One year after the liquidation of the I.T.O. ork. He sent a telegram to Colonel Albert ,A.ctuaily, he went to Basle to write a chapter Israel Zangwill died on August 1, 1926. at the ô'dsmid (Cardifi), the leader of the Hovevei for his novel, " Dreamers of the Ghetto" age of 62. on movement, and mentioned others whom (1898), but it seems strange all the same that He was a child of the ghetto, a Zionist . advised to see. A co-founder of the " Macca- he, renowned both as a thinker and orator, visionary, who always strove to serve his beans' ', he also sent invitations to the mem- should not have addressed the Congress. people. He is recognised to this day as Anglo- berJ^^s of that society. The meeting took place He confined himself to watching the proceed JewTy's greatest writer who enriched both "n Sunday, November 23rd, under Zangwill's ings and kept silent. Not until the end of the Zionist history and Jewish literature. Now, tnairmanship. This was Herzl's first Zionist Congress did he allow himself to be carried as 70 years have passed since Zionism was meeting and thus it came about that it was away in the burst of applause. " Zangwill was proclaimed from London, let us not forget that om London that modern Zionism was pro- the greatest cheerer in the whole room ", a Israel Zangwill was the first person in Britain •-laimed to the whole world. London delegate reported later. who helped Zionism and contributed greatly Israel Zangwill's father, Moses, an Orthodox In London Zangwill tried in vain to bring towards making Zionism popular in this ^w. had arrived in England from Latvia as about a meeting between the first Lord country. JOSEF FRAENKEL.

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(MAI. 8521) 'Phone: Westbourne 64176 16 AJR INFORMATION January, 1966t SHADOWS OF THE PAST TRIALS Franz Hunke, a former S.S. officer, was con victed in Hanover of the murder of a Jewisb WAR CRIMINALS NAZI JUDGES professor at the Nazi forced labour camp at « Lunzk in western Russia in 1941, and was Jlerr Guenter Rempp, one of the 30 princi- In a report issued in Frankfurt, the Associa sentenced to hard labour for life. Four Jewish Al officials at the Central Office for the tion of Victims of the Nazi regime accused 34 witnesses who staged a hunger strike in court ^ >stigation of Nazi Crimes at Ludwigsburg, West German judges and prosecutors of having in protest against two other former Nazi ,«U a short visit to London in connection served in Hitler's S.S. officials who they said should have been Jth his duties. The report listed twelve Bavarian judges brought to trial on charges of murdering Jews ,' It is Herr Rempp's belief that those Nazis and prosecutors, six in North Rhine- at the camp, were told that proceedings had against whom a strong case for complicity in Westphalia, five in Baden-Wuerttemberg, four been separated from the current court cases JS/ar crimes can be made out will not escape in Lower Saxony, three in Schleswig-Holstein, because of the illness of the two men. They -the consequences of murder, even if the Ger- two in Hesse and one each in Bremen and would stand trial as soon as their health per ' man statute of limitation is not extended Berlin. mitted. beyond its present time limit of December 31, The senior official named was Karl Arndt, One of the witnesses complained that Hein 1969. Herr Rempp came to London to under president of the Bremen Supreme Court and rich Lindner, an official of Lower Saxony's take research at the Wiener Library and at the chairman of the Bremen court of appeals in Ministry of Refugees was not on trial. He library of a group of Baltic survivors in pre restitution cases. accused Lindner, the former Nazi district com paration for a series of mass trials of criminals missioner at Lunzk, of responsibility for the concerned in the extermination of Jews in MEMORIALS murder of people in the area. A Ministry Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. He stated, A memorial to more than 55,000 people who spokesman replied that inquiries into Lindner's however, that the generation of Germans who died in Neuengamme concentration camp, near activities were stopped because incriminating had been adults in the Hitler era did not, Hamburg, between 1938 and 1945, was opened evidence was lacking. If new evidence came on the whole, favour the continuation of war at the camp site. The ceremony was per to light the State Government would not hesi crimes trials. formed by Professor Dr. Herbert Weichmann, tate to take legal action. Mentioning the difficulties in obtaining the Hamburg's chief burgomaster, who is a Jew. Gustav Fiedler, a former Nazi police officer, extradition of war criminals who were now More than 3,000 survivors of Nazi camps and was sentenced to 13i months' imprisonment in residing outside the Federal Republic, Herr relatives of victims were present. Kiel for complicity in the mass murder of Rempp said that if they had not been German Members of the local German administra about 120,000 Jews at Chelmo concentration citizens during the war, or if they had found tion, the Churches and the Jewish community, camp in Poland. refuge in Latin America, their extradition were among those who attended the unveiling Heinrich Hamann, the former head of the was " quite hopeless."—(J.C.) of a memorial to the members of the former Nazi security police at Nowy Sacz, and twelve Jewish community in the town of Rottweil in former subordinates, are on trial at Bochum "MAIDANEK SHRIFTEN " Baden-Wuerttemberg, at the old Jewish accused of complicity in the murder of more cemetery there. than 17,000 Polish Jews in the Nowy Sacz area. Thc fust issue of a Polish publication, Hamann said that the entire Jewish population " Maidanek Shriften ", devoted to the history DESIRE TO FORGET of the Polish town of Mszana Dolna, about 800 of the Gennan concentration and death camps, Members of a group of eleven young men, women and children, were shot in has been published in conjunction with the Germans helping to build an Evangelical August, 1942. Paul Denk, another of the conference in Lublin of the Scientific Associa Church of Reconciliation on the site of the accused, told the court that after the execution tion for the Study of Hitler's Death Camps. former Nazi concentration camp at Dachau are members of the S.S., the Gestapo and the Publication coincided with memorial days for being constantly asked by people why they do police " celebrated the event" at a public the victims of Maidanek. not leave the Nazi past alone. house with a number of Polish civilians.

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