Mahrt, William
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Use of the Simultaneous Cross-Relation by Sixteenth Century English and Continental Composers Tim Montgomery
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 1968 Use of the simultaneous cross-relation by sixteenth century English and continental composers Tim Montgomery Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Part of the Musicology Commons Recommended Citation Montgomery, Tim, "Use of the simultaneous cross-relation by sixteenth century English and continental composers" (1968). Honors Theses. 1033. https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1033 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USE OF THE SIMULTANEOUS CROSS-RELATION BY SIXTEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH AND CONTINENTAL COMPOSERS Tim Montgomery Music H 391 LmnARY ~tJ=N-IVE-R-·SJTY OF RICHMOND YIRGINIA 2317S The principle of the s~multaneous cross-relation in vocal music has generally and commonly been associated with the English composers of the sixteenth century.(M p.71; R 824 n.J4) This ~ssumption has been more specifically connected with secular music, namely the English madrigal.(Dy p.13) To find the validity of this assumption in relation to both secular and sacred music I have C()mpared the available vocal music of three English composers, two major and one minor: Thomas Tallis (1505-1585), William Byrd (1.543-1623), and Thomas Whythorne (1528-1596). In deciding whether the simultaneous cross-relation was an aspect of English music exclusively, I examined vocal music of three composers of the continent, con temporaries of the English, for the use, if any, of the simul taneous cross-relation. -
Missa Hercules Dux Ferrarie, Missa D'ung Aultre Amer & Missa
Gimell Other Masses by Josquin previously recorded by The Tallis Scholars Missa Ad fugam CDGIM 039 Missa Ave maris stella CDGIM 044 Missa Da pacem (formerly attrib.) CDGIM 052 Missa De beata virgine CDGIM 044 Missa Di dadi ‘The Dice Mass’ CDGIM 048 Missa Fortuna desperata CDGIM 042 Missa Gaudeamus CDGIM 050 Missa L’ami Baudichon CDGIM 050 Missa La sol fa re mi CDGIM 009 Missa L’homme armé sexti toni CDGIM 019 Missa L’homme armé super voces musicales CDGIM 019 Missa Malheur me bat CDGIM 042 Missa Mater Patris CDGIM 052 Missa Pange lingua CDGIM 009 Missa Sine nomine CDGIM 039 Missa Une mousse de Biscaye CDGIM 048 Cover illustration: Ercole I d’Este, Duke of Ferrara, by Dosso Dossi C A. De Gregorio / De Agostini Picture Library / Bridgeman Images 2 s mell Record i ve Barda. © 2013 G ve i Photo by Cl “With this ninth and final release in our Josquin Mass cycle, we come to three of his greatest works. Together they form a perfect showcase for a genius who felt challenged to make each setting different.” Peter Phillips 3 CONTENTS Track listing and credits page 5 Music note page 7 Sung texts and translation page 11 Notice en Français page 14 Textes chantés et traduction page 18 Kommentar auf Deutsch Seite 21 Gesangstexte und Übersetzung Seite 25 4 Josquin des Prés (c1450–1521) Missa Hercules Dux Ferrarie 27.29 Tu solus qui facis mirabilia 4.48 CONTENTS Kyrie 2.47 24. Tu solus qui facis mirabilia 1.47 1. Kyrie I 1.06 25. -
Heinrich Isaac's
'i~;,~\,;:( ::' Heinrich Isaac's, :,t:1:450-1517) Choralis Constantinus::! C¢q is an anthology of 372; polyphonic Neglected Treasure - motets, setting the textsolthe Prop er of the Mass, accompanied by five Heinrich Isaac's polyphonic settings dflheOrdinary. A larger and more complete suc Choralis Constantinus cessor to the Magnus,iij:Jer organi of Leonin, the CC was fir~t 'pulJlished in three separate volum~s)' by the Nuremberg publisher j'lieronymous by James D. Feiszli Formschneider, beginning in 1550 and finishing in 1555'>:B.egarded by musicologists as a : ,',fsumma of Isaac's reputation prior to his move to assist him in finishing some in Netherlandish polyphony about to Florence.3 complete work. Isaac was back in 1500, a comprehepsive com In Florence, Isaac was listed on Florence by 1515 and remained the rosters of a number of musical there until his death in 1517. pendium of virtually :fi:llli devices, manners, and styles prevalent at the organizations supported by the Isaac was a prolific and versatile time"! the CC today'i~,v:irtually ig Medici, in addition to serving as composer. He wrote compositions in nored by publishers:'Cing, hence, household tutor to the Medici fami all emerging national styles, produc choral ensembles. Few!or.:the com ly. He evidently soon felt comfort ing French chansons, Italian frottoie, positions from this i,'cblI'ection of able enough in Italy to establish a and German Lieder. That he, a Renaissance polyphonyiihave ever permanent residence in Florence secular musician who held no been published in chqrat!octavo for and marry a native Florentine. -
Direction 2. Ile Fantaisies
CD I Josquin DESPREZ 1. Nymphes des bois Josquin Desprez 4’46 Vox Luminis Lionel Meunier: direction 2. Ile Fantaisies Josquin Desprez 2’49 Ensemble Leones Baptiste Romain: fiddle Elisabeth Rumsey: viola d’arco Uri Smilansky: viola d’arco Marc Lewon: direction 3. Illibata dei Virgo a 5 Josquin Desprez 8’48 Cappella Pratensis Rebecca Stewart: direction 4. Allégez moy a 6 Josquin Desprez 1’07 5. Faulte d’argent a 5 Josquin Desprez 2’06 Ensemble Clément Janequin Dominique Visse: direction 6. La Spagna Josquin Desprez 2’50 Syntagma Amici Elsa Frank & Jérémie Papasergio: shawms Simen Van Mechelen: trombone Patrick Denecker & Bernhard Stilz: crumhorns 7. El Grillo Josquin Desprez 1’36 Ensemble Clément Janequin Dominique Visse: direction Missa Lesse faire a mi: Josquin Desprez 8. Sanctus 7’22 9. Agnus Dei 4’39 Cappella Pratensis Rebecca Stewart: direction 10. Mille regretz Josquin Desprez 2’03 Vox Luminis Lionel Meunier: direction 11. Mille regretz Luys de Narvaez 2’20 Rolf Lislevand: vihuela 2: © CHRISTOPHORUS, CHR 77348 5 & 7: © HARMONIA MUNDI, HMC 901279 102 ITALY: Secular music (from the Frottole to the Madrigal) 12. Giù per la mala via (Lauda) Anonymous 6’53 EnsembleDaedalus Roberto Festa: direction 13. Spero haver felice (Frottola) Anonymous 2’24 Giovanne tutte siano (Frottola) Vincent Bouchot: baritone Frédéric Martin: lira da braccio 14. Fammi una gratia amore Heinrich Isaac 4’36 15. Donna di dentro Heinrich Isaac 1’49 16. Quis dabit capiti meo aquam? Heinrich Isaac 5’06 Capilla Flamenca Dirk Snellings: direction 17. Cor mio volunturioso (Strambotto) Anonymous 4’50 Ensemble Daedalus Roberto Festa: direction 18. -
A Byrd Celebration
A Byrd Celebration William Byrd 1540–1623 A Byrd Celebration LECTURES AT THE WILLIAM BYRD FESTIVAL EDITED BY RICHARD TURBET CMAA Church Music Association of America Cover picture is of the Lincoln Cathedral, England, where William Byrd was the choirmaster and organ- ist for nine years, 1563–1572. Copyright © 2008 Church Music Association of America Church Music Association of America 12421 New Point Drive Harbor Cove Richmond, Virginia 23233 Fax 240-363-6480 [email protected] website musicasacra.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments . .7 Preface . .9 BIOGRAPHY . .11 William Byrd: A Brief Biography . .13 Kerry McCarthy “Blame Not the Printer”: William Byrd’s Publishing Drive, 1588–1591 . .17 Philip Brett Byrd and Friends . .67 Kerry McCarthy William Byrd, Catholic and Careerist . .75 Joseph Kerman MASSES . .85 The Masses of William Byrd . .87 William Peter Mahrt Byrd’s Masses in Context . .95 David Trendell CANTIONES . .103 Byrd’s Musical Recusancy . .105 David Trendell Grave and Merrie, Major and Minor: Expressive Paradoxes in Byrd’s Cantiones Sacrae, 1589 . .113 William Peter Mahrt Savonarola, Byrd, and Infelix ego . .123 David Trendell William Byrd’s Art of Melody . .131 William Peter Mahrt GRADUALIA . .139 Rose Garlands and Gunpowder: Byrd’s Musical World in 1605 . .141 Kerry McCarthy The Economy of Byrd’s Gradualia . .151 William Peter Mahrt 5 6 — A Byrd Celebration ENGLISH MUSIC . .159 Byrd the Anglican? . .161 David Trendell Byrd’s Great Service: The Jewel in the Crown of Anglican Music . .167 Richard Turbet Context and Meaning in William Byrd’s Consort Songs . .173 David Trendell UNPUBLISHED MOTETS . .177 Byrd’s Unpublished Motets . -
Multiple Choice
Unit 4: Renaissance Practice Test 1. The Renaissance may be described as an age of A. the “rebirth” of human creativity B. curiosity and individualism C. exploration and adventure D. all of the above 2. The dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance was called A. paganism B. feudalism C. classicism D. humanism 3. The intellectual movement called humanism A. treated the Madonna as a childlike unearthly creature B. focused on human life and its accomplishments C. condemned any remnant of pagan antiquity D. focused on the afterlife in heaven and hell 4. The Renaissance in music occurred between A. 1000 and 1150 B. 1150 and 1450 C. 1450 and 1600 D. 1600 and 1750 5. Which of the following statements is not true of the Renaissance? A. Musical activity gradually shifted from the church to the court. B. The Catholic church was even more powerful in the Renaissance than during the Middle Ages. C. Every educated person was expected to be trained in music. D. Education was considered a status symbol by aristocrats and the upper middle class. 6. Many prominent Renaissance composers, who held important posts all over Europe, came from an area known at that time as A. England B. Spain C. Flanders D. Scandinavia 7. Which of the following statements is not true of Renaissance music? A. The Renaissance period is sometimes called “the golden age” of a cappella choral music because the music did not need instrumental accompaniment. B. The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly polyphonic. C. Instrumental music became more important than vocal music during the Renaissance. -
The Renaissance Period
The Renaissance Period The Renaissance, which literally means “rebirth” in French, saw movement and change in many different spheres of cultural activity as Europe began to rediscover and identify with its Greco-Roman heritage. The natural sciences (in particular astronomy) began advancing at a rapid pace, and some philosophers began to discuss secular humanism as a valid system. The discovery of the American continents by European navigators resulted in the first widespread speculations of international law and began a crisis of consci ence over human rights that would haunt the West for centuries to come. In particular, however, the Renaissance is remembered for a great a flourishing of the Arts. Secular instrumental music (for early instruments like shawms, crumhorns, and sackbuts) became increasingly popular during this period and composers began to write it down for the first time. The polyphonic madrigal became very popular in England thanks to composers like John Dowland and William Byrd. The motet, a three-part polyphonic composition written for voices or instruments, became popular around this time as well. Despite the increase in secularism, it was still within a religious context that the Renaissance arts truly thrived. Renaissance popes (corrupt as they were) were great patrons of such artists as Michelangelo, Raphael, and Gianlorenzo Bernini. Composers of church music expanded polyphony to six, eight, or even ten interwoven parts. The masses of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Tomás Luis de Victoria, and Orlando di Lasso in particular remain some of the most beautiful music ever composed. This polyphonic style was also used by the French composer Josquin des Prez, who wrote both sacred and secular music. -
'The Performing Pitch of William Byrd's Latin Liturgical Polyphony: a Guide
The Performing Pitch of William Byrd’s Latin Liturgical Polyphony: A Guide for Historically Minded Interpreters Andrew Johnstone REA: A Journal of Religion, Education and the Arts, Issue 10, 'Sacred Music', 2016 The choosing of a suitable performing pitch is a task that faces all interpreters of sixteenth- century vocal polyphony. As any choral director with the relevant experience will know, decisions about pitch are inseparable from decisions about programming, since some degree of transposition—be it effected on the printed page or by the mental agility of the singers—is almost invariably required to bring the conventions of Renaissance vocal scoring into alignment with the parameters of the more modern SATB ensemble. To be sure, the problem will always admit the purely pragmatic solution of adopting the pitch that best suits the available voices. Such a solution cannot of itself be to the detriment of a compelling, musicianly interpretation, and precedent for it may be cited in historic accounts of choosing a pitch according to the capabilities of the available bass voices (Ganassi 1542, chapter 11) and transposing polyphony so as to align the tenor part with the octave in which chorale melodies were customarily sung (Burmeister 1606, chapter 8). At the same time, transpositions oriented to the comfort zone of present-day choirs will almost certainly result in sonorities differing appreciably from those the composer had in mind. It is therefore to those interested in this aspect of the composer’s intentions, as well as to those curious about the why and the wherefore of Renaissance notation, that the following observations are offered. -
Image and Influence: the Political Uses of Music at the Court of Elizabeth I
Image and Influence: The Political Uses of Music at the Court of Elizabeth I Katherine Anne Butler Royal Holloway, University of London Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Acknowledgements With thanks to all the people who supported me throughout my research, especially: My supervisor, Stephen Rose, My advisors, Elizabeth Eva Leach and Anna Whitelock, The Arts and Humanities Research Council for funding this research, Royal Holloway Music Department for conference grants, My proofreaders, Holly Winterton, Sarah Beal, Janet McKnight and my Mum, My parents and my fiancé, Chris Wedge, for moral support and encouragement. Declaration of Authorship I, Katherine Butler, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: ______________________ Date: ________________________ 2 Abstract In their Cantiones sacrae (1575), court musicians William Byrd and Thomas Tallis declared that ‘music is indispensable to the state’ (necessarium reipub.). Yet although the relationship between Elizabethan politics and literature has been studied often, there has been little research into the political functions of music. Most accounts of court music consist of documentary research into the personnel, institutions and performance occasions, and generally assume that music’s functions were limited to entertainment and displays of magnificence. However, Elizabethans believed that musical concord promoted a social harmony that would ease the process of government; hence politics and music were seen as closely connected. This thesis is an interdisciplinary investigation into the role of music in constructing royal and courtly identities and influencing Elizabeth’s policies and patronage. -
PMMS L'homme Arme' Masses Discography
Missa L’homme armé Discography Compiled by Jerome F. Weber This discography of almost forty Masses composed on the cantus firmus of L’homme armé (twenty- eight of them currently represented) makes accessible a list of this group of recordings not easily found in one place. A preliminary list was published in Fanfare 26:4 (March/April 2003) in conjunction with a recording of Busnoys’s Mass. The composers are listed in the order found in Craig Wright, The Maze and the Warrior (Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 2001), p. 288; the list is alphabetical within broad eras. In particular, he discusses Du Fay (pp. 175ff.), Regis (pp. 178ff.), the Naples Masses (pp. 184ff.), and Josquin des Prez (pp. 188ff.). Richard Taruskin, “Antoine Busnoys and the L’Homme armé Tradition,” Journal of AMS, XXXIX:2 (Summer 1986), pp. 255-93, writes about Busnoys and the Naples Masses, suggesting (pp. 260ff.) that Busnoys’s Mass is the earliest of the group and that the Naples Masses are also by him. Fabrice Fitch, Johannes Ockeghem: Masses and Models (Paris, 1997, pp. 62ff.), suggests that Ockeghem’s setting is the earliest. Craig Wright, op. cit. (p. 175), calls Du Fay’s the first setting. Alejandro Planchart, Guillaume Du Fay (Cambridge, 2018, p. 594) firmly calls Du Fay and Ockeghem the composers of the first two Masses, jointly commissioned by Philip the Good in May 1461. For a discussion of Taruskin’s article, see Journal of AMS, XL:1 (Spring 1987), pp. 139-53 and XL:3 (Fall 1987), pp. 576-80. See also Leeman Perkins, “The L’Homme armé Masses of Busnoys and Okeghem: A Comparison,” Journal of Musicology, 3 (1984), pp. -
Josquin Des Prez
(LEMS 8081, formerly released as LLST 7265) Josquin Des Prez Missa Gaudeamus Dominus regnavit In exitu Israel Nymphes des bois Capella Cordina Alejandro Planchart, director In 1502 the Venetian printer Ottaviano Petrucci, who had issued the previous year the first collection of part-music ever printed (the Harmonice musices odhecaton), published his first book of Masses; the Misse Josquin. The book contained five Masses: L’Homme armé super voces musicales; La, sol, fa, re, mi; Gaudeamus; Fortuna desperata; and L’Homme armé sexti toni. 1 The choice of Josquin for such a volume was an obvious one, for the composer was then at the very height of his fame and influence. Indeed, although Petrucci eventually brought out books of Masses by other composers, only Josquin merited three complete prints from him (Book II, 1505; Book III, 1514), and only the Josquin Mass books were reprinted (Book I in 1516, Book II in 1515). Thus, virtually all the extant authentic Masses of Josquin were published by Petrucci. The exceptions are the Missa Pange lingua, probably composed after 1516, and the Missa Allez regretz, an inferior work that may well be spurious. A third Mass attributed to Josquin in some sources, the Missa Da pacem, has been shown to be the work of a minor composer, Noel Bauldweyn. In 1502, however, neither Petrucci nor Josquin (who most likely had a say in the selection of pieces) could have known that there would be eventually three complete books of Josquin’s Masses from the Venetian’s press, and the choice of pieces reflects a great deal of care. -
Josquin Des Prez Discography
Josquin des Prez Discography Compiled by Jerome F. Weber This discography of Josquin des Prez (Josquin Lebloitte dit des Prez, formerly cited as Josquin Desprez or Josquin des Près and alphabetized under D, J or P), compiled by Jerome F. Weber, adopts the format of the Du Fay discography previously posted on this website. It may be noted that at least three book titles since 2000 have named him simply “Josquin,” bypassing the spelling problem. Acknowledgment is due to Pierre-F. Roberge and Todd McComb for an exhaustive list of records containing Josquin’s music in www.medieval.org/emfaq. It incorporates listings from the work of Sydney Robinson Charles in Josquin des Prez: A Guide to Research (Garland Composer Resource Manuals, 1983) and Peter Urquhart in The Josquin Companion (ed. Richard Sherr, Oxford, 2000), which continued where Charles left off. The last two lists each included a title index. This work has also used the following publications already incorporated in the three cited discographies. The 78rpm and early LP eras were covered in discographic format by The Gramophone Shop Encyclopedia of Recorded Music (three editions, 1936, 1942, 1948) and The World’s Encyclopaedia of Recorded Music (three volumes, 1952, 1953, 1957). James Coover and Richard Colvig compiled Medieval and Renaissance Music on Long-Playing Records in two volumes (1964 and 1973), and Trevor Croucher compiled Early Music Discography from Plainsong to the Sons of Bach (Oryx Press, 1981). The Index to Record Reviews compiled by Kurtz Myers (G. K. Hall, 1978) provided useful information. Michael Gray’s classical-discography.org has furnished many details.