Songs by William Byrd in manuscripts at Harvard
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Citation Brett, Philip, and Thurston Dart. 1960. Songs by William Byrd in manuscripts at Harvard. Harvard Library Bulletin XIV (3), Autumn 1960: 343-365.
Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37363840
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URING the -firsthalf of the reign of Queen Elizabeth It 1nost of the secular vocal n1usic cornposcd in England ,vas in the f orn1 of the solo song accompanied by a trio or 9uartct of
viols. These con1positions arc generally jn five parts 1 the solo voice usua1Jy being a. boy's treble; thcjr subjects range f ro1n hun1orous pastorals to the tragic songs of Farrant or Parsons, ,vhich forrncd part of the dramatic entertainments presented by the fashion- able con1panics of choir-bo)r actors. As part of their n1usical training the more gifted of these boys ,vcre taught the viol, the lute, and the clavichord; in their dran1atic pcrforrnances the solo parts ,vould have been sung by the best voice jn the company- of ten portraying a fc1nalc role - and he ,vould have been ncco1npanied by four of his colleagues - perhaps senior boys \vhose voices had broken. A char111- ing picture of the don1estic perforrnancc of songs of this kind 1naybe se.en in the ,vell-kno,vn n1ural painted for the ,vido\v of Sir I-Ienry Unton jn about 1596, and no,v in the Nationa1 Portrait G·allcry, l..ron- don. A vjgorous painting by· an unkno,vn artjst, it depicts scenes f ron1 Sir Henry's life, and it has been reproduced n1any·ti1ncs - most re~ ccntly as the co1ored f rontispjccc to Sydney Deck's edition of i\1orley's f~i,st Book of Consort Lesrons.. 1 To the left of the banqueting scene in the center of the picture appears a little boy (,vith his back to lhe spcct~tor) singing to the acco1npaniment of a 9uartet of violst one of thcn1 p1ay·ed by Sir Henry Un ton himself. The style of all these songs is high 1)7 characteristic, and it has little in con1rnon ,vith tl1c sty]e of the n1orc italianate madrigal that hcc-a1ne so popu]ar to,vards the end of Elizabeth~sreign. Even during t11ereign of her successor, l(ing Jan1es, rhe !:ity-Ic hd d its o,vn against ever in- creasing opposition from the madrigal, in1pcrceptibl)r passing into the ne,vcr fashions of the verse anthetn and the song for a consort of fo11r or five voices ,vith four or five j11strnn1cnts, though ,vith these later dcvc1op111cnts,ve cannot he concerned in this sl1ort study. In t11et)rpi- cal Elizabethan song of this kind, the vio]s ,veavc 2 contrapuntal accon1-
;i. Nc,v Yorki 1959. 343
Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), 344 Harvard Librti ry n1I/le tin pnni1ncnt around the solo voice; this -accompanimentoften echoes and develops thc1ncs found in the vocal part~ though it rnaintains a con- siderable degree of independence. l11 the lighter song.~ there is often an instrumental prelude, rhythmic and rather ho1nophonic in style. So far ~.sthe part for solo voice js concerned~ the ,vords arc usually set· ,,,..ithone syllable to a note~ and there is little or no attempt at such 'n)adrigalisrns~as ,vord paintiug or chron1aticisn1. The voice part n1a)7 .son1etin1eshave heen ornan1entcd in perforn1ance. Thus nvo early sevcntccnth-ccntur y boo ks of lu t e~songs~ Christ Church, Oxford, i\1usic l\-1S4 39, and the Ro,vc Library·, IGng's College,. Can1bridge, l\-1S2~ include considerably ornan1entcd versions of t\VO :fine songs
origina Uy· con1posed for voice and vio]s: 'Pandolpho1 ' by Robert Par- sons, and 'This 1ncrry pleasant spring,' by an anonymous con1poscr. The cuhnination of this special style of cotnposition is found in the songs rtnd psalms of '''illia1n Byrd ( z543-162 3) .. It gave full scope to his great gifts for melody and his superb command of counterpoint; -an
Byrd's setting of 1L-a Yitginc:.llai\'tss .first published hy N3chofas Yonge in J.1usica
Trmisnlpina 1 I 588i ,vith English ,vords, and hence ~urn been refe.ried to as the first
printed F...nglish n1~drigai (Edmund H. Fel10,ves 1 1-Villi«nJ.Byrd, ind ed ., London, 1948, p. 146); Byrd inc:hnfoc.Ithe s~ttingt \\'ith d1E>, urigirml ltalbn ·word st in his I'.snhnes, Sonett, & Songr, published hcer in l 588. 'Tlfrs S\1i?eet and 1ncrry 1nonth of 1\-iay'first appeared in Thomas Vi7atson's lualian Ai~drigals Euglirbcd, r590.
1: ,,lhen the four vul11mts ,V'ctc uonght by 1-Icnry H llth from Qaaritch 1 accordhtg to the =.=innotat('.dI-Juth fan1~ly copy of 'rf:Jc Hutb Lih~·1t-ry(Lon~loni 1880), no,v in tho. possession of l\lilliam A. Jackson; the set is Jisted under 'Songs/ p. I 3 75. It ·was repurchased by Qu3ritch ~n tl1e Huth s~1c~July 1918, and bec~me the property of the Harvard Libr.S:1T in June 1917~
Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Songs by li7i/Jia1JJByrd in A1an11sc-riptsat Harvttrd 345 appear in t,vo similar sets of manuscripts 110\v in the British 1'1uscum (Egerton I\1SS 2009-r 2 and Add. l\1SS 29401-5) - an obsct\ration th~t ,vc. o,vcd in the -firstinstance to our friend, l\1.rJeremy Noble. Jn
these scts 1 as in the I.Jar,Tardset, the songs are anonyn1ou~;;in all three
scts1 many of the songs printed by· Byrd in his 1588J 1589, and 1611 coJlcctions~ ,vith ,vords underlaid to all the parts., appear as they· \Vere 'orig in a]1 y 1nade I or In strun1 en ts to exprcsse the h am1oni e, and on c. voyce to pronounce the dittict -to quote Byrd\: preface to the 1588 col lccrion. The 111an user ip ts th us provide in1port-ant cvi dence that, at ]east in son1e circles of n1usic lovers! songs ,vere still perforrned in this 111anncr,veil into the seventeenth century, despite the aln1ost over- ,vhcln1ing popularity· of the English n1adrigal and Jute-song~ Egerton 2 009- 1 2 sec1n s to be th c ca rJicst sc t) since its con ten ts reflect a 1a tc sixteenth-century taste; the 1-Iarvard set cannot be earlier than 1603, • since it contains n song con1n1en1orating the death of Queen Elizabeth; and Add. 2 940 1-5 must have been compjled after 161 2, sjncc theyr jncludc a song on the death of Prince Henry. Th-c earlier manuscripts incJudc some songs that Ily-rdpublished in his Songs, aud Son- nets, r61 I; evidently these ,verc con1posed and in circu1ation ~on1e years before Byrd sent his latest collection to the printer. Th c genera I sirn ila ri ties b en ye en th c nl anuscri pts arc not con fined to their contents alone. Egerton 2009-12 and Harvard A1us 30 arc nvo of a considerable number of surviving sets of part-books that all seen1to be the \Vork of one or t,vo professional copyists; British A1u- seum Add. 2940 r-5 belongs to -a similar series of books~though the hand is different. One of us (P .. B.) has so far identified t,vcnty-four .sets belonging to one or other of the groups., though son1c of these sets are no,v vcrJTincornplctc. In a fc,v manuscripts the t,vo hand\vritings occur side h Jr sid c, giving us 111ore con crcte c vidcncc of th cir in ti 1nate connection ,vi th one another th an 111crcl y th cir co1n1non rep ert ories or similar 1a ..yon ts . AJl tl1e books fron1 these sources ,vcrc orjginall)T of the snn1e f orma.t - a.n oblong oct~vo ,vith the exception of a 1nanuscript no,v in the Librar}r of the lloy·al College of ]\,Jusic(l\1S 2041) ,vhich is an oblong quarto. \\ 7hen the original bindings still exist, these prove to be either of leather stamped ,vith various devices (none of thetn heraldic), or else of vcllu1n~ of ten ,vith the title of the first itcn1 v?ritten on the outside.~ The contents of the sets are 1nost elegantly copied and laid ' The volumes at Harvard a r,c Jn con tcin po rary- calf~ Sti1 rnpci1] j n si1vcr and blind,
Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Harvard Library Bulletin out~ a given c.:ompositionappearing on the same folio in -all the part- books. \i\ 7hcn an index occurs~ thjs is usually to be found in the Bassus book alone. Composers~ na111esseldom appear.,but ,vhcn present (a~ in Tcnbury J\1SS 359-63 or Royal College of ?\1usic l\1S 2035) they arc ge ncral ly placcd at the head of t I1 e con1p ositi on s~in the Bassosbook only. Each page of the bool{scontains four hand-ruled five-line staves, \Vith 1nargins; the larger for1na.t of Roy·al College of l\1usic 2.041 has six staves to a page, and in Add. 29401-5 a space has been left for addi- tional verses to the songs~ In all the 1nanuscripts the hand,vriting of the verbal incipit -usua11y- the first three or four ,vords of the poem - is distinct from the hand used for the rc1nainder of the verbal text. This incipit seems to have been entered first, 2s n guide to the copyist or copy"ists ,vhosc duty .it \Vas to enter the verbal and musical texts, for th ere are scvcra l 1ns tan ccs of the vcr b al in ci pit appearing by itsclf on a page lacking both the 1nusic and the rest of the ,vords. In J\11S
4603 2 8 of the Folger Shakespeare Librar) 7 i these jncipits ::1rein roman
1c ttcrs i ,v hi lc the rest of the text ( as in all th c other n1anuscri p ts u nd c r consideration) _is in a good italian hand or h2nds.. The underla)r is never very· careful; ,vhcre ,vords have been added to parts originally d csign cd for instru 111c nts (as in Egtrt on 2 009~ 1 2), it i of ten in1 pos- siblc to .sing the1n. The contents of these sets of part-books differ considerably in detail and in general con1position, no t\vo sets being identical But they usu- al]y fa 11into certain , ve 11-d e fined catego ri es. Some .sets contain 1nass-
n1ovcn1 en ts, n1o tcts., In N omincs J and (more rarcly) fan tasi cs, by Eng- Jish con1posers f ron1 F ayr fax to Byrd..Others contain mass-moven1cnts ~nd motets by foreign con1posers; as usual, most of these arc ano11y- n1ol1s.,but concordances sho,v that they include Victoriat Lassusj Pales- trina, the Gabrielis,Crcqui1lon, Cle1nens non Papa, Jacob "\Taett Jacques Rcgnart l\ 1i ch el JJes bu isson s, Nico las G n n1herr, Agosri no Agazzar i, Orf eo Vecchi, R 11ggicro Giova nc]li~ Fran ccsco Biancardi, Hierouy- 111us Praetorius, and Alfonso Fcrrabosco I. In manuscripts belonging to this category there is ·usually·also so1ne rnusic by Byrd and 'T"allis. i\1otcts -are of ten given ,vith no ,vords beyond their incipit.s. Other sets of part-books contain I taljan madrigals and Itren r..:h r hanso n s again ,vith no ,vords bC)7 0nd their incipits.,and often ,vith no indication of the con1posee·s identity~ -among the cotnposers represented ate l\1a- the cover device a ,von1an's head \rithin a floreate frame; there are remnants of sl1kties.
Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Sf!1zgsby J.f1illiaut lly1d in 1\1.tnzuscriptsat Harvard 347 renzio, Pa11a.vicino,the: elder Ferrabosco., Croce,. Anerio~ Gioseffo Gua.mi., Orazio \Tccch(i Giulio Erernita, Gregor Aichioger, Hans ]...,eo I~a~sler, Crequillon, Corneille ,, crdonck, Claude le Jeune) and S,vee- linclc British l\luseun1 Add. 34050 contains versions ,vith English ,vords of t\vo madrigals by·F errabosco appearing earlier in the volun1e ,vith Italian incipits only .. Another category of 1nanuscripts has been dealt ,vith already; it consists almost exc]usive]y- of psalms and songs by· English cornposers, to English ,vords, a1nong the composers being the foreign~horn bnt English-resident Ferrabosco. A final group of part-books includes a selection fron1 all these varying types of n1usic. i'dany pieces recur n1any ti1nc.sthroughout these sets of parr~books, often at signature of one sharp is thcrcb) 7 introduced 1 \vhich suggests for this set a date not earlier thnn 1615 or so. A very sn1-all number of co pyj sts compiled a11 these n1anus cri pts. l\1ost of the hand"'Ti tings, indeed) fall into nvo groups: typical ex- an1plcs of the ,vork belonging to each are Egerton 2-009-11 (group A) and Add. 29401 ~5 (group B) 4 Pages from Harvard 1'1us 3o and Add. 29401-5, exemplify·iog group A and group B respectively,, arc sho,vn in Plates I and IL '''ithin these groups a further subdivision n1ay he made benveen the music hands (A 111, B1n) and the hands used for adding the continuations of the verbal texts (A ·w,,Dw). ]n group AJ the 1n11sicoften looks like the ,vork of t\vo different copyjsts ,vhose styles arc nevertheless very 5irnilar;in group B, notably in the Folger Librar) 7 set, the "\Yords arc in t,Yo hands, though once again these are very· sirniJar. In the ]~o]ger set, and in a fe,v other manuscripts (lloyal College of l\1usic 2 o 35 and 2 o 36, and Add. 41 r 56-8), sonte of the n1usic js in one of the hands Am,vhile the 1vords arc in one of the hands Ew·,thus cstablish1nga definite ]ink bet\vecn the t,vo groups of copy- ists. A fc,v of the n1anuscripts sho,v all the characterisrjc.:sof repertory, f orn1at, and layout aJrcady· mentioned, but belong to a third group of hand,vTitings (C) , The copyist of the nn1sic~ Cm.,used squarer notes than his coHeagucsAm and En\ and he forrned his c]efs differently; the 1 copyist of the ,vords, 0 {, had a ha.nd th-at is very sin1il-arto Bw, though not idcntica.1 \Vith it. A list of the sets is given at the end of this paper. A substantiaJ section of the repertory f0In1cd b)r, and shared atnong, Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), llarvard Library B11Uetin all these sets of part-books is to be found also in contcn\porary manu- script arrangen1~nts for the lute. Once again the manuscripts concerned forn1 an enclave~ for the)r are in ]talian tablaturc: aJl the other English manuscripts of lute-n1usic, and all the printed books, make use of French tablature. The 111anuscriptsin question contain no lutc-mllsic proper, and none of the pieces they include is anonymous. The first half of one book (Add. 31992.) is ahnost entirely devoted to the songs of Byrd. It is one of the most irnportnnt and reliable sources for attributing to hin1 1112ny of the anonymous songs found in the sets of part-books un sources, identifications 1 or concordances may 1nodify this vie,v. Byrd Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Sougs by lf 7 i!lict111BJ 1rd in A1rn1uscriptsat Harvard 349 hi mself is re presented by· dozens of his .finest pieces. S0111c ofhis music has been identified in nearly· every· n1an11script;Tenbury 369-73 are almost entirely devoted to his ,vorkst including 1nost of the five-part motets fro1n the first book of Grndualin,1605. ,,,e have no doubt that the copyists ,vcrc in close touch ,vith hi1n,and that tl1ey·included many of his ,vorks in their book~ years before these appeared in printed cot- lcctions. Dut even though the copyists evidently had access to a great a1nount of his music, thC)7 ,vcrc no more exact in their ,vork than any other musicians of the time. Although the part-books are c]ear and often beautiflll to ]ook at, they arc anything but faultless; perhaps these sets ,vcre an1ong the '1nany untrue incorrected coppies of c; F.rom the dedication to Sir Christopher Hattonj Psal111es~Sonets 1 & So·ngs, 1588. Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), 35° I-Inrvnrd Library R11lleti11 considerably fron1 those printed in ByrdJs O\Vn collections~ in ,vhich the viol parts have been adapted so that the) 7 n1a) 7 be sung. The copy- ists scc1n to have 111:idctheir (nvn atten1pts at adaptations of this kind., for although most of the songs \Vere clearlJr co1nposedin the first in- stance for a single voice ,vith four accon1panyingviols,. n1any of thc111 app ear in the 1nanuscripts ,vith ,vords underlaid to tlvo or even three of the parts. This 111isledthe late Edn1und H. Fello,vcs into printing son1e ofthem in his B)rrd edition as curjous hybrids for t\vo voices and three viot~~ say, or for three voices and nvo viols.6 Of ten, too, the underlaid rart.s do not include the original 'first singing part.t Though this ,,,.as often the Quintus (see Byrdts l 588 collection), in Harvard l\1us 30 the Quintus i.~rarely underlaid ,vith ,vords1 and the full text of the song js son1etimcs given to another part - a part that Byrd had originally intended to he instrun1ental. Since the texts of the majority of songs do not appear at all in the Harvard set as it is no,v, the)7 ,vere presumably to be fou11din the 1nissingCantus v0Ju1ne;since the Bassus pa.rt is sotnetirncs undcr]aid ,vitl1 ,vords, the set ,vas obviously n1adc to order for a group including t,vo accon1p1ishcdsingers, a treble and a bass., T,velve of the songs ju the set have ,vords in the Bassus part only (though the) 7 do not appear to have been composed ju_ the :first instance for such an unusual con1bination)., and 2 con1pariso11 of ·the bass of the caro] "Out of the orient crystal skjes' (Harvard 1'1us 30., fol 46r) ,vith the versions found in Egerton 2.009-12 and Add., 2940 I-5 sho,vs that the Harvard version 1nust have been espccinlly arranged for singing, even though the ,vords \Vere never added to the Bassus part. In all these manuscripts the adaptation of the parts so that thc)r could be sung leads to inf elicitics in the musical phrasings, as Yvcllas clums)r ,vord-sctting., It is seldo1ndifficult, the~cfore, to de- tcr1ninc ,vhich of the- five parts ,vas originally con1poscd for a solo voice and ,vhich of them ,vcrc assigned to vio]s. Even in his o\vn-cdi- tion of 1588t ,vith ,,·ords underlaid to a11 the parts, Byrd could not avoid a,vk,vardness in certain passages; sn1all ,vonder 1 then,. that the copyjsrs did not find it easy~ As a result of analyses of this kind, by the ,va)r; ,vc feel certain thnt sonic of the songs appcarjng in these sets (for instance, 'O s,veet deceit' and '\''hat vailcth ie) ,vcrc originally composed for a quintet of voices., Stylisticnlly~ such polyphonic songs are far ren1oved fron1 the 1norc up-to-date technique adopte~ by the I) T/Je Collected V ocnl JVorks of TVillian, RyTd, ed. Edniund 1-I. 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MS MS -..-..~ -..-..~ p p • • • Goa,,J Goa,,J ,.. ,.. .._ .._ ______ . . . - . ~,u,WCo ~,u,WCo i/J i/J • • • • ADD. ADD. ~- ,. ,. _ _ I) I) ,_ ,_ ., ., I I ~a;r#i. ~a;r#i. ___...... ___. . . .. .. art: art: ~=-~ ~=-~ : : --· --· _ _ ?-1 ?-1 --·-:>----=-J.-,...... - --;- £~~~,:,m,n~~J.fo~m?. £~~~,:,m,n~~J.fo~m?. • • _ _ _ _ . . MUSEUl\t MUSEUl\t o o " " .. .. ....,__.....,___...... ,__.....,___.. = = -- . . . . _l._ _l._ t t r r ,._ ,._ _ _ MH11ll} MH11ll} --- w w fmo11J fmo11J A A _ _ _ .- • • · · .. _ _ .. IL IL -- • • __ __ "~ "~ BlUTISH BlUTISH • • ~, ~, - .. .. . . .. .. -----r--. -----r--. _._ _._ .. .. fftt. fftt. • • -.....,____ -.....,____ == == - -··- •- .. .. • rq!! rq!! m m __ __ __ __ . . ·. ·. __'II __'II ...... a. a. ...... n.r~ n.r~ ______..,______..,___ ._ ._ ·: ·: ·- -- ______ lv£Jl lv£Jl ~~____ ~~____ 1-- ' ' -~ -~ ,,,"'" ,,,"'" ~- . . - - , , - . . • • ~«-J~atet- ---· ---· -1.S -1.S ______ -~--:,r -~--:,r ~H, - I I . . --~- - _ _ ---- - .. .. . . ...... ~L ~L - I- .,_ . . - . ------ ---~ ---~ - q;fe q;fe 6 6 ---· ---· ---- . . J-~ J-~ · · ·-- ---.-+-~ ---.-+-~ . ~;,,'N ~;,,'N ·· J"w~ J"w~ ·-· ·-· .. "" "" ' ' • • ' ' pr pr -14.,~ -14.,~ . . .. .. ~- -- ,~ ,~ .. .. .. · · II II -, -, ...... , , -----:: -----:: ------.-----1------~ ------.-----1------~ .~)qc .~)qc ,~·, ,~·, . . 1; 1; • • ' ' ~,;,c£ ~,;,c£ :i :i ~- _ _ - -+-,1---.- : : ...... .. .. · · - · · ...... . . : : --, --, ·. ·. ~4 ~4 • • ;: ;: - • • t------,-, ...... : : : : i i [ [ I I I , , • : : Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Sougs by lf 1illhnnByrd iu Manuscriptsat H aPvnrd 35 1 Eug]ish madrigal cornposers. F ron1 the 1ist of contents-of the Harvard set printed at the end of this paper, the 1~eader,vjll sec that no Jess than fifty-eight of the pieces can be ascribed unhesitatingly to "\\7il- liam Byrd. T,vo of the ren1aining pieces consist of the first -andsecond sections of a single song, 'lVly rnystres.,'the ,vurds of ,vhich are under- laid to the Dassus part4 '"'c arc left ,vith .seven anonymous con1posi- tions, all of then1 lacking their Cantus part and jdentified on1y hy· verba] jncipits. Fortunately the missing n1usjc can be recovered from concordances ,vith Add~ 29401~5, and this set also provides the n1iss~ ing \vords for siK out of the ~even pieces. For one song alone are the ,vords still tnissing: the piece called '\\ 111ere the Illynd' occurs both in the I-Iarvan::1set and jn Add. 2.9401-5~ but in none of the part~hooks is the poetic text extended beyond these three vlords. The six re~ covered po e n1s sh o,v that they , vcre mo ra] J to pica 1 or el cgiac son gs; their h on1cspun charm 1svery· attractive. ,,,e have thought fit to conclude our article hy~printing nine un- published poen1sassociated ,vith tl1e 1-Iarv-ardset .. Eight of these (1niss- ing fron1 the I·Iarvurd set) have been recovered from sources in the British l\1useu1n; the ninth~ 'J'1y 111ystrcs/ js found in the I-Inrvard Bqs~ sus book. 'The noble fan1ous Queene' is an alternative poe1n to Byrd's song 'Y\ThilcPhocbus.' 'Itcioycc Ynto y·cLord' j,5the oniy song ascribed to Byrd ju Add .. 3 1992 that I1e1lo,ves omitted to publish in the Col~ lected J7 ocnl lf7 orks perhaps because he n1istook the tablaturc for a transcription of the chorus to the carol 'From Virgin>s,von1b' ( 1589, No. 24), ,vhich begins ,vith the ,vords 1llejoicc, rcjoicc4~ The sets not at Harvard also include 1nany other unpublished verses. Thus Egerton 2009-12 include 1nany songs dealing ,vith such histori- cal nJattcrs as the death of Henr}r VI, the fall of 1~hon1asCrom,vc11, and the Jives of Richard II and of Lad)r Jane Grey; uH of these songs arc likely to have bad something to do \vit11 the Elizabethan theatre \vhen they· ,vere first composed. These verses and also the complete n1usical texts of the Harvard part-books ,ve hope to publish at a future date. ,,re hopt\ too, that one of our rcader.s n1ay be ah]e to supp1y the rest of the \Vords for ~"\i\Therethe Blynd.' Jn the transcriptions th2t follo,v, the ,vords of the first song are {ro1n I-Iarvard l\.fus 301 those of the rc1naining songs fron1 British h..Juseun1Add. z9401-5. AH titles are frotn the Bassus part jn the Iu!ar- vard sec llunctuation has been supp}ied, and capitalization standard- ized for the first ,vord of each line. Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), . ..:. 352 H ar·vnrd Library Bulletin 1. Aly ,nystres (Harvard l\1us3ot foL 22v: Vi/ords in Bassus only) 1 1 Thjs song, in t\vo sections (the second beginning at But out alas ), d ea1s ,vith one of the n1any adven turcs that a·dde d cxcite1ncn t to the not 11neventful life of Lady Penelope Rich; her affairs provided material for endless gossipat the time, and she ,vas a near neighbor of By-rddur- ing his residence in Essex. \Ve think the song is likely to have been com posed by hirn; it is certainly ,vorthy of him. I ts first modern per- forn1ancc took place a.t the l\1uscun1 of Fine Arts, Boston, in January I 955. Fol. 22v (Basso~) is reproduced in Plate l. My mystres had A lytil dog '~'hosc. n atnc. ,vas prctic royall, \:\,ho neyther hunted sheep nor hog But ,vas ,vrhou t deny~ il A tu1nblcr fine, that 111ightbe .scene To "\Vayte vppon a f ayryc queen. V ppon his 1n istres he \vould .,va ytc In curtuou s ,vise & hum blc; & ,vtb his craft & £alee deceits" ,,rhcn she ,vould hauc hyn1 tutnblc, 0 f conyes in ye pleasant pryme I-Ie ,vould ky 11t,ven tie at n tyme. The goddcs ,vch Djana hight Among hir beagles dayntie I-lad not n hound 1nore faire & ,vhight, Nor shaped ,vth such bc,vcic; & yet his be,vtie ,vas not such But h1s conditions ,vcrc as richc. Rut out alas, Ilo spcakc no rnoreJ , My hart ,v-th greefe doth shake: This prcty dog ,vns ,vounded sore Eucn for his n1ystrcs sake. A beastly man or manly hea.st J{noct out his brayns and so J rest. A tryall royall; royall 1 A tryal1! Oyesl Ye ho,vn d s & beagles a II, If ye sat in Apjllcton hall Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Songs by lVillia111Byrd in Manuscripts rrtHarvard 3 5 3 '''ou1d you __not iudg yt out of doute Tyburne \Verfittfor su~h a lout? z. Rejayce (I..Jarvard l\1us 3 o, fol. 2 6v: no ,vords) This song ,vas presurn ab Ir con1pos ed for Accession Day, 1 5 8 6, -and is likely to have been sung before the Queen on that occasion. The rab1ature version in Add. 31992 sho,vs that this is by Byrd - a con- clusion reinforced by the highly characteristic setting of the ,vord 'Amen,' and by the sin1i]arlymoralizing nature of many of the homely verses he set in his printed song-books. Rei oyce vnto ye Lord wth mirth, W ch vs fro f orreyn fcares Preserucd hath in Quiet state These eight & hventye ycarcs. An1cnt · The mercyes of ye Lord or god Pourd downc vp5 this Land Doth far surmount in Quantitye Ye number of ye sand; So yt ye pc opl c lsracll Did ncuer feele nor see More certayne tokens of gods lone In thci r d cliu eryc Then \Ve of England, '\\Thoy·e Lord Ha th blc.~t th csc n1an y ye res Through his handmayd Eltzabeth In peace fro forrayne feares; '''hcras ye natyons on each side Wth trobl es a re besett, Deuoyd of peace & quietness, & Jiuc in terrors great. 34 TVretcbedAlbinus (Harvard 1\fus30, fol. 30v: no ,vords) '''ith tl1is song ,vc .seern to 1nove onto n1ore disputable ground; though \Ve 11-avenot yet succeeded in tracing any contcn1porary refer- ence to the qnasi-1nythologicalnan1c 'Albinus,' those ,vho ,vishe Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), 3 54 Harvard Library -'Bulletin Queen ill could hardly hav-cfailed to identify him ,vith the luckless Earl of F___ssex,,vhosc -atten1pt at rebellion in r6oo cost hin1 his head. This 1nay·, or 1nay not, have been the connotation intended by the composer, and the song 1nay date fron1 after 1603. "\:\1retchcd Albinusj thra]l to heavy happ. I-Jo,v could y~estarrcs such angry fate affoord~ Didst thou not l~yccuen no,v on pleasures Lapp & had s,veet forn1ne chayned to thy ,vord? 1-Io,vcon1es yt then on good Euill should nttend, And thut a secly ,vo1nun,vorks thync end? 4. Content is l~ytcb (Hanrard i\111s30, fol. 35v: no ,vords) The arbitrary capitalir,ation of the ,vord 'R ytcl1J (Harvard) or 'Ritch' (British l\1useum) dra\v,s attention to it in a ,vay that recal]s the punning use of the same ,vor.d in the first poen1printed above. The song n1ay-have been con1posed for the circle of friends and admirers of Penelope Rich. It js hard to believe that Byrd's very expcrin1ental setting of the hexan1etric 'Con~tant Penelope sends to thee, careless U1ysses' ( 1 588, No. 2 3; translated from O·vid's Epistle of P~nelope to Ulysses) can have been composed for any other group, ,vith its artj- ficial ~first singing part' in ,vhich a long syllab]e is .set to a long note 2nd a short syllable to note of l1alf the Iength~ Byrd also co1nposcd t\VO elegies on the death of Sir Philip Sidney~ and he set several of Sidney's pocins. These considerations., as \vcll as others dependent on musical style., incline us to ~elieve that this is another ,vork f ron1 the J~]arvard hooks that should be attributed to Byrd. The sententious poc1n~ in n1ctcr., 1noodl and turn of phrase, closely rcsc1nblcs that set to 1nusic by Byrd aS'Xo. 11 of his 1588 col1cction: 'I joy not in no earthl)r bliss,' attributed to Sir Ed,vard Dyer, ,virh its last line 'No ,vealth is 1ikcthe quiet 1nind.' 7 Content j5 Ritch; but ,vho ys he \ 7pon ye earth that lines Content? Fron1 high estate to Lo,v· Degree, Ther all proclayn1de,vith one consent That he ,vho J1ath,vt hart can ,vish Hath not Content seru ']'See Edmund H. FeHow·es, ed., E,iglirb Afadrigal Verse 1s88~,632., 2.nd ed. (Ox- ford~ l9-i9)t p. 3,4. Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Songs hy li1illin1nByrd in 1}1anuscriptsat Harvard 3 5 5 The poorc yt holds ye toyling plought The Rich yt sayles jnto ye Inde 1 The prince to ,vhoni ye nobles bo,vt The Louer in his pl casurcs shryn d c: I askt thc1n al]1 and none could tell "\1/here s,v ee t Content do th vsc to d ,v ell. In youth I thought to find ye san1c About ye Chay-re ,vhere princes sitt; And no":r-in age I blush for sha1nc To think I had soe little ,vvtt,/ To seeke in Court for such a thing As hardly ys granted to the king. By chance I n1ett a Father old ,~vith a Large pouch ha.rd by his syde; l thought a,nongst his hoitrdcd go]d Content to d ,vell ,vas not den yd e; And \vhen I askte hym for Contentt J-le snyd he kneYvnot ,vhat yt meant. ,~Thennothing could 1ny fancy please At Last I fell into a Dreamc: j\il e thought I sa \V vpon th c Seas A ship yt sayl' de against ye strean1e . ...~nd soc doc they yt secke to .finde Content hnt in a Quiett i\1ynd. 5. Tbe noble f nn,our Queene (Harvard lvlus 3o, f oL 41r! no ,vords) This song is found in tlvo ~eparatc sources ,vith ,vords beginning ''''hile Phochus used to d\velP ( or 'l\'hen Phoebus .... '), and jt has been printed froin one of these sources jn Felloyves' edition of Ilyrd)s \Vorks.8 But the title of the piece in the I-I,arvard part-books agrees ,vjtl1 the verse found associated ,vith the s2111e 111usicin Add. 29401-5: this comn1e1norntcs the execution of A1ary·Queen of Scots in 1587 - a. n1ost 1111,visetopic to enlarge upon in Queen Elizabeth's hearing~ and there can be little doubt that the song ,vas originally conlposed by ByTdto these ,vords 1 ,vith an innocuous poen1 substituted for ,vjder circulation .. The Noble famo11sQucencj lVho lost hir head of Lare, B Cullected Vocal TVotks, xv·~135 .. Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), H ar,..r.1ard J_,i br ary Bu l }etin Doth .she,vyt kings a~well as Clownes Are bound to f orrnn cs fate, And that noc earthly prince Can soe secure his cro\vn c But fortune ,vith hir ,vhyrling ,vhcelc Hath po,ver to pull the do,vnc. Once again the topic of fortune,s n1utability is one that Byrd has used clsc\Vhere., though not in so d an gcrou s a con text. Fol. 28v of Add4 29401 is reproduced in Plate IL 6. /11A11gels weede (Harvard .i\-1ns30, fol. 41v: no ,vords) . This song im1nedi a rely f ollo,vs No. 5 in th c Harvard part-books~ and it deals ,vith the same subject - j\1ar)7 JS execution by Elizabeth. But ,vhcreas in No. 5 the subject ,vas glossed,vith. a pious moralt in the present song one is ]eft in no dollht as to the syn1pathiesof the ,vrirer - andt by jnference, perhaps also of the composer or his patron. In Angells\Veede l s::1\v::1 noble Queene Abouc the Skycs1 in Sphcarc of Christall bright> \~lho he a.re on earth not long before ,vas seen e 0£ diuerse haynous crymes to be jndyte, By false suspect nnd Jelousie of those ,~ 7ho1n £care had ,vrought to be hir morcall foes. The con1poscr re1nains uni dentificd, but th c Sl:)7 lc of the n1 usic oncc again points to Byrd. 7. I t!Jntsou1tyn1e (Harvard fi.1us30,, fol. 42r: no ,vords) Thjs song in1111ediatelyf ollo,vs No. 6 in the Harvard part-books., but the subject is ·quite different; it is an elegy on the death of Queen E]izabeth herself. The concordances for No. 5 sho,v rhat it 1nust have bee·n composed soon after l\1ary>s cxecu tion; but the ,vords of the present song suggest that like its neighbor., No. 6, it n1ay ,vell have Leen con1posed after the accession of King James. The Harvard part- 1loo ks ,vere certainly con1p i1 e d d nri ng his rei gn 1 and the same j s true of Add. 2940r ...... 5; both sets include the ,vords of 1The noble f.an1ous Q uccn c,' ,r.7 hi le the con co rd ant son rces of th is song listed in our tab le at the end of this paper have the harn1less substihltc verses, and ,vcre co~ pil cd ,v hen Elizabeth \"vassti 11 alive. The point , v ell ilh1strates Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), S011gsby lf 1illia-,nByrd i11 Manuscriptsat Harvard 3 5 7 the difficulties and obscurities encountered in trying to establish the true chronology of these songs, and of By-rd,sn1usic in general. I that son1ctin1c,a sacred j\{aydcn Qneene, D i A1ypoinpci my pride,.Jny ioycs, n11~pleasures great, Arc dy1n1n'd, alas1 a11,vyth a sable Clo,vdc; A1y Carcase fray le the seely ,vormes doe eatei Eucn nt ,vhose beck the 1nightyePrinces bo,v~d: Lo,v h care I Lyc1 as G oId , vyrh tJ'm c do th rust, A Princes great, my Leautye turnd to Dust. This putrn, ,vjth its strong clcn1cnts of alliteration, is a good instance of the rather old-fashioned nature of most of the poerns be]onging to this repertory of son gs ,vi th viol acco n1pa ni1nen t; it is in sharp contrast ,vith th c veryTi ta]i a na tc 1y rics choscn by the Eng 1ish 1n2dr igaiists in the years around 16034 8. Trutb tr11tb (Harvard l\1us 30, fol. 45v: no ,vords) Another sententious vc rse, , v j th 11ot hin g to indicate a possible date of composition. The n1usicalstyle of its setting .is once again indis- tinguishable from that of Byrd, and the setting includes one or r,,,o of his fingerprints - notably an un prep-ar~d dominant seventh at the fin al cadence. Tn1th at the first ,vas naked bornel By Poets faynde a virgjn brjght; And they that seeke hir to Adorne Dae stnyne this Ladies Red & ,vhyte; For ail the coulors ju the Ayre, Are not as truth y.s,naked, fayre. 9. Out of ,yeorient (Harvard, l\1us 30~f oL 46r; no ,vords) This is the next-to-last con1posidon jn the part-books. It is a n1ost exqui8itc caro11 no less lovely than Byrd's 'From \Tirgin,s ,vomb' (Nos. 35 and 24 of his 1589 .set) or his 'An earthly tree' (Nos. 40 and 2-5 Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), _Hnrvnrd J_,ibra:ryBulletin of the sa111e.set), and \Ye have no hesitation in ascribing it to hin1.gThe ,vords are far removed fron1the ambiguities of songs commen1orating such perso·nages a.s Edmund Can1pion (Harvard i\1t1s3ot fol. 5v) t rvlary·Tudor (foL 19v),. or 1\1aryQueen of Scots, and its message is universal; ,vhcreas men like Sidney (fol. 5r) and Tallis (f oL 9v) even the great Queen herse]f -,vere hound by the connnon la,vs of Il10It3lity. Out of ye orient Chrisroll skies A blazing starre did shyne, Shc\vlng ye place ,vhere poorely Lyes A blessed hahc dcvinc. Borne of n mnyd of RoynHblood '''ho f\.1aryhight by n2n1ci A sacred Rose ,vhich once djd b11dd By grace of heavenly-fl~tne. This shyning starre three kings did guide Euen from ye furthest East To Bcthlchen1, ,vhcrc yt hetydc This blessed babe did rest, Layd in A silly n1anger11oore llenvjxt an oxc & As.s.c; \iVho these three Idngs did all adore, As gods high plensure,vns+ &t for ynJoy of his great byrth, A t hot1sandAngclls sing ~G]oryc & peace vnto ye earth 1 ,\ 1her born ys this nc,v king/ The shcppcrds d,vc]ling therabout \,,hen they this n e,vcs did k no,v Came singing all, euen inn route, 'F alan ti din gdi do i fa lan ti dingd ido. ' PHILIP BREIT 1"'nuRs1·0NDART A transcription for voice and key board h-a.sb c::en puhli~h cd by Sta in er & lleH (S & B 5488). Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Songs hy T11illia111Byrd in A1anuscriptsat Harvard 3 5 9 I ..rTST OF CoNTENTS OF I-IARV A RD l\1S i\1us 30 Colun1n I: folco number jn I-Iar,Tard!vIS 1\1us 30 II: title, frorn the Il~.8suspnrt 1 supplcn1cntcd ,,,hen necessary from pri [l tc d cd itlon and first m :1nu scd pt ]isted III: composer I\!: pr j ntcd edition V: folio number (modern) 10 in Brjcish 1Vluscun1Add I\·1SS29401-5 \TI: I oiio n un1ber (orig~na l) in llrkhh 1\1 u scun1 E;gcrton l\·fSS i o 09t 20 I l 20 l 2. \rII ! folio n un1 b er ( orj ginal) in Bri tis l l l\1u seumEgerton NIS 2 o 1o 11 VIII: fo]io number (n1odern) in British lVluscutn Add. l\:1S3199i IX: other sources (,vith folio numbers unless other\visc stated) l(cy to IV 1588 Psahnes,Sonets1 & Songr of Sad11es and Pietie 4 4 • of Fiue Parts . . • By JVi J liavt By rd (London, Tl totnas East1 158 8) 1589 Songs of Sundrie Natures 1 Sovie of Grauitie, and Others of Myrth •.. of 3. 4. 5. aud 6. Parts 4 4 • By Willia,Jl Byrd (London1 Thomas ·East~ 158 9) 1ti11 P.m.Jnies~Songs! and S01n1ets . . of 3. 4L 5. and 6~ Pnrtr ... by JVilliaut Hy-rd (Londont Thomas Snodhan11 161 1) XI The Collected Vocal Works of Willi,nn Byrdt ed. Edmund H. F~llo,ves] XI (Londont 1948) XV Tbe Collected V ocnl Works, XV ( 1948) XVI Tbe Collected Vocal Work.r 1 XVI (1948) Key-to Co] u n1n IX 369 1--cnbury, St T\1ichaersCollege: 1\1SS369-7 3 5 part-bookst containing motets and a. song by Byrd, and a few :i~ The folio numbers in columns \r, \1'"1,VIT 1 and \ 7III agree ,vith those in Cata- logue of Afanurcript Afusit 111the 11ritirb A1usezun,comp. Augustus I-Iughes-Hughes, 3 vol~. (London~ 1906-o9 ). 11. This Altus part-hook orjginally belonged to another .set, othcr,vjse nu,v Jost, similar jn content to th at represented by Egerton 2. 009~ 2 o ! 1, 1 o 1 1; th us the man u- scr ipts kno,vn as Egerton ioog--1 i are four snr\'ivors out of ten origjnals (not 1 as their numb er jng ,voul d suggest, four out of five) Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), 3 60 Harvard Library Billletiu n1otets by the elder Ferraboso:-l1 Tyei and Des Tiuissonsi tho11gh no com pos;crsi na n1es arc n1cnti oncd. \\r ri ttcn in the hands. of Group A. Ca. 1605. 423 Oxford, Ilodleian J_,ibmry:MS Mu~. Sch. c. 423 A Contr:1tenor containing n1otets, In Nominesi songs~ etc.J by Tudor composers. £\fter I 581. 1"'he initials 'I. P/ appear on the cover~ 984 0 xf ord1 Christ Chu re h: J\1SS 9 84-8 5 pa rt-books~ containing mo tcts, so a gs, 1n N omines 1 ctc.:t hy Tudor con1poscrs. Written f ron1 158 i on,vards. Belonged to Robert D o,v. 1469 'T'cnbury:t St Michael's CoBcgc; !\1SS i 469-71 3 part-hooks ( 1a ck.ing Quintus and Tenor) :t con ta1rung in asses~ magnificats, n1otcts 1 psalms, and songs by Tudor composers and La.ssusith on gh no com posers, names app ear. ,,rri ttcn in the hands of Group A. Ca. 1600. Sec Tudor Cburcb A1usic: AppendixJ by Edmund H. Fello,vcs (London, 1948). z 04-1 London:t Rn yal College of l\1u~i r.:: MS 2041 (at the British 1\1u seu m) A 111cd ius vol utn el proba I11 y f ron1 u set of eight part-booliSi con- t1 inin g n1ass-1novcn1cnts :and 1notcts by Byrd, Tallis, \'ictoria, and others., and also songs by IlyrdJ though composers,. nan1es do not appear. "-' ritten in the hands of Group A. Early seven- teenth century. 18936 I ..ondon~ British i\1t1senm Add~ 18936----9 4 p:art-books ( lo.ckin g Contra tenor), containing mo tets 1 m:a~~esi songs, etc.~ by Victoria~ By rd :t Ferra bo sco, and otl 1ers. After 1610 .. 2 924 7 London., British 1'1uscun1: Add. !vlS 2 924 7 A coHection of arrangen1ent.s for lute in Italian tablature~ onut- ting the Cantos part. Written in the same hand as A. T ransposi tio ns fro tn the pitch of Mus 3o arc s1 lo, vn in the following manner; +4 = n fourth higher" - 1 a tone lo,ver1 and so on. 1\7 \7 \TI v·111 ·1x -I II Ill - VII Jr Euen from the [Byid] 1588No, 10 18v srv 8r 984/No. 96 depth +4 2.04c/30v 2.9:247/3r lV l\'ly rnlnlle to me [Byrd] 1588 No. 14 5rv : 13v 4i 3_1No. 37 984/No. r 18 Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Songsby Tf7illian1Byrd in lvtanuscriptsat Hnr·vard 3 61 I II III J\i' ,, I ,,1 ,711 \11II lX 2r \ Vho likes to ]oue [Byrd] 1588 No. l3 I I'\" 4:2.3/No.35 9484/NO. I I 9 iv An aged d 1n1c [Ryrd] XV P· 77 12 ''{ 4v 3r Syth [~nee th~ t] [Byrd] XV p. us 37v ;v death +1 +1 4I 0 Lord ho,v vaync [Ilyrd] XVp. 40 27v 6r 423/No. r9 [anon.] 9B4/No.117 4v 0 that ·wee [ '-"Vocful [Ryrd] XVp. 48 I IV 5'IV 7r 42-3/J\;O+ll ,vr-ctchcs] [anon~] 5:r Coin to me grief e u [IlyrdJ 1588 No~ 34 13v 51v 16r 984/No. 62 io41/19r ,I . SY ,\lh y doe I vsc 1~ [Eyrd] 1588No.33 42v 53v 19v 41,/No. 13 984/No, 67 1469/44v :io41/i9v 6'V" Lu1laby tByr 7r fL.1yne eyes [Byrd] 1588 No. 2 Br 1041/3ov -i9i47/76r 7v 0 god gcuc care [Ilyrd] r588 No. 1 l~V 54v 7v i9i.47/4 7v +4 8v H u\v long shal 1 [Byrd] XI p. 12 984/N o. 60 t• n1yn e enemye.s 9v Ye s:1ere d A-1uses [Byrd] X\7 P· i41 17v 15v +4 +4 (inc.) - ' JOV lVhat scepps [Byrd] X\' p. 130 10V 1 JV lvly f redon1e fllvrd] X\T p. 102 20V r • 11r Const.int Pend ope [Byrd] 1588 No. i.3 3Bv 423/]\lo. 4 19147/l9V ,~For Sir Phjlip Sidney~ died 1586. 1~ For Edmund Campion~ Jcsuit, executed 1581. H See Fello,ves 1 TVilli,nn Byrd, p. 141+ H For l~homas Tallis! djed 1585, Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Harvard f_Jbrary Bulletin I II Ill IV \T l ·v1 VII \TIU lX ., . I l \'" La virgincl la [Ilyrd] 1588 No. 24 14r J.IJ jO'V 201· 423~0. 4i 9 84/J\T0+ fl8 13v Remember lord [Byrd] XVp. 52 39r i9:i47/ 17,T 14v lVhat plea~ure [fiyrd] 1588 No. 19 9'-'" 57r 33r 19:z.47/33r +·4, I : o ]onl [Ilyrd] 1588 No. 2-7 3 ir. _984/No. 95 15r Prostrate ' 19247/Jr 15v A 11'ls a .sea [Byrd] 1588 No. 18 IOV 57v 34r 10.4-1/3-or +4 t924 7/24v r6r r\.n16it• ous Joue [Ilyrd] 1588 No. 18 5Y 58v 33r z9247/24r +4 16v [Sc cun d a pars] [Byrd] r58S No. 18 6v 59r 33r 29247/l4r Proccdc then +4 17r 0 J ..ord [bo,v [B}'rd] x,r P· 31 z6v 5v do~:vn] 17\T 0 s\"1iteete deceite [Byrd] X\71 p. ~4 15v 47v 2041/32.r 29247/77r 18v [Secunda fNlrs] [Byrd] x,,1 P· 39 16v 48v l-04l/3 2V Like Ha rpias vile i9 247/77r 19v Cro,v n e d ,1.~ith · [By.rd] x,, P· i47 lJV 44''" 22V 189~6/4-Sv flowers & lyllycs :i.T & 30v (Crow·ncd Vli th sta rres} 20V Secu n 1] '\-"' Crovn1cd "'i th [By:rdJ r6I I No. l2 43v 2041/31r flo,vcrs l sa,v f iirc i9i47/76r Atna rill is f111u,dcIn Quintus n.ndBassus otilyJ 1.1-V /\1y m ystres l.!I 3,3v 24t' lSer tu:nd' tl pars] 34v But out abs 10 lVi th English text, '1ahc f ir young virgin/ in this sourec and that of column \TI. See note 2 1 abovr. ,., For OL1ccn J\t~ry.,djed 1558. Sec Plate I.. Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Songs by Tl1illia111By-rd iu Afan11scri/1tsat Harvard 36 3 l II lll 1,, \t ,,] ,,u \llJ[ IX ------25r Il lessed is he [Byrd] 1588 No. 8 45v 22.V 984/I'Jo. 1i.8 1469/38r ljV 0 Lord ,vho in [Byrd] 1588' No. 6 47v 13r [469/3B'v Lthy sacred tent] 26r Lord in thy wrath [Byrd] 1588 No. 9 50v i:zv 984/No.71 1469/+2.r 26v Re ioycc 1.unto the [Byrd] 49v 26v t469/4ov Lord} [ca.1586] :z.7v 0 Lord O lord [Byrcl] 1588 No. 5 48\? 26r 1469/39r [how long] :iSv Help lord [Ryrd] [J88 No, 7 48r 27v 1469/4or 29v Care fol:'.'thy soule [Byrd] 158"8No. 31 41v :i5r 984/No. 72 1469/43v 3or Y f that a sinners [Byrd] 1588 No~ 30 51r 28r 984/No.93 l469/43r 30v \ "\1retched Al bin us 40v 3lV f-1o\v sh~]l a yong [Byrd] 158.8No. 4 :24r 984/No, 131 mnn 3ir lvly soule opprest [Byrd] 1588 No. 3 29r 33r As Ceas..ir 1.\'-ept [Byrd] xv pr 74 17v 4:23/No. 38 18936/ 49r & 31r - (Tallis) J3V Susanna [Byrd] [588 No. 29 1Br 423/No. 15 9 g4/J\T 0., 6 5 34r 0 you that here [Ryrcl] 158'8No. 16 8v 37v 423/No. 18 [i. e.! hear] 3,4V \Vh ere fancy fond [Hyrd] 1588 No. 15 iv 14r 413/No. 22 984/No. 64 35r Thou gb AinarB li s [Byrd] 1588 No. 12 Ilr 4z3/No~ 36 984/No. 132 35v Content is Tlytch 35v 36r 0 uccn.dyfc [Ilyrd] [589 No. 33 3v 36r +s 36v ,,'hen I ..v,l·a s [Hyrd] 1589No. 30 4v 58r 37r 984/No.97 othcrwjsc +s Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), J-{arvard J_..:ibrary Bulletin Ill IV V VI VII \ 711I IX --I II - 37v \\'he.re the R lynd 3rv [ 1l o words in eitbar source] 38¥ I ioy not [llyrdJ 1588 No. rr 2r 4i.3;No.4 1 . 9S4/No. 69 39r l n f eilds abro d [Byrd] 1588 No. 22. 18v 56v 13r 41 3/N"o.5 984/No.63 :!.Ofl/ 3 [V 39v YVed ded to ,,yll [Byrd] 16n No. 23 19v 46v 40-v I thought [th11t [llyrdJ 1589 No. 31 413/No.40 J..,o·ve] (Ballarde) 28v!H 41r The noblc famous [llytil] XVp~ '35 l,ST 984/No+66 Queene l[I 4rv In Angels ,vccde 30v 4zr 1 that so1ntyme 36v 42:v Fa nvcll false,I oue [Byrd} 1588 No. 25 32v 29247/Sr & ljl" 43r Q uis n1e 5tacim ::i~ [Ryrd] X\7 P· io9 38v 38r 369/36v 43v Of g-old all bumjsht [Byrd] rs89 No. 36 16v 44r [Secunda pars-] [Byrd] 1589 No. 36 16V' I-Ier eyes arc faire stars 44v [Tertfo pnrs] (RyrdJ 1589 No. 37 J6Y Her ureath is inore s,veete 45v Truth truth 15v 46r Out of y~ orient 51v 59v 1041/3-5r 47v "\1/h:it vayleth it to [Ilyrd] x,,1P· 59 liov 54v 2041/36r rule H• For i\·!ary Queen of Scots, executed 1587. Phoebus ::.-iAppears in this source and in those of column=i:VIII and IX .1s "'':Vhilc used to d\ve1r ( or '\~lhen Phoebus . /). ::aSec Phtc Jl. For l\1ary Queen of Scots. .For Qnc::cnE]iz3bothi died 1603. given ~l &!\lmost certainly cmnposed for a performance of Seneca's Ilippolyun see the in r 59~ "clt Christ Church-. Oxford~ "\'r'ith :.:tdditio nal seen cs by \V i1Ji:im Gager; remarks by J can Jacquot printed at pp. 2.83-284 of Jfusique ct poisie au XV le riecle ( Colloq u es Intern[l ti on a.ux du Cenu·c J\Tational de ]a Rec herche Sdcn ti fiq ne: Sciences H urnainEs~ \ 7; Paris, 195 4) . Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), Songs by }JTillirnn Byrd in A{anuscripts at 1-larvard 36 5 LtsT OF SETS Sets of Part-Boaks in the Ha~1dsof Group A Cambridge) Harvard Co11 ege Library: MS l\ 1us 3o. London, Bri tlsh 1\.1useun1: Add. i\-1SS 29 38 8----91 t 3 400 1-2 , 340 5o. Eger ton .i\1SS2 009--r :2., 2 Royal Co11cgc of Music: l\1S2041 (at the British l\1useum). Madrigal Society Library: l\1SS G.16--2o, G~i i-1.6 (all at the British 1\-1.useu1n) . Tcnbury~ St J\1ichael's College! A1SS 34g---53,354-8~ 359-63, 364-8., 369-73t 1469-7I. Sets of Pnrt-Books in the Hands of Group B London, British l\.·1useum:Add. l\1SS 29401-5, 30820-2, 3082 3-;, 34000.~~ Pdadrjgal Society Library: !\1SS G.9--r 5., G.:28-3 2 (all :at the British l\.1uscum). Tenbury1 St l\c1ichael'sCollege: MSS 374-8 .. Setsof Part-Rooksi11 tbe Hfluds of Botb Group A and Group n \Vash.in gton, F o lgcr SJla. k cspca re Li h rary: 1\1S 460 J z 8. I ..ondon~ British i\1useum: Add. l\1SS4 l 156-8. Royal College of Music: 1\1SS2035, 2036 (at the British Museum) .. Sets of Pn.rt-Booksin the Hands of Group C Lon uon, Br j tish h111scun1:A Li,te Arrnngeuieuts in ltalinn Tahlnture {0111itti1Jg Cantus-) London, British l\1useu m: .l\.dd. 1\1.SS 2 9246, 2 924 7, 3 199 2.. Royal College of J\iusic: l\1S 2 089 (at the British f\1uscutn). T cnbury, St !\'.lie haer s Co Hege:1\ 1S 340+ !!..,Cf. note 10, 9bo\~e . .!!!I '"rhis is the C-antus Primus p:Irt-book to T\-fadrigalSociety l'\-1SSG. 9-15. Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960), List of Contributors }Ari.1F.s B~ CONANT~ President, Emeritus., Han~ard University PHILIP I~IoFER~Lecturer on the Fine Arts~ Iiarv·ard University, Curator of Printing and Graphic Arts in the H~1r,rardCo11ege Library, and Secretary of the \\ 1illiam Hayes Fogg Art l\1useum PHILIP BREIT".! Research Student in lvlusic., ]Gng's Col1cgc, Cambridge THuRsro~ DARTt Fe11o\vof Jesus College, Cambridge~and University Lecturer in n1usic RENATOPooo10LI, Curt 1-Iugo Reisinger Professor of S]avic and Compara.ti\'·c I .,ite ratu re, Harvard University \.V11.T.TAJ\i A. JACKSON., Professor of Bib]iographyt Harvard University, and Li hrarian of the Hough ton Library of the Harvard Col lege I ..i brary STUARTATKINS, Professor of Gern1an, 1-]arvard University l\1ARJF. CORDROC~Hl Ilibliothccairc au Dcpartcmcnt des 1\1anuscdts,Dibliotheque Nationde G EOm1ES L UBlN, Bou]o gne .... su r-Sein e1F ranee ELLEN B~ BALLOU, Assistant in the Department of English, Ilro\\'n University LEON EDEL, Professor of English~ N e,v York U nivcrsity WAL'l't:R GROSS!\iANN, Lecturer on General Educationt Harvard Universityt and Specia]istin Book Selection in the Harvard College Library R TGH A RD i\1. SHF.JRICH,. Instructor l n G c rm an i University of California at Berkeley AGNES MONGAN, Lecturer on the Fine Artsj Harvard University,. Curator of Dra\vjng., in the ~ 7il1fo.mHaye.s Fngg i\rt fvluseum, and Assistant Director of the ~rilliam Hayes Fogg Art l\1uscu1n 501 Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XIV, Number 3 (Autumn 1960),