Youngstown State University 1

BIOL 2601 General Biology: Molecules and Cells 4 s.h. BIOLOGY (BIOL) The chemical and physical foundations of life, structure and function of cells and organelles, metabolism, basic molecular biology and inheritance, and BIOL 1505 Biology and the Modern World 3 s.h. principles of evolution. Three hours of lecture, three hours of lab per week. Biology applied to critical issues of today's society. Focus on the scientific Prereq.: CHEM 1515 or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 1515. method as relevant to modern biology issues. Not applicable to the Biology Gen Ed: Science Substitute. major. BIOL 2601H Honors General Biology Molecules and Cells 4 s.h. Gen Ed: Natural Science. The chemical and physical foundations of life, structure and function of cells BIOL 1505H Honors Biology and Modern World 3 s.h. and organelles, metabolism, basic molecular biology and inheritance, and Biology applied to critical issues of today's society. Focus on the scientific principles of evolution. Three hours of lecture, three hours of lab per week. method as relevant to modern biology issues. Not applicable to the Biology Prereq.: CHEM 1515 or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 1515. major. Gen Ed: Science Substitute. Gen Ed: Natural Science. BIOL 2601L General Biology: Molecules and Cells Laboratory 0 s.h. BIOL 1505L Biology and the Modern World Laboratory 1 s.h. General Biology: Molecules and Cells Laboratory. Student investigations in biological phenomena using a variety of laboratory BIOL 2602 General Biology: Organisms and Ecology 4 s.h. approaches focused on a single theme or concept using the scientific method. The structure and function of plants and animals. Examination of the structure Satisfies the Natural Science Laboratory requirement. Not applicable to the and functioning of organismic communities and ecosystems. Required of all Biology major. biological sciences majors. Three hours of lecture, three hours of lab per week. BIOL 1545 Allied Health Anatomy and Physiology 5 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 2601 and CHEM 1515. Explores the structure and function of the human body and its organ systems. Gen Ed: Science Substitute. Diseases and their relationship to various physiological systems. Four hours BIOL 2602H Honors General Biology Organisms and Ecology 4 s.h. lecture, two hours lab. Not applicable to the Biology major. The structure and function of plants and animals. Examination of the structure Prereq.: High school biology and chemistry, or equivalent. and functioning of organismic communities and ecosystems. Required of all Gen Ed: Science Substitute. biological sciences majors. Three hours of lecture, three hours of lab per week. BIOL 1545L Allied Health Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory 0 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 2601 and CHEM 1515. Allied Health Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory. Gen Ed: Science Substitute. BIOL 1551 Anatomy and Physiology 1 3 s.h. BIOL 2602L General Biology: Organisms and Ecology Laboratory 0 s.h. Structure, function, and clinical applications of the integument, musculature, General Biology: Organisms and Ecology Laboratory. skeletal, and nervous systems. Targeted for students in nursing and BIOL 2603 Integrated Biology for BS/MD 4 s.h. associated health professions. Three hours of lecture. Not applicable to the This course is an introduction to general biology that focuses on those Biology major. aspects of biology that are the fundamental basis of medicine and human Prereq.: High school biology, CHEM 1501 or equivalent, and MATH 1501 or biology. equivalent. Prereq.: admittance to the BS/MD program. Gen Ed: Science Substitute. BIOL 3701 Biomathematics Seminar 1 s.h. BIOL 1551L Anatomy 1 Laboratory for Health Professions 1 s.h. Introduction to interdisciplinary research in Biology and Mathematics. Anatomical study of skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. For students in Topics include current research by faculty and students, cross disciplinary nursing and associated health professions. Two hours of laboratory per week. communication, report writing, technical presentations, literature reading, Not applicable to the Biology major. BIOL 1551 must be taken either previous laboratory techniques and safety. May be repeated once. Listed also as MATH or concurrent. 3701. BIOL 1552 Anatomy and Physiology 2 4 s.h. Prereq.: MATH 1571 or BIOL 2601 or BIOL 2602. Structure, function, and clinical applications of the endocrine, cardiovascular, BIOL 3702 Microbiology 4 s.h. respiratory, renal, digestive, and reproductive systems. Targeted for students Fundamentals of the biology of microbes. The principles of microbial structure, in nursing and associated health professions. Three hours lecture, two hours function, reproduction, metabolism, genetics, phylogeny, host-parasite lab. Not applicable to the Biology major. relationships, and immunity. Fundamental technical skills acquired through Prereq.: BIOL 1551. laboratory experiences. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory. Gen Ed: Science Substitute. Prereq.: BIOL 2601 or BIOL 2603 and concurrent enrollment in BIOL 3702L. BIOL 1552L Anatomy and Physiology 2 Laboratory 0 s.h. BIOL 3702L Microbiology Laboratory 0 s.h. Anatomy and Physiology 2 Laboratory. Microbiology Laboratory. BIOL 1560 Microbiology for the Health Professions 2 s.h. BIOL 3703 Clinical Immunology 3 s.h. Characteristics, epidemiology, and pathology of viruses, bacteria, and Fundamentals of immunology, including both humoral and cellular protozoa of medical significance. Other topics dealing with the control of immunological responses. Applications of immunological methods in medical microorganisms and food microbiology will be covered. Not applicable to research and patient treatment. a biology major. Two hours of lecture. Must be taken concurrent with BIOL Prereq.: BIOL 2601 or BIOL 2603 and BIOL 3702 recommended. 1560L or substitute. BIOL 3703L Clinical Immunology Laboratory 1 s.h. BIOL 1560L Microbiology Laboratory for Health Professions 1 s.h. VDRL, ASO, febrile, latex, pregnancy, and viral tests; flocculation, precipitation, Microscopy, cultivation, and identification of bacteria. Microbiology of foods. complement fixation, and titration procedures for various diseases. Three Disinfection techniques. Not applicable to a biology major. Three hours of hours lab per week. Identical with MLS 3703L and MLT 3703L. laboratory per week. Must be taken concurrent with BIOL 1560. Prereq.: BIOL 2602. Concurrent with: BIOL 3703. 2 Biology (BIOL)

BIOL 3704 Biological Anthropology 3 s.h. BIOL 3741 Animal Diversity 4 s.h. The physical origins and development of the human species as a member of Examination of the diversity of animal species and their interaction with the the primate order and the biological bases of human differences disclosed by environment; the morphology, reproduction and ecology of a wide variety of human paleontology and archaeology. Also listed with ANTH 3703. invertebrate and vertebrate phylon. Three hours lecture, two hours lab. Prereq.: ANTH 1500 and BIOL 2601. Prereq.: BIOL 2602. BIOL 3705 Introduction to Human Gross Anatomy 4 s.h. BIOL 3741L Animal Diversity Laboratory 0 s.h. Overview of human structure, using a regional approach to examine the Animal Diversity Laboratory. functional anatomy of the musculoskeletal, nervous, and visceral systems. BIOL 3745 Plant Physiology 3 s.h. Three hours lecture, two hours lab. Examination of the physiology of higher plants with emphasis on the whole Prereq.: BIOL 2602 or BIOL 2603. plant aspects as well as on biochemical, cellular and molecular aspects of how BIOL 3705L Introduction to Human Gross Anatomy Laboratory 0 s.h. plants function including transport and translocation of water and solutes, Introduction to Human Gross Anatomy Laboratory. photosynthesis and respiration, growth and development. Prereq.: BIOL 2602. BIOL 3710 Mammalian Anatomy 3 s.h. Composite study of the anatomical systems of mammals, based on the cat. BIOL 3759 Evolution 3 s.h. One hour lecture, four hours lab. Examination of fundamental evolutionary mechanisms integral to such Prereq.: BIOL 2602. covered topics as natural selection, drift, genetic variance maintenance, gene flow consequences, phylogenetic resolution, modes of speciation, BIOL 3710L Mammalian Anatomy Laboratory 0 s.h. coevolution, cooperation and mating system structure. Ecological concepts Mammalian Anatomy Laboratory. will be integrated throughout. BIOL 3711 Cell Biology: Fine Structure 3 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 2601 and BIOL 2602 or instructor consent. Theoretical and conceptual background necessary for understanding cellular BIOL 3762 Field Botany 4 s.h. structure-function relationships. Basic architecture of the cell, various Identification, ecology, and significance of local plants. Two hours lecture, four organelles. The basic behavior of cells analyzed illustrating the integrative hours lab. interaction of organelle systems. Prereq.: BIOL 2602. Prereq.: BIOL 2601 or BIOL 2603. BIOL 3762L Field Botany Laboratory 0 s.h. BIOL 3716 Molecular Microbiology 1: Nucleic Acids 4 s.h. Field Botany Laboratory. Isolation and characterization of DNA and RNA from microbes with an emphasis on cloning, sequencing, structural characterization, expression, and BIOL 3775 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy 3 s.h. phylogenetic analysis. Two hours lecture, six hours laboratory. Comparison of morphology of vertebrates, emphasizing evolutionary Prereq.: BIOL 3702 and permission of the instructor. development of organ systems. Two hours lecture, three hours lab. Prereq.: BIOL 2602. BIOL 3717 Molecular Microbiology 2 4 s.h. Protein Biology. Develops the analytical skills necessary to conduct molecular BIOL 3775L Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Laboratory 0 s.h. biology research in the area of protein analysis and proteomics. Two hours Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Laboratory. lecture and four hours laboratory per week. BIOL 3780 General Ecology 5 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3702. Examination of ecological principles affecting species distributions, BIOL 3721 Genetics 3 s.h. interactions and biodiversity; dynamics of populations, communities and Genetic material, reproductive cycles, sex determination, mitosis, meiosis, ecosystems; life history evolution; origin, maintenance and loss of genetic mendelism, probability linkage, genes in populations, mutation, evolution. variation; mechanisms of speciation and extinction; experimental design and Prereq.: BIOL 2601 or BIOL 2603. analysis. Three hours lecture, four hours lab. Prereq.: BIOL 2602. BIOL 3725 Mammalogy 3 s.h. Overview of structure, function, evolutionary history, behavior, ecology, BIOL 3780L General Ecology Laboratory 0 s.h. and classification of mammals. Animal groups will be studied from diverse General Ecology Laboratory. biological points of view. Three hours lecture. BIOL 4800 Bioinformatics 4 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 2601, BIOL 2602. Fundamentals of the theories and applications of bioinformatics. Topics BIOL 3730 Human Physiology 4 s.h. include the tools and databases used to analyze DNA and protein sequences Concepts of human physiology that focus on the regulation of homeostatic and the evolutionary relationships between sequences from different mechanisms by the neural, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal organisms. Three hours of lecture, two hours of lab per week. systems. Four hours lecture. Prereq.: BIOL 3721. Prereq.: BIOL 2602 or BIOL 2603. BIOL 4800L Bioinformatics Laboratory 0 s.h. BIOL 3730L Human Physiology Laboratory 1 s.h. Bioinformatics Laboratory. Experimental approach to the study of human physiology that explores BIOL 4801 Environmental Microbiology 4 s.h. regulation of homeostasis by the neural, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, The occurrence, detection, and control of microbes, including bacteria and and renal systems. Three hours laboratory. viruses, in food, water, and the environment. Two hours lecture, four hours lab. Prereq. or concurrent: BIOL 3730. Prereq.: BIOL 3702. BIOL 3740 Plant Diversity 4 s.h. BIOL 4801L Environmental Microbiology Laboratory 0 s.h. Examination of the diversity of plant species and their interaction with the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory. environment; the morphology, reproduction and ecology of a wide variety of vascular and nonvascular plants. Three hours lecture, two hours lab. BIOL 4805 Ichthyology 3 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 2602. Ecology, evolution, and taxonomy of fishes, especially those of Midwestern United States. Two hours lecture, two hours lab. BIOL 3740L Plant Diversity Laboratory 0 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3741. Plant Diversity Laboratory. BIOL 4805L Ichthyology Laboratory 0 s.h. Ichthyology Laboratory. Youngstown State University 3

BIOL 4806 Ecosystem Field Ecology 4 s.h. BIOL 4834L Advanced Physiology: Integrative Mechanisms Laboratory 1 s.h. Students will learn about destination ecosystems, including associated Experimental approach to the examination of advanced human physiology organisms, interactions, physical, chemical, and climatic conditions, culture, through a detailed study of selected body systems. Systems examined may and human impacts. Can be taken more than once for different destinations. include the cardiovascular, renal and respiratory systems, exchange dynamics Students must be in good health, hike, swim, and handle primitive conditions. among body fluid compartments, and acid-base balance. Three hours lab. This course involves travel expenses in addition to lab fees. Prereq. or concurrent BIOL 4834. Prereq.: permission from instructor. BIOL 4835 Advanced Physiology: Regulatory Mechanisms 3 s.h. Coreq.: 3000-level course. Examination of advanced human physiology through a detailed study of BIOL 4809 The Human Microbiome 3 s.h. selected body systems. Systems examined may include musculoskeletal, Covers microbial communities and their interactions associated with the gastrointestinal, metabolic and thermoregulatory. Three hours lecture. human host. Scientific literature on the identity and roles of microbes Prereq.: BIOL 3730. associated with the human gut, oral cavity, skin, genital-urinary tract and BIOL 4835L Advanced Physiology: Regulatory Mechanisms Laboratory 1 s.h. respiratory system will be reviewed, presented, and discussed. Experimental approach to the examination of advanced human physiology Prereq.: BIOL 3702. through a detailed study of selected body systems. Systems examined may BIOL 4811 Comparative Biomechanics 4 s.h. include the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, metabolic and thermoregulatory. Overview of biomechanical principles involved with the structure and function Three hours lab. of animals. Topics include mechanical properties of biomaterials, comparative Prereq. or concurrent BIOL 4835. muscle architecture and physiology, and locomotor mechanisms of human BIOL 4836 Cell Biology: Molecular Mechanisms 3 s.h. walking and running. Three hours lecture, two hours lab. The relationship of molecular structure to cellular function. Concepts will be Prereq.: BIOL 2602 or BIOL 3705, and PHYS 1501 or PHYS 2610. presented integrating the biochemical dynamics of bio-membrane systems BIOL 4811L Comparative Biomechanics Laboratory 0 s.h. including receptors, bioenergetics, and the physiochemical environment. Three Comparative Biomechanics Laboratory. hours of lecture. Prereq.: BIOL 3711 or consent of instructor. BIOL 4819 Taxonomy of Flowering Plants 4 s.h. Phylogenetics, systematics, geographical distribution, and evolutionary BIOL 4836L Cell Biology: Molecular Mechanisms Laboratory 0 s.h. development of herbaceous plants; taxonomic systems based on morphology Cell Biology: Molecular Mechanisms Laboratory. and biochemistry. Laboratory exercises include the writing of a genus revision. BIOL 4837 Cell Biology: Protein Biology Laboratory 1 s.h. Two hours lecture, four hours lab. The relationship of nucleic acid structure and protein structure will be studied Prereq.: BIOL 3740 or consent of instructor. in hands on series of laboratory experiments. Concepts presented will BIOL 4819L Taxonomy of Flowering Plants Laboratory 0 s.h. integrate the use of modern molecular biology techniques with contemporary Taxonomy of Flowering Plants Laboratory. approaches to current problems in biology. Three hours of laboratory. Prereq.: BIOL 3711 or consent of instructor. BIOL 4822 Principles of Pharmacology 3 s.h. Overview of drugs used for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of BIOL 4839 Selected Topics in Physiology 1 s.h. disease. Topics include mechanisms of action, therapeutic and adverse drug Advanced study of topics in physiology not covered in depth in other effects, and clinical uses for each drug category. physiology courses. May be repeated twice up to 2 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3730. Prereq.: BIOL 3730. BIOL 4823 Cancer Biology 2 s.h. BIOL 4841 Animal Parasitology 3 s.h. This course will present the student with the comprehensive body of Biological implications of parasitism. Diagnosis, morphology, and life histories knowledge concerning cancer biology. It will draw upon all areas of biological of the parasites of humans and domestic animals. One hour lecture, four hours sciences; from environmental causal factors to the molecular mechanisms lab. underlying tumor cell formation and development of malignant tumors. The Prereq.: BIOL 3702. scientific basis of therapies will be explored. BIOL 4841L Animal Parasitology Laboratory 0 s.h. Prereq.: Junior standing. Animal Parasitology Laboratory . BIOL 4829 Microbial Physiology 3 s.h. BIOL 4848 Biology of Fungi 3 s.h. This course synthesizes material covered in introductory microbiology Examination of fungal and fungal-like organisms with emphasis placed upon and cell and molecular biology. Topics include biomolecule synthesis, their taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, structure, function, physiology, molecular biology, bacterial genetics, gene expression, energy production genetics, and ecology. Exploration of their role in agriculture, medicine, and photosynthesis, bacteriophages and microbial stress response. scientific research. Prereq.: BIOL 3702 or BIOL 3711. Prereq.: BIOL 2602 or graduate standing. BIOL 4830 Functional Neuroanatomy 4 s.h. BIOL 4849 Medical Mycology 3 s.h. An examination of the structure, function, integration, and cellular control of Survey of infectious diseases caused by fungi including their etiology, the brain and spinal cord. Three hours lecture, two hours lab. epidemiology, histopathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Host-parasite Prereq.: BIOL 3730. interactions and the environmental and molecular factors that contribute to BIOL 4830L Functional Neuroanatomy Laboratory 0 s.h. establishment of fungal disease in humans and animals. Functional Neuroanatomy Laboratory. Prereq.: BIOL 2602. BIOL 4834 Advanced Physiology: Integrative Mechanisms 3 s.h. BIOL 4850 Problems in Biology 1-3 s.h. Examination of advanced human physiology through a detailed study of Special biological problems for which materials and equipment are available selected body systems. Systems examined may include the cardio-vascular, and for which the student is qualified. respiratory, and renal systems, exchange dynamics among body fluid Prereq.: Senior standing or consent of the chairperson. compartments, and acid-base balance. Three hours lecture. BIOL 4861 Senior Biology Capstone Experience 2 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3730. A capstone experience for the major in Biological Sciences (B.A. or B.S. degree). Prereq.: Senior status in Biological Sciences, completion of at least one 3700 and 4800 level laboratory course. 4 Biology (BIOL)

BIOL 4866 Dendrology 4 s.h. BIOL 4899 Internships in the Biological Sciences 2 s.h. Identification, ecology, and significance of local plants. Two hours lecture, four Internships integrate theory and practice through supervised learning hours lab. experiences. Internships are available in any area of the biological/biomedical Prereq.: BIOL 3740 or BIOL 3762. sciences, including field research and analytical, clinical, or research laboratories. Students submit a proposal of the internship, maintain a journal BIOL 4866L Dendrology Laboratory 0 s.h. of experiences, and submit a final project paper. Dendrology Laboratory. Prereq.: Junior or senior standing in Biological Sciences and permission of the BIOL 4871 Entomology 4 s.h. chairperson. Introduction to the morphology, physiology, development, and control of BIOL 5804 Aquatic Biology 3 s.h. insects. Survey of insect orders and families. Two hours lecture, four hours Ecological, physical, and chemical aspects of aquatic ecosystems. Study of lab. the interaction between organisms and their environment. Prereq.: BIOL 3741. Prereq.: BIOL 3780. BIOL 4871L Entomology Laboratory 0 s.h. BIOL 5806 Field Ecology 4 s.h. Entomology Laboratory. Field study involving quantitative methods for the collection, analysis, and BIOL 4878 Conservation Biology 3 s.h. interpretation of ecological data in populations and communities. Pre-field A socioeconomic, political and ecological approach to issues associated trip lectures, specified experiments, independent study, a written report, and with the maintenance and value of biodiversity and ecosystem services; an oral presentation of the independent study project. Required off-campus consequences of anthropogenic climate change, fragmentation, travel. Field conditions may be rigorous and/or primitive. overharvesting, extinction, and invasion of non-native species; biofuels; Prereq.: BIOL 3780. ecological restoration, nature reserve design and sustainability. Three hours BIOL 5811 Ornithology 4 s.h. lecture. Structure, physiology, behavior, ecology, and evolution of birds. Natural history Prereq.: BIOL 3759 or BIOL 3780 or permission of instructor. of common bird species and important bird groups, especially those in Ohio. BIOL 4882 Biomathematics Research 1-2 s.h. Basic methods and skills for field study of birds. Three hours lecture, three Interdisciplinary and individualized study of a topic in biology and hours lab. mathematics. Student project mentored jointly by faculty in biology and Prereq.: BIOL 3741. mathematics. May be repeated once. Grading is Traditional/PR. Listed also as BIOL 5811L Ornithology Laboratory 0 s.h. MATH 4882. Ornithology Laboratory. Prereq.: MATH 3701/BIOL 3701, senior status and permission of the department chairperson. BIOL 5813 Vertebrate Histology 4 s.h. The microscopic study of mammalian tissues and organs. Three hours lecture, BIOL 4890 Molecular Genetics 3 s.h. two hours lab. Examination of DNA structure, DNA replication, transcription, translation, RNA Prereq.: BIOL 3711 or BIOL 3730. processing, and gene control in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prereq.: BIOL 3711 or BIOL 3721. BIOL 5813L Vertebrate Histology Laboratory 0 s.h. Vertebrate Histology Laboratory. BIOL 4890L Molecular Genetics Laboratory 1 s.h. Introduction to basic molecular techniques such as transformation, use BIOL 5823 Advanced Eukaryotic Genetics 3 s.h. of restriction enzymes, agarose gel electrophoresis, and polymerase chain Mechanisms and control of eukaryotic DNA replication, current advances reaction (PCR). Three hours lab. in understanding the genetics basis of cancer and other genetic diseases, Prereq.: BIOL 4890 or concurrent. problems and benefits of the various eukaryotic genome projects (human and others), gene therapy and genetic engineering in animals and plants. BIOL 4893 Biology of Proteins 2 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3721 and BIOL 4890. This course engages the student in the world of proteins, from the basic structure and function of proteins in biological systems, to the applied BIOL 5824 Behavioral Neuroscience 4 s.h. sciences involved in the development of commercially valuable proteins. Explores the biological basis of human experience and behavior. Topics This course extends the students previous understanding and expertise in include basic neuroanatomy and neuropharmacology, emotions, learning molecular biology to emphasize proteins. and memory, sleep and biological rhythms, reproductive behavior, and Prereq.: BIOL 3711 or BIOL 4890 or consent of instructor. communication. Three hours lecture, three hours lab. Prereq.: BIOL 3730. BIOL 4896 Introduction to Biomedical Research 2 s.h. The class will introduce students to processes and strategies at the core BIOL 5824L Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory 0 s.h. of modern biomedical research. Students will develop an understanding Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory. of experimental design, experimental implementation, data evaluation and BIOL 5827 Gene Manipulation 2 s.h. communication. Techniques of modern molecular biology including the use of restriction Prereq.: BIOL 3730. enzymes, plasmid and phage vectors, Southern blots and the polymerase BIOL 4897 Internship in Biomedical Research 3 s.h. chain reaction (PCR). Introduction and manipulation of foreign DNA in This course designed for a student pursuing the Certificate in Biomedical bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Six hours lab. Research. Students enrolled in this course will be assigned to a research Prereq.: BIOL 4890. project in collaboration with physicians from the Mercy Health system. BIOL 5832 Principles of Neurobiology 4 s.h. This course will provide the student with a comprehensive clinical research Topics include cell and molecular biology of the neuron, properties of excitable experience. membranes, functional neuroanatomy, integrated motor control, sensory Prereq.: Accepted into Certificate in Biomedical Research program; concurrent signal transduction, developmental neurobiology, mechanisms of disease or previously taking BIOL 4896. processes, and higher cortical function. BIOL 4898 Research in Physiology 3 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3730. A comprehensive laboratory experience under the supervision of a faculty mentor. Course may be repeated once for a total of 6 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3730, CHEM 3720, and acceptance into the Certificate in Anatomy and Physiology program. Youngstown State University 5

BIOL 5833 Mammalian Endocrinology 3 s.h. BIOL 6901 Computational Bioinformatics 2 s.h. Detailed examination of the hormones of the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, Project-based learning course with a focus on using a Linux environment adrenal pancreas, gonads, and other organs with putative endocrine function. and a script language such as PERL for processing large genomic datasets. Focus on the physiological functions of hormones and their mechanisms of Relational databases such as MySQL and BioPERL will also be covered for action with emphasis on the human. genomic data analysis and display. Two hours of combined lecture and lab per Prereq.: BIOL 3730. week. Prereq.: BIOL 6900 or permission of instructor. BIOL 5840 Advanced Microbiology 3 s.h. Molecular mechanisms for virulence of pathogenic organisms. BIOL 6906 Ecosystems Field Ecology 4 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3702 or equivalent. Students will learn about destination ecosystems, including associated organisms, interactions, physical, chemical, climatic conditions, culture, and BIOL 5844 Physiology of Reproduction 3 s.h. human impacts. Students must be in good health, hike, swim, and handle Current concepts of reproductive processes and their physiological control in primitive conditions. Course may be taken more than once with different mammalian systems. destination ecosystems. This course involves travel expenses in addition to Prereq.: BIOL 3730. lab fees. BIOL 5853 Biometry 3 s.h. Prereq.: permission of instructor. Application of fundamental theory and procedures to the statistical analysis of BIOL 6909 The Human Microbiome 3 s.h. biological data. This course covers microbial communities and their interactions associated Prereq.: 20 s.h. of Biological Sciences. with the human host. Scientific literature on the identity and roles of microbes BIOL 5861 Animal Behavior 3 s.h. associated with the human gut, oral cavity, skin, genital-urinary tract and Detailed examination of a variety of topics necessary for understanding animal respiratory system will be reviewed, presented, and discussed. behavior. Historical approaches to animal behavior, evolution and behavior Prereq.: One of the following courses: undergraduate microbiology, physiology, genetics, physiology of behavior, behavioral ecology, and social organization biochemistry, immunology, or molecular biology. and mating systems. BIOL 6911 Comparative Biomechanics 4 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3741 or permission of instructor. Overview of biomechanical principles involved with the structure and function BIOL 5865 Functional Human Gross Anatomy 4 s.h. of animals. Topics include mechanical properties of biomaterials, comparative Functional Human Gross Anatomy. An applied perspective on human muscle architecture and physiology, and locomotor mechanisms of human anatomical structure and function. Human anatomy will be studied from walking and running. Three hours lecture and two hours lab. diverse points of view including, lecture, biomechanical discussion, anatomical Prereq.: BIOL 2602 or BIOL 3705, and PHYS 1501 or PHYS 2610. models, and cadaver dissection. Three hours lecture, two hours laboratory. BIOL 6911L Comparative Biomechanics Lab 0 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 2601, BIOL 2602, BIOL 3705. Comparative Biomechanics Lab. BIOL 5865L Functional Human Gross Anatomy Lab 0 s.h. BIOL 6929 Functional Neuroanatomy 4 s.h. Functional Human Gross Anatomy Lab. An examination of the structure, function, integration, and cellular control of BIOL 5868 Gross Anatomy 1 4 s.h. the brain and spinal cord. Three hours lecture, two hours lab. Students who Regional study of the human body with emphasis on functional and have enrolled in BIOL 4929 will not receive credit for this course. topographic anatomy and clinical correlations. Two hours lecture- Prereq.: BIOL 3730 or equivalent. demonstration, four hours lab. BIOL 6929L Functional Neuroanatomy Lab 0 s.h. Prereq.: Admission to the YSU Physical Therapy program or permission of Functional Neuroanatomy Lab. instructor. BIOL 6934 Advanced Physiology: Integrative Mechanisms 3 s.h. BIOL 5868L Gross Anatomy 1 Laboratory 0 s.h. Examination of advanced human physiology through a detailed study of Gross Anatomy 1 Laboratory. selected body systems. Systems examined may include the cardiovascular, BIOL 5869 Gross Anatomy 2 4 s.h. respiratory, and renal systems, exchange dynamics among body fluid Regional study of the human body with emphasis on functional and compartments, and acid-base balance. Three hours lecture. topographic anatomy and clinical correlations. Two hours lecture- Prereq.: BIOL 3730 or equivalent. demonstration, four hours lab. BIOL 6934L Advanced Physiology: Integrative Mechanisms Laboratory 1 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 5868. An experimental approach to the examination of advanced human physiology BIOL 5869L Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory 0 s.h. through a detailed study of selected body systems. Systems examined may Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory. include the cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal system, exchange dynamics BIOL 5888 Environmental Biotechnology 4 s.h. among body fluid compartments, and acid-base balance. Three hours lab. Lectures will cover the use of microbes for solving environmental problems. Prereq.: BIOL 3730 or equivalent. In the laboratory, teams of students will design and implement experiments in BIOL 6935 Advanced Physiology: Regulatory Mechanisms 3 s.h. bioremediation. This course is intended for students in biology, environmental Examination of advanced human physiology through a detailed study of studies, chemistry, and engineering. Two hours lecture and four hours lab. selected body systems. Systems examined may include the musculoskeletal, Prereq.: CHEM 3719 or CEEN 3736. gastrointestinal, metabolic and thermoregulatory. Three hours lecture. BIOL 5888L Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory 0 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3730 or equivalent. Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory. BIOL 6935L Advanced Physiology: Regulatory Mechanisms Laboratory 1 s.h. BIOL 6900 Advanced Bioinformatics 3 s.h. The experimental approach to the examination of advanced human physiology An examination of how computer and informatics technology is applied to through a detailed study of selected body systems. Systems examined may biological data analysis, particularly in the area of genomics data mining, and include the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, metabolic and thermoregulatory. its use in genomics, molecular, and systems biology research. Three hours of Three hours lab. lecture per week. Prereq.: BIOL 6935 or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 6935. Prereq.: BIOL 4890 or permission of instructor. 6 Biology (BIOL)

BIOL 6937 Conservation Biology 3 s.h. BIOL 6962 Systematic Zoology 2 s.h. A socioeconomic, political and ecological approach to issues associated Principles, significance, and procedure of zoological taxonomy. with the maintenance and value of biodiversity and ecosystem services; Prereq.: BIOL 3741 Animal Diversity. consequences of anthropogenic climate change, fragmentation, BIOL 6963 Virology 3 s.h. overharvesting, extinction, and invasion of non-native species; biofuels; Viral structure, replication, infection, and pathogesis. The molecular biology ecological restoration, nature reserve design and sustainability. of viruses and their interactions with host cells, and the use of viruses as Prereq.: BIOL 3759 or BIOL 3750 or permission from instructor. tools for gene therapy and genetic engineering. Current research and viruses BIOL 6940 Microbial Physiology 4 s.h. important in world health, such as HIV, will be emphasized. This course will present advanced topics in biomolecule synthesis, Prereq.: Graduate standing or permission of instructor. molecular biology, bacterial genetics, gene expression, energy production BIOL 6963L Virology Lab 0 s.h. photosynthesis, bacteriophages, and microbial stress response. An integrative Virology Laboratory. laboratory project emphasizing some of these topics will be included. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory. BIOL 6964 Advanced Molecular Genetics 3 s.h. Prereq.: Graduate standing. An examination of the mechanisms of transcription, translation, DNA replication, and RNA processing and transposition in both prokaryotes and BIOL 6948 Biology of Fungi 4 s.h. eukaryotes. Examination of fungal and fungal-like organisms with emphasis placed upon Prereq.: BIOL 4890 Molecular Genetics or permission of instructor. their taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, structure, function, physiology, genetics, and ecology. Their role in agriculture, medicine, and scientific BIOL 6966 Protein Analysis 4 s.h. research is explored as well. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory. Students will gain experience in the analysis of proteins. Protein structure Prereq.: BIOL 3702 Microbiology and graduate standing. and function relationships are discussed in the context of their relevance in analytical techniques. Methods presented and used in class include protein BIOL 6949 Cellular and Molecular Mycology 3 s.h. quantification, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, Specific cellular and molecular processes in fungal organisms will be gel image analysis, and amino acid analysis. Two hours lecture and four hours examined in great detail. Topic areas include morphogenesis, dimorphism, laboratory. signal transduction, gene expression and regulation, cellular differentiation, Prereq.: BIOL 4836 or equivalent, and graduate standing. nutritional physiology, primary and secondary metabolism, and host/parasite interactions. BIOL 6974 Neuroendocrinology 3 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3702 or equivalent, and graduate standing. Current concepts of neuroendocrine processes will be discussed. Prereq.: BIOL 5833 or equivalent, or permission of instructor. BIOL 6950 Comparative Animal Physiology 4 s.h. The study of physiological mechanisms and adaptations of animals to BIOL 6975 Neuropharmacology 3 s.h. environmental stresses of their habitats. Three hours lecture and three hours An examination of how drugs interact with the nervous system, including the laboratory per week. locus of action for neuroactive substances and the mechanisms by which Prereq.: BIOL 3730 Human Physiology or equivalent. these substances cause change in physiology and behavior. Prereq.: Graduate standing or permission of instructor. BIOL 6950L Animal Physiology Lab 0 s.h. Animal Physiology Laboratory. BIOL 6976 Cellular Neurophysiology 3 s.h. Detailed study of ionic currents, regulation of neuronal firing patterns, synaptic BIOL 6951 Developmental and Comparative Neurobiology 3 s.h. transmission, and synaptic plasticity. The study of processes critical to the development, maintenance, and function Prereq.: BIOL 5832 or permission of instructor. of the nervous system. Topics will be presented from an experimental perspective using the scientific literature as a resource. BIOL 6978 Teaching Practicum 1: Principles of Biology 1 s.h. Prereq.: BIOL 3730 Human Physiology or equivalent. A course dealing with principles of pedagogy for both classroom and laboratory settings. This is a broad-based course, which will address basic BIOL 6952 Experimental Design 3 s.h. principles and concepts of modern biology. Emphasis is on relationships Controlling variables, experimental design, and treatment of data from between instruction and learning outcomes. Required of all graduate teaching biological experiments. assistants in the Biological Sciences. Students will be assigned a grade of S/ Prereq.: BIOL 5853 or permission of instructor. U. May be repeated. BIOL 6954 Advanced Ecology 3 s.h. BIOL 6979 Teaching Practicum: 1545 Anatomy and Physiology 1 s.h. Interrelationships of species within the community and their influence upon A course dealing with the principles of pedagogy for BIOL 1545 Allied the ecosystem. Health Anatomy and Physiology. This course addresses classroom and Prereq.: Permission of instructor. laboratory topics in human anatomy and physiology, with an emphasis on BIOL 6957 Advanced Immunology 3 s.h. the relationships between instruction and learning outcomes. Required of Fundamentals of immunological systems, including both humoral and cellular graduate teaching assistants providing instructional support for BIOL 1545. immunological responses. Immune response to infections, transplantation Students will be assigned a grade of S/U. May be repeated. rejection, autoimmune diseases, allergy, and autoimmunity. Three hours of BIOL 6981 Teaching Practicum: 1551 Anatomy and Physiology 1 s.h. lecture a week. A course dealing with the principles of pedagogy for BIOL 1551 Anatomy and Prereq.: BIOL 3702 Microbiology or equivalent. Physiology I. This course addresses classroom and laboratory topics in human BIOL 6957L Advanced Immunology Laboratory 2 s.h. anatomy and physiology with an emphasis on the relationships between Immunologic laboratory techniques. Four hours of laboratory a week. Should instruction and learning outcomes. Required of graduate teaching assistants be taken concurrently with BIOL 6957. providing instructional support for BIOL 1551. Students will be assigned a grade of S/U. May be repeated. BIOL 6959 Analytical Cell Biology 4 s.h. Analytical concepts are applied to the study of cells and cellular processes. The use of microscopic techniques, including microtechniques, fluorescent microscopic analysis, and immunocytochemistry, are presented. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of macromolecular composition is used in answering contemporary questions in cell biology. Prereq.: Graduate standing. Youngstown State University 7

BIOL 6982 Teaching Practicum: 1552 Anatomy and Physiology 2 1 s.h. BIOL 8869 Human Gross Anatomy 2 4 s.h. A course dealing with the principles of pedagogy for BIOL 1552 Anatomy Regional study of the human body with emphasis on functional and and Physiology II. This course addresses classroom and laboratory topics topographic anatomy and clinical correlations. Two hours lecture. Four hours in human anatomy and physiology with an emphasis on the relationships lab. between instruction and learning outcomes. Required of graduate teaching Prereq.: BIOL 8868. assistants providing instructional support for BIOL 1552. Students will be BIOL 8869L Human Gross Anatomy 2 Lab 0 s.h. assigned a grade of S/U. May be repeated. Human Gross Anatomy Laboratory. BIOL 6988 Seminar in Biological Sciences 1 s.h. May be repeated up to two semester hours. BIOL 6989 Graduate Research Experience 1-3 s.h. Independent study for graduate students wishing to learn specific biological research techniques. Applicable only to biology graduate students following the nonthesis or biology education options. May be repeated for up to a total of three semester hours. Prereq.: Permission of instructor or department chair. BIOL 6990 Master's Thesis Research 1-6 s.h. Research selected and supervised by departmental advisor and approved by graduate faculty of Biology Department and graduate dean. May be repeated for a maximum of six semester hours. Prereq.: Acceptance by departmental committee. BIOL 6991 Research Methods for Thesis 3 s.h. Discussion and demonstration of current methods and concepts related to research in biological sciences and writing of a graduate thesis proposal. Not applicable for students enrolled in the nonthesis or biology education options. May be repeated once. Prereq.: Permission of instructor. BIOL 6993 Biology of Proteins 2 s.h. This course engages the student in the world of proteins, from the basic structure and function of proteins in biological systems, to the applied sciences involved in the development of commercially valuable proteins. This course extends the students previous understanding and expertise in molecular biology to emphasize proteins. Prereq.: BIOL 5827 or equivalent. BIOL 6994 Research Methods for Nonthesis 2 s.h. A course focused on reviewing current biological concepts as reported in the scientific literature. Not applicable for students enrolled in the thesis or biology education options. Prereq.: Permission of instructor. BIOL 6996 Topics in Ecology 1 s.h. An arranged course in terrestrial and aquatic ecology. May be repeated with a different subject up to 2 s.h. Prereq.: Permission of instructor. BIOL 6997 Topics in Molecular and Cellular Biology 1 s.h. An arranged course in subjects at the molecular level of life. May be repeated with different subject up to 2 s.h. Prereq.: Permission of instructor. BIOL 6998 Topics in Physiology 1 s.h. An arranged course for advanced subjects in vertebrate physiology. May be repeated with a different subject up to 2 s.h. Prereq.: Permission of instructor. BIOL 7000 Topics in Microbiology 1 s.h. An arranged course on subjects of microbiology. May be repeated with a different subject up to 2 s.h. Prereq.: Permission of instructor. BIOL 8868 Human Gross Anatomy 1 4 s.h. Regional study of the human body with emphasis on functional and topographic anatomy and clinical correlations. Two hours of lecture- demonstration four hours of lab. h. Prereq.: Admission to the YSU Physical Therapy Program 4 s. BIOL 8868L Human Gross Anatomy 1 Lab 0 s.h. Human Gross Anatomy I Lab.