Anatomy of Mandibular Vital Structures. Part I: Mandibular Canal and Inferior Alveolar Neurovascular Bundle in Relation with Dental Implantology
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Course of the Maxillary Artery Through the Loop Of
Anomalous course of maxillary artery Rev Arg de Anat Clin; 2013, 5 (3): 235-239 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Case Report COURSE OF THE MAXILLARY ARTERY THROUGH THE LOOP OF THE AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE Kavya Bhat, Sampath Madhyastha*, Balakrishnan R Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Bejai Campus, Mangalore, Manipal University, India RESUMEN INTRODUCTION Las variaciones en el curso de la arteria maxilar se describen a menudo, con sus relaciones con el Maxillary artery is one of the larger terminal músculo pterigoideo lateral. En el presente caso branches of the external carotid artery, arises informamos una variación exclusiva en el curso de la behind the neck of the mandible, within the arteria maxilar que no fue publicada antes. En un substance of the parotid gland. It then crosses cadáver masculino de 75 años arteria maxilar derecho the infratemporal fossa to enter the pterygo- estaba pasando por el bucle del nervio auriculo- palatine fossa through pterygo-maxillary fissure. temporal. La arteria meníngea media provenía de la The course of the artery is divided into three arteria maxilar con un bucle del nervio auriculo- temporal. La arteria maxilar pasaba profunda con parts by the lateral pterygoid muscle. The first respecto al nervio dentario inferior pero superficial al (mandibular) part runs horizontally, parallel to nervio lingual. El conocimiento de estas variaciones es and slightly below the auriculo-temporal nerve. importante para el cirujano y también serviría para This part of the artery runs superficial (lateral) to explicar la posible participación de estas variaciones the lower head of lateral pterygoid muscle. The en la etiología del dolor mandibular. -
Numb Tongue, Numb Lip, Numb Chin: What to Do When?
NUMB TONGUE, NUMB LIP, NUMB CHIN: WHAT TO DO WHEN? Ramzey Tursun, DDS, FACS Marshall Green, DDS Andre Ledoux, DMD Arshad Kaleem, DMD, MD Assistant Professor, Associate Fellowship Director of Oral, Head & Neck Oncologic and Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami INTRODUCTION MECHANISM OF NERVE Microneurosurgery of the trigeminal nerve INJURIES has been in the spotlight over the last few years. The introduction of cone-beam When attempting to classify the various scanning, three-dimensional imaging, mechanisms of nerve injury in the magnetic resonance neurography, maxillofacial region, it becomes clear that endoscopic-assisted surgery, and use of the overwhelming majority are iatrogenic allogenic nerve grafts have improved the in nature. The nerves that are most often techniques that can be used for affected in dento-alveolar procedures are assessment and treatment of patients with the branches of the mandibular division of nerve injuries. Injury to the terminal cranial nerve V, i.e., the trigeminal nerve. branches of the trigeminal nerve is a well- The lingual nerve and inferior alveolar known risk associated with a wide range of nerve are most often affected, and third dental and surgical procedures. These molar surgery is the most common cause 1 injuries often heal spontaneously without of injury. medical or surgical intervention. However, they sometimes can cause a variety of None of these nerves provide motor symptoms, including lost or altered innervation. However, damage to these sensation, pain, or a combination of these, nerves can cause a significant loss of and may have an impact on speech, sensation and/or taste in affected patients. -
The Influence of Mandibular Skeletal Characteristics on Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Anesthesia
pISSN 2383-9309❚eISSN 2383-9317 Original Article J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2015;15(3):113-119❚http://dx.doi.org/10.17245/jdapm.2015.15.3.113 The influence of mandibular skeletal characteristics on inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia Tae Min You1, Kee-Deog Kim2, Jisun Huh2, Eun-Jung Woo2, Wonse Park2 1Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea 2Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Background: The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most common anesthetic techniques in dentistry; however, its success rate is low. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between IANB failure and mandibular skeletal characteristics Methods: In total, 693 cases of lower third molar extraction (n = 575 patients) were examined in this study. The ratio of the condylar and coronoid distances from the mandibular foramen (condyle-coronoid ratio [CC ratio]) was calculated, and the mandibular skeleton was then classified as normal, retrognathic, or prognathic. The correlation between IANB failure and sex, treatment side, and the CC ratio was assessed. Results: The IANB failure rates for normal, retrognathic, and prognathic mandibles were 7.3%, 14.5%, and 9.5%, respectively, and the failure rate was highest among those with a CC ratio < 0.8 (severe retrognathic mandible). The failure rate was significantly higher in the retrognathic group than in normal group (P = 0.019), and there was no statistically significant difference between the other two groups. Conclusions: IANB failure could be attributable, in part, to the skeletal characteristics of the mandible. -
Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Local Anesthesia
Anatomy of Mandibular and Maxillary Local Anesthesia Patricia L. Blanton, Ph.D., D.D.S. Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy, Baylor College of Dentistry – TAMUS and Private Practice in Periodontics Dallas, Texas Anatomy of Mandibular and Maxillary Local Anesthesia I. Introduction A. The anatomical basis of local anesthesia 1. Infiltration anesthesia 2. Block or trunk anesthesia II. Review of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial n. V) – the major sensory nerve of the head A. Ophthalmic Division 1. Course a. Superior orbital fissure – root of orbit – supraorbital foramen 2. Branches – sensory B. Maxillary Division 1. Course a. Foramen rotundum – pterygopalatine fossa – inferior orbital fissure – floor of orbit – infraorbital 2. Branches - sensory a. Zygomatic nerve b. Pterygopalatine nerves [nasal (nasopalatine), orbital, palatal (greater and lesser palatine), pharyngeal] c. Posterior superior alveolar nerves d. Infraorbital nerve (middle superior alveolar nerve, anterior superior nerve) C. Mandibular Division 1. Course a. Foramen ovale – infratemporal fossa – mandibular foramen, Canal -> mental foramen 2. Branches a. Sensory (1) Long buccal nerve (2) Lingual nerve (3) Inferior alveolar nerve -> mental nerve (4) Auriculotemporal nerve b. Motor (1) Pterygoid nerves (2) Temporal nerves (3) Masseteric nerves (4) Nerve to tensor tympani (5) Nerve to tensor veli palatine (6) Nerve to mylohyoid (7) Nerve to anterior belly of digastric c. Both motor and sensory (1) Mylohyoid nerve III. Usual Routes of innervation A. Maxilla 1. Teeth a. Molars – Posterior superior alveolar nerve b. Premolars – Middle superior alveolar nerve c. Incisors and cuspids – Anterior superior alveolar nerve 2. Gingiva a. Facial/buccal – Superior alveolar nerves b. Palatal – Anterior – Nasopalatine nerve; Posterior – Greater palatine nerves B. -
Association Between Facial Type and Mandibular Canal Morphology
Brazilian Dental Journal (2016) 27(5): 609-612 ISSN 0103-6440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600973 1Department of Morphology, Anatomy Association between Facial division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual Type and Mandibular Canal de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil 2Department of Physiological Morphology – Analysis in Sciences, Pharmacology/ Anesthesiology/Therapeutics division, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual Digital Panoramic Radiographs de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Ana Paula Guidi Schmidt1, Ana Cláudia Rossi1, Alexandre Rodrigues Freire1, Correspondence: Profa. Dra. Ana 2 1 Cláudia Rossi, Avenida Limeira, Francisco Carlos Groppo , Felippe Bevilacqua Prado 901, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Tel: +55-19-2106-5721. e-mail: [email protected] In this study we investigate the association between facial type and mandibular canal course morphology analysing this in digital panoramic radiographs images. We used 603 digital images from panoramic radiographs. We selected only panoramic radiographs of fully dentate individuals, who had all lower molars bilaterally and with complete root formation. The sample distribution was determined by facial type and sex. The course of the mandibular canal, as seen in the panoramic radiographs, was classified into 3 types, bilaterally. The classification used was: type 1 if the mandibular canal is in contact or is positioned at most 2 mm from the root apex of the three permanent molars; type 2 if the mandibular canal is located halfway between the root apex of the three permanent molars and a half away from the mandibular basis; and type 3 if the mandibular canal is in contact with or approaches, a maximum of 2 mm from the cortical bone of the mandibular basis. -
Communication Between the Mylohyoid and Lingual Nerves: Clinical Implications
Int. J. Morphol., Case Report 25(3):561-564, 2007. Communication Between the Mylohyoid and Lingual Nerves: Clinical Implications Comunicación entre los Nervios Milohioideo y Lingual: Implicancias Clínicas *Valéria Paula Sassoli Fazan; **Omar Andrade Rodrigues Filho & ***Fernando Matamala FAZAN, V. P. S.; RODRIGUES FILHO, O. A. & MATAMALA, F. Communication between the mylohyoid and lingual nerves: Clinical implications. Int. J. Morphol., 25(3):561-564, 2007. SUMMARY: The mylohyoid muscle plays an important role in chewing, swallowing, respiration and phonation, being the mylohyoid nerve also closely related to these important functions. It has been postulated that the mylohyoid nerve might have a role in the sensory innervation of the chin and the lower incisor teeth while the role of the mylohyoid nerve in the mandibular posterior tooth sensation is still a controversial issue. Although variations in the course of the mylohyoid nerve in relation to the mandible are frequently found on the dissecting room, they have not been satisfactorily described in the anatomical or surgical literature. It is well known that variations on the branching pattern of the mandibular nerve frequently account for the failure to obtain adequate local anesthesia in routine oral and dental procedures and also for the unexpected injury to branches of the nerves during surgery. Also, anatomical variations might be responsible for unexpected and unexplained symptoms after a certain surgical procedure. We describe the presence of a communicating branch between the mylohyoid and lingual nerves in an adult male cadaver, and discuss its clinical/surgical implications as well as its possible role on the sensory innervation of the tongue. -
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Trajectory, Mental Foramen Location and Incidence of Mental Nerve Anterior Loop
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Sep 1;22 (5):e630-5. CBCT anatomy of the inferior alveolar nerve Journal section: Oral Surgery doi:10.4317/medoral.21905 Publication Types: Research http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.21905 Inferior alveolar nerve trajectory, mental foramen location and incidence of mental nerve anterior loop Miguel Velasco-Torres 1, Miguel Padial-Molina 1, Gustavo Avila-Ortiz 2, Raúl García-Delgado 3, Andrés Ca- tena 4, Pablo Galindo-Moreno 1 1 DDS, PhD, Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain 2 DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA 3 Specialist in Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology. Private Practice. Granada, Spain 4 PhD, Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Correspondence: School of Dentistry, University of Granada 18071 - Granada, Spain [email protected] Velasco-Torres M, Padial-Molina M, Avila-Ortiz G, García-Delgado R, Catena A, Galindo-Moreno P. Inferior alveolar nerve trajectory, mental foramen location and incidence of mental nerve anterior loop. Med Oral Received: 07/03/2017 Accepted: 21/06/2017 Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Sep 1;22 (5):e630-5. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v22i5/medoralv22i5p630.pdf Article Number: 21905 http://www.medicinaoral.com/ © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - pISSN 1698-4447 - eISSN: 1698-6946 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Science Citation Index Expanded Journal Citation Reports Index Medicus, MEDLINE, PubMed Scopus, Embase and Emcare Indice Médico Español Abstract Background: Injury of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a serious intraoperative complication that may occur during routine surgical procedures, such as dental implant placement or extraction of impacted teeth. -
Parts of the Body 1) Head – Caput, Capitus 2) Skull- Cranium Cephalic- Toward the Skull Caudal- Toward the Tail Rostral- Toward the Nose 3) Collum (Pl
BIO 3330 Advanced Human Cadaver Anatomy Instructor: Dr. Jeff Simpson Department of Biology Metropolitan State College of Denver 1 PARTS OF THE BODY 1) HEAD – CAPUT, CAPITUS 2) SKULL- CRANIUM CEPHALIC- TOWARD THE SKULL CAUDAL- TOWARD THE TAIL ROSTRAL- TOWARD THE NOSE 3) COLLUM (PL. COLLI), CERVIX 4) TRUNK- THORAX, CHEST 5) ABDOMEN- AREA BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE HIP BONES 6) PELVIS- AREA BETWEEN OS COXAS EXTREMITIES -UPPER 1) SHOULDER GIRDLE - SCAPULA, CLAVICLE 2) BRACHIUM - ARM 3) ANTEBRACHIUM -FOREARM 4) CUBITAL FOSSA 6) METACARPALS 7) PHALANGES 2 Lower Extremities Pelvis Os Coxae (2) Inominant Bones Sacrum Coccyx Terms of Position and Direction Anatomical Position Body Erect, head, eyes and toes facing forward. Limbs at side, palms facing forward Anterior-ventral Posterior-dorsal Superficial Deep Internal/external Vertical & horizontal- refer to the body in the standing position Lateral/ medial Superior/inferior Ipsilateral Contralateral Planes of the Body Median-cuts the body into left and right halves Sagittal- parallel to median Frontal (Coronal)- divides the body into front and back halves 3 Horizontal(transverse)- cuts the body into upper and lower portions Positions of the Body Proximal Distal Limbs Radial Ulnar Tibial Fibular Foot Dorsum Plantar Hallicus HAND Dorsum- back of hand Palmar (volar)- palm side Pollicus Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Pinky finger TERMS OF MOVEMENT 1) FLEXION: DECREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 2) EXTENSION: INCREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 3) ADDUCTION: TOWARDS MIDLINE -
Anatomical Study of Nutrient Vessels in the Condylar Neck Accessory Foramina
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-019-02304-w ORIGINAL ARTICLE Endosteal blood supply of the mandible: anatomical study of nutrient vessels in the condylar neck accessory foramina Matthieu Olivetto1 · Jérémie Bettoni1 · Jérôme Duisit2,3 · Louis Chenin4 · Jebrane Bouaoud1 · Stéphanie Dakpé1,5 · Bernard Devauchelle1,5 · Benoît Lengelé2,3 Received: 23 December 2018 / Accepted: 12 August 2019 © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose In the mandible, the condylar neck vascularization is commonly described as mainly periosteal; while the endosteal contribution is still debated, with very limited anatomical studies. Previous works have shown the contribution of nutrient vessels through accessory foramina and their contribution in the blood supply of other parts of the mandible. Our aim was to study the condylar neck’s blood supply from nutrient foramina. Methods Six latex-injected heads were dissected and two hundred mandibular condyles were observed on dry mandi- bles searching for accessory bone foramina. Results Latex-injected dissections showed a direct condylar medular arterial supply through foramina. On dry mandi- bles, these foramina were most frequently observed in the pterygoid fovea in 91% of cases. However, two other accessory foramina areas were identifed on the lateral and medial sides of the mandibular condylar process, confrming the vascular contribution of transverse facial and maxillary arteries. Conclusions The maxillary artery indeed provided both endosteal and periosteal blood supply to the condylar neck, with three diferent branches: an intramedullary ascending artery (arising from the inferior alveolar artery), a direct nutrient branch and some pterygoid osteomuscular branches. Keywords Condylar neck · Mandibular condyle · Mandible blood supply · Arterial vascularization · Maxillary artery Introduction condylar neck blood supply is still debated and has been poorly studied. -
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Paresthesia Caused by a Dentigerous Cyst Associated with Three Teeth
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007;12:E388-90. Dentigerous cyst associated with three teeth Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007;12:E388-90. Dentigerous cyst associated with three teeth Inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia caused by a dentigerous cyst associated with three teeth Mahmut Sumer 1, Burcu Baş 2, Levent Yıldız 3 (1) Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (2) Research Assistant, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry (3) Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey Correspondence: Dr. Burcu Baş Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey E-mail: [email protected] Sumer M, Baş B, Yıldız L. Inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia caused by Received: 29-09-2006 a dentigerous cyst associated with three teeth. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Accepted: 22-02-2007 Bucal 2007;12:E388-90. © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - ISSN 1698-6946 Indexed in: -Index Medicus / MEDLINE / PubMed -EMBASE, Excerpta Medica -SCOPUS -Indice Médico Español -IBECS ABSTRACT The dentigerous cyst is a common pathologic entity associated with an impacted tooth, usually third molars. They gen- erally are asymptomatic, being found on routine dental radiographic examination. This report describes the case of a 43 year old male with a large dentigerous cyst associated with mandibular canine, first and second premolar teeth that caused paresthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve. Key words: Dentigerous cyst, inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia, mandible. INTRODUCTION Case report The dentigerous or follicular cysts are the second most A 43-year-old male was referred to the Oral and Maxillo- common type of odontogenic cysts and the most common facial Surgery Clinic with the complaint of a swelling over- developmental cysts of the jaws (1). -
Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures
Rhoton Yoshioka Atlas of the Facial Nerve Unique Atlas Opens Window and Related Structures Into Facial Nerve Anatomy… Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures and Related Nerve Facial of the Atlas “His meticulous methods of anatomical dissection and microsurgical techniques helped transform the primitive specialty of neurosurgery into the magnificent surgical discipline that it is today.”— Nobutaka Yoshioka American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Nobutaka Yoshioka, MD, PhD and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr., MD have created an anatomical atlas of astounding precision. An unparalleled teaching tool, this atlas opens a unique window into the anatomical intricacies of complex facial nerves and related structures. An internationally renowned author, educator, brain anatomist, and neurosurgeon, Dr. Rhoton is regarded by colleagues as one of the fathers of modern microscopic neurosurgery. Dr. Yoshioka, an esteemed craniofacial reconstructive surgeon in Japan, mastered this precise dissection technique while undertaking a fellowship at Dr. Rhoton’s microanatomy lab, writing in the preface that within such precision images lies potential for surgical innovation. Special Features • Exquisite color photographs, prepared from carefully dissected latex injected cadavers, reveal anatomy layer by layer with remarkable detail and clarity • An added highlight, 3-D versions of these extraordinary images, are available online in the Thieme MediaCenter • Major sections include intracranial region and skull, upper facial and midfacial region, and lower facial and posterolateral neck region Organized by region, each layered dissection elucidates specific nerves and structures with pinpoint accuracy, providing the clinician with in-depth anatomical insights. Precise clinical explanations accompany each photograph. In tandem, the images and text provide an excellent foundation for understanding the nerves and structures impacted by neurosurgical-related pathologies as well as other conditions and injuries. -
Variants of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block: a Review 35 Anuradha M, Yashavanth Kumar D.S, Harsha .V
CODS Journal of Dentistry Ocial Publication of College of Dental Sciences Alumni Association, Davanagere Volume 6, Issue 1, 2014 CONTENTS Director’s Message 1 V.V. Subba Reddy President’s Message 2 Vasundhara Shivanna Secretary’s Message 3 Praveen S. Basandi Editorial 4 Nandini D.B Original Articles Effect of alcohol containing and alcohol free mouth rinses on microhardness of three 5 esthetic restorative materials Vasundhara Shivanna, Rucha Nilegaonkar Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies and fluorosis in a small cohort of 9 Indian school children and teenagers Selvamani. M , Praveen S Basandi, Madhushankari G.S Review Articles Paperless dentistry - The future 13 Mala Ram Manohar, Gajendra Bhansali Photo activated disinfection in restorative dentistry - A technical review 16 Deepak B.S, Mallikarjun Goud K, Nishanth P An overview of occupational hazards in dental practice and preventive measures. 19 Poorya Naik .D.S, Chetan .S, Gopal Krishna.B.R, Naveen Shamnur An overview on influences of estrogen and progesterone on periodontium 26 Deepa D CODS Journal of Dentistry 2014, Volume 6, Issue 1 CODS Journal of Dentistry Ocial Publication of College of Dental Sciences Alumni Association, Davanagere Volume 6, Issue 1, 2014 CONTENTS Review Articles Dental home - A new approach for child oral health care 30 Poornima P, Meghna Bajaj, Nagaveni N.B, Roopa K.B, V.V. Subba Reddy Variants of inferior alveolar nerve block: A review 35 Anuradha M, Yashavanth Kumar D.S, Harsha .V. Babji, Rahul Seth Case Reports Ellis-van Creveld syndrome affecting siblings: A case report and review 40 Mamatha G.P, Manisha Jadhav , Rajeshwari G Annigeri, Poornima .P, V.V Subba Reddy Integrated approach of ceramic and composite veneers in tetracycline stained teeth: A case report.