GROSS ANATOMY Lecture Syllabus 2008
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Lecture Notes on Human Anatomy. Part One, Fourth Edition. PUB DATE Sep 89 NOTE 79P.; for Related Documents, See SE 051 219-221
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 315 320 SE 051 218 AUTHOR Conrey, Kathleen TITLE Lecture Notes on Human Anatomy. Part One, Fourth Edition. PUB DATE Sep 89 NOTE 79p.; For related documents, see SE 051 219-221. Black and white illustrations will not reproduce clearly. AVAILABLE FROM Aramaki Design and Publications, 12077 Jefferson Blvd., Culver City, CA 90506 ($7.75). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Anatomy; *Biological Sciences; *College Science; Higher Education; *Human Body; *Lecture Method; Science Education; Secondary Education; Secondary School Science; Teaching Guides; Teaching Methods ABSTRACT During the process of studying the specific course content of human anatomy, students are being educated to expand their vocabulary, deal successfully with complex tasks, anduse a specific way of thinking. This is the first volume in a set of notes which are designed to accompany a lecture series in human anatomy. This volume Includes discussions of anatomical planes and positions, body cavities, and architecture; studies of the skeleton including bones and joints; studies of the musculature of the body; and studiesof the nervous system including the central, autonomic, motor and sensory systems. (CW) *****1.**k07********Y*******t1.****+***********,****A*******r****** % Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **************************************************************A**t***** "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE -
Vessels and Circulation
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OUTLINE 23.1 Anatomy of Blood Vessels 684 23.1a Blood Vessel Tunics 684 23.1b Arteries 685 23.1c Capillaries 688 23 23.1d Veins 689 23.2 Blood Pressure 691 23.3 Systemic Circulation 692 Vessels and 23.3a General Arterial Flow Out of the Heart 693 23.3b General Venous Return to the Heart 693 23.3c Blood Flow Through the Head and Neck 693 23.3d Blood Flow Through the Thoracic and Abdominal Walls 697 23.3e Blood Flow Through the Thoracic Organs 700 Circulation 23.3f Blood Flow Through the Gastrointestinal Tract 701 23.3g Blood Flow Through the Posterior Abdominal Organs, Pelvis, and Perineum 705 23.3h Blood Flow Through the Upper Limb 705 23.3i Blood Flow Through the Lower Limb 709 23.4 Pulmonary Circulation 712 23.5 Review of Heart, Systemic, and Pulmonary Circulation 714 23.6 Aging and the Cardiovascular System 715 23.7 Blood Vessel Development 716 23.7a Artery Development 716 23.7b Vein Development 717 23.7c Comparison of Fetal and Postnatal Circulation 718 MODULE 9: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM mck78097_ch23_683-723.indd 683 2/14/11 4:31 PM 684 Chapter Twenty-Three Vessels and Circulation lood vessels are analogous to highways—they are an efficient larger as they merge and come closer to the heart. The site where B mode of transport for oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hor- two or more arteries (or two or more veins) converge to supply the mones, and waste products to and from body tissues. The heart is same body region is called an anastomosis (ă-nas ′tō -mō′ sis; pl., the mechanical pump that propels the blood through the vessels. -
E Pleura and Lungs
Bailey & Love · Essential Clinical Anatomy · Bailey & Love · Essential Clinical Anatomy Essential Clinical Anatomy · Bailey & Love · Essential Clinical Anatomy · Bailey & Love Bailey & Love · Essential Clinical Anatomy · Bailey & Love · EssentialChapter Clinical4 Anatomy e pleura and lungs • The pleura ............................................................................63 • MCQs .....................................................................................75 • The lungs .............................................................................64 • USMLE MCQs ....................................................................77 • Lymphatic drainage of the thorax ..............................70 • EMQs ......................................................................................77 • Autonomic nervous system ...........................................71 • Applied questions .............................................................78 THE PLEURA reections pass laterally behind the costal margin to reach the 8th rib in the midclavicular line and the 10th rib in the The pleura is a broelastic serous membrane lined by squa- midaxillary line, and along the 12th rib and the paravertebral mous epithelium forming a sac on each side of the chest. Each line (lying over the tips of the transverse processes, about 3 pleural sac is a closed cavity invaginated by a lung. Parietal cm from the midline). pleura lines the chest wall, and visceral (pulmonary) pleura Visceral pleura has no pain bres, but the parietal pleura covers -
The Anatomic Basis of Vertebrogenic Pain and the Autonomic Syndrome Associated with Lumbar Disk Extrusion
219 The Anatomic Basis of Vertebrogenic Pain and the Autonomic Syndrome Associated with Lumbar Disk Extrusion 1 2 John R. Jinkins • Extruded lumbar intervertebral disks traditionally have been classified as posterior or Anthony R. Whittemore 1 central in location. A retrospective review of 250 MR imaging examinations of the lumbar William G. Bradley1 spine that used mid- and high-field imagers revealed 145 positive studies, which included a significant number of extrusions extending anteriorly. With the lateral margin of the neural foramen/pedicle as the boundary, 29.2% of peripheral disk extrusions were anterior and 56.4% were posterior. In addition, a prevalence of 14.4% was found for central disk extrusions, in which there was a rupture of disk material into or through the vertebral body itself. The clinical state of neurogenic spinal radiculopathy accom panying posterior disk extrusion has been well defined; however, uncomplicated anterior and central disk extrusions also may be associated with a definite clinical syndrome. The vertebrogenic symptom complex includes (1) local and referred pain and (2) autonomic reflex dysfunction within the lumbosacral zones of Head. Generalized alter ations in viscerosomatic tone potentially may also be observed. The anatomic basis for the mediation of clinical signs and symptoms generated within the disk and paradiskal structures rests with afferent sensory fibers from two primary sources: (1) posterolateral neural branches emanating from the ventral ramus of the somatic spinal root and (2) neural rami projecting directly to the paravertebral autonomic neural plexus. Thus, conscious perception and unconscious effects originating in the vertebral column, although complex, have definite pathways represented in this dual peripheral innervation associated with intimately related andfor parallel central ramifications. -
Chapter 22 *Lecture Powerpoint
Chapter 22 *Lecture PowerPoint The Respiratory System *See separate FlexArt PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Introduction • Breathing represents life! – First breath of a newborn baby – Last gasp of a dying person • All body processes directly or indirectly require ATP – ATP synthesis requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide – Drives the need to breathe to take in oxygen, and eliminate carbon dioxide 22-2 Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Expected Learning Outcomes – State the functions of the respiratory system – Name and describe the organs of this system – Trace the flow of air from the nose to the pulmonary alveoli – Relate the function of any portion of the respiratory tract to its gross and microscopic anatomy 22-3 Anatomy of the Respiratory System • The respiratory system consists of a system of tubes that delivers air to the lung – Oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses out • Respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to deliver oxygen to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide – Considered jointly as cardiopulmonary system – Disorders of lungs directly effect the heart and vice versa • Respiratory system and the urinary system collaborate to regulate the body’s acid–base balance 22-4 Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Respiration has three meanings – Ventilation of the lungs (breathing) – The exchange of gases between the air and blood, and between blood and the tissue fluid – The use of oxygen in cellular metabolism 22-5 Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Functions – Provides O2 and CO2 exchange between blood and air – Serves for speech and other vocalizations – Provides the sense of smell – Affects pH of body fluids by eliminating CO2 22-6 Anatomy of the Respiratory System Cont. -
Latin Language and Medical Terminology
ODESSA NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Department of foreign languages Latin Language and medical terminology TextbookONMedU for 1st year students of medicine and dentistry Odessa 2018 Authors: Liubov Netrebchuk, Tamara Skuratova, Liubov Morar, Anastasiya Tsiba, Yelena Chaika ONMedU This manual is meant for foreign students studying the course “Latin and Medical Terminology” at Medical Faculty and Dentistry Faculty (the language of instruction: English). 3 Preface Textbook “Latin and Medical Terminology” is designed to be a comprehensive textbook covering the entire curriculum for medical students in this subject. The course “Latin and Medical Terminology” is a two-semester course that introduces students to the Latin and Greek medical terms that are commonly used in Medicine. The aim of the two-semester course is to achieve an active command of basic grammatical phenomena and rules with a special stress on the system of the language and on the specific character of medical terminology and promote further work with it. The textbook consists of three basic parts: 1. Anatomical Terminology: The primary rank is for anatomical nomenclature whose international version remains Latin in the full extent. Anatomical nomenclature is produced on base of the Latin language. Latin as a dead language does not develop and does not belong to any country or nation. It has a number of advantages that classical languages offer, its constancy, international character and neutrality. 2. Clinical Terminology: Clinical terminology represents a very interesting part of the Latin language. Many clinical terms came to English from Latin and people are used to their meanings and do not consider about their origin. -
The Liver Lecture
Gross Anatomy Liver • The largest single organ in the human body. • In an adult, it weighs about three pounds and is roughly the size of a football. • Located in the upper right-hand part of the abdomen, behind the lower ribs. Gross Anatomy • The liver is divided) into four lobes: the right (the largest lobe), left , quadrate and caudate lobes. • Supplied with blood via the protal vein and hepatic artery. • Blood carried away by the hepatic vein. • It is connected to the diaphragm and abdomainal walls by five ligaments. • The liver is the only human organ that has the remarkable property of self- • Gall Bladder regeneration. If a part of the liver is – Muscular bag for the storage, removed, the remaining parts can concentration, acidification and grow back to its original size and delivery of bile to small shape. intestine Microscopic Anatomy • Hepatocyte—functional unit of the liver – Cuboidal cells – Arranged in plates lobules – Nutrient storage and release – Bile production and secretion – Plasma protein synthesis – Cholesterol Synthesis Microscopic Anatomy • Kuppfer cells – Phagocytic cells • Fat Storing Cells • Sinusoids – Fenestrated vessel – Wider than capillaries – Lined with endothelial cells – Blood flow • Branches of the hepatic artery • Branches of the Hepatic portal vein, central vein • Bile canaliculi Microscopic Anatomy Blood and Bile Flow in Opposite Directions • Blood Flow • Bile Flow • Deoxygenated blood from stomach or small intestine Hepatic • Bile produced in PortalVein venules sinusoids hepatocytes secreted into -
Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and Main Principals Of
Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and main principals of anatomical, pharmaceutical and clinical terminology (Student's book) Simferopol, 2017 Contents No. Topics Page 1. UNIT I. Latin language history. Phonetics. Alphabet. Vowels and consonants classification. Diphthongs. Digraphs. Letter combinations. 4-13 Syllable shortness and longitude. Stress rules. 2. UNIT II. Grammatical noun categories, declension characteristics, noun 14-25 dictionary forms, determination of the noun stems, nominative and genitive cases and their significance in terms formation. I-st noun declension. 3. UNIT III. Adjectives and its grammatical categories. Classes of adjectives. Adjective entries in dictionaries. Adjectives of the I-st group. Gender 26-36 endings, stem-determining. 4. UNIT IV. Adjectives of the 2-nd group. Morphological characteristics of two- and multi-word anatomical terms. Syntax of two- and multi-word 37-49 anatomical terms. Nouns of the 2nd declension 5. UNIT V. General characteristic of the nouns of the 3rd declension. Parisyllabic and imparisyllabic nouns. Types of stems of the nouns of the 50-58 3rd declension and their peculiarities. 3rd declension nouns in combination with agreed and non-agreed attributes 6. UNIT VI. Peculiarities of 3rd declension nouns of masculine, feminine and neuter genders. Muscle names referring to their functions. Exceptions to the 59-71 gender rule of 3rd declension nouns for all three genders 7. UNIT VII. 1st, 2nd and 3rd declension nouns in combination with II class adjectives. Present Participle and its declension. Anatomical terms 72-81 consisting of nouns and participles 8. UNIT VIII. Nouns of the 4th and 5th declensions and their combination with 82-89 adjectives 9. -
Thymectomy with an Endoscopic Approach
Review Article on Thoracic Surgery Page 1 of 6 Thymectomy with an endoscopic approach Takashi Suda Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan Correspondence to: Takashi Suda, MD. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Various surgical approaches, including endoscopic surgery, are used when operating on tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Accordingly, surgical approaches for anterior mediastinal tumors include conventional median sternotomy, transcervical thymectomy from the cervical region, lateral thoracic intercostal approach, and the subxiphoid approach. Recently, robot-assisted surgery and single-port surgery are now performed as new forms of endoscopic surgery in the field of thoracic surgery and are now being adapted for anterior mediastinal tumors. We review current endoscopic surgical approaches for anterior mediastinal tumors and describe surgical techniques for thymectomy by a lateral thoracic intercostal approach, which is currently widely performed, as well as thymectomy by a subxiphoid approach. Keywords: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS); subxiphoid approach; thymectomy; robotic thymectomy; uniportal; single-port Received: 17 February 2019; Published: 07 March 2019; Published: 15 March 2019. doi: 10.21037/jovs.2019.03.09 View this article at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jovs.2019.03.09 Introduction Median sternotomy Various surgical approaches, including endoscopic surgery, Median sternotomy is a classic method that was first reported are used when operating on tumors of the anterior by Milton et al. in 1897. This technique is still the standard mediastinum. Surgical methods involving an anterior surgical approach for anterior mediastinal tumors (8). -
SJ FILE Explanations, Comments, Pictures (Edited in MARCH 2018)
SJ FILE explanations, comments, pictures (edited in MARCH 2018) Explanations: - the total number of Qs is different than in the original file, because I don’t like repeated Qs, so I was removing some while editing - the numbering system is different than in the original file, because I wanted to fit some pictures on a certain page and due to that I had to move around some Qs, so Qs #123 in this file might be #150 in the original file: I was regretting that step while studying with other people, but there’s nothing I can do now - usually the Qs in this file compared to the original are within +/- 20 Qs range, so if you are discussing a Qs with someone else look for it on a certain page, page up & page down = you will find it - this file is a combination between two SJ files available on the group (forgot which ones), if there was a difference in an answer I would look it up and post an explanation - I edited a lot of answers while studying with others, I believe these answers are correct and have minor mistakes - I passed studying from this file - questions with “????” → I didn’t understand the qs and I am not sure of the answer MC = most common Epi = epinephrine NEpi = norepinephrine LN = lymp node 1 1. Papilla of the tongue, no taste: FILIFORM 2. Tracheostomy: PHYSIOLOGICAL DEAD SPACE Physiological dead space = anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space Anatomical dead space doesn’t contribute to gas exchange. Anatomical dead space is decreased by: I. -
Anatomy of the Breast Doctors Notes Notes/Extra Explanation Please View Our Editing File Before Studying This Lecture to Check for Any Changes
Color Code Important Anatomy of the Breast Doctors Notes Notes/Extra explanation Please view our Editing File before studying this lecture to check for any changes. Objectives By the end of the lecture, the student should be able to: ✓ Describe the shape and position of the female breast. ✓ Describe the structure of the mammary gland. ✓ List the blood supply of the female breast. ✓ Describe the lymphatic drainage of the female breast. ✓ Describe the applied anatomy in the female breast. Highly recommended Introduction 06:26 Overview of the breast: • The breast (consists of mammary glands + associated skin & Extra connective tissue) is a gland made up of lobes arranged radially .around the nipple (شعاعيا) • Each lobe is further divided into lobules. Between the lobes and lobules we have fat & ligaments called ligaments of cooper • These ligaments attach the skin to the muscle (beneath the breast) to give support to the breast. in shape (مخروطي) *o Shape: it is conical o Position: It lies in superficial fascia of the front of chest. * o Parts: It has a: 1. Base lies on muscles, (حلمة الثدي) Apex nipple .2 3. Tail extend into axilla Extra Position of Female Breast (حلقة ملونة) Base Nipple Areola o Extends from 2nd to 6th ribs. o It extends from the lateral margin of sternum medially to the midaxillary line laterally. o It has no capsule. o It lies on 3 muscles: • 2/3 of its base on (1) pectoralis major* Extra muscle, • inferolateral 1/3 on (2) Serratus anterior & (3) External oblique muscles (muscle of anterior abdominal wall). o Its superolateral part sends a process into the axilla called the axillary tail or axillary process. -
CVM 6100 Veterinary Gross Anatomy
2010 CVM 6100 Veterinary Gross Anatomy General Anatomy & Carnivore Anatomy Lecture Notes by Thomas F. Fletcher, DVM, PhD and Christina E. Clarkson, DVM, PhD 1 CONTENTS Connective Tissue Structures ........................................3 Osteology .........................................................................5 Arthrology .......................................................................7 Myology .........................................................................10 Biomechanics and Locomotion....................................12 Serous Membranes and Cavities .................................15 Formation of Serous Cavities ......................................17 Nervous System.............................................................19 Autonomic Nervous System .........................................23 Abdominal Viscera .......................................................27 Pelvis, Perineum and Micturition ...............................32 Female Genitalia ...........................................................35 Male Genitalia...............................................................37 Head Features (Lectures 1 and 2) ...............................40 Cranial Nerves ..............................................................44 Connective Tissue Structures Histologic types of connective tissue (c.t.): 1] Loose areolar c.t. — low fiber density, contains spaces that can be filled with fat or fluid (edema) [found: throughout body, under skin as superficial fascia and in many places as deep fascia]