A New Radiological Classification for the Risk Assessment of Anterior Skull
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MBB: Head & Neck Anatomy
MBB: Head & Neck Anatomy Skull Osteology • This is a comprehensive guide of all the skull features you must know by the practical exam. • Many of these structures will be presented multiple times during upcoming labs. • This PowerPoint Handout is the resource you will use during lab when you have access to skulls. Mind, Brain & Behavior 2021 Osteology of the Skull Slide Title Slide Number Slide Title Slide Number Ethmoid Slide 3 Paranasal Sinuses Slide 19 Vomer, Nasal Bone, and Inferior Turbinate (Concha) Slide4 Paranasal Sinus Imaging Slide 20 Lacrimal and Palatine Bones Slide 5 Paranasal Sinus Imaging (Sagittal Section) Slide 21 Zygomatic Bone Slide 6 Skull Sutures Slide 22 Frontal Bone Slide 7 Foramen RevieW Slide 23 Mandible Slide 8 Skull Subdivisions Slide 24 Maxilla Slide 9 Sphenoid Bone Slide 10 Skull Subdivisions: Viscerocranium Slide 25 Temporal Bone Slide 11 Skull Subdivisions: Neurocranium Slide 26 Temporal Bone (Continued) Slide 12 Cranial Base: Cranial Fossae Slide 27 Temporal Bone (Middle Ear Cavity and Facial Canal) Slide 13 Skull Development: Intramembranous vs Endochondral Slide 28 Occipital Bone Slide 14 Ossification Structures/Spaces Formed by More Than One Bone Slide 15 Intramembranous Ossification: Fontanelles Slide 29 Structures/Apertures Formed by More Than One Bone Slide 16 Intramembranous Ossification: Craniosynostosis Slide 30 Nasal Septum Slide 17 Endochondral Ossification Slide 31 Infratemporal Fossa & Pterygopalatine Fossa Slide 18 Achondroplasia and Skull Growth Slide 32 Ethmoid • Cribriform plate/foramina -
Level I to III Craniofacial Approaches Based on Barrow Classification For
Neurosurg Focus 30 (5):E5, 2011 Level I to III craniofacial approaches based on Barrow classification for treatment of skull base meningiomas: surgical technique, microsurgical anatomy, and case illustrations EMEL AVCı, M.D.,1 ERINÇ AKTÜRE, M.D.,1 HAKAN SEÇKIN, M.D., PH.D.,1 KUTLUAY ULUÇ, M.D.,1 ANDREW M. BAUER, M.D.,1 YUSUF IZCI, M.D.,1 JACQUes J. MORCOS, M.D.,2 AND MUSTAFA K. BAşKAYA, M.D.1 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin; and 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida Object. Although craniofacial approaches to the midline skull base have been defined and surgical results have been published, clear descriptions of these complex approaches in a step-wise manner are lacking. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the surgical technique of craniofacial approaches based on Barrow classification (Levels I–III) and to study the microsurgical anatomy pertinent to these complex craniofacial approaches. Methods. Ten adult cadaveric heads perfused with colored silicone and 24 dry human skulls were used to study the microsurgical anatomy and to demonstrate craniofacial approaches in a step-wise manner. In addition to cadaveric studies, case illustrations of anterior skull base meningiomas were presented to demonstrate the clinical application of the first 3 (Levels I–III) approaches. Results. Cadaveric head dissection was performed in 10 heads using craniofacial approaches. Ethmoid and sphe- noid sinuses, cribriform plate, orbit, planum sphenoidale, clivus, sellar, and parasellar regions were shown at Levels I, II, and III. In 24 human dry skulls (48 sides), a supraorbital notch (85.4%) was observed more frequently than the supraorbital foramen (14.6%). -
Labs 6, 7, 8: Skeletal System
153 Labs 6, 7, 8: Skeletal System Unit 6: Skeletal System: Bone tissue, Bones and Joints (p. 105-152) Ex. 6-1: Histology of Osseous Tissue, p. 113 Model: Osteon Tiss Lamella ue Osteocyte Lacunae Canaliculi Central canal Slides: Ground Bone Cartilage (Monkey trachea) Osteon Chondrocyte Lamella Lacunae Osteocyte Matrix Lacunae Canaliculi Central canal Ex. 6-2: Bone Shapes, Procedure 2: Anatomy of Long Bone, p. 115 Compact bone Spongy (cancellous) bone Diaphysis Epiphysis Component Component Characteristics Removed Remaining Bones in Acid Baked Bones 154 Exercise 6-3: The Skull, p. 118 Adult Skull Bony orbit (FLEZMS) Frontal bone supraorbital foramen Parietal bone frontal sinus Temporal bone Lacrimal bone zygomatic process of temporal mandibular fossa Ethmoid bone styloid process perpendicular plate of ethmoid mastoid process middle nasal conchae external acoustic meatus cribriform plate petrous ridge crista galli internal acoustic meatus carotid canal Zygomatic bone jugular foramen Maxillary bone Occipital bone infraorbital foramen foramen magnum palatine process of maxilla occipital condyle external occipital protuberance Sphenoid bone lesser wing and greater wing optic foramen (canal) Sutures sella turcica coronal suture sphenoid sinus squamous suture lambdoid suture Mandible sagittal suture mental foramen mental protuberance mandibular condyle Fetal Skull anterior fontanel Palatine bone posterior fontanel anterolateral (sphenoidal) fontanel Nasal bone posterolateral (mastoid) fontanel Vomer Inferior nasal conchae 155 Exercise 6-4: Remainder -
New Detailed Description of the Anterior Part of the Cribriform Plate Using Anatomic Specimens and Computed Tomography
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy (2019) 41:801–808 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-019-02220-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE New detailed description of the anterior part of the cribriform plate using anatomic specimens and computed tomography Clément Escalard1 · Lise‑Marie Roussel2 · Michèle Hamon1 · Apolline Kazemi3 · Vincent Patron2 · Martin Hitier2,4,5 Received: 20 December 2018 / Accepted: 11 March 2019 / Published online: 21 March 2019 © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose Ethmoidal slit (ES) and cribroethmoidal foramen (CF) have been poorly studied, without any radiological descrip- tion. They may ease cribriform plate’s diseases. The objective was to describe the frequency, size, and computed tomography (CT) appearance of these foramina. Methods A two-part anatomoradiological study was performed: first on dry skulls using a surgical microscope and CT, second on patients CT scans. For each, foramina were searched for, described, and measured when possible. Results Thirteen dry macerated skulls were studied. The orbitomeatal plane was relevant for studying ES. With microscope, ES and CF were identified in, respectively, 92% and 100% of cases. Using CT, all ES and CF were visible, with a mean length and width of, respectively, 3.9 ± 1.7 mm and 0.9 ± 0.3 mm for ES and 1.6 ± 1 mm and 0.9 ± 0.3 mm for CF. CT scans from 153 patients were reviewed. ES and CF were identified in, respectively, 80% and 91% of cases, with a mean length and width of, respectively, 3.9 ± 0.8 mm and 0.8 ± 0.2 mm for ES. Conclusion Large-sized ES was found frequently, and were clearly visible in patients CT scans. -
European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
ISSN: 03000729 INTERN AT IO N A L R H I N CONTENT O L O G I C Official Journal of the European and International Societies Position paper Lund VJ, Stammberger H, Fokkens WJ, Beale T, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Eloy P, Georgalas C, Ger- S O C I E Y stenberger C, Hellings PW, Herman P, Hosemann WG, Jankowski R, Jones N, Jorissen M, Leunig T A, Onerci M, Rimmer J, Rombaux P, Simmen D, Tomazic PV, Tschabitscher M, Welge-Luessen A. European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Parana- VOLUME 50 | SUPPLEMENT 24 | MARCH 2014 sal Sinuses. Rhinology. 2014 Suppl. 24: 1-34. European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Lund VJ, Stammberger H, Fokkens WJ et al. 2014 Anatomical terminology cover JS.indd 1 27-02-14 23:03 European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the INTERN AT Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses IO N A L R H I N O L O G I C Official Journal of the European and International Rhinologic Societies S O C I E Y T Editor-in-Chief Address Prof V.J. Lund Journal Rhinology, c/o AMC, Mrs. J. Kosman / A2-234, PO Box 22 660, Prof W.J. Fokkens 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Tel: +31-20-566 4534 Associate Editor Fax: +31-20-566 9662 Prof P.W. Hellings E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.rhinologyjournal.com Managing Editor Dr. W.T.V. Germeraad Assistant Editor Dr. Ch. Georgalas Editorial Assistant (contact for manuscripts) Mrs J. -
Skull – Communication
Multimedial Unit of Dept. of Anatomy JU Anterior cranial fossa The floor: ● Cribriform plate of ethmoid ● Orbital parts of frontal ● Lesser wings of sphenoid ● Body of sphenoid – anterior to prechiasmatic sulcus Contents: ● Frontal lobes of brain ● Olfactory bulbs ● Olfactory tracts ● Anterior meningeal vessels (from anterior ethmoid) Communication: 1. Through cribriform plate of ethmoid with the nasal cavity Contents: ● Olfactory fila ● Anterior athmoidal vessels and nerves 2. Through foramen cecum with the nasal cavity ● Extension of dura mater ● Small vein connecting veins of nasal cavity and superior sagittal sinus Middle cranial fossa It consists of the central (body of sphenoid) and two lateral parts. Lateral parts consist of: ● Greater wing of sphenoid ● Squamous parts of temporal ● Anterior surfaces of pyramids of temporal The border between the anterior and middle cranial fossa ● Posterior margins of lesser wings of sphenoid ● Sphenoidal limbus The border between the middle and posterior cranial fossae: ● Superior margins of the petrous parts of temporal ● Dorsum sellae Contents: Central part ● Interbrain ● Intercavernous sinuses Lateral part ● Temporal lobes of brain ● Cavernous sinus ● Cranial nerves II – VI ● Internal carotid arteries ● Middle meningeal vessels ● Greater and lesser petrosal nerves Cavernous sinus Contents: ● Internal carotid artery ● Cavernous plexus ● Abducens nerve ● Lateral wall of cavernous sinus contains: ● Oculomotor nerve ● Trochlear nerve ● Ophthalmic nerve ● Maxillary nerve Communication of middle cranial fossa: 1. Through superior orbital fissure with the orbit Contents: ● Oculomotor nerve ● Trochlear nerve ● Ophthalmic nerve ● Abducens nerve ● Sympathetic postganglionic axons of the cavernous plexus ● Superior ophthalmic vein ● Superior branch of the inferior ophthalmic vein ● Ramus of middle meningeal artery 2. Optic canal – with orbit ● Optic nerve ● Ophthalmic artery 3. -
Skull. Sphenoid and Ethmoid Bones
Skull. Sphenoid and Ethmoid bones PhD., Dr. David Lendvai Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embriology Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine 2018. Skeletal system Structure of the skull Border between viscerocrainum and neurocranium Calvaria Main parts of the skull •Constitute by 22 bones: •neurocranium (8) – UNPAIRED: frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid bones PAIRED: temporal, parietal bones •viscerocranium (14) -UNPAIRED: mandibule, vomer. PAIRED: nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal concha Their role – formation of cavities, protect viscera, voice formation, initial portions of the gastrointerstinal and respiratory systems, insertion of muscles (mascication, head movements) Cavities: - Cranial cavity, - Nasal cavity, - Paranasal sinuses - Oral cavity, - Orbit, - (Tympanic cavity, Inner ear) Connections between cranial bones • Synchondrosis, synostosis (cartilagineal and bony connections) • Sutures – Coronal – Sagittal – Lambdoid Calvaria and the base of the skull Calvaria External aspect of the calvaria Base of the skull Internal aspect of the calvaria Fossae cranii Anterior cranial fossa MIddle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa • Posterior cranial fossa: • Anterior cranial fossa: • Occipital, temporal bones, frontal, ethmoid, lesser wings parietal bones of sphenoid • Middle cranial fossa: sphenoid, temporal bones, parietal bones Bones of the neurocranium Parietal bone Frontal bone Temporal bone Ethmoid Sphenoid Sphenoid bone Braus Part of the external skull base (- body (Corpus), pterygoid process, -
External Ethmoidectomy and Frontal Sinus Trephine
OPEN ACCESS ATLAS OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD & NECK OPERATIVE SURGERY EXTERNAL ETHMOIDECTOMY & FRONTAL SINUSOTOMY/TREPHINE Johan Fagan, Neil Sutherland, Eric Holbrook External approaches to the frontal, ethmoid • Sparing mucosa and maxillary sinuses are seldom used • Avoiding surgery to the frontal recess nowadays other than in centers in the and frontonasal duct developing world where endoscopic sinus • Preserving the middle turbinate surgery expertise and instrumentation are • Limiting resection of lamina papyri- not available; CT scans are also often not cea to avoid medial prolapse of orbital available in such centers to permit endo- soft tissues scopic sinus surgery to be properly planned and safely executed. This chapter focuses on the relevant surgi- cal anatomy and techniques of external Some indications for open approaches ethmoid and frontal sinus surgery, and incorporates principles borrowed from our • Drainage of an orbital abscess current understanding of sinus anatomy, • Ethmoid artery ligation for epistaxis pathophysiology, and endoscopic sinus • External ethmoidectomy surgical techniques. o Sinus pathology when endoscopic surgery expertise and instrumenta- tion not available Anatomy of ethmoid & frontal sinuses o Biopsy of tumours o Transethmoidal sphenoidotomy Figures 1-3 illustrate the detailed bony • External frontal sinusotomy/trephina- anatomy relevant to external ethmoidecto- tion my. Figure 2 illustrates the bony anatomy o Complicated acute frontal sinusitis of the lateral wall of the nose. o Pott’s puffy tumour o -
New Terminologia Anatomica: Cranium and Extracranial Bones of the Head P.P
Folia Morphol. Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 477–486 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0129 R E V I E W A R T I C L E Copyright © 2021 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 eISSN 1644–3284 journals.viamedica.pl New Terminologia Anatomica: cranium and extracranial bones of the head P.P. Chmielewski Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland [Received: 12 October 2019; Accepted: 17 November 2019; Early publication date: 3 December 2019] In 2019, the updated and extended version of Terminologia Anatomica was published by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT). This new edition uses more precise and adequate anatomical names compared to its predecessors. Nevertheless, numerous terms have been modified, which poses a challenge to those who prefer traditional anatomical names, i.e. medical students, teachers, clinicians and their instructors. Therefore, there is a need to popularise this new edition of terminology and explain these recent changes. The anatomy of the head, including the cranium, the extracranial bones of the head, the soft parts of the face and the encephalon, poses a particular challenge for medical students but also engenders enthusiasm in those of them who are astute learners. The new version of anatomical terminology concerning the human skull (FIPAT 2019) is presented and briefly discussed in this synopsis. The aim of this article is to present, popularise and explain these interesting modifications that have recently been endorsed by the FIPAT. Based on teaching experience at the Division of Anatomy/Department of Anatomy at Wroclaw Medical University, a brief description of the human skull is given here. -
Dimensions and Ossification of the Normal Anterior Cranial Fossa In
Published April 22, 2010 as 10.3174/ajnr.A2107 Dimensions and Ossification of the Normal ORIGINAL RESEARCH Anterior Cranial Fossa in Children D.C. Hughes BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Interpretation of CT of the anterior skull base in children depends on M.J. Kaduthodil knowledge of the pattern and chronology of ossification. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the age at which the anterior cranial fossa is fully ossified as assessed on CT examinations. D.J.A. Connolly P.D. Griffiths MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 127 CT examinations of children ranging from 1 day to 16 years 7 months of age without known or suspected anterior cranial fossa abnormality. Measurements of the length and width of the anterior skull base and the presence and size of the most anterior unossified portion were determined by 2 investigators. RESULTS: At birth, the anterior skull base consists mainly of cartilage. There is a wide variation in ossification rates between individuals, but the anterior skull base was fully ossified at 3 years 10 months in all of our cases. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy individuals, the anterior skull base is fully ossified by 4 years of age. ABBREVIATIONS: cg ϭ crista galli; cp ϭ cribriform plate; f ϭ frontal bones; fc ϭ foramen cecum; hp ϭ hard palate: p ϭ perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone; s ϭ sphenoid bone n important indication for imaging the anterior skull base computerized search. One hundred thirty-five patients were identi- Ais the evaluation of developmental midline masses fied initially, but after review of the clinical details from the imaging such as nasal dermal sinuses, anterior cephaloceles, and nasal requests and imaging reports, 8 patients with known metabolic or 1-3 gliomas. -
A Morphometric Anatomical Study of the Ethmoidal Foramina on Dry Human Skulls Anatomy Section
Original Article A Morphometric Anatomical Study Of The Ethmoidal Foramina On Dry Human Skulls Anatomy Section Ashwini Mutalik, Sanjeev Kolagi, Chandrashekhar Hanji, Mahesh Ugale, G B Rairam ABSTRACT Study of ethmoidal foramina are important in orbital surgeries, surgeons in locating these foramina during different surgeries. We surgeries of anterior cranial fossa and in endonasal micro measured the distances between all the ethmoidal foramina and surgeries of ethmoidal region. The present study was undertaken the optic canal from the frontomaxillary suture. We also noted the to provide anatomical morphometric data which will guide number, location and presence or absence of these foraminas. Key Words: Anatomy, Human, Ethmoid, Foramina INTRODUCTION artery then enters the anterior cranial fossa, gives off the meningeal The medial orbital wall is surgically very important as it is very thin branches and turns downward into the nasal cavity through slit like and as it separates the contents of the orbit from the ethmoidal apertures at the side of the crista galli. The anterior ethmoidal artery labyrinth. On this wall, the anterior and the posterior ethmoidal supplies the anterior one third of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity foramina are located along the fronto ethmoidal sutures and so and a similar portion of the nasal septum [2]. also, more posteriorly, the optic canal [Table/Fig 1]. These foramina The posterior ethmoidal artery, a branch of the ophthalmic artery, are important in orbital surgeries, in surgeries of the anterior cranial takes a similar course along the roof of the posterior ethmoid and fossa and in endonasal micro surgeries in the ethmoidal region. -
Neurosurgical Approaches to and Through the Frontal Sinus Using Osteoplastic Frontal Sinusotomy
KISEP J Korean Neurosurg Soc 36 : 107-113, 2004 Clinical Article Neurosurgical Approaches to and through the Frontal Sinus using Osteoplastic Frontal Sinusotomy Dong-Hun Kang, M.D.,1 Seong-Hyun Park, M.D.,1 Jae Chan Park, M.D.,1 Yeun-Mook Park, M.D.,1 Murali Guthikonda, M.D.,2 In-Suk Hamm, M.D.1 Department of Neurosurgery,1 Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea Department of Neurosurgery,2 Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan Objective : The frontal sinus is frequently a troublesome anatomical obstacle to gain access to the medial anterior cranial base. Surgical approaches to and through the frontal sinus using osteoplastic frontal sinusotomy provide significant advantages to the treatment of lesions of the medial anterior cranial base in addition to the frontal sinus itself. However, appropriate management is necessary to avoid postoperative complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, infection, mucocele formation, and deformity of the forehead. Methods : The advantages and shortcomings of the approach along with the surgical technique are reported based on our clinical experience with pertinent literature review. The approach using the osteoplastic frontal sinusotomy was applied to two cases of osteoma in the frontal sinus, seven cases of craniofacial tumors, a case of chordoma in the sphenoid and clivus, and two cases of intradural lesions in the anterior cranial fossa. The frontal sinus was managed in such a way as to prevent the postoperative complications. Results : All patients underwent gross total resection of the tumors. With a mean follow-up of 26 months, there were no postoperative complications related to frontal sinus violation.