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Anatomical and Radiographic Study of the White-Eared Opossum (Didelphis Albiventris) Skull1

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Anatomical and Radiographic Study of the White-Eared Opossum (Didelphis Albiventris) Skull1 Pesq. Vet. Bras. 36(11):1132-1138, novembro 2016 DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2016001100013 Anatomical and radiographic study of the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) skull1 2,4 3 3 2 4 4,5 Bruno C. Schimming *, Luís Felipe F. Reiter , Lívia M. Sandoval , André L. ABSTRACT.-Filadelpho , Letícia R. Inamassu and Maria Jaqueline Mamprim Anatomical and radiographic study of the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris Schimming) skull.B.C., Reiter Pesquisa L.F.F., Veterinária Sandoval BrasileiraL.M., Filadelpho 36(11):1132-1138 A.L., Inamassu L.R. &- Mamprim M.J. 2016. Departa mento de Anatomia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 510, Distrito de Rubião Jr s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] This study was made to investigate the anatomical features of the white-eared opossum skull, by osteology and radiographic anatomy. For this, five animals were used without sexual distinction. The skull was examined by radiographic and macroscopic characteristics. The skulls were then subjected to maceration. The skull was described macroscopically according to standard views, i.e. dorsal and caudal, lateral, ventral, and midsagittal. The skull can be- divided into facial (viscerocranium) and cranial (neurocranium) regions. The facial region was elongated and more developed than neurocranium. The supraorbital foramen was ab sent. The tympanic bulla is not well developed. The zygomatic arch was formed by zygomatic process of the temporal bone, zygomatic process of the maxilla, and temporal process of the zygomatic bone. There was no significant difference between bones found in this study when compared with those described for others mammals. These findings may contribute to the Didelphis albiventris, - better understanding of the anatomy and biology of the white-eared opossum. INDEX TERMS: Anatomy, radiography, white-eared opossum, opossum, marsu RESUMO.- [Estudopial, skull,anatômico wild anim e als.radiográfico do crânio - no gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris).] - Este estudo objetivou investigar as características anatômi- os crânios foram macerados. O crânio foi descrito macros cas do crânio do gambá-de-orelha-branca, através da ana- copicamente de acordo com as vistas ou normas rotinei ras, isto é, dorsal e caudal, lateral, ventral e sagital. O crânio pode ser dividido em regiões facial (viscerocrânio) e cranial- tomia óssea e radiográfica. Para tanto, cinco animais foram (neurocrânio). A região facial se mostrou alongada e mais usados sem distinção sexual. O crânio foi estudado através desenvolvida que o neurocrânio. O forame supraorbital es de1 análises radiográficas e macroscópicas. Para esta última, tava ausente. A bula timpânica não era bem desenvolvida. O- arco zigomático era formado pelo processo zigomático do 2 Received on January 20, 2016. - osso temporal, processo zigomático da maxila, e pelo pro- Accepted for publication on July 14, 2016. - cesso temporal do osso zigomático. Não houve diferenças- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu,bruno@ Uni significativas entre os ossos estudados quando compara versidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Cx. Pos dos com os já descritos para outros mamíferos. Estes resul tal3 510, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. *Corresponding author: tados podem contribuir com um melhor entendimento da ibb.unesp.br - anatomia e biologia deste animal. Acadêmicos do Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina lha-branca, Didelphis albiventris, - Veterinária4 e Zootecnia, Unesp, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião- TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Anatomia, radiografia, gambá-de-ore Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. gambá, marsupial, crânio, ani Programa de Pós-Graduação em Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Me mais silvestres. INTRODUCTION dicina5 Veterinária e Zootecnia, Unesp, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de- Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. Didelphis Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária, Facul Di- dade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Unesp, Campus de Botucatu, Mammals of the genus are found exclusively in Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. the Americas and Australia. Two species of the genus 1132 Anatomical and radiographic study of the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) skull 1133 delphis Didelphis albiventris and Didelphis aurita D. albiventris is a medium- appear in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, - The specimens were collected immediately after the animals- . had died and stored at -20°C. For radiographic examinations the -sized marsupial species, called white-eared opossum, be animals were defrosted, and the images were acquired in dor soventral, and mediolateral views. A digital radiographic system cause can be easily identified by its white ears with a dark was used (EZy-Rad Pro X-ray system, Shimadzu; Console Advance, base. They have a black body, long tapering nose and naked DR-ID 300CL, Fujifilm) with focus-film distance of 100cm and an tail (Emmons & Feer 1997). exposure of 70kV, 200mA, 6.4mAs. The white-eared opossum has solitary and nocturnal- Afterwards, all soft tissues were removed from the skulls by habit, with an arboreal and a terrestrial behavior. It may- boiling, detaching, and rinsing, so that a clear view of the fine be found in open and deciduous forest, and Cerrado, Caa bony structures was achieved. The skulls were left to dry at room tinga, and Chaco environments, and also in areas of anthro- temperature before further observations according to He et al.- pogenic change, such as agricultural habitats, deforested (2002). The bones were identified, described, photodocumented areas and suburban environment. The white-eared opos toin standardNomina Anatomicaviews, i.e. dorsal Veterinaria and caudal, lateral, ventral, and mid sum is very common in the urban region of many Brazilian sagittal. Therefore, the structures studied were named according municipalityies (Cerqueira 1985, Cáceres 2002, Alessio et (International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature, 2012). al. 2005, Smith 2007, Cerqueira & Tribe 2008, Costa et al. RESULTS 2008, Siciliano Martina 2013). - The mammalian skull study is important because the phenotic appearance of the head of animal species depen The skull of white-eared opossum can be divided into a ds on the shape of the skull (Kunzel et al. 2003, Yahaya et facial plus palatal region (viscerocranium) and a cranial- al. 2013). Therefore, morphological studies of the skull portion (neurocranium). The facial region of the adult beenare important used as major as they skeletal contribute structure to anatomical to determine knowledge taxono- opossum was elongated and more developed than the neu (Olopade & Onwuka 2009); the skull morphology has also Dorsalrocranium. and caudal view of skull The genus Didelphis has been used as a model to un- mic affiliations (Bruenner et al. 2002, Yahaya et al. 2013). Caudally, the cranial region comprises the interparietal, derstand various aspects of evolution of the mammalian- parietal, frontal, temporal, and part of the sphenoid bones. skull (Crompton 1989, Abdalla et al. 2001). Several studies This part of the sphenoid bone can be called alisphenoid, on the skull of small marsupials have beenDidelphis performed, albiven spe- because consists in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. triscially dealing with allometry and craniometry. Postnatal The external sagittal crest was the most prominent marking- development of the cranial structure in of the dorsum of the cranium. It was a median longitudinal has been examined by analysis of allometry (Abdalla et- ridge, formed by the interparietal, parietal, and frontal bo al. 2001). On the basis of morphologic and morphometric- nes (Fig.1A,3A-D). Rostrally, the crest tends to split to form data of the skull, phenotypicDidelphis variation in white-eared opos- a “V”, which normally extends to the zygomatic processes of sum and its relevance for the taxonomy was analyzed (Le frontal bones on each side of the skull (Fig.1A). The nuchal mos & Cerqueira 2002). has been reviewed syste crest marks the boundary between the dorsal and caudal matically by craniometrical analysis of skulls from species surface of the skull (Fig.3C). The facial region comprises Didelphisof this genus imperfect in Venezuela (Ventura et al. 2002). TheseDidel- the dorsal surfaces of the nasal, maxilla, incisive, lacrimal, phisauthors claimed, based on morphometricDidelphis differences, that lives in that the and zygomatic bones. The incisive and nasal bones form- is an another specie of the genus - the border of the external nasal opening. The zygomatic and is a relatively small-sized arch could be seen in this view (Fig.1A-C). The caudal as evergreen rainforest of tropical, subtropical, and tempera pect of the white-eared opossum skull was formed by the te levels in Venezuela. No description of the gross anatomy interparietal and occipital bones, squamous and petrosus and radiography was found in the available literature. Thus, Lateralparts of viewthe temporal of the skull bone (Fig.3C-D). the aim of this study was to describe the gross anatomy and - radiographic features of the skull of the adult white-eared opossum inhabiting the Brazilian southeastern region. In this view was evident the temporal, interparietal, pa These findings may contribute to better understanding of rietal, frontal, lacrimal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, nasal,- the anatomy and biology of the white-eared opossum. MATERIALS AND METHODS
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