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Trecento Cacce and the Entrance of the Second Voice
1 MIT Student Trecento Cacce and the Entrance of the Second Voice Most school children today know the song “Row, Row, Row Your Boat” and could probably even explain how to sing it as a canon. Canons did not start off accessible to all young children, however. Thomas Marrocco explains that the early canons, cacce, were not for all people “for the music was too refined, too florid, and rhythmically intricate, to be sung with any degree of competence by provincial or itinerant musicians.”1 The challenge in composing a caccia is trying to create a melody that works as a canon. Canons today (think of “Row, Row, Row Your Boat,” Pachelbel's “Canon in D,” or “Frère Jacques”) are characterized by phrases which are four or eight beats long, and thus the second voice in modern popular canons enters after either four or eight beats. One might hypothesize that trecento cacce follow a similar pattern with the second voice entering after the first voice's four or eight breves, or at least after the first complete phrase. This is not the case. The factors which determine the entrance of the second voice in trecento cacce are very different from the factors which influence that entrance in modern canons. In trecento cacce, the entrance of the second voice generally occurs after the first voice has sung a lengthy melismatic line which descends down a fifth from its initial pitch. The interval between the two voices at the point where the second voice enters is generally a fifth, and this is usually just before the end of the textual phrase in the first voice so that the phrases do not line up. -
Use of the Simultaneous Cross-Relation by Sixteenth Century English and Continental Composers Tim Montgomery
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 1968 Use of the simultaneous cross-relation by sixteenth century English and continental composers Tim Montgomery Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Part of the Musicology Commons Recommended Citation Montgomery, Tim, "Use of the simultaneous cross-relation by sixteenth century English and continental composers" (1968). Honors Theses. 1033. https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1033 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USE OF THE SIMULTANEOUS CROSS-RELATION BY SIXTEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH AND CONTINENTAL COMPOSERS Tim Montgomery Music H 391 LmnARY ~tJ=N-IVE-R-·SJTY OF RICHMOND YIRGINIA 2317S The principle of the s~multaneous cross-relation in vocal music has generally and commonly been associated with the English composers of the sixteenth century.(M p.71; R 824 n.J4) This ~ssumption has been more specifically connected with secular music, namely the English madrigal.(Dy p.13) To find the validity of this assumption in relation to both secular and sacred music I have C()mpared the available vocal music of three English composers, two major and one minor: Thomas Tallis (1505-1585), William Byrd (1.543-1623), and Thomas Whythorne (1528-1596). In deciding whether the simultaneous cross-relation was an aspect of English music exclusively, I examined vocal music of three composers of the continent, con temporaries of the English, for the use, if any, of the simul taneous cross-relation. -
Early Fifteenth Century
CONTENTS CHAPTER I ORIENTAL AND GREEK MUSIC Section Item Number Page Number ORIENTAL MUSIC Ι-6 ... 3 Chinese; Japanese; Siamese; Hindu; Arabian; Jewish GREEK MUSIC 7-8 .... 9 Greek; Byzantine CHAPTER II EARLY MEDIEVAL MUSIC (400-1300) LITURGICAL MONOPHONY 9-16 .... 10 Ambrosian Hymns; Ambrosian Chant; Gregorian Chant; Sequences RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR MONOPHONY 17-24 .... 14 Latin Lyrics; Troubadours; Trouvères; Minnesingers; Laude; Can- tigas; English Songs; Mastersingers EARLY POLYPHONY 25-29 .... 21 Parallel Organum; Free Organum; Melismatic Organum; Benedica- mus Domino: Plainsong, Organa, Clausulae, Motets; Organum THIRTEENTH-CENTURY POLYPHONY . 30-39 .... 30 Clausulae; Organum; Motets; Petrus de Cruce; Adam de la Halle; Trope; Conductus THIRTEENTH-CENTURY DANCES 40-41 .... 42 CHAPTER III LATE MEDIEVAL MUSIC (1300-1400) ENGLISH 42 .... 44 Sumer Is Icumen In FRENCH 43-48,56 . 45,60 Roman de Fauvel; Guillaume de Machaut; Jacopin Selesses; Baude Cordier; Guillaume Legrant ITALIAN 49-55,59 · • · 52.63 Jacopo da Bologna; Giovanni da Florentia; Ghirardello da Firenze; Francesco Landini; Johannes Ciconia; Dances χ Section Item Number Page Number ENGLISH 57-58 .... 61 School o£ Worcester; Organ Estampie GERMAN 60 .... 64 Oswald von Wolkenstein CHAPTER IV EARLY FIFTEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH 61-64 .... 65 John Dunstable; Lionel Power; Damett FRENCH 65-72 .... 70 Guillaume Dufay; Gilles Binchois; Arnold de Lantins; Hugo de Lantins CHAPTER V LATE FIFTEENTH CENTURY FLEMISH 73-78 .... 76 Johannes Ockeghem; Jacob Obrecht FRENCH 79 .... 83 Loyset Compère GERMAN 80-84 . ... 84 Heinrich Finck; Conrad Paumann; Glogauer Liederbuch; Adam Ile- borgh; Buxheim Organ Book; Leonhard Kleber; Hans Kotter ENGLISH 85-86 .... 89 Song; Robert Cornysh; Cooper CHAPTER VI EARLY SIXTEENTH CENTURY VOCAL COMPOSITIONS 87,89-98 ... -
Rest, Sweet Nymphs: Pastoral Origins of the English Madrigal Danielle Van Oort [email protected]
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2016 Rest, Sweet Nymphs: Pastoral Origins of the English Madrigal Danielle Van Oort [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, History of Religion Commons, and the Music Commons Recommended Citation Van Oort, Danielle, "Rest, Sweet Nymphs: Pastoral Origins of the English Madrigal" (2016). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 1016. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. REST, SWEET NYMPHS: PASTORAL ORIGINS OF THE ENGLISH MADRIGAL A thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Music Music History and Literature by Danielle Van Oort Approved by Dr. Vicki Stroeher, Committee Chairperson Dr. Ann Bingham Dr. Terry Dean, Indiana State University Marshall University May 2016 APPROVAL OF THESIS We, the faculty supervising the work of Danielle Van Oort, affirm that the thesis, Rest Sweet Nymphs: Pastoral Origins of the English Madrigal, meets the high academic standards for original scholarship and creative work established by the School of Music and Theatre and the College of Arts and Media. This work also conforms to the editorial standards of our discipline and the Graduate College of Marshall University. With our signatures, we approve the manuscript for publication. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express appreciation and gratitude to the faculty and staff of Marshall University’s School of Music and Theatre for their continued support. -
Phrase Painting and Goal Orientation in Two Late Gesualdo Madrigals
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by IUScholarWorks Phrase Painting and Goal Orientation In Two Late Gesualdo Madrigals MICHAEL E BURDICK I The late madrigals of Carlo Gesualdo have challenged the minds and ears of theorists for over three centuries. This challenge comes largely from the unorthodox type of chromatic harmony that we find in certain passages-a chromaticism that seems to belie its own place in the history of Western music. Of the late madrigals of Gesualdo, two of the most frequently quoted and analyzed are "Io pur respiro" and "Moro lasso" from his sixth book of madrigals. These two works, likewise, are the focus of at tention in this article. It is not the intent of this paper to attempt an explana tion of Gesualdo's unique chromaticism in terms of the harmonic practices of the Renaissance or Baroque periods. This has already been attempted by numerous authors over the years, with highly diversified and controversial results. However, some of these results will be presented here as a preliminary setting to the principal goal of this paper, which is to examine two structural principles in operation in these madrigals that offer to give greater understanding and meaning to the chord progressions themselves. Perhaps the most objective attempt to catalogue Gesualdo's chromaticism in a stylistic approach can be found in John Clough's article "The Leading Tone in Direct TWO GESUALDO MADRIGALS 17 Chromaticism: From Renaissance to Baroque."l The article gives a summary of different types of chromatic progres sions, with the emphasis on chromatic-third relationships (the chromatic-third progression being the salient feature of Gesualdo's more unconventional chromatic progressions). -
I T a L Y!!! for Centuries All the Greatest Musicians Throughout Europe (From Josquin Des Prez, Adrian Willaert, Orlando Di Lasso to Wolfgang A
Richie and Elaine Henzler of COURTLY MUSIC UNLIMITED Lead you on a musical journey through I T A L Y!!! For centuries all the greatest musicians throughout Europe (from Josquin des Prez, Adrian Willaert, Orlando di Lasso to Wolfgang A. Mozart and so many others) would make a pilgrimage to Italy to hear and learn its beautiful music. The focus of the day will be music of the Italian Renaissance and its glorious repertoire of Instrumental and Vocal Music. Adrian Willaert, although from the Netherlands, was the founder of the Venetian School and teacher of Lasso, and both Gabrielis. The great Orlando di Lasso (from Flanders) spent 10 years in Italy working in Ferrara, Mantua, Milan, Naples and Rome where he worked for Cosimo I di Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. We’ll also play works by Andrea Gabrieli (uncle of Giovanni). In 1562 Andrea went to Munich to study with Orlando di Lasso who had moved there earlier. Andrea became head of music at St Marks Cathedral in Venice. Giovanni Gabrieli studied at St. Marks with his uncle and in 1562 also went to Munich to study under Lasso. Giovanni’s music became the culmination of the Venetian musical style. Lasso returned to Italy in 1580 to visit Italy and encounter the most modern styles and trends in music. Also featured will be Lodovico Viadana who composed a series of Sinfonias with titles of various Italian cities such as Bologna, Ferrara, Florence, Rome, Padua, Parma, Mantua, Venice and more. These city states are also associated with the delicious food of Italy, some of which we’ll incorporate into the lunch offering. -
For OCKEGHEM
ss CORO hilliard live CORO hilliard live 2 Producer: Antony Pitts Recording: Susan Thomas Editors: Susan Thomas and Marvin Ware Post-production: Chris Ekers and Dave Hunt New re-mastering: Raphael Mouterde (Floating Earth) Translations of Busnois, Compère and Lupi by Selene Mills Cover image: from an intitial to The Nun's Priest's Tale (reversed) by Eric Gill, with thanks to the Goldmark Gallery, Uppingham: www.goldmarkart.com Design: Andrew Giles The Hilliard Ensemble David James countertenor Recorded by BBC Radio 3 in St Jude-on-the-Hill, Rogers Covey-Crump tenor Hampstead Garden Suburb and first broadcast on John Potter tenor 5 February 1997, the eve of the 500th anniversary Gordon Jones baritone of the death of Johannes Ockeghem. Previously released as Hilliard Live HL 1002 Bob Peck reader For Also available on coro: hilliard live 1 PÉROTIN and the ARS ANTIQUA cor16046 OCKEGHEM 2007 The Sixteen Productions Ltd © 2007 The Sixteen Productions Ltd N the hilliard ensemble To find out more about CORO and to buy CDs, visit www.thesixteen.com cor16048 The hilliard live series of recordings came about for various reasons. 1 Kyrie and Gloria (Missa Mi mi) Ockeghem 7:10 At the time self-published recordings were a fairly new and increasingly 2 Cruel death.... Crétin 2:34 common phenomenon in popular music and we were keen to see if 3 In hydraulis Busnois 7:50 we could make the process work for us in the context of a series of public concerts. Perhaps the most important motive for this experiment 4 After this sweet harmony... -
Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600
Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600 By Leon Chisholm A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Music in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Kate van Orden, Co-Chair Professor James Q. Davies, Co-Chair Professor Mary Ann Smart Professor Massimo Mazzotti Summer 2015 Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600 Copyright 2015 by Leon Chisholm Abstract Keyboard Playing and the Mechanization of Polyphony in Italian Music, Circa 1600 by Leon Chisholm Doctor of Philosophy in Music University of California, Berkeley Professor Kate van Orden, Co-Chair Professor James Q. Davies, Co-Chair Keyboard instruments are ubiquitous in the history of European music. Despite the centrality of keyboards to everyday music making, their influence over the ways in which musicians have conceptualized music and, consequently, the music that they have created has received little attention. This dissertation explores how keyboard playing fits into revolutionary developments in music around 1600 – a period which roughly coincided with the emergence of the keyboard as the multipurpose instrument that has served musicians ever since. During the sixteenth century, keyboard playing became an increasingly common mode of experiencing polyphonic music, challenging the longstanding status of ensemble singing as the paradigmatic vehicle for the art of counterpoint – and ultimately replacing it in the eighteenth century. The competing paradigms differed radically: whereas ensemble singing comprised a group of musicians using their bodies as instruments, keyboard playing involved a lone musician operating a machine with her hands. -
English Music from the Golden Age
The Flute and the Lute. Vol. 2 English music from the Golden Age Second Edition Settings for lute and treble instrument by Joaquim Bogunyà Chesa Introduction to the second edition Here you will find a compilation of pieces of some of the best English music from the 16 th and 17 th centuries especially arranged for the recorder flute or any other treble instrument and the lute or the vihuela. The settings have been made according to the same criteria as in Vol 1. I am copying them out here below. In my honest opinion, the ideal setting or transcription is that which fits best the language of the instrument on which the music is to be played. This implies the idea that the best transcription is not necessarily that which includes every single note from the original piece at the same pitch, full stop. Consequently, the settings that you will find in this book are intended to be a faithful transcription of the ‘spirit’ of the music, and not necessarily of the ‘body’ or mere musical appearance. This has been made in order to serve the main purpose of this book; that is, to arrange a repertoire of pieces of wonderful early music in a way that they can be played in a most satisfying manner on the recorder and the lute. In this book you will find different types of transcriptions. Some which are hundred percent true, or at least ninety-nine percent, to the original source – most of the recorder parts are-, and others where some ornamentation (according to the common 16 th century taste) has been included. -
Josquin Des Prez: Master of the Notes
James John Artistic Director P RESENTS Josquin des Prez: Master of the Notes Friday, March 4, 2016, 8 pm Sunday, March 6, 2016, 3pm St. Paul’s Episcopal Church St. Ignatius of Antioch 199 Carroll Street, Brooklyn 87th Street & West End Avenue, Manhattan THE PROGRAM CERDDORION Sopranos Altos Tenors Basses Gaude Virgo Mater Christi Anna Harmon Jamie Carrillo Ralph Bonheim Peter Cobb From “Missa de ‘Beata Virgine’” Erin Lanigan Judith Cobb Stephen Bonime James Crowell Kyrie Jennifer Oates Clare Detko Frank Kamai Jonathan Miller Gloria Jeanette Rodriguez Linnea Johnson Michael Klitsch Michael J. Plant Ellen Schorr Cathy Markoff Christopher Ryan Dean Rainey Praeter Rerum Seriem Myrna Nachman Richard Tucker Tom Reingold From “Missa ‘Pange Lingua’” Ron Scheff Credo Larry Sutter Intermission Ave Maria From “Missa ‘Hercules Dux Ferrarie’” BOARD OF DIRECTORS Sanctus President Ellen Schorr Treasurer Peter Cobb Secretary Jeanette Rodriguez Inviolata Directors Jamie Carrillo Dean Rainey From “Missa Sexti toni L’homme armé’” Michael Klitsch Tom Reingold Agnus Dei III Comment peut avoir joye The members of Cerddorion are grateful to James Kennerley and the Church of Saint Ignatius of Petite Camusette Antioch for providing rehearsal and performance space for this season. Jennifer Oates, soprano; Jamie Carillo, alto; Thanks to Vince Peterson and St. Paul’s Episcopal Church for providing a performance space Chris Ryan, Ralph Bonheim, tenors; Dean Rainey, Michael J. Plant, basses for this season. Thanks to Cathy Markoff for her publicity efforts. Mille regretz Allégez moy Jennifer Oates, Jeanette Rodriguez, sopranos; Jamie Carillo, alto; PROGRAM CREDITS: Ralph Bonheim, tenor; Dean Rainey, Michael J. Plant, basses Myrna Nachman wrote the program notes. -
The Collegium Musiculn the Madrigal Singers
, The School ofMusic presents the 20th program of the 1989·90 season C'b Iqi' 1l--1 The Collegium Musiculn Margriet Tindemans, Director Music 'By Hildegard of Bingen The Madrigal Singers Joan Catoni Conlon, Director 16t1i - 2atn Century Motet Masterpieces 2, 1989,8:00 PM /' [~~mber I ·DGGem~r 3. 1989, 3.66 PM Brechemin Auditorium L --I _. d '1& In a vision of true faith Ursula loved the Son of God. But she was mocked Program by the people. Then she received a sign and everybody realized that she was the truely wise one. But the devil came over them and made them strike down those noble women. And all the Elements heard the great cry: O. The Collegium Musicum the red blood ofthe innocent lamb ... Music By Hildegard of Bingen (1098 -1179) c~G\clLA REX NOSTER Instrumental Symphonia o PLANGENS VOX o VIRTUS SAPIENTIE Instrumental Symphonia o VIVENS FONS o VIRTUS SAPIENTIE ........................Antiphone for Divine Wisdom REX NOSTER ........................... Responsory for the Holy Innocents oeMrgy ofwisdom! You circled circling. encompassing all in one path th8l possesses life. Ofyour three wings one soars in heaven. OM sweeps Our King is swift to receive the Blood ofInnocents. Hence the angels sing and resound in praiseS. But even the clouds are grieving over the same the earth and the thirdflies all around us. blood. o PLANGENS VOX .................................. from "Onto Virtutum This song is from the morality play "Onto Virtutum". The Virtues lament KYRIE ELEISON the loss of the soul that has given in to the temptations of the devil. Instrumental Symphonia o VIVENS FONS ................................... -
Revisiting the Origins of the Italian Madrigal Using Machine Learning
Revisiting the Origins of the Italian Madrigal (with machine learning) Julie E. Cumming Cory McKay Medieval and Renaissance Music Conference Maynooth, Ireland, July 6, 2018 1 The origins of the madrigal Current consensus • The madrigal emerges as a new genre of Italian-texted vocal music in the 1520s • The Italian-texted works by Verdelot are madrigals • It originated in Florence (and Rome?) in the 1520s But where did it come from? • The frottola (Einstein 1949) • The chanson and motet (Fenlon and Haar 1988) • Florentine song: carnival song, and improvised solo song (A. Cummings 2004) 2 Finding the origins: what happened before Verdelot? • Verdelot arrived in Florence in 1521 • Earliest sources of the madrigal New focus: Florence, 1515-1522 Music Printsbefore Verdelot Thanks to I. Fenlon, J. Haar, and A. Cummings Naming of Genres: Canzona in 1520s; Madrigale 1530 Prints (in or near Rome) • Pisano, Musica sopra le Canzone del petrarcha (partbooks, Petrucci, Fossombrone, 1520) (all Madrigals) • Motetti e Canzone I (partbooks, Rome, 1520) • Libro primo de la croce, choirbook, c. 1522 (surviving copy, later ed., Rome, Pasoti & Dorico, 1526) • Mix of frottole, villotte, and madrigals 4 Music MSS before Verdelot Thanks to I. Fenlon, J. Haar, and A. Cummings Florentine Manuscripts (all from Florence) • Florence, Basevi 2440, choirbook, c. 1515-22; 2 sections: • music with multiple stanzas of text (frottole) • through-composed works (madrigals & villotte) • Florence, BNC 164-167, partbooks, c. 1520-22 (4 sections) • Florence 164 or F 164 henceforth 5 My hypothesis The madrigal was deliberately created as a • high-style genre of secular music • that emulates the style of the motet Why? • Musical sources • Texts • Musical style • Cultural context (not today) 6 What do sources tell us? Madrigals are the first secular genre to be treated like Latin-texted motets in prints and manuscripts Copied and printed in partbooks (previously used only for Masses and motets) • Motetti e Canzone I (Rome, 1520), partbooks • Florence 164 (c.