PEN-Y-BRYN FARM, NERCWYS

Heritage Statement & Impact Assessment. Chambers Conservation Ltd, June 2020, Issue 3.

Chambers Conservation Ltd 88 Tattenhall Road, Tattenhall, CH3 9QJ www.chambersconservation.com

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 2 Issue 3 – April 2020.

CONTENTS.

1.0 Introduction 2.0 Planning and Policy Context 3.0 Understanding 3.1 Location and Setting 3.2 Heritage Context 3.3 Description of the Buildings and Site 3.4 History 3.5 Historic Development Plans 4.0 Significance 4.1 Assessing Significance 4.2 Significance Assessment 4.3 Significance Plans 5.0 Heritage Impact

Appendix A Heritage Impact Assessment Table Appendix B Listed Building Description.

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 This report has been written to define the significance of Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys, Flintshire. It is intended to provide a summary context of the buildings to enable an assessment of the Heritage Impact in accordance with the requirements of TAN 24 and Heritage Impact Assessment in Wales, Welsh Government, Cadw, 2017 1.2 The report has been written by Robert Chambers, BA(hons), BArch, ADDP, RIBA, AABC on behalf of Chambers Conservation, for Helen Harley, the owner and applicant. It should be read in conjunction with all other supporting documentation. 2.0 Planning & Policy Context

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Planning Policy Context 2.1.1.1 Both national and local planning policies and guidance affect the planning policy context for the proposal site. These include the Flintshire County Council Unitary Development Plan 2000-2015 (Adopted 28th September 2011) and Flintshire Supplementary Planning Guidance Note No. 6 Listed Buildings.

2.1.1.2 Planning Policy Wales Edition 9 (November 2016), Section 6, Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016, Technical Advice Note 24 (The Historic Environment) 2017 including annex 1 (Historic Impact Assessment in Wales), 2 (Managing Change to Listed Buildings in Wales) and 6 (Setting of Historic Assets in Wales)

2.1.1.3 Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales’, Cadw, 2010.

2.1.2 A detailed assessment of the relevant planning policies and how they are reflected in the proposals are given in the accompanying Design and Access Statement.

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3.0 Understanding

3.1 Location and Setting

3.1.1 Wider Context

3.1.1.1 Pen-y-Bryn is sited some 0.2 km NE of the historic core of Nercwys. It is sited on a promontory, which to three sides is wooded. The location of the site is shown below.

3.1.1.2 To the SE of the site, some 0.75km distant is Nerquis Hall, a grade I listed building, with a complex of adjacent listed structures.

3.1.1.3 The site is some 3km south of the town of Mold.

Fig 01 Aerial View of Pen-y-Bryn showing the immediate context. © Google Earth.

3.2 Heritage Context

3.2.1 Adjacent Heritage Assets Pen-y-Bryn Farm is listed Grade II. It should be noted that listed buildings are afforded statutory protection under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Buildings are listed because of their special architectural and historic interest which through designation is considered to be important in national terms. National and local planning policy recognises that changes to buildings or sites within the vicinity of a listed building can affect the special interest of a that listed building. The site sits to the NE of the centre of historic Nercwys, which has a range of designated heritage assets as follows: 3.2.1.1 (15229) Churchuard Gates and Walls at St Mary's Church (II)

3.2.1.2 (312) - St Mary's Parish Church (II*) 3.2.1.3 15226 - Sundial in St Mary's Churchyard (II)

3.2.1.4 15228 - Former Bier-House at St Mary's Church (II) 3.2.1.5 15225 - L-Shaped Range of Farm Buildings at Plas Yn Llan (II)

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3.2.1.6 15224 - Plas yn Llan (II) Approximately 0.75km To the SE of Pen-y-Bryn is Nerquis Hall which includes a significant group of heritage assets, including the Hall (15207) which is listed grade I. To the NE is Pistyll Farmhouse (15248, II).

The centre of Nercwys Village is designated as a conservation area. The boundary of which stops short of Pen-y-Bryn, see plan below.

Fig 02 Nercwys Conservation Area Boundary.

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Fig 03 Aerial View of Pen-y-Bryn showing the wider context with the Church to the SW and Nerquis Hall to the SE. © Google Earth.

3.3 Description of the Buildings and Site.

3.3.1 Listed Building Description

The listed building description for Pen-y-Bryn is relatively detailed, dating from 1994. It is therefore included in full in the appendices. There are, in our view, some erroneous aspects of the description which have become apparent during a more detailed inspection of the built fabric on site, this is referenced in the description, below, and in the significance assessment.

3.3.2 Exterior

The farmhouse and byre can be categorised as part of the ‘linear’ plan type (refer to History and historic development), i.e. the byre and farmhouse are constructed together and in a linear form.

The earliest part of the farmhouse is constructed in rubble stone, with a central door. The stonework has been rendered in a cementitious pebble-dash. The main entrance front faces the yard to the east. The first floor here extends up to two small pitched dormer windows, with modern boarded fascias.

The entrance door is modern and boarded (this has replaced the earlier, but still modern, part glazed door referred to in the listing description). The frame is stop-champfered and probably 19th century date. The windows are all poor quality, mid 20th century casements, except for that immediately to the right of the entrance door which is a horizontal sliding sash, probably of early 19th century origin. The other windows previously followed this pattern (refer to photographic evidence elsewhere). The ground floor windows have boarded shutters, probably early 19th century,

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with early catches. The northern-most of the ground floor windows is evidently later, the façade having been symmetrical originally.

Fig 04 View of the farmhouse, the early section (S) to the left, with the taller early C19 section on the right.

Fig 05 View of the farmhouse and byre, illustrating the original elements of the linear farmstead.

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Fig 06 Site plan showing the primary built elements of Pen-y-Bryn farm. The primary range only is described in the listing description, which does not mention the C19 barn to the N.

Early C20 walled garden and pool.

C19 Barn

Primary range, farmhouse and byre.

Ffordd Pen-y-Bryn

Stable

To the north, the much taller early 19th century extension is of significantly taller scale. Constructed from more substantial rubble, some of which has been squared and with broached tooling to the lintels. The lintels are left exposed, whilst the majority of the stonework has been rendered in a modern cementitious pebble-dash. This is entered via a boarded door with tripartite fanlight over, which contains some early glass. The door itself is boarded, but modern. It does, however, retain some early hinges internally. The windows are all modern mid-late C20 casements of poor quality.

To the rear, there are three later service wings. To the south a much-altered rubble-stone outrigger, with significant alteration to incorporate modern windows and evidence of a larger window opening to the gable wall. Extensively pointed in cement. The ridge runs east-west, perpendicular to the main house. The central wing forms the bake-house and is stepped up from the general floor level with a cellar beneath. The ridge runs east-west, perpendicular to the main house. This is linked to the southern wing by a timber and steel structure and polycarbonate roof (probably c.1970).

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Fig 07 Views of the wings to the rear of the farmhouse. Clockwise from top-left, a. the rear of the bakehouse and kitchen. b. The canopy/covered link between kitchen and bakehouse. c. outrigger to rear of early C19 extension (covered with tarpaulin), note modern windows above. d. General view of rear elevation of byre and stable.

Fig 08 Views of the byre and stable. Clockwise from top-left, a. front elevation of byre. b. Front elevation of stable. c. Rear elevation of byre and lean-to. d. End gable and rear elevation, stable.

The northern wing takes the form of a lean-to against the rear of the early 19th century

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extension. Set slightly off the bakehouse, it is part brick and part stone construction. The vertical crack at the junction with the main house suggests this is a later 19th century addition, or has been extensively remodelled. The byre extends to the south of the farmhouse, and at the end is a later addition in the form of a small stable (to the south). The main walling is of rubble, but with dressed blocks to openings, in particular, the central door has well-dressed sandstone voussoirs. The south gable extends into a parapet, with kneeler stones. There were ventilation slits at high-level, these have been infilled with brickwork and there is a simple 4 pane window to the south of central door, at loft level, with a boarded opening opposite. Further doors exist near the stable (the door having ventilation slits) and a probably later opening with brick arch and jambs nearer the house. The byre retains some limewash to the entrance elevation, with evidence of a rich ochre coloured limewash remaining. To the rear is a lean-to small outrigger with parapet gables (with kneeler stones).

The stable is in dressed, squared stone. Openings have voussoirs and dressings. The end (south) gable extends up to a parapet with kneeler stones. The door is a contemporary three- boarded door. Small windows exist adjacent and in the gable to the loft. Roofs are all slate, probably Berwyn or Ffestiniog.

3.3.3 Interior

Farmhouse

Fig 09 Farmhouse interior (ground floor). Clockwise from top-left, a & b. south-room (Cegin), showing fireplace and bressumer with mantle. c & d. Kitchen showing modern ceiling, floor, window and plasterwork.

The earliest part of the farmhouse is probably of lobby-entry plan, with a central stack. On entry, the former cegin has a large inglenook with arched bressumer and mantle shelf above

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(probably later, as noted on the listing description). Floor is generally of quarry tiles, laid in cement, of mid-late 20th century date. ceilings of the ground floor would appear to be late 19th century, they are heavily beamed with stop-champfers. Potentially they could have replaced a much earlier simple ‘loft’ with ladder access.

The other room of the early house is plain, the fireplace having been in-filled. Floor as the cegin.

The southern wing has been extensively modified with new floor, modern plasterwork, new ceiling and a late 20th century staircase leading to the first floor.

The bakehouse retains a significant amount of historic detail, including copper and bake oven within a substantial inglenook to the west gable. The inglenook is supported by a substantial bressumer, which is slightly arched.

Fig 10 Views of the first floor of the farmhouse (C17 section). Clockwise from top-left, a. South room (looking west). b. South room, looking east. c. North room, looking south-east. d. North room, looking north.

To the south wall of the bakehouse a small stair leads to a small brick, arched, cellar. Modern blockwork has been introduced as temporary support around the entrance. The interior of the bakehouse is very damp, affected by the proximity of adjoining structures and the ineffectual drainage. The early 19th century addition is linked to the earlier house, and provided with a separate entrance, leading to a hall with contemporary staircase. The staircase, in oak, has plain balusters, a swept rail and turned newel.

Doors in the later extension are five-panelled with simple early 19th century architraves and linings. The primary ground floor room has panelled wall cupboards and shutters (the window is, as noted, modern). There is an early 20th century fireplace of some quality with tiled surround. The timber floor is badly decayed and partially removed, having no ventilation beneath.

Beneath the stair is a cupboard with a contemporary door and interesting part slatted screen. The door adjacent opens into the rear lean-to extension, which is a step lower than the main

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building. This room is in very poor condition, with extensive application of gypsum plasters and evidence of some reconstruction, including the roof which is entirely modern with a plasterboard ceiling (partly missing) beneath and now in very poor condition. The floor is 19th century clay paments.

Fig 11 Views of early C19 extension, interior. Clockwise from top-left, a Staircase and door to C17 house. b. Stair and entrance door c. Detail of door and louvre above (beneath stair). d. General view of the primary ground floor room, showing C19 cupboards and early C20 fire place and overmantle.

The Byre

The Byre is divided into three sections at ground level with later screens. The wall between the byre and the earliest part of the house is in brick, probably of late 18th or early 19th century date. The roof is supported on king post trusses, both of which are missing a strut. The purlins are contemporary with the trusses, but the common rafters, battens and slating are of

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more recent date.

Fig 12 Bakehouse, left-right. a. fireplace, bressumer and copper. b. Detail of bake oven c. Stairs to cellar.

Fig 13 Outrigger to rear of C19 extension. Left, view looking north, showing modern plaster and ceiling. Right, view looking south-west.

The northern screen is of boarded construction, with a brick plinth, and probably 19th century. The southern is more modern, in pressed brick, with boarding above. To the south, there are the remnants of the hayloft, with some lime-washed beams remaining in-situ. The byre also retains some 19th century hay-racks, basic stalls and various modern (concrete and clay) feeding troughs etc. A high-level opening in the south gable links the hay-loft to that of the stable. The purlin in the south-western corner is currently propped, and significant cracking is apparent to the south gable.

The flooring in the northern section is part 19th century blue patterned pavers (to the front) and concrete beyond. To the central section, generally clay paments, and to the north in brick with stone edgings, laid perpendicular with a central well and stalls either side, draining to the entrance.

Stable

The stable retains a single early 19th century stall rail, swept, and a hayrack, with early hooks

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Fig 14 Views of the byre and stable. Clockwise from top-left, a. typical truss – note missing brace. b. hayrack and modern feeding trough c. south gable, note propping to purlin, opening through to stable loft. d. General view of stable.

above the entrance door and window. There is also a modern stall and services. The hay-loft floor appears to be of later date. The Barn

Fig 15 View of the South Elevation of the barn from the entrance courtyard.

The Barn provides enclosure to the courtyard on the North side. A later structure (probably late C19), it is not specifically referenced in the listed building description, but has a distinctive quality.

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It’s masonry is generally limestone, contrasting with the sandstone generally used in the farmhouse and byre. This creates a pleasing contrast.

Fig 16 Views of the North Elevation of the barn, showing (top) the lean-to and the garden wall (brick), meeting the building. Bottom, NE showing later water tank on brick piers and later lean to on the E elevation.

Front elevation comprises a cart shed (cartws) to the ground floor and assocated storage and sheds. The cartws door has been lost and replaced by a modern, poor quality ad-hoc door which is bolted to the front of the masonry. Other openings retain earlier doors. To the E there is a

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corrugated lean to of ad-hoc nature. The first-floor would have been a grain/hay loft, this is reached by a stone stair. This upper level originally had louvred windows to its openings. These louvres are now missing, with only frames remaining. The west elevation is plain, the roof terminated with copings supported on projecting kneeler stones. A chimney, in brick, extends above the roof line. To the NW is a lean-to in sandstone, accessed from the west. The 1920’s garden wall meets the barn about half-way along the North elevation. The eastern part of the north elevation is partly concealed by a large water tank (C20) on brick

Fig 17 Internal views of the barn, first floor. Left, queen-post trusses and roof structure. Right former louvred opening with internal shutters.

piers.

Internally the ground floor retains some earlier timber, although several floors are now concreted. The first floor retains a queen-post roof-truss, with purlins and the torching to the underside of the slate generally remains. All is limewashed. There is a simple fireplace in the W elevation. The walls are generally plastered, and the openings have simple boarded shutters (where they remain in-situ).

3.4 History

3.4.1 The Development of Agricultural Buildings In his analysis of the agricultural buildings of NE Wales, Eurwyn Wiliam recorded the varied layouts of farms across the region by 19001. The earliest farms are recorded as being of the linear type, which would include both farmhouse and byre and/or barn, in a simple linear arrangement. This configuration was relatively common across Wales, but the layout was

1 Wiliam, Eurwyn, Traditional Farm Buildings in North-East Wales 1550-1900, p.37.

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often developed or altered with additional buildings or extensions as farms were developed and amalgamated through the 19th century, to increase the viability of farms by increasing their relative size. By 1900, Wiliam records that there were still significant numbers of farms following this simple layout, especially in the upland areas of the region, most commonly in the foothills of the Berwyns and the Clwydian Range.

The layouts of the linear farmsteads vary, with the houses to which the agricultural buildings

Fig 18 Example of a classic linear plan farm configuration. (from Wiliam, E, The Historical Farm Buildings of Wales). This example is from Pontypridd. are attached following regional patterns in terms of materials and varying in terms of the layout. In Smith’s Houses of the Welsh Countryside, sub-mediaeval houses are described in four categories (A-D), depending, largely, upon the relative position of entrance and chimney stack. The linear farmhouse-byre farmstead pattern can be seen to utilise most of these house types depending on location, topography and size.

The predominant type in North-East Wales, according to Wiliam, has its entry two-thirds of the way along its length, with a fireplace on one of the lateral walls of the hall (or primary room). Interestingly, North-West Wales would has a tendency towards fireplaces on the gable. A variation on this is common in Mid-Wales, with the fireplace facing the entrance with a small lobby of the cross-passage. Wiliam notes that there are a number of examples remaining. Pen-y-Bryn Farm would appear to follow this pattern, albeit with significant later alteration.

Farm layouts were constantly evolving. Consolidation of formerly scattered layouts and the increasing size of farmsteads led to the creation of new facilities around the farmstead, but the processes, especially in upland areas, remained generally mediaeval.

3.4.2 Nercwys

The origins of Nercwys are somewhat obscure. The shape of the churchyard might indicate an early medieval origin but there is no convincing evidence to corroborate the theory. The church, an ancient chapelry of Mold, is first documented in 1291, when the place was termed Nerchgwys. The meaning of the name is obscure but could combine either 'hanner'

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Fig 19 Classification of sub-mediaeval house types by relationship of entrance and fireplace (or the position of small rooms), from Smith, P, Houses of the Welsh Countryside, p.172. [half] or 'anner' [heifer] with 'cwys' [furrow].

The development of Nercwys through the Middle Ages and even into the post-medieval era remains to be elucidated. The first depiction on an estate map of 1734 shows Plas-yn-llan to the south of the churchyard, the White Lion Inn at the crossroads and a small number of dwellings scattered along the road.

St Mary's church has a late medieval arched-braced roof, but the church also contains 17th century work as well as 19th century modifications from enlargement in 1847 and restoration work in 1883. The western tower arch appears to be Norman, but the tower itself is of indeterminate date. The sedilia has been made up of late 15th/early 16th century fragments of the former rood screen. There is a late medieval pulpit, and some of the stained glass in the east window may date to 1483-5. Sepulchral slabs in the south porch include part of a 13th century coffin lid, other slabs of 1250-1300 and some of 14th century date.

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Fig 20 The linear farm Ty Isaf, Bala, The farmhouse has been reconstructed.

Fig 21 Cysulog, Maerdy, Denbighshire, a C17 linear farmstead, with later agricultural building (subsequently modified) attached. The churchyard (19913) is now of irregular elongated shape. Both the estate map of 1734 and the tithe survey of 1838 depict a more compact enclosure, the elongation on the north being an extension, although little ground evidence of this modification remains. A curvilnear 'llan' is possible, but only the east side is convincing. The churchyard contains a baluster sundial and

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also the Nerquis Hall vault which dates to 1737. Nercwys (Nerquis) Hall (100073), lies to the south-east of the village and is a stone, H-plan building, dated to 1638 with later additions. Its surrounding park has a Grade II listing.2 It is now is hard to imagine that this rural area was a centre of industrial activity in the 19th century. Mining once being significant and quite extensive. The limestone to the west and south of the village contained veins of lead. Several mines opened nearby with varied success. However, for several years, East Pant Du mine on Nercwys Mountain was successful, following the discovery of a rich vein and successful drainage work in 1876. Coal mining became the more important industry as rich shale and coal deposits were discovered to the east of the village. Several brickworks were also established near the collieries, using the fireclay found around the coal seams. In the 1850s, to support the growing industries, the Nerquis Colliery Company built a railway line linking with the existing railway at Coed Talon. At its peak there were up to nine trains a day, serving six collieries, three oil works and two brickworks. The route attracted the interest of the major rail companies and it was later taken over by the London & North Western Railway (LNWR).

Farming has always been an important part of village life and, until the mines opened in the mid 19th century, it was the main source of work. In 1801, 126 residents were employed in agriculture and only 7 in other trades or crafts. The fertile soils in the Terrig valley grew cereals, potatoes, lush grass and a variety of other crops. The heather moorland and rough grassland of Nercwys Mountain were less fertile and let for grazing to a number of local farms. Most of the land was owned by the large estates, particularly Nercwys Hall, Plas Ucha, Plas Onn and the farms were tenanted. This includes Pen-y-Bryn Farm, which was part of the Plas Ucha Estate until its sale in 1917. During the early 20th century much of the estate land was sold and many tenants were able to buy their farms. At busy times like haymaking, harvesting or potato planting, adjoining farms pooled their labour and many other locals helped. Entries in the school log book show that children were also involved.

2 The text is adapted from Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust, report 1142 on the historic settlements of Flintshire.

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Fig 22 Early view of Pen-y- Bryn Farm, probably mid- late C19. Note the sliding sash windows and limewas continuing across the byre and the farmhouse.

Fig 23 Pen-y-Bryn Farm from the Tithe Map, c.1838.

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3.4.3 Pen-y-Bryn Farm

History The earliest documentary references currently obtained in relation to Pen-y-Bryn Farm are the title maps, apportionment and associated documents from c.1838. These record that the farm was in the tenancy of William Tyler and that the farm was part of the Plas Ucha estate, in the ownership of Elizabeth Giffard. William Tyler died in 1842 and by 1861 the farm was in the tenancy of John Williams and his family, who were farming 47 acres. Mrs John Williams was formerly Mrs Tyler, so the farm had remained in the same family. By 1871, the farm was still in the tenancy of John Williams but the land farmed had extended to some 56 acres. By 1910, the ownership was still in the Giffard family (W.T.C. Giffard), and the farm occupied by Merab Williams and R. Tyler, farming

Fig 24 View of Pen-y-Bryn from the sale catalogue of the Plas Ucha Estate in 1917. 52 acres.

In 1917, the Plas Ucha estate was sold, and Pen-y-Bryn Farm was purchased by George Kevan of Liscard. In the sales particulars Pen-y-Bryn is described as a ‘splendidly situated and valuable’ farm. The particulars describe the primary accommodation as ‘House with loose box, barn and shippon adjoining, with lofts over, another range of buildings of calf kit, tool and chophouses, Shippon for 8 with lofts above, piggeries, large yard’ together with land of 31 acres, 3 rods and 14 perches. On the 1st March 2018 the farm was sold to Donald Fraser, who added the walled gardens around the orchard, the swimming pool and planted a significant number of trees, including the now prominent Scots Pines, which are illustrated on the planting plan, included below. In 1920 there was a further sale to Donald Fraser (28th May), the reason for this is unclear and it might have been additional lands. Donald Fraser died in 1962, and the farm was subsequently sold to brothers Thomas Richard Davies and George Henry Davies (Harry). The farm remained in the Davies family until 2018. Harry lived at Pen-y-Bryn until his death on 17th June 2000. Since his death the house has been uninhabited, but the 30 acres or so of farmland were farmed by others. The previous occupant/owner of Pen-y-Bryn Farm (prior to the current owner) was George Henry Davies (known as Harry) who died in 2000, living at the farm until just before his death. At that point the adjoining farmland was let to other local farmers, ending Pen-y-Bryn’s life as a working farm. The farmhouse, it is understood, has remained unoccupied since.

Harry did not have any children and on his death the farm and land was inherited by his brother’s children, Tom Davies (of Y Berllan, Ffordd Y Pentre, Nercwys) and Anne Edwards

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(nee Davies, of Plas Ucha Farm, Ffordd Plas Ucha, Nercwys), and his grandson John Davies. In 2018 the farmhouse, outbuildings, garden and 2 acres of land were transferred to Tom, his wife Helen, and their son John Davies while the remaining farmland was transferred to Anne Edwards.

The farm, outbuildings and associated gardens at Pen-y-Bryn were sold to the current owner, Helen Harley, in August 2018.

Map Progression The Tithe map is the earliest plan known to exist of the farm, which is from c.1838 (see figure 23). this shows that, by this time the two rear wings containing the bakehouse and the current kitchen were constructed as, it would appear, was the taller extension, but that the lean-to behind was not. It would appear that there was an earlier farm building opposite the main linear farmstead at this point. It is assumed that this was replaced by the current free-standing barn sometime between 1838 and 1878.

Fig 25 OS Map, 1878 © NLW Unfortunately Pen-y-Bryn farm is on the boundary of two sheets, but predominantly on the northern sheet shown below. On the 1878 (surveyed) map, the lean-to extension is apparent, as is the free standing barn. The farm generally follows the current layout, the extension to the rear of the byre is also in place.

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The 1900 Map suggests that the two outriggers have been combined, although this could be a result of an inaccurate survey. Other features largely as 1878. Little had changed by 1914

Fig 26 OS Map, 1900 © NLW prior to the changes undertaken by Donald Fraser.

The 1948 map, interestingly, does not show the changes made by Fraser in the years immediately after 1920. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the walled garden, glass house etc were constructed between the wars, but these are not shown on the 1948 OS map.

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Fig 27 OS Map, 1914 © NLW

Fig 28 OS Map, 1948 © NLW

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Fig 29 Sale Particulars of Pen-y-Bryn, from the 1917 sale catalogue.

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Fig 30 Planting Plan for the Scots Pines. Extract from c. 1932.

Fig 31 Pen-y-Bryn, c.1970, by Ray Davies.

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4.0 Significance

Fig 32(top) & 33. Pen-y-Bryn Farm, the barn 1970’s (Ray Davies) and a late 1960’s view, note the simple casement and window details to the C19 extension – used to inform the proposals.

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C17

Mid C18

Late C18

Early C19

Late C19

mid-C20 onwards

Window added Openings with dressed Opening and door later after 1917 quoins and voussoirs date (early C20) (missing from could be later in date photograph (early C19). contemporary Historic Development - Ground Floor Plan 1:100@A3 with sale).

Historic Development First Floor Plan 1:100@A3

© Chambers Conservation Ltd PROJECT PEN-Y-BRYN FARM, NERCWYS DRAWING STATUS First Issue MAY 2019 PLANNING [email protected] [email protected] DRAWING NO. 005 07484 133270 or 07919 300428 JOB NUMBER PYBR.01 www.chambersconservation.com REVISION B Registered in England and Wales, no. 09787239 Registered address: 88 Tattenhall Road, Tattenhall, Chester CH3 9QJ DRAWING TITLE HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT PLANS - FARMHOUSE AND BYRE SIZE & SCALE AS STATED @ A3 Do not scale from this drawing unless agreed 4.0 Heritage Impact:

4.1 Assessing Significance

Significance can be defined as the sum of the cultural, social and/or natural heritage values that make a place important to this and future generations. As well as the physical fabric, age and aesthetic value and more intangible qualities such as communal value, association with historic people and events and former uses are all important in defining the significance of a place. Understanding the significance of a place is vital to inform sensitively managed change to ensure that the significance is maintained and, where possible, further revealed, reinforced and enhanced.

The significance assessment is based on the heritage values identified in Cadw’s Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales (2011) and separates heritage values into four categories:

Evidential: The potential of a place to yield evidence about past human activity.

Historical: The ways in which past people, events and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present. This can be both illustrative and associative.

Aesthetic: The ways in which people draw sensory and intellectual stimulation from a place.

Communal: The meanings of a place for the people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or memory.

The significance of Pen-y-Bryn is assessed using a number of significance ratings: High, Medium, Low, Neutral and Detrimental.

4.1.1 Evidential Value. Evidential value derives from the potential of a place to yield evidence about past human activity.

• It would appear that the first phase of Pen-y-Bryn (based on style and remnants of the layout) would date from the mid 16th Century. Later phases can be defined, by construction period and stylistic keys, to the late 18th and early 19th centuries. However documentary and other evidence prior to the title mapping of 1838 is very limited. There is potential to inform our understanding of the development of Pen-y-Bryn through further study, opening-up works and, following the removal of the modern renders.

• The extent of remodelling in the 18th century is not entirely clear as it may have re-organised or re-orientated the 17th century house. This may become apparent following opening up and careful removal of the modern render.

• The events and circumstances leading to the gentrification of the farm, in the early 19th century, leading to the erection of the extension to the house and stable are not well understood.

• There is limited information about any past development of the site, and whilst unlikely there is potential for below-ground archaeology, albeit probably remote from the current buildings and unlikely to be disturbed.

MEDIUM

4.1.2 Historical Value.

Historical value derives from the ways in which past people, events and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present. Historic values tend to be illustrative or associative. Illustrative

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 30 Issue 3 – April 2020.

• Pen-y-Bryn illustrates an important configuration of linear farmstead, combining byre, barn and house, and combined with the adjacent barn, the development of the farm through the late 18th and 19th centuries.

• The interior of the farmhouse retains some significant features which illustrate rural agricultural life, particularly after c.1800, these include, the fireplace in the Cegin, and the bakehouse which retains its copper and oven.

• The stark contrast between the 17th century farmhouse and the early 19th century extension is clearly illustrative of the expansion in farming scale and prosperity of some farms during the period. This is evident internally and externally.

• Some features of the byre, particularly the remaining agricultural features are clearly illustrative of the farming methods of the period and retain some significance accordingly.

MEDIUM Associative

• The associative significance of Pen-y-Bryn, on the basis of current understanding, is limited. However there is some significance through its association and ownership of the Plas Ucha estate, and the Giffard family of Nerquis Hall.

LOW

4.1.3 Aesthetic Value.

Aesthetic value derives from the ways in which people draw sensory and intellectual stimulation from a place.

• The farm retains a clearly discernible linear farmstead arrangement.

• Externally the frontage facing the yard is of the primary significance, the rear elevation having always been secondary and extended in an ad-hoc manner at various periods.

• The texture and colour remaining on the byre have significance for their retained lime-wash, evidencing the finish which would have extended across the entire building.

• The modern, cementitious render and poor quality mid-late 20th century windows are detrimental to the aesthetic value.

• The poor quality modern insertion and concrete surfacing between the bakehouse and modern kitchen is detrimental to the aesthetic value, as is the proliferation of cementitious pointing to the rear of the building.

• The condition of the lean-to at the rear of the early 19th century extension is also detrimental, currently, to the aesthetic value.

• Views across the farmyard to the linear frontage are of primary significance, where the full length of the façade, combining agricultural and residential elements can be appreciated.

• The C19 barn creates a pleasing enclosure to the agricultural frontage.

MEDIUM

4.1.4 Communal Value.

Communal and spiritual values derive from the meanings of a place for the people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experiences or memory

• The farm is of limited communal value, having always been in private ownership with limited or no wider access.

• However it is of some communal value as an illustration of the communal significance of similar scale farms around Nercwys, and the agricultural labourers who would have been

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 31 Issue 3 – April 2020.

employed, the itinerant labour who moved from farm to farm and the pooling of labour to support during busy periods such haymaking, harvesting or potato planting.

LOW

Significance Plans

In order to determine the relative significance of the built fabric of the building, the subsequent plans have been prepared, which identify the significance of the elements of the building as follows:

Significance of floor finishes is shown on the corresponding plan, i.e. the ground floor is coloured to reflect the significance of the flooring on the ground floor. Specific individual elements of note or significance are annotated separately on the plans.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 32 Issue 3 – April 2020.

Outrigger substantially rebuilt & modern roof/internal finishes. High Significance

Medium Significance

Low Significance

Neutral Significance

Detrimental All modern finishes and detail internally. Section of stonework rebuilt.

Window added after 1917 Significance - Ground Floor Plan 1:100@A3 (missing from photograph contemporary with sale).

All modern finishes and detail internally.

Significance First Floor Plan 1:100@A3

© Chambers Conservation Ltd PROJECT PEN-Y-BRYN FARM, NERCWYS DRAWING STATUS First Issue MAY 2019 COMMENT [email protected] [email protected] DRAWING NO. 006 07484 133270 or 07919 300428 JOB NUMBER PYBR.01 www.chambersconservation.com REVISION A Registered in England and Wales, no. 09787239 Registered address: 88 Tattenhall Road, Tattenhall, Chester CH3 9QJ DRAWING TITLE SIGNIFICANCE PLANS - FARMHOUSE AND BYRE SIZE & SCALE AS STATED @ A3 Do not scale from this drawing unless agreed 5.0 Heritage Impact:

5.1 Assessing Impact

The Heritage Impact of specific elements is considered in detail in the Heritage Impact Table included at Appendix A. A summary overview and description of the impact of the proposals is given below. This description should be read in conjunction with the tabulated assessment.

5.1.1 Farmhouse Exterior. The exterior of the farmhouse is currently rendered in a cementitious pebbledash, to the front and side (north) elevations. This is not only visually inappropriate, it is retaining moisture in the sandstone rubble walling behind, resulting in deterioration to the masonry and interior finishes. It is proposed to remove the cementitious render and extend the traditional limewash through from the byre. The final treatment of the masonry on the early 19th century extension needs to be considered further, as the stone is partially squared and dressed. The impact of this aesthetically (and technically) will be highly beneficial.

The rear of the farmhouse, including the later additions, are generally exposed masonry, which has been modified in places with some cementitious pointing. There are also areas where the lime pointing has failed and pointing is missing. These areas are to be carefully repointed, probably using a hot-lime mix, subject to site trials. This will have a highly beneficial impact on the historic and aesthetic significance, as well as managing moisture in the walls effectively.

One early (probably C19) window survives, to the north of the entrance door in the earliest (C17) part of the farmhouse. This is to be retained and repaired. Other windows are of mid- late C20 origin and generally of very poor quality softwood with modern details. It is proposed that the modern C20 windows are replaced with those to match the existing on the earlier part of the farmhouse. Those on the early C19 extension are also modern and poor quality. Some evidence for earlier windows exists in a 1970’s aerial photograph (evidencing the later date of these windows). The tripartite window to the ground floor is very poor and of modern pattern and will be replaced drawing on historic precedent. Again, the impact of this change will be highly beneficial.

The doors are modern. Both are currently poor quality boarded doors. At the time of listing, the entrance door was glazed, but this has subsequently been replaced. It is proposed to reinstate appropriately detailed boarded doors, drawing upon historic precedent and the door into the byre (N), which may have been relocated from the farmhouse. The impact of this change will be highly beneficial and will enhance the character and appearance of the building.

The main proposed changes to the exterior are confined to the rear elevation, which has been subject to a greater degree of change. There are three later wings or extensions, the bake house (central) is considered to be the most significant of these. The bakehouse and kitchen are currently connected (and were prior to listing) by a mono-pitched roof of polycarbonate on a timber/steel frame. This is causing significant issues in both bakehouse and kitchen combined with the concrete floor below, moisture penetration and retention is significant. It is proposed to remove this and replace with a high-quality new structure, following a similar profile, but set much further back. This will maintain the appreciation of the wings but ensure that the bake-house is part of the usable accommodation (ensuring the viability of its conservation and repair, and on-going use) with addressing the issues relating to the fabric of both kitchen and bakehouse. The modern windows in the current kitchen (proposed utility) will be replaced. These are proposed to be contemporary, but appropriate and respectful to the original, whilst integrating fine double-glazed units. Replicas are not possible or appropriate here as no evidence exists to understand the original patterns. Overall impact is considered to be beneficial.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 33 Issue 3 – April 2020.

It is proposed to partly re-build the lean-to extension at the rear of the early 19th century section of the house. There are a number of reasons for this. Firstly, the configuration of the current building leaves an awkward and unmaintainable gap next to the significant bakehouse, which retains significant moisture and is causing problems in the fabric of the bakehouse and cellar below. The floor of the lean to and walls are very damp, the floor being below general floor and ground level. Setting a replacement annexe away from the bake house would address this, allowing the wall to ‘breathe’ and allowing the original openings to be appreciated. The new lean-to is proposed to be modest (smaller footprint than the existing), but contemporary, whilst also retaining the original stonework of the north elevation. The lean-to has also been heavily modified from its original configuration, with the original masonry on the north wall (to be retained) the most intact element. The roof is modern. Overall impact, balancing benefits to the bakehouse and associated fabric, with the loss of some fabric of low significance. Overall impact overall considered to be neutral.

5.1.2 Farmhouse Interior

The ground floor of the original farmhouse is to be generally conserved and repaired. A single new opening is proposed to facilitate the connection to the byre (see below). The modern, concrete floors are to be carefully removed and replaced with a technically appropriate lime- crete, protecting the adjacent fabric. The impact of the works to the ground floor (of the earliest part of the house) is considered highly beneficial and will enhance the significance of these spaces.

The existing kitchen (proposed utility) has been completely remodelled in the mid-late C20. It has modern plasters, ceiling, concrete floor and new windows and a new staircase (see above) leading to the first floor. As a result the space is damp, subject to general water ingress and conceals any sense of its C19 origins. It is proposed to remove all the modern interventions, reinstate lime plaster, and reinstate the ceiling to full height to create a utility space. A small balcony is proposed providing annexe space to the bedroom, with a small store beneath. The impact of the works on this space will be highly beneficial and enhance the significance and character substantially. The bakehouse is significant, accessed up some steps from the current covered area outside the kitchen. It retains the copper, bake oven large inglenook with bressumer. It is likely to be late C18 or early C19, so not part of the earliest phase, but still with high significance. It has been re-roofed in recent times, and the space is badly affected by water ingress and the awkward junctions with adjacent lean-to and canopy. It is proposed to conserve the space, remove modern alterations (e.g. blockwork supports to cellar entry) and retain as a studio/workspace. The overall impact of the works will be highly beneficial and enhance the significance of the space in both aesthetic and historic terms. A single new opening is proposed to connect the early C19 extension to the modified lean-to at the rear. This is through unadorned C19 masonry and the impact is considered to be low. To the first floor, the new staircase would necessitate a new opening in the bedroom, south wall. This wall is later (i.e. not C17). This is beneficial in enabling the removal of the modern staircase in the kitchen, so consequent impact is neutral.

In the early C19 extension, the removal of the modern, detrimental/intrusive, bathroom is proposed, reinstating the walls to their original configuration and converting the smaller bedroom to a new bathroom. The overall impact of these works is considered to be highly beneficial.

5.1.3 Byre (and Stable) Exterior

The exterior of the byre is generally complete and retains some old limewash of an ochre colour. The byre as noted is considered to have been substantially rebuilt in the late C18 or possibly the early C19.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 34 Issue 3 – April 2020.

It is proposed to carefully convert the byre into part of the domestic accommodation. This is considered essential to ensure its long-term survival as an agricultural use is no longer possible (the farm is no-longer associated with its land) or viable. The byre will form the kitchen to the house, this enables the space to be partly maintained full-height.

Externally the stonework where untreated will be pointed, where necessary only, using an appropriate lime mortar, probably a hot-lime. On the main elevation, it will be limewashed, potentially matching samples of the early pigment visible, to create a unified whole with the earliest part of the farmhouse. This will be highly beneficial in heritage and aesthetic terms and enable a greater appreciation of the linear farmstead. There are a number of door openings and first-floor windows. These vary in age and significance. That to the north (DG06) is later (probably late C19 or early C20). It is therefore proposed that this be modified to open outwards to enable a window to be installed behind. That to the south opens outwards, so therefore a new window would be installed behind to provide light into the ‘Snug’. Both treated to the rear to ensure that the depth of opening is appreciated and retained. The central door, DG03 us the most interesting and of large scale. The upper section is early with large, wide boards. It is proposed to replace the modern, lower, section to match the upper part, creating a new glass panel behind (refer to detail).

As part of the works, the original doors and (where retained) their ironmongery will be repaired and conserved, damaged and rotten sections conserved and repaired. To the rear, there is an opening with a small section of badly decayed boarded door. A new glazed door is proposed to make some visual connection with the garden, acknowledging there has been a change of use to the byre without impacting upon the primary elevation. To the first floor there are two window openings. That to the south is glazed, that to the north is boarded. The southerly will be repaired. That to the north slightly modified to allow a glazed pane to be installed behind, maintaining the depth of the opening. The windows to the stable (ground and first floor) will be repaired and re-glazed as necessary to match.

Rooflights are proposed to the rear roof slope as identified on the drawings. These are necessary to facilitate the new use, and the most sensitive method of introducing additional light, when carefully sited on the rear, they are away from key views. A new opening is proposed to enhance the light into the kitchen (which would otherwise be limited). This is sited adjacent to the utility and boot-room in a section of masonry which has been re-built. The detail will follow the other proposed new windows, i.e. a timber frame with fine metal sub-frame. The conservation of the remaining doors and windows is essential and urgent, this, coupled with sensitive treatment in upgrading where necessary means the works can be considered neutral, as some minor alteration will be required.

5.1.4 Byre (and Stable) Interior The major part of the byre is to become the kitchen, which will retain the height characteristic of this part of the building. Simple treatment and repair is proposed, with localised pointing, limewash and stone flags to the floor.

The main alteration is the proposed new stair to connect the first floor. This is proposed to be in oak, with substantial oak beams with a finer balustrade above. It is proposed to introduce a first floor to the southern section of the byre only. This generally follows the alignment of the former hay-loft, of which the primary beams remain in situ and are to be retained. It is proposed that this first-floor does not bear onto the external walls but is free standing to ensure future reversibility or change. The retention of these beams does necessitate a slight reduction in the floor level.

To the first floor, above floor level the only proposed change would be to increase the size of the opening to the stable loft, to enable this space to be practically utilised as a bathroom.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 35 Issue 3 – April 2020.

This is a modification of an existing opening and adjacent to masonry repair works required due to condition.

The floor to the byre is a mix of various dates. To the North it is a mix of concrete C19 and C20 pavers. The floor is very uneven and generally in a poor condition. It is proposed that this floor be carefully removed and the same approach of lime-crete with underfloor heating extended into the byre. To the south of the byre it retains some more interesting flooring, albeit probably only mid-late C19 in date. it is proposed to carefully lift this flooring, enabling the floor to be lowered slightly (refer to drawings) to create usable headroom beneath the beams above (which are considered of more significance) and a new limecrete floor provided. It is then proposed to reinstate the existing flooring (to more practical levels) atop the new floor slab.

Overall impact on the byre, balancing the need for beneficial re-use and repair, against the level of alteration required for the new use is considered to be beneficial.

Refer to exterior for commentary on rooflights, doors, windows etc.

5.1.5 The Barn (Exterior)

The entrance to the holiday apartment in the barn will be via the original steps. These, and the original entrance door (a simple boarded door). Will be conserved and repaired. The stonework of the byre is generally in good condition and only localised pointing is needed. Again it is proposed that this is hot-lime and based on site trials (the mortar of the barn is subtly different from the farmhouse/byre). The former louvred openings will be adapted to become window openings, retaining as much of the original as possible. The ground floor will remain as storage/garaging, with insulation provided to the floor as identified on the proposed drawings. To the north elevation, away from the primary view, a high-quality new staircase is proposed, connecting the accommodation to the garden area. This is key to provide some high-quality outside space and enables the removal of the intrusive water tank at the rear of the barn. To access this stair, the extension of an existing window opening to become a door is proposed, this would follow the detail of the entrance door. The changes to the front elevation reinstate missing detail, including the large cartws doors, and reinstate the general appearance. The works to the rear necessitate the addition of a free-standing (and therefore reversible) stair, and the adaption of a window to form a door. There is the further benefit on the rear elevation of the removal of the water tank, which is considered detrimental to the aesthetic significance (in particular) of this elevation. Beneficial overall.

5.1.6 The Barn (Interior)

Internally the changes are limited to the creation of a new opening to connect the upper storeys of the barn, which are currently separate. The area to the east is to form the bedroom, and a small section would be partitioned off to create a new en-suite and wardrobe area. The drainage for this woud be taken down through the store below (refer to drawings).

In the living area a small kitchen is created. It is not proposed to alter the trusses or roof structure, thought the head-height is somewhat restricted, given the nature of a holiday let. The spaces are generally lime-plastered as existing and the plaster would be retained, repaired and finished with an appropriate breathable/traditional paint.

The works are modest and appropriate and secure the future of the barn and are therefore considered to be beneficial.

5.1.7 Landscape and Setting.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 36 Issue 3 – April 2020.

The works and, consequently, impact on the setting of Pen-y-Bryn are limited at this stage. The gardens

Fig 34. Long view of Pen-y-Bryn from adjacent to Nercwys Bowling Club. The site is largely screened by the trees planted c.1932. these are to be retained.

are being carefully conserved by the current owner.

The (albeit very limited) impact of the proposals on the setting is considered below.

Views from Nercwys

The site is generally well screened from the village by the trees planted in the early 1930’s (see fig 30). The rear of the late C19 extension and the lean-to behind is seen from glimpsed views from the Nercwys bowling club (see fig.34). This view reveals the poor state of the lean-to and the inappropriate windows on the west elevation. The proposals would be beneficial in terms of these longer views.

Views within the Site Generally views to the buildings from within the site are limited, primarily because of the tree lines and the topography (which rises towards the built area). The most significant view is the main yard, surrounded by the farm, byre and barn, forming an enclosure which is highly significant and essential to the character of the site. The proposals will see both the elevations of the farmhouse, byre and barn all enhanced with significant historic detail reinstated and this will enhance the character of this view. Therefore the proposals will be highly beneficial in this regard.

The view from the entrance along the rear of the barn towards the bake house and former kitchen outrigger has interest and provides a narrative on low-key domestic life at Pen-y-Bryn. The proposal will remove the tarmac and also enhance the elevations visible. There will be some minor changes, including the addition of the rooflights to the rear of the byre and the new window, however these will be more than off-set by the removal of the oil tank, lean-to roof and poor modern windows (as well as the improvements to the surfacing, hence beneficial overall.

5.1.8 Heritage Impact Table Refer to Appendix A.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 37 Issue 3 – April 2020.

Fig 35. View of the main yard and its enclosure by the buildings is particularly important.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 38 Issue 3 – April 2020.

6.0 Select Bibliography

Published Sources

• Wiliam, Eurwyn, Traditional Farm Buildings of NE Wales, 1550-1900, National Museum of Wales, 1982.

• Wiliam, Eurwyn, Historical Farm Buildings of Wales, John Donald, 1986.

• Wiliam, Eurwyn, The Welsh Cottage, RCAHMW, 2010

• Smith, Peter, Houses of the Welsh Countryside, RCAHMW/HMSO, 1988.

• Suggett, Richard and Dunn, Margaret, Discovering the Historic Houses of Snowdonia, RCAHMW, 2014.

• Pritchard, Bill, Nercwys, Our Village. Bridge Books, 2000.

Archival Sources

• Site deeds and associated documents.

• Will and associated documents of the late Donald Fraser.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 39 Issue 3 – April 2020.

Appendix A – Heritage Impact Assessment Table.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 40 Issue 3 – April 2020.

Heritage Impact Assessment Table.

Works are assessed and consequently graded/categorised in the following way:

Heritage Impact:

• Beneficial/Highly Beneficial. Works will enhance the significance of an aspect, or aspects of the significance of the site/building. • Neutral. Works will have no impact on the significance an aspect, or aspects of the significance of the site/building. NB an element may have beneficial and impactful elements, resulting in a neutral assessment overall. • Low. Works will have some impact on the significance an aspect, or aspects of the significance of the site/building. Some consideration is required as to their appropriateness or the mitigating measures to be undertaken which may provide acceptable, balanced, justification for the change. • Medium. Works will have more significant impact on the significance an aspect, or aspects of the significance of the site/building. Works should be reviewed to reduce the impact or the proposals reconsidered. • High. Works would have a serious, detrimental, impact on the significance an aspect, or aspects of the significance of the site/building. Works should be reconsidered and alternatives proposed.

Ref Location Objective Aspects of Condition Significance Assessment of Heritage Mitigation/Approach/ Significance of Affected Impact Comments Fabric 1.0 Farmhouse, Exterior.

1.1 Walls Allow sandstone Sandstone rubble Poor. Failing and Detrimental Removal of the render to Ensure removal only by walls to ‘breathe’ walling, covered with holding moisture (render). enable limewash and hand-tools. Pointing in and dry out modern pebbledash in masonry hot-lime repointing where hot-lime to carefully effectively. Achieve render and/or behind. required. Highly controlled specification. cohesive appearance widespread cement Beneficial. Lime-wash through trials with byre (expression pointing. Historic to match byre (front of linear farmstead). significance (of elevation) – highly masonry); High. beneficial. Aesthetic Significance of Render: Detrimental. 1.2 Single remaining Retain single (in The only early Moderate (can Medium. Window to be conserved Secondary glazing to be early window (C19) farmhouse) early window, some be repaired) and repaired, with sensitively considered window. Use as remaining historic secondary glazing taking account of sight pattern for new glass. External internally. Highly lines. windows (horizontal shutters. Historic Beneficial. sliding sashes) significance: High. 1.3 C20 windows. Reinstate historic Aesthetic Poor. Intrusive. Removal of existing Detailing reflects existing appearance as far as Significance: Widespread windows and window or appropriate possible. Make Detrimental decay and poor replacement with new, precedent elsewhere building suitable as a quality timber either to match or with where no evidence exists modern dwelling. used. sensitive design based – highly beneficial. on historic precedent. Highly Beneficial. 1.4 Rainwater goods Enable effective Aesthetic Poor. Generally Detrimental. Replacement of existing RW goods to be iron, discharge of Significance: uPVC, (generally uPVC) based on evidence – rainwater from the Detrimental widespread rainwater goods with highly beneficial. building. leaks. cast-iron (using evidence Replacement of and historic images

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Impact Assessment Table. Issue 3 – June 2020

uPVC rainwater where possible, but goods which detract taking account of modern from character. rainfall patterns). Highly Beneficial. 1.6 Doors New entrance door Fair. Doors are Medium Reinstatement of historic 1970/80s Glazed door at to reflect the original poor quality, but (frames). appearance. Highly time of listing. Currently design, but with relatively recent. Neutral/ Beneficial. modern boarded door. subtle glazed panels. Some early Detrimental Early ironmongery and New door to C19 ironmongery. (doors) frames to be retained. extension, based on evidence. 1.7 Replacement link Provide better Aesthetic Poor, timber Detrimental. Enables removal of New link is treated in a between Kitchen and connection to the Significance: decayed, metal modern, poor quality contemporary, but high- Bake-house wings, outside and Detrimental. supports infill, damaging concrete quality manner to enforce associated opening- additional kitchen deteriorating. surfacing, all beneficial, legible separation up of kitchen area. space for beneficial Polycarbonate particularly to the between bake house and use. Improve roof removed to environment within the kitchen. Set well back conditions in the facilitate drying. bakehouse and from elevation and glazed masonry to the Bake Concrete below associated cellar. Design to maintain clear sense of House, Kitchen and causing moisture is set-back from the separation. Removal of rear wall of main retention in façade and can only be modern mortars and farm house. adjacent walls. seen from very local repointing in lime. views (unlike the existing) Beneficial overall.

1.8 Partial Address significant Aesthetic Very Poor; Low Enables significant issues Retain gable wall in demolition/rebuilding condition issues, significance: Low, Modern gypsum in adjacent bakehouse rubble stone, with of lean-to at rear of both in lean-to and in Historic Significance: plaster, failing (water retention in wall opening and joinery. early C19 extension. adjacent, more Low. Significance and extensive due to gap between Carefully lifting and Partial replacement. significant, also affected by the efflourescence. Neutral overall. reinstating Bakehouse (created poor condition. Some Modern roof of through awkward historic significance poor quality. gap/interface). to C19 clay paments. Plasterboard Provide better and ceiling part more connected collapsed. Decay accommodation, in (modern) with glazed elements timber elements. to exterior.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Impact Assessment Table. Issue 3 – June 2020

2.0 Farmhouse Interior

2.1 New openings to Create connection Wall considered to Moderate, some Medium. New opening necessitate Opening treated create connection from the house to be part of the late minor plaster some removal of historic sensitively and legibly as through to Byre. the byre to enable C18 re-build of the failure C18 brickwork. However a change. the creation of the byre (although some (farmhouse side). enables, removal of kitchen in the byre. rebuilt again intrusive modern subsequently). No staircase (see item 2.2). other features – consequently, Neutral. brickwork, plastered in Cottage. 2.2 Removal of modern Staircase is c.1970, None Good (stair is Detrimental. Removal of the stair None – highly beneficial. staircase to former and of poor quality. sound, enables removal of kitchen Removal is both generally). modern ceiling and aesthetic and to opening above, as well enable a practical as enhancing the layout. aesthetic significance of the kitchen wing. Highly Beneficial. 2.3 New opening to Create improved Plain lime Poor – decay to Medium Low Impact overall. Careful detailing to connect early C19 circulation, and plasterwork. Skirting joinery and floor ensure minimal impact on extension to usability of the joinery, of low adjacent, failing C19 room and legibility of proposed space. significance, would plasterwork. change. replacement at rear be affected by (see section 1). change 2.4 Removal of modern Allow walls to None – some historic Poor – Intrusive Highly Beneficial. Ensure only modern, plasters generally. breathe and manage significance to earlier widespread gypsum plasters are moisture correctly in plasters, generally to failure, mold and removed and only where the masonry behind. be retained. moisture necessary for sound retention. conservation reasons.

2.5 Ground Floor Removal of modern Floor to early C19 Moderate (timber Low/ Highly Beneficial Limecrete or similar build Floors/Floor Finishes tiled floors set in extension is probably floor very poor – Detrimental. up is proposed to concrete (generally). early C20 widespread rot Enable moisture in (contemporary with

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Impact Assessment Table. Issue 3 – June 2020

floors to be managed fireplace). Of low partly collapsed reinstate traditional in a traditional and significance. Other and missing). performance of floors. appropriate manner. floors are damaging, Improve and achieve generally paments a suitable laid in cementitious appearance, build up or on enhancing concrete slab. significance. 2.6 Repair and Use as a workspace, High historic and Fair/Poor. High. Highly Beneficial None – already a conservation of but maintaining all aesthetic Significant water compromise on client’s bakehouse. significant features. significance. Modern ingress from preferred layout to roof finish/structure. awkward protect significant junctions/modern interior. materials in adjacent wings. Roof covering modern. 2.7 Removal of bathroom Reinstate historic Bathroom detrimental Poor. Decay to Low/ Enables removal of Plasterwork to be to first floor of C19 configuration. Create to aesthetic plasterwork (in Detrimental.. detrimental bathroom, reinstated in 3-coat lime, extension, larger bedroom. significance. Modern bathroom and enhancing aesthetic joinery details to match reinstatement of wall plasters, flush door adjacent significance. Minor off- original precisely. on original alignment. and poor detailing. bedroom). Poor set with new opening. Stud partition of modern fittings. Beneficial moderate historic significance, part of early C19 extension. 2.8 Doors and Windows Conservation and Medium aesthetic Varied. Some Medium Retention and repair of Ironmongery, where Repair. and historic decay. Missing historic doors and missing, to carefully significance for both ironmongery. ironmongery. Beneficial. match existing. New boarded (C18) and 5- Flush joinery to replace flush panelled (C19) doors. replacement door (first floor) to match door to first floor. adjacent boarded doors.

3. Byre & Stable Exterior

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Impact Assessment Table. Issue 3 – June 2020

3.1 Walls Conservation and High aesthetic and Poor. Limewash High Reinstate unity with Sample and match Repair. historic significance and pointing farmhouse, achieve limewash as near as failing. traditional performance possible. Rear to be of wall with limewash. pointed only as Highly Beneficial. necessary. Opening to rear to utilise former opening.

3.2 Windows and Adaption, repair and Medium aesthetic Fair/Poor. Some Medium Works will conserve and Carefully considered Openings. conservation to and historic decay, repair the historic joinery, window details, with enable use of Byre significance. particularly in but necessitate change recessed glazing to internally for cills. Rear to create windows. openings which are not accommodation. windows in poor Neutral. currently glazed. condition. 3.3 Doors Doors adapted to Medium aesthetic Fair/Poor. Medium. Works will conserve and Early ironmongery, hinges enable use of byre and historic Significant decay repair the historic joinery, etc to be retained. New as holiday significance. to Southern but necessitate some hinges to match originals accommodation. door, moderate change to accommodate as far as possible. Swing on N door to decay elsewhere new use. Neutral. open outwards. Main (can be repaired). door adapted to accommodate first floor. 3.4 Roof Repair areas where Medium aesthetic Fair/Good. Medium Roof fully repaired and Essential to convert water ingress and historic Generally conserved. Detail partly building to new use. occurring. Achieve significance. watertight (save concealed internally Careful consideration of acceptable thermal a few locations). (depending on final suitable detailing. performance for detail). Neutral. Important to provide accommodation. thermal improvement to roof as inappropriate to treat walls.

3.5 Rooflights Provide additional Medium aesthetic Fair/Good. Medium. Works will cause some Site rooflights on the rear daylight for use of and historic Generally modification to modern elevation. Away from key byre as significance (roof). watertight (save rafters (not historic views. Use conservation accommodation. a few locations). timber) and alter rooflights, flush with roof Requiring new appearance to rear slope. openings in slightly. Low Impact roofslopes. overall.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Impact Assessment Table. Issue 3 – June 2020

3.6 Water Trough Address moisture Neutral Fair Neutral. Removal will mitigate n/a. being retained retention of moisture in adjacent to wall and the wall adjacent and improve appearance. remove concrete from adjacent to historic masonry. Beneficial. 3.7 Rainwater goods. Enable effective Aesthetic Poor. Generally Detrimental. Replacement of existing RW goods to be iron, discharge of Significance: uPVC, (generally uPVC) based on evidence – rainwater from the Detrimental widespread rainwater goods with highly beneficial. building. leaks. cast-iron (using evidence Replacement of and historic images uPVC rainwater where possible, but goods which detract taking account of modern from character. rainfall patterns). Highly Beneficial.

4. Byre & Stable Interior

4.1 Bringing byre into Enable the use of the Aesthetic and Fair. Some decay Medium Works will cause some Necessary to ensure beneficial use as part byre as Historic Significance to roof structure, modification to fabric, but long-term survival of the of living accommodation. Medium. cracking to secure the long-term building. Conversion accommodation. Secure sustainable masonry. future of the building. carefully designed to future of site and Highly Beneficial overall. maintain the key byre. elements of historic significance.

4.2 Retention of part of Enable the use of the Aesthetic and Fair. Some decay Medium Works will cause some Necessary to ensure the byre as kitchen, byre whilst retaining Historic Significance to roof structure, limited modification to long-term survival of the open full-height. open aspect and Medium. cracking to fabric, but secure the building. Conversion original spatial masonry. long-term future of the carefully designed to proportions. building. Highly maintain the key Beneficial overall elements of historic significance.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Impact Assessment Table. Issue 3 – June 2020

4.3 Introduction of first Enable the use of the Aesthetic and Fair. Some decay Medium Concept is proposed to Retain limewashed floor to S end of the South end of the Historic Significance to roof structure, retain limewashed remains of hayloft to S of byre to create byre as beneficial Medium. cracking to remains of hayloft, but byre. New floor follows accommodation. accommodation masonry, C19 floor would require hay-loft and therefore rather that remaining especially to to be re-laid at a lower responds to historic as storage/vacant. South gable. level. Also requires some configuration. C19 floor modification of opening finishes to be re-laid on into first floor of stable. lower floor level. Low impact 4.4 Introduction of new Enables the removal Aesthetic and Fair. Some decay Medium Concept is a high-quality Stair detailed to respond staircase to N end of of poor quality stair Historic Significance to roof structure, open oak staircase. This to scale and character of byre. from current kitchen. Medium. cracking to will respond to the scale the byre. masonry, and character of the especially to byre, and provide an South gable. appropriate modern counterpoint to the historic structure. Neutral

5. Barn

5.1 Windows and Doors. Adaption, repair and Medium aesthetic Fair/Poor. Some Low Works will conserve and Carefully considered conservation to and low historic decay, some repair the remaining window details, with enable use of Barn significance. heavily decayed. joinery. Beneficial. recessed glazing to internally for openings which are not accommodation. currently glazed.

5.2 Re-use of first floor Adaption and Medium aesthetic Fair, generally Low Works will conserve and Works limited to the as accommodation. localised repair. and low historic dry internally, repair the features and minimum possible to significance. limited decay to bring the barn into enable the spaces to floor. beneficial use. work as holiday Beneficial. accommodation.

5.3 Extended window Necessary to create Low aesthetic and Fair/Poor. Some Low Necessitates adaption of Door to be detailed to opening to form new a connection from low historic decay, some window opening to form match front elevation. door opening (to the barn to the significance (to rear heavily decayed. door, but partly off-set by rear). garden area. Allows elevation) removal of water tank. removal of the Low.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Impact Assessment Table. Issue 3 – June 2020

detrimental water tank. 5.4 New timber stair from Necessary to create Low aesthetic n/a (doesn’t Low Free-standing and Stair to be free-standing door (above) to a connection from significance (to rear affect material reversible staircase. and reversible, in high- garden. the barn to the elevation) fabric) Replaces detrimental quality materials. garden area. Allows water tank. Neutral (or removal of the slight beneficial) overall. detrimental water tank. 5.5 New opening to Necessary to enable Low, simple masonry Fair, masonry Low Free-standing and Stair to be free-standing connect separate beneficial use. and plain plaster sound and some reversible staircase. and reversible, in high- spaces on first-floor. (where remaining). plaster remains Replaces detrimental quality materials. in-situ. water tank. Neutral (or slight beneficial) overall.

6. Setting and Landscape.

6.1 Removal of tarmac to Improve setting and Setting of house Tarmac Detrimental Improves setting of n/a highly beneficial. rear of farmhouse manage drainage. (compromised by (generally fair farmhouse and byre and byre. tarmac) condition) viewed from gate. Highly Beneficial 6.2 Modification of wall Improve access and Creates limited Stone. Fair Low Necessitates Re-use of stone to create adjacent to entrance. visibility on entry and impression of arrival condition some reconstruction of C19 wall (same configuration exit. on entry to the site. repair required. wall (which needs repair) adjacent to new low entrance).

6.3 Replacement of Improve access and None – detrimental. Good Detrimental Existing galvanised gates n/a beneficial. modern galvanised visibility on entry and (galvanised are poor quality and entrance gates with exit, improves gates) damaging to the setting. timber. security and Beneficial. appearance 6.4 Repair/reconstruction Provides alternative Provides important Very poor (part Medium Allows investment in the n/a beneficial. of pigsty for bats. accommodation for context for the collapse) conservation of the bats, enabling use of agricultural heritage pigsty which could house/byre as of the site otherwise be lost. Some described above. change due to adjacent Including extension. extension. Beneficial.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Impact Assessment Table. Issue 3 – June 2020

Appendix B – Listed Building Description

Ref No. 15240 Grade. II Status. Designated Date of Designation. 12/12/1994 Date of Amendment. 12/12/1994. Name of Property. Pen-y-Bryn Farmhouse and Attached Byre.

History

A second half C17 farmhouse of longhouse type, though with byre, to the L, largely rebuilt late C18, and the house added to to R in the early C19.

Exterior

Rubble construction, the house with roughcast render and the barn section with decaying lime-and colour-wash. No doubt thatched originally, now continously roofed in slate. The house is of lobby-entry plan with a plain rendered central stack. Originally symmetrical facade with central, recessed entrance . Late C19 stopped- chamfered doorcase with modern, part-glazed door. Flanking 12-pane casement windows on ground and first floors, the latter as gabled dormers, and that on the ground floor, to the R of the entrance of sliding type. Boarded external shutters to the ground floor windows. A further sliding sash to the R, unshuttered. In front of the house is a stone-walled enclosure which returns to the adjoining (later) wing to the R. The agricultural section to the L is of 3 bays with king post trusses. Kneelered and parapetted gable to the L. This section has been largely rebuilt, probably in the late C18. 2 tiers of ventilation slits, all now blocked. Central entrance, stepped-up and with cambered head with sandstone voussoirs. Plain stable door. Flanking this under the eaves, 2 window openings, that to the L near-flush with cross-window, and that to the R with plain boarded shuttering. To the R an inserted C19 entrance with brick cambered head and recessed boarded door. To the L, towards the gable end, a further boarded door with ventilation slits. Corresponding central entrance to rear. Adjoining to L, stepped down and slightly recessed, a late C18 gabled extension. Rough- dressed sandstone under a slate roof, the gable kneelered. Segmental- headed entrance to L with recessed, contemporary boarded door. Segmental-headed unglazed light to the R. The L gable face has an upper shuttered window as before and ventilation slits. To the rear of the byre section a similar gabled extension. To the rear of the house, 2 later service wings of rubble, gabled and roofed as before. Modern fenestration, that to the L with brick chimney and boarded door, stepped- up at the junction with the main block. Stepped up and adjoining the house to the R, a 2-window, 2-storey early C19 domestic addition. Of rendered rubble with slate roof and plain rendered chimney to R. Entrance to L with recessed boarded door and plain triple-light fan above. Flat-arched, tooled lintel. To the R a later tripartite 24- pane flush casement window, the central section fixed. Lintel as before. 2 first-floor 12- pane near-flush casement windows with lintels asbefore. Contemporary single-storey rear projection. Interior: Heavily beamed ceilings to ground floor rooms of house section, stopped and chamfered. Large inglenook with simply-moulded and segmentally-arched bressumer with later (C18) bracketed mantle-shelf. Plain early C19 staircase with stick balusters and swept rail. Contemporary shuttering to windows in early C19 wing with 5-panelled doors.

Interior

No text, but interior included under overall description.

Reason for Designation

Included as an early and interesting house-and-byre complex retaining much of its external and internal integrity.

Pen-y-Bryn Farm, Nercwys – Heritage Statement 41 Issue 3 – April 2020.