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1 HEALTH IN OUR HANDS! January 2012

transfused to patients. The process This month’s issue of Health in Donation should take 1 hour and 25 minutes. A Our Hands recognizes blood donor person is eligible to donate double red month. including paperwork, usually takes blood cells every 112 days up to 3 about an hour. times a year. Giving Blood are tiny Other types of blood Blood is a bodily fluid fragments that operate to control donations are directed and autologous. composed of red blood cells, white . is A directed donation is received by a blood cells, platelets and a watery performed only at select blood patient from a family member or substance called plasma. This donation centers. For this particular friend. An autologous donation is specialized fluid is responsible for donation, an apheresis machine is used when an individual donates for their delivering oxygen and nutrients to to collect the platelets from blood and own use with a doctor’s approval. If the cells, removing waste, transporting sends the red blood cells and majority blood from the autologous donation is hormones, as well as helping our of the plasma back to the donor. The not used, it is simply discarded. bodies fight . Blood is a very process usually takes anywhere from critical element for life and cannot be one and-a-half to two and-a-half hours. Blood Types artificially manufactured. It is through This substance is used a great deal Because we’re all and the generosity of donors that blood during surgical procedures. A person is everyone’s blood runs red, we should banks receive blood to transport to eligible to donate platelets every 7 days be able to donate to anybody. Right? hospitals. There are over 38,000 blood and up to 24 times a year. No, wrong. Blood is categorized into donations needed every day. One Plasma is the liquid portion of four major types. For a safe donation of blood can save up to three blood that supplies water and nutrients transfusion, blood types can only be lives to cells and contains that help matched in a certain way. Types of Donations blood clot. Plasma donations are • Type A- can be donated to usually collected during platelet There are a number of type A and AB apheresis. The apheresis machines substances in blood that can be • Type B – can be donated to collects and separates platelets, plasma, transfused to help save lives. After an type B and AB and red blood cells. If plasma is being individual makes the decision to • Type AB- can only be collected simultaneously with platelets, donate, they can choose to donate donated to AB; however, a only the red blood cells are sent back to whole or parts of blood such as red patient with type AB can the donor once separated. This process blood cells, platelets, and plasma. receive from all blood types normally takes an hour and fifteen Blood can also be donated directly or • Type O- can be donated to all minutes. A person is eligible to donate autologously. blood types plasma every 28 days up to 13 times a is “the most There is also another component year common” form of . A associated with and that’s Red blood cells are what give pint of blood is usually drawn and takes positive and negative. These terms blood its color. These cells carry about 8- 10 minutes. A person is come from the Rh factor. If it’s present inhaled oxygen to tissues and carbon eligible to donate again every 56 days. the blood type is positive and negative dioxide away from tissues to be Whole blood can also be used for its if absent. The universal blood type for exhaled. donation is parts once it arrives at the hospital. red cell donation is type O negative and similar to plasma and platelet However, it will not contain as much plasma donation is type AB positive. donations. The apheresis machine does platelets, plasma, or red blood cells the separating and sends the other compared to donating individual Donation Process elements back to the donor. These cells elements. The entire donation process, The donation process is pretty are the most common elements simple. There are only four steps: 2 HEALTH IN OUR HANDS! January 2012

registration, health history/physical, o Diabetic donors who used  Bring identification. You will donation, and refreshments. bovin insulin from the United be asked for id during • Registration. Kingdom registration. During this time, a staff o Blood pressure has to be lower  Ask questions. If you’re member will sign the donor in, than 180/100 and higher than unsure or curious about request identification, and 80/50 anything just ask. The staff is present them with information o Donors having cancers of the there to help you. about the donation process blood (, ,  Research the center if you are after. etc.) not familiar with it. It’s always • Health History o Donors having Chromis beneficial to do a little A qualified staff member will Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic research. Knowing you’re ask the donor specific Fatigue and Immune donating at a good center may questions regarding their Dysfunction Syndrome, help relieve some anxiety. health. They will also perform Myalgic Encyphalomyelitis,  Refrain from doing strenuous a mini-physical to determine if Cruetzfeldt-Jakob Disease, activities after you have the individual is eligible to Mad Cow Disease donated. Follow the donate. o Hemochromatosis suggestions you will receive • Donation o Hemoglobin below 12.5 g/dL post-donation. During this stage, the donor is (different requirements for seated. The site for the double red blood cell Locations donation is cleaned and a donation) If you’re in the Jonesboro, AR sterile needle is placed in the o Hepatitis, Jaundice since age area and you would like to donate arm. The donation phase is 11 blood, here is a list of locations. complete once a pint of blood o HIV, AIDs has been collected. o Sickle Cell Disease (those American Red Cross- Jonesboro Center • Refreshments with the trait are eligible) 1904 Grant Street, Suite A Once a pint of blood has been o Donors with active Jonesboro, AR 72401 collected, the donor can relax Tuberculosis or currently (870)268-1975 and enjoy nice refreshments being treated before leaving. o Donors that are pregnant DCI Biologicals Inc. o Donors that have spent a 2309 E Nettleton Ave After the blood has been substantial amount of time in Jonesboro, AR 72401 drawn, it is placed in an ice cooler countries where Mad Cow (870)-934-9435 before it is processed, tested, stored, Disease is found and distributed. During the processing o Donors that have lived in Sources for this article include: stage, blood is scanned, centrifuged, Western Africa or have had 1. www.redcrossblood.org/donati and samples are drawn for testing. The close contact with people from ng-blood blood samples are sent to a laboratory that area ( concern about HIV 2. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplu where they are tested for: Chagas Group O) s/bloodtransfusionanddonation disease, Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C .html virus, HIV 1, 2, Human T- Prepare Yourself for Donation 3. www.americasblood.org Lymphotrophic virus, syphilis, and Every donor wants to have a West Nile virus. If a blood sample tests successful donation. Here are a few tips **If you have any suggestions for positive, the donor will be contacted that will help: newsletter topics, please contact Dean and the donation will be discarded.  Drink plenty of water. Susan Hanrahan at [email protected]. Hydration is very important ************** The Arkansas State University Eligibility when donating blood. Employee Wellness Newsletter is published Not everyone is eligible to donate  Get plenty of rest. You monthly during the academic year by the blood. The Food and Drug wouldn’t want to be tired. College of Nursing and Health Professions. Administration specifies most of the  Wear comfortable clothing. Health questions can be addressed to Dean eligibility rules for blood centers across The needle will be placed in Susan Hanrahan, Ph.D., ext. 3112 or the nation. However, each program has your arm. Wearing a top that [email protected]. Produced by Jerrica medical professionals determining the can be rolled past the elbow Thomas, graduate student in the College of would be convenient. Nursing and Health Professions, Physical other rules. As a result, eligibility rules Therapy Program.  Eat a healthy meal. will vary between programs. The Consuming an unhealthy meal following are only a few reasons why can affect the blood testing by an individual would be ineligible: the fats that linger in the o Donor with acute blood.