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EVALUATING THE AD2000 MOVEMENT

June 2001 • The U.S. Center for World Mission • 23:2

Worshiporship ThatThat Moves the Recognizing the critical role of indigenous worship in planting.

www.missionfrontiers.org

CONTENTS Worship and Mission 10 Worship That Moves the Soul RUSSELL SHUBIN—A CONVERSATION WITH PROFESSOR ROBERTA KING ON THE IMPACT OF ETHNO-WORSHIP. 16 Reclaiming the CHRIS HALE—ANCIENT MUSICAL STYLES OF INDIA TRANSFORM THE WORSHIP OF CHRIST. 18 What Happened When Grandma Danced PAUL DENEUI—A FIELD DESCRIBES THE IMPACT OF INDIGENOUS WORSHIP.

20 A Song from the Heart Departments SUE HALL AND PAUL NEELEY—THE VAGLA PEOPLE OF GHANA CUMMUNICATE THE MESSAGE IN THEIR COLUMNS OWN MUSICAL STYLE. 4 Editorial Comment Ralph D. Winter 22 The Dangers of “ 6 MF Behind the Scenes Wheel” Worship Rick Wood RALPH D. WINTER 42 Further Reflections Greg Parsons 23 Every Team Needs One LOCAL RESOURCES DAVE HALL—THE ESSENTIAL ROLE Pg. 24 30 An Open Letter on Giving In Kenya OF THE WORSHIP-ARTS LEADER. Gideon Kiongo—A Kenyan speaks to the Kenyan Church on systemic 26 Some Things Remain the Same problems in giving. RON MAN—IN THE MIDST OF DIVERSITY IN STUDENT MOBILIZER Dreaming the Impossible WORSHIP, CERTAIN TRUTHS ARE UNCHANGING. 36 Shibu K. Matthew—Mobilizing the youth of India for global impact.

The AD2000 Movement ETC. 8 Letters 32 Passing the Baton Can native drums be sanctified? RICK WOOD—THE LASTING IMPACT OF THE News AD2000 AND BEYOND MOVEMENT. 39 32 Mission Frontiers is published 6 times a year. Circulation:Circulation:Circulation: 80,000. Contents copyright ©2001 by the U.S. Center for World Mission. Subscriptions are by suggested donation of $18. Call 626-398-2249 The U.S. Center for World Mission is a member of the IFMA Editorial & Business Office: 1605 Elizabeth, Pasadena, CA 91104, USA (Interdenominational Foreign Mission Association), the EFMA (Evangelical Fellowship of Mission Agencies, which is related Contact (24 hours): Phone: 626-797-1111 • Fax: 626-398-2263. to the National Association of Evangelicals) and the EPA The Bulletin of the E-ma il: E-mail: [email protected] (Evangelical Press Association). Note that the IFMA, mentioned U.S. Center for World Mission W ebsite: Website: www.missionfrontiers.org first, founded in 1917, performs the same functions as (and Vol. 23, No. 2 assisted in the founding of) the ECFA (Evangelical Council for Ralph D. WinterWinter, Editor • Rick WoodWood, Managing Editor • RussellRussellRussell June 2001 ShubinShubinShubin,,, Ian DownsDowns, Assistant Editors • Dan EddyEddy,Eddy• Circulation Financial Accountability). The IFMA investigates far more than ISSN 0889-9436 Lorena WoodWood, Advertising Manager • Erin HalleyHalley, Donor Relations the financial dimension of a member mission. ness we have, of ’s majesty. Editorial Comment Otherwise those words can become Ralph D. Winter no more than a Hindu mantra. Thus, if our awareness of God’s glory is confused or distorted by the When she learns about puzzling issues of Claudia’s visitors, Few Christian thinkers the first visitor, she reacts our worship is going to be limited to instantly with, “Sick- our actual experience of that glory. today write with the ness is never God’s will! Yet we commonly hear people penetration and Haven’t you read the wondering out loud why would God boldness of Philip ? The devil stalks have “done” this or that dastardly deed, Yancey. His experience like a roaring lion, but as though there is no other power contemplating a God will deliver you if working to tear down His Glory. beautiful young bride you can muster up I would not give you a dime for enough to believe the idea that God’s sovereignty is suddenly devastated by you will be healed … limited by His “inability” to know a fatal illness is where Simply name your what choices His created beings will this editorial begins. promise, in faith, and make in the future, or the reverse It does not end there. then claim the victory.” extreme that nothing really happens Claudia was exhausted that is dead wrong or truly evil. Our mission in this world is not yet so and confused. Apparently a handful of “openness” perfectly obvious that we can consign A fourth visitor theologians are being accused of the it to a marginal place in our daily lives, “brought along some first extreme. And Today our wallets, our awareness. books about praising (April 23, p. 103) gives a whole page God for everything that to let us hear them stoutly deny this. happens.” This very But I would give you far more Claudia, a beautiful young bride spiritual woman told Claudia, “You than a dime to know more about that only a year into a glorious marriage, need to come to the place where you “other” person in this world whose is now suddenly confined to a hospital can say, ‘God, I love you for making sole occupation is incessantly to bed, her beauty rapidly fading, her me suffer like this.’” This repulsed pervert and despoil God’s goodness body sinking into unexpected and yet Claudia. Is God really like that? What and creation, and to twist our under- certain death from Hodgkin’s disease. kind of glory of God is that? standing of what in this world God This we hear from Philip Yancey. On and on. You must get Yancey’s does or doesn’t do. But his (true) story only begins there. book—Where Is God When It Hurts Yancey is right to bring this puzzle Now six kinds of visitors show up. (Zondervan, 1990). before us. Why are our usual hospital One is a deacon. He solemnly and This is not just an intellectual “visitors” so confused about the virtually earnestly “reminds” Claudia that our problem. It has a great deal to do with omnipresent pain, suffering, premature God would not “do such a thing to Who and how we worship. death, and the myriad examples in our her” unless He had some good reason, What is the connection between world of the distortion of God’s unless there was some sin, some worship and a day by day deeper intent—in a word, evil? Or, why are lesson for her to learn. Search for that awareness of the true glory of God? If we so illiterate—so seldom discuss- in faith, he said. But, in her weakness worship hinges on our sense of His ing—what precisely are “the works of she could not think of anything she “worth-ship” we can’t go on singing the devil” which “the Son of God had done wrong. And, anyway, why again and again “Majesty, Worship appeared to destroy” (1 Jn. 3:8)? such a violent punishment? His Majesty” and expect the mere As a matter of fact, how in this Another visitor is an ebullient, repetition of those words alone to world of universal pain and violence, cheerful woman. She arrives with deepen our awareness of His Glory. can anyone for a moment question the flowers and flowery words to cheer. Jack Hayford did not write that existence of a Satanic campaign to She insists on changing the subject magnificent song so much to gain or reduce and distort the true glory of every time Claudia refers to her procure a sense of God’s majesty as to God? How can we be content if we do illness. She overflows with exciting express his awareness of it—and to not learn more of the details and how stories. She does not come back. She allow us to do so along with him. to fight back? has done her duty. But the power of his marvelous Frontier mission is that activity Another woman arrives with great song hinges on the degree of whatever which focuses on precisely the confused confidence in the power of faith. true sense we have, what true aware- edge of our active awareness of 4 4 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 How, in this world of universal pain and violence, can anyone for a moment question the existence of a Satanic campaign to reduce and distort the true glory of God?

Satan’s domain of global destruction. and they understand that our faithful four children die every sixty seconds This bulletin is focused on mission God is not only mindful of the nature from the work of that devious, frontiers, not on what is already clear of evil but He is, with our help, in the ingenious, metamorphing parasite and widely accepted. Like Yancey, our process of conquering it. Only in that called malaria? At the minimum, are thinking is intended to probe the process of conquest can the full meaning we not shouting to the world that the borders, the frontiers of our under- be glimpsed in John’s brief statement God we worship has not enlisted us standing of God’s Mandate. that “the Son of God appeared for this on His side in this endeavor? Many interpret the Great Commis- purpose that He might destroy the Don’t blame Calvin. He did not have sion to be merely the global extension works of the devil (1 Jn. 3:8).” the faintest idea about germs and he only of knowledge, the “all things I () We can ask, “Where were our faintly understood the evil intelligence have taught you.” Look again. The theologians when one of the most embodied in the masses of parasites text clearly says something far more outstanding theologians of all time, that inflict us. With greater knowledge than that. It has Jesus requiring us to Jonathan Edwards, sought—against comes new responsibility. make certain that that knowledge is theological opposition—to do away And, worse by far, it may very “obeyed,” that is, acted on. A colossal with smallpox?” Massachusetts well be that Calvin, along with difference. Merely 1) to know Jesus pastors back then condemned him for Thomas Aquinas, Luther, etc., were healed people, and 2) to both know “interfering with Divine Providence.” infected by an Augustinian pagan and “obey” that knowledge, is the What kind of Satan-favoring, God- from neo-Platonism that difference between, say, 1) a casual distorting is that? conceived of God as actually orches- intellectual reflection on the existence Why did it take another 200 years trating evil for good—not after the of disease germs and parasites and 2) for any concerted effort to eliminate fact, but in its very initiation! The idea an active sense of duty to eliminate smallpox from the face of the earth? is, we must not fight evil but simply them in the Name of Christ. And why, when it did happen, was it resign ourselves to it, knowing that a This is why mission is more (although not any kind of direct result of good God would never have anything not less) than sending . We Christian initiative? but good in mind for us in “doing cannot—now that we know oodles more Can we not better worship and these harmful things to us.” than we ever have about what can be glorify a God who is pleased by the How much more logical to believe done to eliminate and totally exterminate ending of the horrible annual toll of what the Bible clearly assures us, that various disease pathogens—we cannot two million people dying by small- God is able to use for good—and with go on just praying for people. We pox, that most terrible of all deaths? our help ultimately triumph over—the worship a God who urges us to do what Why is our mission to this evil- evil deeds of Satan after they happen, we are able to do to fight back against ridden world not more strategically but that He does not guide Satan or the works of Satan which harass and obedient to God’s concern to triumph “put him up to” evil. ravage not only millions of precious over that evil? Maybe it is, as my pastor I personally don’t put great stock children and believing families in the (Gordon Kirk, Lake Avenue Church, in mere philosophizing, but I am very Sudan but invade and plague our own Pasadena) put it, “Satan’s greatest concerned that so very, very little of the people in the USA with rampant heart achievement is to cover his tracks.” vast energies of the world’s millions disease and diverse cancers. What happens to the quality of our upon millions of followers of Christ How long will our pre-scientific worship if we only go around the are so marginal and distantly related allow us to go on believing world making plain by “actions that to the major matter of eliminatable evil. naively that if we will just “live right” speak louder than words” that the God And I believe that to many intelligent and “eat the right thing” that we will not we worship is able merely to offer observers of Christianity our integrity succumb to any of the virulent viruses, malarial ridden sufferers a bed on and credibility are at stake. bacteria, parasites, and many other which to die? Does this not mean He In many spheres of international violences that pervade our sad world? does not know or care, or even with mission, even among non-literate (but In other words, what may well be our help is unable to do anything, to intelligent) people, the very viability “all to the good” is definitely not eliminate malaria once and for all? and impact of our preaching is gravely always good enough. Urging sick and Or, does it not affect our worship blunted. Are we misrepresenting a dying people to “praise the ” if we worship a God that does not ask zealous and loving God in stopping short becomes much more inspirational if we us to do anything about the fact that of the true depth of His mission? www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 555 beginning... When their diversity unites MFMFMF Behind the Scenes in worship to God, the beauty of their praise will echo the depth and great- Rick Wood, Managing Editor ness of God’s beauty far more exceed- ingly than if the redeemed were from impact that we desire. An ongoing only one or a few different people reliance on Western worship forms will groups.” not do. By helping the various peoples of In this issue of MF we describe the the earth develop their own unique impact that worshiping through indigenous worship we become indigenous music and forms is having partners with God in completing the on church planting efforts around the international choir of worship that God world. You will read many stories of has ordained from to be how it has made a heartfelt difference offered up to Christ. This is indeed a in the lives of the people we want to task worthy of our greatest efforts. reach for Christ. See the section Saying Good-bye to a Good We Need a New Standard for starting on page 10 with the interview FriendFriendFriend Church Planting with Dr. Roberta King of the Fuller For over twelve years now Mission Until recent times the need has School of World Mission. Frontiers has reported on the accom- been almost totally overlooked and There is a growing recognition of plishments and exploits of the global ignored. It has been a devastating this need for indigenous worship on the effort known as the AD2000 and cultural blind spot that has often part of a number of mission agencies Beyond Movement. We have probably crippled church planting efforts around and training institutions. See the list of given more pages of coverage to this the world. It has taken us almost two training courses on page 27. amazing global movement than any centuries to recognize the need. I am The choice of whether to embrace other publication in the world because speaking of the need to make worship indigenous worship music and forms is they were effectively implementing our indigenous to every people on earth in an important one with eternal ramifica- common vision to bring the Gospel to fulfillment of Rev. 5:9 and 7:9. tions for those we want to reach. Not every people. Starting on page 32, you Making the Gospel indigenous to only will it affect whether the Gospel can read the final words of the leaders every tribe and tongue involves helping becomes indigenous and therefore of this historic movement and read a every people learn to worship God in a understandable and available to people, summary of what the thousands of way that is natural and meaningful to but as Dr. King indicates in our participants in this movement accom- them within their culture. Unfortu- interview with her on page 15, people plished by working together toward a nately, the common practice of the past can be drawn away into heretical common goal. of simply translating Western hymns movements like the African Indepen- In accordance with their bylaws like Amazing Grace into the local dent Churches because these move- and original intentions, the AD2000 language still goes on today. This can ments satisfy the hunger of these and Beyond Movement closed its no longer be the accepted standard people for indigenous worship. doors on March 31, 2001. It is now up practice in church planting if an Continuing to try to satisfy this hunger to all of us to take the baton that they indigenous and naturally reproducing with translated western hymns or have passed to us and carry it across Gospel within every people is our goal. modern praise music will only exacer- the goal line of a church for every It is already generally recognized bate the problem. people and the Gospel for every that translation of the Scriptures into In Rev. 5:9 and 7:9 we see all of person. For His glory, the mother tongue of every people is redeemed humanity, represented by essential for a church planting move- every tribe, tongue, people and nation, ment to be established and nurtured to worshiping Christ because of the maturity. Likewise, it is now time for He made to save us. They are the development of indigenous worship not a uniform mass of humanity but a Please continue to remember our music (ethnomusicology) and worship diverse group of peoples that God has need for your financial support by forms (ethno-worship) to become the ordained to offer up the praise and sending in a gift of $18 or more. widely accepted standard for all of our worship that Christ deserves. John We’d be grateful if you could take church planting efforts. It must become Piper in his book, Let the Nations Be a moment now to make out your a high priority along with the transla- Glad, says, “This diversity will not check to Mission Frontiers and tion of the Scriptures if our church disappear in the new heavens and the return it in the reply envelope planting efforts are to have the full new earth. God willed it from the provided. Thank you! —Rick

6 6 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 Join us in spreading mission vision through Mission Frontiers. Send in your gift of $18 or more today. Please consider a monthly gift of $18 or an annual gift of $185 to reach 70 new people. You may use the enclosed reply envelope. Which state will make it to 100 percent first? 22.4%22.4%22.4% 81.8% 13.1%13.1%13.1% 0% 0% 83.3% 17.6% 15.6% 17%17%17% 16.7%16.7% 55.7%55.7%55.7% 59.3% 20.8% 18.9%18.9%18.9% 16.7%16.7%16.7% 39.5% 1.5%1.5%1.5% 0%0%0% 15.8%15.8%15.8% R.I. 3.5%3.5%R.I. 51.7%51.7%51.7% 2.2% 6.7% 28.2%28.2% 11.5%11.5%11.5% 11.2% 28.2%28.2%28.2% 50.3% 4.6%4.6%4.6% 0% 0% 50.3% 31.8% 52.4%52.4%52.4% 15.9%15.9%15.9% 12.9%12.9%12.9% 34.3%34.3%34.3% 5.2% 4.9% 4.7% DC 0%0%DC 14.9%14.9%14.9% 8.5%8.5%8.5% 15.5%15.5%15.5% 8%8%8% 5.3% 72.6%72.6%72.6% 26.1% Montana is now in 10.5% 6.7% 2.8% the lead 31.4%31.4%31.4% with 21% 21% 21% 21% 83.3% 9% 9% 29.7%29.7%29.7% The number over each state refers 14.6%14.6%14.6% to the percentage of their costs to receive MF that have been covered by donations from that state. Contextualized Ministry Among Native L ETTERS Americans: Can Drums Be Sanctified?

MF received a letter from a reader with some serious Response from Richard Twiss: concerns about certain approaches to contextualization I have known Leon for several years and admire his among Native Americans. His comments were spurred by the faithful commitment to serve the people of the Oglala interview with Richard Twiss entitled, “That the Natives Lakota/Sioux Nation. Pine Ridge is the home of my father’s Might Lift Jesus Up,” found on pages 8-11 in our September people. Several years ago, at Leon’s invitation, I was a guest 2000 issue. Here is an excerpt where Richard Twiss shares on his radio program there, as well as a guest in his home. his views regarding the use of native drums for worship: Thank you for the opportunity to respond to some of his “We view [the drum] as any man-made object. ... As in many concerns. First, when I say “invites the Holy Spirit to come churches, evangelical, charismatic, non-charismatic, the prayer on his drum,” what I mean, as I stated previously, [See quote at the beginning of the service is, ‘Holy Spirit, we invite you at left.] is that a believer, indwelt by the Spirit of God, can to participate with us in this meeting and lift our eyes to see invite the Holy Spirit to bless or anoint their playing of a Jesus.’ So, we usually do it with an acoustic guitar ... But if a drum for praise and worship in the same way we would ask native Christian takes his drum and he invites the Holy Spirit the Holy Spirit to anoint or bless a prayer, song, or sermon. to come on his drum, we don’t see that as un-Biblical or The Holy Spirit indwells and anoints people to play instru- compromising Scriptural truth. Nor do we see that as ments of music for the glory of God and the edification and syncretism. ...” enjoyment of His people. Comparing a Ouija board to a Native drum is an unequal Read the full interview at: www.missionfrontiers.org/2000/04/twisstlk.htm “apples and oranges” comparison. It is my understanding Letter from a Lakota pastor: that the Ouija board’s exclusive use is a medium of commu- As I read the comments from Richard Twiss, I was amazed nication with demonic spirits for guidance, etc., with its roots that, until now, I had never seen him say that he invites the in Druidic occultism, while the drum is a musical instrument Holy Spirit to come on his drum. This is interesting and of percussion or rhythm, which was a feature of ancient would be, in most people's minds, syncretism. As a Lakota Jewish worship. pastor who contextualizes the message of Christ, I believe In the Old Testament we see radically different uses for Mr. Twiss is weak in some places. Actually, he only partly various musical instruments. In Psalm 150, instruments are contextualizes to one group of native people. Most native used to praise the one true Jehovah/God. In Isaiah 5:11-12, people are bi-cultural—maybe even tri-cultural. You have to carnal people used musical instruments for their drunken go deep into some reservations to find people who only parties. Finally, in Daniel 3, Nebuchadnezzar used them to practice their ways. call people to false, demonic worship and . Here is the question: If it is true that a drum can be used, Some of the instruments, one being the harp, are used in even though some people have considered it sacred, and we all three cases. There is conceptually, only one identical harp use his or contextualization, then we could do being used by each group for a distinct purpose, as opposed this with other objects. Let us look to a Ouija board. Using to an evil harp, godly harp, and carnal harp. The problem is Mr. Twiss' method of looking at something used for spirit not the instrument, but the heart of the musician. Likewise, manipulation, we could still use it. Maybe we could play there is not an evil drum, godly drum, and worldly drum. The another game with this same board. After all, it is man-made drum, conceptually, is simply a , not a and we are new creations, right? You see, it does not make medium of spirit communication. sense, and Mr. Twiss has tried to change the minds of many Contextualization is always a challenge. To be thoroughly people, but he has not worked out his contextualization. I Biblical, our missiology must be supra-cultural—able to would hope that you would not print these type of articles work in any country, among any people. Do we see African without the voice of people actually working fulltime in believers using their historical drums for Christ-honoring ministry. I serve in Pine Ridge, South Dakota, and I am worship today? I believe their drums were/are used for the trying to be respectful, but Mr. Twiss does not speak for the same reason our First Nations drums were used in North Lakota pastors working in the field. I have asked him to America. If using our drums, which were considered sacred come to Pine Ridge and bring his methods, but he chooses objects, is syncretistic, then to be theologically consistent, not to come to Lakota Country. we would have to say the African, Polynesian, etc., tribal I am sorry if I have offended anyone, but I am getting believers’ use of their drums is also syncretistic and the same tired of people speaking about theory. I am working in my as using a Ouija board, (which we know is not the case). homeland as a Lakota pastor, and I have to stand before them Richard Twiss on a daily basis. Rosebud Lakota/Sioux Pastor Leon Matthews President, Wiconi International Pine Ridge Gospel Fellowship www.wiconi.com • 360-546-1867 [email protected] • 605-867-5535 Send letters to [email protected] or write us at the address below. We reserve the right to edit for clarity and brevity.

8 8 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 OPERATION WORLD 2001 IS COMING!

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SPECICAL PRICES FOR BULK PURCHASES Worship That Moves the Soul R. King A conversation with Roberta King —Russell G. Shubin

Roberta King, Ph.D. came to Fuller Theological Mission Frontiers: Why should the North American Seminary in January 2000 after serving 22 years in church be passionate about ethno-worship? Africa with CB International. While in Africa, she was Roberta King: The ultimate reason is that it is relevant to based at Daystar University in Nairobi, Kenya, where our culture today. It is relevant to the global world that we she facilitated the setting of Scripture to song in over 70 live in. languages from peoples in 11 African and two Asian We don’t live in a monocultural situation, even in the countries. At Fuller, King is now Associate Professor of States. It’s becoming even more multicultural, as we see Communication and Ethnomusicology. She also main- people coming from many different nations. In addition, in tains her commitment to CBI, serving as an Interna- California, for example, we have numerous, large ethnic tional Resource Specialist. Both positions allow her to populations. Ethno-worship recognizes those people. It expand her work in ethnomusicology beyond the African allows for the differences that are found within each of continent. those people groups—but it also allows Jesus Christ to remain the center focus.

10 10 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 Then you have the Jesus” and we moved to global perspective. As we more of a chorus of that live in a global world and Ethno-What? time 20 years ago— we’re interacting with one Some brief definitions for newcomers to issues of worship “Heaven Came Down and another, we need to be and cultural forms. Glory Filled My Soul.” And aware of one another in Ethnodoxology: The study of the worship of God in the then out came the Kenyan order to communicate in world’s cultures; the theological and practical study of music with a kayamba (a meaningful ways. As we how and why people of other cultures praise and glorify Kenyan shaker-type go out doing mission we the true and living God. instrument). Standing need to be aware of how Ethnomusicology: An academic discipline committed to beside me was a Kenyan to worship in ways that are active analysis, documentation and participant-observation Presbyterian . All meaningful. You have to of the ever-burgeoning musics of the world’s cultures. It is of a sudden he changed. He move into the territory of interdisciplinary, drawing from the fields of anthropology, switched from being the people where you are linguistics and musicology.1 immobile to just being full ministering. They will see Ethno-worship: A near synonym of ethnodoxology. of light and life and was the world in different ways. Frequently used in reference to worship through song in worshiping wholeheartedly. If we expect them, or diverse cultures. That’s when I started ask them, to come into the ______saying, “There’s something 1. Adapted from “Ethnomusicology,” R. King in the Evangelical Dictionary of World way we worship and they Missions, Scott Moreau, Ed., Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2000, p. 327. going on here.” don’t understand what we MF: How have recent do, they are missing out on the message. What we want to do efforts to foster indigenous worship contributed to is get our message across. So, ethnodoxology, in terms of the expansion of the Kingdom? missions and being global, is recognizing people for where King:King:King: I was working with a small group of Senufo in Côte they’re at and allowing them to be who they are before God. d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) called the Nyarafolo. They are an God knew what He was doing when He made them— oral people with no translation of the Scriptures. They and ethno-worship allows them to be released to worship now have the book of Mark translated into their language. God in meaningful ways, allowing them to connect with There was a group of 12 believers who wanted to worship God in much the same way we connect. We want the in Nyarafolo styles. I’ve worked with them off and on over connection. It is not the form of worship that is to be the last 9 or 10 years. Two years ago we did a song idolized. It is the person of Jesus Christ that we want to translation of Genesis 1-4 on cassette. The goal was to worship. Too often we confuse these two. answer the question that was on their hearts. They were MF: Was there a particular defining moment when asking, “What do our mothers and fathers, brothers and you recognized the peculiar power of worship in sisters need to know about God in order to understand mission?mission?mission? who He is?” King:King:King: I don’t think there was one defining moment. It was a So we made two audio cassette tapes in the indigenous series of moments. About every six months, I found language and musical style. The tapes started going all myself saying, “Lord, You mean you want me to do this?” The defining moments are when you see people who are just “ho-hum” in worship, and then you provide an opportunity for them to worship in ways that are meaningful to them. Then the “ah-hah” happens and they come alive. It becomes electric! One early experience was on a Sunday morning in Nairobi, Kenya. We sang “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” at half tempo. Then, Sunday evening we started out with “What a Friend We Have in A VISION OF SONG: Dr. King at Fuller today (above). Survivors widowed in the horrors of 1994 in Rwanda find renewed joy in Christ at a workshop in Kigali, Rhwanda (opposite page). www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 111111 It is not the form of worship that is to be idolized. It is the person of Jesus Christ that we want to worship. Too often we confuse these two.

R. King over the villages—in an animistic, folk Islamic setting. year in Africa I did six workshops all across Africa, using This took place where believers had witnessed to their this method in New Song Fellowships and the response families for years. One young man, a translator, found his was phenomenal. The last workshop was in Bouaké, Côte mother dancing and singing to the songs (a clear sign of d’Ivoire. We had six language groups at the workshop listening and responding to the message)—a response that (usually I do one language group at a time). Three of the he had long yearned for. groups were from highly Muslim cultures—I mean 99 So, indigenous music opens up a willingness to listen. percent Muslim. There was one group from Guinea which Also, in that group, we found that they were ripe for had less than 50 believers in their unreached people creating their own church—that they didn’t have to be group. Two women from that group who came to the subsumed under another church. This means they can workshop learned they could make worship songs. They start to reach out to their own people. Indigenous worship went back with two full cassettes of Scripture to song, gives them an identity. confident that the music would speak to their people. I originally worked among the Cebaara Senufo. We Another Senufo group from Mali came down to the thought Cebaara songs could work for Nyarafolo people conference. When they heard the teaching they said, “We as well. I came, we had some workshops, and they had want you to come to our place as well.” their first worship songs in Nyarafolo. When the There’s a longing for ethno-worship. We have not yet Nyarafolo heard their own songs, the non-believing released people to use their own style of worship nor people said “Tchieh! You mean that God is for us? We facilitated the opportunity. thought He belonged to the Cebaara.” MF: How has the approach of North Americans to The critical factor is that we assume that if we use worship (and music) hindered the approach or the something from another close people, they will under- perspective we have of worship? stand and accept it. Even though they are both Senufo, King:King:King: Historically, worship leads up to the sacred moment there are people groups—languages and dialects within of the sermon. If you look at the Moody revivals of the that larger group—that, if you don’t make a translation for 19th century, Moody recognized the power of music to them, then they think that God belongs to somebody else prepare people for a message. That is very valid. and is not for them. So, ethnic forms of worship music What we haven’t recognized in the States is that the open them up to listen. There is an invisible barrier that music itself can carry the message—we think it’s some- we don’t know about. I think music has a way of remov- thing that is on the sidelines or the edges of . But ing such barriers. really it can be at the heart of society. I find in contempo- MF: Are you sensing this is true on a larger scale? rary society, in this postmodern age, music is becoming a King:King:King: Yes. I’m still very fresh from Africa, so I think major vehicle for communicating a message. We have had African. Everywhere I have gone, I have seen people a tendency to say there’s only one form that is valid for responding to the music. Historically, we have not known worship. Really, there is only one God whom we worship— how to draw out indigenous worship from people. Once and many forms can help us to worship, depending on what people know that it is possible, then they open up. our backgrounds are and what our musical language is. There is still a lot of research to be done. In my last As an ethnomusicologist I look at music as a language.

12 12 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 So, there’s not one music that serves as a universal; there by all possible means I might save some.” Thus, He uses are many musics. They speak differently according to the what is within that cultural context to help people under- context of where people are coming from. That’s why we stand who He is so that people might come into a personal have so many worship forms. relationship with Him. That transfers into the area of MF: In recent years there has been a surge in praise- ethno-worship and ethnomusicology in that God also oriented events in the States (especially among our knows about the music of a people’s culture. He knows youth). Do you see anything in these events that is very well how to transform that music so that people can transferable or applicable to the type of worship understand who He is. you are encouraging? MF: You write of commissioning the musical instru- King:King:King: At the recent Urbana , worship through ments. That practice might seem odd to evangeli- song was at the heart of the meeting, it was a crucial cals here in North America. Explain the significance factor for the meeting; it wasn’t a side issue. Young of it in other cultures. people are responsive to music to such a degree that it’s King:King:King: That comes out of my book, A Time to Sing, which is becoming one of their main channels of communication. written as a manual for the African church. In many of the God is gifting them to do worship, worship that cannot cultures of the world, instruments are related to the work leave you alone. It transforms you. We know that worship of spirits. Among the Senufo as they make their instru- is not music only, but in the music part of worship, God ments there is dedication through a blood sacrifice to the can speak in a very real and deep way. It inspires us to go spirits. The blood and the chicken feathers are actually out. So it becomes worship-, worship-disciple- found on the instrument. This is true with their 17-key ship. I think that’s the gift of this generation. balafon (which we call a xylophone). So there’s alle- I believe that worship is becoming one of the ways of giance to the spirits who give the balafons. That shows doing mission. how important it is to the in the society as well. MF: You speak and write that God is “receptor- You have to help people understand that God can still oriented.” Would you describe this term? use their music while not condoning the spirits. Therefore, King:King:King: God is receptor-oriented in that He is very concerned you commission a new instrument to bring new meaning about using the language that a receptor knows or a to the instrument. In a sense, it would be analogous to people knows. So, when God comes to speak to me, He baptizing the instrument for the service of the Lord Jesus. would speak to me in American English. He wouldn’t Then, when you’re making new instruments, you no speak to me in Arabic. God moves into our cultural milieu longer allow blood . Some have put little stickers and works with us where we are at. It is the message on them, claiming Jesus Christ as the master of the that’s important. He uses the principle found in 1 instrument. And then you see how it is used. It starts Corinthians 9: “I have become all things to all men so that being played with Christian songs and the whole area Two Communication Principles God Uses With Song —ROBERTA KING

od has two priorities musical sounds that we style? He is free to use the Christian or non-Christian. Gwhen it comes to using know and respond to. This music of a people so that He is pleased with His song. leads us to the second they may understand His creation, including various communication principle. life-saving message of musics, and chooses to Principle 1:1:Principle When it . He extends that communicate with us in a comes to song, God wants to Principle 2: When it same freedom to us. loving receptor-oriented be understood. God wants comes to song, God is manner. He uses our musical most of all that we come receptor-oriented. He knows Beyond One Style languages to speak to us. He into relationship with Him. who His listeners are. He God is not limited to any is the one and only caring Thus, His priority in any also knows the musical one style of music. Neither God who is concerned about type of communication is language of different is He limited to only one our needs. He communes that we understand Him. communities. God, in fact, is spoken language. He is the with us through the music That means we must use the one who enabled peoples Creator of the world. He we know and love. songs that help us to from around the world to knows the music that speaks understand what it is He is create their own different to us. He works within our ______saying. Songs should use the musical styles, so why musical styles so that we This selection and “Youth Camp” on language that speaks to us. would He want you to sing know He cares for us. There page 79 excerpted from Roberta King, A Time to Sing, Nairobi: Evangel They should also use the in someone else’s musical is no musical style that is Publishing House, 1999, pp. 54, 79. www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 131313 hears it. We have examples of where it actually stopped Western style. So, my passion is to help people under- pagan worship. So the instrument is becoming another stand that God is for them within their own cultural voice of God through musical sound. The Senufo Chris- context. We need to win a hearing. If there are want to be sure that people know that the master of who will not listen to Western music, why do we think the instrument is God. The commissioning makes it clear we’re going to reach them with it? that it is no longer an instrument that is serving the things How do we move into their musical territory and work of this world and its satanic elements. within their culture so that they have a viable opportunity to hear? They are going to respond to what is familiar to MF: Earlier mission efforts have often been them. Sometimes people like novelty, and they like characterized by the use of Western hymns. In your newness. But, that doesn’t necessarily bring you to the book, you describe a scene where Western deep levels of searching and reasoning where you make a lead a group of Africans in organ-led decision for Jesus Christ. American songs as the congregation murmurs In Uganda, there are young people, professionals who along in somewhat apathetic participation. Is this a work in the city, running the coffee companies, running scene that is still common today? the banks. When they get together for worship they use King:King:King: Oh, we find it worldwide—people using Western both hymns and contemporary worship. But there comes a music, saying that it has to be the hymns. The other thing moment when they say, “now that is now common is to do take me home.” And that contemporary worship— means, “Take me back to my songs written in America and roots, so that I can worship the U.K.—worldwide. That God in a holistic way, from the seems the be the new mantle depths of my being.” In fact, for doing worship. Though it the vice chancellor at Daystar is a valid way, we need to be University is from Uganga, careful, allowing people to with the Lusoga language as his express their relationship to mother tongue. He’s an engi- God through their own neer, trained in England where music. Contemporary he earned his Ph.D. As vice- worship is closer to a lot of chancellor or Daystar Univer- non-Western cultures. So, sity, he is the equivalent of a there is some relevance there. university president. As a Young people around the Christian statesman, he is a world respond to contempo- highly educated, highly rary music. But there is this influential world-class leader. issue of versus When we sang Colossians 3 in particularity. Many argue, his language and he heard the essentially, that “music is the R. King song in his own language and universal language and we A NEW SONG: The workshop in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire turned his own musical style, his have the music that is being into a time of celebration, a call to praise Jesus in the response was “That goes to the used in North America. So, language and cadence close to the hearts of the peoples. very depths of my being and we’re going to bring it and bless people with it.” This does cleanses me from the inside out.” happen to a degree. But, we’ve still got to be culture- specific. Certain peoples are going to respond to the MF: Is there any resistance to change on the part of contemporary worship. But that doesn’t mean everybody missionaries? If not, what are the new challenges? responds to it. We still must seek to be culture-specific by King:King:King: We’re not dealing with obstinance, we’re dealing recognizing all cultures. with lack of training and lack of information. I think there are a lot of people going out like early missionaries—with MF: It seems that some people wouldn’t find a the best of intentions, but do not recognize the implica- movement dominated by Western musical styles tions of what they’re doing. attractive at all. Is there going to be a need for There’s a lack of understanding the culture and how to alternative movements? work relevantly within that culture. I just taught a course King:King:King: Ethno-worship can allow you to reach people who and had a number of very fine students. One fellow who won’t listen because we’re doing worship in a Western has worked in India for years and had a vision of going style. You can have the Western style there. But, you have around doing Christian rock, now says, “You know, it to recognize that not everybody is going to respond to the doesn’t reach everyone.” So, he’s now going through a

14 14 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 shift, realizing there’s more to using music well. King:King:King: Most of what I am telling you about is work among It’s a lack of training and a lack of opportunity to think . That’s one of our problems: we attach cultural through the issues. traditions to different denominational groups. When you Music is not seen as the first element or the first tool that move cross-culturally, you can’t do that. To dance and clap we use for communicating the Gospel. But, with the upcom- among the Senufo is to give your testimony for Christ—to ing generations I think we’re going to see that changing. do it in terms of a Christian shuffle. There’s a distinction that you have to know within the culture. A lot of charis- MF: While not limiting worship to music, let us matic worship is closer to the Two-Thirds World and how recognize that music is a key means for worship- they approach worship. So, there’s a natural relationship ing. How does the growth in appreciation for and there. When you move across cultures you have to be much practice of ethnodoxology serves as a powerful more open to various alternative vehicles of worship. tool for the fulfillment of the Great Commission? King:King:King: What I see is a broader scope of how we do mission. MF:MF:MF: In regard to African Independent Churches, Our approach will be more holistic. We won’t base it Some would argue they are non-Christian, some predominately on literacy. In other words, we’re opening would argue they’re aberrant, some would argue up all of our signal systems and all our symbols to be able they’re just excessive. But many would argue to communicate Christ. There’s this big gap in doing they’re more indigenous. How do you view them, mission where we need to recognize music as being more especially in this context of worship? than a time filler. When you fill in this gap with a power- King:King:King: Well, part of their reason for being is because ful means of communication, viewing it as a vehicle of worship wasn’t relevant to them. So, they didn’t wait for a communication, it changes your whole strategy. You can missionary to find out that there might be ethno-worship. have people contemplating the Gospel message all night They went and developed means of worshiping that were long as they sing and dance to it in an African village. But closer to their traditions and their hearts. if you go and sit and listen to a sermon, maybe you could Every group will have some sort of excess. They will go for two hours, but you’re not going to go all night long be more obvious in their differences than missions from for 8 to 10 hours and consider the claims of Jesus Christ mainline churches, traditional mission churches or the as you can through song. So, you have a much greater different denominations. Some of them are clearly opportunity in terms of exposure to the Gospel through aberrant in terms of doctrine. But some churches that music. You could be playing it in the courtyard of the we’ve planted in mission could be off in other respects. church and the person We all err at different across the way who’s a points. But, I see them as neighbor hears the music When the Youth Camp being quite relevant. In a “jump” the wall. All of a very real sense, the reluc- sudden, he’s hearing Rang Out in Praise tance of missionaries to something and you see he youth camp was response to the lead singer. embrace indigenous forms him coming and asking Tgoing very well. Ngana The song captured the of music has fueled the the pastor “What was that Josef loved teaching the essence of the teaching and growth of movements that about?” It’s expanding our sermon series about the life formed a good summary. are not theologically sound means of doing mission, of David to the 125 young Within very little time, the (though they are sincere in of reaching out to nonbe- people. Now they had come whole group was on their their desire to worship the lievers beyond the walls of to the end of their time feet—moving, clapping, living God). our churches. together. What more was rejoicing, and reviewing I did a workshop with an there to say? He was just what they had learned about African Independent Church MF: A missionary that’s beginning to wind in Kenya. We used it as an adversarial to the up his talk when, The whole group was opportunity to get them suddenly, from the on their feet—moving, might have a hard time back of the room, looking at the Scriptures doing ministry in this a lone voice began clapping, rejoicing. more directly, to get them not fashion. Dancing, to sing. The young just singing songs with, say, worship throughout mother, with a baby God through the life of “Alleluia” in them, but to get the night … Is the wrapped on her back, was David. It was a prime time them actually interacting with singing about David and all for commu- charismatic movement the Scriptures. So, you’re that God had done in his nication. God was at work in the primary one that’s doing discipleship, helping the primary one that’s life. Excitement pulsed in the hearts of the young growing in areas of them to grow theologically the air as the young people people. Glory was given to through the song-composing Africa you’re familiar spontaneously sang back the Him! with?with?with? process. www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 151515 outside wealthy devotees homes under shamianas (large tents) throughout the year but especially Reclaiming during festivals. The average urban Indian is attracted to Western modern music and Hindi pop (which is influenced the Bhajan greatly by the West). It makes him Ancient musical styles of India loosen up and enjoy himself. But if you introduce this kind of music in a transform modern worship of Christ. religious context he would likely find the experience confusing. He may well leave saying, “Tan halata hain lekin man ko kuch nahin karta” (or, “This music moves the body, but it does nothing for the soul”). —Chris Hale Admittedly, there is an increasing minority in the cities especially from Christian back- he average religious is increasing rapidly. Something ground and an increasing number Hindu man—hungry for over a million may seriously love of Hindu young people who are an encounter with the pop music. But the majority of responding spiritually to modern, Ultimate — India’s upper class, though they Western worship styles. But the respondsT to song perhaps more than would not go out and buy the CD, vast majority of Indians do not. As any other form of communication. He would love to dance at a disco for the typical Western hymns wants to experience the Truth, to feel to some good, fast, dance and Western classical music, it. He is not content with mere music from the West (along these do even less spiritually intellectual understanding. Music is with their favorite, Hindi for the average Hindu than the one of the best bridges from me, as a pop music). modern Western choruses. follower of Christ, to this Hindu man. When it comes to his Translating the Western All kinds of songs are sung in devotional life, however, the Hindu choruses into the local languages is India. The average religious man on religious seeker wants , only a minute improvement, because the city street loves the Indian film repetitious songs with a simple though the intellect can respond, the songs which are mostly about roman- melodic line which the leader sings emotions are not touched by the tic love. Then you have your semi- and the devotees repeat. Bhajans can Western melodies. Translating the classical ghazal and classical raga lovers—but they are a minority. The villagers, of course, appreciate their The bhajan goes from the mind into local folk styles which consist the heart and touches the emotions entirely of live performances during festivals which last all night long. and the will. As far as Western music goes, about a half a million young people words of great Western hymns and all over India love rock and roll, but also take on complex classical forms putting Indian melodies to them is a through MTV and VTV that number and are available on cassette or CD. vast improvement on the above, but But, by and large, a bhajan is ‘live’ this also has its weak points. One can A graduate of Berklee College of and sung in the context of a satsang, easily imagine how difficult it is to Music, Chris Hale was raised in Nepal or religious meeting where a preacher take a Western poetical form and fit it and has served 10 years in India. He is expounds Scripture with bhajans currently living in New York and into traditional Indian musical form. interspersed throughout keeping the records devotional songs (bhajans) to The majority of popular Christian Christ in Hindi with Peter Hicks and devotees actively involved. Satsangs worship songs have melodies that are their group, Aradhna. are held at temples, ashrams and reminiscent of Hindi film song melo- 16 16 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 dies of the last 20 years. This brings us the Biblical thought through the Western and Indian instruments. This back to square one, music that moves singing of the bhajan and the thought format is also appealing to Indians the body but not the soul. goes from the mind into the heart and living outside India. From my Likewise, many of the Christian touches the emotions and the will. experience with the bhajan worship songs in North India are South Indian Of course, this style of worship is group Aradhna1 (meaning, “wor- songs translated into Hindi. Though very foreign to most Indian ship”) in the United Kingdom there is a far greater similarity from traditional church backgrounds. during the last two summers I have between South and North than Initially, many of them find such a found that this format appeals between West and East, it is clear format offensive because it reminds greatly to the large number of Indian that this is still very inadequate for them of . However, the use emigrants. It is even welcomed in use among North Indians. The of bhajans is recommended primarily predominantly white churches who translations are quite poor and lack in evangelism or in churches that are are seeking a multi-cultural worship the sweet poetical flow of North actively seeking to make their worship experience. Indian verse. service more appealing to Hindus. What we need, then, is for people Clearly, with Hindus, the bhajan is Bhajans and satsang are prima- to begin learning and using the the most helpful musical form, rily being used by church planters in traditional forms and arranging them especially in North India, where the vast areas of India that are not musically using a combination of Christian and Western influence is being reached directly by the local Indian and Western instruments. By most strongly opposed. These songs church. and large, the first part must be done have Indian lyrics, Indian tunes and Finally it needs to be said that the by Indian poets and Indian musicians. an Indian worship format. Histori- modern, English-speaking, high class, Foreigners can help especially with cally, they are taken from Hindu secular, Hindu person may be more the packaging because of their access devotional practice, but there is open to spiritual things through to quality electronic musical equip- nothing unscriptural about these modern, Western worship formats ment and their familiarity with its forms. The forms are conducive to than traditional Indian ones which he use. With God’s help, there is much Biblical . First, there is the has already thrown out. We’ve found that can be done with music to exposition of the passage by the in the ministry we do among these communicate the message of the preacher which enlightens the people that they respond to the Gospel in India. understanding through the Holy traditional bhajan format when ______Spirit. Then there is the repetition of presented using a combination of 1. Our first CD, Deep Jale (Light the Lamp) is in its second production. See “Resources,” page 27.

Worshiping Christ With the Best of East and West

-Chris HaleHale-Chris

n 1990, I went to India sity campus rock music working on a new Broad- composers of Indian music Iafter graduating from festivals began singing way musical with India’s in the Church in India, but Berklee College of Music some of these bhajans using top popular song composer, many of them feel that the with a degree in classical the instruments in the band A.R. Rahman. Rahman younger generation is not composition, jazz and rock as well as Indian percus- popularized the use of interested in their music. guitar, with a vision to sion. We found that the Western instrumentation reach modern Indian youth young people loved these and rhythm in Indian songs. What is needed is a with a rock band that sang songs the most although at Indians, both young freshness that will attract songs in Hindi and English. that time it was not com- and old, love their own the young people to the Within the first year there I mon to mix Western styles melodies and poetry. The Indian melodies, and that discovered Christian such as rock music with the time is ripe for Christian freshness is Western bhajans, devotional songs traditional Indian styles. youth to begin composing instrumentation and addressed to Christ that had Now, 10 years later, rhythm. There needs to be a lyrical and melodic style Hindi songs with Western worship songs to Christ which blend Indian an exchange of musical that was truly Indian and instrumentation, both ideas between the older that drew me into worship. devotional and secular, are melody and lyrical style and younger generations in Our rock band, Olio, which very popular. Andrew Lloyd with Western instrumenta- was performing in univer- Webber is presently tion. There are many the Christian church. www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 171717 What Happened When Grandma Danced —Paul DeNeui

esus is a foreigner in reject Christianity for themselves. have a unique musical heritage that Thailand. The forms most Jesus remains an outsider to them. goes back for hundreds of years and Thai Christians use to But what would happen if Jesus remains popular today. This was the express their worship of came as a Thai? What would he look region where the Evangelical Cov- Jhim are primarily Western imports. like? How would he talk? What would enant Church of America sent Jim The average Thai person, viewing he eat? What music would he enjoy? and Joan Gustafson as missionaries in what they see in churches throughout What would happen if John 1:14 1971. their country, would say that Chris- became a reality for Thailand today? Through a process of learning, tianity is the foreigner’s religion. It is The northeast sector of Thailand solely based upon the grace of God, seen as the Westerner’s way of is home to approximately 20 million the Covenant work began to bring gaining merit. Because of a strong people known as Isaan. With a strong Jesus to where people lived in a way sense of Thai national identity with Lao heritage the majority of these that people could encounter him as another religion, most Thai people people carry cultural traditions that one of themselves. The work began Paul DeNeui works in development and distinguish them from the Central with the Word—and the Word had to church planting among the Isaan Thai. Their language (Lao/Isaan) is be reborn as a northeastern Thai. people in Northeast Thailand with the different. They eat glutinous rice with Something as simple as using the Evangelical Covenant Church. their fingers as their staple diet. They local language in worship made an

18 18 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 immediate impact. “Jesus talks our musical instruments but none express practice from the instrument used and village talk!” This exclamation heard the heart of Isaan people more than therefore condemn the kaen as by believers in Isaan seems simple yet the bamboo panpipes known locally “satanic.” However, for the local is still consid- as the kaen. Isaan man or woman, unspoiled by ered radical. To The incorpora- Western religious trappings, the kaen outsiders it is an tion of the remains the sound of “our people.” It open invitation. kaen into speaks deeply to the heart values of Unfortunately, worship did those Isaan who are now in a new even today, 30 not come family as God’s children. God years after our without accepts them as they are. As one work began, questions, follower says, “Why can’t we use the most Western- however. In kaen to praise God? We used the ized Thai animistic same mouth to follow spirits before. churches practices, the Does this mean we need to get a new throughout the kaen is used to mouth to praise God now?” Isn’t a Lao-speaking call upon the new heart enough already? region of spirits. Was it Over time a whole hymnody of northeast appropriate to Isaan music has been produced and Thailand still use the kaen in continues to be written by gifted men use the central the worship of and women changed by the grace of Thai language in the Lord Jesus God. The church has truly become an their worship. Christ? indigenous Thai Isaan church that It was during This rejoices in using the best forms from one of these question is still their culture to celebrate new life in local-language debated by Christ. One recent song, translated Bible discus- “The Way Sinners Make Merit” (above) and many Thai below, expresses the fact that Jesus is sions, as people “Reception Party” (at left) were illustrated Christians. no longer a stranger to Isaan people. by an artist from the Isaan people. The sat on the straw Scriptures that inspired these are Luke 21:1 Some cannot And, of course, this is one of those mats in the and Genesis 29:14-22 respectively. separate the songs to which Isaan Christians get home of a idolatrous up and dance! believer, that one elderly woman stood up from her squatting position, stepped into the middle of the circle Join in Praise and suddenly began to dance the Lyrics from a Isaan worship song traditional Isaan steps. Her thin arms and fingers waved gracefully back From the Heavenly City the Word came down. and forth in rhythm to her small, He was born right here where we live. delicate steps. It was a familiar sight We Isaan people have new now. at drunken parties—but this was He loves us and that will not change! ! There was no music, only a stunned silence. From the City Above, he came down for us. Finally one voice called out, Full of love from the Almighty. “Grandma, sit down! What do you Now listen! The sound of the ching and the kaen, think you’re doing?” And who is that playing the pin? Without a break in her motions Hear the clear tones of the ponglong as they join she simply stated, “You don’t tell The sounds of the saw, “Eeee oon aaaw.” your old grandma to sit down. I’m 90 The melody of the saw is coupled years old, and I’m just thanking the with the sound of voices of praise. Lord that you’re here.” What happened after Grandma The Lord Jesus Christ, the Victor over death, danced changed everything. Dance Is born in our cultural forms. became a part of worship. And music Listen to the sounds of the and the drum soon followed. All Isaan rejoices in Him! Isaan culture has a variety of beautiful and melodious indigenous www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 191919 The Vaglas Sing A Song from the Heart —Sue Hall and Paul Neeley

itting expectantly inside We were praying for songs that would literate, we asked someone to read the building in Ghana, be acceptable and exciting both to aloud a chosen passage from the West Africa, were unbelievers and Christians (the Vagla . representatives from minority). Our job was to do prepara- Only the roar of a passing truck vSarious churches in the Vagla area. As tions (musical research), encourage disturbed the moment of silence in ethnomusicologists, we had come to them to “push” (compose new songs), the church. The men and women coach them to develop indigenous and help in the final delivery (record- waited expectantly following the hymnody—Christian music that ing the new songs on cassette so they reading, while we wondered for a would affirm their dual heritage as can be copied and distributed). Since moment if this approach to making Vagla people and children of God. not everyone at the workshop was new Christian songs with nonreaders

20 20 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 was accompanied by a horn en- semble of seven antelope horns played in intricate interlocking patterns. To the uninitiated, it sounds remark- ably like a traffic jam; but to the Vagla people, it’s one of the sweetest sounds on earth— especially when coupled with those life- changing words. “He who is carrying a heavy load and is getting The 7,000 Vagla people of tired, bring it to Jesus ... He has peace.” Ghana have had the New Testa- could really work. Then, hesitantly at dance as people who were uniquely ment (translated by a Wycliffe team) first, but with growing confidence, both Christians and Vaglas. in their language for 20 years, yet the one old woman began to sing out Up until that day in 1997, the church has been slow to grow. “But loud the song which was in her heart: believers’ cultural identity as Vaglas now,” said Pastor Phillip, “I really He who is carrying a heavy had always been left in the shadow of hear God’s words in these songs.” So load and is getting tired, bring being Christians. Their worship will many other Vaglas through the it to Jesus. He will save you. music had been borrowed from other two cassettes of Scripture songs and You who labor hard, come to ethnic groups and was not rooted in readings recorded that week in an Jesus because He has peace. Vagla culture, emphasizing the improvised studio at the church. foreignness of their religious expres- Late that evening, we met outside The 2000-year-old words tumbled sion. We were so privileged to be to eat pounded yam by the light of out of her mouth, carried by a new ‘midwives’ at the birth of a culturally- stars. After supper more songs started melody composed in a traditional appropriate ‘heart music’ to be used pouring out. The two old women who Vagla song type. Immediately the in worship by this people group. were lead singers composed song after other women responded with the Pastor Phillip, a Vagla blind man song as the night went on, extemporiz- chorus. One of them picked up a skilled in music of all kinds, testified ing lyrics as their thoughts took them rattle to provide the accompaniment. to the power of these new songs made from the foundation of the initial Bible Suddenly the dream in our minds of in traditional styles. “You can’t see verse to other truths they knew. The seeing Vaglas free to worship the true my eyes because of these dark excitement spilled over in dancing and God through their own music became glasses, but when I started hearing eagerness to be the next to sing. reality. these new songs tears came to my That night felt like a prelude to As the singer moved deeper into eyes. For many years, we could have the joy of heaven. And all the worshiping her Lord she fell to her used our music to worship God and joined in singing: “God loved the knees: “Let’s give Him glory, because reach our people. Instead, the music world so much that He gave His Son He is my Father.” As she finished, has been used by the devil.” Jesus, so let us believe in Him and another woman took up the theme in Now, the Vagla musical types of bow down before Him and worship a different style of song. Then it was Maara, Zungo, Dugu and others are Him. The Lord Jesus has called me the men’s turn, and soon everyone being used to communicate the and I have come.” And the stars was up on their feet dancing in a content of the Gospel in a form that added their shining voices to the circle or improvising an accompani- all Vagla people instinctively recog- praise of God’s glory. ment on any rattles or drums avail- nize as their own. And it certainly ______able. They were so eager to sing and sounds unique to our ears! John 3:16 A longer version of this article was published in EM News, 7:1, 1998. www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 212121 say, “We thank you, Oh God, for your The Dangers of Prayer mercies to us, and we want, above all else, for God to rule in our lives.” If we were consciously speaking to God, we would say, “We want You to Wheel Worship! rule in our lives.” The place where we worship is not —Ralph D. Winter, Editor magical. We dedicate “sanctuaries” or “worship centers” but the Bible says, hat is most important condemnation of phoney or empty Where is the house you will build is worship. Therefore religious practices. for me? ... On this one will I look: what is most important Yet none of this is in opposition to on him who is poor and of a to falsify—from Satan’s true worship. Consider the exalted contrite spirit, and who trembles at Wpoint of view—is also worship. language which conclude 1 Timothy: my word. (Isa. 66:1-2) In the Bible, the pinnacle of He who is the blessed and only What is the actual basis of worship? devotion is the angels in heavenly Sovereign, the King of kings and Lord Worship is, in part, the public, verbal worship. But what is “heavenly” for of ; who alone possesses immortal- acknowledgement of His “worth.” angels may not always be the reality ity and dwells in unapproachable That worth, that true glory, is seen with human weakness in the picture. light; whom no man has seen or can most clearly “in the face of Jesus see. To Him be honor and eternal Worship “experiences” are dominion. . (I Tim 6:15,16) Christ.” But the heavens also declare pervasive and virtually everywhere in Or, take Paul’s expression of true the glory of God. His creation the cults and various non-Christian worship at the end of Romans 11: displays his handiwork. The Old of the world, but, even in the Oh the depth of the riches both of the Testament word for “glory” describes Bible, worship is both highly prized wisdom and knowledge of God! How the spectacular retinue of horsemen and profoundly mistrusted. unsearchable are His judgments and and chariots accompanying a king. AI have Gloriousoften thought that the most unfathomable Pursuit ways! ... For from Him How long does it take for new anti-religious paragraphs in all of the and through Him and to Him are all insights into His glorious creation world’s literature can be found in the things. To Him be the glory forever. (such as only can be seen in micro- Amen. I urge you therefore brethren, scopes or telescopes) to affect our first chapter of Isaiah, where the text by the mercies of God, to present clearly condemns worship that had your bodies [not animals] a living worship lyrics? Recently, we have devolved to a sham and fraud utterly and holy sacrifice, acceptable to been astonished by breakthrough detestable to God: God, which is your spiritual service after breakthrough into the incredible Your celebrations of the new moon of worship. (Rom. 11:33-12:1) complexity within the human cell. and day, and your special Yet, even though animal sacrifices But do our hymns lead us to reflect days of —even your most had been legitimate symbols in the on mitochondria or DNA molecules? pious meetings—are all sinful and Apart from the person of Christ, false. I cannot stand the sight of past, Psalm 51:17 declares that: them. When you spread out your The sacrifices of God are a broken nothing could testify more clearly to hands I will refuse to look. Even spirit, a broken and contrite heart. the astounding wonder of our Creator though you offer many I Perhaps it is a measure of our God. Should we be ignorant of such will not listen. (Isa. 1:14-15) mindlessness in worship that many things and not allow them to heighten Dazzling and impressive forms of people do not realize that some our awe before the Living God? worship abound. The worship of worship songs are essentially a Worship must not be centered in spiritually-minded, Muslim Sufis has proclamation to other human beings, what we want or seek but upon Who led to their being called “Whirling while other things we sing are He is and the blessed, loving marvel Dervishes.” On a small Caribbean actually prayers directed to God. that He is. Prayer wheels and verbal island, the worshipers of a god “Zo” We religiously shut our eyes when mantras are centered on what we paint those two letters on every we pray, but we don’t always realize want. Activities of worship can square inch of their naked bodies and that often the words we sing—with express the highest devotion based on gyrate for intoxicated hours of fervent our eyes wide open—are also prayers the deepest understanding, or they “worship experience.” to the Living God. can be one of the most dangerous of It is not strange that throughout the Our public prayers may start out all forms of phoneyness. Worship can Bible, especially in the gospels, we are addressed to God, but end up talking be dangerous! Prayer wheels are not often startled and sobered by the harsh about Him. For example, we might merely found in Tibet. 22 22 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 told why God went to all the trouble to free his people from bondage. “Let my people go… so Every Team Needs that they may worship me” (Ex. 9:1). Worship will be either central to the planning and process of One church planting or it will be peripheral. The essential role of the worship-arts leader in 2.The battle against the enemy is church-planting. won in worship. “Jehoshaphat appointed men to sing to the Lord and to praise him for the splendor of his holiness as they went out at the head of the army, saying: ‘Give —Dave Hall thanks to the Lord, for his love endures forever.’ As they began to any evangelical the presence of God. I incorporate the sing and praise, the Lord set Christians have a very word “arts into the role because, both ambushes against the men of truncated understanding historically and Biblically, all the arts Ammon and Moab and Mount of worship. When asked have played a major role in corporate Seir” (2 Chron. 20:21-22). There is Mto define it, they respond, “It’s worship. They should, therefore, something inherently combative singing,” or “It’s praising God.” continue to play a major role, espe- about worship; namely, Satan hates Worship, from a biblical perspective, cially in the cross-cultural church- it. Worship is warfare, pure and is far more than merely singing or planting context. As missionaries and simple. In our struggle to see the praising God in the assembly of the missions organizations dedicated to unreached reached, to see worship- (as right and wonderful as that the task of establishing church- ers brought to Christ from every is). For years now I have collected defini- tions of the word. One God is seeking worshipers, not people who of the best I have know a lot about worship, not people who found was penned by Dr. Bruce Leafblad. I know how to worship, but worshipers. have expanded it slightly and hope that it will provide a planting movements, our strategies tribe, tongue, people, and nation framework for our understanding: and practices must be built on firm, we would do well to use one of our Worship is both an event and a Biblical foundations. Much work most powerful weapons. in which believers, by remains to be done to better under- 3. Culturally relevant musical and grace, center their minds’ stand the implications of worship in artistic worship is a powerful attention and their hearts’ regard to our theology and missiol- evangelistic tool inside and affections on the Lord, humbly ogy. I humbly submit to you the top outside the church. When unbeliev- glorifying God in response to ten reasons every church-planting ers experience corporate worship in His greatness, His mighty acts, team needs a worship-arts leader. their heart language, they are more and His Word. open to hearing God’s Word. Their One might also ask, What is a Every church-planting team stereotypes of Jesus being the worship-arts leader? This is someone needs a worship-arts leader foreign God of a foreign religion who is uniquely gifted, called and because…because…because… are removed simply by relating the trained to lead the people of God into 1. Every church should be a Gospel and facilitating worship in worshiping church. Worshiping culturally relevant forms. Showing Dave Hall is international worship God is our highest calling. It is, as interest in their music and arts leader for Pioneers (Orlando, Fla.). He Dr. William Taylor has aptly said, has an M.Div. from Interna- validates them as a people and tional University (Deerfield, Ill.) and is “The mother of all .” opens great opportunities for pursuing a doctorate in Worship expresses the reason for building relationships and sharing ethnomusicology. our redemption. In Exodus, we are the Gospel. Cassette tapes and www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 232323 visual art forms that use Scripture evangelism. A man working in culturally-relevant worship that is and Biblical themes in culturally Pakistan was taught this principle: intelligible to the people. It sensitive ways have found great You can say anything to a Muslim incorporates their music, their arts, favor even among Muslim groups in poetry or music and he will their means of expressing truth in adamantly opposed to the gospel. listen; say the same thing in prose, their culture. While care must be 4.The performing arts provide and he may kill you. He decided to taken to avoid syncretism, we must unique opportunities for put the principle to the test by not allow the learning curve to creative access. One Pioneers hosting an international music keep us from applying the Biblical missionary learned to sing in the festival. A hall was rented and principle found in 1 Corinthians style of the people group she is many groups played, including a 14:23-25: Intelligible worship is attempting to reach with the national Christian music group that much more apt to produce Gospel. Since recording an , presented the gospel using indig- repentance than is unintelligible she is now nationally known and enous Pakistani music and instru- worship. has many opportunities to sensi- ments. After the standing ovation at 7. Worshiping in a people’s heart tively share her faith. Her promi- the conclusion, the mayor of the language requires worship nence also gives her negotiating city announced, “This has been the leadership. You don’t have to be power when it comes time to renew visas. Not only do the churches we plant need Studying the music worship leaders, but our teams do as well. and arts of a people is another excellent means of finest musical event in the history in ministry for very long to realize entry into closed countries, and it of our town, and I feel it should be the crucial role of well-trained, provides practical benefits to repeated every year!” godly leadership. Facilitating the developing indigenous forms of 6. Worshiping churches worship release of people of diverse worship. in the heart language of the cultures to worship in spirit and 5. The performing arts provide people. What is worship in a truth is both an art and a science. I unique opportunities for peoples “heart language”? It is call it “ethnodoxology”—the study

Illustration ©2001 by Wuzzy Wu.

24 24 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 of how and why people of diverse effectiveness of the church in 9. Missionaries who are fired up cultures glorify the true and living glorifying God both with our lives about God will be more God. Doing it well requires a well- and our witness. The church effective witnesses for his trained, gifted, worship-arts leader. planted in a cross-cultural setting glory. Piper challenges our I place the emphasis here on has just as big a need, but far fewer paradigm for ministry when he training as opposed to gifting resources to meet it. May God writes, “Missions exists because because many church planting enable us to mobilize and empower worship doesn’t…. You can’t teams don’t have someone gifted to worship-arts leadership for every commend what you don’t cherish.” lead in these matters. team, both before and after they are Our evangelism and discipleship of Ethnodoxology is, however, sent to the field. Not only do the the nations must flow out of our something that can be taught, churches we plant need worship passion for God and his glory. caught, and implemented by those leaders, but our teams do as well. otherwise it will be shallow, at who have a heart for worship but John Piper, in Let the Nations Be best, or man-centered and self- feel they are not particularly Glad, writes, “Missionaries will glorifying, at worst. musically or artistically never call out, ‘Let the nations be 10. We are worshipers first, endowed. glad!’ who cannot say from the missionaries second. We need a 8. Worship leadership increases heart, ‘I rejoice in the Lord… I will fundamental paradigm shift to the effectiveness of both the be glad and exult in Thee’… occur in our understanding and church plant and the church Missions begins and ends in practice of missions. Jesus said that planter. Shortly after a church is worship.” Missionaries without this God is seeking worshipers, not planted in North America, one of foundational understanding are people who know a lot about the greatest needs is for gifted, living out too much of their worship, not people who know how trained worship leadership. We missionary experience in a spiritual to worship, but worshipers. Being a spend large amounts of time and desert. One of the worship-arts worshiper is not something you do; energy to fill this vital leadership leaders’ key roles is to facilitate it is something you are. role. We do this because we believe and model both corporate and ______that biblical, creative, culturally lifestyle worship with humility and This article first appeared in the January 2000 issue of the Evangelical Missions Quarterly (EMQ) and is relevant worship is essential to the servanthood, as a part of the team. used by permission.

www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 252525 there are some other vital elements which God has given to ensure continuity and purity in the worship Some Things which He engenders, encourages, and delights in from His people. These are things we should look for no Remain the Same matter where we go in the world, and regardless of geographic, racial, ethnic, economic or cultural context. And these are things we should actively encourage in church planting situations and other areas where we might have influence. —Ron Man 1. The Role of the Word of God in WorshipWorshipWorship orship in the Church of of worship options? What are the God’s people do not gather to Jesus Christ has been common denominators without which exchange their own ideas about who characterized by worship is sub-standard, if not sub- God is and what He is like; rather enormous diversity Christian? What are the things that worship is our response to what God Wacross the centuries and across the bind and unite true worshipers of has revealed Himself to be in the world today. This diversity seems to every age and locale? Bible. We gather under the authority be allowed by the New Testament, Certainly there are doctrinal of the Word, at the invitation of the which gives us precious little in terms boundaries, fundamentals of the faith, Word, and with the guidance of the of specific guidelines for the practice which define those who are truly in Word. We gather to learn from and Aof worship Glorious in the church—nor even the faith andPursuit therefore are able to respond to the Word. much in the way of actual examples. worship “in truth” as Jesus com- The Word of God must permeate The implication is that God allows manded (John 4:23-24). all that we do in worship services— His people considerable latitude in Besides a common doctrinal base, certainly in the preaching of the applying godly wisdom to Word, but also in public choose and adapt forms reading of the Word, for worship that are praying the Word, medi- appropriate to a particular The Main Thing tating on the Word, time, place, and people. Our ultimate purpose in serving God in this world singing the Word (both And so, we find God must be to align ourselves with His purpose for this through scriptural texts worshiped with a vast world. I would suggest that God’s purpose is summa- and also texts which array of different lan- rized (among other places in Scripture) in Psalm 86:9: faithfully represent guages, forms, styles, All nations whom You have made scriptural truth). God’s , dress, music and Shall come and worship before You, O Lord, people should respond to other art forms. And they shall glorify Your name. Him as He really is—that With all of this Here we read that God made the nations (or peoples); He might receive the glory diversity, it is appropriate the clear implication is that He has every right to of which He is worthy. to ask a question: what is expect their worship, their glorification of Him as And that means that the their Creator. But not only is this an expectation, but unchangeable and non- also a clear prediction that this will happen (see also Bible must have a central negotiable in the panoply Psalm 22:27-28). The thrust of history and of the place of honor and use in Church and of missions is towards that day when a our services, must form Ron Man works in Ger- countless throng of worshipers “from every tribe and the foundation of all our many with Greater tongue and people and nation” (Rev. 5:9) will join the services and guide and European Mission, where angelic host around the throne to exclaim, “To Him protect our services. If we he gives special attention who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb, be blessing are to worship in truth, we to worship-related issues. and honor and glory and dominion forever and ever!” must worship according to His involvement on the (5:13). —Ron Man European continent dates the Word. to 1969. As John Stott put it: 26 26 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 What, then, does it mean to worship God? It is to “glory in What, then, does it mean to worship His holy name” (Ps. 105:3), that God? It is to “glory in His holy name” is, to revel adoringly in who He is in his revealed character. But (Ps. 105:3) ... But before we can glory before we can glory in God’s in God’s name, we must know it. . name, we must know it. Hence the propriety of the reading and any liberty to speak to Him. He The Word of God must be hon- preaching of the Word of God in must disclose to us who he is ored in our worship because it public worship, and of Biblical before we can offer him what we teaches us about God’s glory. meditation in private devotion. are in acceptable worship. The These things are not an intrusion worship of God is always a 2. The Role of the Holy Spirit in into worship; they form the response to the Word of God. WorshipWorshipWorship necessary foundation of it. God Scripture wonderfully directs and The Holy Spirit is responsible for must speak to us before we have enriches our worship.1 true worship taking place. It is He

Programs: blank subject line to: global- The Summer Institute of worship- Ethnomusicology and RESOURCES [email protected] MissionsMissionsMissions The SIL-provided faculty on Ethnomusicology Ethnic Worship & Arts Focus has extensive field NewsletterNewsletterNewsletter experience. Southwestern A regular e-mail update of Baptist Theological Seminary 135 N. Oakland Ave. events, people and issues pertaining (SWBTS) provides the institutional Pasadena, CA 91182 to the utilization of ethnic music and support and academic credit. Phone: (626) 584-5279 the arts in church planting. 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd. FAX: (626) 449-5073 Subscribe: Send an e-mail request to Dallas, TX 75236 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Phone: (972) 708-7517 E-mail: [email protected] On the Web: Newsletter Music in World Cultures at Bethel www.worship-arts-network.com Ethnomusiciology News College (MIWC) A website for worship and missions, A quarterly release of Wycliffe bible “MIWC offers the most extensive the home of International Worship Translators. Cost is $15/year. A free listing of courses in ethnomusicology and Arts Network (formerly the sample issue is available by writing: that I have found in an evangelical AD2000 Movement Worship and E-mail: [email protected] institution.” —Tom Avery of SIL Arts Track). Mail: ILC Ethnomusicology, 7500 W. Contact: Dr. John Benham They welcome your help in locating Camp Wisdom, Dallas, TX 75236 Phone: (952) 446-4246 and providing resources. E-mail: [email protected] Contact: Mentioned in this issue: Prairie Bible College, Three Hills, Jolene Wilson, Resources A Time to Sing Alberta, Canada Coordinator/Webmaster by Dr. Roberta King Their Ethnomusilogy Institute offers Phone: 319-928-7006 Available from: courses toward a B.A. in Music or E-mail: [email protected] Fuller Theological Intercultural Studies. Seminary Bookstore Box 4000 Great Commission Worship & Arts Center 84 N. Los Robles Ave. Three Hills, AB http://www.skyfamily.com/gracew/ Pasadena, CA 91101 T0M 2N0 index9.html Phone: (626) 584-5350 Canada A site for missionaries, musicians, E-mail: [email protected] Contact: Vernon Charter worship leaders and others. Phone: (800) 661-4245, Deep JaleJaleDeep (403) 443-3047 Other Resources: Chris Hale’s music CD E-mail: [email protected] E-newlsetters available from: Aradhna Music Fuller Theological Seminary, Global Worship Report c/o Hoegger Supply Co. Pasadena, California A regular e-mail survey of events, The six courses offered lead to an M.A. people and issues on arts and P.O. Box 331 Fayetteville, GA 30214 in Intercultural Studies with a ministry worship from various places. focus in Applied Ethnomusicology. Subscribe: Send a blank e-mail and a Phone: (800) 221-4628 or Web: www.aradhnamusic.com www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 272727 who works in our hearts to show us and tradition and there and of the priesthood of all believers our need for Christ (John 16:8). It is happens to be, these things don’t is not optional. We are commanded He who convinces our hearts that produce true corporate worship. The to minister to one another with God is incomparably lovely and participation of the congregation and hymns and spiritual deserving of our worship. It is He makes it corporate worship. songs in the assembly (Eph. 5:19; who engages both the mind and the Romans 12:1 teaches us to present Col. 3:16). The Word of God heart so that worship is an expression our bodies—our whole lives—as “a requires that worship involve all of of both. It is He who quickens our living and holy sacrifice acceptable to the people and not be a spectator spirit so that our worship is sincere God, which is your spiritual service event or performance. (“worship in spirit,” John 4:24); and worship.” A won’t as the Spirit of truth (John 14:17) He really be a service of corporate 4. The Role of the Jesus Christ in illumines the truth of God to us (1 worship unless the people of God WorshipWorshipWorship Cor. 2:14), so that we might know gather after walking with and wor- Perhaps the most crucial constant Him and respond to Him as He shiping God throughout their week, in all true worship is that which is really is (“worship in truth,” John with full hearts which can then least acknowledged: the role of the 4:23, 26). overflow into a common expression living Christ in leading our worship. of adoration and praise. We must The book of Hebrews teaches us 3. The Role of the Congregation teach our people that worship is a about the present ministry of Christ, in WorshipWorshipin lifestyle, a way of life, not an event. our living High : His perpetual Regardless of what kind of By definition, corporate worship Priesthood, the One through whom planning and preparation and practice will also only happen if the people we draw near to the throne of grace, goes into a service of worship, are truly involved in the service. This the One who sympathizes with our regardless of what sort of leadership expression of the unity of the body weaknesses, the One who continues

could minister to the millions of unreached The Centrality of Worship people around me with a sense of balance.” Without Foundational points for a theology for worship and missions. a loving, intimate relation- —Dave Hall ship with God experi- enced and expressed in and through worship, 1. Worship is central, to be worshipers. He and leading corporate missionaries lack the fuel Missions is not. We redeemed us to worship worship, especially in a needed to stick it out. Evangelicals have propa- Him, and as a redeemed cross-cultural setting. In 3. When worship is periph- gated a mind-set in the people, we are called to be addition, most church eral, the people’s ability to church and missions that a blessing to the nations. planting teams have worship is terminal. The might be best summed up Mission flows from literally no clue about the resulting tragedy: pre- in the adage, “God saved worship, not vice-versa. importance or process of dominantly Western us to save the lost.” The John Piper expressed it establishing new believers worship forms in pre- fact is, however that God this way, “Worship is the in a lifestyle of worship. dominantly non-Western redeemed us not primarily fuel and the goal of When missions is central, cultures. Yes, much of to do something for His missions.”1 worship is not only today’s music is influ- glory, but rather to be 2. When missions is central, peripheral corporately, but enced on a global scale by something for his glory. worship is peripheral. personally. One mission- Western music, especially Jesus did not say the Lack of sound Biblical ary admitted he got to a in the larger cities. And Father is seeking mission- teaching on both worship place within two years of yes, we must recognize aries, husbands, wives, and missions on the part being on the field where that musical and artistic secretaries, carpenters, of our churches and he was totally burned out. forms are increasingly etc. Whatever our roles in theological institutions He felt that God was only “mixed.” But, we are still this life may be we need has brought us to a place interested in “using him to doing far too little to to see them as flowing out where we are sending out save .” He continued, assure that aspects of of our primary identity hundreds of missionaries “It was only after I corporate worship other before God; that of a who have little or no learned that God loves me than the Word (i.e., music, worshiper. We are all theological and/or for who I am, not what I arts, offering, etc.) are in called first and foremost practical skill in planning can do for Him that I the heart language of the

28 28 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 as the unique God-man and the What an incredible truth! To begin the part of any people, but because Mediator between God and man. with, it shows that the ministry of Jesus Christ (who is “the same In Hebrews 2:12 we find a music in the church is not a pretty add- yesterday and today and forever,” brilliant summary of the role of Jesus on or an enjoyable preliminary, but Heb. 13: 8) is at the center, offering Christ in leading our worship. rather it is given an astounding up a perfect sacrifice of praise in the According to the inspired writer, importance by the Lord Jesus Christ midst of His people. Our worship is Christ is speaking to His Father (with Himself, whose ministry it really is! acceptable because we come in Him the words of Psalm 22:22). And He And this verse also shows us that Jesus and through Him. says: Father, “I will proclaim Your Christ is the leader of our worship. And so, as we consider the ever- name to my brethren” That is, the (Hebrews 8:2 describes as the “minis- broadening range of diverse worship living, glorified One undertakes as ter,” in Greek the “liturgist” or worship expressions in our world, let us High Priest and Mediator to reveal leader in the heavenly sanctuary— as encourage them as appropriate and and teach the truth about God and His the were in the earthly sanctu- acceptable—in so far as they give a greatness to those who are His ary). That means that the worship proper place to the Word of God, with brethren (cf. Heb. 2:11). leader, choir, or whoever leads in this the Holy Spirit blessing and giving The second half of Hebrews 2:12 part of the service is likewise repre- power, with the congregation fully shows us another remarkable truth: Jesus senting Christ, in His ministry of engaged and involved and with a goes on to say to the Father, “in the midst leading the brethren’s praise. recognition that we come to the of the congregation I will praise Your God has been pleased to accept an Father led by and clothed with Christ name.” When we come to worship, Jesus incredible diversity of expressions of who leads us in our praise. Christ is in our midst, and, in a sense, is worship over the centuries and leading us in singing praises to the around the world, not because of any ______Father. inherent worthiness or excellence on 1. John Stott, The Contemporary Christian, InterVarsity Press, 1992, p. 174.

people. A terminal is a 4. When worship is central, cultures worship the true knew getting a former place where one can go it is in the heart language and living God.” But just missionary for our new “only so far.” Our journey of the people. It would how relevant and impor- pastor would be a prob- has begun, but in order to seem that we need a new tant is something like lem!” Why! We would go any further we must field of study and practice ethnodoxology to our never tolerate such goings have a vehicle (a , a within missions. The term faith and practice? on! It begs the question, boat, a bus, etc.) that will I prefer to use for this is Imagine for a moment doesn’t it… why do we take us the next leg of our “ethnodoxology.” walking into church this offer our new brothers and adventure. One “vehicle” “Ethno,” from the Greek Sunday and all the music sisters in Christ around that will help us to plant word “ethne” meaning you hear sounds strangely the world a form of worshiping churches worship that we wouldn’t among every people is endure in our own church indigenous worship. ...why do we offer our new brothers for two minutes?! The Indigenous worship and sisters in Christ around the Sovereign Lord says in incorporates ethnic music, Isaiah 61:11, “I will cause instruments and other world a form of worship that we righteousness and praise artistic forms of commu- wouldn’t endure in our own church to spring up among all nication. This allows for two minutes?! nations.” Today God is people to worship God raising up an army of lead more freely and without worshipers, the hindrance of forms “peoples” or “people out of tune. The organ and ethnodoxologists, to go that reinforce a “foreign groups” and “doxology,” keyboard you’re used to into all the world that lost god” stereotype. I believe from the Greek word have been replaced by people might “turn to God that God will gain even “doxos” meaning “glory bizarre, odd-sounding from idols to worship the greater glory among the or “praise.” instruments. You ask your living and true God”2 and nations as we develop and Ethnodoxology, then, is deacon friend what’s that worshiping churches facilitate worship, both in “the study of the worship going on. “The elders might be planted among it’s lifestyle and corporate of God among other decided that all the music all peoples. aspects, that truly reflects cultures” or, more pre- from now on would be in and relevantly speaks into cisely, “the theological a Middle Eastern style, ______the culture in which the and practical study of how using Middle Eastern 1. John Piper, Let The Nations Be Glad, church is being planted. and why people of diverse instruments.” He adds, “I Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993, 11. 2. 1 Thess 1:9, author’s translation. www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 292929 GROWING HEALTHY CHURCHES carried on the misconceptions of those who first brought us the Gospel. Some years ago, I met a retired missionary from Burundi. Among other things, we discussed giving in An Open Letter on our local churches. He told me about an experience in the local church in which he served. Giving was so low Giving in Kenya that the needs in the church were not adequately being met. Their sermons were about things other than the Gospel of Jesus Christ. After prayer, the Lord impressed on them to have the local leaders study the Word of —Gideon Kiongo God in regard to giving and then prepare to teach their own people. O MY BROTHERS IN THE LORD: meetings and give what is acknowl- What they discovered revolutionized edged to be “very little” in tithes and giving in that local church. Giving T I would like to share some offerings. Is it because the Church back to God of the “substance” God thoughts with you regarding giving has not been taught about tithing and had given them was the catch phrase. by the Church in Kenya, hoping that giving? The answer to that is an ever- They came up with a list of things your understanding will be enriched resounding YES. I believe that from which included cows, goats, chick- and that you will be further equipped the beginning, such teaching has been ens, rabbits, maize, bananas, avoca- to challenge the church in her giving. inadequate. This has often resulted in dos, papayas, beans, vegetables and First, I agree wholeheartedly that giving which is not Biblically the like. They also reminded people the Church in Kenya has been balanced. These have to be addressed that their gifts could include their endowed with wealth - I mean as one seeks to teach giving. The time, their energy and their labor. material riches. One has only to drive Church must be made to understand Next came the issue of how to from Nairobi to some up-country where we have become “lopsided” in give this “substance.” They decided town and observe the level of devel- our teaching and practice. to “redesign” the offertory basket. At opment and investment. Many have The very offertory plates and the furthest end of the church grounds built stone or brick houses with a tile baskets we use suggest what our they built an enclosure for animals roof which are quite expensive to people are expected to contribute. which would be offered to the Lord. build. This is because our people These are designed to hold money They also built a raised rack covered believe that the up-country house is (notes and coins) which limit giving with grass thatch roofing to hold any their real home rather than the town other things to the church. However, agricultural produce given. They then dwelling which is just the house from when you look at giving in both the visited church members in their which one occupies while working in Old and New Testaments, you clearly homes with the “new,” yet old the city prior to retirement. see the giving of substance which, of teaching on giving as unto the Lord. If you visit the “houses” in the course, included money but was not What they had to say was simply cities, you will observe (on the limited to that. I believe our earliest taught and simply understood. They average), expensive furniture and teachers misunderstood the essence reported to their people that God electronic equipment. Those in the of giving to the church from an gives us our daily bread, and He does church go to the weekly celebration African perspective. I would go not mind receiving from us on a daily further and state that their “theology basis either. As such, someone was Mr. Gideon Kiongo invites responses to of giving” was not Biblically balanced placed near the church on a daily this open letter. He can be reached in either. The examples they used were basis (a full-time Christian worker), Kenya by e-mail at [email protected] that of the “coin” that Jesus instructed who accepted and recorded all that or by regular mail at P.O. Box 50688, Nairobi, Kenya. For general responses Peter to get from the fish so he could was given. In addition, each contribu- on issues of dependency and self-reliance pay the government tax and that of tor was given an official receipt for see the web site for World Mission the poor widow who gave two mites. their tithes and offerings. The Associates www.wmausa.org or send an Each of these narrations is instructive livestock and agricultural produce e-mail to [email protected] in giving. However, we should be that were received were then sold on (Please note this is a new e-mail aware of the context as we draw out the next market day which happened address for Glenn Schwartz.) the teaching. Sadly, we have basically to be each Tuesday.

30 30 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 They acquired a stall and an area other input from the listeners. The on the market grounds from which to moral of the story is then embraced sell their produce and livestock. The or “owned” by the entire group. full-time worker was kept busy. They These stories, told by real people to would then deposit the proceeds, and other people, can be used to comple- soon their account in the local bank ment the pulpit (TV included) and was comparable only to that of the tape ministry on the same subject. richest man in their small town! Since Sometimes modern forms of commu- many church members also pur- nication are overrated in regard to chased their produce on a weekly being the most effective ways to basis, they were only too glad to buy teach our people to obey what Christ from the church stall. The local commanded. We must “reincarnate” church also used the produce given as giving as understood by the local tithes and offerings to help needy people in the context, reminding them members as well as needy unbeliev- that they have received from the Lord ers amongst them. This made those and need to give back something in involved in the benevolence ministry return. Looking at that Burundian very encouraged because there was local Church, note the importance of now something to share. giving to the local believers in need This all reminds me of the church (Christ’s body), but also to those not as narrated in the first chapters of the yet in Christ (the unevangelized).

We must “re-incarnate” giving as understood by the local people in the context, reminding them that they have received from the Lord and need to give back something in return. book of Acts. It exemplifies a doc- I leave you with a thought that trine understood by the African bothers me a great deal. When God Church within its customs and values. asked the people to bring tithes into This is where I believe those who the storehouse as we read in Malachi brought the Gospel could have done 3:10, was He not referring to the better. What will it take to undo the “temple”? For it was in the context of wrong teaching? We must talk about the Old Testament. This concept, it, especially in our homes and in the together with Christ’s work of the marketplaces. We must involve our Cross, should inspire us to meet the church members in the discussion as needs of those who are needy in our we seek to understand what God midst. I am not saying that we do not requires of us in obedience. It is need to build church buildings. I am important that we employ the ever so suggesting that we look seriously at powerful mode of communication in both the Old Testament and New which Africans are renowned experts. Testament in order to grasp the I am referring to African “storytelling.” importance of this matter of giving. If African stories are not scheduled, we do this, we will begin to under- but are simply told as we sit in our stand the privilege of giving found houses, walk in our streets and visit throughout God’s word. in the marketplaces. We discuss things on the way to work even as we ride the buses. The storyteller is at Your brother in the Lord, times interrupted with questions and Gideon Kiongo www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 313131 Passing the Baton

With remarkable accomplishments to its credit, the AD2000 and Beyond Movement closes its doors. But its impact lives on.

Luis Bush at —Rick Wood GCOWE ’95

For all of the AD2000 314 mission leaders from 50 coun- was to mobilize the Body of Christ Movement’s short 12-year history, tries to Singapore to help answer this worldwide into active outreach to Mission Frontiers has been a partner question. The result was the birth of every people and every person. This with this movement in its efforts to the AD2000 and Beyond Movement mobilization effort expressed itself in mobilize the church to reach every with a commitment to establishing a four major initiatives: networking/ unreached people group. As we say church-planting movement within partnership, national initiatives, goodbye, it is with the hope that God every unreached people group. information gathering and dissemina- will bring to completion that which The AD2000 Movement started tion and global conferences. He has begun through them. We out as a small office to disseminate present here an overview of its history information. Although there was Networking and accomplishments. May we learn never more than 15 staff working The AD2000 leadership and staff the lessons from their success so we from the home office, under the saw their role as a catalyst to bring may complete the vision of a church leadership of Luis Bush, the new the mission community together to for every people that was at the heart international director, the catalytic cooperate and coordinate toward a of this movement. impact of this movement grew far out common goal and thereby boost the of proportion to its size. The central effectiveness of the overall mission t started out as a simple question purpose of the AD2000 Movement force. Building networks and partner- in the heart of Dr. Thomas Wang, I “Is God trying to tell us some- thing?” Dr. Wang, then International Final Statements of the AD2000 Director of the Lausanne Committee Leadership for World Evangelization, posed this question in the May 1987 issue of Rev. Dr. Thomas Wang: Project and Gateway Cities have Mission Frontiers. He presented the Chairman, AD2000 Intl. Board become household terms among fact that there were hundreds of God has put you and me into this churches and mission agencies today. separate global plans being created crucial hour before the return of His The AD2000 Movement has been ministering as a bugle-call to today’s and pursued to reach the world by the Son, Jesus Christ, with a definite purpose, the fulfillment of His Great churches to take the Great Commis- year 2000, asking; “What is He trying sion seriously and to fulfill the long- to say to you and me through these Commission. Under God’s loving mercy the delayed task. happenings around us today.” This AD2000 Movement was conceived God in history has raised up question became a burden for an and born during the preparation of various movements as His instrument answer in Dr. Wang’s heart. the second Lausanne Congress in for various purposes. When the Less than two years later in 1989. In a short span of one single purpose is fulfilled, the instrument January 1989, Dr. Wang convened the decade the Movement has received must have the wisdom and the first Global Consultation on World acceptance and cooperation from courage to die. And so it is with the Evangelization (GCOWE), bringing Christ’s global body and has been AD2000 Movement. During its very operating in over 100 countries of first International Board meeting, the Rick Wood has been the managing the world. Through its initiation, decision was made that the Movement editor of Mission Frontiers since 1990. names like 10/40 Window, Joshua as an organization would be dissolved

32 32 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 ships to accomplish this were an National Initiatives was doing to reach them. They used essential part of the process. From the beginning, the AD2000 this information to mobilize both Hundreds of mission organiza- Movement was led by people who churches and mission agencies to tions and ministries were brought had grown up outside of North focus their efforts on reaching these together to form specific “Tracks,” America. As a result, a major unreached peoples. The results have “Task Forces” and “Resource Net- emphasis of its efforts was on been spectacular. works.” Those ministries with similar mobilizing indigenous mission and At GCOWE ’95 in Seoul, Korea, areas of outreach came together to church structures to find and reach the AD2000 Movement released, in network, cooperate and coordinate every unreached people group within cooperation with the Peoples Infor- their efforts. Tracks were formed for their own countries. Over 100 mation Network, a list of unreached those involved with prayer, transla- countries have started national peoples under the title, The Least- tion, Gospel recordings, mobilization, initiatives as a result of the AD2000 Evangelized Peoples of the World. unreached peoples, saturation church Movement’s efforts. The U.S. was Following GCOWE ’95, the planting, women and more. slow to start, but its national initiative AD2000 Movement launched Joshua Those organizations that could is now moving forward as Mission Project 2000 with a focus on reaching benefit a wide range of ministries and America. the unreached peoples with a popula- tracks formed the resource networks tion of 10,000 or more. Shortly after or task forces. For example, Phill Butler’s ministry, Interdev, formed the Partnership Development Task Force The networks, partnerships and national to help a wide variety of ministries work together to reach specific initiatives that AD2000 fostered will not peoples. Likewise, Pete Holzmann soon be forgotten and will continue to headed up the Interactive Task Force to help all AD2000 participants use bear fruit in the future. technology to foster better communi- cation within and between the various Information Gathering and the launch of Joshua Project 2000 in networks and tracks. Distribution November 1995, the first Joshua Most, if not all, of the networks From its inception, the AD2000 Project list of 1,739 unreached and task forces will continue their Movement set out to collect the best peoples was released in the May ’96 cooperative efforts even though the information available on who the issue of Mission Frontiers. This list movement that brought them into unreached peoples are and what God was continually refined as new data being has closed its doors. became available. at the end of the year 2000. But the Rev. Dr. Luis Bush: International ¥ For each of the Praying Through spirit, vision and commitment of the Director, AD2000 & Beyond the Window initiatives I-IV, with Movement will hopefully continue to MovementMovementMovement prayer participation moving from 21 live, grow and be accomplished I rejoice with my two dear to 40+ million people around the through churches and mission brothers to be part of this final and globe, plus many onsite prayer agencies worldwide. farewell message of the AD2000 & journey teams as well. The measured With the of both the Beyond Movement. Much has been impact of this prayer is testimony of International and US Boards, it was said and reported upon over the brief God’s power through man’s faithful decided that a simple ceremony will tenure of this Movement, with great prayer! be held on April 20, 2001 in Los praises and thanks to God for His ¥ For the catalytic outflows of Angeles (where the first formative manifold blessings both seen and GCOWE ’95 / Korea and GCOWE meeting of the Movement was held unseen! Seeking to be brief, my ’97 / South Africa consultations, the back in 1989) to mark the formal praises and thanks are three-fold: fires still burning and advancing the closure of the organization of the ¥ For the early acceptance and flame edge among the unreached day AD2000 Movement. May God rapidly growing fellowship of leaders by day. continue to bless the final round on towards a church for every people and Praises be to God! May it all world evangelization through His own the Gospel for every person vision by continue, even increase, as God so way and in His own time. the year 2000, both for geographic leads and provides! Unless a kernel of wheat falls to and functional purposes. This matrix the ground and dies, it remains only a was well blessed in many places single seed. But if it dies, it produces around the world. many seeds. (John 12:24) See AD2000, continued on page 34. www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 333333 unreached Amsterdam 2000 meeting in August peoples but also 2000, Dr. Bruce Wilkinson of Walk the very Through the Bible challenged the 500 important “work delegates of the Strategic Task Force among” data on Evangelism to take responsibility which for reaching the remaining 253 documented untargeted peoples with a population where agencies over 10,000. By the end of the were working conference all 253 peoples had been with each of the selected by a mission agency for Joshua Project outreach. This was a specific example peoples. of how good information empowered Out of this the coordination and cooperation that survey came the is making a difference in the lives of Seen here are the 262 Christian leaders from 140 ministries in 77 list of the 579 hundreds of unreached peoples. countries that gathered in Colorado Springs in Nov. 1995 to “Untargeted launch Joshua Project 2000. They are holding the first Joshua Peoples.” These Global Conferences Project list of 1,739 peoples. are peoples with Throughout its short history the a population AD2000 Movement was propelled The information gathering over 10,000 with which no agency forward by major global conferences of continued as the AD2000 office was working or had plans to work. historic proportions that helped to focus launched a global survey of mission The hundreds of mission agency the efforts of the overall movement. agencies and their activities among leaders at GCOWE ’97 were chal- In May of 1995, GCOWE ’95 the Joshua Project peoples of the lenged to commit their organizations brought together over 4,000 delegates world. This survey of over 450 to reach out to these untargeted from 186 countries to Seoul, Korea, mission organizations and 350 other peoples. As a result, 390 of these making this the largest and most widely organizations and individuals untargeted peoples were selected by represented international Christian gathered 22,000 pieces of agency leaders for outreach. gathering in history at that time. What information. This survey was Over the next three years the is even more remarkable is that the published and released at GCOWE number of untargeted peoples went focus was on reaching every ’97 in South Africa as The Global up and down as agencies targeted unreached people by the year 2000. Guide to Unreached Peoples. It not various peoples and new information As the national initiatives only included information on the became available. At ’s developed around the world, so did

AD2000, Continued from page 33. Project II that will include even more significant gains were made in Rev. Dr. John Kyle: Chairman, unreached people groups than ever reaching the lost for Christ around the AD2000 US Support Committee & before. This is moving strategically world during the last decade of the Twentieth Century. I believe that BoardBoardBoard according to the Movement’s credo, A Church for Every People and the Christian history will verify that the Although the AD2000 & Beyond Gospel for Every Person. AD2000 & Beyond Movement was Movement has been brought to Also, our former sister organiza- guided by the Holy Spirit in seeking closure officially, the spirit of the tions continue to expand their global to carry out Christ’s Great Commis- Movement will live on as people vision as the Lausanne Movement sion worldwide to the Glory of God. across the globe continue to cooperate and World Evangelical Fellowship May God bless each of you who and work toward mutual goals. We forge ahead in seeking to provide participated in the Movement. It has have learned over these past years that ways to reach our world for Christ. been an immense privilege to labor we can accomplish a great deal more It is heartening that the Great Com- alongside of you these past years. by working together rather than mission Roundtable is also standing May the good Lord bless and keep independently. The Movement has by to assist Evangelicals in the task of you, individually and together, as the effectively handed off the concept of world evangelization. days proceed into the 21st Century / partnerships around strategic tasks by I am personally pleased that the 3rd Millennium! Please know of our way of the Networks and Task Force leadership of the AD2000 & Beyond deepest thanks and appreciation for concepts. Movement has been true to its original the many prayers, gifts and support I have noted, for instance, that bylaws that stressed closure of the given to the AD2000 Movement HIServices has proceeded from the organization at the close of over a throughout its brief, yet blessed years. Joshua Project 2000 to the Joshua decade of intense ministry. Extremely Thank you!

34 34 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 the desire to host and sponsor both more at least familiar with the term. Harvest Information System (HIS) regional and global events. The AD2000 not only mobilized people database currently being developed Koreans sponsored GCOWE ’95 and with vision, but it also brought people by a new organization called Joshua the South Africans hosted and together to solve problems, bringing a Project II consisting of a number of sponsored GCOWE ’97 in Pretoria. level of coordination and cooperation staff who once served in the AD2000 While GCOWE ’95 emphasized that was previously unknown. office. Much of the data gathered mobilization through vision sharing, under AD2000 is now part of the new GCOWE ’97 had a more practical A Lasting Legacy HIS database. This new data collec- side focusing on specific steps to take The networks, partnerships and tion effort by Joshua Project II will in reaching unreached peoples. national initiatives that AD2000 focus on all the peoples on earth The crowning jewel of this series fostered will not soon be forgotten regardless of size or evangelization of global conferences was to have and will continue to bear fruit in the status. It holds great promise to been Celebrate Messiah 2000. It was future. The multitude of ministries provide agencies with the most up-to- scheduled to take place in Jerusalem involved with AD2000 have seen the date “real time” information available. in December 2000, but a strike by power of partnership and will not Like the spark that ignites an Israeli immigration workers forced its want to see these networks end. enormous explosion of energy, the cancelation. A manifesto of this The AD2000 Movement brought AD2000 office has closed, but the meeting was published and is available together many of the best researchers flames of vision and cooperation it on the Mission Frontiers website.1 on unreached peoples to form a has birthed lives on in Joshua Project cooperative network to produce lists II and the hundreds of organizations Accomplishments of unreached peoples with common and thousands of individuals that The AD2000 Movement coding that all could endorse and use. made up this amazing movement. It succeeded in mobilizing a significant This was a monumental achievement is now up to all of us to work together portion of the global evangelical in cooperation and made the first to finish the task. church and missions community with Joshua Project list of unreached a vision to reach the unreached peoples possible. This network of ______peoples—and thereby provide access researchers has developed into the 1. See www.missionfrontiers.org/2001/02/cm2k.htm to the Gospel to every person. The concept of the “10/40 Window” was a huge marketing success with as many as 40 million believers praying for this part of the world and millions

• closely partnering with sending churches • team approach to ministry • focus on tribal peoples of western U.S. and Mexico • servant evangelism through community

Informative Brochure and Video Available AmeriTribes • PO Box 27346, Tucson, AZ 85726-7346 Phone: (520) 670-9400 • FAX: (520) 670-9444 E-Mail: [email protected] Web Address: www.ameritribes.org www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 353535 THE STUDENT MOBILIZER Dreaming the Impossible Can a younger generation of Indians be raised up as laborers for the Great Commission?

—Shibu K. Mathew athew, a 26-year-old population exceeding executive from a multi- one billion. Mnational company left Liberalization, behind a sizable paycheck, quit his globalization and the job “to do something that outlasts this Internet have added the life” and joined a company that needed impetus for an entrepreneurial among the younger generation. The supports the cause of mission. spirit. Earlier generations typically older generation is also adjusting to A student group in South India found security with a government job the changing situation by learning to comprised of students from five states and stuck with it until retirement. send e-mails to their children far away. recently raised $4,300 for a two-week Today’s generation is swapping jobs Are Indian missions and churches mission trip. and constantly looking for an oppor- taking advantage of the opportunities India is in transition. Gurcharan tunity to climb up the ladder. They offered by this new environment? Is Das, in his best seller India Unbound, have a “just do it” mentality. the younger generation excited about portrays the social and economic According to the 1991 census, finishing the task of reaching the transformation that is taking place in 55.4 percent of India’s population is unreached people groups of India? contemporary India. He divides the between the ages of 15 and 59 and “The missions and churches have last fifty years into three eras: 26.6 percent is between the ages of been slothful in getting more young 1. Our Spring of Hope (1942-65) 15 and 29. Economists predict that people, but God is raising up more 2. The Lost Generation (1966-91) India will lead the new millennium youth to be involved in missions,” 3. The Rebirth of Dreams (1991-99). because of its large pool of workers answers Kumar Swamy, the South He says this generation can dream available for IT and related fields. India director of Operation Mobiliza- and fulfill dreams which would have India’s growing practice of “export- tion. He continues, “After the death been unachievable for their grandpar- ing” its human resources to different of Graham Staines (the Australian ents. The above examples show some parts of the world is expanding the missionary martyred with his two of the determination and flexibility of international impact of Indians. sons) we had a recruiting camp. We the youth of India. Cashing in on this opportunity, many had many apprehensions, but to our The success of Indians in the area multinational companies have started surprise more than 60 youngsters of information technology (IT) has branches or main operations in India. came for the camp.” He also cited spurred optimism among younger The new-generation “yuppies” are that the number of recruits from Indians—in spite of daunting issues earning in a month what their grand- Orissa, Goa and Maharashtra is like poverty, parents earned in their lifetime. increasing—apart from South Indians. illiteracy, and a Consumer companies are making “We get an average of 25 young people specialized products to suit this at all the Discipleship Training young and rich market. Schools (DTS) in different parts of Shibu K. Mathew is a mission mobilizer Though these changes affect a India,” remarks Jiggu, YWAM leader with Perspectives small percentage of the population, in Bangalore. Some 30 percent of DTS India. E-mail: attitudes and preferences are chang- participants continue on with YWAM; [email protected]. ing fast in all areas of life, especially the rest are challenged to be involved 36 36 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 in missions at different levels. Half of Lack of follow-up. Sufficient life to medical missions, and she is the participants in OM’s recruiting support has to be given to interested mobilizing others to do the same. camp stay with OM for church- students to continue in their mission During his student days a man Vijay planting efforts. The rest are sent commitment, otherwise they lose interest, participated in a National Missionary back with a missionary vision, with suggests Dr. Shaji Thomas, who Training camp organized by the some pursuing theological studies. recently led a short-term mission trip. Union of Evangelical Students of Although these numbers are India (UESI). The field exposure encouraging, they are meager compared How can we motivate the opened his eyes, and now he is a to tasks that face the church in India. younger generation? Bible translator in North India. The awareness for mission has Through its Student Volunteer What is hindering India’s young to be increased. OM’s Kumar says Program, the India Missions Associa- people from being involved in that more mission meetings must be tion is giving opportunities to young missions?missions?missions? Lack of understanding about God and mission. Jacob Isaac, director of Kerygma Ministries which focuses on urban youth, said that if the youth are challenged, they will respond. But their missions awareness is minimal. Saju George, director New Life Computer Institute (NLCI), agrees that more missions education is needed at all levels. Parental pressure. Indian parents will typically spend all their earnings on their children’s education in hopes of getting support from them in their older days. They will Success in the area of information oppose a mission career, which is always at minimal pay and without technology has spurred optimism much social status, except in a few among younger Indians. They parts of the country. Materialism. As discretionary have a “just do it” mentality. income is increasing, consumerism is also increasing multi-fold. An affluent lifestyle is preventing many organized to focus on students and people to be in the mission field for a from committing to missions. lay people. The plan of God and His month. Last year, around 20 students Wrong concept of mission mission should be taught in the visited various fields through this involvement. Most students equate churches and youth groups. Missions program. Jose Thomas, coordinator mission involvement only with full- must be emphasized as part of of SVP and missions secretary of time commitment and are not aware discipleship. The responsibility of UESI, says that he wants to “send a of other roles in mission. While many reaching India should be laid upon hundred students every year through are willing to go as a missionary, Indians. Forming mission interest this program.” Except the month-long behind-the-scenes roles are often groups at local levels for young SVP, no other missions are offering ignored, as they are considered people can create mission awareness. regular short-term exposure programs insignificant. Churches are willing to Preaching and teaching the Great that are open to all lay people. support a field missionary but not an Commission should be reintroduced Mobilizing theological stu- office administrator in a mission in the pulpits. Praying for missions dents.dents.dents. There are more than 300 office. Because of this attitude, most should be practiced as a church, in Bible training institutes in India, but Indian mission organizations lack groups and within families. the majority of them focus on good administrators, accountants, Cross-cultural trips. Mission pastoral ministry instead of mission- computer operators, editors, etc. exposure trips are the best mobiliza- ary training. A study of non-Catholic Many who do not fit a field missionary tion tool, according to Dr. Thomas. by prominent sociologists T. role opt to pray or support missions One team member who is a medical K. Oommen and Hunter P. Mabry rather than to get directly involved. student has decided to dedicate her found that there is an unhealthy www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 373737 “craze” among theological What can you do to students for higher studies. Frankly Speaking mobilize India? After finishing their studies ¥ Pray that God will raise they either opt for urban Overcoming complacency for the lost of India up more workers and or continue the mobilizers. pursuit of education—thus feel jittery to think of the without the Lord Jesus Christ? ¥ If you are called to the rural parishes are Ithings to be done to influence How much do I really believe minister in India, use the depleted of pastors. Their this nation for Christ. I am that Christ is the answer for each opportunity to mobilize. study also reveals that, slightly angered by the snail’s individual’s sin, that Christ is the ¥ Create Indian mission while 70 percent of pace at which the churches and only One who will change the resources, including Christians in India live in organizations go about ethos and corruption of men and, videos, for mobilizing rural areas, over 50 percent addressing the needs of this ultimately, change the nation? youth, children and of the pastors live in cities. nation, constantly arguing over If India is to ever change, adults. non-matters such as church vs. we must be committed to the These prospective pastors parachurch and other rubbish, ethos of Jesus and convinced of ¥ Challenge Indians must be mobilized, so they which will never be solved nor the reality of salvation through abroad to support mis- can, in turn, mobilize the win one person to follow the Christ. I just wonder if the sionaries working among churches. Lord Jesus Christ. I really believe church and all of us are ready India’s many unreached Mobilize the that these are of the devil to for it. Or, will our complacency people groups. churches. churches. “Mobilize the slow Christians down to cause us to perpetuate the Mobilization is clergy. It is easy for them uselessness while millions head same practices and excuses bringing about more to challenge youth groups for eternal damnation. which have made very little involvement. For the last and the churches. Then the I guess that there are two difference to this nation? six years, New Life pastors will let go their ways to go. One is to take the Think and pray, man. Computer Institute has young people and other side of the opponents of The response is for me to been mobilizing young William Carey and say, “The proactively think, drive and do resources,” advises OM’s people for Bible transla- Lord does not need your help what needs to be done to Kumar. or mine to reach the world. He influence the nation and see tion. As a result, more Catch them young. will get people to do things in people to come to Christ. than 50 have decided Saju George proposes that His own time!” Talk about Let’s do something signifi- on Bible translation students should be mobi- callousness! This would let me cant in the days to come— ministry. lized before graduation, so relax and keep going at my corporately motivating people Another tool for it will be easier for them to own speed, without a care for to make a difference for Christ creating awareness is the make career decisions. seeing the nations and people in this nation—which will spill over South Asian version of Sunday School and around me come to Christ. to many other parts of the world! Perspectives. This book is Vacation Bible School My complacency causes me now being used by materials should have a to question whether or not I Your Brother, various training institu- really believe that hell is real. K. Rajendran mission emphasis to tions. In Chennai, after a If so, how much do I really President, India Missions challenge children. believe that people go to hell Association Perspectives class, two Using creative means participants joined the of mobilization. A survey ministry and one pastor among young people says that TV percent of their readers were above the moved to North India. Using their influences their decisions and age of 40. So most of the information hobbies, some housewives who took attitudes. New Life Computer reaches only the older generation. the class are raising money to support Institute uses media effectively to The need for youth-oriented mission missions. Through its missionary mobilize for Bible translation. Saju magazines is crucial. Information conferences, retreats and other George says that visual media make about various ministry opportunities programs, UESI mobilizes more than the challenge more effective than an should be provided on a regular 100 students every year. ordinary message would. Kerygma’s basis. But these efforts are like a drop in Jacob Isaac also indicated there is Promote creative ideas of the ocean of India’s needs. Unless need for more Indian mission videos. mission involvement. As entrepre- churches and missions coordinate Missions should be communicated neurship increases in India, Christians efforts to mobilize lay people now, through drama, skits and songs. should be trained in tentmaking efforts India will continue to be a missions More resources. There are many and deployed in unreached areas of challenge for the coming generation. mission magazines but most are used India and abroad. Jacob Isaac suggests, May the Lord raise more dreamers as promotional materials. In a survey “Youth will more interested in special- who “expect great things from God, done by one mission magazine, 90 ized ministries than generic ones.” and attempt great things for God.”

38 38 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 NEWS COMINAD Unveils Adopt-A- Bible League and Adopt-a-People Village Project Clearinghouse Merge ORLANDO Reconciliation Ministries Aiming to enhance the unreached people groups with Over 50 members of the Network, Carver International goals of both ministries, The resources for “adopting” them Cooperative Missions Network Missions, South Africa Inland Bible League and the Adopt- through prayer, partnership, of the African Dispersion Missions, National Black A-People Clearinghouse have provision and personnel. (COMINAD) met on April 9- Evangelical Association and announced plans for a merger 12, 2001 at Wycliffe’s Bible Campus Crusade. They were to be completed by early 2002. Translators’ Center for a asked to take part in a “nuts “This merger will greatly Up and Coming conference that challenged all and bolts” type meeting to increase discipleship training COMING TOGETHER attendees to participate in the plot a workable way to make around the world by enabling FOR UNITY development process of the the vision reality. a greater number of un- In what has been de- Adopt-A-Village (AAV) “I feel like I got a peek reached people groups to be scribed as the most compre- project. Envisioned by Brian into a Kingdom Construction introduced to the Word,” said hensive meeting of mission Johnson, COMINAD’s planning meeting around the Dennis Mulder, President of workers in over 40 years, a national coordinator, AAV is all throne,” said one participant. The Bible League. broad spectrum of mission about “building relationships Some challenging issues that The Bible League was associations will join with between villages in Africa and were covered during this founded in 1938 and to make relief and development asso- the churches in the West, for development phase included Scripture available through ciations and others for a the purpose of furthering God’s coordinating a networking training and supplying local convention entitled Kingdom,” Johnson said. system, choosing a village to churches for evangelism and “Godsmission.commUNITY.” Participants included adopt, designing AAV to not discipleship. Meeting September 20-23 representatives from a range be a burden to mission agen- The Clearinghouse was in Haines City, Florida, the of ministries, including cies and avoiding inherent formed in 1989, (initially focus on unity will look for Wycliffe, SIM, USCWM, problems of exploitation, based at the U.S. Center for “new pathways for collabora- YWAM, Africa Christian paternalism, denominational- World Mission) and provides tive global ministry.” Fellowship-USA, the Center ism and sectarianism. resources on the world’s On the web: www.godsmission.com for Urban Theological Studies, COMINAD by e-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Obituary NEW TOOLS The International Society A Lost Voice for the Martyrs for Frontier Missiology Pastor Richard Wurmbrand, the Romanian convinced him to leave and become a “voice” (ISFM) will hold its annual founder of The Voice of the Martyrs, died on for the underground church to the world. conference on September 19 February 17, 2001, in Glendale, California, In October 1967 he published the first & 20 in Orlando, Florida. after a long illness. issue of “The Voice of the Martyrs” newsletter Patrick Johnstone (Operation Born March 24, 1909, in Bucharest, Romania, and began to establish the international offices World) and Todd Johnson Wurmbrand came to faith through the Anglican which would assist him in efforts to inform (World Christian Encyclope- Mission in Bucharest, eventually Christians everywhere about perse- dia) will join a number of pastoring the Norwegian Lutheran cuted Christians. By the mid-1980s other speakers to discuss Mission there. his work was established in 80 re- “New Tools in the Toolbox.” He was kidnapped by Romanian stricted nations with offices in 30 On the web: www.isfm.bigstep.com authorities in February 1948 and countries. E-mail: [email protected] imprisoned in Bucharest. He was An author of 18 books in English, AFRICANS FOR subjected to brainwashing attempts, he is widely recognized for Tortured MISSION physical and mental torture and threats for Christ, the recount of his experi- African Christian Fellow- to his family. His wife, Sabina, was ences in prison. He had returned to ship-USA will hold their Richard Wurmbrand Romania in 1990 and retired from imprisoned for three years as well. 1909-2001 biennial convention at Ohio After a release, Wurmbrand was day-to-day work at Voice of the State University in Columbus, rearrested in 1959 and sentenced to 25 addi- Martyrs in 1992. Tom White is the current Ohio on August 1-5, 2001. tional years. Pressure from Western countries director of VOM. Wurmbrand is survived by Over 1000 attendees are ex- led to his release in 1964. Although reluctant to his son, Michael Wurmbrand, and three grand- pected, largely first generation leave Romania, he then heeded the council of children. Africans in the United States. Romanian underground church leaders, who www.persecution.com On the web: www.acfusa.net www.missionfrontiers.org Mission Frontiers June 2001 393939 Hot Titles A Light Shines in Central Asia Thomas Hale Circles of Blessing New Title Redemption in the Rainforest New book from the author of On Being a Missionary. David A. Tucker and Arlene Knickerbocker Presents real-life experiences of missionaries sharing Dave and Kathy Tucker served as missionaries in Irian the gospel in Buryatia, Tibet, Mongolia, etc. These Jaya, Indonesia for nine years. 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Retail $35.95 Discount $26.00 *Wholesale $22.00 AAFC00002 Ambassadors for Christ, paperback 28 pp. Retail $9.99 Discount $5.00 *Wholesale $4.50 William Carey Library Book Publisher and Distributor P.O. Box 40129, Pasadena, CA 91114 1-800-MISSION [email protected] FURTHER REFLECTIONS Christ. As Jesus builds His church, Hell’s gates will not be strong enough to withstand it! Where are We Headed? Jesus doesn’t say He will take If we know the goal we’re more likely to hit it. over governments. He doesn’t say everyone will follow Him. He doesn’t —Greg H. Parsons tell us we’ll just walk in and all this will happen. He simply says, “I will xperienced field coaches who That is what that missionary build My church.” work with mission teams in woman was trying to say. She wants Are we listening? Is that the focus Etough places believe that one to love people into the Kingdom. But and passion of our lives and our of the biggest reasons—often un- I wonder if she will feel she is not churches? stated—for missionary attrition is that getting anywhere without understand- I’ve seen a number of evangelical the missionaries aren’t actually ing the second instance when Jesus church mission statements. They getting anywhere. They aren’t getting says He will do something, in usually hold high the teaching/ anything done. Matthew 16:18. There He says, preaching of the word. They talk Is it because of our model in the “…upon this rock, I will build my about worship and fellowship and United States? church; and the gates of Hades shall prayer. Some add a statement about A young missionary woman and not prevail against it.”2 Many transla- outreach including evangelism and/or her husband were just about to leave tions use “overpower” instead of missions. All of these are wonderful for the field to work with an organi- “prevail.” The word katischuo has the and necessary. zation focused on church planting among unreached peoples. At a If the mission field church is modeled after what we church mission conference she have here, we may never see that church grow and truely remarked, “I don’t know about this impact its community for the Lord. church planting, I just want to go out there and be like Jesus.” root meaning “to be strong, powerful, How many talk about church We certainly need more people to gain the ascendancy.”3 The idea of planting? How many churches think being like Jesus on the mission field! overpower has remained in modern of multiplying their impact for the Younger missionaries these days Greek. Yet, it makes more sense— Lord by starting another church in bring a dimension of this some of us since gates are defensive weapons— their area? Do their missionaries veterans need. We need missionaries for gates to prevail (or not) than for focus on this? So many churches who deeply desire to be like Christ in gates to overpower (or not). getting involved in missions are every aspect of their lives. We need In any case, Jesus tells us that He looking for short-term results when believers—missionaries or not—who will build His church. It is important church planting in a new culture takes live out those beliefs everyday. to remember that the church didn’t time—because the gates haven’t been But we also need to know where exist yet. The word for church in only broken into yet. we are headed. used three times in the gospels; here, Perhaps it wouldn’t take as much I’ve been studying the words of and twice in Matt. 18. The next time time if we were living it, praying it, Jesus related to what He would do— it shows up is not until Acts 5:11. and sending our people out to see the I’ve called it the I will statements. I’m Jesus doesn’t give much detail about church built; in other words, model- not finished with my study yet, but so this new structure or meeting, but He ing it. If the mission field church is far, two things stick out. does say that it will be His. He modeled after what we have here, we One is in Matthew 4:19 where doesn’t say He will build the church, may be in big trouble in terms of Jesus tells the first disciples, “Follow but He will build His church. seeing that church grow and truly Me, and I will turn you into fishers of Jesus presents a clear picture here impact its community for the Lord. men.”1 of where He is going. The phrase Perhaps that young missionary following adds to His focus. The idea woman can’t imagine how to plant the Rev. Greg Parsons is that the gates of Hell will not prevail church because she has never seen it General Director of the against the church strengthens our done! U.S. Center for World church planting focus. The gates of ______Mission. He’s been on 1. NET Bible Translation, www.netbible.com staff at the USCWM for Hades are keeping people from the 2. Author’s translation. 18 years. light and truth that is found only in 3. Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich 1957, pg. 425

42 42 June 2001 Mission Frontiers USCWM•1605 E. Elizabeth St.•Pasadena, CA 91104•626-797-1111 . . . to stay in touch with the heart

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MF/2001 Eth•no•mu•si•col•o•gy: where music and world cultures meet

Explore the new Master of Arts in Ethnomusicology at Bethel College.

Prepare for cross-cultural music ministry: o Study the traditions, systems and practices of world cultures. o Understand how a culture’s music expresses its . o Equip yourself to use indigenous music for worship, discipleship and evangelism.

Course schedule: Two 11-week summer sessions meeting in day and evening classes at Bethel College, St. Paul, MN, plus an internship and thesis/project

3900 Bethel Drive, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112 651-635-8000 or 800-255-8706, ext. 8000 www.bethel.edu/cgcs

Mission Frontiers is available electronically, at no extra charge, on a missions-oriented E-mail network called Brigada. To receive MF OnlineOnlineMF , send an e-mail to [email protected] and say, subscribe brigada in the message block. On a second line of that message say, subscribe brigada-pubs-missionfrontiers. That is all you need to do.

The United States Nonprofit Center for World Mission Organization 1605 E. Elizabeth Street U.S. Postage Pasadena, CA 91104 PAID Pasadena, CA Change Service Requested Permit No. 563

Please let us know when you are moving. This will save us much needed funds for ministry.