Rhoton Yoshioka Atlas of the Facial Nerve Unique Atlas Opens Window and Related Structures Into Facial Nerve Anatomy… Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures and Related Nerve Facial of the Atlas “His meticulous methods of anatomical dissection and microsurgical techniques helped transform the primitive specialty of neurosurgery into the magnificent surgical discipline that it is today.”— Nobutaka Yoshioka American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Nobutaka Yoshioka, MD, PhD and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr., MD have created an anatomical atlas of astounding precision. An unparalleled teaching tool, this atlas opens a unique window into the anatomical intricacies of complex facial nerves and related structures. An internationally renowned author, educator, brain anatomist, and neurosurgeon, Dr. Rhoton is regarded by colleagues as one of the fathers of modern microscopic neurosurgery. Dr. Yoshioka, an esteemed craniofacial reconstructive surgeon in Japan, mastered this precise dissection technique while undertaking a fellowship at Dr. Rhoton’s microanatomy lab, writing in the preface that within such precision images lies potential for surgical innovation. Special Features • Exquisite color photographs, prepared from carefully dissected latex injected cadavers, reveal anatomy layer by layer with remarkable detail and clarity • An added highlight, 3-D versions of these extraordinary images, are available online in the Thieme MediaCenter • Major sections include intracranial region and skull, upper facial and midfacial region, and lower facial and posterolateral neck region Organized by region, each layered dissection elucidates specific nerves and structures with pinpoint accuracy, providing the clinician with in-depth anatomical insights. Precise clinical explanations accompany each photograph. In tandem, the images and text provide an excellent foundation for understanding the nerves and structures impacted by neurosurgical-related pathologies as well as other conditions and injuries. An exceptionally stunning anatomical reference, this book is a must-have reference for residents and advanced clinicians specializing in neurosurgery, facial plastic surgery, oto- laryngology, maxillofacial surgery, and craniofacial surgery. Nobutaka Yoshioka, MD, PhD, is Director, Department of Craniofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Tominaga Hospital, Osaka, Japan. Albert L. Rhoton, Jr., MD, is R.D. Keene Family Professor and Chairman Emeritus, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA. An award-winning international medical and scientific publisher, Thieme has demonstrated its commitment to the highest standard of quality in the state-of-the-art content and presentation of all of its products. Thieme’s trademark blue and silver covers have become synonymous with excellence in publishing. ISBN 978-1-62623-171-9 9 7 8 1 6 2 6 2 3 1 7 1 9 www.thieme.com ffirs01.indd i 2/10/2015 1:41:03 PM ffirs01.indd ii 2/10/2015 1:41:03 PM Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures Nobutaka Yoshioka , MD, PhD Director Department of Craniofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery Tominaga Hospital Osaka, Japan Albert L. Rhoton , Jr., MD R.D. Keene Family Professor and Chairman Emeritus Department of Neurosurgery College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville, Florida With 97 Illustrations Thieme New York • Stuttgart • Delhi • Rio de Janeiro ffirs02.indd iii 2/10/2015 2:07:52 PM Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing 333 Seventh Ave. continual development. Research and clinical experience are continu- New York, NY 10001 ally expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage Executive Editor: Timothy Hiscock or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and Managing Editor: Sarah Landis publishers have made every eff ort to ensure that such references are Editorial Assistant: Nikole Connors in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production Senior Vice President, Editorial and Electronic Product of the book. Development: Cornelia Schulze Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guaran- Production Editor: Barbara A. Chernow tee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any International Production Director: Andreas Schabert dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. International Marketing Director: Fiona Henderson Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ Director of Sales, North America: Mike Roseman leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consul- International Sales Director: Louisa Turrell tation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules Vice President, Finance and Accounts: Sarah Vanderbilt mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufac- President: Brian D. Scanlan turers diff er from the statements made in the present book. Such Compositor: Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited examination is particularly important with drugs thatare either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s Yoshioka, Nobutaka, author. own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every Atlas of the facial nerve and related structures / Nobutaka user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies Yoshioka, Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. noticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will p. ; cm. be posted at www.thieme.com on the product description page. Includes index. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs ISBN 978-1-62623-171-9 (alk. paper) referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or propri- I. Rhoton, Albert L., 1932– , author. II. Title. etary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always [DNLM: 1. Facial Nerve—anatomy & histology—Atlases. made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without des- 2. Head—anatomy & histology—Atlases. 3. Neck—anatomy & ignation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by histology—Atlases. WL 17] the publisher that it is in the public domain. QP327 612.9’2078—dc23 2014044551 Copyright ©2015 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA + 1 800 782 3488, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany + 49 [0]711 8931 421, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, Noida-201301 Uttar Pradesh, India + 91 120 45 566 00, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Rio, Thieme Publicações Ltda. Argentina Building 16th fl oor, Ala A, 228 Praia do Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 22250-040 Brazil + 55 21 3736-3631 This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copy- Printed in China by Everbest Printing Ltd. 5 4 3 2 1 right. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is ISBN 978-1-62623-171-9 illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of Also available as an e-book: any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data eISBN 978-1-62623-172-6 processing and storage. ffirs03.indd iv 2/10/2015 1:41:06 PM Contents Preface by Nobutaka Yoshioka. vii Preface by Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. .ix Section I Intracranial Region and Skull . 1 1 Intracranial Region. 3 2 Skull: External and Internal Views . 7 3 Orbit and Facial Bone . 12 Section II Upper Facial and Midfacial Region. 19 4 Upper Facial and Midfacial Region Overview. 21 5 Forehead and Orbital Region. 23 6 Temporal Region. 32 7 Superfi cial Structures in the Midfacial Region. 38 8 Maxillary Region. 49 9 Masseteric Region . 56 10 Deep Structures in the Midfacial Region. 61 Section III Lower Facial and Posterolateral Neck Region . 79 11 Lower Facial Region . 81 12 Oral Floor and Upper Neck Region . 88 13 Posterior Neck and Occipital Region. 91 14 Lateral Neck Region . 102 Index. 105 Note: Every fi gure shows the left side whenever the unilateral side is shown. ftoc.indd v 2/10/2015 6:23:02 PM ftoc.indd vi 2/10/2015 1:41:08 PM Preface It has been more than ten years since I fi nished my fellowship Facial reanimation surgery has been my life ’ s work for at the Microneuroanatomy Laboratory at the University of more than 10 years, and with this book, Dr. Rhoton and Florida. I fi rst met Dr. Albert Rhoton at the seventh meeting I had as our goal the creation of an atlas of anatomy of the of the Japanese Society for Skull Base Surgery, held in Hakata, facial nerve illustrated with precisely dissected specimens, Japan, in 1995. I will never forget how deeply impressed I was similar to the beautifully illustrated Pernkopf Anatomy . I by the anatomical illustrations he showed at that meeting. As believe that an atlas of anatomy consisting of specimens is every neurosurgeon now knows, his images detail delicate more understandable than one with illustrations, even if they brain anatomy in a unique way, and it was something that I are delicately drawn. Our appreciation of basic human had never seen before. Then, from Septembr 2003 to August anatomy is not always complete, and a thorough reevaluation 2004, I had an opportunity to study head anatomy at his labo- of the literature supplemented by detailed cadaver dissec- ratory. At that time, I was a board-certifi ed plastic surgeon tions can lead to new insights that may alter our surgical and a board-certifi ed neurosurgeon in Japan. Although I had technique. been working exclusively as a plastic surgeon rather than as Finally, I want to express my appreciation for the patience a neurosurgeon, Dr. Rhoton generously allowed me to study of my children, Aya, Satoshi, Akira, and Jun, while I have been the anatomy of the extracranial region at his laboratory.