Management Plan 2014 - 2019
Part One STRATEGY
Introduction 1 AONB Designation 3 Setting the Plan in Context 7 An Ecosystem Approach 13 What makes the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Special 19 A Vision for the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB 25 Landscape Quality & Character 27 Habitats and Wildlife 31 The Historic Environment 39 Access, Recreation and Tourism 49 Culture and People 55
Introduction
The Clwydian Range and Dee lies the glorious Dee Valley Valley Area of Outstanding with historic Llangollen, a Natural Beauty is the dramatic famous market town rich in upland frontier to North cultural and industrial heritage, Wales embracing some of the including the Pontcysyllte country’s most wonderful Aqueduct and Llangollen Canal, countryside. a designated World Heritage Site. The Clwydian Range is an unmistakeable chain of 7KH2DȇV'\NH1DWLRQDO heather clad summits topped Trail traverses this specially by Britain’s most strikingly protected area, one of the least situated hillforts. Beyond the discovered yet most welcoming windswept Horseshoe Pass, and easiest to explore of over Llantysilio Mountain, %ULWDLQȇVȴQHVWODQGVFDSHV
About this Plan In 2011 the Clwydian Range AONB and Dee Valley and has been $21%WRZRUNWRJHWKHUWRDFKLHYH was exteneded to include the Dee prepared by the AONB Unit in its aspirations. It will ensure Valley and part of the Vales of close collaboration with key that AONB purposes are being Llangollen. An interim statement partners and stake holders GHOLYHUHGZKLOVWFRQWULEXWLQJWR for this Southern extension including landowners and WKHDLPVDQGREMHFWLYHVRIRWKHU to the AONB was produced custodians of key features. This strategies for the area. in 2012 as an addendum to LVDȴYH\HDUSODQIRUWKHHQWLUH the 2009 Management Plan community of the AONB not just 7KLV0DQDJHPHQW3ODQLVGLHUHQW for the Clwydian Range. This the AONB Unit. It also recognises from its predecessors in that it Management Plan therefore is the that the AONB has an impact also begins to tackle the question ȴUVWRYHUDUFKLQJ\HDUVWUDWHJ\ on the wider region and can be of what the AONB can produce for the newly formed Clwydian DHFWHGE\LQȵXHQFHVRXWVLGH to meet society’s needs whilst Range and Dee Valley Area of of its boundary. It is a Plan for HQVXULQJWKHDFKLHYHPHQWRI Outstanding Natural Beauty. the AONB, its communities, $21%ȇVSXUSRVHVWRFRQVHUYHDQG EXVLQHVVHVYLVLWRUVDQG enhance natural beauty. It is a plan for all those with an organisations and will require interest in the Clwydian Range DOOZKRKDYHDQLQWHUHVWLQWKH
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Introduction | 1
AONB Designation
The Clwydian Range was designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in July 1985. In 2011 following detailed work by the Countryside Council for Wales and the three Local Authorities of Denbighshire, Flintshire and Wrexham the AONB designation was extended to include the Dee Valley. This is the most recent landscape designation in Wales and makes the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB the largest of the 5 AONBs in Wales.
1.1 Purpose of the AONBs together with National The concept of ‘natural beauty’ shaping of the land is fully 3DUNVUHFRJQLVHRXUȴQHVW LQFOXGHVWKHSURWHFWLRQRIȵRUD recognised. In Wales the added Designation landscapes and set a framework fauna and geological as well as dimensions of the language for their protection and ODQGVFDSHIHDWXUHV+RZHYHULW SURYLGHVDQHVVHQWLDOHOHPHQW enhancement. The primary LVYHU\LPSRUWDQWWKDWWKHFXOWXUDO of cultural richness that must statutory purpose of designating dimension of the landscape, be recognised too. These a tract of Countryside as an including the historical, spiritual should all be integrated into the $21%LVWRFRQVHUYHDQGHQKDQFH and inspirational elements, management of AONBs. the natural beauty of the area. as well as the physical human
1.2 The significance of The power to designate an Area Section 85 places a duty on all VHQVLWLYHO\ORFDWHGDQGGHVLJQHG of Outstanding Natural Beauty SXEOLFERGLHVWRKDYHUHJDUGWR and it complements or enhances AONB designation comes from the National Parks WKHSXUSRVHVRIFRQVHUYLQJDQG the special qualities and features and Access to the Countryside enhancing the natural beauty of the area. Act, 1949. The purposes, duties of the area in undertaking any and management requirements IXQFWLRQVRUDFWLRQVDHFWLQJDQ Section 89 requires the local for AONBs are set out in the AONB. It is not the purpose of authorities in whose area an Countryside and Rights of Way GHVLJQDWLRQWRVWRSGHYHORSPHQW AONB lies to prepare and publish (CRoW) Act 2000. Section 82 of the but the planning authorities an AONB Management Plan to CRoW Act establishes the primary ZLOOFRQVLGHUDQ\GHYHORSPHQW JXLGHSROLF\GHYHORSPHQWDQG purpose of AONB designation proposal to ensure that it does management actions. DVWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQDQG not unduly harm the character enhancement of natural beauty. and appearance of the AONB; it is
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | AONB Designation | 3 1.3 Who is the Plan for? 7KH3ODQLVGHVLJQHGWRSURYLGHD and depth of political and Local Communities – The framework that can inform and professional expertise and plan commits to working with guide anyone who undertakes experience. It represents the local WKRVHZKROLYHDQGZRUNZLWKLQ DFWLYLWLHVWKDWPD\DHFWWKH authorities, landowners, farmers, WKH$21%DQGLGHQWLȴHVWKH AONB. These will include: FRQVHUYDWLRQDQGUHFUHDWLRQ importance of communities interests. The Partnership LQGHȴQLQJDQGFDULQJIRUWKH Relevant Authorities – All public VXSSRUWVWKHGHOLYHU\RIWKH landscape. The plan sets out bodies and statutory undertakers AONB Management Plan through an agenda for working with the ȂDVGHȴQHGLQ6HFWLRQRIWKH its expertise and experience in communities of the AONB. Countryside and Rights of Way DEURDGUDQJHRIȴHOGVUHODWHG $FWȂWKDWKDYHDGXW\WR to landscape management and Users of and Visitors to the KDYHUHJDUGIRUWKHSXUSRVHV reports to the Joint Committee. areaȂ0DQ\SHRSOHEHQHȴW RI$21%V7KLVSODQLQGHȴQLQJ IURPWKH$21%HYHQLIUHPRWH the areas special qualities and Partners of the AONB – from it and this plan recognises features sets out an agenda for RUJDQLVDWLRQVDQGLQGLYLGXDOVWKDW WKHSRVLWLYHLPSDFWWKDWWKH managingchange that will help KDYHDNH\UROHLQGHOLYHULQJDQG landscape of the Clwydian Range WKHVHERGLHVIXOȴOWKHLUVWDWXWRU\ championing the programmes of and Dee Valley has on people duties. The Joint Committee the AONB – as represented by the and communities beyond its of the AONB represents and AONB Partnership. boundaries. acts on behalf of the three local Authorities of Denbighshire, Landowners and Land Flintshire and Wrexham. managers – The Plan seeks to work with landowners and land AONB Partnership 2015 managers and recognises the key The AONB Partnership is an UROHWKH\KDYHWRSOD\LQUHDOLVLQJ HHFWLYHUHVRXUFHLQWKHUDQJH WKHRYHUDOOYLVLRQ
1.4 Governance Since the expansion of the AONB other partnerships in the new Lead members (members of to include the Dee Valley, parts AONB. WKH$XWKRULW\ȇV([HFXWLYHRU of which fall in to Wrexham Cabinet) of each Local Authority County Borough Council, a AONB Joint Committee 2014 and has the power to act on JRYHUQDQFHUHYLHZKDVEHHQ The three Local Authorities of behalf of those Local Authorities XQGHUWDNHQLQRUGHUWRGHYHORS Denbighshire, Wrexham and LQGHOLYHULQJWKHSXUSRVHVRI a more appropriate working Flintshire entered into a legal the AONB. It is supported by VWUXFWXUHWKDWUHȵHFWVWKHMRLQW agreement to jointly discharge DQ2ɝFHUȇV:RUNLQJ*URXS approach between the three their AONB functions by means RIUHOHYDQWRɝFHUVIURPWKH Local Authorities of Denbighshire, of a Joint Committee for the constituent local authorities and Flintshire and Wrexham as well AONB in the summer of 2014. Natural Resources Wales and the as the need to expand to include The Committee is made up of AONB Partnership.
4 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | AONB Designation
Setting the Plan in Context
European Context
2.1 European Landscape The UK signed up to the European b) to establish and implement agricultural, social and /DQGVFDSH&RQYHQWLRQLQ landscape policies aimed economic policies, as well as in Convention 7KH&RQYHQWLRQFOHDUO\VHWVRXWDQ at landscape protection, any other policies with possible agenda for landscape protection management and planning. direct or indirect impact on and management on a European landscape. OHYHODQGDVVXFKLVDQLPSRUWDQW c) to establish procedures element in informing a strategic for the participation of the 6SHFLȴFDOO\WKH&RQYHQWLRQDVNV DSSURDFK7KH&RQYHQWLRQDVNV general public, local and each country to undertake to member states: regional authorities, and other raise awareness of landscape parties with an interest in the protection, identify special a) to recognise landscapes in GHȴQLWLRQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ landscape characteristics, and law as an essential component of landscape policies. WRVHWDQGLPSOHPHQWREMHFWLYHV of people’s surroundings, an for protection, management and H[SUHVVLRQRIWKHGLYHUVLW\ d) to integrate landscape planning of the landscape. of their shared cultural into their regional and town and natural heritage, and a planning policies and in its foundation of their identity; FXOWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWDO
2.2 International Union IUCN protected area Category V refers to one of six FRQVHUYDWLRQDQGRWKHUYDOXHV management categories classify categories of protected areas for Conservation of protected areas according to ZRUOGZLGHDQGDUHGHȴQHG Category V Landscapes recognise Nature Category V WKHLUPDQDJHPHQWREMHFWLYHV as protected areas where the WKHVLJQLȴFDQFHRI$21%VLQ Landscapes The categories are recognised interaction of people and nature global terms and ensures a by international bodies such as RYHUWLPHKDVSURGXFHGDQ consistent approach to landscape the United Nations and by many area of distinct character with FRQVHUYDWLRQLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\ QDWLRQDOJRYHUQPHQWVDVWKH VLJQLȴFDQWHFRORJLFDOELRORJLFDO JOREDOVWDQGDUGIRUGHȴQLQJDQG FXOWXUDODQGVFHQLFYDOXH DQG recording protected areas and where safeguarding the integrity as such are increasingly being RIWKLVLQWHUDFWLRQLVYLWDOWR LQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRJRYHUQPHQW protecting and sustaining the legislation. area and its associated nature
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Setting the Plan in Context | 7 2.3 UNESCO World The Dee Valley includes the SURWHFWLRQDQGSUHVHUYDWLRQRI as part of protecting their national Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and cultural and natural heritage sites heritage. Heritage site Llangollen Canal inscribed as around the world considered a World Heritage Site in 2009. WREHRIRXWVWDQGLQJYDOXHWR Inclusion on the World Heritage The designation sits within the humanity. /LVWOHDYHVWKHH[LVWLQJULJKWVDQG 3 Counties of Denbighshire, obligations of owners, occupiers Wrexham and Shropshire and 7KHFRQYHQWLRQUHTXLUHGWKH and planning authorities stretches from Llantysilio in the establishment of a World Heritage XQDHFWHGEXWEHIRUHEHLQJJLYHQ ZHVWWR*OHGULGJHLQWKHHDVW List managed by an inter- World Heritage Status, a site Approximatley 90% of the World JRYHUQPHQWDO:RUOG+HULWDJH PXVWEHVKRZQWRKDYHHHFWLYH Heritage Site is within the AONB. Committee. Sites awarded World statutory protection and a Heritage Status are added to this FRPSUHKHQVLYHPDQDJHPHQWSODQ The concept of World Heritage list, and it’s a way of recognising agreed with the owners to ensure Sites is at the core of the that some places – both natural LWVFRQVHUYDWLRQDQGSUHVHQWDWLRQ :RUOG+HULWDJH&RQYHQWLRQ and cultural – are important 7KLVZDVDGRSWHGLQ enough to be the responsibility Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and by UNESCO (United Nations of the international community Canal has become the UK’s (GXFDWLRQ6FLHQWLȴFDQG&XOWXUDO as a whole. As a member of 28th World Heritage Site, and Organisation), to which 193 WKHFRQYHQWLRQȆVWDWHSDUWLHVȇ is only the third World Heritage nations belong. Through the QDWLRQDOJRYHUQPHQWVHJ8. Site inscription in Wales. FRQYHQWLRQ81(6&2VHHNVWR *RYHUQPHQW KDYHSOHGJHGWR HQFRXUDJHWKHLGHQWLȴFDWLRQ care for their World Heritage Sites
National Context
2.4 The Environment Bill 7KH(QYLURQPHQW%LOOHPSKDVLVHV &ULWLFDOO\WKH%LOOPDNHVSURYLVLRQ in Wales. This policy will be the importance of considering for the production of a State of GHOLYHUHGRQDORFDOOHYHOWKURXJK the management of our natural Natural Resources Report which Area Statements produced by resources, on land and sea, in a will identify the condition of our Natural Resources Wales and will more integrated way and places natural resources and how well prioritise action and opportunities VXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWDWWKH they are being managed. The for management. heart of its approach. It sets out State of Natural Resources Report a new statutory framework for will form the basis of a National 7KH%LOOLVH[SHFWHGWRUHFHLYH the integrated and sustainable Natural Resources Policy that will assent in the Spring of 2016. management of our natural set priorities for the sustainable resources management of natural resources
8 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Setting the Plan in Context 2.5 Well Being of Future 7KLV$FWVHWVDERXWLPSURYLQJWKH and employment within matter what their background. VRFLDOHFRQRPLFHQYLURQPHQWDO HQYLURQPHQWDOOLPLWV Generation (Wales Act) and cultural well-being of Wales • A Wales of cohesive 2015 and to safe guard it for future • A resilient Wales – a communities$WWUDFWLYH generations. It requires public ELRGLYHUVHQDWXUDO YLDEOHVDIHDQGZHOOFRQQHFWHG bodies listed in the Act, including HQYLURQPHQWZLWKKHDOWK\ communities. Local Authorities to think more functioning ecosystems that about the long-term, and to support social, economic and • A wales of vibrant culture work better with people and ecological resilience. and thriving Welsh language communities. – A society that promotes and • A healthier Wales – Where protects culture, heritage and ΖWVHWVRXW:HOO%HLQJ*RDOVIRU peoples physical and mental the Welsh language well being are maximised • A more prosperous Wales • A globally responsible Wales -a skilled and educated • A more equal Wales – a – a nation that considers nation with an economy society where people can ZKHUHLWFDQKDYHDSRVLWLYH that generates wealth DFKLHYHWKHLUSRWHQWLDOQR impact on global well being.
2.6 The Historic Also known as the Heritage Bill Ancient Monuments and building are under threat or in this piece of legislation seeks to strengthens existing frameworks urgent need of attention. It will Environment Bill – Wales PDNHLPSURYHPHQWVWRFXUUHQW for the management of the DOVRJLYH:HOVK*RYHUQPHQW SURYLVLRQIRUWKHSURWHFWLRQ KLVWRULFHQYLURQPHQW great scope to respond should and management of the Welsh protected sites be damaged or +LVWRULFHQYLURQPHQWΖWJLYHV ΖQSDUWLFXODUWKHELOOZLOOJLYH destroyed. PRUHHHFWLYHSURWHFWLRQWR greater powers for Local Listed Buildings and Scheduled Authorities to act where listed
2.7 Taking the Long View This draft policy statement sets DQG1DWLRQDO3DUNVWREHOLYLQJ HQYLURQPHQWDOFKDOOHQJHVZLOOEH RXWWKH:HOVK*RYHUQPHQWȇV working landscapes, exemplars GHYHORSHGWHVWHGDQGVKDUHG Welsh Government policy framework for statutory RIVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW Statement for AONBs and designated landscapes in Wales. ZLWKYLEUDQWUXUDOFRPPXQLWLHV ΖWVSHFLȴFDOO\SURPRWHVDQ National Parks. It requires designated landscapes H[WHQVLYHUHFUHDWLRQDO ‘ecosystem approach’ to to contribute to meeting the RSSRUWXQLWLHVDVZHOODVWKULYLQJ landscape management which challenges of sustainable HFRV\VWHPVULFKLQELRGLYHUVLW\ means considering how it GHYHORSPHQWWKURXJKWKHGHOLYHU\ UHJXODWHVRXUHQYLURQPHQWDQGLWV of their statutory purposes. It calls for Protected Landscapes NH\VHUYLFHVLQFOXGLQJHFRQRPLF in Wales to be areas where new and social wellbeing. ΖWVHWRXWDYLVLRQIRU$21%V DQGLQQRYDWLYHVROXWLRQVWR
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Setting the Plan in Context | 9 2.8 Water Framework 7KH'LUHFWLYHUHTXLUHVDOO(8 The Clwydian Range and Dee HQYLURQPHQW7KHSODQVUHFRJQLVH 0HPEHU6WDWHVWRDFKLHYHJRRG 9DOOH\IDOOVLQWRWZR5LYHU%DVLQ WKDWULYHUEDVLQPDQDJHPHQWFDQ Directive - River Basin ecological status of inland water Districts - the Dee and the Clwyd. GHOLYHUPXOWLSOHEHQHȴWV)RU Management Plans - ERGLHVE\ΖWLQWURGXFHVD Natural Resources Wales are example the management of the 2015 system of water management FXUUHQWO\FRQVXOWLQJRQWKH5LYHU uplands can not only manage EDVHGRQULYHUEDVLQVUDWKHU Dee Basin Management Plan ȵRRGZDWHUVEXWFDQDOVRGHOLYHU WKDQSROLWLFDORUDGPLQLVWUDWLYH DQGWKH5LYHU&OZ\G&DWFKPHQW better water quality and help in boundaries. Management Plan due to be carbon capture. FRPSOHWHGLQ%RWKSODQV ΖWFDOOVIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRI5LYHU RXWOLQHPHDVXUHVWRLPSURYH Basin management plans that WKHZDWHUHQYLURQPHQWLWV will protect aquatic species and ULYHUVODNHVDQGVWUHDPVDQG habitiats and safeguard drinking encompass all of the issues and bathing water. and pressures on the water
Local Context
Local Development The Clwydian Range and Dee Management Plans. Each that land use changes proceed Valley AONB falls within three council is required to produce coherently and with maximum Plans local authority areas. They are DGHYHORSPHQWSODQWRJXLGH FRPPXQLW\EHQHȴW Denbighshire County Council, spatial change and growth within Flintshire County Council and their area. These plans are either Each has policies that respect the Wrexham County Borough. Ȇ8QLWDU\'HYHORSPHQW3ODQVȇ purposes of AONB designation RUȆ/RFDO'HYHORSPHQW3ODQVȇ DQGSODFHODQGVFDSHFRQVHUYDWLRQ These councils are the local 7KH\SURYLGHDIUDPHZRUNIRU as a primary consideration within planning authorities and the local decision-making and the the AONB when considering ȆUHOHYDQWDXWKRULWLHVȇXQGHUWKH UHFRQFLOLDWLRQRIGHYHORSPHQWDQG GHYHORSPHQWSURSRVDOV CRoW Act in respect of AONB FRQVHUYDWLRQLQWHUHVWVLQRUGHU
10 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Setting the Plan in Context Geodiversity *HRGLYHUVLW\KDVEHHQGHȴQHGDV countryside, from Prestatyn The limestone areas of the AONB Hillside to Loggerheads are associated with stone and ‘the link between people, and Llanarmon yn Iâl to the PLQHUDOH[WUDFWLRQRYHUFHQWXULHV landscape and their culture: LPSUHVVLYHHVFDUSPHQWDW with remains of lead mining it is the variety of geological Eglwyseg. The limestone was HYLGHQWLQWKHODQGVFDSHDQG environments, phenomena deposited in a shallow tropical limestone quarries. and processes that make those VHDWHHPLQJZLWKOLIHDERXW landscapes, rocks, minerals, million years ago when Wales The central spine of the Clwydian fossils and soils which provide lay south of the equator. The Range and the slopes of the Dee the framework for life on earth. rocks contain many fossils of Valley are dominated by heather FUHDWXUHVVXFKDVPDQ\GLHUHQW clad hills. The hills are Silurian (Stanley, 2001). types of coral, crinoids, (sea age, mudstones and sandstones OLO\ ELYDOYHDQGEUDFKLRSRG deposited in a deep sea 410 :LWKWKLVGHȴQLWLRQJHRGLYHUVLW\LV VKHOOȴVKHVSHFLDOO\WKHODUJH million years ago. These deep DOODURXQGXVΖWSURYLGHVWKHUDZ *LJDQWRSURGXFWXVJLJDQWHXVDQG VHDURFNVKDYHEHHQIROGHG materials for industry, buildings, 'DYLVLHOODOODQJROOHQVLVDQGUDUH faulted and uplifted to their homes and the soils in which trilobites. At the far eastern end present position by huge Earth our crops grow. It also begins of the AONB there is the remains PRYHPHQWVDQGQRZWKHKLJKHVW WRVKDSHDQGGHȴQHKDELWDWV of beaches with large sand dunes SRLQW0RHO)IHUQDDERYHWKH'HH VRLPSRUWDQWIRUELRGLYHUVLW\ which formed on the coast of 9DOOH\LVPDERYHVHDOHYHO Important to the Clwydian Range the shallow sea. This sandstone and Dee Valley, it produces the LVYHU\KLJKLQVLOLFDDQGWKH spectacular landscapes,which are deposits were quarried for the important for our health and well- glass industry. These limestones being. DQGVDQGVWRQHVWRRKDYHEHHQ XSOLIWHGIURPWKHVHDȵRRUWRWKHLU The eastern edge of the SUHVHQWSRVLWLRQRYHUPDERYH Clwydian Range and Dee Valley VHDOHYHO is dominated by limestone
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Setting the Plan in Context | 11 M61
Liverpool M53 Manchester
Warrington Prestatyn Llandudno M53 Rhyl 41 M56 A55 A55 Conwy Northwich A55 Bangor A55
Denbigh ENGLAND Chester M6 Mold Caernarfon A5 Ruthin A483
Stoke on Trent A494 A487 A5 Wrexham
Blaenau Ffestiniog Whitchurch
Pwllheli A41 Oswestry A470 Stafford A494
A5 M56 Shrewsbury Telford WALES M54 M M53 Wolverhampton
Birmingham Aberystwyth M5
Nantwich
39
Bala An Ecosystem Approach
3.1 An Ecosystem What is the landscape of the that support human well-being. WKH$21%FDQSURYLGHWRPHHWWKH Clwydian Range and Dee Valley It seeks to maintain the integrity needs of society and respond to Approach delivering for us and how can and functioning of ecosystems current issues such as the need we ensure that it can continue to DVDZKROHWRDYRLGUDSLG WRSURGXFHPRUHIRRGLPSURYH deliver? undesirable ecological change. It health and well-being and adapt also recognises that the impacts WRWKHHHFWVRIDFKDQJLQJ Natural Resources Wales RIKXPDQDFWLYLWLHVDUHDPDWWHU climate. is asking the managers of of social choice, and are as protected landscapes to follow integral to ecosystem interactions It is also recognised that the an ecosystems approach when as ecosystems are to human landscape of the Clwydian Range preparing management plans and DFWLYLWLHV DQG'HH9DOOH\KDVDQLQȵXHQFH has produced guidance in order on ecosystems, communities to assist in the adoption of this The natural systems of the and economies far beyond the approach ( Ecosystem Approach Clwydian Range and Dee Valley boundary of the designation. for Protected Landscapes WRXFKRXUOLYHVHYHU\GD\ )RUH[DPSOHWKHULYHUFDWFKPHQW 0DQDJHPHQW3ODQ5HYLHZVȇ :KHWKHUOLYLQJLQ0ROG:UH[KDP of the Dee has its beginnings Craggatak Consultanting March or Rhyl or in the more rural areas, in the Clwydian Range and the 2014) we rely on these natural systems Berwyn Mountains but extends to support us. They underpin our far beyond through Denbighshire, The ecosystem approach comes health, wealth and happiness and Wrexham, Flintshire and IURPWKH&RQYHQWLRQRQ%LRORJLFDO JLYHXVDVHQVHRISODFHSULGHDQG &KHVKLUH$FWLYLW\ZLWKLQ 'LYHUVLW\7KDWFRQYHQWLRQ identity. these catchments therefore is GHȴQHVWKHDSSURDFKDV potentially wide reaching and Well looked after, the AONB will so where necessary we need to “a strategy for the integrated FRQWLQXHWRSURYLGHXVZLWKVRPH consider these impacts. This is management of land, water and of the essentials of life including equally true of the communities living resources that promotes clean air and water, food, fuel and businesses outside of the conservation and sustainable and raw materials. It helps to $21%WKDWQHYHUWKHOHVVUHO\RQ use in an equitable way”. regulate our climate, stores the outstanding quality of the ȵRRGZDWHUVȴOWHUVSROOXWLRQ landscape on their doorstep to The ecosystem approach makes DQGSURYLGHVRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRU WKULYH explicit the link between the XVWRLPSURYHRXUKHDOWKDQG status of natural resource wellbeing. The Plan therefore V\VWHPVDQGHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHV QHHGVWRFRQVLGHUZKDWEHQHȴWV
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | An Ecosystem Approach | 13 Plants and trees are central to regulating air quality through the recycling of carbon dioxide The Cultural heritage of the AONB gives the area a distinctive character shaped by communities over generations
Regulating Carbon Capture - 160 million tons of Carbon is locked into the Welsh uplands
The Dee catchment provides fresh drinking water to North Wales and the north West of England
Provision of energy through harnessing hydro, solar or wind
Woodland moorland and ffridd are particularly important in regulating water flow from catchments into rivers and streams Tranquil and inspirational landscape
Providing timber into local markets at Kronospan Providing Food 425 farms in the AONB keeping 95,760 ewes and lambs, 11,063 cows and calves
Cultural Services - Access to the outdoors can make a significant Outdoor Tourism contributes contribution to physicla and mental health around £40million to the Supporting biodiversity and wellbeing. Cost Physical inactivity in economy of the Clwydian Range Over a quarter of the AONB Wales estimated to be around £650m. and Dee Valley contains internationally important habitats and species Provisioning Regulating Cultural Supporting Services Services Services Services
The products of ecosystems The results of natural processes Ȇ1RQPDWHULDOȇEHQHȴWVWKDW Functions provided by ecosystems such as water, food and The VXFKDVZDWHUSXULȴFDWLRQDQG result from our interaction with that underpin all of the other supply of raw materials. air quality. the natural environment. services.
Water Supply Air Quality Inspiration Soil Formation
Clean water is essential for life. Plants and trees are central to The Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Soil is formed by the interaction The hill slopes of the Clwydian the cycle of oxygen and carbon is renowned for the beauty of its between plants. Range and Dee Valley are part of dioxide in the atmosphere. They landscape and its sense of place. the Dee and Clwyd catchments KDYHDQLPSRUWDQWUROHWRSOD\LQ 7KHDUHDKDVSURYLGHGLQVSLUDWLRQ Micro-organisms and the underlying supplying water for commercial UHJXODWLQJOHYHOVRIDLUSROOXWLRQ for many famous artists and writers. geology. We depend on healthy soils for and domestic use. growing food. Soils are slow to form but The special qualities of the can be quickly degraded by poor land AONB continue to be a source of management, erosion and the impacts inspiration and enables people to of weather and climate. HVFDSHDQGȴQGVSLULWXDOUHQHZDO Food Climate Regulation Tranquility Biodiversity and carbon storage
Farmers in the AONB produce 3ODQWVDQGWUHHVKDYHDQLQȵXHQFH 5HODWLYHWUDQTXLOOLW\LVUHFRJQLVHG 3ODQWVDQGDQLPDOVGULYHPDQ\RI food and other raw materials. on the climate at both local as a special quality of the AONB. It the processes that result in a healthy 7KHIDUPHGHQYLURQPHQWLVD and global scales. They absorb SURYLGHVDUHVRXUFHDQGDEHQHȴW HFRV\VWHPDQGWKHEHQHȴWVZHJHWIURP major producer of lamb, beef and and store carbon from the WKDWLVJUHDWO\YDOXHGLQWKHFRQWH[W LW7KHULFKQHVVDQGGLYHUVLW\RIVSHFLHV dairy. atmosphere. The peaty soils of of the busy population centres to DQGKDELWDWVDUHYLWDOWRFRQVHUYHDV the upland areas of the Clwydian the North and East. they support and underpin many of the 5DQJHDQG'HH9DOOH\KDYHDNH\ role to play in locking up carbon. SURFHVVHVZHUHO\RQWRVXVWDLQRXUOLYHV
The Clwydian Range and Dee Valley is home to a number of species particularly rare species such as black JURXVHKHQKDUULHUZDWHUYROHDQG great crested newts.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | An Ecosystem Approach | 15 Timber Water and Flood Cultural Heritage Water Regulation
:RRGODQGVFRYHUVDURXQG 7KHZDWHUFDWFKPHQWULYHUV It is the people of the Clwydian We rely on the natural of the total area of the AONB. and streams help regulate the 5DQJH 'HH9DOOH\WKDWJLYH HQYLURQPHQWDQGLWVIXQFWLRQVWR %RWKEURDGOHDYHGDQGFRQLIHU ȵRZRIZDWHUDQGGUDLQDJHRI WKHDUHDLWVGLVWLQFWLYHFKDUDFWHU SURYLGHXVZLWKIUHVKZDWHU woodlands contribute to timber the land through storage and and strong sense of place and markets at Kronospan but UHGXFLQJVXUIDFHUXQR7KH personal belonging. This heritage many small woodland owners PRRUODQGVZRRGODQGVDQGULGG has been a source of inspiration are engaged in coppicing and are particularly important and if to generations of landscape charcoal production properly managed they can help painters poets and musicians and UHGXFHȵRRGLQJDWWLPHVRIKLJK continues to inspire art music UDLQIDOODQGVXVWDLQULYHUȵRZV and poetry in eisteddfodau and during droughts literature across the area.
Energy Erosion Regulation Access and Nutrient Recycling Recreation
The AONB has good conditions The fragile peaty soils of the Recreation and tourism is a Plants, animals and micro- for a range of renewable energy heather ridges and the thin VLJQLȴFDQWIHDWXUHRIWKHDUHD organisms are essential to the schemes that are compatible with limestone soils are prone to ZLWKDQH[WHQVLYHQHWZRUNRI natural cycle of nutrients and help its special qualities. erosion. Erosion is reduced by DFFHVVURXWHVLQFOXGLQJWKH2DȇV maintain soil and water quality. WUHHDQGYHJHWDWLRQFRYHU Dyke National Trail 7KHUHLVVFRSHIRUGHYHORSLQJ ΖQFUHDVHGOHYHOVRIQXWULHQWVVXFK resources such as woodfuel Popular beauty spots at as nitrates and phosphates from and hydro in ways that also Loggerheads, Moel Famau and sewage and fertilisers can result LPSURYHODQGVFDSHTXDOLW\DQG WKHYLVLWRUDWWUDFWLRQVVXFKDVWKH in poor water quality. ELRGLYHUVLW\ World Heritage Site. The area DWWUDFWVPLOOLRQVRIYLVLWVHDFK \HDUZKLFKPDNHVDVLJQLȴFDQW contribution to the health and ZHOOEHLQJRIERWKWKHYLVLWRUVDQG residents.
16 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | An Ecosystem Approach
What Makes the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Special?
In setting out a programme of qualities where the features may of the 2009 Management Plan for management for the protection be considered to be the physical the Clwydian Range. Similarly the and enhancement of the AONB attributes, its rolling moorland, ZRUNWKDWWRRNSODFHWRGHOLYHU LWLVȴUVWQHFHVVDU\WRGHȴQH ZRRGODQGVDQGFOLVDQGWKH the extension to the Clwydian WKRVHLQGLYLGXDOIHDWXUHVDQG qualities are the nonphysical Range into the Dee Valley in qualities that make up the special attributes and are related to how 2011 considered the special character of the area. we interact with it. These are the characteristicsof the landscape sensory aspects of the landscape. which were then drawn together Whilst it is recognised that into an Interim Statement in 2012. there are a number of elements The 2009 management planning The Special Features and Qualities within the landscape that are of process for the Clwydian Range LGHQWLȴHGLQERWKSLHFHVRIZRUN SDUWLFXODUYDOXHLWLVLPSRUWDQWWR undertook consultation with KDYHEHHQGUDZQWRJHWKHUWR identify those features within the local communities, public bodies form the basis of this plan. Clwydian Range and Dee Valley and agencies with an interest WKDWUHSUHVHQWWKHȴQHVWTXDOLWLHV in the area’s management. The The special features and qualities nationally. It is also recognised LQGLYLGXDOIHDWXUHVDQGTXDOLWLHV LGHQWLȴHGLQERWKSLHFHVRIZRUN that this special character is made that make up the special KDYHEHHQGUDZQWRJHWKHUWR up of the unique combination character of the area were form the basis of this plan and are of all its Special Features and LGHQWLȴHGDQGIRUPHGWKHEDVLV replicated in Table 1
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | What Makes the Clwydian Range & Dee Valley Special? | 19 Table 1 : Special Qualities of the AONB
Landscape Tranquility Character Tranquillity is associated with an atmosphere of calm and stillness; peace and quiet; and with dark night skies. Remoteness and Wildness, Space and Freedom and Quality 5HPRWHQHVVDQGZLOGQHVVLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDIHHOLQJRIWUHSLGDWLRQDQGVRPHWLPHVHYHQGDQJHU7KHVXEOLPH 6SDFHDQGIUHHGRPDUHUHODWHGWRDFFHVVWRWKHODQGVFDSHDQGWKHXQLQWHUUXSWHGDQGH[WHQVLYHYLHZVIURPWKH high places within it. Bro and the link between communities and their landscape A sense of belonging and attachment to the landscape.
Habitats and Heather Moorland and Rolling ridges Wildlife 7KHGUDPDWLFPRRUODQGULGJHVRIWKHFHQWUDO&OZ\GLDQ5DQJHH[SDQVLYH/ODQGHJODDQG5XDERQ0RRUV Llantysilio and North Berwyn. Broadleaved woodlands and Veteran trees Bishops Wood, Cwm and Wheeler Valley. Ash dominated Alyn Valley woods and the small copses of the upper Alyn and upland oak woods of the Dee Valley. River Valleys and the River Dee 7KHGUDPDWLFDQGSRZHUIXOULYHU'HHFRQWUDVWHGZLWKWKHVPDOOHUWZLVWLQJDQGZLQGLQJ5LYHU$O\QDQG 5LYHU:KHHOHU
Limestone grasslands, cliffs and screes *UDLJ)DZU/RJJHUHDGVDQG%U\Q$O\QȂ/ODQDUPRQ\QΖ¤ODQGWKHVSHFWDFXODU(JOZ\VHJ(VFDSHPHQW
20 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | What Makes the Clwydian Range & Dee Valley Special? Historic Historic Settlement and Archaeology +LVWRULFVHWWOHPHQWSDWWHUQVDQGFRQVHUYDWLRQDUHDV7KHGLYHUVHSDWWHUQVDQGIHDWXUHVLQWKHODQGVFDSHOHIWE\ Environment SUHYLRXVJHQHUDWLRQV Industrial Features and the World Heritage Site Limestone quarrying and lead mining, slate quarries and associated tramways and workings – the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and canal, Horseshoe Falls. Historic Defence Features 7KHGUDPDWLFFKDLQRIΖURQ$JH+LOOIRUWVRIWKH&OZ\GLDQ5DQJH&DVWHOO'LQDV%UDQDQG&KLUN&DVWOHDQGPHGLHYDO 0RWWHDQG%DLOH\VDW7RPHQ\5KRGZ\GG7RPHQ\)DGUHDQG*O\QGķUȇV0RXQW&DUURJ Small historic features Often unlisted or scheduled a rich mixture of small historic features that are an important part of the rich cultural OD\HURIWKHODQGVFDSHȂZHOOVYLOODJHSXPSVERXQGDU\VWRQHVZD\PDUNHUVPLONVWDQGVDQG.WHOHSKRQHER[HV Traditional boundaries 'U\VWRQHZDOOVDQGKHGJHVUHȵHFWLQJWUDGLWLRQDOVNLOOVDQGFUDIWVPDQVKLSDQGRIWHQUHȵHFWLQJORFDOVW\OHVDQG geology.
Access Iconic Visitor and Cultural Attractions 6LWHVWKDWKDYHKHOSHGWRVKDSHWKHLGHQWLW\RIWKH$21%DVDYLVLWRUGHVWLQDWLRQȂ/RJJHUKHDGV0RHO)DPDX&DVWHOO Recreation and Dinas Bran, Valle Crucis Abbey, the Horseshoe Pass and Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Horseshoe Falls Tourism The Offa’s Dyke National Trail and Promoted Routes Stretching from Prestatyn Hillside in the north to Llangollen in the South, the National Trail makes the AONB particularly accessible. The Dee Valley Way, North Berwyn Way and a network of community paths. Together with H[WHQVLYHDUHDVRI$FFHVV/DQGWKHODQGVFDSHRIWKH$21%LVSDUWLFXODUO\DFFHVVLEOH
Culture The Built Environment 7KHYLOODJHVDQGWRZQVKDPOHWVDQGVFDWWHUHGVHWWOHPHQWV and People and Communities People $ULFKPL[RIFXOWXUHDQGVWURQJVHQVHRIFRPPXQLW\ȂWKHIDFLOLWLHVDQGVHUYLFHVWKDWDUHHVVHQWLDOWRVXVWDLQLQJ rural life.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | What Makes the Clwydian Range & Dee Valley Special? | 21 Responding to Future In setting an agenda for the 0DQ\RIWKHRYHUDUFKLQJIRUFHV general upland and farmland Special Qualities and Features of IRUFKDQJHLGHQWLȴHGLQWKHODVW bird species in Wales continue trends and issues the AONB this strategy has drawn AONB Management plan are WRGHFOLQHȂDGHFOLQHRIRYHU IURPWKHȴQGLQJVRIWKH6WDWHRI VWLOOUHOHYDQWDOWKRXJKWKHUHKDV LQUHFHQW\HDUVȂZKLFK WKH$21%5HSRUWZKLFKLGHQWLȴHV EHHQVRPHVLJQLȴFDQWSURJUHVV LVVDGO\LQOLQHZLWKDQRYHUDOO issues and the key forces for in addressing key issues in some GUDPDWLFORVVRIELRGLYHUVLW\ change impacting on the AONB areas. across the UK. both locally and nationally. • The Heather and Hillforts ȏ 7KHYLVLWRUHFRQRP\LQWKH The State of the AONB Reports Landscape Partnership Clwydian Range has expanded establishes some essential Scheme focused on issues ZLWKDQRYHUDOOLQFUHDVHLQ baseline data for key indicators of agricultural abandonment YLVLWRUVE\DSSUR[LPDWHO\ WKDWZLOOJLYHDQLGHDRIWKH and lack of management of and a corresponding increase general condition of the heathland areas on worked LQYLVLWRUVSHQGE\DURXQG landscape features and its with farmers and land WRRYHUe PLOOLRQ2YHUDOO resilience to change. Whilst some PDQDJHUVWREULQJVLJQLȴFDQW spend across the Clwydian GDWDH[LVWVIURPSUHYLRXVSODQV parts of the Clwydian Range Range and Dee Valley is which allows us to pick up trends and Llantysilio Mountains DURXQGe PLOOLRQDQGPDNHV in landscape change this is the into long term management DVLJQLȴFDQWFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKH ȴUVWWLPHWKDWWKHVRXWKHUQSDUW agreements. Black grouse employment and economy of of the AONB has been included. QXPEHUVKDYHVHHQDVWHDG\ the area. Addressing issues increase in response but in of congestion associated
22 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | What Makes the Clwydian Range & Dee Valley Special? ZLWKLQFUHDVHGYLVLWRUVWRWKH of energy production which AONB will be increasingly will bring an increase in important particularly around applications for wind, solar and Loggerheads and Moel Famau K\GURGHYHORSPHQWSURSRVDOV and the World Heritage Site at both within and outside the the Trefor Basin and Llantysilio. AONB.
ȏ 7KHUHKDVEHHQDQRYHUDOOORVV • Changes in Agricultural Support of tranquillity across the AONB Ȃ6XSSRUWIRUHQYLURQPHQWDO with a reduction of undisturbed ZRUNVSURYLGHGWRIDUPHUV DUHDVLGHQWLȴHGRQWKH:DOHV WKURXJK7LU*RIDODQG*ODVWLU Tranquil Areas Maps by around KDYHKDGDVLJQLȴFDQWLPSDFWRQ 10%. This has been primarily SRVLWLYHKDELWDWDQGODQGVFDSH been due to an increase in FRQVHUYDWLRQSDUWLFXODUO\ZLWK intrusion from major roads regard to management on and disturbance from light and Common Land. Changes in noise pollution from Wrexham these support mechanisms may and Rhosllanerchrugog has HHFWWKHVFRSHRIWKHVHZRUNV LQWHQVLȴHG in the future.
• There is an increasing need to consider renewable forms
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | What Makes the Clwydian Range & Dee Valley Special? | 23
A Vision for the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB
The Clwydian Range and Dee The AONB is managed through Valley AONB is a dynamic VRXQGDQGHHFWLYHSDUWQHUVKLSV ODQGVFDSHZLWKȵRXULVKLQJ which ensure that communities FRPPXQLWLHVDQGDWKULYLQJ DQGYLVLWRUVDUHIXOO\HQJDJHG local economy. This landscape in decision making and are supports a rich biological and HPSRZHUHGWRKDYHDVWDNHLQ FXOWXUDOUHVRXUFHGHOLYHULQJ WKHLUORFDOODQGVFDSHDQGLQYHVWLQ EHQHȴWVIRUWKHFRPPXQLWLHV its future. economies and ecosystems far beyond its boundary. The The Clwydian Range and Dee landscape of the Clwydian Range 9DOOH\LVDȵDJVKLSIRUVXVWDLQDEOH and Dee Valley is cherished as a GHYHORSPHQWDQGIRUZDUG SHDFHIXOKDYHQE\WKRVHOLYLQJ planning and its international LQDQGYLVLWLQJWKH$21%DQGLV protection as a category V treasured for its open spaces and SURWHFWHGODQGVFDSHLVLQȵXHQWLDO FRPPDQGLQJYLHZVΖWVVSHFLDO on an international, national and IHDWXUHVDQGWKHEHQHȴWVWKH\ local stage. SURYLGHDUHXQGHUVWRRGDQG appreciated by all.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | A Vision for the Clwydian Range & Dee Valley AONB | 25
Landscape Quality and Character
Great diversity of landscape, 7KLVVHFWLRQIRFXVHVVSHFLȴFDOO\ wide-open views, expansive on the qualities of the Clwydian moorland and dramatic ridges, Range and Dee Valley and in VSHFWDFXODUFOLVDQGVFUHHV particular the tranquillity it 17% 20% ancient trees and rich woodland, RHUVWKHZLGHDQGH[SDQVLYH common of AONB land sweeping river valleys and views in all directions from covered by cascading streams; diverse almost every corner. From land KHDWKODQGVDQGULFKȵRULVWLF the East, however, views are Glastir grasslands; dominated by the conurbations Agreements of Mold, Chester, Wrexham Historic settlements and and Merseyside. This has distinctive buildings, dramatic DVLJQLȴFDQWLPSDFWRQ monuments and a tapestry of tranquillity, particularly at evidence of human settlement: night, spilling light onto the world heritage site, canals darker skies to the West. aqueducts and waterways; This section also recognises Dark night skies; clear the vital role that people unpolluted air, peace and have played and continue to tranquillity, remote and wild; play in giving the landscape ruined abbeys and early a distinctive character. churches, picturesque views Generations of communities and ancient ruins; thriving have shaped the land, farming, communities, Welsh language building and moulding the and Culture; artistic and literary landscape to meet their needs. inspiration, extensive trails and It is people who give an area paths; LWVȵDYRXULWVFXOWXUHDQGLWV heritage, accumulated over &\QHȴQ%HORQJLQJ many generations.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Landscape Quality & Character | 27 Special Qualities • Tranquillity
• Remoteness and Wildness - Peace and quiet with a hint of danger and surprise
• Bro and the link between communities and their landscape - A sense of belonging and attachment to the landscape
Policies Landscape Quality and Character
PolSQ1 &RQVHUYHDQGHQKDQFHWKH6SHFLDO4XDOLWLHVDQGGLVWLQFWLYHFKDUDFWHURIWKH$21%ȇV landscape and associated features including the historical built form.
PolSQ2 6DIHJXDUGWKHSDQRUDPLFYLHZVWUDQTXLOOLW\DQGHQYLURQPHQWDOTXDOLW\RIWKH$21%IRU the generations of today and the future.
PolSQ3 6HFXUHWKHHTXLWDEOHVXVWDLQDEOHXVHRIWKHDUHDȇVQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVWRFRQVHUYHDQG enhance the special qualities of the AONB.
PolSQ4 3URWHFWDQGSURPRWHWUDGLWLRQDOFXOWXUDOGLVWLQFWLYHQHVVZLWKLQWKH$21%LQFOXGLQJWKH Welsh language.
28 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Landscape Quality & Character Objectives LQCO1 Ensure that the natural resources and special TXDOLWLHVRIWKH$21%DUHUHFRJQLVHGDQGYDOXHG
LQCO2 (QVXUHWKDWWKHLPSDFWVRIHQYLURQPHQWDOFKDQJHRQ the AONB are understood and a strategic response is GHYHORSHGDQGLPSOHPHQWHG
LQCO3 0LQLPLVHWKHFXPXODWLYHLPSDFWVRIVPDOOVFDOH change that may erode the special character of the AONB.
LQCO4 Protect the tranquillity of the AONB and take steps where possible to reduce noise and light pollution.
LQCO5 :KHUHSRVVLEOHUHGXFHYLVXDOLQWUXVLRQE\VFUHHQLQJ RUUHPRYLQJH\HVRUHV
LQCO6 ΖQYHVWLJDWHDQGLQFUHDVHRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKH cultural heritage of communities in the AONB.
LQCO7 'HYHORS3DUWQHUVKLSVWKDWZLOOKHOSWRVWLPXODWH awareness of and interest in the rich cultural dimension to communities in the AONB.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Landscape Quality & Character | 29
Habitats and Wildlife
The AONB supports a are recognised by designation support for tourism, recreation special wide diversity of habitats DVD6LWHRI6SHFLDO6FLHQWLȴF and access. The balanced protection DQGVSHFLHVUHȵHFWLQJWKH Interest, a Special Area for grazing of the upland areas local variations in geology, Conservation and a Special together with careful and area topography, soils, land use Protection Area. appropriate management is and climate. The dramatic essential in sustaining a rich moorland ridges of the Farming, especially traditional and diverse habitat for some of Clwydian Range and rolling hills mixed beef and sheep farming, our rarest species. Heathland of the Dee Valley are mixed underpins the landscape makes up around a quarter with spectacular limestone character, biodiversity and of the AONB area and plays a special FOLVPHDQGHULQJDQG ecosystem services of the YLWDOUROHLQUHJXODWLQJWKHȵRZ areas of cascading rivers and scattered Clwydian Range and Dee Valley. of rain water into the major conservation woodlands. They contain some rivers. of the UK’s most important This traditional industry KDELWDWVDQGWKHVLJQLȴFDQFH focused on the production of of these areas for conservation IRRGDOVRSURYLGHVVLJQLȴFDQW
Connectivity hectares of woodland ΖWLVWKHFRPELQDWLRQDQGYDULHW\ 7KHXSODQGDUHDVDQGULYHU ȵRRGUHJXODWLRQVRLOIRUPDWLRQ of features and habitats in the YDOOH\VRIWKH&OZ\GLDQ5DQJHDQG and pollination and are equally AONB that taken together make 'HH9DOOH\DUHSURYLGLQJPDQ\ critical to human well-being. the Clwydian Range and Dee HFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHEHQHȴWVIRU Valley special. It is important people and communities both 7KH$21%FRQWDLQVYDOXHG WRFRQVLGHUKRZWKHVHYDULRXV within and beyond the AONB. landscapes and natural habitats components interact and function Some are well known such as and its soils and woodlands store DVDQRYHUDOOHFRV\VWHP IRRGIXHOZDWHUDQGELRGLYHUVLW\ carbon. It is an important source DVZHOODVFXOWXUDOVHUYLFHVVXFK of water and food. Its landscape as recreation and tourism. Others DQGQDWXUDOEHDXW\DWWUDFWYLVLWRUV are less apparent, but include seeking recreation and mental refreshment.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Habitats and Wildlife | 31 Special Features • Heather Moorland and Rolling Ridges
ȏ %URDGOHDYHGDQG9HWHUDQWUHHV
ȏ 5LYHU9DOOH\VDQGWKH5LYHU'HH
ȏ /LPHVWRQHJUDVVODQGVFOLVDQGVFUHHV
Policies Habitats and Wildlife
PolHW1 6HFXUHQDWXUDOV\VWHPVDQGQHWZRUNVWKDWSURYLGHPRUHDQGEHWWHUSODFHVIRUQDWXUHIRU WKHEHQHȴWRIZLOGOLIHDQGSHRSOH
PolHW2 Restore, reconnect and expand key habitats and species at a landscape scale in order to LQFUHDVHUHVLOLHQFHWRHQYLURQPHQWDOFKDQJH
PolHW3 (QVXUHWKDWWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRIKDELWDWVLVDQLQWHJUDOSDUWRIDJULFXOWXUDODQGȴHOG sports management.
PolHW4 (QVXUHWKDWWKHQDWXUDOEHQHȴWVDQGVHUYLFHVRIWKHODQGVFDSHDUHSURSHUO\XQGHUVWRRG DQGYDOXHG
32 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Habitats and Wildlife Heather Moorland and Most of the moorland within Range are not designated they ULGGKDVDGLVWLQFWLYHKDELWDW the AONB consists of dry heath are still important habitats for composition with elements Rolling Ridges although wet heath and blanket a number of important species. characteristic of both upland bog are also present particularly Across the AONB there is a and lowland habitats. Ffridd in the South. Management is GLVWLQFWLYHWUDQVLWLRQDO]RQHRQWKH can often be one of the most primarily for sheep with grouse lower hillsides where moorland GLYHUVHKDELWDWVZLWKLQWKH$21% management also important JLYHVZD\WRPRUHIHUWLOHORZ and it particularly important in in the Dee Valley. Although lying farmland. This upland connecting more fragmented moorland areas in the Clwydian margin, often known in Wales as areas.
Objectives HMRO1 :RUNZLWKWKH1RUWK:DOHV%LRQHW*URXSWR maintain or extend the current extent of heather moorland within the AONB.
HMRO2 %ULQJDUHDVRIKHDWKHUPRRUODQGLQWRSRVLWLYH SURGXFWLYHPDQDJHPHQW
HMRO3 Continue to monitor black grouse and other upland bird species as an indicator of habitat condition.
HMRO4 Associate high quality food production with ecosystem management.
HMRO5 Support and encourage sustainable grouse moors PDQDJHPHQWZKHUHLWKDVSRVLWLYHHQYLURQPHQWDO and economic impacts.
HMRO6 3URYLGHVXSSRUWWRIDUPHUVDQGODQGRZQHUVLQ upland areas to bring moorlands into management schemes.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Habitats and Wildlife | 33 Limestone Grasslands, Calcareous grasslands and WKH/\Q[FDYHDQG3HUWKLFKZDUDH Many limestone areas within the Cliffs and Screes limestone outcrops exist The second largest limestone $21%DUHRIVLJQLȴFDQWELRORJLFDO throughout the AONB most SDYHPHQWLQ:DOHVLVIRXQGDW and geological interest and as notably to the North around Bryn Alyn. VXFKDUHDRUGHGSURWHFWLRQ Prestatyn Hillside and the central DV6LWHVRI6SHFLDO6FLHQWLȴF areas around Llanarmon yn These areas are associated Interest and Special Areas of with shallow, free draining Iål and Eryrys. The dramatic &RQVHUYDWLRQ base rich soils supporting rich Eglwyseg Escarpment dominates plant communities. This habitat 7UDGLWLRQDOO\WKHVHDUHDVKDYH the Eastern end of the Dee Valley type contributes greatly to the been associated with quarrying LQWKH6RXWKDQGSURYLGHVVRPH ELRGLYHUVLW\RIWKH$21%7KHVH and mineral extraction with a few of the most outstanding features RSHQDUHDVKDYHWUDGLWLRQDOO\ large quarries still in operation, RIWKH$21%&DYHVV\VWHPVDW EHHQPDLQWDLQHGE\JUD]LQJ and a wealth of industrial Ffynnon Beuno, Llanarmon yn OLYHVWRFNEXWFKDQJHVLQIDUP archaeology associated with Iål and the Alyn Valley are key SUDFWLFHVKDYHOHGWRVRPHDUHDV 19th and early 20th century lead features of this landscape and in EHFRPLQJXQGHUJUD]HGZLWK mining. many cases are associated with a subsequent loss of species pre historic occupation such as at GLYHUVLW\DVVFUXEHQFURDFKHV
Objectives LGPO1 Maintain the current extent of calcareous grassland DQGOLPHVWRQHSDYHPHQWZLWKLQWKH$21%
LGPO2 Bring all areas of public owned / managed limestone JUDVVODQGFOLVDQGVFUHHVLQWRIDYRXUDEOH management schemes.
LGPO3 3URYLGHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUSULYDWHO\RZQHGDUHDVRI OLPHVWRQHJUDVVODQGDQGSDYHPHQWWRFRPHLQWR IDYRXUDEOHPDQDJHPHQWVFKHPHV
LGPO4 Ensure that recreational pressure is minimised in VHQVLWLYHDUHDV
34 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Habitats and Wildlife Broadleaved Woodland Many of these woodlands and Veteran Trees represent a link with the landscape as it appeared following the last ice age and VXSSRUWDGLYHUVHUDQJHRIȵRUD and fauna. Ash woodlands are particularly important in the Alyn Valley where it has been designated SAC. In other parts of the AONB oak woods are VLJQLȴFDQW7KHKLVWRULFSDUNODQGV SDUWLFXODUO\HYLGHQWLQWKH'HH Valley contain some of the oldest trees in the AONB and are key components of the historic landscape as well as supporting VLJQLȴFDQWELRGLYHUVLW\
Objectives WVTO1 0DLQWDLQWKHFXUUHQWH[WHQWRIEURDGOHDYHGZRRGODQGDQGYHWHUDQWUHHVZLWKLQWKH$21% KDYLQJUHJDUGIRURWKHUSROLFLHVZLWKLQWKHPDQDJHPHQWVWUDWHJ\
WVTO2 3URWHFWYHWHUDQWUHHVZLWKLQWKHODQGVFDSHDFURVVWKH$21%
WVTO3 0DLQWDLQDQGUHVWRUHEURDGOHDYHGZRRGODQGWRZDUGVDIDYRXUDEOHFRQGLWLRQWKURXJK WKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI%LRGLYHUVLW\$FWLRQ3ODQVIRU0L[HG$VK:RRGODQGV8SODQG2DN Woodlands and Wet Woodlands.
WVTO4 'HYHORSSXEOLFDOO\RZQHGZRRGODQGVDVPRGHOVRIEHVWSUDFWLFHLQEURDGOHDIZRRGODQG management.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Habitats and Wildlife | 35 River Valleys ΖQFRQVLGHULQJWKH5LYHU9DOOH\V within the AONB is potentially far The Dee Valley also includes of the AONB it is important to reaching. the Llangollen canal which is look beyond the water bodies an additional riparian corridor WKHPVHOYHV)RUH[DPSOHWKH 7KH5LYHU'HHLVWKHPRVW SURYLGLQJNH\KDELWDWVDORQJLWV management of the moorlands GRPLQDQWRIWKHULYHUVLQWKH miles stretch. DQGULGGPDLQWHQDQFHRI AONB with the Dee catchment ZRRGODQGVDQGȴHOGERXQGDULHV extending northwards to include They are dynamic systems and FDQQRWRQO\PDQDJHȵRRG WKH5LYHU$O\QLQWKHKHDUWRI SURYLGHDZLGHUDQJHRIHFRORJLFDO ZDWHUVEXWFDQDOVRGHOLYHU the Clwydian Range. The Dee is QLFKHVVXSSRUWLQJDGLYHUVH better water quality and help designated SAC and is important ȵRUDDQGIDXQD7KH\DOVRIRUP in carbon capture. Also we for Atlantic salmon, otter and a important wildlife corridors, should remember that the water range of wetland habitats. The enabling dispersion and migration XOWLPDWHO\ȵRZVIDUEH\RQGWKH :KHHOHULVWKHRWKHUVLJQLȴFDQW of species. boundary of the AONB so the ULYHUIRUPLQJDQLPSRUWDQWSDUWRI impact of land management the Clwyd Catchment.
Objectives RVO1 &RQWLQXHWRPRQLWRUWKHH[WHQWRINH\LQGLFDWRUVSHFLHVVXFKDVRWWHUDQGZDWHUYROHLQ order to gauge habitat condition.
RVO2 &RQWLQXHWRGHYHORSDSDUWQHUVKLSRINH\DJHQFLHVDQGERGLHVWRHQVXUHDQLQWHJUDWHGDQG landscape approach to management.
RVO3 6XSSRUWDQGGHYHORSDODQGVFDSHVFDOHDSSURDFKWRDSURJUDPPHRILQYDVLYHVSHFLHV control particularly in relation to Himalayan balsam.
RVO4 Raise awareness amongst the general public and landowners/managers of the importance RIWKHULYHUYDOOH\VIRUELRGLYHUVLW\
36 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Habitats and Wildlife
The Historic Environment
The AONB has a wealth of The large number of historic archaeological and historic archaeological sites in remains that date from the the AONB are part of the parks & early prehistoric period right continuous imprint of human 10 gardens through to the Second World activity that contribute to the 12 War. Sites range from the landscape character. They Iron Age massive Iron Age Hillforts represent human activity Hillforts to the less conspicuous crop from around the last ice age PDUNVDQGȴQGVLQWKHORZHU 12,000 years ago to the more areas. recent but important industrial landscapes associated with mineral and stone extraction.
Many of these archaeological 645 sites are Scheduled Ancient 0RQXPHQWVDQGDUHDRUGHG listedi protection through Cadw. Many other historic features, such buildings as boundary stones, village wells and milestones are not protected and as such are much more vulnerable. 1 conservation 95 World scheduled areas ancient Heritage monuments Site
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | The Historic Environment | 39 Special Features • Historic Settlement and Archaeology
• Industrial Features and the World Heritage Site
• Historic Defence Features
• Small Historic Features
• Traditional Boundaries
Policies The Historic Environment
PolHE1 7RFRQVHUYHDQGHQKDQFHIHDWXUHVDQGVLWHVRIDUFKDHRORJLFDOFXOWXUDORUKLVWRULF importance within the AONB whilst recognising that the whole of the area has an historic dimension.
PolHE2 ΖQFUHDVHRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIDOODVSHFWRIWKH+LVWRULF(QYLURQPHQWRIWKH$21%
PolHE3 (QVXUHWKDWWKH:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHLVFRQVHUYHGDQGHQKDQFHGLQWKHFRQWH[WRILWV setting within the AONB.
40 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | The Historic Environment Historic Settlement and Archaeology
Objectives HSAO1 Work towards a position where the condition/state of all archaeological sites within the AONB is known and appropriate management work is carried out. Utilise HER LQIRUPDWLRQ3DQ:DOHVSURMHFWV*ODVWLUDJULHQYLURQPHQWVFKHPHVDQGWKHSODQQLQJ process to facilitate this.
HSAO2 (QFRXUDJHRZQHUVRI+LVWRULFSDUNVDQG*DUGHQVZLWKLQWKH$21%WRPDLQWDLQDQG restore existing parkland features as noted in the Register.
HSAO3 ΖQFUHDVHWKHSURȴOHRIWKH+LVWRULF(QYLURQPHQWWKURXJKHHFWLYHDQGFRQVLVWHQW interpretation and information.
HSAO4 ΖQFRUSRUDWHLQIRUPDWLRQJDWKHUHGDVSDUWRIWKH+LVWRULF(QYLURQPHQW5HFRUGLQWRWKH continuous management process within the AONB.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | The Historic Environment | 41 Industrial Features and The tranquillity and beauty of onto remote hillsides and deep reminders of past ingenuity and the AONB today in many places LQWRZRRGHGYDOOH\VLQVHDUFK determination. World Heritage Site PDVNVWKHEXVWOLQJDQGWKULYLQJ of fortune. The same period industry that once dominated VDZJUHDWLQQRYDWLRQLQRYHU Throughout the AONB remains many parts of the Clwydian coming the natural barriers of of winding sheds, engine houses, Range and Dee Valley during the the landscape and features such tramways and limekilns are an ΖQGXVWULDO5HYROXWLRQ7KHGULYH as the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, the important part of the special to win natural resources from the Alyn Valley’s Leete and tramways character of the landscape landscape; lead, limestone, slate from Moel Fferna and Llantysilio DQGRHUUHPLQGHUVRISDVW and sand, saw entrepreneurs DQGH[WHQVLYHOHDGZRUNVDW communities. and prospectors push high Minera remain as dramatic
Objectives
WHSO1 6HFXUHWKHLQWHJULW\RIWKHRXWVWDQGLQJXQLYHUVDOYDOXHVRIWKH:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWH
WHSO2 ΖGHQWLI\DQGPDLQWDLQNH\YLHZVWRDQGIURPWKH:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGWKHYLVXDODQG cultural setting in line with other policies in this strategy.
WHSO3 7DNHVWHSVWRPDQDJHWKHLPSDFWRIYLVLWRURQWKHKLVWRULFLQWHJULW\DQGVHWWLQJRIWKH :RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHWKURXJKWKHSURYLVLRQRIIDFLOLWLHVVLJQDJHDQGVHUYLFHVLQDSSURSULDWH locations.
WHSO4 Ensure a consistent or complimentary approach to interpretation, signage and quality of the experience for the World Heritage Site across partnership authorities.
WHSO5 Raise awareness of the importance of industrial sites and features within the planning and AONB.
WHSO6 'HYHORSDQȊDWULVNȊUHJLVWHUIRUNH\LQGXVWULDOKLVWRULFVLWHVDQGZRUNWRZDUGVSURJUDPPHV that will respond where action is required.
42 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | The Historic Environment Hillforts and Defensive 7KHPHGLHYDOVWURQJKROGVRI and Dee Valley point to a much Castell Dinas Brân and Chirk HDUOLHURFFXSDWLRQDQGGHIHQVLYH Structures Castle associate the Southern part settlement. Later again the of the AONB with the defence DVVRFLDWLRQRI2ZDLQ*O\QGķU RIWKH'HH9DOOH\E\ȴUVWWKH ZLWK&RUZHQDQG(GHU\QLRQJLYHD Welsh and subsequently the strong cultural and historical root English under Edward I. The in defence of national identity. LPSUHVVLYHFKDLQRIΖURQ$JH Hillforts of the Clwydian Range
Objectives DFSO1 (QVXUHWKHFRQWLQXDWLRQRIWKHDFKLHYHPHQWVRIWKH+HDWKHUDQG+LOOIRUWV3URMHFWDQG PDLQWDLQH[LVWLQJOHYHORIZRUNDWWKHKLOOIRUWVRI3HQ\FORGGLDX0RHO$UWKXU0RHO\*DHU /ODQEHGUDQG0RHO)HQOOLDQGDLPWRLQFOXGH0RHO\*DHU%RGIDULDQG0RHO+LUDGGXJ
DFSO2 (QVXUHWKHVWUXFWXUDOLQWHJULW\RIKLVWRULFGHIHQVLYHIHDWXUHVDQGHQVXUHWKDWLPSDFWVRI YLVLWRUSUHVVXUHLVPLQLPLVHG
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | The Historic Environment | 43
Small Historic Features The landscape and particularly longer maintained by the Highway WKHYLOODJHVRIWKH&OZ\GLDQ Authority, milestones or K6 red Range Area and Dee Valley Area WHOHSKRQHER[HVQRORQJHUKDYHD of Outstanding Natural Beauty use and can easily disappear from contain many small features our landscape. ZKLFKFXPXODWLYHO\KHOSHQKDQFH WKHDUHDDQGJLYHLWLWVFKDUDFWHU 7KHVHHYHU\GD\IHDWXUHVDUH 6RPHVWLOOKDYHDXVHIXOIXQFWLRQ often taken for granted but our OLNHSRVWER[HVDQGYLOODJHJUHHQV settlement landscapes would be and parish commons. Others the poorer without them. OLNHROGȴQJHUSRVWURDGVLJQVQR
Objectives SHFO1 Raise awareness of the importance of small historic features within both the planning DQGKLJKZD\VHQYLURQPHQWVE\SURYLGLQJWUDLQLQJVHVVLRQVWRSURIHVVLRQDOV
SHFO2 Encourage Communities to identify and map features within their communities on a standard database.
SHFO3 Encourage Communities to adopt these features and act as their champions by raising awareness within community councils and youth groups.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | The Historic Environment | 45 Boundaries Boundary features in the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley ODUJHO\UHȵHFWORFDOFLUFXPVWDQFHV and geology. In the limestone areas the boundaries are predominantly stone built, in the more recently enclosed upland areas boundaries are predominantly fence lines and in the agricultural areas of the lower slopes hedges predominate.
Objectives BO1 8VLQJ6')DQGRWKHUIXQGVGHYHORSD&RXQWU\VLGH*UDQWVFKHPHVWRVXSSRUWSURMHFWV which will maintain and enhance the most important boundaries in the AONB as well as other Special Features.
BO2 ΖQOLQHZLWKDVSLUDWLRQVZLWKLQ7KH:HOVK+LVWRULF(QYLURQPHQW6WUDWHJLF6WDWHPHQW raise the skills base amongst the local workforce to increase the number of people who FDQFDUU\RXWWKHQHFHVVDU\FRQVHUYDWLRQDQGUHSDLUZRUN
BO3 Identify the most important boundaries within the AONB.
46 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | The Historic Environment
Access, Recreation and Tourism
The Clwydian Range and Dee AONB was prepared, to run up of tourism to the economy, km Valley is an historic gateway to 2013 and beyond. It formed environment and communities to Wales, crossed by a number the basis for the award to the of the AONB and its wider 772 of access corridors. These AONB of the European Charter DUHDRILQȵXHQFH6XVWDLQDEOH corridors, including main for Sustainable Tourism in 7RXULVPLVGHȴQHGDVWRXULVP rights road routes (such as the A5, Protected Areas and has been that takes full account of its of way A55 and A494), upland passes actively used by the AONB current and future economic, (including the Horseshoe Pass) team and its partners to guide social and environmental and the rail routes, have varied their tourism related work in impacts, addressing the needs KLVWRULFDOVLJQLȴFDQFHDVZHOO the area. This strategy was of visitors, the industry, as being highly important for reviewed in 2014 encompassing the environment and host tourism. In 2007 a Sustainable the new parts of the AONB communities. tourism Tourism Strategy and Action in the South. The strategy spend Plan for the Clwydian Range gives recognition to the value
£39.4M Health and well-being
The trend across the UK and RISK\VLFDOLQDFWLYLW\KDVEHHQ FRXQWU\VLGHSUHVHQWVDe VDYLQJ km RWKHUGHYHORSHGQDWLRQVLVIRU FRQVHUYDWLYHO\FDOFXODWHGWREH WRWKHKHDOWKVHUYLFHΖQYHVWPHQW SK\VLFDODFWLYLW\OHYHOVWRGHFOLQH e%LOOLRQSHUDQQXPLQGLUHFW in infrastructure and action to 324 This is associated with widespread costs to the NHS alone. Indirect IDFLOLWDWHLQFUHDVHGDFWLYLW\OHYHOV XVHRIWKHSULYDWHFDUDQLQFUHDVH FRVWVKDYHEHHQHVWLPDWHGDV amongst local communities LQVHGHQWDU\OHLVXUHDFWLYLWLHV e%LOOLRQSHUDQQXP6WXGLHV through access to the countryside promoted and greater mechanisation in KDYHVKRZQWKDWLQD8.FRQWH[W is critical therefore in promoting routes the home, workplace and public IRUHYHU\eVSHQWRQGHYHORSLQJ VLJQLȴFDQWO\LPSURYHGOHYHOVRI places. Illness as an outcome and promoting access to the health and wellbeing.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Access, Recreation and Tourism | 49 Special Features • Iconic Visitor and Cultural Attractions
ȏ 7KH2DȇV'\NH1DWLRQDO7UDLODQG3URPRWHG5RXWH
Policies Access, Recreation and Tourism
PolART1 To promote the sustainable use and enjoyment and understanding of the landscape of WKH$21%LQDZD\WKDWFRQWULEXWHVWRORFDOSURVSHULW\DQGVRFLDOLQFOXVLYHQHVV
PolART2 (QVXUHWKHDWWUDFWLYHQHVVRIWKH$21%ȇVODQGVFDSHDQGYLHZVDVDSULPDU\EDVLVIRUWKH areas tourism are retained.
PolART3 (QVXUHWKDWDOOYLVLWRUVDQGUHVLGHQWVDUHDEOHWRH[SHULHQFHDQGHQMR\WKHEHQHȴWVRI WKHVSHFLDOTXDOLWLHVRIWKH$21%ZLWKLQHQYLURQPHQWDOOLPLWV
PolART4 Ensure that the honey pots and other key access points are managed to a high standard DQGWKDWWKH\DFWDVPRGHOVRIJRRGSUDFWLFHLQDFFHVVDQGFRQVHUYDWLRQGHOLYHU\
PolART5 (QVXUHWKH&RXQWU\3DUNVDQGWKH2DȇV'\NH1DWLRQDO7UDLOSURYLGHHHFWLYHJDWHZD\V to the AONB in promoting understanding and awareness of its key qualities and features.
50 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Access, Recreation and Tourism Iconic Visitor and Key sites such as Loggerheads, sense of place because of the WKHVXEOLPHDQGKDVSURYRNHG Moel Famau, Castell Dinas Brân, cultural attachment associated JHQHUDWLRQVRIYLVLWRUVLQVHDUFK Cultural Attractions 9DOOH&UXFLVWKH5LYHU'HHDQG ZLWKWKHP7KHLQȵXHQFHRI RIWKHSLFWXUHVTXHWRȵRFNWRWKH 3RQWF\V\OOWHDTXHGXFWKDYHEHHQ Loggerheads and Moel Famau Dee Valley. reproduced by early landscape on the central Clwydian Range painters such as Richard Wilson, KDVEHHQVLJQLȴFDQWDQGVSDQQHG These sites often act as gateways Turner and Edward Pugh, and as generations. It has in part shaped into the wider landscape of the VXFKKDYHSDUWLFXODUVLJQLȴFDQFH communities and been a corner DUHDDQGSURYLGHOLQNVWRRWKHU LQWKHYHU\HDUO\SUHVHQWDWLRQ stone of tourism in this area. key sites. This is particularly true of picturesque landscapes. of Loggerheads, Moel Famau and 7KH\KDYHLQSDUWFRQWULEXWHG Similarly Castell Dinas Brân, WKH/ODQJROOHQFDQDOZKLFKKDYH WRDYHU\VWURQJWUDGLWLRQRI Valle Crucis Abbey, Pontcysyllte traditionally been many peoples tourism to these areas within and the and the Horseshoe Pass ȴUVWH[SHULHQFHRIWKHFRXQWU\VLGH the AONB. These are the sites FRPELQHWRJLYHWKH6RXWKHUQ and acted as a spring board for WKDWKHOSWRJLYHDQDUHDD part of the AONB a sense of further exploration.
Objectives IVCO1 (QVXUHWKDWYLVLWRUVDQGWKHWRXULVPLQGXVWU\ understand the need for, and support the FRQVHUYDWLRQDQGHQKDQFHPHQWRIWKHVSHFLDO qualities of the AONB as key assets upon which tourism is based.
IVCO2 3URPRWHDQGDVVLVWFRQYHQLHQWDQGVXVWDLQDEOH access into the AONB and special places within it.
IVCO3 &RQWLQXHWRGHYHORSSXEOLFWUDQVSRUWOLQNVDQG GHYHORSDVWUDWHJ\WRUHGXFHFRQJHVWLRQEHWZHHQ honey-pots and with other centres of population.
IVCO4 ΖQYHVWLJDWHZD\VWRUHGXFHFRQJHVWLRQDURXQGNH\ YLVLWRUDUHDV
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Access, Recreation and Tourism | 51 IVCO5 7DUJHWLQIRUPDWLRQUHODWLQJWRWKH&RXQWU\VLGH&RGHEHKDYLRXUDQGWKHLPSDFWRIYLVLWRUV RQWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQVWDWXVRINH\VLWHV
IVCO6 Ensure that both Loggerheads and Moel Famau Country Parks continue to act as exemplars LQGHOLYHULQJVXVWDLQDEOHWRXULVPDQGFRQVHUYDWLRQPDQDJHPHQWDQGPDQDJHERWKVLWHV WRZDUGVIDYRXUDEOHFRQGLWLRQWKURXJKVHQVLWLYHHFRORJLFDOPDQDJHPHQW
IVCO7 Assist tourism businesses to embrace the opportunities and responsibilities of being in a protected area.
IVCO8 To promote and secure the sympathetic enhancement of the World Heritage Site, its IDFLOLWLHVDQGVHWWLQJWRFUHDWHDKLJKTXDOLW\YLVLWRUH[SHULHQFHKDYLQJUHJDUGWRWKHRWKHU policies in this management strategy.
The Offa’s Dyke National 7KH2DȇV'\NH3DWK1DWLRQDO Pontcysyllte Aqueduct towards Trail is a key feature of the AONB, Chirk Castle. Trail and Promoted running its entire length from Routes Prestatyn Hillside in the North to 7KH$21%LVDOVRZHOOVHUYHG the Dee Valley in the South. It E\DQH[WHQVLYHQHWZRUNRI links many of the AONB’s most ULJKWVRIZD\ZKLFKKDYHEHHQ outstanding features crossing DFWLYHO\PDLQWDLQHGLGHQWLȴHG the peaks and hillforts of the DQGSURPRWHGIRUYDULRXVNLQGV Clwydian Range, the dramatic of access, with some promoted moorland plateau of the Ruabon DVQDPHGWUDLOV7KH5LYHU'HH Mountain before crossing the SURYLGHVDPDMRUIDFLOLW\IRU Eglwyseg Escapement and the recreation.
52 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Access, Recreation and Tourism Objectives
ODPO1 &RQWLQXHDSURJUDPPHRI5LJKWVRI:D\LPSURYHPHQWDFURVVWKH$21%WKURXJK WKHXVHRIWKH&RPPXQLW\0LOHVLQLWLDWLYHDQGRWKHUDUHDDFFHVVLPSURYHPHQWZRUNV focusing on increasing opportunities to access the countryside.
ODPO2 3URYLGHLQFUHDVHGRSSRUWXQLWLHVZKHUHDSSURSULDWHIRUF\FOLQJDQGKRUVHULGLQJLQWKH AONB and promote these opportunities.
ODPO3 Ensure each Local Access Forum has a good understanding of the needs of the AONB through regular liaison.
ODPO4 5DLVHDZDUHQHVVRIWKHDFNQRZOHGJHGKHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJEHQHȴWVSURYLGHGE\ WKH$21%DQGGHYHORSLQLWLDWLYHVSURPRWLQJSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\SDUWLFXODUO\ZDONLQJDQG cycling.
ODPO5 8QGHUVWDQGDQGZRUNWRZDUGVUHPRYLQJSK\VLFDODQGSV\FKRORJLFDOEDUULHUVWRDFFHVV HQDEOLQJDOOVHFWRUVRIVRFLHW\WRSDUWLFLSDWHLQDQGEHQHȴWIURPRXWGRRUDFFHVVDQG recreational opportunities.
ODPO6 ΖQYHVWLJDWHZD\VWRSURPRWHWKH7UDLOZLWKORFDOWRXULVPEXVLQHVVHVDQGWRGHYHORS LQLWLDWLYHVWKDWZLOOVWUHQJWKHQEXVLQHVVOLQNV
ODPO7 Strengthen links between the National Trail and nearby settlements and places of interest utilising the wider Rights of Way Network and Public Transport.
ODPO8 0RQLWRUHURVLRQLQNH\DUHDVDQGGHYHORSDSURJUDPPHRIPHDVXUHVWKDWZLOO reduce the impact of the Trail on the landscape by limiting width or depth of path as appropriate.
ODPO9 ΖGHQWLI\NH\LQGLFDWRUVLWHVWRPRQLWRUYLVLWRUXVHUQXPEHUVZLWKLQWKH$21%
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Access, Recreation and Tourism | 53
Culture and People
18,960 Special Features ȏ 7KH%XLOW(QYLURQPHQW
residents • People and Communities
29.9% Culture and People Welsh Speakers Policies
PolCP1 (QVXUHWKDWQHZGHYHORSPHQWDGRSWVWKHKLJKHVW standards of design and is sympathetic to the character and appearance of the AONB.
PolCP2 5HWDLQDQGLPSURYHHVVHQWLDOVHUYLFHVDQGIDFLOLWLHV 19.9% for local people. of population in AONB living PolCP3 Ensure that local businesses and communities feel with long term a sense of ownership and responsibility for their limiting illness surroundings.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Culture and People | 55 Objectives BEO1 (QVXUHQHZGHYHORSPHQWLQDQGDURXQGWKH$21%LVV\PSDWKHWLFDOO\ORFDWHGLQWKH landscape, and is well designed to complement the character and appearance of the area DQGLWVVHWWLQJSDUWLFXODUO\LQUHVSHFWRIYLVXDOLPSDFWVFDOHPDWHULDOVDQGODQGVFDSLQJ
BEO2 &RQVHUYHDQGHQKDQFHWKHFKDUDFWHUDQGORFDOGLVWLQFWLYHQHVVRIKLVWRULFYLOODJHVEXLOGLQJV and gardens within the AONB.
BEO3 3URPRWHDFWLRQWRUHGXFHWKHYLVXDOLPSDFWRISURPLQHQWH[LVWLQJGHYHORSPHQWLQWKH AONB.
People and Communities need to be at The second is countering rural local communities feel that they WKHKHDUWRIDQ\YLVLRQ5XUDO exclusion by which opportunities are part of the AONB and they Communities communities need economic and are limited by issues such as KDYHDSDUWWRSOD\LQIRUPXODWLQJ social sustainability. There are unemployment, poor skills, low policy and the decision making two key areas that need support. incomes, poor housing and process. Communities should 7KHȴUVWLVORFDOIDFLOLWLHVVXFKDV poor public transport. A lack GLUHFWO\EHQHȴWIURPEHLQJLQWKH shops, pubs, schools and youth RIDRUGDEOHKRXVLQJIRUORFDO AONB through projects that are FOXEVZKLFKSURYLGHYLWDOVHUYLFHV people is another important targeted at communities and their for the community and local factor. Communities may also HQYLURQVWKURXJKWKH6XVWDLQDEOH employment, and includes more KDYHVSHFLȴFQHHGVIRUSDUWLFXODU 'HYHORSPHQW)XQG recent necessities of life such groups, including older and as mobile phone and internet younger people and the less access. able. It is also important that the
Objectives PCO1 +HOSORFDOFRPPXQLWLHVWRUHWDLQDQGHQKDQFHDFFHVVWRHVVHQWLDOFRPPXQLW\VHUYLFHVDQG facilities.
PCO2 6XSSRUWWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDRUGDEOHKRXVLQJIRUORFDOSHRSOHLQDSSURSULDWHORFDWLRQV whilst maintaining the highest standards of design and landscaping.
PCO3 Foster a sense of place and local pride to secure social well-being.
PCO4 (QVXUHWKDWWKHJRYHUQDQFHRIWKH$21%SURPRWHVHHFWLYHSDUWQHUVKLSVDQGIRVWHUV opportunities for communities to engage in the management of the AONB.
56 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STRATEGY | Culture and People
Part Two STATE of the AONB REPORT
Introduction 61 Tranquility, Remoteness & Wilderness 63 Natural Environment 69 The Historic Environment 77 Access and Leisure 83 Culture and People 87
Introduction
In setting an agenda that will seeks to identify an ideal state ensure the special qualities for these features and begins and features of the Clwydian to establish indicators that Range and Dee Valley are ZLOOKHOSWRGHȴQHZKDWZH SUHVHUYHGLWLVȴUVWQHFHVVDU\ are aiming for in pursuing the to make an assessment of their good health of the AONB. It is current extent and condition. an on-going process that relies It is also important that the on constant data gathering issues impacting upon them and monitoring and should be DUHLGHQWLȴHGDQGWKDWIDFWRUV able to respond to changing likely to impact upon them in demands on the environment. the future are anticipated. There is a requirement for up to date information that will The State of the AONB Report lead to informed responses to LGHQWLȴHVZKHUHSRVVLEOH environmental change. the extent and condition of each feature and the factors impacting on them. It also
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Introduction | 61
Tranquility, Remoteness & Wilderness
Resource Description Issues State / Special Feature
Intrusion • Light from the major settlements, particularly Further intrusion mapping required WRWKHHDVWDQGQRUWKRIWKH$21%KDYHD Extent: VLJQLȴFDQWLPSDFWRQGDUNQLJKWVNLHV $YDULHW\RIIDFWRUVFDQ • Illuminated bollards and signs within KDYHDQLPSDFWRQWKH • Light and noise pollution from transport, Denbighshire – 80 within AONB Tranquility, Remoteness and GHYHORSPHQWDQGUHFUHDWLRQHURGHV Wrexham - unknown Wilderness of the AONB. WUDQTXLOOLW\Ȃ$$ $$ Flintshire - unknown 7UDɝFQRLVHOLJKWSROOXWLRQ ȏ ΖQWUXVLYHDQGGHJUDGLQJHOHPHQWVVXFKDV ȏ 6WUHHWOLJKWVGLUHFWO\DGMDFHQWWR the impact of quarrying power lines / phone lines, transmitters, masts or within AONB in Denbighshire.
Wilderness and utility installations can DQGZLQGWXUELQHVFDQKDYHDVLJQLȴFDQW DOOKDYHDQHHFWRQWKH impact. tranquility of the AONB and ȏ &XPXODWLYHHHFWVRIVPDOOVFDOHFKDQJHFDQ peoples enjoyment of the lead to a degradation of landscape character. landscape. ȏ 3HUPLWWHGGHYHORSPHQWFRPSOHWHGZLWKLQWKH AONB could also impact the landscape. ȏ $FFRPPRGDWLQJYLVLWRUDFFHVVDQG GHVWLQDWLRQVLWHVZLWKLQVHQVLWLYHORFDWLRQV Tranquility, Remoteness and Tranquility,
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Tranquility, Remoteness & Wilderness | 63 Roads ȏ 3RVVLEOHHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWRI • Length and class of roads in the AONB: PDMRUURDGLPSURYHPHQWVFKHPHV Dualled EuroRoute 1.6km in the AONB. The principle roads and communication 7UXQN5RDG NP • Potential loss of rural character routes in the AONB primarily cross A Road 49.2km the Clwydian Range in an east – west and features as a result of direction, and run in an east – west highway maintenance, signage B Road 23.6km direction along the Dee Valley and DQGPLQRULPSURYHPHQWZRUNV Minor roads 338.8km 0RUZ\QLRQ9DOOH\7KHPRVWVLJQLȴFDQW ȏ ΖQFUHDVLQJWUDɝFUHODWHGWRSHRSOH 8QFODVVLȴHG&RXQW\5RDGV NP URDGLVWKHGXDOOHG$(XUR5RXWH working at a considerable distance 7RWDOOHQJWKRIURDG NP which passes through the narrowest IURPZKHUHWKH\OLYHLQFUHDVLQJ part of the AONB at Rhuallt. Other FRPPXWHUWUDɝFDQGXVHRIFDUV • No. of AONB threshold signs – 16 LPSRUWDQWURXWHVDUHWKH$DQG$ IRUUHFUHDWLRQDOYLVLWV ȏ 1RRI$21%EUDQGHGYLOODJHVLJQVȂ and Wilderness 7UXQN5RDGVDQGWKH$+RUVHVKRH • Raising awareness of the AONB 3DVV$$$$ DQG WKURXJKWKUHVKROGYLOODJHVLJQV $+RZHYHUWKHEXONRIWKHQHWZRUN within the AONB is made up of smaller roads and lanes, many of which add to the character of the area. Tranquility, Remoteness Tranquility,
Minerals • Restoration and aftercare of Within AONB: quarries, including these which ȏ 1RRIDFWLYHTXDUULHVȂ DUHRXWVLGHWKH$21%EXWYLVLEOH The limestone and slate geology of the ȏ $UHDRIDFWLYHTXDUULHVȂKDRIWRWDO IURPLWRULPSDFWRQYLHZVLQWRWKH Clwydian Range and Dee Valley has AONB area – 0.11% area. been exploited for its mineral wealth • No. of dormant quarries - unknown for centuries. This has left its mark on • Dormant sites – need to pursue the landscape; many abandoned or Prohibition Notices under s102 of • Area of dormant quarries - unknown % of ZRUNHGRXWPLQHUDOVLWHVKDYHEHHQ T&CP Act 1990. total AONB area - unknown DVVLPLODWHGLQWRWKHODQGVFDSHRYHU ȏ 1RRIFRQȴUPHG3URKLELWLRQ2UGHUV time but others still scar the area. unknown 7KHUHDUHWZRDFWLYHVODWHTXDUULHVLQ the AONB, other sites are dormant but Within 3km of AONB: KDYHROGSODQQLQJSHUPLVVLRQV*LYHQ the scale of mineral operations and ȏ 1RRIDFWLYHTXDUULHV their potential impact on a wide area, ȏ $UHDRIDFWLYHTXDUULHVȂKD LQFOXGLQJLPSRUWDQWYLHZVRXWRIWKH • No. of dormant quarries - unknown $21%WKHUHLVDQHHGWRKDYHUHJDUG • Area of dormant quarries - unknown WRERWKDFWLYHDQGGRUPDQWTXDUULHV outside the designated area. ȏ 1RRIFRQȴUPHG3URKLELWLRQ2UGHUVȂ unknown
64 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Tranquility, Remoteness & Wilderness ȏ 2YHUKHDGFDEOHVDQGZLUHVFDQ Extent: Utilities and degrade landscape character. ȏ /HQJWKRI1DWLRQDO*ULGKLJKYROWDJH Energy • Reluctance to share masts leads RYHUKHDGFDEOH NY ȂNP to duplication and an increase ȏ /HQJWKRINYRYHUKHDGSRZHUOLQHVȂ 2YHUKHDGSRZHUWUDQVPLVVLRQOLQHV impact on the local landscape. 1.38km and communications masts are the ȏ 0RELOHSKRQHFRYHUDJH ȏ /HQJWKRINYRYHUKHDGSRZHUOLQHVȂ most prominent utility infrastructure ‘blackspots’ lead to pressure for NP within the AONB. The largest power additional communication masts. ȏ /HQJWKRINYXQGHUJURXQGHGSRZHUOLQHV lines cross the AONB at its narrowest Wilderness ȏ &XPXODWLYHLPSDFWRIODUJHVFDOH Ȃ NP SRLQWQHDU5KXDOOWDQGWUDYHOWKURXJK ZLQGIDUPGHYHORSPHQWLQWKH the AONB down the Morwynion Communication masts: setting of the AONB degrades 9DOOH\*LYHQWKHWRSRJUDSK\RIWKH • Moel y Parc (TV) landscape character and sense of $21%LWLVDQDWWUDFWLYHORFDWLRQIRU ȏ 0RHO\*HOOL (PHUJHQF\6HUYLFHV tranquillity. communications infrastructure. The ȏ *ZDHQ\VJRU most prominent installations are the ȏ 7KHQHHGWRPRYLQJWRZDUGV]HUR • Bryn Alyn FDUERQGHYHORSPHQWZLWKRXW masts at Moel y Parc and Cyrn y Brain, • Cyrn y Brain harming the AONB. but there are also prominent masts at ȏ 0RHO*HOOL *ZDHQ\VJRU0RHO*HOOL&UDLJ\GGXDOOW • Craig-y-dduallt Coed Mawr and Barber’s Hill. • Coed Mawr $UHODWLYHO\QHZIHDWXUHRIUHJLRQDO • Barber’s Hill energy infrastructure is the Wind turbines: Tranquility, Remoteness and Tranquility, GHYHORSPHQWRIPDMRURQVKRUHDQGR • 1 46m high wind turbine consented within shore wind farms. the AONB ȏ PKLJKZLQGWXUELQHVZLWKLQNPȂ
• Impact of European and Welsh ȏ KDRIWKH$21%LV&RPPRQ/DQG Land Management *RYHUQPHQWDJULFXOWXUDODQG RIWRWDO$21%DUHD Practices IRUHVWU\SROLFLHVFDQKDYHD ȏ KD RIWRWDO$21%DUHD RIODQG VLJQLȴFDQWLPSDFWRQODQGVFDSH LQWKH$21%LQ*ODVWLU$JULHQYLURQPHQW Land Management Practices are FKDUDFWHUDQGYLHZV scheme in 2013. continually changing, adapting to • It is important that habitat ȏ KD (QWU\/HYHO JRYHUQPHQWSROLF\FOLPDWHFKDQJH LPSURYHPHQWVDQGFUHDWLRQ ȏ KD *ODVWLU$GYDQFHG DQGDJULFXOWXUDOLPSURYHPHQWV7KHVH EHFRPHVDSDUWRIYLDEOHODQG FKDQJHVLQPDQDJHPHQWKDYHWKH management systems and ȏ KD *ODVWLU&RPPRQV ability to impact on the landscape of businesses. the AONB.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Tranquility, Remoteness & Wilderness | 65 • Modern agricultural practices Protection: and equipment leads to larger ȏ KDRI$21%GHVLJQDWHGDV ȴHOGVZLWKIHZHULQWHUQDO SAC (20.62% of AONB land area) boundaries and wider gateways, ȏ KDRI$21%GHVLJQDWHGDV which can degrade the local SSSI (23.36% of AONB land area) landscape character. ȏ KDRI$21%GHVLJQDWHGDV ȏ *HRPHWULFDOIRUHVWU\SODQWLQJ 63$ RI$21%ODQGDUHD DQGKDUYHVWLQJDQGKHDWKHU cutting patterns can add • 21.33 ha of AONB designated as LNR LQWUXVLYHOLQHVLQWRWKH RI$21%ODQGDUHD landscape. ȏ KDRI$21%GHVLJQDWHGDV ȏ /DFNRIEXHUVWULSVDORQJ :LOGOLIH6LWHV RI$21%ODQG and Wilderness watercourses. area)
• Adaption and mitigation • 9,428 ha (24.2% of AONB area) is Climate Change measures may impact upon the heather moorland. 7KH$21%KDVHYROYHGRYHUWLPHVKDSHGE\ AONB and its setting. ȏ 7RWDODUHDRI$21%FRYHUHGE\ Tranquility, Remoteness Remoteness Tranquility, JHRORJLFDOIRUFHVFOLPDWHDQGKXPDQDFWLYLW\ • Reduction in air and water ZRRGODQGKD RI DQGWKLVHYROXWLRQLVRQJRLQJ&OLPDWHFKDQJH quality impacting on the AONB area). LVH[SHFWHGWRKDYHDPDMRULQȵXHQFHLQWKH health of the population and coming decades, and we need to manage this ecosystem. process, taking action to adapt to the impacts • Seasonal reduction / increase in and make the best of the opportunities. ZDWHUȵRZ ȏ 3UHVVXUHIRULQDSSURSULDWHȵRRG $OWKRXJKWKHJOREDOFOLPDWHKDVEHHQUHODWLYHO\ defences with dredging and stable for thousands of years, recent extreme GHYHORSPHQWGHJUDGLQJWKH ZHDWKHUHYHQWVDQGORQJHUWHUPVWUHQGV local landscape character. suggest it is now changing due to human DFWLYLW\&OLPDWHFKDQJHLVH[SHFWHGWRFRQWLQXH • Long dry spells of weather causing hotter, drier summers, warmer wetter FRXOGOHDGWRLQFUHDVHGȴUHULVN ZLQWHUVPRUHH[WUHPHZHDWKHUDQGVHDOHYHO particularly on heathlands. rise in Wales and the rest of Britain.
*OREDOFOLPDWHFKDQJHLVSURMHFWHGWRFRQWLQXH causing hotter drier summers, warmer, wetter winters, more extreme weather, droughts, heat ZDYHVKHDYLHUUDLQIDOODQGDFFHOHUDWLQJVHD OHYHOULVHLQ:DOHVDQGWKHUHVWRI%ULWDLQRYHU coming decades.
66 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Tranquility, Remoteness & Wilderness ȏ &RPPXQLW\LQYROYHPHQWDQG • Percentage of population speaking, Bro/Welsh Language SDUWLFLSDWLRQLQORFDOHYHQWVDQG reading and writing Welsh in the AONB ‘Bro’ is a Welsh word which describes a sense of traditions. (2011): belonging and community cohesion within an • Inward and outward migration 1RUWKȂ DUHDΖWLVDQLQWDQJLEOHFRQFHSWZKLFKLVGLɝFXOW is changing the makeup of :HVWȂ WRGHȴQHEXWLVQRQHWKHOHVVDYDOLGFRPSRQHQW communities East – 24.2% of sustainable Welsh communities. The Welsh language is part of the traditional character and • Need to raise community South – 29.1% cultural make-up of the AONB. The use of Welsh awareness of the AONB and the ȏ 1RRIDFWLYHFRPPXQLW\JURXSVȂ LVJUHDWHUWKDQWKH:DOHVDYHUDJH DQG EHQHȴWVLWEULQJVHVSHFLDOO\LQ Unknown the south. UHPDLQVDVLJQLȴFDQWIHDWXUHRIWKHDUHD7KH • No. of community shows – 6 greatest proportion of Welsh language users • Need to raise local business • No. of community publications – OLYHLQWKHZHVWHUQDQGVRXWKZHVWHUQSDUWVRI awareness of the AONB and the Unknown the AONB. EHQHȴWVLWEULQJV ȏ &\OFK0HLWKU\Q7\D)LFOXEVȂ • Sustaining the Welsh language • Welsh medium primary schools in the Picturesque and • Lack / loss of facilities to AONB – 2 romantic movement celebrate cultural associations. • Visitor pressure degrading
Cultural Heritage and Bro Heritage Cultural 7KHVWRU\RIWKHSLFWXUHVTXHPRYHPHQWLQ landscape character at key the AONB goes back to the late 18th century, locations. particularly in the Dee Valley around Llangollen, ȏ /RVVRIVLJQLȴFDQWYLHZV painted by Turner and Wilson amongst others. depicted in art or prose due to Richard Wilson also has close links to the YHJHWDWLRQHQFURDFKPHQWRU Loggerheads area. The ladies of Llangollen LQVHQVLWLYHGHYHORSPHQW established the Dee Valley as a centre for picturesque appreciation from their home at Plas Newydd. Poets and authors such as :RUGVZRUWK*HUDOG0DQOH\+RSNLQVDQG 0HQGHOVVRKQKDYHDOVRWDNHQLQVSLUDWLRQIURP the AONBs landscape. Eisteddfodau Building on these artistic traditions, Llangollen is known throughout the world for the International Eisteddfod, held annually in the WRZQVLQFH &RUZHQZDVWKHORFDWLRQRIWKH ȴUVWSXEOLF1DWLRQDO(LVWHGGIRGLQ
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Tranquility, Remoteness & Wilderness | 67
Natural Environment
Resource Description Issues State / Special Feature
• There is a need for natural systems and Catchment Plans: Natural QHWZRUNVWKDWDUHȴWIRUSXUSRVHZLWKPRUH • Dee Catchment DQGEHWWHUSODFHVIRUQDWXUHIRUWKHEHQHȴWRI • Clwyd Catchment Benefits and wildlife and people. ȏ 7KHUHLVDQHHGWRLGHQWLI\DOOWKHEHQHȴWVDQG Services VHUYLFHVGHOLYHUHGE\WKHQDWXUDOV\VWHP The landscape of the ȏ /DFNRIGDWDDQGNQRZOHGJHPDNHVLWGLɝFXOW AONB is important for the WRPDQDJHZLWKLQHQYLURQPHQWDOOLPLWV UHVRXUFHVLWRHUVZKLFK ȏ 7KHUHLVQREDVHOLQHIRUDVVLJQLQJDYDOXHWR EHQHȴWHYHU\RQHVXFKDV WKHVHUYLFHVDQGEHQHȴWVUHFHLYHGIURPWKH water, food and locations natural system. for quiet enjoyment.
7KHVHEHQHȴWVNQRZQ FROOHFWLYHO\DV(FRV\VWHP
Natural Environment Natural 6HUYLFHVLQGLFDWHWKDWWKH landscape of the AONB not RQO\SURYLGHVDULFKYDULHW\ of habitats and species, but DOVRFRQWULEXWHVSRVLWLYHO\ towards the production of food, the control of climate DQGUHFUHDWLRQDOSURYLVLRQ
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Natural Environment | 69 • Resilience and condition of Habitat Resilience the natural system is not fully Habitat resilience is a habitats ability to respond understood. to natural or manmade disturbance through ȏ $WWHQWLRQJLYHQWRSULRULW\ IDVWUHFRYHU\RUE\UHVLVWLQJGDPDJH habitats at the expense of other locally important sites, such as URDGYHUJHVDQGRWKHUFRUULGRUV • There is a need for the H[SDQVLRQRIDQGFRQQHFWLYLW\ between wildlife rich habitats.
• Need to bring sites into Extent: Designations / SAC IDYRXUDEOHFRQVHUYDWLRQVWDWXV ȏ 7KHUHDUH666ΖȇVLQWKH$21%FRYHULQJ 6SHFLDO$UHDVRI&RQVHUYDWLRQ 6$& DQG6SHFLDO • Visitor pressure in key KD RIWRWDO$21%DUHD
Natural Environment Natural Protection Areas (SPA) are legal protections for FRQVHUYDWLRQDUHDV ȏ 7KHUHDUH6$&ȇVFRYHULQJKD sites of European importance for habitats and • Designations do not address all (20.62% of AONB) ELUGVWRSURWHFWDJDLQVWGDPDJLQJDFWLYLWLHV FRQVHUYDWLRQLQWHUHVWV ȏ 7KHUHLV63$FRYHULQJKD RI These designations form part of a larger AONB) European network called Natura 2000. ȏ 7KHUHDUH:LOGOLIH6LWHVFRYHULQJ KD $21% Sites of national importance are designated and ȏ 7KHUHLV/15FRYHULQJKD JLYHQSURWHFWLRQDV6LWHVRI6SHFLDO6FLHQWLȴF AONB) Interest (SSSI) ȏ 7KHUHDUH5Ζ*6VLWHVFRYHULQJKD $21% Land designated as a County Wildlife sites are RIWHQWKHȴQHVWORFDOH[DPSOHVRIKDELWDWVDQG DUHJLYHQPDWHULDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQLQWKHSODQQLQJ Condition: process. NRW continue to monitor the condition of SSSIs, SACs and SPAs. All geological SSSIs are 7KHVHDQGRWKHUGHVLJQDWLRQVSURYLGHDOHYHO LQIDYRXUDEOHFRQGLWLRQ of protection for important sites against SRWHQWLDOO\GDPDJLQJDFWLYLW\
70 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Natural Environment Calcareous grasslands typically occur ȏ 8QGHUJUD]LQJHQFRXUDJLQJ Extent: RQVKDOORZEDVHULFKVRLOVGHULYHGIURP scrub encroachment. ȏ /LPHVWRQH3DYHPHQW KD RI the underlying limestone rocks. They are ȏ 2YHUJUD]LQJUHVXOWLQJLQORVVRI /LPHVWRQH3DYHPHQWLQ:DOHVȂ:DOHVWRWDO characterised by a short speciesrich turf VSHFLHVGLYHUVLW\ ha) FRQWDLQLQJDYDULHW\RIJUDVVHVDQGKHUEV • Scree: 22.89 ha In the AONB calcareous grassland primarily • Enrichment of soils from Indicators: occurs in the north from Prestatyn to Cwm, fertilisers, herbicide centrally along the Alyn Valley, including application, ploughing and • There are 12 SSSIs in the AONB containing WKHVHFRQGODUJHVWOLPHVWRQHSDYHPHQWLQ re-seeding from agricultural *HRORJLFDOIHDWXUHV Wales at Bryn Alyn, and in the south around purposes. ȏ 7KHUHDUH5Ζ*6VLWHVLQWKH$21%FRYHULQJ the Eglwyseg rocks where large areas of KD RIWKH$21% ȏ $FLGLȴFDWLRQDQGQLWURJHQ scree are also located. ȏ KD ZLWKLQ6$&666ΖRU:LOGOLIH enrichment caused by Site. atmospheric deposition. /LPHVWRQHSDYHPHQWLVDQDUHDRI • 230.3 ha (64.4%) international and national limestone which lies wholly or partly • Recreational pressure designation with commitments to maintain / exposed on the surface of the ground and EULQJLQJDERXWȵRULVWLF UHVWRUHIDYRXUDEOHFRQGLWLRQ 6$&DQG666Ζ KDVEHHQȴVVXUHGE\QDWXUDOHURVLRQ7KH\ changes associated with soil Limestone Cave systems indicators: can be wooded or open and both types compaction. ȏ 1R&DYHVLQWKH$21%XQNQRZQ exist within the AONB. • Recreational pressure on ȏ FDYHV\VWHPVSURWHFWHGDV666Ζ $O\Q*RUJH Limestone geological SSSI &DYHV $O\Q9DOOH\:RRGV $O\Q*RUJH&DYHV There are a number of geologically features such as Eglwyseg 666Ζ &DH*Z\Q )I\QQRQ%HXQR&DYHV DQGDUFKDHRORJLFDOO\LPSRUWDQWFDYHV scree slopes and Panorama 7UHPHLUFKLRQ&DYHV ERWK)I\QQRQ%HXQR &DH associated with the Limestone areas 'ULYHOLPHVWRQHJUDVVODQG *Z\Q&DYHV666Ζ DQG0LQHUD&DYHV 5XDERQ RIWKH$21%&DYHVVWXGLHGKDYHEHHQ Llantysilio Mountains & Minera SSSI). found to be important archaeologically for ȏ ΖQYDVLRQE\QRQDWLYHSODQW Limestone Habitats Favourable KXPDQDQGDQLPDODFWLYLW\&DYHV\VWHPV species. at Tremerchion, Llanarmon-yn-Iâl and Management: • Limited knowledge of Loggerheads are among the more well ȏ KD UHVRXUFH DUHZLWKLQ'&& underground systems. NQRZQΖQWKHUHLVFXUUHQWO\D&DGZ &RXQWU\VLGH6HUYLFHRZQHGPDQDJHGVLWHV IXQGHGSURMHFWUXQQLQJWRGLVFRYHUPRUH ȏ 5HPRYDORI/LPHVWRQHURFNVIRU ȏ KD UHVRXUFH DUHZLWKLQ1::7
Limestone Grassland, cliffsand screes Limestone Grassland, DERXW/LPHVWRQHFDYHVLQQRUWKHDVW:DOHV rockeries. managed sites. Condition: • Quarrying. Scree slopes on the Eglwyseg rocks are an • NRW continue to monitor the condition of SSSIs important geological feature, across which and SACs. WKH2DȇV'\NH1DWLRQDO7UDLOSDVVHV ȏ $OOJHRORJLFDO666ΖVDUHLQDIDYRXUDEOHFRQGLWLRQ )URPWRWKHUHLVWREHVLJQLȴFDQW LQYHVWPHQWLQWR/LPHVWRQHIHDWXUHVLQWKH$21% through the Limestone Legacy project which has UHFHLYHG15:FRPSHWLWLYHELGIXQGLQJ
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Natural Environment | 71 Dominated by heather, ȏ &RQYHUVLRQWRJUDVVODQG Ideal state: bilberry and western gorse through ploughing, 8SODQGKHDWKLQȆIDYRXUDEOHFRQGLWLRQȇLVW\SLFDOO\GRPLQDWHGE\D ZLWKLGHDOO\DGLYHUVHUDQJH reseeding, liming and range of dwarf shrubs such as heather, bilberry, crowberry, bell of age communities. It has fertilisation for agricultural KHDWKHUDQGZHVWHUQJRUVH7KH\DUHJHQHUDOO\VWUXFWXUDOO\GLYHUVH a distinct range of bird life purposes. FRQWDLQLQJVWDQGVRIYHJHWDWLRQZLWKKHDWKHUDWGLHUHQWVWDJHVRI associated with it, including ȏ 7KHGLYLVLRQRIFRPPRQ grouse, stonechat and growth, including areas of mature heather. This habitat supports an through internal fences whinchat. LPSRUWDQWDVVHPEODJHRIELUGVDGLYHUVHLQYHUWHEUDWHIDXQDDQGLQ and subsequent loss of VRPHFDVHVDVVHPEODJHVRIUDUHDQGORFDOPRVVHVDQGOLYHUZRUWV KHIWHGȵRFNV The uplands of the North Extent: Berwyn, Llantysilio, Ruabon ȏ 8QGHUJUD]LQJ • 9,428 ha (24.2% of AONB area) (includes degraded areas / and Llandegla mountains in abandonment. potential for restoration / expansion). the south of the AONB are ȏ /RFDOLVHGRYHUJUD]LQJ Indicators: predominantly heathland. caused by lack of Heather moorland is also ȏ KD KDVVRPHIRUPRIGHVLJQDWLRQFRQIHUULQJD heathland management found in large blocks along OHYHORISURWHFWLRQ and structure. the ridge of the Clwydian ȏ KD LVSURWHFWHGDV666ΖRU6$& Range between Llandegla and • Poorly managed burning / Favourable management: Bodfari. ZLOGȴUHV ȏ KD UHVRXUFH DUHZLWKLQ'&&&RXQWU\VLGH6HUYLFH owned / managed sites. • Inappropriate methods of supplementary feeding. Condition: • The majority of the heathland areas in the AONB are currently ȏ %UDFNHQLQYDVLRQ being managed through cutting and burning of heather, and ȏ +HDY\UHFUHDWLRQ cutting and bruising of bracken. pressure causing erosion, • Bracken extent unknown. Between 2008 and 2012, in the SDUWLFXODUO\LOOHJDORURDG Heather and Hillforts project area, 1,029 ha of bracken were YHKLFOHXVHLQWKHVRXWKRI VSUD\HGDQGKDFXWEUXLVHG%UDFNHQGRPLQDWHG the AONB. KHDWKODQGUHGXFHGIURPKDWRKD • Lack of appropriate • Between 2008 and 2012, in the Clwydian Range and Llantysilio rotational heather mountains, mature / degenerate heather reduced from 384 ha to Heather moorlands and Rolling Ridges Heather moorlands management. KD The Heather and Hillforts project Landscape Partnership Scheme ran ȏ $RUHVWDWLRQ from 2008 to 2012, focusing on the Clwydian Range and Llantysilio • Nitrogen enrichment PRXQWDLQVKHDWKODQGDUHDV6LJQLȴFDQWZRUNZDVXQGHUWDNHQWR caused by atmospheric reduce the extent of bracken through aerial spraying, as well as work deposition. ZLWKODQGRZQHUVDQGJUD]LHUVWRLPSURYHWKHFRQGLWLRQRIKHDWKODQG +HDWKHUFRQGLWLRQVXUYH\VZHUHFDUULHGRXWLQDQG VKRZLQJDQLPSURYHPHQWLQWKHDJHVWUXFWXUHRIKHDWKHUDVZHOODVD UHGXFWLRQLQWKHH[WHQWRIEUDFNHQFRYHU
72 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Natural Environment Many of these woodlands represent a ȏ *UD]LQJSUHYHQWLQJQDWXUDO Ideal state: link with the landscape as it appeared regeneration. $ZRRGODQGLQȆIDYRXUDEOHFRQGLWLRQȇKDVDYDULHG following the last ice age and support • Loss due to localised quarrying. structure with at least three age classes spread across DGLYHUVHUDQJHRIȵRUDDQGIDXQD$VK ȏ /DFNRIVSHFLȴFZRRGODQG WKHDYHUDJHOLIHH[SHFWDQF\RIWKHFRPPRQHVWWUHHV woodlands are particularly important management and cessation of areas of open space – both temporary and permanent in the Alyn Valley where it has been traditional management. designated SAC. In other parts of the UHODWLYHO\XQGLVWXUEHGPDWXUHROGJURZWKVWDQGV $21%RDNZRRGVDUHVLJQLȴFDQW • Fragmentation of ownership. understory and some build-up of fallen and standing ȏ ΖQYDVLRQE\QDWXUDOLVHGVSHFLHV dead wood. It should be comprised predominantly of Veteran trees are trees which, because leading to a change in structure QDWLYHVSHFLHVDQGWKHUHVKRXOGQRWEHVLJQVRIUDSLG RIWKHLUVL]HDQGDJHDUHFRQVLGHUHG and composition (sycamore and ORVVRIQDWLYHWUHHVDQGVKUXEV7KHUHVKRXOGDOVREH of exceptional cultural, landscape and beech). signs of seedlings growing through to saplings to young QDWXUHFRQVHUYDWLRQYDOXH9HWHUDQ • Loss of species such as red WUHHVDWVXɝFLHQWGHQVLW\WRPDLQWDLQFDQRS\GHQVLW\ trees are often associated with squirrel. Extent: parkland, and are usually found in ȏ 'HYHORSPHQWSUHVVXUHV more lowland areas. There are few in ȏ %URDGOHDYHG LQFOXGLQJPL[HG ZRRGODQG the north of the AONB and are found ȏ (HFWVRIDLUSROOXWLRQ KD RI$21%DUHD RIZKLFK KD in greater number in the south. Some ȏ $FLGLȴFDWLRQRIEDVHULFKVRLOV of AONB) is Semi Natural Ancient Woodland or ȴQHH[DPSOHVFDQEHIRXQGRQWKH WKURXJKWKHVFDYHQJLQJHHFWRI Replanted Ancient Woodland. Eglwyseg (Yew / Field Maple), at the commercial conifers. Indicators: +RUVHVKRH)DOOVDW7UHYRU&KXUFKDQG • Many semi-natural woodlands • 199.9 ha (11.04%) are within international and Chirk Castle. KDYHGHFOLQHGDVDUHVXOWRI national designation (SAC and SSSI).
Woodland and Veteran Trees Veteran and Woodland replanting with exotic conifers. Favourable management: ȏ KD UHVRXUFH DUHZLWKLQ&RXQWU\3DUNV Pests and diseases DQG'&&&RXQWU\VLGH6HUYLFHPDQDJHGVLWHV • Present / future tree diseases ȏ KD UHVRXUFH DUHZLWKLQ1::7 FRXOGKDYHDVLJQLȴFDQWLPSDFWRQ managed sites. the local landscape character. Condition: • Phytopthora Ramorum – Bilberry and Larch (is listed as an EU Woodland SSSIs controlled organism). • NRW continue to monitor the condition of all SSSIs and SACs. • Chalara fraxinea – Ash dieback. • Phytophthora Alni – alder. • Canopies opened by disease may be subject to higher rates RIZLQGWKURZDQGLQYDVLRQE\ XQUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVSHFLHVEHFRPHV more likely.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Natural Environment | 73 5LYHUYDOOH\VDUHQRWRQO\ • Water pollution from Ideal state: important for the watercourse VHZDJHDFLGLȴFDWLRQXUEDQ 7KHPRUSKRORJ\RIULYHUVDQGVWUHDPVDQGWKHLUDVVRFLDWHGSODQW itself but also the bank and drainage, agricultural DQGDQLPDODVVHPEODJHVYDU\DFFRUGLQJWRWKHLUJHRJUDSKLFDO associated land or riparian UXQRDQGPLQHDQG DUHDXQGHUO\LQJJHRORJ\DQGZDWHUFKHPLVWU\+RZHYHUDOOULYHUV ]RQH7KH\DUHG\QDPLF industrial damage. in their natural state are dynamic systems, continually modifying V\VWHPVDQGSURYLGHDZLGH • Loss of bank-side range of ecological niches WKHLUIRUP$KHDOWK\ULYHUZLOOKDYHJRRGZDWHUTXDOLW\IUHHIURP YHJHWDWLRQWKURXJK VXSSRUWLQJDGLYHUVHȵRUD RXWVLGHSROOXWLRQDQGPDUJLQDODQGEDQNVLGHYHJHWDWLRQWKDW RYHUJUD]LQJDQGSRDFKLQJ and fauna. They also form VXSSRUWVDQDUUD\RIZLOGȵRZHUVDQGDQLPDOVDQGSURYLGHVFRUULGRU This can also lead to important wildlife corridors, OLQNVEHWZHHQIUDJPHQWHGKDELWDWV5LYHUVZKLFKGLVSOD\DPRVDLF
River Valleys River HURVLRQRIULYHUPDUJLQV enabling dispersion and DQGVLOWDWLRQRIWKHULYHU RIIHDWXUHVVXFKDVULɞHVDQGSRROVDQGH[SRVHGVHGLPHQWVFDQ migration of species. channel with losses of VXSSRUWDGLYHUVHUDQJHRISODQWDQGDQLPDOVSHFLHV ȴVKVSDZQLQJJUDYHOVDQG Extent: 7KHUHDUHWKUHHVLJQLȴFDQW KDELWDWGLYHUVLW\ ȏ NP NP5LYHU'HH NP5LYHU$O\QDQG NP ULYHUYDOOH\VLQWKH$21% 5LYHU:KHHOHU 7KH5LYHU'HHIURP&RUZHQ ȏ 0RGLȴFDWLRQRIWKHVKDSH WR1HZEULGJHWKH5LYHU$O\Q and course. Indicators: from Cilcain to Llanferres ȏ 7KH5LYHU'HHLVGHVLJQDWHGDW6$&DQG666Ζ • Potential loss of indicator DQGWKH5LYHU:KHHOHUIURP ȏ NP RI5LYHU$O\QDUHZLWKLQ6$& species such as otters, Bodfari to Melin-y-Wern. ZDWHUYROHVDQGIUHVK ȏ NP RI5LYHU:KHHOHUSDVVHVWKURXJKZLOGOLIHVLWHV water pearl mussel. Favourable management: ȏ NP RIWKH5LYHU$O\QIDOOVZLWKLQ/RJJHUKHDGV ȏ ΖQYDVLYHQRQQDWLYHVSHFLHV Country Park. such as Himalayan balsam, Chinese mitten crabs and ȏ NP RIWKH5LYHU'HHIDOOVZLWKLQ7Ĺ0DZU&RXQWU\ PLQNFRPSHWLQJZLWKQDWLYH Park, and Denbighshire Countryside Sites. species. Condition: ȏ 2WWHUVDUHNQRZQWREHSUHVHQWRQDOOWKUHHULYHUV:DWHUYROHV • Recreational impacts KDYHEHHQUHFRUGHGRQWKH/ODQJROOHQ&DQDODQGDWHLWKHUHQGRI such as walking, angling, WKH:KHHOHUYDOOH\ZLWKH[WHQVLYHȴHOGGLWFKHVJLYLQJSRSXODWLRQ boating and canoeing can SRWHQWLDOWRH[SDQG7KHUHLVRQO\RQHSRFNHWRIZDWHUYROH cause disturbance to both UHFRUGVLQWKH$O\QYDOOH\WKRXJKIXUWKHUVXUYH\VPD\UHYHDO the habitat and resident more. species.
74 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Natural Environment • Inappropriate land ȏ ΖQYDVLYHVSHFLHVDUHNQRZQWREHSUHVHQWRQDOOWKUHHULYHU GUDLQDJHDQGȵRRGGHIHQFH systems, both mink and Himalayan balsam in particular, although works. -DSDQHVH.QRWZHHGLVPRUHZLGHVSUHDGRQWKH5LYHU'HH7KH 5LYHU'HHDOVRKDVSRSXODWLRQVRI6LJQDO&UD\ȴVK ȏ &OLPDWHFKDQJHPD\DHFW the habitat and species ȏ $OOWKUHHULYHUVKDYHZHWZRRGODQGDQGPHDGRZKDELWDWV WKURXJKȵRRGLQJDQG VXSSRUWHGE\EDFNFKDQQHOVLQPDQ\SODFHVSURYLGLQJJRRGEDQN temperature change. VLGHFRYHUDQGFRUULGRUVIRUZLOGOLIH • A number of rights of way cross and run parallel to all three • Abstraction and discharge ULYHUVLQSDUWLFXODUWKH$O\QLQGLFDWLQJUHFUHDWLRQSUHVVXUHLV of water for hydro-power SUHVHQW5HFUHDWLRQSUHVVXUHRQWKH5LYHU'HHLVVLJQLȴFDQW LWLV River Valleys River generation. SRSXODUIRUȴVKLQJFDQRHLQJDQGUDIWLQJ$QXPEHURIEXVLQHVVHV • Meeting the requirements XVHDQGDUHGHSHQGHQWRQDFFHVVWRWKHULYHU of the Water Framework 'LUHFWLYHDQG&DWFKPHQW Management Plans.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Natural Environment | 75
The Historic Environment
Resource Description Issues State / Special Feature
• Deterioration and lack of Protection: Historic Settlement funding for the upkeep of • Scheduled Ancient Monuments structures and monuments. are nationally important and Archaeology • Erosion of sites following archaeological sites or historic EXLOGLQJVDRUGHGSURWHFWLRQ There are a number of historic settlements DUFKDHRORJLFDOH[FDYDWLRQV against unauthorised change. within the AONB. Llangollen is the largest • Lack of awareness of ancient with a population of around 3,000. The town monuments and sites. ȏ 7KHUHDUH 6FKHGXOHG$QFLHQW Monuments in the AONB, the was granted its charter in 1284 and straddles • Lack of facilities for study SURWHFWLRQRIZKLFKDUHRYHUVHHQ WKH'HHYLDDQDUFKHGEULGJHEXLOWLQDERXW groups. 7KHKLVWRULFFRUHRIWKHWRZQOLHVRQWKH by Cadw. Many of these sites • Inappropriate land southern side, focusing on the church and the SURYLGHHYLGHQFHRISDVWPLQLQJ management. ULYHUFURVVLQJ/DWHUGHYHORSPHQWRFFXUUHG quarrying and settlements. largely as a result of the woollen industry. Since • Lack of archaeological data. • Scheduled Ancient Monuments early times, the town has been an important • Damage from metal detection. FRYHUKD RIWKH AONB). VWRSSLQJSODFHHVSHFLDOO\IRUSHRSOHWUDYHOOLQJ ȏ 25RDG0RWRUF\FOHDQG[ from London to Ireland. Until the early 1800s, damage, particularly on the ȏ 7KHUHDUH&RQVHUYDWLRQ$UHDV URDGVZHUHQRWRULRXVO\KD]DUGRXVEXW7HOIRUGȇV Llantysilio and North Berwyn LQWKH$21%FRYHULQJKD QHZURDGWR+RO\KHDG QRZWKH$ KDGD mountains. (0.23% of the AONB). SURIRXQGHHFWRQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIHDUO\ ȏ 7KHUHDUH/LVWHG%XLOGLQJLQ ȏ +LVWRULF3DUNVDQG*DUGHQVDUH 19th century Llangollen and North Wales in
The Historic Environment the AONB. SULYDWHO\RZQHG GHSHQGDQWRQ general, allowing the London mail coaches to landowners to maintain and • Valle Crucis Abbey, Eliseg’s WUDYHOIDVWHUDQGPRUHVDIHO\ enhance. Pillar and Llangar church are guardianship sites and managed • Not all open to the public. by Cadw.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | The Historic Environment | 77 The Cistercian Abbey of Valle • Not statutorily protected; Ideal state: &UXFLVOLHVQHDUWKHFRQȵXHQFH need to engage with and ȏ 6LWHVDUHPDLQWDLQHGLQDIDYRXUDEOHFRQGLWLRQ&DGZDUH of the Eglwyseg and the Dee support landowners. FXUUHQWO\UHDSSUDLVLQJWKHLUPRQXPHQWFRQGLWLRQVXUYH\V ULYHUVQRUWKRI/ODQJROOHQ7KH • No arrangements for DQGDUHGHYHORSLQJD0RQXPHQWVDW5LVNPHWKRGRORJ\DV fragmentary 9th century cross, monitoring the condition \HWLQIRUPDWLRQLVQRWDYDLODEOHIRUWKH$21%EXWWKLVZLOOEH the Pillar of Eliseg, is set on a of Historic parks and H[WUHPHO\YDOXDEOHLQIRUPDWLRQLQWKHIXWXUH small circular mound which is a gardens. State: %URQ]H$JH%DUURZMXVWWRWKH ȏ 6LWHVDUHYLVLWHGE\&DGZHYHU\RU\HDUV north of the Abbey. • No Management / Enhancement Plans. ȏ 6$0FRQGLWLRQGDWDLVQRWFRQVLVWHQWO\DYDLODEOH\HWEXW&DGZ Historic parks and gardens form are working towards this. an important and integral part ȏ 2IWKH/LVWHG%XLOGLQJVLQWKH$21%DUHFRQVLGHUHGWREH of the historic and cultural fabric ‘at risk’. of an area. They are listed in the Understanding: Cadw / ICOMOS Register of Parks • Recent archaeological work on Eliseg’s Pillar has been DQG*DUGHQVRI6SHFLDO+LVWRULF XQGHUWDNHQE\%DQJRUDQG&KHVWHU8QLYHUVLWLHVWKLVKDV Interest in Wales. The registered LGHQWLȴHGWKDWWKHSLOODUVLWVRQDSUHH[LVWLQJ%URQ]H$JHEXULDO VLWHVDUH3HQEHGZ*ROGHQ*URYH mound. St Beuno’s, Colomendy, Valle ȏ ([FDYDWLRQVKDYHDOVRWDNHQSODFHDW3HQ\FORGGLDXE\/LYHUSRRO Crucis, Bryntysilio, Llantysilio 8QLYHUVLW\0RHO\*DHU%RGIDULE\2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\DQGDW)URQ The Historic Environment +DOO9LYRG3ODV1HZ\GG7UHIRU 1HZ\GGQHDU&DHU'UHZ\QE\%DQJRU8QLYHUVLW\ Hall, Chirk Castle and Argoed Extent: Hall. Although not protected in the same way as Listed Buildings ȏ 7KHUHDUH+LVWRULF3DUNVZLWKLQWKH$21%FRYHULQJKD they are graded in a similar way. RIWKH$21% 7KHHVVHQWLDOVHWWLQJVRI+LVWRULF3DUNV It is anticipated that legislation DUHZLWKLQWKH$21%FRYHULQJDWRWDORIKD RIWKH in the new Heritage Bill to be AONB). DQQRXQFHGVKRUWO\ZLOOJLYHPRUH ȏ PRUH+LVWRULF3DUNVDQG*DUGHQVDUHGLUHFWO\DGMDFHQWWRWKH weight to this designation AONB.
78 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | The Historic Environment ȏ 3UHYHQWLRQIURPGHFD\DQGQHHGIRU Protection: Industrial Features and on-going maintenance. • The World Heritage Site is World Heritage Site • Inappropriate methods or materials DRUGHGSURWHFWLRQDVVXFK for repairs through lack of • Much of the World Heritage :KHQ7KRPDV7HOIRUGȴQLVKHG3RQWF\V\OOWH$TXHGXFWLQ understanding, skills or materials, or site is owned by the Canal and LWZDVWKHWDOOHVWFDQDOERDWFURVVLQJLQWKHZRUOG changing modern standards. 5LYHUV7UXVW 2Q-XQH 81(6&2PDGHWKLVPDVWHUSLHFHRIFLYLO Extent: • Vegetation growth in the World engineering a World Heritage Site, along with 11 miles of +HULWDJH6LWHDQGWKH%XHU=RQH ȏ 7KH:RUOG+HULWDJHVLWHFRYHUV canal including Chirk Aqueduct and the Horseshoe Falls DHFWLQJYLHZVLQDQGRXW 62.62 ha within the AONB at Llantysilio, near Llangollen. Pontcysyllte represents (0.16% of the AONB). DȆPDVWHUSLHFHRIKXPDQFUHDWLYHJHQLXVȇDQGLVDQ ȏ 0DLQWHQDQFHRIHHFWLYHSURWHFWLRQ ȏ 7KH:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWH%XHU outstanding example of a construction that ‘illustrated a RIWKH6LWHDQG%XHU=RQHWKURXJK =RQHFRYHUV KDZLWKLQ VLJQLȴFDQWVWDJHLQKXPDQKLVWRU\ȇ designations and planning policies. the AONB (8.04% of the AONB). ȏ 0DQDJHPHQWRIYLVLWRUSUHVVXUH Status: Construction work on the Llangollen Branch of the 6KURSVKLUH8QLRQ&DQDOEHJDQLQ DQGZDV ȏ 1HHGWRGHYHORSWKHSUHVHQWDWLRQRI • Not currently on UNESCOs list FRPSOHWHGLQ7KHFDQDOJDYHDFFHVVWRWKH5XDERQ WKH2XWVWDQGLQJ8QLYHUVDO9DOXHȂ of World Heritage in Danger. 46 collieries and stimulated the growth of the limekilns and how to get the story across. sites listed in 2014. pottery works at Froncysyllte and Tref-y-nant. Industrial Archaeology ȏ 6LWHVXUYH\VQRWIROORZHGXS Protection: The Historic Environment World Heritage Status means that the Pontcysyllte • Sites being lost to land use change. • Some of the key industrial sites Aqueduct and Canal has been inscribed on the World are protected as scheduled. • Some industrial remains are in poor +HULWDJH/LVWRHULQJLWLQFUHDVHGDZDUHQHVV7KLV The canal and many associated condition. DZDUHQHVVOHDGVWRDQLQFUHDVHLQWKHOHYHORISURWHFWLRQ monuments are scheduled. DQGFRQVHUYDWLRQJLYHQWRLQVFULEHGVLWHVΖWLVRQHRI • Much of the industrial heritage of The Nant y Pandy tramway and properties inscribed in the UK. Worldwide there were the Alyn Valley is outside the public VODWHZRUNVDW*O\QG\IU\GZ\ :RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHVLQ estate. are scheduled but in poor condition. Parts of the Minera • Lack of awareness of archaeological The Vale of Llangollen Railway was opened in 1861. lead mines at Meadow shaft heritage, the relationship of quarries, )RUQHDUO\DFHQWXU\WKHUDLOZD\WRRNRYHUPXFKRIWKH DUHD6$0DVLVWKH+RPDQ inclines and associated works which WUDɝFIRUPHUO\FDUULHGE\URDGDQGFDQDO7KH/ODQJROOHQ kiln in the Minera Quarries. WRJHWKHUKDYHFXOWXUDOLQWHJULW\ Railway Society now operates the line between Llangollen and Corwen.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | The Historic Environment | 79 Loggerheads was the focal point for lead mining in the 18th • Some sites unrecorded or with Condition: and 19th century and remnants of this industrial past remain no scheduled protection. ȏ 7KH*O\QG\IU\GZ\VODWH DORQJWKHULYHUDQGLQWKHZRRGV7KHUHZDVH[WHQVLYHOHDG • Some sites recommended for works buildings and parts of mining in the Alyn Valley, Prestatyn Hillside, Bryn Alyn, and scheduling in the Metal Mines the tramway are in a poor areas of Esclusham Mountain, World’s End and Minera. VXUYH\RIWKH VKDYHQRW condition. taken place. • Key features like the Leete 7KHQDPH/RJJHUKHDGVGHULYHVIURPDGLVSXWHRYHUPLQHUDO at Loggerheads Country ULJKWVZKLFKZDVHYHQWXDOO\VHWWOHGLQWKHKLJKFRXUW7KH ȏ 7KHYDVWPDMRULW\RILQGXVWULDO park, Cascade Woods lead boundary stone adjacent to the A494 and boundary stones (and indeed all other periods mining site and others are within the Park mark the position the legal boundary was of site) are undesignated. They unprotected. determined to be. are noted on the HER Historic (QYLURQPHQW5HFRUGZKLFKLV 7KHUHZDVH[WHQVLYHVODWHTXDUU\LQJLQWKHVRXWKRIWKH$21% set to become statutory in the on the Llantysilio and North Berwyn mountains. Only the new Planning Bill. Berwyn quarry on the Horseshoe Pass remains open today.
There are a number of features associated with these mines, such as the Leete at Loggerheads, and tramways from the Moel y Faen quarry to Llangollen canal, and Moel Fferna to *O\QG\IUGZ\WKURXJK1DQW\3DQG\ZKHUHWKHUHDUHH[WHQVLYH The Historic Environment ruins relating to slate working.
• Erosion to the hillforts and Extent: Hillforts and Defensive RWKHUGHIHQVLYHVWUXFWXUHV • 10 Iron Age Hillforts in the through recreation and sheep $21%FRYHULQJKD Structures scrapes. % of total AONB). The chain of Iron Age Hillforts along the ridgeline of the • Damage through • 3 Motte and Bailey castles. &OZ\GLDQ5DQJHDUHLWVPRVWKLJKSURȴOHDQGXQLTXH inappropriate land • Small remnants of a 12th archaeological sites. These 6 hillforts, between Moel Hiraddug management, such as century castle at Dyserth. QHDU'\VHUWKDQG0RHO)HQOOLQHDU/ODQIHUUHVSURYLGHRQHRI quarrying, tree planting and • 2 later 13th Century stone the highest concentrations in Western Europe. RYHUJUD]LQJ castles. • Ploughing / Agricultural Protection: 0RHO\*DHULVRQHRIWKHVXPPLWVRI/ODQW\VLOLR0RXQWDLQ pressure. ȏ ΖURQ$JH+LOOIRUWVDUHRZQHG RQWKHQRUWKVLGHRIWKHULYHU'HHDQGZHVWRIWKH+RUVHVKRH by the Local Authorities. 3DVV7KHUHLVHYLGHQFHIRUKXPDQDFWLYLW\KHUHGDWLQJEDFN • Damage from metal detection. • All Iron Age Hillforts are WRDWOHDVWWKH%URQ]H$JH Ȃ%& ZLWKDODUJH • Increased awareness and designated as Scheduled EXULDOFDLUQRQWKHVXPPLWRI0RHO*DPHOLQ6HYHUDOFHQWXULHV access could lead to increased Ancient Monuments. ODWHUGXULQJWKHΖURQ$JH %&Ȃ$' 0RHO\*DHUZDV erosion issues. chosen as the site for a small hillfort.
80 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | The Historic Environment &DVWHOO'LQDV%U¤QDPHGLHYDOFDVWOHORFDWHGZLWKLQWKH • Dinas Brân Castle, owned by Denbighshire HDUWKZRUNVRIDQHDUOLHUΖURQ$JH+LOOIRUWWRZHUVRYHUWKH County Council, is designated as a SAM, WRZQRI/ODQJROOHQJLYLQJLWDVWURQJVHQVHRISODFHDQG 666ΖDQGLWLVDOVRZLWKLQWKHEXHU]RQHRI historic context. Similarly, Caer Drewyn Iron Age Hillfort, the WHS and within the Historic landscape along with the 6th century church at St Mael and St Sulien and of the Vale of Llangollen DVVRFLDWLRQVZLWK2ZDLQ*O\QGķUJLYHWKHWRZQRI&RUZHQD • Chirk Castle is jointly managed by Cadw VWURQJKLVWRULFDOURRW3HQ\*DHU+LOOIRUWLVORFDWHGQHDU*DUWK and the National Trust. adjacent to Trefor Hall woods. • Tomen y Rhodwydd, Tomen y Faerdre and *O\QGķUȇV0RXQWDUHDOO6$0V Completed in 1310, Chirk is the last Welsh castle from the • Remains of Dyserth Caslte are a SAM. UHLJQRI(GZDUGΖWKDWLVVWLOOOLYHGLQ)HDWXUHVIURPLWV \HDUVLQFOXGHWKHPHGLHYDOWRZHUDQGGXQJHRQWKFHQWXU\ Condition: /RQJ*DOOHU\JUDQGWKFHQWXU\VWDWHDSDUWPHQWVVHUYDQWVȇ • Erosion work was carried out on Moel hall and historic laundry. Fenlli, Moel Arthur, Penycloddiau , Moel y *DHU/ODQEHGU0RHO\*DHU/ODQW\VLOLRDQG Motte and Bailey castle sites are found at Tomen y Rhodwydd Caer Drewyn as part of the Heather and near Llandegla, Tomen y Faerdre near Llanarmon-yn-Iâl and Hillforts scheme. Erosion repair work has *O\QGķUȇV0RXQWQHDU/OLGLDUW\3DUF taken place at Tomen y Rhodwydd and H[WHQVLYHVWDELOLVDWLRQZRUNZDVFDUULHG 7KHVLWHRI*RS&DLUQDW7UHODZQ\GQRWWHFKQLFDOO\DGHIHQVLYH RXWDW2ZDLQ*O\QGZUȇV0RWWH structure but hinting at nearby settlement, is thought to date • Management plans were drawn up for the WRWKH1HROLWKLFSHULRGIURPDERXW%&ΖWLVDYDVWPRXQG six monuments within the Heather and constructed on the top of a hill, perhaps marking burials in a Hillforts project area. QHDUE\FDYH • Prior to work taking place in Heather and +LOOIRWVFRQGLWLRQVXUYH\VZHUHFDUULHGRXW on the 6 hillforts, this work was repeated LQDQGDQLPSURYHPHQWLQFRQGLWLRQ was demonstrated at each of the sites. Continual monitoring will be needed to maintain this. Understanding: The Heather and Hillforts project, from 2008 to 2012, greatly increased our understanding of 6 hillforts in the AONB. A programme of archaeological digs (at Moel y gaer Bodfari, 3HQ\FORGGLDX0RHO\*DHU/ODQEHGU DQGFRPPXQLW\DUFKDHRORJ\HYHQWVKDYH GHYHORSHGDJUHDWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJZLWKLQWKH local community.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | The Historic Environment | 81 7KH&OZ\GLDQ5DQJH$UFKDHRORJ\*URXS &5$* was established during Heather and Hillforts, and QRZUXQVVXFFHVVIXOO\DVDQLQGHSHQGHQWYROXQWDU\ JURXSZKRKDYHPDGHLPSRUWDQWGLVFRYHULHVRQ land adjacent to Moel Arthur Hillfort. Recent archaeological work has also been XQGHUWDNHQRQ0RHO\*DHU%RGIDULE\2[IRUG 8QLYHUVLW\DQG3HQ\FORGGLDXE\/LYHUSRRO8QLYHUVLW\ %DQJRU8QLYHUVLW\KDYHEHHQH[FDYDWLQJDW)URQ Newydd adjacent to Caer Drewyn as well as at the small defended settlement of Moel Fodig, just outside the AONB.
• These features tend to Extent: Small Historic Features ‘disappear’ and part of • 23 K6 Red Phone Boxes. this is because there is These are features that are unique to the AONB. They ȏ 7ULJ3RLQWV QRWDFRPSUHKHQVLYH DUHXQOLNHO\WREHOLVWHGDQGFRQVHUYHGEXWWKH\DUH • Total number of features unknown. list held anywhere. The Historic Environment part of the fabric of the landscape. Examples: Red They also disappear ȏ ORVVRIIHDWXUHVLGHQWLȴHGXQNQRZQ telephone boxes, water troughs, milestones, stone through being The new Heritage Bill is likely to contain a section stiles and gate posts, old wells, old road signs, named modernised or through on proposals to produce robust ‘local lists’ of these rocks, milk stands and World War I and II relics. URDGLPSURYHPHQW types of features. schemes.
• Loss of hedges and Extent: Boundaries walls due to agricultural • Length of traditional boundaries in the AONB LPSURYHPHQW 7KHPDLQW\SHVDUHQDWLYHKHGJHURZVRQVORSHVDQG unknown. dry stone walls in the limestone and upland shale • Loss due to lack of ȏ NPRIKHGJHURZKDYHEHHQUHVWRUHGWKURXJK areas. The other types are hedgerows on a stone maintenance. the AONB countryside grant scheme between retaining wall (Clawdd Wall). These linear features are DQG YDOXDEOHZLOGOLIHKDELWDWVZKLFKDFWSDUWLFXODUO\ZHOO • Loss of skill to maintain ȏ NPRIGU\VWRQHZDOOKDYHEHHQUHEXLOW as wildlife corridors between habitats. in a traditional way. through the AONB countryside grant scheme • Expense of EHWZHHQDQG An unusual feature unique to Corwen within the maintenance. 1HHGVXUYH\RIERXQGDULHVZLWKWKRVHWKDWKDYH AONB is boundaries using upright slate slabs – an greatest impact on the landscape prioritised for H[DPSOHRIWKLVFDQEHVHHQDW*URΖVDMXVWQRUWKRI • Modern maintenance action. not suitable. &RUZHQQH[WWRWKH5LYHU'HH % of boundaries in good condition unknown.
82 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | The Historic Environment Access and Leisure
Resource Description Issues State / Special Feature
• No coherent identity for the Provision: Iconic Visitor area, there are three distinct ȏ &DUDYDQ3DUNV&DPS6LWHVLQWKH$21% and Cultural tourism units – the Clwydian • Number of tourism businesses – unknown Range, the Dee Valley and • Number of AONB threshold signs - ? the World Heritage Site. Attractions • Number of Car Parks in the AONB – unknown. • There is no coordination of • Number of Public Toilets in the AONB – 8 YLVLWRUPDQDJHPHQW The Vale of Llangollen and Dee • 4 Country Parks in the AONB – Valley forms a striking gateway to • Interpretation and • Loggerheads North Wales as the topography awareness of the culture and • Moel Famau FKDQJHVUDSLGO\IURPȵDW history of the area is low. ȏ 7Ĺ0DZU Shropshire Plain to a steep sided • People pass through the • Minera Lead Mines Welsh Valley, with accompanying DUHDWUDYHOOLQJWRZHVW:DOHV Extent: changes in building styles and Need to raise awareness ȏ &RXQWU\3DUNVFRYHULQJKD RI materials, culture and way of life. of the area and encourage AONB).
Access and Leisure The area has a special role as a people to stop in the AONB. gateway to and cultural window on • 1 Country Park Visitor Facilities currently closed. • Lack of high quality • There are 20 sites (including Country Parks) in Welsh life and marks the English- facilities – public transport, Welsh borderlands. the AONB managed by AONB / Local Authorities. car parking, cafes, toilets, 7KHVHFRYHUKD RIWKH$21% information. Further north, the Clwydian Range • Natural Resources Wales estate (formerly • Localised degraded LVWKHȴUVWFKDLQRIKLOOVLQVLGHWKH )RUHVWU\&RPPLVVLRQ FRYHUV KD HQYLURQPHQWGXHWR Welsh border. With strong cultural of the AONB). congestion, litter and OLQNVWR/LYHUSRRODQGWKH1RUWK Condition: YDQGDOLVP :HVWRI(QJODQGWKHDUHDLVKHDYLO\ • Minera Lead mines currently closed to the YLVLWHG public.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Access and Leisure | 83 ‘Honey-pot’ sites ȏ ([LVWLQJDQGQHZGHYHORSPHQWZKHUH there has been a lack of attention 7KH3RQWF\V\OOWH$TXHGXFWDQG&DQDOLVDIHDWRIFLYLO to design, character, materials and HQJLQHHULQJRIWKHΖQGXVWULDO5HYROXWLRQFRPSOHWHG LQWHJUDWLRQZLWKLQNH\YLHZVDQGDWNH\ in the early years of the 19th century. The property is ORFDWLRQVZKLFKFRQWULEXWHWRYLVLWRU inscribed as a World Heritage Site and is recognised as an experience. LQQRYDWLRQHQVHPEOHWKDWLQVSLUHGPDQ\SURMHFWVDOORYHU the world. • Access for the less able is challenging. /RJJHUKHDGV&RXQWU\3DUNSURYLGHVDQLPSRUWDQWOLQN ȏ /DFNRIFORVXUHRIYLVLWRUIDFLOLWLHV to the wider Clwydian Range and is seen as a base from ȏ 7UDɝFPDQDJHPHQWFRQJHVWLRQDQG which to explore. car parking. 0RHO)DPDXLVDVLJQLȴFDQWWUDFWRIKHDWKHUPRRUODQGLQ • Poor public transport links and the Clwydian Range. The Jubilee Tower is on the summit. infrastructure. 7Ĺ0DZU&RXQWU\3DUNDQGIDUPOLHVRQWKHEDQNVRIWKH
Access and Leisure 5LYHU'HHEHQHDWKWKHDUFKHVRIWKH&HIQ9LDGXFW • Busy road crossings. Minera Lead Mines Country Park is a starting point for the • Some industrial remains are in poor Clywedog Trail and accessing the beautiful countryside of condition. Minera Mountain. ȏ 9LVLWRUSUHVVXUHLQNH\FRQVHUYDWLRQ areas. 2DȇV'\NH1DWLRQDO7UDLODQGWKH3DQRUDPD'ULYHZKLFK UXQDORQJWKHIRRWRI(JOZ\VHJ5RFNVRHUVWXQQLQJ KLJKOHYHOYLHZV7KH+RUVHVKRH3DVVLVDSRSXODUWRXULVW YLHZSRLQWDQGVFHQLFGULYH
• On-going maintenance of promoted Extent: The Offa’s Dyke Trail and routes. ȏ NPRI3XEOLF5LJKWVRI ȏ (URVLRQLQVHQVLWLYHDUHDV Way Promoted Routes • Impact of access on stock and farming, • 324.4 km of Rights of Way 7KH$21%KDVDQH[WHQVLYHQHWZRUNRISDWKVEULGOHZD\V particularly by dogs. DQGSHUPLVVLYHURXWHV DQGE\ZD\V6RPHKDYHJUHDWKLVWRULFDOVLJQLȴFDQFH • Limited Rights of Way for horse riders promoted by AONB / Local LQFOXGLQJWKH/HHWH3DWKDQGROG'URYHUVȇ5RDGV7KH and cyclists. Authority publications. (42% of the network). QHWZRUNEULQJVVSHFLȴFHFRQRPLFEHQHȴWWRWKHORFDO • Congestion in honey pot areas. • 114 km of Promoted Cycle economy. There are a great many publications promoting • Blocked and unusable paths restrict Routes on Public Rights of primarily walking opportunities. opportunities. :D\SHUPLVVLYHSDWKV • Number of unsupported promoted (14.8% of the network). routes. • Length of blocked / unusable ȏ 'LVWULEXWLRQRIDYDLODEOHPDWHULDO paths unknown.
84 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Access and Leisure • Uncertainty with the ȏ 6LJQLȴFDQWFDUSDUNV Open Access public to where access VHUYLQJWKHQHWZRUNLQFOXGH land areas are. Loggerheads, Moel Famau Access Land comprises mountain, moor, heath and down, common land DQG7Ĺ0DZU&RXQWU\3DUNV DQGDOOODQGRYHUPLQKHLJKW • Disturbance to nesting Car Parks in Corwen and birds and other wildlife. Llangollen, and Llantysilio Access Land is an important component of the Clwydian Range and Dee $GYHQWXUHDFWLYLWLHV *UHHQ 9DOOH\DQGSURYLGHVDFFHVVWRDUHDVSDUWLFXODUO\KLOOWRSVQRWVHUYHG • Population health by the Rights of Way network. It is found throughout the AONB, but • Number of Laybys suitable issues increasing. WKHPDMRULW\LVIRXQGLQWKHVRXWKFRYHULQJWKHODUJHH[WHQWVRIRSHQ for parking unknown moorland on the Ruabon, Llantysilio and North Berwyn mountains. ȏ &RQȵLFWEHWZHHQ ȏ 5DLOZD\VWDWLRQVVHUYLQJWKH user groups using the AONB (Prestatyn, Ruabon $QXPEHURISHUPLVVLYHDFFHVVURXWHVKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGWRJXLGH resources of the area, and Chirk) ZDONHUVWRSRLQWVRILQWHUHVWDQGVLJQLȴFDQFHVXFKDV/LEHUW\+DOOVRXWK LQSDUWLFXODUWKH5LYHU RI&RUZHQDQGWKHVXPPLWRI0RHO*\Z Dee. • 10,380.18 ha of Access Land RI$21%DUHD RI Access and Leisure • Litter, noise, damage. this • Mountain biking ȏKDLVFRPPRQODQG Adventure Activities pressure on bridleway network and wider • 3938.83 ha are mapped as There is growing concern that people’s lifestyles are becoming too countryside. open country. VHGHQWDU\7KH\VHHNWRȆGHVWUHVVȇWKURXJKDGYHQWXUHH[SHULHQFHVVXFK • Impact of access on key ȏ 1XPEHURIDGYHQWXUHDFWLYLW\ DVURFNFOLPELQJFDYLQJND\DNLQJZKLWHZDWHUUDIWLQJPRXQWDLQELNHV FRQVHUYDWLRQVLWHV SURYLGHUVXQNQRZQ horse riding etc. • Tourism spend in the AONB 7KHODQGVFDSHRIWKH$21%VXSSRUWVDGYHQWXUHDFWLYLW\EXVLQHVVHV LQe PLOOLRQ including the mountain Biking centre at Coed Llandegla. 26% of the AONB is Open Access
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Access and Leisure | 85 • Maintaining and • 2 Communities First Areas Health and Well-being – LPSURYLQJDFFHVVWR within the AONB ORFDOVHUYLFHV Deprivation ȏ &RPPXQLWLHV)LUVW$UHDV ȏ 3HRSOHOLYLQJLQ within 3km of AONB. ΖQJHQHUDOWKH$21%LVQRWDQDUHDZLWKKLJKOHYHOVRIGHSULYDWLRQ GHSULYHGDUHDVGRQRW • Percentage of LSOA’s (Lower- ZKHQDVVHVVHGDJDLQVWPRVWGHSULYDWLRQLQGLFDWRUVLQFOXGLQJLQFRPH JHWDEHQHȴWIURPWKH OHYHO6XSHU2XWSXW$UHDV OHYHOVHGXFDWLRQDODWWDLQPHQWHPSOR\PHQWKHDOWKKRXVLQJTXDOLW\DQG AONB. in AONB within the most SK\VLFDOHQYLURQPHQW2YHUDOOWKH$21%LVZLWKLQWKHOHDVWGHSULYHG GHSULYHGTXDUWLOHLQ:DOHVIRU DUHDVRI:DOHV :HOVKΖQGH[RI0XOWLSOH'HSULYDWLRQ +RZHYHU DFFHVVWRVHUYLFHVȂ RQHDVSHFWLQZKLFKWKH$21%GHPRQVWUDWHVQRWDEO\KLJKOHYHOVRI of 38) GHSULYDWLRQLVDFFHVVWRVHUYLFHVZKLFKLVDUHVXOWRIWKHVSDUVHO\ populated rural character of the area. As the population is older than the • Percentage of people with DYHUDJHDFFHVVWRORFDODQGVSHFLDOLVWKHDOWKFDUHDQGVXSSRUWVHUYLFHV limiting long-term illness all contribute to a sense of community wellbeing. ȏ (DVW ȏ 1RUWK Access and Leisure $OWKRXJKVWLOOEHORZWKH:HOVKDYHUDJHOHYHOVRIOLPLWLQJORQJWHUPLOOQHVV ȏ :HVW KDYHLQFUHDVHGLQWKH$21%EHWZHHQDQG • South 21.2 % ȏ :DOHV
86 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Access and Leisure Culture and People
Resource Description Issues State / Special Feature
ȏ 'HYHORSPHQWLQWKH$21% 1RRI$21%YLOODJHVVHWWOHPHQWV Settlement and its setting is not always GHȴQHGLQGHYHORSPHQWSODQV in sympathy with the local The settlement pattern of the Clwydian Range is • Denbighshire 23 landscape character and FKDUDFWHULVHGE\YLOODJHVDQGKDPOHWVRQHLWKHUVLGH • Flintshire 6 settlement pattern. of the main ridge, such as Llanbedr DC, Cilcain and • Wrexham 2 1DQQHUFKDQGDORQJULYHUYDOOH\VLQFOXGLQJ%RGIDUL Total – 31 DQG/ODQIHUUHV0RVWRIWKHVHYLOODJHVDUHFRPSDFW and nucleated in form. These settlements are supplemented by scattered farmsteads and isolated dwellings which extend higher up the slopes.
The settlement patterns in the south of the AONB DUHIRXQGSULPDULO\DORQJULYHUYDOOH\V6PDOOHU YLOODJHVLQFOXGH%U\QHJOZ\V*O\QG\IUGZ\&DUURJ 3HQWUHGķUDQG)URQF\V\OOWH7KHWRZQVRI/ODQJROOHQ DQG&RUZHQERWKVWUDGGOHWKH5LYHU'HH6LPLODU Culture and People - - and People Culture to the Clwydian Range, scattered farmsteads and The Built Environment isolated dwellings are found higher up the slopes.
A number of larger settlements adjoin the AONB, including Prestatyn, Meliden, Dyserth, *ZHUQ\P\Q\GG7UHIRU&HIQ0DZUDQG&KLUN
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Culture and People | 87 ȏ ΖQFRPSOHWHRXWRIGDWH&RQVHUYDWLRQ Extent: Conservation Areas Area Character Appraisals. ȏ 7KHUHDUHFRQVHUYDWLRQDUHDV &RQVHUYDWLRQ$UHDVDUHGHVLJQDWHGE\ORFDO • Lack of Management / Enhancement LQWKH$21%FRYHULQJKD planning authorities to protect areas of special 3ODQVIRU&RQVHUYDWLRQ$UHDV (0.23% of AONB) architectural or historic interest where it is • Denbighshire 9 GHVLUDEOHWRSUHVHUYHRUHQKDQFHWKHLUFKDUDFWHU • No arrangements for monitoring the • Flintshire 6 or appearance. They are one indicator of the FRQGLWLRQRI&RQVHUYDWLRQ$UHDV • Wrexham 2 TXDOLW\RIWKHEXLOWHQYLURQPHQW'HVLJQDWLRQV ȏ RI$21%YLOODJHVVHWWOHPHQWV should be underpinned by up to date Character UHFRJQLVHGLQGHYHORSPHQWSODQV Appraisals, and planning authorities should ZKLFKDUH&RQVHUYDWLRQ$UHDVȂ prepare Management / Enhancement Plans. 41.9% (13 of 31) Designation also brings some additional controls ȏ RI&RQVHUYDWLRQ$UHDVZLWKDQ RQGHYHORSPHQWEXWWKHVHFDQEHLQFUHDVHGYLD up to date Character Appraisal $UWLFOH'LUHFWLRQVLISHUPLWWHGGHYHORSPHQWLV unknown harming the special character of the area. ȏ RI&RQVHUYDWLRQ$UHDVZLWKD Management / Enhancement Plan unknown • No. of Article 4 Directions unknown
ȏ &RQFHUQVRYHUWKHQXPEHURIOLVWHG Extent: Listed Buildings buildings at risk. ȏ 7KHUHDUH/LVWHG%XLOGLQJVLQ Buildings of special architectural or historical • There is a need to update and maintain the AONB interest are Listed by Cadw. There are strict the Buildings at Risk list for each Local ȏ DUHFRQVLGHUHGWREHȆDWULVNȇ FRQWUROVRYHUGHYHORSPHQWRI/LVWHG%XLOGLQJVDQG Authority. ȏ 6LJQLȴFDQW/LVWHG%XLOGLQJVLQFOXGH their setting to ensure their special character is • The Jubilee Tower at Moel Famau is one Chirk Castle, Llangollen Bridge and FRQVHUYHGRUHQKDQFHG7KHQXPEHUDQGJUDGH RIWKHPRVWSURPLQHQWDQGGLVWLQFWLYH the Jubilee Tower. of Listed Buildings in an area is another indicator Listed Buildings in the AONB, but is in RIWKHTXDOLW\RIWKHORFDOEXLOWHQYLURQPHQW/RFDO QHHGRIUHVWRUDWLRQFRQVHUYDWLRQWR DXWKRULWLHVDUHDGYLVHGWRXQGHUWDNH\HDUO\ secure its long term future. VXUYH\VRIWKHFRQGLWLRQRI/LVWHG%XLOGLQJVLQWKHLU
Culture and People - The Built Environment - and People Culture area to identify buildings at risk.
88 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Culture and People ȏ 1HHGWRPDLQWDLQ-RLQW&RPPLWWHHDFWLYLW\ • No. of planning applications Development Control LQUHVSHFWRIUHVSRQGLQJWRGHYHORSPHQW referred to the JAC proposals. • 2011/12 – 199 7KHFRQWURORIGHYHORSPHQWLQWKH$21%LVDQ • 2012/13 – 212 important means by which the character and ȏ 0DLQWDLQDQGGHYHORSWKH-RLQW • 2013/14 – 221 appearance of the area can be maintained or &RPPLWWHHȇVFUHGLELOLW\DQGLQȵXHQFHDVD LPSURYHG'HYHORSPHQWSURSRVDOVRXWVLGHWKH planning consultee. • % of JAC comments adopted by DUHDFDQDOVRKDYHDQLPSDFWRQLPSRUWDQWYLHZV LPA’s in or out of the AONB. • Three LPA’s; need to ensure consistent • 2011/12 – 68% DSSURDFKDFURVVDGPLQLVWUDWLYH ȏ Ȃ boundaries. The three local planning authorities (LPA’s) consult ȏ Ȃ the Joint Committee on planning applications ȏ 8UEDQLVDWLRQRIYLOODJHVDQGSRRUXUEDQ • No. of possible unauthorised which might impact on the AONB. design. GHYHORSPHQWFDVHVUHIHUUHGWR LPA’s ȏ 1HHGIRUDPRUHSURDFWLYHUHVSRQVHWR • 2011/12 – 13 XQDXWKRULVHGGHYHORSPHQWLQWKH$21% • 2012/13 – 21 • 2013/14 – 10
• Clear and robust policies required to /RFDO'HYHORSPHQW3ODQV Planning Policy and FRQVHUYHDQGHQKDQFHWKH$21% • Denbighshire LDP 2006 – 2021 • Need for Joint Committee to engage with (adopted 2013) Guidance /'3SURFHVV :*JXLGDQFHQRORQJHU ȏ )OLQWVKLUH/'3Ȃ ΖQ Within a plan led system for the control of requires LDP’s to include national AONB preparation: adoption planned in GHYHORSPHQWUHOHYDQWDQGXSWRGDWHSODQQLQJ policies. 2018) policy and guidance is an essential component • Three LPA’s; need to ensure consistent • Wrexham LDP 2 2013 – 2028 (In RISURWHFWLQJDQGFRQVHUYLQJWKHFKDUDFWHUDQG approach to AONB policy and guidance preparation: adoption planned in appearance of the AONB. DFURVVDGPLQLVWUDWLYHERXQGDULHV 2018) ȏ 1RVSHFLȴF63*IRUWKH$21%WRFRQVHUYH The local planning authorities publish DQGHQKDQFHORFDOGLVWLQFWLYHQHVV 8QLWDU\'HYHORSPHQW3ODQV QRZ /RFDO'HYHORSPHQW3ODQV /'3V $GRSWHG 1RQVWDWXWRU\'HYHORSPHQW*XLGHOLQHV VXSHUVHGHGE\/RFDO'HYHORSPHQW 6XSSOHPHQWDU\3ODQQLQJ*XLGDQFH 63* cannot be adopted by the LPA’s. Plan system): QRWHVFRPSOHPHQWGHYHORSPHQWSODQV7KH ȏ 1HHGWRPDLQWDLQ$21%SURȴOHDQG ȏ )OLQWVKLUH8'3Ȃ Joint Committee has prepared non-statutory -RLQW&RPPLWWHHDFWLYLW\LQUHVSHFWRI (adopted 2011)
Culture and People - The Built Environment - and People Culture 'HYHORSPHQW*XLGHOLQHVIRUWKH$21%1DWLRQDO responding to planning and other policy • Wrexham UDP 1996 – 2011 SODQQLQJSROLF\LVVHWE\WKH:HOVK*RYHUQPHQW consultations. DGRSWHG and the Joint Committee is usually consulted on proposed changes to national policy.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Culture and People | 89 • Lack of awareness of the AONB and Sense of place its purposes within parts of the local communities. Community, belonging, attachment and a sense of place. Associated with this is the Welsh language, ȏ 8QIRFXVHGFRPPXQLW\DQGYROXQWDU\ VWURQJFRPPXQLW\YDXHVDQGDVHQVHRIORFDO actions that contribute to local pride which are all a part of the natural beauty of GLVWLQFWLYHQHVV an area. There is an understanding that ‘the land makes us what we are’.
• As life expectancy increases, there will • Resident Population (2011) Population be increasing numbers of older people -18,690 in society. A sharp rise in the number of The AONB is sparsely populated but there is some • 8,000 of these within the RYHUVZLOOVHHDJHQHUDWLRQNHHQWR YDULDWLRQDFURVVWKHDUHDWKH'HH9DOOH\LVWKH Dee Valley relax but potentially reluctant (or unable) most populous mainly due to the larger towns • Population Density (2011) WRWUDYHOIDU RI/ODQJROOHQDQG&RUZHQ+RZHYHUWKHUHDUHD ȏ 1RUWKȂ SHUVRQVSHUNPVT number of larger and more populous settlements ȏ 2YHUWKHSDVWȴIWHHQ\HDUVDVXVWDLQHG • West – 0.4 in close proximity to the Clwydian Range such as rise in the birth rate has caused a mini • East – 0.4 Mold, Ruthin, Prestatyn, Chirk and the Wrexham baby boom. • South - 0.4 urban fringe. ȏ *UDQGSDUHQWVZLOOEHȆ\RXQJHUȇWKDQHYHU ȏ :DOHV before; and retiring baby boomers will • Families with dependent children 7KHDJHSURȴOHRIWKH$21%VKRZVDQROGHU priorities their leisure time. ȏ 1RUWKȂ population than Wales, Denbighshire and • Pressures and opportunities arising from • West – 839 Flintshire. the close proximity of the AONB to a • East – 426 much larger population. • South - 301 The number of families with dependent children has risen between 2001 and 2011, particularly in the western area of the AONB. Culture and People – Sustainable Communities – Sustainable and People Culture
90 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Culture and People • Increasing the number and • 368 Council Houses in Denbighshire and Housing UDQJHRIDRUGDEOHKRPHVLQ Flintshire areas of AONB. (Wrexham CBC the AONB to meet local needs. Council House numbers unknown). 7KH$21%LVDQDWWUDFWLYHDUHDLQZKLFKWROLYH It is also within easy commuting range of large ȏ +LJKOHYHOVRIGHPDQGIRU • No. of dwellings unknown employment centres such as Deeside, Chester, council / housing association • Council / Housing Assoc Waiting Lists :UH[KDPDQGEH\RQG7KLVLQȵXHQFHVWKHORFDO accommodation in some unknown housing market by pushing up house prices, often areas. • Second homes in the AONB unknown EH\RQGZKDWPDQ\ORFDOSHRSOHFDQDRUG7KH number of social / rented council and housing • Need for robust planning association properties in the AONB is limited. The policies to ensure that SUREOHPVRIDYDLODELOLW\DQGDRUGDELOLW\IRUORFDO QHZKRXVLQJGHYHORSPHQW people are compounded by a higher percentage DGGUHVVHVDRUGDELOLW\DQG WKDQWKH:HOVKDYHUDJHRIVHFRQGKROLGD\KRPHV local need issues. in parts of the AONB.
• Lack of economic • No. of working residents unknown Employment selfcontainment resulting in • No. of jobs in the AONB unknown fewer people ‘embedded’ in A high proportion of AONB residents are ȏ RISRSXODWLRQHFRQRPLFDOO\DFWLYH their local area and reduced HFRQRPLFDOO\DFWLYHZKHQFRPSDUHGWRWKH:HOVK ȏ(DVWȏ1RUWKȏ:HVW sense of community. DYHUDJHEXWPRVWFRPPXWHRXWRIWKHDUHDWR • South 68% • Wales 66% nearby towns and other centres of employment. • Fewer local jobs than the ȏ RIUHVLGHQWVOLYLQJDQGZRUNLQJLQWKH 7KHDUHDGRHVQRWWKHUHIRUHH[KLELWKLJKOHYHOVRI working population. AONB unknown economic selfcontainment, which can impact on • Reduction in the number of • % of residents employed in agriculture or community cohesion. The public sector is the largest DFWLYHDJULFXOWXUDOKROGLQJV forestry (2011) source of employment, but agriculture and forestry DQGWKHRYHUDOOLQFUHDVHLQWKH ȏ(DVWȏ1RUWK continues to be an important employer when DYHUDJHKROGLQJVL]H • West 9.3% • South 4% FRPSDUHGWRWKH:HOVKDYHUDJH ȏ 5HVRXUFHVWRGHOLYHU$21% ȏ 1RRIDFWLYHDJULFXOWXUDOKROGLQJV Sustainable Tourism Strategy unknown. and Action Plan. ȏ $YHUDJHVL]HRIDJULFXOWXUDOKROGLQJ unknown. • No. of tourism related businesses supporting the AONB unknown • % of population retired (2011) • East 20% • North 20% • West 21% • South 18% Culture and People – Sustainable Communities – Sustainable and People Culture ȏ /HYHOVRIORQJWHUPXQHPSOR\PHQW • East 0.9% • North 1.6% • West 1.2% ȏ6RXWKȏ:DOHV
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Culture and People | 91 Facilities and Services • Maintaining key existing rural • 40 places of worship in the AONB. IDFLOLWLHVDQGVHUYLFHVWKDWPHHW • Facilities in Denbighshire area of the needs of local people, and $FFHVVWRORFDOIDFLOLWLHVDQGVHUYLFHVVXFKDV AONB. SUHYHQWLQJWKHIXUWKHUORVVRIVXFK VFKRROVVKRSVSRVWRɝFHVFRPPXQLW\PHHWLQJ ȏ 3XEVKRWHOVEDUV facilities. places and public transport all contribute to a • 118 shops. sense of community wellbeing. Access to such ȏ 5HYLHZRIHGXFDWLRQSURYLVLRQDQG • No. of primary schools in VHUYLFHVLQWKH$21%FDQEHOLPLWHG5XUDOVHUYLFHV the number of rural schools. AONB – 14 are in decline and continue to be under threat • Nos. on school roll unknown JLYHQWKHHFRQRPLFRXWORRNDQGWKHYLDELOLW\RI ȏ 'HYHORSLQJDFFHVVWRQHZIDFLOLWLHV SURYLGLQJVXFKIDFLOLWLHVLQLVRODWHGDQGVSDUVHO\ DQGVHUYLFHVVXFKDVKLJKVSHHG • No. of settlements with a public population areas. broadband and mobile phone house – 21 (68%) FRYHUDJH • No. of settlements with a ȏ (QVXULQJHHFWLYHSXEOLFWUDQVSRUW FRPPXQLW\KDOOȂ QHWZRUNOLQNVWRVHUYLFHFHQWUHV • No. of settlements with a shop / PO – 13 (42%) • No. of settlements with a regular Culture and People – – and People Culture GDLO\EXVVHUYLFHȂ • Broadband ‘notspots’ – Unknown • No. of mobile blackspots – Sustainable Communities Sustainable unknown.
92 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | STATE of the AONB REPORT | Culture and People
Part Three ACTION PLAN
Landscape Quality and Character 97 Heather Moorland and Rolling Ridges 99 Limestone Grassland, Cliffs and Screes 101 Broadleaved Woodland and Veteran Trees 102 River Valleys 103 Historic Settlement and Archaeology 104 Industrial Features and the World Heritage Site 105 Hillforts and Defensive Structures 107 Small Historic Features 108 Boundaries 109 Iconic Visitor and Cultural Attractions 110 The Offa’s Dyke National Trail and Promoted Routes 112 The Built Environment 113 People and Communities 114
Landscape Quality and Character
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
Support Cadwyn Clwyd Renewable Energy Pilot projects and other appropriate community based projects which seek to mitigate the impact of Cadwyn / Landowners climate change and reduce the carbon footprint Yr 1 Ensure that the natural resources of the AONB without harming the special qualities AONB NRW LQCO1 and special qualities of the AONB PolSQ1 and features of the area or its character and DUHUHFRJQLVHGDQGYDOXHG appearance.
Support the Natural Response to Flood Risk project Cadwyn / Landowners in the Clwyd Catchment particularly in relation to Yr1, Yr2 management works within the Clwydian Range AONB NRW
(QJDJHZLWKWKH1DWLRQDO*ULGȇV9LVXDOΖPSDFW 3URYLVLRQ 9Ζ3 SURJUDPPHWRUHGXFHWKHLPSDFW RIKLJKYROWDJHWUDQVPLVVLRQLQWKH$21%DQGLWV Yr2 setting. Ensure that the impacts of PolSQ1 HQYLURQPHQWDOFKDQJHRQWKH LQCO2 AONB are understood and a PolSQ2 Promote mast sharing to reduce clutter and impact AONB VWUDWHJLFUHVSRQVHLVGHYHORSHG on the local landscape character of the AONB. Yr3 and implemented PolSQ3 :RUNZLWKWKHLQGXVWU\WRDSSO\WKHVHYHQȆ+ROIRUG 5XOHVȇDQGGHYHORSJXLGDQFHIRUPLWLJDWLRQ Annual measures.
Prepare guidance on the introduction of renewable energy technologies into the AONB and its setting, to reduce the impact on the local landscape Yr3 0LQLPLVHWKHFXPXODWLYHLPSDFWVRI character LQCO3 small-scale change that may erode PolSQ3 the special character of the AONB. (QFRXUDJHDQGVXSSRUWHQHUJ\FRQVHUYDWLRQ measures in order to help meet national and Annual regional targets for energy consumption.
Protect the tranquillity of the AONB PolSq1 Identify those special qualities of the AONB that are and take steps where possible to LQCO4 VHQVLWLYHWRFKDQJHDQGPRQLWRUWKHLUVWDWH Yr2 reduce noise and light pollution. PolSQ2
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Landscape Quality and Character | 97 &RQGXFWȴ[SRLQWSKRWRJUDSK\PRQLWRULQJRINH\ YLHZSRLQWVDFURVVWKH$21% Yr3
Ensure that the impacts of AONB HQYLURQPHQWDOFKDQJHRQWKH Establish a monitoring programme from key AONB AONB are understood and a LQCO5 PolSQ2 YLHZSRLQWVDFURVVWKH$21% AONB Yr3 VWUDWHJLFUHVSRQVHLVGHYHORSHG NWTRA and implemented LAs Work with the 3 Highways Authorities and Trunk URDGV$JHQF\WRUDWLRQDOLVHURDGWUDɝFVLJQDJHDQG Yr2 agree a set of guidelines for signage in the AONB.
Organise community reminiscence days to engage with communities and draw upon their wealth of Annual ΖQYHVWLJDWHDQGLQFUHDVHRXU PolSQ1 knowledge about the area. - 1 per year LQCO6 understanding of the cultural GLYHUVLW\RIFRPPXQLWLHVZLWKLQ PolSQ4 the AONB Support the research and recording of the area’s social history Annual
Hold an annual AONB Forum to stimulate discussion on the areas special qualities and ensure AONB LAs Annual community participation
Maintain an AONB Partnership as part of the AONB LAs Annual 'HYHORSSDUWQHUVKLSVWKDWZLOOKHOS JRYHUQDQFHVWUXFWXUHIRUWKH$21% to stimulate awareness of and PolSQ1 LQCO7 LQWHUHVWLQFXOWXUDOGLYHUVLW\ZLWKLQ the AONB. PolSQ4 :RUNZLWK&DGZ\Q&OZ\GȇV/RFDO$FWLRQ*URXSVWR HQVXUHWKDWFXOWXUDOGLYHUVLW\LVUHȵHFWHGLQ5'3 AONB LAs Annual programmes relating to sense of place
Work with Menter Iaith to support and raise awareness of the Welsh language within the AONB Cadwyn Clwyd Yr2 communities of the AONB
98 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Landscape Quality and Character Heather Moorland and Rolling Ridges
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
Work with North Wales Bionet Where possible, restore areas of former heathland *URXSWRPDLQWDLQRUH[WHQG PolHW1 particularly around Coed Moel Famau, Coed HMRO1 the current extent of heather NRW / AONB LAs Annual Nercwys, Moel Findeg and Moel Famau moorland within the AONB PolHW2
&RQWLQXHWRVXSSRUWWKHJUD]LHUVRQWKH&OZ\GLDQ NRW Range,Llantysilio Mountain and North Berwyn in the management of heathland through cutting and AONB PolHW1 EXUQLQJWKURXJK*ODVWLU&RPPRQVVFKHPHVDQG Bring areas of heather moorland other means. Landowners HMRO2 LQWRSRVLWLYHSURGXFWLYH PolHW2 :* Annual management. PolHW3 Continue to work with Coleg Cambria Llysfasi to AONB SURYLGHWUDLQLQJFRXUVHVLQXSODQGPDQDJHPHQW DVSDUWRIWKHLU1DWLRQDO'LSORPDFRXUVHȂHYHQWV Coleg per year. Cambria
Continue to monitor black grouse 0RQLWRU%ODFN*URXVHSRSXODWLRQVDQGRWKHUXSODQG AONB HMRO3 and other upland bird species as PolHW2 ELUGVHYHU\\HDUDWNH\OHNVLWHVDFURVVWKH$21%LQ RSPB Annual an indicator of habitat condition RUGHUWRLQIRUPDQGWDUJHWVSHFLȴFPDQDJHPHQW NRW :RUNZLWKIDUPHUVDQGJUD]LHUVWRDVVRFLDWHODPE Cadwyn Clwyd Yr2,Yr3 from the upland areas with quality landscapes. AONB Associate food production with PolHW3 *UD]LHUV HMRO4 ecosystem management. Engage producers and retailers with the Clwydian Cadwyn PolHW4 Range Food Trail Project to promote local produce AONB DQGJLYHDGGHGYDOXHWRSURGXFHDVVRFLDWHGZLWK Clwyd Annual SRVLWLYHFRQVHUYDWLRQZRUNV Food Trail
Support and encourage sustainable grouse moors management where PolHW3 Support the North Wales Moors partnership on Y NRW HMRO5 LWKDVSRVLWLYHHQYLURQPHQWDODQG Berwyn RSPB economic impacts PolHW4 AONB
3URYLGHVXSSRUWWRIDUPHUVDQG PolHW3 $WWHQGJUD]LHUVPHHWLQJZKHUHDSSURSULDWH AONB Annual HMRO6 landowners in upland areas to bring moorlands into management PolHW4 3URYLGHSUDFWLFDOVXSSRUWIRUEXUQLQJLQXSODQG schemes. DUHDVZKHUHYHUSRVVLEOH AONB Annual
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Heather Moorland and Rolling Ridges | 99
Limestone Grassland, Cliffs and Screes
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
(QVXUHWKDWWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQREMHFWLYHVRIHDFKVLWH are understood and incorporated into project plans. NRW Annual Maintain the current extent PolHW1 3ORWDQGUHFRUGFDYHV\VWHPVDQGOLPHVWRQH LGPO1 of calcareous grassland and AONB, Bionet OLPHVWRQHSDYHPHQWDQGVFUHH PolHW2 SDYHPHQWLQWKH$21%DQGLGHQWLI\IHDWXUHVDWULVN AONB within the AONB. Yr4 Support and promote projects through the North NRW :DOHV%LRQHW*URXSDQG*ODVWLU
Bring all areas of public owned Carry out targeted scrub control to restore areas of / managed limestone grassland, PolHW1 former calcareous grassland habitat at Prestatyn LGPO2 FOLVDQGVFUHHVLQWRIDYRXUDEOH Hillside, the Alyn Valley and Eglwyseg as part of the AONB NRW Yr2,3,4,5 management schemes. PolHW2 Limestone Legacy Project.
'HYHORSD/DQGVFDSH3DUWQHUVKLS6FKHPH3URMHFW IRU+/)WRDGGUHVVLVVXHVRIYLVLWRULPSDFWVRQDUHDV RIOLPHVWRQHJUDVVODQGFOLVDQGVFUHHVSDUWLFXODUO\ Yr2 3URYLGHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUSULYDWHO\ around Eglwyseg and the Panorama. WCBC owned areas of limestone PolHW3 JUDVVODQGDQGSDYHPHQWWRFRPH LGPO3 Ensure that land managers understand the AONB NRW LQWRIDYRXUDEOHPDQDJHPHQW PolHW4 importance of calcareous habitats and their schemes. VHQVLWLYLW\WRJUD]LQJOHYHOVDQGWKHHQULFKPHQW DCC Annual of soils from fertilisers, herbicide application, ploughing and re-seeding.
5HGXFHWKHLPSDFWRIWKH2DȇV'\NH1DWLRQDO7UDLO on the Eglwyseg Screes through path repair and Yr2,3 consolidation.
Ensure that recreational pressure PolHW1 $VVHVVWKHȵRULVWLFFKDQJHVWKDWUHFUHDWLRQDO LGPO4 LVPLQLPLVHGLQVHQVLWLYHDUHDV pressure associated with soil compaction brings AONB NRW Yr3 PolHW4 about.
'HYHORSWKH&RXQWU\VLGH*UDQW6FKHPHWRLQFOXGH funding of all special features of the AONB including Annual limestone grassland restoration projects.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Limestone Grassland, Cliffs and Screes | 101 Broadleaved Woodland and Veteran Trees
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
Support measures to reduce the impacts of pests and diseases on the local landscape character (Phytopthora Ramorum – Bilberry and Larch - Ash Annual Maintain the current extent PolHW1 dieback, and Phytophthora Alni – Alder) AONB WVTO1 RIEURDGOHDYHGZRRGODQGDQG NRW YHWHUDQWUHHVZLWKLQWKH$21% PolHW2 Landowners Support appropriate planting programmes that VWUHQJWKHQZRRGODQGUHVLOLHQFHWRHQYLURQPHQWDO Annual change.
5HFRUGWKHFXUUHQWH[WHQWDQGFRQGLWLRQRIYHWHUDQ trees in the AONB. Yr3 Landowners Protect Veteran Trees within the PolHW1 WVTO2 landscape across the AONB AONB NRW PolHW2 ΖGHQWLI\IXQGLQJWRGHYHORSDSURJUDPPHRI Parkland Tree Planting across appropriate parts of Yr3 the AONB.
Bring all areas of public owned / managed EURDGOHDYHGZRRGODQGLQWRIDYRXUDEOH PDQDJHPHQWVFKHPHVVXFKDV*ODVWLURU666Ζ AONB / NRW Las/NT Yr3 To maintain and restore 6HFWLRQ EURDGOHDYHGZRRGODQGWRZDUGVD PolHW1 IDYRXUDEOHFRQGLWLRQWKURXJKWKH WVTO3 LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH%LRGLYHUVLW\ PolHW2 ΖPSOHPHQWDFWLRQVZLWKLQH[LVWLQJVHFWLRQ Action Plans for Upland Mixed Ash PDQDJHPHQWDJUHHPHQWVDQG*ODVWLUVFKHPHV NRW Yr2 Woodlands, upland oak woodlands PolHW3 and wet woodlands. Landowners 'HYHORSWKH&RXQWU\VLGH*UDQW6FKHPHWRLQFOXGH funding of all special features of the AONB including AONB Annual small woodlands under 2 ha.
'HYHORSPDQDJHPHQWSURJUDPPHVIRUDOO/RFDO 'HYHORSSXEOLFDOO\RZQHG PolHW1 Authority owned woodlands in particular Bishops woodlands as models of best :RRG&RHG$OH[$O\Q9DOOH\:RRGV5LYHUVLGH WVTO4 practice in broadleaf woodland PolHW2 Woods Llangollen, Corwen Cynwyd Railway line and AONB NRW Yr2 management. Coed Pen y Pigyn and along the Dee corridor at PolHW4 7Ĺ0DZULQFOXGLQJ-HU\ȇV:RRG
102 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Broadleaved Trees River Valleys
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
Continue to monitor the extent of key indicator species such as otter PolHW1 Meet the requirements of the Water Framework RVO1 DQGZDWHUYROHLQRUGHUWRJDXJH 'LUHFWLYHDQG&DWFKPHQW0DQDJHPHQW3ODQV NRW AONB/ Annual habitat condition. PolHW2
6XSSRUWWKH$O\QDQG:KHHOHU/LYLQJ/DQGVFDSHV 3URMHFWDQGLWVZRUNRQULSDULDQFRQQHFWLYLW\DQG NWWT Yr1,2,3 &RQWLQXHWRGHYHORSD PolHW1 LQYDVLYHVSHFLHV partnership of key agencies and AONB – NRW - RVO2 bodies to ensure an integrated PolHW2 and landscape approach to 'HYHORSWKH&RXQWU\VLGH*UDQW6FKHPHWRLQFOXGH NEWWildlife management. PolHW3 funding of all special features of the AONB including AONB Annual water courses
Continue to work in partnership with others NRW, AONB WRFRQWUROLQYDVLYHVSHFLHVZLWKLQWKH$O\QDQG NWWT Annual :KHHOHU/LYLQJ/DQGVFDSHV3URMHFW Las
6XSSRUWDQGGHYHORSDODQGVFDSH PolHW1 RVO3 scale approach to a programme of PolHW2 Support the DINNS Partnership in addressing LQYDVLYHVSHFLHVFRQWUROSDUWLFXODUO\ LQYDVLYHVSHFLHVWKURXJKRXWWKH'HHFDWFKPHQW Annual in relation to Himalayan balsam. PolHW3 NRW, AONB NWWT LAs 6XSSRUW%LJ'HH'D\WRWDFNOHLQYDVLYHQRQQDWLYH plants and animals, such as Japanese knotweed, Annual Himalayan balsam.
'HYLVHDQGUXQDQH[HPSODUGHPRQVWUDWLRQSURMHFW Cadwyn NRW, AONB Yr3 on good catchment management Clwyd Raise awareness amongst the PolHW1 general public and landowners/ RVO4 managers of the importance of the PolHW2 ULYHUYDOOH\VIRUELRGLYHUVLW\ Hold an annual workshop on pollution control and PolHW4 good management for landowners, local councillors NRW AONB Yr3,4,5 and professionals.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | River Valleys | 103 Historic Settlement and Archaeology
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
Produce a schedule of historic site enhancements to prioritise works and promote good practice WCBC, DCC across all types and ages of assets. Target Project AONB Yr3 Work towards a position where the FCC condition/state of all archaeological Action by the use of an ‘At risk’ register. sites within the AONB is known and appropriate management PolHE1 Conduct CPD sessions with planners and Highway Cadw, WCBC, HSAO1 work is carried out. Utilise HER RɝFHUVWRH[SODLQ$UFKDHRORJ\DQGWKH3ODQQLQJ system and the importance of these small features AONB Yr2,Yr4 information, Pan-Wales projects, PolHE2 DCC, FCC *ODVWLUDJULHQYLURQPHQWVFKHPHV in maintaining the character of settlements and the planning process to facilitate this. Work with Denbighshire Agricultural Estate at Caer Drewyn to establish an appropriate stocking rate DCC AONB Yr2 and continue to control scrub around the hillfort.
Encourage owners of Historic parks Work with registered Historic parks and gardens DQG*DUGHQVZLWKLQWKH$21% ODQGRZQHUVDQGRWKHUUHOHYDQWDJHQFLHVWR HSAO2 to maintain and restore existing PolHW1 undertake appraisals and to prepare and AONB LAs Annual parkland features as noted in the LPSOHPHQWPDQDJHPHQWSODQVWRFRQVHUYHDQG Register. enhance the sites.
Raise awareness of the importance of industrial sites and features within the planning process and AONB Cadw Annual AONB. ΖQFUHDVHWKHSURȴOHRIWKH+LVWRULF Through the Our Picturesque Landscape Project (QYLURQPHQWWKURXJKHHFWLYH GHYLVHDQGUXQDQHQJDJHPHQWSURJUDPPHIRU HSAO3 and consistent interpretation and PolHE2 both residents (including schools, Town and information. Cadw Yr3,Yr4, &RPPXQLW\&RXQFLOVDQG&RPPXQLW\*URXSV DQG AONB YLVLWRUVSURPRWLQJDZDUHQHVVDQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJ LAs Yr5 RIWKH+LVWRULF(QYLURQPHQWRIWKH$21%DQGWKH historical links between sites.
Ensure all decisions regarding the Historic Incorporate information gathered (QYLURQPHQWDUHHYLGHQFHEDVHG LAs AONB Annual DVSDUWRIWKH+LVWRULF(QYLURQPHQW HSAO4 Record into the continuous PolHE2 Ensure LANDMAP data and the Historic management process within the (QYLURQPHQW5HFRUGDUHXWLOLVHGWRJXLGHWKH NRW AONB. determination of planning applications and inform LAs Annual DJULHQYLURQPHQWVFKHPHV AONB
104 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Historic Settlement and Archaeology Industrial Features and the World Heritage Site
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
Secure the integrity of the PolHE1 :RUNLQSDUWQHUVKLSWRDFKLHYHWKHDVSLUDWLRQVRI WHS Steering WHSO1 RXWVWDQGLQJXQLYHUVDOYDOXHVRIWKH the World Heritage Site Landscape Management Annual World Heritage Site. PolHE3 Plan. *URXS
0DLQWDLQNH\YLHZVWRDQGIURPWKH (VWDEOLVKDQ+/)SURMHFWZLWK&DQDODQG5LYHUV7UXVW CRT, WCBC WHSO2 :+6DQGWKHYLVXDODQGFXOWXUDO PolHE3 DQG:UH[KDP&RXQW\%RURXJK&RXQFLOWRSUHVHUYH AONB Yr2 setting. WKHNH\YLHZVIURPDQGLQWRWKH:+6 DCC, NRW
Take steps to limit the impact YLVLWRUSUHVVXUHVRQWKHKLVWRULF PolHE1 Work with Cadw and local landowners to formalise DCC WHSO3 integrity and setting of the World access to the Horseshoe Falls from Llantysilio. AONB Yr1 Heritage Site PolHE3 Cadw
Ensure a consistent approach Work with the World Heritage Site partnership to interpretation, signage and PolHE2 AONB WRGHYHORSDQΖQWHUSUHWDWLRQDQGVWUDWHJ\IRUWKH WHSO4 quality of the experience across CRT Yr3 whole corridor. partnership authorities. PolHE3 CRT
Through the Our Picturesque Landscape Partnership project assess and restore key features WCBC associated with lead mining limestone quarrying AONB Yr3 particularly, Minera and Eglwyseg. Landowners
Raise awareness of the importance PolHE1 Work towards the reconsolidation of industrial WHSO5 of industrial sites and features features on Prestatyn Hillside. AONB Prestatyn TC Yr4 within the planning and AONB. PolHE2
Through the Our Picturesque Landscape Project SURYLGHKLJKTXDOLW\LQWHUSUHWDWLRQIRUNH\LQGXVWULDO WHS Steering AONB Yr3 sites within the AONB – in particular the Leete at *URXS /RJJHUKHDGV'HYLOȇVJRUJHDQG0LQHUD/HDGPLQHV
'HYHORSDQȊDWULVNȊUHJLVWHUIRU key industrial historic sites and PolHE1 Establish an HLF project to identify and respond to LAs work towards programmes that WHSO6 sites at risk. AONB Yr3 will respond where action is PolHE2 Cadw required.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Industrial Features and the WHS | 105
Hillforts and Defensive Structures
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
Ensure continuation of the 0RQLWRUWKHLPSDFWRIWKH2DȇV'\NH1DWLRQDO NRW DCC / DFKLHYHPHQWVRIWKH+HDWKHUDQG Trail on the Hillforts of the Clwydian Range. AONB Hillforts Project and maintain existing PolHE1 FCC OHYHOVRIZRUNDWWKHKLOOIRUWVRI Yr3 DFSO1 Penycloddiau, Moel Arthur, Moel \*DHU/ODQEHGUDQG0RHO)HQOOL Continue to support a partnership approach to AONB and aim to continue programme to PolHE1 WDFNOLQJRURDGYHKLFXODUWUHVSDVVDQGLWVLPSDFWV Annual LQFOXGH0RHO\*DHU%RGIDULDQG0RHO on the hillforts, particularly on Llantysilio Mountain DCC RoW NWP Hiraddug. - work with Police, NRW and Local Authorities. NRW
Complete the reconsolidation of the masonry at AONB Castell Dinas Bran around the gatehouse. DCS Yr2 Cadw Ensure the structural integrity of PolHE1 KLVWRULFGHIHQVLYHIHDWXUHVDQGHQVXUH DFSO2 WKDWLPSDFWVRIYLVLWRUSUHVVXUHLV minimised. Through the Our Picturesque Landscape project Cadw PolHE1 take steps to minimise erosion into Castell Dinas AONB Yr4 Bran particularly from the eastern access point. DCS
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Small Historic Features | 107 Small Historic Features
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
(QVXUH/$1'0$3GDWDDQGWKH+LVWRULF(QYLURQPHQW Raise awareness of the Record are utilised to guide the determination of planning NRW AONB Annual importance of small historic PolHE1 DSSOLFDWLRQVDQGLQIRUPDJULHQYLURQPHQWVFKHPHV features within both the SHFO1 planning and highways HQYLURQPHQWVE\SURYLGLQJ &RQGXFW&3'VHVVLRQVZLWKSODQQHUVDQG+LJKZD\RɝFHUV training sessions to PolHE2 to explain Archaeology and the Planning system and the professionals. importance of these small features in maintaining the AONB LAs Yr3,4,5 character of settlements
(QFRXUDJHWKHXVHRIWKH&LYLF7UXVW:DOHVKLVWRULF Encourage Communities to PolHE2 characterisation tool kit in the AONB’s settlements. AONB LAs Annual identify and map features SHFO2 within their communities on a standard database which is Cadwyn compatible with the HER. PolHE2 Visit Local Communities to discuss recording of features AONB Yr3,4,5 Clwyd
Encourage Communities to adopt these features and act In line with The Welsh Historic Environment: a Celebration SHFO3 as their champions by raising PolHE2 (VWDEOLVKDQ+LVWRULF(QYLURQPHQW&KDPSLRQIURP AONB AONB Yr2 awareness within community within the AONB Partnership. councils and youth groups.
108 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Small Historic Features Boundaries
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
8VLQJ6')DQGRWKHUIXQGVGHYHORSD &RXQWU\VLGH*UDQWVFKHPHVWRVXSSRUW Continue to support through SDF a grant scheme projects which will maintain and enhance the BO1 PolHE1 WRIDFLOLWDWHERXQGDU\LPSURYHPHQW AONB Landowners Annual most important boundaries in the AONB as well as other Special Features
Continue to work with Llysfasi College students PolHE1 DQGVWDWRSURYLGHWUDLQLQJFRXUVHVLQ AONB Coleg Cambria Annual PolHE2 Countryside Skills In line with aspirations within The Welsh Historic Environment Strategic Statement (2009) raise the skills base amongst the local DVSC BO2 workforce to increase the number of people ZKRFDQFDUU\RXWWKHQHFHVVDU\FRQVHUYDWLRQ &RQWLQXHWRRHUWUDLQLQJGD\VIRU&RXQWU\VLGH AVOW and repair work. PolHE1 Volunteers in hedge laying and dry stonewall AONB Annual construction. FLVC PolHE2 NRW
Incorporate information gathered as part RIWKH+LVWRULF(QYLURQPHQW5HFRUGLQWRWKH *DWKHULQIRUPDWLRQRQFXUUHQWFRQGLWLRQRI BO3 continuous management process within the PolHE2 boundaries within the AONB. AONB AONB Yr3 AONB.
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Boundaries | 109
Iconic Visitor and Cultural Attractions
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale Cadwyn, FCC Maintain Sustainable Tourism Charter status for the AONB. AONB Yr2 PolART1 / DCC, WCBC 7RHQVXUHWKDWYLVLWRUVDQGWKH tourism industry understand &RRUGLQDWHWKHGHYHORSPHQWDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI DCC, FCC, the need for, and support the PolART2 AONB, VW Annual IVCO1 FRQVHUYDWLRQDQGHQKDQFHPHQW 'HVWLQDWLRQ0DQDJHPHQW3ODQVWKDWDHFWWKH$21% WCBC of, the special qualities of the AONB as key assets upon which PolART1 Hold an Annual Tourism Forum tourism is based. AONB LAs Annual
PolART1 Work with Visit Wales and other Protected Landscapes to promote sustainable tourism in Wales LAs Annual
3URPRWHDQGDVVLVWFRQYHQLHQW 8WLOLVHFRXQWU\VLGHVLWHVVXFKDV7Ĺ0DZU&RXQWU\3DUNDQG and sustainable access into the PolART2 Loggerheads to act as gateways to the AONB through good IVCO2 AONB and special places AONB LAs Annual PolART3 TXDOLW\LQWHUSUHWDWLRQDQGLQIRUPDWLRQSURYLVLRQ within it.
&RQWLQXHWRGHYHORSSXEOLF WUDQVSRUWOLQNVDQGGHYHORSD Cadwyn, CRT, :RUNZLWKWKHSXEOLFWUDQVSRUWVWDDQGFRPSDQLHVWRFR AONB strategy to reduce congestion IVCO3 PolART3 ordinate public transport to and from AONB access hubs. WCBC, DCC, Annual between honey-pots and with Cadwyn other centres of population. FCC
Prepare a Visitor Management Plan for the World Heritage Site AONB, WCBC, and consider ways to reduce congestion that will reduce the CRT Yr3 PolART1 LPSDFWRQUHVLGHQWVDQGLPSURYHWKHYLVLWRUH[SHULHQFH DCC ΖQYHVWLJDWHZD\VWRUHGXFH FRQJHVWLRQDURXQGNH\YLVLWRU IVCO4 ΖPSOHPHQWWKHVFKHPHIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDGGLWLRQDOFDU areas. PolART4 SDUNLQJDW/RJJHUKHDGVDQGLPSOHPHQWFDUSDUNLPSURYHPHQWV at AONB Cadwyn, DCC Yr2 7Ĺ0DZUFRXQWU\3DUN
Target information relating to WKH&RXQWU\VLGH&RGHEHKDYLRXU Collect and disseminate data on actual and potential users NRW, NFU, IVCO5 PolART1 AONB Yr3 DQGWKHLPSDFWRIYLVLWRUVRQ recreational needs and aspirations. FUW FRQVHUYDWLRQVWDWXVRINH\VLWHV DCC, FCC, PolART1 'HYHORSDQ$21%7RXULVP$PEDVVDGRUVFKHPH AONB Yr2 Assist tourism businesses to WCBC embrace the opportunities and IVCO6 responsibilities of being in a PolART1 3URYLGHVXSSRUWWREXVLQHVVJURXSVLQWKH&OZ\GLDQ5DQJHDQG DCC, FCC, protected area. 'HH9DOOH\DQGFRQWLQXHWRGHYHORSWKH6XVWDLQDEOH7RXULVP AONB Annual PolART3 )RUXPRIEXVLQHVVHVDQGRɝFHUV WCBC
Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | Iconic Visitor and Cultural Attractions | 111 The Offa’s Dyke National Trail and Promoted Routes
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale Continue a programme of Rights of Way LPSURYPHQWDFURVVWKH$21%WKURXJKWKHXVH 6HHNVDIHDQGFRQYHQLHQWDFFHVVIRUKRUVHVF\FOLVWVDQG RIWKH&RPPXQLW\PLOHVΖQLWLDWLYHDQGRWKHUDUHD ODPPRO1 PolART1 walkers when creating new routes in the AONB. AONB DCC RoW Yr2 DFFHVVLPSURYHPHQWZRUNIRFXVLQJRQLQFUHDVLQJ opportunities to access the countryside. 3URYLGHLQFUHDVHGRSSRUWXQLWLHVZKHUH &UHDWHGLJLWDOȴOHVRIDOOSURPRWHGURXWHVZLWKLQWKH DCC, FCC, appropriate for walking, cycling and horse riding ODPPRO2 PolART1 AONB and make them accessible on the web. AONB Yr2,3,4 in the AONB and promote these opportunities WCBC
Work with the Local Access Forums to ensure 3URYLGHVXSSRUWWRIDUPHUVDQGODQGRZQHUVLQGHDOLQJ FUW, NRW, DQHHFWLYHSDUWQHUVKLSZLWKDFFHVVXVHUVDQG ODPPRO3 PolART3 with recreational pressure. AONB Annual landowners. NFU Raise awareness of the acknowledged health and &RQWLQXHWRGHYHORSWKURXJKSDUWQHUVYROXQWHHUDQG ZHOOEHLQJEHQHȴWVSURYLGHGE\WKH$21%DQG HYHQWVSURJUDPPHDFWLYLWLHVWKDWHQFRXUDJHWKHXVH ODPPRO4 GHYHORSLQLWLDWLYHVSURPRWLQJSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\ PolART3 RIWKHFRXQWU\VLGH'HYHORSDQGSURPRWH+HDOWK:DONV AONB Annual particularly walking and cycling. DQG*UHHQ*\PVFORVHWR$21%VHWWOHPHQWV
(QVXUHOHDVWUHVWULFWLYHDFFHVVLVDSSOLHGRQDOO DCC, FCC, 8VLQJ6')DQGRWKHUIXQGVGHYHORSD PolART3 AONB Annual &RXQWU\VLGH*UDQWVFKHPHVWRVXSSRUWSURMHFWV promoted trails in the AONB WCBC, NRW ODPPRO5 which will maintain and enhance the most important boundaries in the AONB as well as &RQWLQXHWRSURYLGHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRU other Special Features PolART3 underrepresented groups to experience the special AONB NRW Annual qualities of the AONB.
7KURXJKWKH:DONLQJZLWK2DSURMHFWSURYLGHVXSSRUW ΖQYHVWLJDWHZD\VWRSURPRWHWKHWUDLOZLWKORFDO Cadwyn, to tourism businesses in order to ensure that they are WRXULVPEXVLQHVVHVDQGWRGHYHORSLQLWLDWLYHV ODPPRO6 PolART5 able to maximise the potential of the National Trail to AONB DCC, CRT, Annual that will strengthen business links. the economy of the area. WCBC Strengthen links between the Trail and nearby 7KURXJKWKH:DONLQJZLWK2DFURVVERUGHU Cadwyn, settlements and places of interest utilising collaboration project with other Protected Landscapes ODPPRO7 the wider Rights of Way Network and Public PolART5 work with business groups to increase awareness of AONB DCC, CRT, Annual Transport. WKH2DȇV'\NH3DWKDVDJDWHZD\WRWKH$21% WCBC &DUU\RXWHURVLRQFRQWUROPHDVXUHVRQWKH2DȇV'\NH 0RQLWRUHURVLRQLQNH\DUHDVDQGGHYHORSD National Trail at Cyrn y Brain, Egwyseg, Moel Famau programme of measures that will reduce the and the hillforts of the Clwydian Range in order to ODPPRO8 impact of the trail on the landscape by limiting PolART3 AONB NRW Yr2,3,4,5 reduce the impact of the trail on the landscape and width or depth of path as appropriate. FRQVHUYDWLRQIHDWXUHVRIWKHDUHD Produce an annual monitoring report for key sites such ΖGHQWLI\NH\LQGLFDWRUVLWHVWRPRQLWRUYLVLWRUXVHU DCC, NRW, DV7Ĺ0DZU&RXQWU\3DUN/RJJHUKHDGVDQG3HRSOH ODPPRO9 numbers within the AONB PolART5 AONB Annual Counter data for the trails in the AONB. DCC
112 | Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | People and Communities The Built Environment
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale
3UHSDUHJXLGHVIRUGHYHORSPHQWDWJDWHZD\ORFDWLRQVWRFRPSOHPHQWWKH PolCP1 AONB and strengthen local landscape character. Yr3
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Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | ACTION PLAN | The Built Environment | 113 People and Communities
Objectives Policy Ref Actions Lead Partners Timescale Support and promote appropriate social / community ownership and enterprise Cadwyn PolCP3 SURMHFWVDQGLQLWLDWLYHVVXFKDVȆ7KH3XEȇVWKH+XEȇZKLFKZLOOPDLQWDLQDQGLPSURYH AONB Annual DFFHVVWRORFDOIDFLOLWLHVDQGVHUYLFHV Clwyd AONB 5HVLVWGHYHORSPHQWSURSRVDOVWKDWLQYROYHWKHORVVRIFRPPXQLW\IDFLOLWLHVVXFKDV PolCP2 local shops and public houses. FCC,DCC, AONB Annual Help local WCBC communities to ΖGHQWLI\FXUUHQWEURDGEDQGSURYLVLRQDFURVVWKH$21%DQGZRUNZLWKFRPPXQLWLHV Cadwyn PCO1 retain and enhance PolCP2 DQGRWKHUDJHQFLHVWRVHFXUHWKHEHVWSRVVLEOHFRYHUDJHVSHHGRIVHUYLFHDGGUHVV AONB Yr3 access to essential EURDGEDQGȆQRWVSRWVȇDQGWRSURPRWHWKH:*6XSHUIDVW6FKHPH Clwyd FRPPXQLW\VHUYLFHV and facilities. 3URPRWHDSURȴWDEOHKLJKTXDOLW\ORFDOIRRGSURFHVVLQJHFRQRP\DVDZD\RI Cadwyn UHYLWDOLVLQJUXUDOLQFRPHV DQGWRUDLVLQJDZDUHQHVVDPRQJUHVLGHQWVEXVLQHVVHV PolCP3 DQGYLVLWRUVDERXWWKHEHQHȴWVWRWKHODQGVFDSHHFRQRP\DQGVRFLDOIDEULFRI Clwyd, Food Trail Annual purchasing locally sourced goods. AONB
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RV02 &RQWLQXHWRGHYHORSDSDUWQHUVKLSRINH\DJHQFLHVDQGERGLHVWRHQVXUHDQLQWHJUDWHGDQGODQGVFDSH approach to management. RV03 6XSSRUWDQGGHYHORSDODQGVFDSHVFDOHDSSURDFKWRDSURJUDPPHRILQYDVLYHVSHFLHVFRQWUROSDUWLFXODUO\LQ relation to Himalayan balsam. RV04 5DLVHDZDUHQHVVDPRQJVWWKHJHQHUDOSXEOLFDQGODQGRZQHUVPDQDJHUVRIWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHULYHUYDOOH\V IRUELRGLYHUVLW\ WHS03 7DNHVWHSVWROLPLWWKHLPSDFWYLVLWRUSUHVVXUHVRQWKHKLVWRULFLQWHJULW\DQGVHWWLQJRIWKH:RUOG+HULWDJHVLWH WHS05 Raise awareness of the importance of industrial sites and features within the planning and AONB. DFS02 (QVXUHWKHVWUXFWXUDOLQWHJULW\RIKLVWRULFGHIHQVLYHIHDWXUHVDQGHQVXUHWKDWLPSDFWVRIYLVLWRUSUHVVXUHLV minimised. 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LQC07 'HYHORSSDUWQHUVKLSVWKDWZLOOKHOSWRVWLPXODWHDZDUHQHVVRIDQGLQWHUHVWLQFXOWXUDOGLYHUVLW\ZLWKLQWKH AONB. HSA03 ΖQFUHDVHWKHSURȴOHRIWKH+LVWRULF(QYLURQPHQWWKURXJKHHFWLYHDQGFRQVLVWHQWLQWHUSUHWDWLRQDQG information. A Wales of SHF01 Raise awareness of the importance of small historic features within both the planning and highways A society that promotes and protects culture, HQYLURQPHQWVE\SURYLGLQJWUDLQLQJVHVVLRQVWRSURIHVVLRQDOV vibrant culture heritage and the Welsh language, and which SHF02 Encourage Communities to identify and map features within their communities on a standard database encourages people to participate in the arts, and and thriving which is compatible with the HER. sports and recreation. Welsh language SHF03 Encourage Communities to adopt these features and act as their champions by raising awareness within community councils and youth groups. PCO3 Foster a sense of place and local pride to secure social well-being. BE02 &RQVHUYHDQGHQKDQFHWKHFKDUDFWHUDQGORFDOGLVWLQFWLYHQHVVRIKLVWRULFYLOODJHVEXLOGLQJVDQGJDUGHQV within the AONB. A globally responsible Wales. A nation which, when GRLQJDQ\WKLQJWRLPSURYHWKHHFRQRPLFVRFLDO A globally HQYLURQPHQWDODQGFXOWXUDOZHOOEHLQJRI:DOHV LQC02 (QVXUHWKDWWKHLPSDFWVRIHQYLURQPHQWDOFKDQJHRQWKH$21%DUHXQGHUVWRRGDQGDVWUDWHJLFUHVSRQVHLV responsible takes account of whether doing such a thing may GHYHORSHGDQGLPSOHPHQWHG PDNHDSRVLWLYHFRQWULEXWLRQWRJOREDOZHOOEHLQJ WHS01 6HFXUHWKHLQWHJULW\RIWKHRXWVWDQGLQJXQLYHUVDOYDOXHVRIWKH:RUOG+HULWDJH6LWH Wales and the capacity to adapt to change (for example climate change). Management Plan 2014 - 2019 | APPENDIX | How the Plan is Delivering | 121