East Harlem DISTRICT Including East Harlem, Randalls Island and Wards Island 11

Home , East Harlem, East Side (Manhattan), Harlem, Upper East Side

MANHATTAN COMMUNITY East Harlem DISTRICT Including East Harlem, Randalls Island and Wards Island 11

Health is closely tied to our daily environment. Understanding how our neighborhood affects our physical and mental health is the first step toward building a healthier and more equitable New York City.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM 1

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NewNew YorkYork CityCity5 AV NYC population by race E 96 ST NYC population by race PAGE 2 EAST RIVER PAGE 6 PAGE 2 New York City Population by race Black PAGENew 2 York City PAGEEast 2Black Harlem PAGEElementary 6 School Abseentee On time high school graduation 100.0 100.0 Black BlackLatino POPULATION87.5 NYC population by race 87.5 PopulationLatino by race Elementary School Abseentee On time high school graduation 100.075.0 75.0 100 BY RACE AND 100.0 90 62.587.5 PAGE 2 62.5 PAGELatino 2 50% LatinoOther PAGE 6 ETHNICITY^ 50.075.0 87.550.0 Other 37.562.5 29% 32% 75.037.5 Black Population30% by race Black Asian 90 100 22% 62.5 Other Other Elementary School Abseentee On time high school graduation 25.050.0 100.0 15% 25.0 Asian 50% 100.0 12% 75 12.537.5 87.5 29% 32% 50.012.5 Latino 6% Latino New York75.0 City22% 2% 87.5 2% White 25.00.0 37.5 Asian30% Asian 60 62.5 15% 0.0 75.0 White 25.0 90 100 12.5 50.0 Asian Black Latino White Other2% Other62.5 Asian Black Latino50% White12% Other Other 75 0.0 37.5 29% 32% 12.5 50.0 6%White White 22% 37.5 2% 60 50 NYC population by race 25.0 Asian15% Black Latino White Other 0.0 Asian 30% Asian 12.5 2% Population25.0 by age 12% 75 12.5 Asian6% Black Latino White Other NYC0.0 population by age White 2% White 60 TOTAL Asian Black Latino White Other 0.0 30 50 PAGE 2 PAGE 2 Asian Black Latino White OtherPAGE 6 POPULATION NYC population by age Population by age 25 8,537,673Black 45.0 124,323Black 50 45.0 NYC population by Populationage by race Population by age Elementary School Abseentee On time high school graduation 100.0 33% 30 87.5 Latino100.032% Latino 30 25 75.0 45.0 87.5 45.0 25 45.0 75.0 45.0 23% 62.5 25% 22.5 21% 90 100 0 0 50.0 POPULATION Other62.5 Other33% 22.5 21% 32%32% 50% 33% 37.5 29% 32% 50.0 13% BY22% AGE 25% 25.0 15% Asian37.5 25% 14%30% 21%10% Asian 23%23% 22.5 21%21% 22.5 21% 0 0 12.5 22.5 2% 9% 25.0 12%22.5 75 0 0 12.5 6%14% 13% 0.0 9% White 14% 2% 10%White 6013% Asian Black Latino White Other 0.0 0.0 10% Highest Level of Education Achieved 0.0 9% Asian Black Latino White Other 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 0.0 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 0.0 Highest Level of Education Achieved 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 50 NYC population by age 0.0 Population by age 0.0 Highest Level of Education Achieved 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-6430 65+ Born outside US English pro ciency 45.0 BornBorn outside outside US US45.0 EnglishEnglish pro ciency pro ciencyBorn outside US English pro ciency 25 32% 33% BORN OUTSIDE25% Born outside US 23%EnglishBorn pro ciency outside US English pro ciency 22.5 21% 22.5 21% 0 0 THE US 14% 13% 9% 37% 10% 24% 0.0 0.0 Highest Level of Education Achieved 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+

Born outside US English pro ciencyBorn outside US English pro ciency 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

HAVE LIMITED 2000 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 ENGLISH PAGE 8 Non-fatal Assault Hospitalizations Incarceration PROFICIENCY 23% 19% 1500 20000 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 8 Non-fatal Assault Hospitalizations EditIncarceration in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. 1000 2000 1500 PAGE 8 Non-fatal Assault0 20 40 Hospitalizations 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Incarceration 500 ^White, Black, Asian and Other exclude Latino ethnicity. Latino is Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 1500 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. PAGE 8 Non-fatal Assault Hospitalizations0 40 80 120 Incarceration160 200 1000 0 Sources: Population, Race and Ethnicity and Age: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates, 2016; Born Outside the U.S. and English Proficiency:1500 U.S. Census Bureau, American Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. Community Survey, 2012-2016 1000 Edit in Indesign. Graph500 applies to all CDs. 1000 2 COMMUNITY0 HEALTH40 PROFILES80 2018: EAST120 HARLEM160 200 500 500 0 0 40 80 120 160 200 0 40 80 120 160 200 0 0 Note from Oxiris Barbot, Commissioner, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

We are pleased to present the 2018 Community Health Profiles, a look into the health of New York City’s (NYC) 59 diverse community districts.

The health of NYC has never been better. Our city’s life expectancy is 81.2 years, 2.5 years higher than the national average.

However, not all residents have the same opportunities to lead a healthy life. A ZIP code should not determine a person’s health, but that’s the reality in so many cities, including our own.

The Community Health Profiles allow us to see how much health can vary by neighborhood. Policies and practices based on a history of racism and discrimination (often referred to as structural racism) have created neighborhoods with high rates of poverty and limited access to resources that promote health. The practice of removing funding or refusing to provide funding to communities of color has caused poor health outcomes to cluster in these communities.

The Community Health Profiles also show how important community resources, and funding to create and sustain these resources, are to health outcomes. For example, supermarkets provide more access to fresh foods than bodegas. However, in some neighborhoods with obesity rates higher than the citywide average, just 5% of food establishments are supermarkets, making it difficult for residents to make healthy choices.

Addressing these inequities may seem like a daunting task, but by working together, we can dismantle the unjust policies and practices that contribute to poor health in our communities. Through Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020), and other New York City Health Department programs, we work with community partners to give every resident the same opportunity for good health. We are making progress, but there is more work to do.

Reducing health inequities requires policymakers, community groups, health professionals, researchers and residents to work together for change at every level. We look forward to working with you to improve the health of our city.

Sincerely,

Oxiris Barbot, MD

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM 3 Table of Contents

Who We Are Healthy Living PAGE 2 PAGE 13

Understanding Health Health Care Inequities in New York City PAGE 14-15 PAGE 5

Social and Economic Health Outcomes Conditions PAGE 16-18 PAGE 6-8

Housing and Notes Neighborhood Conditions PAGE 19 PAGE 9-10

Map and Contact Maternal and Child Health PAGE 11-12 Information BACK COVER

NAVIGATING THIS DOCUMENT This profile covers all of Manhattan’s Community District 11, which includesEast Harlem, Randalls Island and Wards Island. This is one of 59 community districts in NYC. The community district with the most favorable outcome in NYC for each measure is presented throughout the report. Sometimes this is the highest rate (e.g., physical activity) and sometimes this is the lowest rate (e.g., infant mortality). Some figures include an arrow to help readers understand the direction of the healthier outcome. This profile uses the following color coding system:

LOWEST/HIGHEST EAST HARLEM MANHATTAN NEW YORK CITY COMMUNITY DISTRICT

4 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM Understanding Health Inequities in New York City

The ability to live a long and healthy life is not equally available to all New Yorkers. A baby born to a family that lives in the Upper East Side will live 11 years longer than a baby born to a family in Brownsville. This inequity is unacceptable.

Resources and opportunities are at the root of good health. These include secure jobs with benefits, well-maintained and affordable housing, safe neighborhoods with clean parks, accessible transportation, healthy and affordable food, and quality education and health care.1 In NYC, access to these resources and opportunities are not equitably distributed. Neighborhoods with residents of color often have fewer resources.

Since the 1600s—when NYC was established by colonization—racist policies and practices have shaped where New Yorkers live and go to school, what jobs they have and what their neighborhoods look like. Over time, these policies and practices have built on each other to create deep inequity.

For example, in the 1930s the federal government developed a policy known as redlining. As part of this policy, neighborhoods were rated based on the race, ethnicity and national origin of their residents. Neighborhoods that were home to people of color, like Central Harlem and Brownsville, were outlined in red on a map. They were labeled as "hazardous" and no home loans or other investments were approved there. The wealthiest and Whitest neighborhoods in NYC received, and continue to receive, more investment and opportunities for health.2

The denial of resources and opportunities that support good health contributes to the differences in life expectancy we see today. Experiencing racism is also a health burden, creating chronic stress that contributes to major causes of death, like diabetes and heart disease.3

To better understand the successes and challenges in each of NYC’s 59 neighborhoods, the Community Health Profiles present data on a range of measures. These data should be interpreted with an understanding that good health is not only determined by personal choices. Many other factors shape differences in health outcomes, including past and current discrimination based on race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation and other identities. We hope the Community Health Profiles support your efforts in making NYC more equitable for all. For more information on the New York City Health Department programs and services that are closing the gap in health outcomes, visit nyc.gov/health.

1 Marmot M, Friel S, Bell R, et al. Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. The Lancet. 2008; 372(9650): 1661–1669. 2 Undesign the Redline. http://www.designingthewe.com/undesign-the-redline. Accessed March 13, 2018. 3 Krieger N. Embodying inequality: A Review of Concepts, Measures, and Methods for Studying Health Consequences of Discrimination. International Journal of Health Services. 1999; 29(2): 295-352.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM 5 Social and Economic Conditions

Education Higher education levels are associated with better health outcomes. Missing too many days of school can cause students to fall behind and increases their risk of dropping out. East Harlem’s elementary school absenteeism rate is higher than the rate for NYC overall. Two-thirds of high school students in East Harlem graduate in four years, lower PAGE 2 PAGE 2 PAGE 6 PAGEthan the 6 citywide rate.

Black Black ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ABSENTEEISM ON-TIME HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION PopulationPopulation by race by race Elementary School Abseentee On time high school graduation Elementary(percent School of public Abseentee school students in grades K through 5 missingOn time 19 or high(percent school of public graduation school students graduating in four years) 100.0 100.0 Latino Latino more school days) 87.5 87.5 75.0 75.0 90 100 96% Other 90 100 62.5 62.5 50% 50% Other 50.0 50.0 37.5 37.5 30% 30% Asian Asian 75% 25.0 73% 25.0 12% 12% 75 75 12.5 12.5 6% 6% 67% 2% 2% White White 60 0.0 0.0 60 Asian BlackAsianLatinoBlackWhiteLatinoOtherWhite Other PAGEPAGEPAGE 2 2 2 PAGEPAGEPAGE 6 6 6 50 50 PopulationPopulation by age by age PopulationPopulationPopulation by by by race race race BlackBlackBlack 30% ElementaryElementaryElementary School School School Abseentee Abseentee Abseentee OnOnOn time time time high high high school school school graduation graduation graduation 30 100.0100.0100.0 30 LatinoLatinoLatino 87.587.587.5 20% 45.0 45.0 18% 25 25 75.075.075.0 909090 100100100 33% 33% 62.562.562.5 50%50%50% OtherOtherOther 50.050.050.0 5% 23% 23% 37.537.537.5 22.5 22.521% 21% 30%30%30% 0 0 AsianAsianAsian 0 0 25.025.025.0 13% 13% 12%12%12% East Harlem Manhattan NYC Lowest: East Harlem Manhattan NYC757575 Highest: 10% 10% 12.512.512.5 6%6%6% 2%2%2% WhiteWhiteWhite 0.00.00.0 Bayside and606060 Little Neck Financial District AsianAsianAsian BlackBlackBlack LatinoLatinoLatinoWhiteWhiteWhite OtherOtherOther 0.0 0.0 HighestHighest Level of Level Education of Education Achieved Achieved 0-17 18-240-1725-4418-2445-6425-44 65+45-64 65+ 505050 PopulationPopulationPopulation by by by age age age Source: NYC Department of Education, 2016-2017 Note: NYC and borough On-time High School Graduation data may differ from rates presented in other published sources. See technical notes in the public use dataset 303030 for more details. Born outsideBorn outside US US 45.045.045.0EnglishEnglish pro ciency pro ciency Source: NYC Department of Education,25 25201725 33%33%33% 21%21%21% 23%23%23% 22.522.522.5 HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION000 ACHIEVED (percent of adults ages 25 and older) 000 10%10%10% 13%13%13% High school 0.00.00.0 HighestHighestLessHighest than Level Level Level graduateof of of Education Education Education or Achieved Achieved Achieved 0-170-170-17 18-2418-2418-24 25-4425-4425-44 45-6445-6445-64 65+65+65+ high school some college College graduate Nearly two out East Harlem 25% 37% 38% 0 20 40 60 0 80 20 100 40 600 2080 10040 60 0 80 20 100 40 060 2080 40100 60 0 80 20 100 40 60 80 100 of five adults in BornBornBorn outside outside outside US US US EnglishEnglishEnglish pro ciency pro ciency pro ciency East Harlem have 2000 2000 Manhattan 13% 23% 64% a college degree. PAGE 8 PAGENon-fatal 8 Non-fatal Assault Assault Hospitalizations Hospitalizations IncarcerationIncarceration Twenty-five percent of adults have not 1500 1500 NYC 19% 38% 43% completed high school, a rate higher Edit in Indesign.Edit in Indesign. Graph applies Graph appliesto all CDs. to all CDs. 1000 1000 Highest % college graduate: 4% 12% 84% than the citywide rate. Financial District, Greenwich Village-Soho

0 0 0 20 20 20 40 40 40 60 60 60 80 80 80 100100100 0 0 0 20 20 20 40 40 40 60 60 60 80 80 80 100100100 0 0 0 20 20 20 40 40 40 60 60 60 80 80 80 100100100 500 500Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2012-2016 200020002000 0 0 40 40 80 80 120 PAGEPAGEPAGE120 1608 8 8 Non-fatalNon-fatalNon-fatal160 200 Assault Assault Assault200 Hospitalizations Hospitalizations Hospitalizations IncarcerationIncarcerationIncarceration 0 0 150015001500 6 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM EditEditEdit in in in Indesign. Indesign. Indesign. Graph Graph Graph applies applies applies to to to all all all CDs. CDs. CDs. 100010001000

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000 404040 808080 120120120 160160160 200200200 000 Social and Economic Conditions

Economic stress Living in high-poverty neighborhoods limits healthy options and makes it difficult to access quality health care and resources that promote health. In East Harlem, 23% of residents live in poverty, compared with 20% of NYC residents. Access to affordable housing and employment opportunities with fair wages and benefits are also closely associated with good health. East Harlem’s unemployment rate is higher than the citywide average of 9%. Rent burdened households pay more than 30% of their income for housing and may have difficulty affording food, clothing, transportation and health care. Forty-eight percent of East Harlem residents are rent burdened, a lower rate than residents citywide. One way to consider the effect of income on health is by comparing death rates among neighborhoods. “Avertable deaths” are those that could have been avoided if each neighborhood had the same death rate as the five wealthiest neighborhoods.Using this measure, 42% of deaths could have been averted in East Harlem.

ECONOMIC STRESS East Harlem Manhattan NYC Lowest % Many of the factors that affect Poverty 23% 14% 20% 7% health happen (percent of residents) Upper East Side outside of a doctor’s office. Unemployment 11% 7% 9% 4% This includes (percent of people ages 16 and older) Upper East Side access to quality education, jobs Rent Burden 48% 45% 51% 37% (percent of renter-occupied homes) and safe spaces Park Slope and to live. Residents Carroll Gardens in high-poverty

Note: Unemployment data may differ from rates presented in other published sources. See technical notes in the public use dataset neighborhoods for more details. often lack these Sources: Poverty: American Community Survey as augmented by NYC Opportunity, 2012-2016 (community district and NYC), 2016 resources. (borough); Unemployment and Rent Burden: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2012-2016; Avertable Deaths: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2011-2015

Is your neighborhood gentrifying? Gentrification transforms a low-income area into a high-income area through neighborhood redevelopment. It is often defined as changes in the racial and ethnic makeup, education level and average income of a neighborhood's residents, as well as changes in housing and commercial businesses. While development may be beneficial, it is often inequitable, and can lead to displacement of long-time residents and businesses.

Gentrification can be measured in many ways. One measure that is used in NYC is to determine if a low-income neighborhood (those with the lowest 40% of average household income in 1990) saw higher than median rent growth over the past 20 years. Based on this definition, 24 neighborhoods were considered low-income in 1990, and East Harlem is one of 17 neighborhoods that is gentrifying.

Source: NYU Furman Center, 2015

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM 7 PAGE 2 PAGE 6

Black Population by race Elementary School Abseentee On time high school graduation 100.0 Latino 87.5 75.0 90 100 62.5 50% Other 50.0 37.5 30% Asian 25.0 12% 75 12.5 6% 2% White 0.0 60 Asian Black Latino White Other 50 Population by age 30 45.0 25 33% 23% 22.5 21% 0 0 10% 13%

0.0 Highest Level of Education Achieved 0-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+

Born outside US English pro ciency

Social and Economic Conditions

0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Violence Compared with the citywide rate, East Harlem has a higher rate of assault-related2000 hospitalizations. PAGE 8 Non-fatal Assault Hospitalizations Incarceration NON-FATAL ASSAULT HOSPITALIZATIONS (per 100,000 people) 1500 Hospitalizations 130 East Harlem related to injuries fromEdit assaults in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. 49 Manhattan 1000 capture the 59 NYC consequences 500 of community 8 Lowest: Bayside and Little Neck violence. 0 40 80 120 160 200 More healthy Less healthy 0 Source: New York State Department of Health, Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, 2012-2014

Incarceration Incarceration takes a toll on individuals, families and communities. Black and Latino New Yorkers experience higher policing compared with non-Latino White New Yorkers. This leads to higher rates of detention, which may include long periods of time spent in jail before trial. People who have been incarcerated are more likely to experience mental and physical health problems. They may also have trouble finding employment and housing and accessing healthy food.

JAIL INCARCERATION (per 100,000 adults ages 16 and older) 2000

1,291

425 NYC 407 71 Manhattan 0 Lowest: Upper East Side East Harlem Source: NYC Department of Corrections, 2015-2016 PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 ADULTS REPORTING THAT THEIR NEIGHBORS Helpful neighbors Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care Strong social connections can have a positive impact AREneighbors WILLING are TO willing HELP to ONE help ANOTHER one another on the health of community members. Feeling that our (percent of adults) neighbors are willing to help each other is one aspect of East Harlem 67% community connection. In East Harlem, 67% of residents Manhattan 70% think that their neighbors are willing to help one another. This is similar to the rest of the city. NYC 72% Highest: Tottenville and Great Kills 86% Preterm births

Less healthy More healthy

Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016 0 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 9

8 HomesCOMMUNITY with air HEALTH conditioners PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM Pedestrian Injury 100 Teen births 80

0 20 40 60 80 100 Homes without maintenance defects

80 0 20 40 60 80 100 70 60 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 40 30 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 20 department visits 10 0 600

Cockroaches 500 400

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0 0 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 8 Housing and NeighborhoodPAGE 10 Conditions PAGE 11 PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another The environment we live in can make it easier or more difficult for New Yorkers to lead healthy lives.

Air conditioning Air pollution Most heat stroke deaths in NYC occur in homes Though air quality is improving in NYC in general,Preterm it varies births without air conditioning. Nine out of 10 households by community district. In East Harlem, levels of the most Preterm births PAGE in8 East Harlem have working air conditioners. PAGE harmful10 air pollutant, fine particulate matter (PM2.5),PAGE are 11 0 208.2 micrograms40 60 per cubic80 meter.100 PAGEPercent 9 of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no 0prenatal20 care40 60 80 100 neighborsAIR CONDITIONING are willing to help one another AIR POLLUTION Homes (percentwith air of households) conditioners PedestrianPAGE(micrograms Injury 9 of fine particulate matter per cubic meter) 99% Homes with air conditioners Pedestrian Injury 100 88% 93% 89% Teen births 80 More 100 Teen births healthy 60 80 9.0 8.2 Manhattan 40 60 Preterm births East Harlem 7.5 40 NYC 20 Less 6.0 0 healthy 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Lowest: East Manhattan NYC Highest: 0 PAGE 9Harlem Tottenville and Rockaway and Broad Channel 0 20 40 60 80 100 HomesHomes without with air maintenance conditioners defectsGreat Kills Pedestrian Injury Source: NYC Housing and Vacancy Survey, 2014 Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Air Survey, 2016 0 20 40 60 80 100 Homes without maintenance defects 0 20 40 60 80 100 80 100 Teen births 70 Housing quality 0 20 40 60 80 100 80 80 60 Every resident has the right to live in housing that is safe and70 pest-free. Poorly maintained housing is associated 50 60 with poor health outcomes, including worsened asthmaPAGE and 1260 other respiratory illnesses. In East Harlem, onlyPAGE 42% of12 40 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 40 renter-occupied homes are adequately maintained byChild landlords Asthma – free emergency from heating breakdowns, cracks, holes, peeling 30 40 Childhood Obesity 20 paint and other defects. Thirty-six percent of East Harlemdepartment households visits report seeing cockroaches, which is a potential 20 30 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 10 asthma trigger. 20 department visits 0 0 600 10 HOMES WITHOUT MAINTENANCE 0HOMES REPORTING COCKROACHES 600 CockroachesDEFECTS (percent of renter-occupied homes) 5000 (percent20 of 40households)60 80 100 Homes without maintenance defects 500 400 Cockroaches More 0 20 40 60 80 100 80 75% 400 healthy 300 70 36% East Harlem 60 300 48% 200 50 44% PAGE 12 PAGE 12 42% 20% Manhattan 200 40 100 30 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity NYC 100 20 department0 visits23% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Less 10 0 healthy 0 00% 20 40 Lowest:60 Tottenville80 and Great 100Kills East Harlem Manhattan NYC Highest: 600 Tottenville and Cockroaches Great Kills 500 Note: Maintenance defects include water leaks, cracks and holes, inadequate 400 Source: NYC Housing and Vacancy Survey, 2014 heating, presence of mice or rats, toilet breakdowns or peeling paint. Source: NYC Housing and Vacancy Survey, 2014 300

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Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another

Housing and Neighborhood Conditions

Preterm births Bicycle network coverage Pedestrian injury Thirty percent of roads in East Harlem have bike East Harlem residents have a higher pedestrian injury PAGE 8 PAGElanes, which10 is higher than NYC overall. PAGE0hospitalization 11 20 rate40 than60 NYC overall.80 100 PAGE 9 Percent of adults who agree that their BikeBICYCLEHomes Lanes with NETWORK air conditioners COVERAGE Late orPEDESTRIANPedestrian no prenatal Injury care INJURY HOSPITALIZATIONS neighbors are willing to help one another (percent of streets with bike lanes) (per 100,000 people) 100 Teen births

80 30% East Harlem 29 East Harlem 60 29% Manhattan 21 Manhattan 40 NYC 23 NYC 20 10% Preterm births Highest: Crown Heights 0 45% and Prospect Heights 9 Lowest: Greenwich Village and Soho

0Less healthy20 40 60 80 More100 healthy 0More healthy20 40 60 80Less healthy100 PAGE 9 Homes without maintenance defects Source: New York State Department of Health, Statewide 0 20 40 60 80 100 Homes with air conditioners 80Pedestrian Injury Planning and Research Cooperative System, 2012-2014 70 Access to bike lanes can make it easier and 100 60 safer to ride a bike more often. Teen births 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 80 40 Source: NYC Department of Transportation, 2017 60 30 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 20 department visits 40 10 0 20 Food environment 600 0 BodegasCockroaches are less likely to have healthy food options than SUPERMARKET500 TO BODEGA RATIO supermarkets. The lowest ratio among NYC community For every one supermarket in East Harlem, there are 17 bodegas. 0 20 40 60 80 100 400 Homes without maintenance defects districts is one supermarket for every three bodegas (healthier); the highest is one supermarket for every 57 300 0 20 40 60 17 80 100 80 bodegas (less healthy). East Harlem is home to eight of 200 70 NYC’s farmers markets, another source of healthy food. 60 100 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 40 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 30 ChildIt is Asthma easier to emergency make healthy choices when Childhood Obesity 20 departmenthealthy, affordable visits food is readily available. 10 0 600 1 Cockroaches 500 400 Supermarket Bodegas 300

200 Source: Farmers Markets: NYC DOHMH Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Tobacco Control, 2017; Supermarket to Bodega Ratio: New York State Department of 100 Agriculture and Markets, October 2016

0 0 20 40 60 80 100

10 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM Maternal and Child Health

Pregnancy outcomes In East Harlem, the rate of expectant mothers receiving late or no Access to quality health prenatal care is higher than the citywide rate. One in nine births to East care is critical to a mother’s Harlem residents is preterm (three or more weeks before the due date), health before, during and after higher than the citywide rate. pregnancy, and to the health of our littlest New Yorkers.

PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 LATE OR NO PRENATAL CARE Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late(percent or ofno live prenatal births) care neighbors are willing to help one another PAGE 8 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 1.3% 4.9% 6.7% 8.4% Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another Lowest: Manhattan NYC East Harlem PAGE 8 FinancialPAGE District 10 PAGE 11 PretermSource: NYC DOHMH,births Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2015 Percent of adults who agree that their Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care neighbors are willing to help one another

0 20 40 60 80 100 PretermPRETERM births BIRTHS PAGE 9 (percent of live births) 8.7% Homes with air conditioners Pedestrian Injury Preterm birth is 0 20 40 60 80 100 a key driver of 100 5.4% 8.3% 10.8% PAGE 9 Teen births Preterm births infant death. 80 Homes with air conditioners Pedestrian Injury Lowest: Manhattan NYC East Harlem 60 Greenpoint and Williamsburg 100 Teen births 40 Source: NYC0 DOHMH,20 Bureau of40 Vital Statistics,60 2015 80 100 80 PAGE 9 20 60 Homes with air conditioners Pedestrian Injury 0 40 100 Teen pregnancy TEENTeen births BIRTHS 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Teen pregnancy has declined across NYC; (per 1,000 females ages 15 to 19) Homes without maintenance defects 80 0 East Harlem's teen birth rate is 24.9 per 60 24.9 East Harlem 80 0 1,000 teen20 girls. 40 60 80 100 70 40 0 20 40 60 80 100 12.0 Manhattan 60Homes without maintenance defects 20 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 0 20 40 60 80 100 NYC 4080 0 19.3 3070 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 2060 department visits Lowest: Greenwich Village and Soho 0 20 40 60 80 100 1.0* 1050 PAGEHomes 12 without maintenance defects PAGE 12 400 600 *Interpret estimate with caution due to small number of events. 30 Child80 Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 0 20 40 60 80 100 department visits Source: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2013-2015 20Cockroaches 70500 10 60 0 400 50600 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 40 300 Child Asthma emergency Cockroaches 30500 Childhood Obesity 20200 COMMUNITYdepartment HEALTH visits PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM 11 10400 1000 300 600 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 200Cockroaches 500 100 400

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Percent of adults who0 20agree40 that60 their80 100 Bike Lanes Late or no prenatal care Homes without maintenanceneighbors defects are willingMaternal to help one and another Child Health

80 0 20 40 60 80 100 70 60 50 ChildhoodPAGE obesity 12 CHILDHOODPAGE 12 OBESITY (percent of public school children in grades K through 8) 40 A quarter of East Harlem children in grades K Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 30 through 8 has obesity. This is higher than the 20 department visits 23% 16% 20% 5% Preterm births 10 citywide rate of one in five. 0 600 0 20 40 60 80 100 500 Cockroaches PAGE 9 400 Homes with air conditioners EastPedestrian Harlem Manhattan Injury NYC Lowest: 300 Financial District 100 Teen births 200 Source: NYC Department of Education, 2016-2017 80 100 60 0 0 20 40 60 40 80 100 Children’s hospitalizations and emergency department visits 20 “Avoidable hospitalizations” are those that could be prevented with timely access to quality outpatient care. The rate of 0 avoidable pediatric hospitalizations among children ages 4 and younger in East Harlem is higher than the citywide rate.

Many childhood asthma emergency department visits could be0 prevented20 by reducing40 the presence60 of pests,80 mold, 100 Homes without maintenance defects secondhand smoke and other asthma triggers, and by taking daily medication. The asthma emergency department 80 visit rate among children ages 5 to 17 in East Harlem is more than double the citywide rate. The TCNY 2020 goal is to 0 20 40 60 80 100 70 have fewer than 210 asthma emergency department visits per 10,000 children across the entire city. 60 50 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 40 AVOIDABLE HOSPITALIZATIONS CHILD ASTHMA EMERGENCY 30 PAGE 12 PAGE 15 Child Asthma emergency Childhood Obesity 20 AMONG CHILDREN departmentDEPARTMENT visits VISITS 10 Avoidable(per 100,000 children hospitalizations ages 4 and younger) HPV (per 10,000 children ages 5 to 17)Flu 0 among children 100 600 580 100

Cockroaches 1,374 East Harlem 80 500 80 400 60 60 488 Manhattan 300 264 40 223 40 200 623 NYC 20 20 100 28 118 Lowest: Borough Park 0 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 East Manhattan NYC Lowest: 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Harlem Financial PAGE 16 District PAGE 13 80 Sources: Avoidable Hospitalizations among Children: New York State DepartmentHIV of Health, Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, Self-Reported2014; Child Asthma Emergency Health Department Visits: New York State Department of Health, Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, 2015 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY.

0 20 40 60 80 100 12 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM 0 PAGE 14 PAGE 17 Avoidable Hospitalizations HEP C 150

Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs.

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 PAGE 18 Falls Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

CD NYC Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) Premature Death

Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 12 PAGE 15

Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu among children 100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

Healthy Living 0 0

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 PAGE 16 80 Self-reported health PAGEADULTS 13 REPORTING THEIR OWN HEALTHHIV AS "EXCELLENT," How residents feel about their own health Self-Reported"VERY GOOD" Health OR "GOOD" (percent of adults) can be a good measure of overall mental East Harlem 76% Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. and physical health. Seventy-six percent Manhattan 83% of East Harlem residents rank their health as “excellent,” “very good” or “good,” similar NYC 78% to the rest of NYC. The TCNY 2020 goal for Highest: Upper West Side 93% the city is at least 82%. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Less healthy More healthy Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016 0 PAGE 14 Physical activity, diet and smoking PAGE 17 150 Sixty-eight percent of East Harlem adults reportAvoidable getting Hospitalizations any physical activity in the HEP C past 30 days, similar to New Yorkers overall. The percentage of East Harlem adults who Federal guidelines report eating at least one serving of fruits or vegetables in the past day is similar to the recommend Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. citywide average of 87%. that adults get 150 minutes of Sugary drink consumption can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, moderate exercise cavities, weight gain and obesity. Industry marketing can affect behavior and sugary each week. People drinks are heavily marketed to youth and communities of color. While sugary drink who are physically consumption has decreased to 23% in NYC, the TCNY 2020 goal is to reduce sugary active are more likely to live longer, drink consumption to less than 19% citywide.0 More500 than1000 a quarter1500 of East2000 Harlem2500 0 adults drink at least one sugary drink a day. healthier lives. PAGE 18 Falls The adult smoking rate in East Harlem is higher than the rest of Manhattan, but similar Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality to other parts of NYC. The City is committed to reducing the citywide adult smoking rate to 12% by 2020.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, DIET AND SMOKING (percent of adults)

East Harlem Manhattan NYC Highest %

Any physical activity in the past 30 days 68% 81% 73% 90% Financial District, Greenwich Village- Soho At least one serving of fruits or vegetables per day 0 84%500 1000 90%1500 2000 87%2500 0 96%500 1000 1500 2000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Financial District, Greenwich Village- Soho CD NYC East Harlem Manhattan NYC Lowest % Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) Premature One or more 12-ounce sugary drinks 29% 17% 23% 8% Death per day Financial District, Greenwich Village- Soho Current smokers 18% 13% 14% 8% Upper East Side Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM 13 Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 12 PAGE 15 PAGE 12 PAGE 15 Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu amongAvoidable children hospitalizations HPV Flu among children 100 100 Health Care 100 100 80 80 80 80 60 60 60 60 Access to health care 40 40 Citywide, the percentage of uninsured New Yorkers decreased in the last five years from Health insurance40 40 20% to 12%. In East Harlem, 12% of adults are uninsured and 14% report going without can make it easier20 20 20 20 needed medical care in the past 12 months, similar to the rest of NYC. The TCNY 2020 to get affordable primary care, 0 0 goal is to have less than 9% of New Yorkers going without needed medical care. 0 0 which can help 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 New Yorkers PAGE 16 ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE (percent of adults) 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 80 PAGE 13 manage chronicHIVPAGE 16 PAGE 13 80 East Harlem Manhattan Self-ReportedNYC HealthLowest % conditions and HIV Self-Reported Health stay healthy. Adults without 12% 9% 12% 3%* Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. health insurance Stuyvesant Town Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. and Turtle Bay

Adults without 14% 10% 10% 3%* needed medical care Bayside and 0 20 Little40 Neck 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 *Interpret estimate with caution due to small sample size. Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016 0 PAGE 14 0 PAGE 14 PAGE 17 AVOIDABLE HOSPITALIZATIONS Avoidable hospitalizations Avoidable Hospitalizations HEPPAGE C 17150 “Avoidable hospitalizations” are those that could be AvoidableAMONG ADULTS Hospitalizations (per 100,000 adults) HEP C 150 prevented if adults had access to quality primary care. The rate of avoidable hospitalizations among adults in 2,262 East Harlem Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. East Harlem is more than double the citywide rate. 1,072 Manhattan

1,033 NYC

426 Lowest: Greenwich Village and Soho

Source: New York State Department of Health, Statewide 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Planning and Research Cooperative System, 2014 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 PAGE 18 FallsFALL-RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS AMONG PAGE 18 Fall-related hospitalizations Falls Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality East Harlem's rate of fall-related hospitalizations OLDER ADULTS (per 100,000 adults ages 65 and older) Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality among adults ages 65 and older is higher than the citywide average. The TCNY 2020 goal is fewer than 1,775 East Harlem 1,410 hospitalizations per 100,000 older adults citywide. 1,813 Manhattan

1,604 NYC

667 Lowest: Queens Village 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Source: New York State Department of Health, Statewide 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 Planning500 and Research1000 Cooperative1500 System,2000 2012-20142500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. CD NYC CD NYC For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY. Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) Premature Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) DeathPremature Death 14 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM

Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 Health Care

Influenza (flu) and pneumonia are the third leading causes of death in NYC. Everyone ages 6 months and older should get the flu vaccine every year.

Vaccinations The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protects against cancers caused by HPV. The vaccine is recommended for all children between the ages of 11 and 12. Seventy-one percent of teens ages 13 to 17 in East Harlem receive all recommended doses of the HPV vaccine. Nearly half of East Harlem adults report getting a flu vaccine in the past 12 months, similar to the rest of NYC.

PAGE 12PAGE 12 PAGE 15PAGEHPV 15 VACCINATION FLU VACCINATION (percent of teens ages 13 to 17 who received all (percent of adults) AvoidableAvoidable hospitalizations hospitalizations HPV HPVrecommended doses of the vaccine) Flu Flu among childrenamong children 100 100 100 100 85% More More 80 8071% healthy 80 80 healthy 63% 59% 62% 60 60 60 60 50% 46% 43% 40 40 40 40

20 20 20 20 Less Less 0 0 healthy 0 0 healthy East Manhattan NYC Highest: East Manhattan NYC Highest: 0 300 0 600 300900 6001200 9001500 1200 1500 Harlem Hunts Point and Harlem Upper West Side PAGE 16PAGE 16 Longwood 80 80 PAGE 13PAGE 13 HIV Sources:HIV HPV Vaccination: NYC DOHMH, Citywide Immunization Registry, 2017; Flu Vaccination: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016 Self-ReportedSelf-Reported Health Health Edit in Indesign.Edit in Indesign. Graph applies Graph toapplies all CDs. to all CDs.

0 0 20 20 40 40 60 60 80 80100 100

0 0 PAGE 14PAGE 14 PAGE 17PAGE 17 AvoidableAvoidable Hospitalizations Hospitalizations HEP C HEP150 C 150

Edit in Indesign.Edit in Indesign. Graph applies Graph toapplies all CDs. to all CDs.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM 15

0 5000 1000500 15001000 20001500 25002000 2500 0 0 PAGE 18PAGE 18 Falls Falls PsychiatricPsychiatric hospitalizations hospitalizations Infant MortalityInfant Mortality

0 5000 1000500 15001000 20001500 25002000 2500 0 5000 1000500 15001000 20001500 2000 0 1 0 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 6 5 6

CD NYCCD NYC Binge DrinkingBinge Drinking (use graph (use to graph the right to the to markright topoints) mark points) PrematurePremature Death Death

Binge DrinkingBinge Drinking (use graph (use below graph to below mark topoints) mark points) 100 80 100 60 80 40 60 20 40 00 20 20 00 40 20 60 40 80 60 10080 100 Health Outcomes

Obesity, diabetes and hypertension East Harlem’s adult obesity rate is 28%, which is similar to the rest of NYC. The TCNY 2020 goal is to reduce the obesity rate to less than 23% citywide. More than 700,000 adult New Yorkers have been told they have diabetes. An additional 164,000 are estimated to have diabetes but not be aware. Seventeen percent of East Harlem adults have been diagnosed with diabetes and 34% of adults have been told they have hypertension. The rate of diabetes in this community is higher than the NYC average, while the rate of hypertension is similar.

OBESITY, DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION (percent of adults)

East Harlem Manhattan NYC Lowest % Obesity can lead to diabetes, high Obesity 28% 15% 24% 4% Financial District, blood pressure Greenwich and other health Village- Soho conditions.

Diabetes 17% 8% 11% 3% Hypertension, Financial District, Greenwich also known as high Village- Soho blood pressure, is a leading risk factor Hypertension 34% 23% 28% 15% Financial District, for heart disease Greenwich and stroke. Village- Soho

Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016 New HIV diagnoses Getting an HIV test is the first step to accessing treatment if you are positive or developing an HIV prevention strategy if you are negative.

NEW HIV DIAGNOSES (per 100,000 people)

49.9

28.5 Manhattan 24.0 NYC

0 East Harlem Source: NYC DOHMH, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Registry, 2016

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY.

16 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM PAGE 12 PAGE 15

Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu among children 100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 0

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 PAGE 16 80 PAGE 13 HIV Self-Reported Health Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs.

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 PAGE 14 PAGE 17 Avoidable Hospitalizations HEP C 150

PAGE 12 PAGE 15 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu among children Health Outcomes 100 100 80 80

60 60

New hepatitis0 500 C reports1000 1500 2000 250040 40 Hepatitis C is a virus that damages the liver. New Yorkers born between 1945 and 1965 and 0people who have ever injected drugs should be tested because hepatitis C can be cured. 20 20 PAGE 18 Falls NEW HEPATITIS C REPORTS (per 100,000 people) 0 Psychiatric hospitalizations0 Infant Mortality 150 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 PAGE 16 129.5 80 PAGE 13 HIV Self-Reported Health 77.5 Edit in Indesign.Manhattan Graph applies to all CDs. 71.8 NYC

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 East Harlem Source: NYC DOHMH, Communicable Disease Surveillance Registry, 2016 0 PAGE 14 CD NYC PAGE 17 Binge drinkingBinge Drinking (use graph to the right to150 mark points) Premature BingeAvoidable drinking is linkedHospitalizations to high-risk behaviors and chronicHEP health C problems. The binge drinking rate in East Harlem is Death similar to the rest of NYC. The TCNY 2020 goal is to reduce binge drinking to less than 17% citywide.

17% NYC Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs.

BINGE DRINKING 9% 18% 25% (percent of adults)

Lowest: Bensonhurst East Harlem Manhattan

Note: Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks for men and four or more drinks for women on one occasion during the past 30 days. Source: NYC DOHMH, Community Health Survey, 2015-2016 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 PsychiatricBinge hospitalizations Drinking (use graph below toPSYCHIATRIC mark points) HOSPITALIZATIONS PAGE 18 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 Falls (per 100,000 adults) The rate of adult psychiatric hospitalization in Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality East Harlem is nearly triple the citywide rate. 1,901 East Harlem High psychiatric hospitalization rates 750 Manhattan likely reflect the challenges residents in underresourced neighborhoods face, including 676 NYC difficulty accessing preventive services and early care, greater exposure to stressors and 223 Lowest: Woodside and Sunnyside interruptions in health insurance coverage. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 Source: New500 York State1000 Department1500 of Health,2000 Statewide Planning and Research 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cooperative System, 2015

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. CD NYC For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY. Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) Premature Death

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM 17

Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 PAGE 12 PAGE 15

Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu among children 100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 0

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 PAGE 16 80 PAGE 13 HIV Self-Reported Health PAGE 12 PAGE 15 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. Avoidable hospitalizations HPV Flu among children 100 100

80 80 0 20 40 60 80 100 60 60 0 PAGE 14 40 40 PAGE 17 Avoidable Hospitalizations 20 HEP C 150 20 0 0

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. PAGE 16 80 PAGE 13 HIV Self-Reported Health EditHealth in Indesign. Outcomes Graph applies to all CDs. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 PAGE 18 0 20 Falls 40 60 80 100 Infant mortality Psychiatric hospitalizations InfantINFANT Mortality MORTALITY (per 1,000 live births) NYC’s infant mortality rate has declined in recent years. 0 In East Harlem the infant mortality rate is higher than East Harlem PAGE 14 5.9 PAGE 17 the citywide rate. The TCNY 2020 goal is a citywide rate of less than 4.4 per 1,000 live births. 3.4 Manhattan Avoidable Hospitalizations HEP C 150 4.4 NYC

Edit in Indesign. Graph applies to all CDs. 0.8* Lowest: Upper East Side

*Interpret estimate with caution due to small number of events. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Source: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2013-2015

CD NYC Premature death Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) Premature Cancer and heart disease are the leading causes of premature death (death before the age of 65) in East Harlem, 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Death 0 similar to the rest of NYC. However, East Harlem residents die prematurely at a higher rate. Lung cancer, breast cancer (among women) and colorectal cancer are thePAGE three 18 leading causes of cancer-related premature death in East Harlem. Falls Psychiatric hospitalizations Infant Mortality NYC’s premature mortality rate (death before age 65) decreased 19% from 2006 to 2015. However, longstanding disparities persist. People living in high-poverty neighborhoods and Black New Yorkers are dying before age 65 at higher rates.

Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points)TOP CAUSES OF PREMATURE DEATH 100 80 60 40 20 00 20 40 60 80 100 rate of death before age 65 per 100,000 people (number of deaths) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rank East Harlem NYC Rank Overall rate 288.9CD 169.5NYC 63.3 46.2 Binge Drinking (use graph to the right to mark points) Cancer Premature 1 (352) 1 Death 50.2 32.9 Heart disease 2 (279) 2 18.5 5.9 HIV 3 (103) 6 18.0 9.4 Drug-related 4 (101) 3 11.3 6.4 Accidents 5 (62) 4 (excluding drug poisoning)

Binge Drinking (use graph below to mark points) Note: NYC rate includes premature deaths among100 NYC residents80 only60 and will differ40 from 20 other published00 sources.20 40 60 80 100 Source: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2011-2015

Take Care New York 2020 (TCNY 2020) is the City’s blueprint for giving everyone the chance to live a healthier life. For more information, visit nyc.gov/health and search for TCNY.

18 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM Notes

Neighborhood Definitions The 59 Community Districts (CDs) were established citywide by local law in 1975. For a complete listing of all CDs and their boundaries, visit communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. The CDs correspond to NYC Community Boards, which are local representative bodies. The names of neighborhoods within CDs are not officially designated. The names used in this document are not an exhaustive list of all known neighborhood names within this area.

Analyses For most data, 95% confidence intervals were calculated for CD, For a complete dataset borough and NYC estimates. If the confidence intervals did not overlap, including numbers, rates and a significant difference was inferred. This is a conservative measure of confidence intervals, as well statistical difference. For most population-level data, if a CD rate was as more technical notes on within 5% of the NYC estimate, the CD was considered similar to NYC, neighborhood definitions, otherwise the CD rate was considered higher or lower than the NYC analyses and data sources estimate. For Community Health Survey data, a t-test comparing the CD with complete citations, visit with the rest of NYC and the rest of the borough was conducted where nyc.gov/health and search for p-values ≤0.05 were considered an indication of statistical significance. Community Health Profiles or Report text highlights significant findings but does not include all visit on.nyc.gov/chp. significant results. Thepublic use dataset contains additional data.

Most estimates were evaluated for statistical stability. Estimates with a relative standard error (RSE) > 30% or with a small sample size or small numbers of events (≤ 10) are flagged as follows: “Interpret estimate with caution due to small number of events or small sample size.”

Acknowledgements Thank you to all the individuals who contributed to these reports: Loren Adams, Nellie Afshar, Tracy Agerton, Tejumadé Ajaiyeoba, Amaka Anekwe, Sonia Angell, Andrea Archer, Hannah Arnett, George Askew, Zinzi Bailey, María Baquero, Katherine Bartley, Gary Belkin, Oni Blackstock, Angelica Bocour, Sarah Braunstein, Shadi Chamany, Kuen (Iris) Cheng, Aldo Crossa, Gretchen Culp, Kisha Cummings, Sophia Day, Danielle De Souza, Regan Deming, MaryAnn Dogo-Isonagie, Christine Dominianni, Carlos Espada, Stephanie Evergreen, Shannon Farley, Stephanie Farquhar, Pauline Ferrante, Alison Frazzini, Lawrence Fung, Patrick Germain, Sasha Gibbel, Olivia Giordano, Sharon Greene, Sophia Greer, Danielle Gurr, Samson Hadush Mesfin, Myla Harrison, Fangtao He, Charisma Hooda, Seth Hostetter, Mary Huynh, Stephen Immerwahr, John Jasek, Jillian Jessup, Sarah Johnson, Kim Kessler, Kevin Konty, Hillary Kunins, Kathryn Lane, Marisa Langdon-Embry, Michael Larkin, Rachael Lazar, Carl Letamendi, Wenhui Li, Sungwoo Lim, Constance Lopez, Joseph Lormel, David Lucero, Nneka Lundy De La Cruz, Chantol Manning, Karen Aletha Maybank, Alejandra McDonough, Wendy Mckelvey, Katharine McVeigh, Aaron Mettey, Chris Miller, Caroline Mills, Tanicha Miranda, Brent Morita, Julia Morrill, Christina Norman, Carolyn Olson, Emiko Otsubo, Denise Paone, Vassiliki Papadouka, Sneha Patel, Sarah Perl, Parppim Pimmaratana, Roger Platt, Angeline Protacio, Lisa Ramadhar, Kathleen Reilly, Susan Resnick, Sojourner Rivers, Rebekkah Robbins, Subir Saha, Hannah Searing, Amber Levanon Seligson, Sophie Sharps, Tejinder Singh, Ariel Spira-Cohen, Catherine Stayton, Ying Sun, Cassiopeia Toner, Kadiatou Traore, Maryellen Tria, Tsu-Yu Tsao, Ellenie Tuazon, Rugile Tuskeviciute, Mary-Elizabeth Vachon, Gretchen Van Wye, Ashwin Vasan, Aishwarya Viswanath, Sarah Walters, Amy Wang, Jeannette Williams, Ricky Wong, Yihong Zhao, Jane Zucker and Kimberly Zweig.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILES 2018: EAST HARLEM 19 Life Expectancy by Community District

East Harlem’s average life expectancy is 3.9 years shorter than NYC overall.

77.3 75.1-79.6 years Life Expectancy

79.7-81.4 years

81.5-83.8 years

83.9-85.9 years

Unpopulated areas

Source: NYC DOHMH, Bureau of Vital Statistics, 2006-2015

Want more maps? Please visit nyc.gov and search for Community Health Profiles Atlas.

Contact information: For reports on the other 58 Community Districts, please visit nyc.gov and search for Community Health Profiles or email [email protected]. Copyright©2018 The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. The NYC Community Health Profiles feature information about 59 neighborhoods in NYC.

Suggested citation: Hinterland K, Naidoo M, King L, Lewin V, Myerson G, Noumbissi B, Woodward M, Gould LH, Gwynn RC, Barbot O, Bassett MT. Community Health Profiles 2018, Manhattan Community District 11: East Harlem; 2018; 11(59):1-20.