WASHINGTON HEIGHTS and INWOOD 1 Who We Are

MANHATTAN COMMUNITY Washington DISTRICT 12 Heights and Inwood

Health is closely tied to our daily environment. Understanding how our neighborhood affects our physical and mental health is the first step toward building a healthier and more equitable New York City.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 1 Who We Are

HUDSON RIVER NewNew YorkYork CityCity HARLEM RIVER W 155 ST HARLEM NYC population by race RIVER DR NYC population by race PAGE 2 PAGE 6 PAGENew 2 York York City City Washington Heights PAGE 2 PAGEPopulation 2 by race Black PAGE 6 andBlack Inwood Elementary School Abseentee On time high school graduation 100.0 POPULATION 100.0 PopulationBlack by race BlackLatino 87.5 NYC population by race 87.5 Latino Elementary School Abseentee On time high school graduation BY RACE AND100.075.0 75.0 72% 100.0 90 100 ETHNICITY^ 62.587.5 62.5 PAGELatino 2 LatinoOther PAGE 6 PAGE 2 87.5 50.075.0 50.0 Other 75.0 72% 37.562.5 29% 32% 37.5 Black Population by race Black Asian 90 100 22% 62.5 Other Other Elementary School Abseentee On time high school graduation 25.050.0 100.0 15% 25.0 Asian 17% 87.5 32% 50.0 100.0 75 12.537.5 29% 12.5 Latino 7% Latino 75.0 22% 2% 87.5 3% White New York25.00.0 City 37.5 Asian 72% 1% Asian 60 62.5 15% 0.0 75.0 White 25.0 90 100 12.5 50.0 Asian Black Latino White Other2% Other62.5 Asian Black Latino White17% Other Other 75 0.0 37.5 29% 32% 12.5 50.0 7% 22% 3%White 1% White 25.0 Asian15%Black Latino White Other 0.0 Asian37.5 Asian 60 50 NYC population by race 12.5 2% Population25.0 by age 17% 75 12.5 Asian Black7% Latino White Other NYC0.0 population by age White 3% 1% White 60 TOTAL Asian Black Latino White Other 0.0 30 50 PAGE 2 NYC population byPAGE age 2 PopulationAsian Blackby ageLatino White OtherPAGE 6 POPULATION 8,537,673 45.0 195,830 50 25 Black Population byBlack age 45.0 NYC population by Populationage by race Elementary School Abseentee On30 time high school graduation 100.0 33% 30 87.5 45.0 Latino100.032% 45.0 Latino 25 75.0 45.0 87.5 45.0 25% 25 72% 62.5 POPULATION 75.0 25% 22.5 19% 33% 90 100 0 0 21% Other62.532%32% Other33% 50.0 22.5 13% 37.5 BY AGE29% 32% 50.0 25%25% 10% 25%25% 22% 21% 37.5 14% 0 0 25.0 15% 22.5 22.5 21% 9% Asian 22.5 22.5 19%19% Asian 0 0 12.5 2% 25.0 14% 17% 13% 75 0.0 9% 12.5 14%7% 10% 13% White 3% 0.01% 10% White 60 Highest Level of Education Achieved Asian Black Latino White0.0 Other 9% 0.0 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 0.0 Asian Black Latino White Other 0.0 Highest Level of Education Achieved 0-17 0-1718-2418-24 25-4425-44 45-6445-64 65+ 65+ 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 50 0.0 Population by age 0.0 Highest Level of Education Achieved NYC population by age 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 30 Born outside US English pro ciencyBornBorn outside outside US US EnglishEnglish pro ciency pro ciency 45.0 Born outside US45.0 English pro ciency 25 BORN OUTSIDE32% 33% 25% Born outside US 25%EnglishBorn pro ciency outside US English pro ciency 22.5 21%THE US 22.5 19% 0 0 14% 13% 9% 37% 10% 47% 0.0 0.0 Highest Level of Education Achieved 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+

Born outside US English pro ciencyBorn outside US English pro ciency 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 2000 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 HAVE LIMITED PAGE 8 Non-fatal Assault Hospitalizations Incarceration ENGLISH PROFICIENCY 23% 37% 1500 20000 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 8 Non-fatal Assault Hospitalizations EditIncarceration in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. 1000 2000 PAGE 8 Non-fatal Assault Hospitalizations 1500 Incarceration 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 ^White, Black, Asian and Other exclude Latino ethnicity. Latino is Hispanic or Latino of any race. 500 1500 Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. 2000 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. PAGE 8 Non-fatal Assault Hospitalizations0 40 80 120 Incarceration160 200 1000 Sources: Population, Race and Ethnicity and Age: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates, 2016; Born Outside the U.S. and English Proficiency: U.S. Census Bureau, American 0 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. Community Survey, 2012-2016 1500 1000 Edit in Indesign. Graph500 applies to all CDs. 1000 2 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 0 40 80 120 160 200 500 500 0 0 40 80 120 160 200 0 40 80 120 160 200 0 0 Note from Oxiris Barbot, Commissioner, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

We are pleased to present the 2018 Community Health Profiles, a look into the health of New York City’s (NYC) 59 diverse community districts.

The health of NYC has never been better. Our city’s life expectancy is 81.2 years, 2.5 years higher than the national average.

However, not all residents have the same opportunities to lead a healthy life. A ZIP code should not determine a person’s health, but that’s the reality in so many cities, including our own.

The Community Health Profiles allow us to see how much health can vary by neighborhood. Policies and practices based on a history of racism and discrimination (often referred to as structural racism) have created neighborhoods with high rates of poverty and limited access to resources that promote health. The practice of removing funding or refusing to provide funding to communities of color has caused poor health outcomes to cluster in these communities.

The Community Health Profiles also show how important community resources, and funding to create and sustain these resources, are to health outcomes. For example, supermarkets provide more access to fresh foods than bodegas. However, in some neighborhoods with obesity rates higher than the citywide average, just 5% of food establishments are supermarkets, making it difficult for residents to make healthy choices.

Addressing these inequities may seem like a daunting task, but by working together, we can dismantle the unjust policies and practices that contribute to poor health in our communities. Through Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020), and other New York City Health Department programs, we work with community partners to give every resident the same opportunity for good health. We are making progress, but there is more work to do.

Reducing health inequities requires policymakers, community groups, health professionals, researchers and residents to work together for change at every level. We look forward to working with you to improve the health of our city.

Sincerely,

Oxiris Barbot, MD

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 3 Table of Contents

Who We Are Healthy Living PAGE 2 PAGE 13

Understanding Health Health Care Inequities in New York City PAGE 14-15 PAGE 5

Social and Economic Health Outcomes Conditions PAGE 16-18 PAGE 6-8

Housing and Notes Neighborhood Conditions PAGE 19 PAGE 9-10

Map and Contact Maternal and Child Health PAGE 11-12 Information BACK COVER

NAVIGATING THIS DOCUMENT This profile covers all of Manhattan’s Community District 12, which includesInwood and Washington Heights. This is one of 59 community districts in NYC. The community district with the most favorable outcome in NYC for each measure is presented throughout the report. Sometimes this is the highest rate (e.g., physical activity) and sometimes this is the lowest rate (e.g., infant mortality). Some figures include an arrow to help readers understand the direction of the healthier outcome. This profile uses the following color coding system:

WASHINGTON LOWEST/HIGHEST HEIGHTS AND MANHATTAN NEW YORK CITY COMMUNITY INWOOD DISTRICT

4 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD Understanding Health Inequities in New York City

The ability to live a long and healthy life is not equally available to all New Yorkers. A baby born to a family that lives in the Upper East Side will live 11 years longer than a baby born to a family in Brownsville. This inequity is unacceptable.

Resources and opportunities are at the root of good health. These include secure jobs with benefits, well-maintained and affordable housing, safe neighborhoods with clean parks, accessible transportation, healthy and affordable food, and quality education and health care.1 In NYC, access to these resources and opportunities are not equitably distributed. Neighborhoods with residents of color often have fewer resources.

Since the 1600s—when NYC was established by colonization—racist policies and practices have shaped where New Yorkers live and go to school, what jobs they have and what their neighborhoods look like. Over time, these policies and practices have built on each other to create deep inequity.

For example, in the 1930s the federal government developed a policy known as redlining. As part of this policy, neighborhoods were rated based on the race, ethnicity and national origin of their residents. Neighborhoods that were home to people of color, like Central Harlem and Brownsville, were outlined in red on a map. They were labeled as "hazardous" and no home loans or other investments were approved there. The wealthiest and Whitest neighborhoods in NYC received, and continue to receive, more investment and opportunities for health.2

The denial of resources and opportunities that support good health contributes to the differences in life expectancy we see today. Experiencing racism is also a health burden, creating chronic stress that contributes to major causes of death, like diabetes and heart disease.3

To better understand the successes and challenges in each of NYC’s 59 neighborhoods, the Community Health Profiles present data on a range of measures. These data should be interpreted with an understanding that good health is not only determined by personal choices. Many other factors shape differences in health outcomes, including past and current discrimination based on race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation and other identities. We hope the Community Health Profiles support your efforts in making NYC more equitable for all. For more information on the New York City Health Department programs and services that are closing the gap in health outcomes, visit nyc.gov/health.

1 Marmot M, Friel S, Bell R, et al. Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. The Lancet. 2008; 372(9650): 1661–1669. 2 Undesign the Redline. http://www.designingthewe.com/undesign-the-redline. Accessed March 13, 2018. 3 Krieger N. Embodying inequality: A Review of Concepts, Measures, and Methods for Studying Health Consequences of Discrimination. International Journal of Health Services. 1999; 29(2): 295-352.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 5 Social and Economic Conditions

Education Higher education levels are associated with better health outcomes. Missing too many days of school can cause students to fall behind and increases their risk of dropping out. Washington Heights and Inwood’s elementary school absenteeism rate is lower than the rate for NYC overall. Seven out of 10 high school students in Washington PAGE 2 PAGE 2 PAGE 6 PAGEHeights 6 and Inwood graduate in four years, lower than the citywide rate.

Black Black ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ABSENTEEISM ON-TIME HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION PopulationPopulation by race by race Elementary School Abseentee On time high school graduation Elementary(percent School of public Abseentee school students in grades K through 5 missingOn time 19 or high(percent school of public graduation school students graduating in four years) 100.0 100.0 Latino Latino more school days) 87.5 87.5 75.0 75.0 72% 72% 90 90 100 100 96% 62.5 62.5 Other Other 50.0 50.0 37.5 37.5 Asian Asian 73% 75% 25.0 25.0 17% 17% 75 75 68% 12.5 12.5 7% 7% 3% 3% 1% 1% White White 60 0.0 0.0 60 Asian BlackAsianLatinoBlackWhiteLatinoOtherWhite Other PAGEPAGEPAGE 2 2 2 PAGEPAGEPAGE 6 6 6 50 50 BlackBlackBlack PopulationPopulation by age by age PopulationPopulationPopulation by by by race race race ElementaryElementaryElementary School School School Abseentee Abseentee Abseentee OnOnOn time time time high high high school school school graduation graduation graduation 30 100.0100.0100.0 30 LatinoLatinoLatino 87.587.587.5 20% 45.0 45.0 19% 18% 25 25 75.075.075.0 72%72%72% 909090 100100100 33% OtherOtherOther 33% 62.562.562.5 5% 25% 25% 50.050.050.0 37.537.537.5 22.5 22.519% 19% 0 0 AsianAsianAsian 0 0 25.025.013%25.0 17%17%17% 757575 13% 12.512.512.5 7%7%7% Washington Manhattan NYC Lowest: Washington Manhattan NYC Highest: 10% 10% 3%3%3% 1%1%1% WhiteWhiteWhite 0.00.00.0 Heights and Bayside and606060 Little Neck Heights and Financial District AsianAsianAsian BlackBlackBlack LatinoLatinoLatinoWhiteWhiteWhite OtherOtherOther 0.0 0.0 HighestHighest LevelInwood of Level Education of Education Achieved Achieved Inwood 0-17 18-240-1725-4418-2445-6425-44 65+45-64 65+ 505050 PopulationPopulationPopulation by by by age age age Source: NYC Department of Education, 2016-2017 Note: NYC and borough On-time High School Graduation data may differ from rates presented in other published sources. See technical notes in the public use dataset 303030 for more details. Born outsideBorn outside US US 45.045.045.0EnglishEnglish pro ciency pro ciency Source: NYC Department of Education,25 25201725 33%33%33% 25%25%25% 22.522.522.5 19%19%19% HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION000 ACHIEVED (percent of adults ages 25 and older) 000 10%10%10% 13%13%13% High school 0.00.00.0 HighestHighestLessHighest than Level Level Level graduateof of of Education Education Education or Achieved Achieved Achieved 0-170-170-17 18-2418-2418-24 25-4425-4425-44 45-6445-6445-64 65+65+65+ high school some college College graduate Two out of five Washington Heights and Inwood 29% 33% 38% 0 20 40 60 0 80 20 100 40 600 2080 10040 60 0 80 20 100 40 060 2080 40100 60 0 80 20 100 40 60 80 100 adults in Washington BornBornBorn outside outside outside US US US EnglishEnglishEnglish pro ciency pro ciency pro ciency Heights and Inwood 2000 2000 Manhattan 13% 23% 64% have a college degree. PAGE 8 PAGENon-fatal 8 Non-fatal Assault Assault Hospitalizations Hospitalizations IncarcerationIncarceration Twenty-nine percent of adults have not 1500 1500 NYC 19% 38% 43% completed high school, a rate higher Edit in Indesign.Edit in Indesign. Graph applies Graph appliesto all CDs. to all CDs. 1000 1000 Highest % college graduate: 4% 12% 84% than the citywide rate. Financial District, Greenwich Village-Soho

0 0 0 20 20 20 40 40 40 60 60 60 80 80 80 100100100 0 0 0 20 20 20 40 40 40 60 60 60 80 80 80 100100100 0 0 0 20 20 20 40 40 40 60 60 60 80 80 80 100100100 500 500Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2012-2016 200020002000 0 0 40 40 80 80 120 PAGEPAGEPAGE120 1608 8 8 Non-fatalNon-fatalNon-fatal160 200 Assault Assault Assault200 Hospitalizations Hospitalizations Hospitalizations IncarcerationIncarcerationIncarceration 0 0 150015001500 6 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD EditEditEdit in in in Indesign. Indesign. Indesign. Graph Graph Graph applies applies applies to to to all all all CDs. CDs. CDs. 100010001000

500500500

000 404040 808080 120120120 160160160 200200200 000 Social and Economic Conditions

Economic stress Living in high-poverty neighborhoods limits healthy options and makes it difficult to access quality health care and resources that promote health. In Washington Heights and Inwood, 20% of residents live in poverty, compared with 20% of NYC residents. Access to affordable housing and employment opportunities with fair wages and benefits are also closely associated with good health. Washington Heights and Inwood’s unemployment rate is higher than the citywide average of 9%. Rent burdened households pay more than 30% of their income for housing and may have difficulty affording food, clothing, transportation and health care. Fifty-three percentWashington of Heights and Inwood residents are rent burdened, a similar rate compared with residents citywide. One way to consider the effect of income on health is by comparing death rates among neighborhoods. “Avertable deaths” are those that could have been avoided if each neighborhood had the same death rate as the five wealthiest neighborhoods.Using this measure, 12% of deaths could have been averted in Washington Heights and Inwood.

ECONOMIC STRESS Washington Many of the Heights and factors that affect Inwood Manhattan NYC Lowest % health happen Poverty 20% 14% 20% 7% outside of a (percent of residents) Upper East Side doctor’s office. This includes Unemployment 12% 7% 9% 4% access to quality (percent of people ages 16 and older) Upper East Side education, jobs and safe spaces Rent Burden 53% 45% 51% 37% to live. Residents (percent of renter-occupied homes) Park Slope and in high-poverty Carroll Gardens neighborhoods often lack these Note: Unemployment data may differ from rates presented in other published sources. See technical notes in the public use dataset for more details. resources. Sources: Poverty: American Community Survey as augmented by NYC Opportunity, 2012-2016 (community district and NYC), 2016 (borough); Unemployment and Rent Burden: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2012-2016; Avertable Deaths: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2011-2015

Is your neighborhood gentrifying? Gentrification transforms a low-income area into a high-income area through neighborhood redevelopment. It is often defined as changes in the racial and ethnic makeup, education level and average income of a neighborhood's residents, as well as changes in housing and commercial businesses. While development may be beneficial, it is often inequitable, and can lead to displacement of long-time residents and businesses.

Gentrification can be measured in many ways. One measure that is used in NYC is to determine if a low-income neighborhood (those with the lowest 40% of average household income in 1990) saw higher than median rent growth over the past 20 years. Based on this definition, 24 neighborhoods were considered low-income in 1990, and Washington Heights and Inwood is one of 17 neighborhoods that is gentrifying.

Source: NYU Furman Center, 2015

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 7 PAGE 2 PAGE 6

Black Population by race Elementary School Abseentee On time high school graduation 100.0 Latino 87.5 75.0 72% 90 100 62.5 Other 50.0 37.5 Asian 25.0 17% 75 12.5 7% 3% 1% White 0.0 60 Asian Black Latino White Other 50 Population by age 30 45.0 25 33% 25% 22.5 19% 0 0 10% 13%

0.0 Highest Level of Education Achieved 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+

Born outside US English pro ciency

Social and Economic Conditions

0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Violence Compared with the citywide rate, Washington Heights and Inwood2000 has a lower rate of assault-related hospitalizations. PAGE 8 Non-fatal Assault Hospitalizations Incarceration NON-FATAL ASSAULT HOSPITALIZATIONS (per 100,000 people) 1500 Hospitalizations 43 Washington Heights and Inwood related to injuries fromEdit assaults in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. 49 Manhattan 1000 capture the 59 NYC consequences 500 of community 8 Lowest: Bayside and Little Neck violence. 0 40 80 120 160 200 More healthy Less healthy 0 Source: New York State Department of Health, Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, 2012-2014

Incarceration Incarceration takes a toll on individuals, families and communities. Black and Latino New Yorkers experience higher policing compared with non-Latino White New Yorkers. This leads to higher rates of detention, which may include long periods of time spent in jail before trial. People who have been incarcerated are more likely to experience mental and physical health problems. They may also have trouble finding employment and housing and accessing healthy food.

JAIL INCARCERATION (per 100,000 adults ages 16 and older) 2000

482 425 NYC 407 71 Manhattan 0 Lowest: Upper East Side Washington Heights and Inwood Source: NYC Department of Corrections, 2015-2016 PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 ADULTS REPORTING THAT THEIR NEIGHBORS Helpful neighbors Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care Strong social connections can have a positive impact AREneighbors WILLING are TO willing HELP to ONE help ANOTHER one another on the health of community members. Feeling that our (percent of adults) neighbors are willing to help each other is one aspect Washington Heights and Inwood 80% of community connection. In Washington Heights and Manhattan 70% Inwood, 80% of residents think that their neighbors are willing to help one another. This is higher than the rest of NYC 72% the city. Highest: Tottenville and Great Kills 86% Preterm births

Less healthy More healthy

Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016 0 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 9 8 COMMUNITY HEALTHHomes PROFILES with 2018: air WASHINGTON conditioners HEIGHTS AND INWOOD Pedestrian Injury 100 Teen births 80

0 20 40 60 80 100 Homes without maintenance defects

80 0 20 40 60 80 100 70 60 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 40 30 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 20 department visits 10 0 300

Cockroaches 250 200

150

100

0 0 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 8 Housing and NeighborhoodPAGE 10 Conditions PAGE 11 PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another The environment we live in can make it easier or more difficult for New Yorkers to lead healthy lives.

Air conditioning Air pollution Most heat stroke deaths in NYC occur in homes Though air quality is improving in NYC in general,Preterm it varies births without air conditioning. Nine out of 10 households by community district. In Washington Heights and Inwood, Preterm births PAGEin 8 Washington Heights and Inwood have working air PAGElevels 10 of the most harmful air pollutant, fine particulatePAGE 11 conditioners. 0 20matter 40(PM2.5), 60are 7.8 80micrograms100 per cubic meter. PAGEPercent 9 of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no0 prenatal20 care40 60 80 100 neighborsAIR CONDITIONING are willing to help one another AIR POLLUTION Homes(percent with of air households) conditioners PedestrianPAGE(micrograms Injury 9 of fine particulate matter per cubic meter) 99% Homes with air conditioners Pedestrian Injury 100 90% 93% 89% Teen births 80 More 100 Teen births healthy 60 80 9.0 60 7.8 Manhattan Preterm births 40 7.5 Washington 40 NYC 20 Less Heights and Inwood 6.0 0 healthy 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Washington Manhattan NYC Highest: Lowest: 0 Rockaway and Broad Channel PAGEHeights 9 and Tottenville and 0 20 40 60 80 100 HomesHomes withoutInwood with air maintenance conditioners defectsGreat Kills Pedestrian Injury Source: NYC Housing and Vacancy Survey, 2014 Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Air Survey, 2016 0 20 40 60 80 100 Homes without maintenance defects 0 20 40 60 80 100 80 100 Teen births 70 Housing quality 0 20 40 60 80 100 80 80 60 Every resident has the right to live in housing that is safe and70 pest-free. Poorly maintained housing is associated with 50 60 poor health outcomes, including worsened asthma andPAGE other 6012 respiratory illnesses. In Washington Heights andPAGE Inwood 12 , 40 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 40 only 33% of renter-occupied homes are adequately maintainedChild Asthma by landlords emergency – free from heating breakdowns, cracks, 30 40 Childhood Obesity 20 holes, peeling paint and other defects. Twenty-eight percentdepartment of Washington visits Heights and Inwood households report 20 30 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 10 seeing cockroaches, which is a potential asthma trigger. 20 department visits 0 0 300 10 HOMES WITHOUT MAINTENANCE 0HOMES REPORTING COCKROACHES 300 CockroachesDEFECTS (percent of renter-occupied homes) 2500 (percent20 of households)40 60 80 100 Homes without maintenance defects 250 200 Cockroaches More 0 20 40 60 80 100 80 75% 200 healthy 150 70 28% Washington Heights and Inwood 60 150 48% 100 50 44% PAGE 12 PAGE 12 20% Manhattan 100 40 33% 50 30 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity NYC 50 20 department0 visits23% 0 20 40 60 80 100Less 10 0 healthy 0 00% 20 40 Lowest:60 Tottenville80 and Great 100Kills Washington Manhattan NYC Highest: 300 Heights and Tottenville and CockroachesInwood Great Kills 250 Note: Maintenance defects include water leaks, cracks and holes, inadequate 200 Source: NYC Housing and Vacancy Survey, 2014 heating, presence of mice or rats, toilet breakdowns or peeling paint. Source: NYC Housing and Vacancy Survey, 2014 150

100 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 9 50

0 0 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11

Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another Housing and Neighborhood Conditions

Preterm births Bicycle network coverage Pedestrian injury Thirty-five percent of roads inWashington Heights Washington Heights and Inwood residents have and Inwood have bike lanes, which is higher than a lower pedestrian injury hospitalization rate than PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE0 11 20 40 60 80 100 PAGENYC overall. 9 NYC overall. Percent of adults who agree that their BikeBICYCLEHomes Lanes with NETWORK air conditioners COVERAGE Late orPEDESTRIANPedestrian no prenatal Injury care INJURY HOSPITALIZATIONS neighbors are willing to help one another (percent of streets with bike lanes) (per 100,000 people) 100 Teen births

80 35% Washington Heights and Inwood 17 Washington Heights and Inwood 60 29% Manhattan 21 Manhattan 40 NYC 23 NYC 20 10% Preterm births Highest: Crown Heights Lowest: Greenwich Village and Soho 0 45% and Prospect Heights 9

0Less healthy20 40 60 80 More100 healthy 0More healthy20 40 60 80Less healthy100 PAGE 9 Homes without maintenance defects Source: New York State Department of Health, Statewide 0 20 40 60 80 100 Homes with air conditioners 80Pedestrian Injury Planning and Research Cooperative System, 2012-2014 70 Access to bike lanes can make it easier and 100 60 safer to ride a bike more often. Teen births 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 80 40 Source: NYC Department of Transportation, 2017 60 30 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 20 department visits 40 10 0 20 Food environment 300 Bodegas are less likely to have healthy food options than SUPERMARKET TO BODEGA RATIO 0 250 supermarkets.Cockroaches The lowest ratio among NYC community For every one supermarket in Washington Heights and Inwood, districts is one supermarket for every three bodegas there200 are 13 bodegas. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Homes without maintenance defects (healthier); the highest is one supermarket for every 57 150 13 bodegas (less healthy). Washington Heights and Inwood0 is 20 40 60 80 100 80 100 70 home to four of NYC’s farmers markets, another source of 60 healthy food. 50 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 40 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 30 ChildIt is Asthma easier to emergency make healthy choices when Childhood Obesity department visits 20 healthy, affordable food is readily available. 1 10 0 300

Cockroaches 250 Supermarket Bodegas 200 Source: Farmers Markets: NYC DOHMH Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and 150 Tobacco Control, 2017; Supermarket to Bodega Ratio: New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets, October 2016 100

0 0 20 40 60 80 100 10 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD Maternal and Child Health

Pregnancy outcomes In Washington Heights and Inwood, the rate of expectant mothers Access to quality health receiving late or no prenatal care is lower than the citywide rate. One in care is critical to a mother’s 14 births to Washington Heights and Inwood residents is preterm (three health before, during and after or more weeks before the due date), lower than the citywide rate. pregnancy, and to the health of our littlest New Yorkers.

PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 LATE OR NO PRENATAL CARE Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late(percent or ofno live prenatal births) care neighbors are willing to help one another PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 1.3% 4.9% 6.1% 6.7% Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another Lowest: Manhattan NYC Financial District PAGE 8 PAGE 10 Washington Heights PAGE 11 and Inwood Preterm births Percent of adults who agree that their Source: NYCBike DOHMH, Lanes Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2015 Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another

0 20 40 60 80 100 PretermPRETERM births BIRTHS PAGE 9 (percent of live births) 8.7% NYC Homes with air conditioners Pedestrian Injury Preterm birth is 0 20 40 60 80 100 a key driver of 100 5.4% 7.3% 8.3% PAGE 9 Teen births Preterm births infant death. 80 Homes with air conditioners Pedestrian Injury Lowest: Washington Manhattan 60 Greenpoint and Heights and 100 Teen births Williamsburg Inwood 40 Source: NYC0 DOHMH,20 Bureau of40 Vital Statistics,60 2015 80 100 80 PAGE 9 20 60 Homes with air conditioners Pedestrian Injury 0 40 100 Teen pregnancy TEENTeen births BIRTHS 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Teen pregnancy has declined across NYC; (per 1,000 females ages 15 to 19) Homes without maintenance defects 80 0 Washington Heights and Inwood's teen 60 23.3 Washington Heights and Inwood 80 0 birth rate 20is 23.3 per 1,00040 teen girls.60 80 100 70 40 0 20 40 60 80 100 12.0 Manhattan 60Homes without maintenance defects 20 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 0 20 40 60 80 100 NYC 4080 0 19.3 3070 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 2060 department visits Lowest: Greenwich Village and Soho 0 20 40 60 80 100 1.0* 1050 PAGEHomes 12 without maintenance defects PAGE 12 400 300 *Interpret estimate with caution due to small number of events. 30 Child80 Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 0 20 40 60 80 100 department visits Source: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2013-2015 20Cockroaches 70250 10 60 0 200 50300 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 40 150 Child Asthma emergency Cockroaches 30250 Childhood Obesity 20100 COMMUNITYdepartment HEALTH visits PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 11 10200 050 150 300 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 100Cockroaches 250 50 200

0 150 0 20 40 60 80 100 100

0 0 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11

Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another

Preterm births

0 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 9 Homes with air conditioners Pedestrian Injury

100 Teen births 80

20 PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 0 Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes 0 20 40 60 80 100 Late or no prenatal care Homes without maintenanceneighbors defects are willingMaternal to help one and another Child Health

80 0 20 40 60 80 100 70 60 50 ChildhoodPAGE obesity 12 CHILDHOODPAGE 12 OBESITY (percent of public school children in grades K through 8) 40 A quarter of Washington Heights and Inwood Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 30 children in grades K through 8 has obesity. This 24% 16% 20% 5% Preterm births 20 department visits 10 is higher than the citywide rate of one in five. 0 300 0 20 40 60 80 100 250 Cockroaches PAGE 9 200 Homes with air conditioners WashingtonPedestrian Manhattan Injury NYC Lowest: Heights and 150 Financial District Inwood 100 Teen births 100 80 Source: NYC Department of Education, 2016-2017 50 60 0 0 20 40 60 40 80 100

20 Children’s hospitalizations and emergency department visits “Avoidable hospitalizations” are those that could be prevented with timely access to quality outpatient care. The rate of 0 avoidable pediatric hospitalizations among children ages 4 and younger in Washington Heights and Inwood is similar to the citywide rate. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Homes without maintenance defects Many childhood asthma emergency department visits could be prevented by reducing the presence of pests, mold, 0 20 40 60 80 100 80 secondhand smoke and other asthma triggers, and by taking daily medication. The asthma emergency department 70 visit rate among children ages 5 to 17 in Washington Heights and Inwood is similar to the citywide rate. The TCNY 60 50 2020 goal is to have fewer than 210 asthma emergency departmentPAGE visits 12 per 10,000 children across the entire city. PAGE 12 40 PAGE 12 PAGE 15 30 AVOIDABLE HOSPITALIZATIONS Child AsthmaCHILD ASTHMA emergency EMERGENCY Childhood Obesity 20 department visits AvoidableAMONG CHILDREN hospitalizations DEPARTMENT VISITSFlu 10 (per 100,000 children ages 4 and younger) HPV (per 10,000 children ages 5 to 17) 0 among children 100 300 100 264 Washington Heights 250 Cockroaches 587 and Inwood 80 226 223 80 200 60 60 Manhattan 488 150 40 40 100 623 NYC 20 20 50 28 118 Lowest: Borough Park 0 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Washington Manhattan NYC Lowest: 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Heights and Financial PAGE 16 Inwood District 80 PAGE 13 HIV Self-ReportedSources: Avoidable Hospitalizations Health among Children: New York State Department of Health, Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, 2014; Child Asthma Emergency Department Visits: New York State Department of Health, Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, 2015 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs.

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY.

0 20 40 60 80 100 12 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 0 PAGE 14 PAGE 17 Avoidable Hospitalizations HEP C 150

Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs.

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 0 PAGE 18 Falls Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 1 2 3 4 5

CD NYC Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) Premature Death

Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 12 PAGE 15

Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu among children 100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

Healthy Living 0 0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 PAGE 16 80 Self-reported health PAGEADULTS 13 REPORTING THEIR OWN HEALTHHIV AS "EXCELLENT," How residents feel about their own health Self-Reported"VERY GOOD" Health OR "GOOD" (percent of adults) can be a good measure of overall mental Washington Heights and Inwood 68% Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. and physical health. Sixty-eight percent Manhattan 83% of Washington Heights and Inwood residents rank their health as “excellent,” NYC 78% “very good” or “good,” lower than the rest Highest: Upper West Side 93% of NYC. The TCNY 2020 goal for the city is 0 20 40 60 80 100 at least 82%. Less healthy More healthy Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016 0 PAGE 14 Physical activity, diet and smoking PAGE 17 Seventy-seven percent of Washington HeightsAvoidable and Inwood Hospitalizations adults report getting any HEP C 150 physical activity in the past 30 days, similar to New Yorkers overall. The percentage of Federal guidelines Washington Heights and Inwood adults who report eating at least one serving of fruits recommend or vegetables in the past day is lower than the citywide average of 87%. that adults get Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. 150 minutes of Sugary drink consumption can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, moderate exercise cavities, weight gain and obesity. Industry marketing can affect behavior and sugary each week. People drinks are heavily marketed to youth and communities of color. While sugary drink who are physically consumption has decreased to 23% in NYC, the TCNY 2020 goal is to reduce sugary active are more drink consumption to less than 19% citywide. A quarter of Washington Heights and likely to live longer, 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Inwood adults drink at least one sugary drink a day. healthier lives.0 PAGE 18 The adult smoking rate in Washington HeightsFalls and Inwood is similar to the rest of the borough and other parts of NYC. The City is committed to reducing the citywide adult smoking ratePsychiatric to 12% by hospitalizations2020. Infant Mortality

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, DIET AND SMOKING (percent of adults) Washington Heights and Inwood Manhattan NYC Highest %

Any physical activity in the past 30 days 77% 81% 73% 90% Financial District, Greenwich Village- Soho At least one serving of fruits or vegetables per day 0 81%500 1000 90%1500 2000 87%2500 0 10096%200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 1 2 3 4 5 Financial District, Greenwich Village- Soho Washington Heights CD NYC and Inwood Manhattan NYC Lowest % Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) Premature One or more 12-ounce sugary drinks 23% 17% 23% 8% Death per day Financial District, Greenwich Village- Soho Current smokers 13% 13% 14% 8% Upper East Side Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 13 Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 12 PAGE 15 PAGE 12 PAGE 15 Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu amongAvoidable children hospitalizations HPV Flu Health Care among children 100 100 100 100 80 80 80 80 60 60 Access to health care 60 60 Citywide, the percentage of uninsured New Yorkers decreased in the last five years from Health insurance40 40 20% to 12%. In Washington Heights and Inwood, 14% of adults are uninsured, similar can make it easier40 40 20 20 to the rest of NYC, and 17% report going without needed medical care in the past 12 to get affordable primary care, 20 20 months, higher than the rest of NYC. The TCNY 2020 goal is to have less than 9% of New 0 0 which can help Yorkers going without needed medical care. 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 New Yorkers PAGE 16 ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE (percent of adults) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 manage chronic 80 PAGE 13 conditions and HIVPAGE 16 Washington Heights PAGE 13 80 and Inwood Manhattan Self-ReportedNYC HealthLowest % stay healthy. HIV Self-Reported Health Adults without 14% 9% 12% 3%* Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. health insurance Stuyvesant Town Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. and Turtle Bay

Adults without 17% 10% 10% 3%* needed medical care Bayside and 0 20 Little40 Neck 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 *Interpret estimate with caution due to small sample size. Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016 0 PAGE 14 0 PAGE 14 PAGE 17 AVOIDABLE HOSPITALIZATIONS Avoidable hospitalizations Avoidable Hospitalizations HEPPAGE C 17150 “Avoidable hospitalizations” are those that could be AvoidableAMONG ADULTS Hospitalizations (per 100,000 adults) HEP C 150 prevented if adults had access to quality primary care. Washington Heights The rate of avoidable hospitalizations among adults 1,339 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. and Inwood Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. in Washington Heights and Inwood is higher than the 1,072 Manhattan citywide rate. 1,033 NYC

426 Lowest: Greenwich Village and Soho

Source: New York State Department of Health, Statewide 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Planning and Research Cooperative System, 2014 0 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 0 PAGE 18 FallsFALL-RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS AMONG PAGE 18 Fall-related hospitalizations Falls Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality Washington Heights and Inwood's rate of fall-related OLDER ADULTS (per 100,000 adults ages 65 and older) Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality hospitalizations among adults ages 65 and older is lower than the citywide average. The TCNY 2020 goal 1,420 Washington Heights and Inwood is fewer than 1,410 hospitalizations per 100,000 older 1,813 Manhattan adults citywide. 1,604 NYC

667 Lowest: Queens Village 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Source: New York State Department of Health, Statewide 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 Planning500 and Research1000 Cooperative1500 System,2000 2012-20142500 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 1 2 3 4 5

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. CD NYC CD NYC For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY. Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) Premature Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) DeathPremature 14 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD Death

Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 Health Care

Influenza (flu) and pneumonia are the third leading causes of death in NYC. Everyone ages 6 months and older should get the flu vaccine every year.

Vaccinations The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protects against cancers caused by HPV. The vaccine is recommended for all children between the ages of 11 and 12. Seventy-two percent of teens ages 13 to 17 in Washington Heights and Inwood receive all recommended doses of the HPV vaccine. Two out of fiveWashington Heights and Inwood adults report getting a flu vaccine in the past 12 months, similar to the rest of NYC.

PAGE 12PAGE 12 PAGE 15PAGEHPV 15 VACCINATION FLU VACCINATION (percent of teens ages 13 to 17 who received all (percent of adults) AvoidableAvoidable hospitalizations hospitalizations HPV HPVrecommended doses of the vaccine) Flu Flu among childrenamong children 100 100 100 100 85% More More 80 72%80 healthy 80 80 healthy 63% 59% 62% 60 60 60 60 50% 43% 40 40 40 40 38%

20 20 20 20 Less Less 0 0 healthy 0 0 healthy Washington Manhattan NYC Highest: Washington Manhattan NYC Highest: 0 100 200 0300 100400 200500 300600 400700 500800 600 700 800 Heights and Hunts Point and Heights and Upper West Side PAGE 16PAGEInwood 16 Longwood Inwood 80 80 PAGE 13PAGE 13 HIV Sources:HIV HPV Vaccination: NYC DOHMH, Citywide Immunization Registry, 2017; Flu Vaccination: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016 Self-ReportedSelf-Reported Health Health Edit in Indesign.Edit in Indesign. Graph applies Graph toapplies all CDs. to all CDs.

0 0 20 20 40 40 60 60 80 80100 100

0 0 PAGE 14PAGE 14 PAGE 17PAGE 17 AvoidableAvoidable Hospitalizations Hospitalizations HEP C HEP150 C 150

Edit in Indesign.Edit in Indesign. Graph applies Graph toapplies all CDs. to all CDs.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 15

0 3000 600300 900600 1200900 15001200 1500 0 0 PAGE 18PAGE 18 Falls Falls PsychiatricPsychiatric hospitalizations hospitalizations Infant MortalityInfant Mortality

0 5000 1000500 15001000 20001500 25002000 2500 0 100 2000 300100400200500300600400700500800600 700 800 0 1 0 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 5

CD NYCCD NYC Binge DrinkingBinge Drinking (use graph (use to graph the right to the to markright topoints) mark points) PrematurePremature Death Death

Binge DrinkingBinge Drinking (use graph (use below graph to below mark topoints) mark points) 100 80 100 60 80 40 60 20 40 00 20 20 00 40 20 60 40 80 60 10080 100 Health Outcomes

Obesity, diabetes and hypertension Washington Heights and Inwood’s adult obesity rate is 26%, which is similar to the rest of NYC. The TCNY 2020 goal is to reduce the obesity rate to less than 23% citywide. More than 700,000 adult New Yorkers have been told they have diabetes. An additional 164,000 are estimated to have diabetes but not be aware. Thirteen percent of Washington Heights and Inwood adults have been diagnosed with diabetes and 28% of adults have been told they have hypertension. Rates for both are similar to the rest of NYC.

OBESITY, DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION (percent of adults) Washington Heights and Inwood Manhattan NYC Lowest % Obesity can lead to diabetes, high Obesity 26% 15% 24% 4% Financial District, blood pressure Greenwich and other health Village- Soho conditions.

Diabetes 13% 8% 11% 3% Hypertension, Financial District, Greenwich also known as high Village- Soho blood pressure, is a leading risk factor Hypertension 28% 23% 28% 15% Financial District, for heart disease Greenwich and stroke. Village- Soho

Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016

New HIV diagnoses Getting an HIV test is the first step to accessing treatment if you are positive or developing an HIV prevention strategy if you are negative.

NEW HIV DIAGNOSES (per 100,000 people)

31.1 28.5 Manhattan 24.0 NYC

0 Washington Heights and Inwood Source: NYC DOHMH, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Registry, 2016

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY.

16 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD PAGE 12 PAGE 15

Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu among children 100 100

80 80

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PAGE 12 PAGE 15 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu among children 100 100

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40 40 New hepatitis0 300 C reports600 900 1200 1500 0 Hepatitis C is a virus that damages the liver. New Yorkers born20 between 1945 and 1965 and people who have ever20 injected drugs should be tested because hepatitis C can be cured. PAGE 18 Falls 0 0 NEW HEPATITIS C REPORTS (per 100,000 people) Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 150 PAGE 16 80 PAGE 13 HIV Self-Reported Health 60.3 Edit in Indesign.77.5 Graph applies to all CDs. Manhattan 71.8 NYC

0 0 20 500 401000 150060 2000 80 2500 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 Washington Heights and Inwood 0 PAGESource: NYC 14 DOHMH, Communicable Disease Surveillance Registry, 2016 CD NYC PAGE 17 BingeAvoidable drinkingBinge Hospitalizations Drinking (use graph to theHEP right C to150 mark points) Premature Binge drinking is linked to high-risk behaviors and chronic health problems. The binge drinking rate in Washington Heights Death and Inwood is higher than the rest of NYC. The TCNY 2020 goal is to reduce binge drinking to less than 17% citywide. Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. 25% Manhattan

BINGE DRINKING 9% 17% 24% (percent of adults)

Lowest: Bensonhurst NYC Washington Heights and Inwood Note: Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks for men and four or more drinks for women on one occasion during the past 30 days. Source:0 NYC DOHMH,300 Community600 Health900 Survey,1200 2015-2016 1500 0

Psychiatric hospitalizations PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALIZATIONS PAGE 18 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 Falls Binge Drinking (use graph below to(per mark 100,000 points) adults) The rate of adult psychiatric hospitalization in Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality Washington Heights and Inwood is lower than the 565 Washington Heights citywide rate. and Inwood

750 Manhattan High psychiatric hospitalization rates likely reflect the challenges residents in 676 NYC underresourced neighborhoods face, including difficulty accessing preventive services and 223 Lowest: Woodside and Sunnyside early care, greater exposure to stressors and 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 Source:100 New200 York300 State400 Department500 600 of700 Health,800 Statewide Planning and Research 0 1 2 3 4 5 interruptions in health insurance coverage. Cooperative System, 2015 CD NYC Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For moreBinge information, Drinking visit nyc.gov/health (use graph and search to for the TCNY right. to mark points) Premature Death

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 17

Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 12 PAGE 15

Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu among children 100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 PAGE 16 80 PAGE 13 HIV Self-Reported Health PAGE 12 PAGE 15 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu among children 100 100

80 80 0 20 40 60 80 100 60 60 0 PAGE 14 40 40 PAGE 17 Avoidable Hospitalizations 20 HEP C 150 20 0 0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. PAGE 16 80 PAGE 13 HIV Self-Reported Health EditHealth in Indesign. Outcomes Graph applies to all CDs. 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 0 PAGE 18 0 20 Falls 40 60 80 100 Infant mortality Psychiatric hospitalizations InfantINFANT Mortality MORTALITY (per 1,000 live births) NYC’s infant mortality rate has declined in recent years. 0 In Washington Heights and Inwood the infant mortality Washington Heights and Inwood PAGE 14 4.3 PAGE 17 rate is similar to the citywide rate. The TCNY 2020 goal is a citywide rate of less than 4.4 per 1,000 live births. 3.4 Manhattan Avoidable Hospitalizations HEP C 150 4.4 NYC

Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. 0.8* Lowest: Upper East Side

*Interpret estimate with caution due to small number of events. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 1 2 3 4 5 Source: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2013-2015

Premature death CD NYC Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to markCancer points) and heart disease are the leadingPremature causes of premature death (death before the age of 65) in Washington Heights and Inwood, similar to the restDeath of NYC. However, Washington Heights and Inwood residents die prematurely at 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 0 a lower rate. Breast cancer (among women), lung cancer and colorectal cancer are the three leading causes of cancer- related premature death in Washington HeightsPAGE and 18 Inwood. Falls Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality NYC’s premature mortality rate (death before age 65) decreased 19% from 2006 to 2015. However, longstanding disparities persist. People living in high-poverty neighborhoods and Black New Yorkers are dying before age 65 at higher rates.

Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points)TOP CAUSES OF PREMATURE DEATH 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 rate of death before age 65 per 100,000 people (number of deaths) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Washington0 1 Heights2 3 4 5 Rank and Inwood NYC Rank Overall rate 142.0CD 169.5NYC 39.1 46.2 Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) Cancer Premature 1 (369) 1 Death 26.1 32.9 Heart disease 2 (245) 2 9.6 9.4 Drug-related 3 (89) 3 7.2 5.1 Suicide 4 (63) 7 5.6 6.4 Accidents 5 (50) 4 (excluding drug poisoning)

Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) Note: NYC rate includes premature deaths among100 NYC residents80 only60 and will differ40 from 20 other published00 sources.20 40 60 80 100 Source: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2011-2015

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY.

18 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD Notes

Neighborhood Definitions The 59 Community Districts (CDs) were established citywide by local law in 1975. For a complete listing of all CDs and their boundaries, visit communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. The CDs correspond to NYC Community Boards, which are local representative bodies. The names of neighborhoods within CDs are not officially designated. The names used in this document are not an exhaustive list of all known neighborhood names within this area.

Analyses For most data, 95% confidence intervals were calculated for CD, For a complete dataset borough and NYC estimates. If the confidence intervals did not overlap, including numbers, rates and a significant difference was inferred. This is a conservative measure of confidence intervals, as well statistical difference. For most population-level data, if a CD rate was as more technical notes on within 5% of the NYC estimate, the CD was considered similar to NYC, neighborhood definitions, otherwise the CD rate was considered higher or lower than the NYC analyses and data sources estimate. For Community Health Survey data, a t-test comparing the CD with complete citations, visit with the rest of NYC and the rest of the borough was conducted where nyc.gov/health and search for p-values ≤0.05 were considered an indication of statistical significance. Community Health Profiles or Report text highlights significant findings but does not include all visit on.nyc.gov/chp. significant results. Thepublic use dataset contains additional data.

Most estimates were evaluated for statistical stability. Estimates with a relative standard error (RSE) > 30% or with a small sample size or small numbers of events (≤ 10) are flagged as follows: “Interpret estimate with caution due to small number of events or small sample size.”

Acknowledgements Thank you to all the individuals who contributed to these reports: Loren Adams, Nellie Afshar, Tracy Agerton, Tejumadé Ajaiyeoba, Amaka Anekwe, Sonia Angell, Andrea Archer, Hannah Arnett, George Askew, Zinzi Bailey, María Baquero, Katherine Bartley, Gary Belkin, Oni Blackstock, Angelica Bocour, Sarah Braunstein, Shadi Chamany, Kuen (Iris) Cheng, Aldo Crossa, Gretchen Culp, Kisha Cummings, Sophia Day, Danielle De Souza, Regan Deming, MaryAnn Dogo-Isonagie, Christine Dominianni, Carlos Espada, Stephanie Evergreen, Shannon Farley, Stephanie Farquhar, Pauline Ferrante, Alison Frazzini, Lawrence Fung, Patrick Germain, Sasha Gibbel, Olivia Giordano, Sharon Greene, Sophia Greer, Danielle Gurr, Samson Hadush Mesfin, Myla Harrison, Fangtao He, Charisma Hooda, Seth Hostetter, Mary Huynh, Stephen Immerwahr, John Jasek, Jillian Jessup, Sarah Johnson, Kim Kessler, Kevin Konty, Hillary Kunins, Kathryn Lane, Marisa Langdon-Embry, Michael Larkin, Rachael Lazar, Carl Letamendi, Wenhui Li, Sungwoo Lim, Constance Lopez, Joseph Lormel, David Lucero, Nneka Lundy De La Cruz, Chantol Manning, Karen Aletha Maybank, Alejandra McDonough, Wendy Mckelvey, Katharine McVeigh, Aaron Mettey, Chris Miller, Caroline Mills, Tanicha Miranda, Brent Morita, Julia Morrill, Christina Norman, Carolyn Olson, Emiko Otsubo, Denise Paone, Vassiliki Papadouka, Sneha Patel, Sarah Perl, Parppim Pimmaratana, Roger Platt, Angeline Protacio, Lisa Ramadhar, Kathleen Reilly, Susan Resnick, Sojourner Rivers, Rebekkah Robbins, Subir Saha, Hannah Searing, Amber Levanon Seligson, Sophie Sharps, Tejinder Singh, Ariel Spira-Cohen, Catherine Stayton, Ying Sun, Cassiopeia Toner, Kadiatou Traore, Maryellen Tria, Tsu-Yu Tsao, Ellenie Tuazon, Rugile Tuskeviciute, Mary-Elizabeth Vachon, Gretchen Van Wye, Ashwin Vasan, Aishwarya Viswanath, Sarah Walters, Amy Wang, Jeannette Williams, Ricky Wong, Yihong Zhao, Jane Zucker and Kimberly Zweig.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD 19 Life Expectancy by Community District

Washington Heights and Inwood’s average life expectancy is 2.8 years longer than NYC overall. 84.0 75.1-79.6 years Life Expectancy

79.7-81.4 years

81.5-83.8 years

83.9-85.9 years

Unpopulated areas

Source: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2006-2015

Want more maps? Please visit nyc.gov and search for Community Health Profiles Atlas.

Contact information: For reports on the other 58 Community Districts, please visit nyc.gov and search for Community Health Profiles or email [email protected]. Copyright©2018 The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. The NYC Community Health Profiles feature information about 59 neighborhoods in NYC.

Suggested citation: Hinterland K, Naidoo M, King L, Lewin V, Myerson G, Noumbissi B, Woodward M, Gould LH, Gwynn RC, Barbot O, Bassett MT. Community Health Profiles 2018, Manhattan Community District 12: Washington Heights and Inwood; 2018; 12(59):1-20.