Kazbanu A. Sumra1, Ekta B. Joshi2 And

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CONTRIBUTION OF TREE DIVERSITY OF BHUJ

URBAN LANDSCAPE TO MAINTAIN THE

ECOLOGICAL BALANCE OF SURROUNDING ECOSYSTEMS, KACHCHH-GUJARAT

KAZBANU A. SUMRA1, EKTA B. JOSHI2 AND

PANKAJ N. JOSHI3 NAAS Rating 2012:1.3; 2013-16: 2.69 1&3 SAHJEEVAN, 175-JALARAM SOCIETY, 2017-2020: 3.98 BHUJ-KACHCHH, GUJARAT: 370001.

2 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, R.R.LALAN COLLEGE,

IMPACT FACTOR BHUJ-KACHCHH, GUJARAT: 370001. 2019-20: 2.40 Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

IPI Value 1.92 ABSTRACT: This study conducted between 2018 and 2019 with assessment of all Received on: 30th July 2020 trees in Bhuj Urban Landscape- BUL and collected all ecological data Revised on: required for calcuation of carbon sequestraion by tree cover. As we 20th August 2020 know, due to urbanisation and many more development in urban Accepted on: landcsape, surrounding ecosystems are under heavy presuure and 25th August 2020 Published on: degraded with loss of biodiversity and ecological services providing to 1st September 2020 urban population. A total of four main ecosystems are existing in and around the BUL are tropical thorn forests, scrub forest, wetland- Volume No. riverine forest and agriculture areas. During this study, a total of 128 Online & Print 127 (2020) tree species under 92 genera and 44 families are recorded from BUL; with a total of 157 individual trees are also documented as more than Page No. 09 to 21 50 years old and plantated at various localities. Among all trees Life Sciences Leaflets recorded, several species like Tamarindus indica, Delonix regia, is an international open Azadirechta indica, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, access print & e journal, peer reviewed, Pithecellobium dulce,Polyalthia longifolia and Leucaena worldwide abstract leucocephalaare predominantly recorded in BUL with highest listed, published every calculation of carbon storage. month with ISSN, RNI Free- membership, KEYWORDS: Bhuj Urban Landscape, Kachchh, Gujarat, Carbon downloads and access. sequestration, Ecological services. https://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 9

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INTRODUCTION: Trees are play an important role in biodiversity conservation and helpful in maintaining the level of carbon dioxide in atmosphere and increase the ration of rainfall and also store a carbon dioxide in large amount and improve the air quality. Some tree species also growing in desert areas, for soil protecting and improvement and helpful in desertification to stop the desert area in dry regions.Trees are also playing important role in Cities Infrastructure and Ornamentation of urban landscape. So, it has become requisite to determine the tree cover in urban and rural areas and also determined the tree species diversity in cities and towns by using the information about tree cover in cities. Hence, many cities are developed the green belt in urban area and providing the suitable ecosystem for micro and macro biotic community; which providing an ecological equilibrium (Chavda, 2015). In the environment friendly society “Go Green” mantra has become relevant in each and every aspect of business. There is a wave of change with all business activities to not only focus on proﬁt but also on people and planet. Sustainability is the key issue. In this new era it becomes essential to address the green issues. Now each action is required to been environmentally responsible. Green is the word now 'Green Computing', 'Green Banking', 'Green Strategic Management' and so on (Ahuja, 2015;Tamboli,2016). STUDY AREA: The Kachchh district located at 23084’65”N and 69086’83” E. The Total area of district is 45,674 sq. km. having coast line of 406 km. Kachchh is surrounded by Desert at North-East and South west and connect with Arabian Sea at south. Kachchh have 10 talukas, Abdasa, Anjar, Bhuj, Bhachau, Gandhidham, Lakhpat, Mandvi, Mundra, Nakhtrana and Rapar. Bhuj city is headquarter of district and Bhuj taluka and is situated in central part of Kachchh, located between the 230 25’N Latitude to 690 67’E Longitude (Fig. 1).The Study area is under the dry regions of country. The Bhuj city experience excessive weather conditions. The climate in Bhuj city is very hot and cold.The winter season starts from the mid of Nov. and till end of Feb.Minimum average temperature ranging between the 9-100during winter. The summer season remains the March to middle of June and temperature reaches upto38-400C during summer. The Monsoon season start from Middle of June and till end Sep., with average rainfall is 266.66mm and with the average 9 rainy days.The city is living on the igneous rocks that came down from the mantle and also surrounded by Hills. Main type of soil is sandy soil, loamy soil, clay soil and stacked ground soil. The main language of Bhuj city people is Kachchhi and Gujarati. A total of four main ecosystems are existing in and around the BUL are tropical thorn forests, scrub forest, wetland-riverine forest and agriculture areas.Selected localities and landscape cover is https://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 10

Life Sciences Leaflets FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 2277-4297(Print) 0976–1098(Online) undulating terrain with human habitation.The hilly area of Bhuj city is also recorded rare plant species like Commiphorawightii (according to IUCN Red Data Book& wildlife ENVIS bulletin of India) and wild tree species like Butea monosperma, Tacomelaundulata,Soymidafebrifuga and Capparis grandis etc.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study of trees species diversity in Bhuj city was based on the field survey i.e. extensive and intensive study of Trees Diversity. For this study, Bhuj city was selected and the total area of city is the 56 sq.km. but for present study, all the main ring roads (along sides), university road and Bhujio hill landscape are selected. Data on the taxonomical and ethenomedicinal were obtained during the visits of different areas of Bhuj city. During field trip plant sample with flowering and fruiting stages are collected. The ethenobotanical and traditional knowledge about dominant flora were collected during interviewing with local and senior citizens. In addition, the traditional uses of tree species are also available in published and un-published literatureare also referred. The Secondary data on flora are also collected from Government and Non-Government Institutes. All the samples were collected carefully and observed very closely with important characters and features for further identification. All photographs were taken for habit, flowers, fruits, bark and other important characteristics. The identification and confirmation of plant species was done by using different floras, experts and institutes/college, published literature, references, books etc. The state floras, national-international floras, doctoral thesis and digital flora are also used for identification of species. Few tree species without flowering and fruiting are identified through available local name and same confirmed from published literatures. The entire revised and latest name had been used for proper nomenclature. The rule of priority, in according to International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) has been followed and also revised up to date floras, publication and ICBN regulation has been followed. The carbon sequestration finds out by the using non-distractive method as well as allometric formulas.Some important and dominant tree species i.e.10 selected for the calculation of carbon sequestration. For all selected 10 trees collected data on Girth at Breast Height (GBH), Above Ground Biomass (AGB), Below Ground Biomass (BGB) and total biomass for important necessary calculation. Brown et al., (1992) model used to calculate the carbon sequestration for selected trees in Bhujwith using following formula: Y = exp {-2.4090 + 0.9522 ln ( D2 * H * S)} Where: Y=Biomass (kg), (AGB), D=from 1.3 m above ground Girth (cm); H = Height of tree (m), S = Wood density ,15% of AGB is BGB. TB = AGB + BGB , 72.5 % TB (total biomass) is dry biomass. https://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 11

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50% of dry biomass is Carbon content. C + 2O = CO2

Count C content into CO2 multiply value of C by 3.67 is a CO2 eq.

Girth at breast height (GBH) cm: The GBH measured by the measure tap at the above 1.37 m ground level and calculated in the cm. Above Ground Biomass (AGB): Carbon content in above ground biomass was calculated by Brown et el, model formula. Below Ground Biomass (BGB): 15% biomass was below ground biomass. Formulas for Analysis of Carbon content

RESULT AND DISCUSSION: In total 128 Trees species (involving two gymnosperms) were recorded during this study. Among them 114 Dicots, 12 Monocots and 2 gymnosperms were recorded. The total 44 Families and 92 Genera of trees recorded during this study. The comparative ratio of dicots and monocots was 1:9.5. The total trees recorded in two form, Small trees and Trees. The dominant form was Trees by recording to 119 species followed by 7 small tree species. The floristic diversity included the both flat terrain and undulating areas. The dominant Family was Mimosaceae with 12 species followed by Rutaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Moraceae and Aracaceae all were with the 7.81%. Other families were Fabaceae (4.68 %) and Bignoniacaeae (5.47%) were representive more species. The Genera found with the highest number in study area were Citrus, Acacia and Ficus with the 6.59% followed by other dominant genera; Cordia, Salvadora and Cassia with the 3.29%. The comparison between Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons showed a ratio of 1:13 among family, 1:6.05 among Genera and 1:9.5 among species and Present ratio was compared with the entire Gujarat reported by the Gujarat Forest Department. They recorded about 401 Tree species, in 226 Genera and 70 Family in the Trees of Gujarat, this ratio is clearly high compared to present study.The north-west and old city area of Bhuj recorded with very rich native and old trees. These areas are mostly green due to agriculture landscape and oldest areas of a city. The Prosopis julifora was very dominant in the north side and around the hilly area of Bhuj city. The distribution of Prosopis is harmful to the native tree species diversity. So, this study revealed that proper management for the contribution of Prosopis and other trees species needs to be studied. The followings some trees were very important for further management and conservation of rare species in Bhuj; and hence, total five RET (Rare, Endangered and Threatened) tree species reported in the study area. They were Commiphora wightii, Santalum album, Dalbergia latifolia, https://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 12

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Tacomella undulata, and Pandanus odoratissimus, (Trees of Gujarat, Anon,2008). Their distribution was law compare to overall vegetation. All in the RET category, and hence, their conservation would be important. Some wild tree species were recorded few numbers (only one to two numbers) in study area, they were; Capparis grandis, Dalbergia latifolia, Butea monosperma, Soymida febrifuga, Guaiacum officinale, Delonix elata, Alangium salvifolium, Citharexylum spinosum, Artocarpus altilis, and Guazuma ulmifoila. For all these species immediately conservation should be designed with help of local communities, Forest department, Naturalist, NGOs etc. All Commiphora wightii tree were mature but, regeneration was recorded very low due to lack of fertile soil layer and high soil erosion. Illegal cutting of this species was very high in landscape and hence, this species was identified and categorised under Threatened by IUCN& ENVIS bulletin of India (2008). The diversity of Santalum album was high compare to the other small and wild species, due to plantation of this species in and around the historical and royal residential places. Acaciasps.weredominant in Bhuj landscape which are very important tree species for grazing purpose by pastoral communities in and around the Bhuj. All selected tree species are the mean GBH (cm) classes, i.e. 0-50 cm, 51-100 cm, 101-150 cm, 151-200 cm and > 200 cm. The maximum carbon sequestration in the Tamarindus indica and minimum in Delonix regia reported in 0-50 cm GBH class. In 51-100 cm GBH classes maximum carbon storage in Polyalthia longifolia and minimum carbon storage in Peltophorum pterocarpum are recorded. Maximum carbon storage in the Delonix regia and minimum in the Ficus benghalensis found in 101-150 cm class. In the class 151-200 cm reported that maximum carbon in the Tamarindus indica and minimum carbon in the Ficus benghalensis and only four tree species reported in >200 cm GBH class among selected species. Among them four species the maximum carbon sequestration in the Tamarindus indica and minimum carbon sequestration in the Ficus benghalensis. After 150 cm GBH class, the carbon sequestration was stabilized in all the selected tree species.

CONCLUSION: Out of 128 trees species reported in study area, the dicotyloedons were 114 species belonging to 78 genera and 39 families which is higher than monocotyledons contributed with 12 species belonging to 12 genera and 3 families and also 2 tree species of gymnosperms reported from study area. Among total trees species of study area in which a total of 5 tree species (3.90%) are rare, 88 Species (69.8%) are common,34 species (26.5%) are not common in study area. https://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 13

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From the carbon sequestration result, Tamarindus indica, Azadirechta indica, Polyalthia longifolia and Delonix regia were good source of carbon storage and A.indica was dominant but it’s important to increase the level trees diversity and manage level of the carbon sequestration in the city.

REFERENCES: Anon (2008), Trees of Gujarat, Gujarat Forest Department, Gandhinagar.

Barhate G. H.&Tamboli Mohasin A. Green Banking: An Overview. IBMRD's Journal of Management & Research, [S.l.], p. 49-52, sep. 2016. ISSN 2348-5922.

Chavda N.H and Mehta S. K (2018), Floristic Diversity of Bhandria Forest Area DistBhavnagar, Gujarat, India.Int J Recent Sci Res.9 (7), pp.28173-28175, 10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0907.2410.

Efloraofindia (2006 onwards). Database of Indian Plants - developed by the members of Efloraofindia Google group. Accessed at https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/ on 25 July 2016.

Joshi E.B., (2010), Ecological study of Tapkeshwari Range and Its Environs, Bhuj- Kachchh, Gujarat, Ph. D. thesis, Hemchandhracharya North Gujarat University, Patan.

Maitreya B.B, (2015), Enumeration of tree species of Bhavnagar city, Gujarat state, India. Indian journal of applied research 1.149-153.

Mr. Pradeep Khanna, IFS &Dr. H. S. Singh, IFS ,( second edition 2010), Tree Wealth of The NonForest Areas of Gujarat, Gujarat Forest Department-Gujarat State, Social Forestry Wing.

Mujaffar Shaikh & M. Solanki, C & S. Ray (2012), Salvadora alii (Salvadoraceae); a new record for India. 22.

Patel, Rohitkumar&Mahato, Arun & Kumar, V & V. Asari, R. (2013). Status of the medicinal plants in Tharawada-Gandher Reserve Forest of Kachchh, Gujarat and the ethnomedicinal practices of local community. Journal of Medicinal plants studies. 1. 10.

Patel, Rohitkumar&Dabgar, Yogesh. (2018). Distribution and Some ecological observation on Threatened plants of Western Kachchh, Gujarat.

Rawat, G.S. (Ed.). 2008. Special Habitats and Threatened Plants of India. ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife and Protected Areas, Vol. 11(1). Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India. pp. 239.

Reyes,Gisel& Brown, Sandra & Chapman, Jonathan & Lugo, Ariel. (1992), Wood Densities of Tropical Tree Species.

Shah G.L. (1978), Flora of Gujarat State, (part 1&2), University Press, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar.

Theodoer Cooke, C.E.I.,Flora Of The Presidency Of Bombay ,Reprinted Botanical Survey of India, Culcutta.

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Zanne A.E, Lopez-Gonzalez G., Coomes, D.A. Ilic, J. Jansen., S,Lewis, S.L., Miller, R.B., Swenson, N.G., Wiemann, M.C. and Chave, J.2009. Global wood density database.Dryad.identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10255/dryad 235.

Table: 1. The Taxonomical Status of Trees species diversity in study area

Class Family Rel % Genera Rel% Species Rel% Dicotyloedons 39 89% 78 85% 114 89% Monocotyledons 3 7% 12 12% 12 9% Gymnosperms 2 4% 2 2% 2 2% Total 44 100 92 100 128 100

Table: 2. Dominant family reported in Study area

Sr.No. Genera No.of Species. Rel%

1 Citrus 6 6.59 2 Acacia 6 6.59 3 Ficus 6 6.59 4 Cassia 3 3.29 5 Salvadora 3 3.29

6 Cordia 3 3.29

Table: 3. Dominant Genera reported in study area

Sr.No. Genera No.of Species. Rel%

1 Citrus 6 6.59 2 Acacia 6 6.59 3 Ficus 6 6.59 4 Cassia 3 3.29 5 Salvadora 3 3.29

6 Cordia 3 3.29

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Chart 1: The graph of Carbon sequestration between 0-50 GBH (cm) Class 1.2 1 Series1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

Tree Species

Chart 2: The graph of Carbon sequestration between 51-100 GBH (cm) Class

6 Series1 5 4 3 2

1 Ton)

0 Carbonsequestration (

Tree species Chart 3: The graph of Carbonsequestration between 101-150 GBH (cm) Class

20 Series1 15

Ton) 5

Carbonsequestration(

Tree species Chart 4: The graph of Carbon sequestration between 151-200 GBH (cm) Class

30 25 Series1 20 15 10 ) 5

(Ton Carbonsequestration

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Chart 5: The graph of Carbon sequestration between >200 GBH (cm) Class

40 Series1 35 30 25 20 15 10 ) 5

Ton Carbonsequestration(

Tree species

Legand:

Study area N

*Source: Google CNES/Airbus Digital Blobe (2019) Legend

Fig.1: The map of study area (Bhuj city)

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ANNEXURE THE CHACKLIST OF REPORTED TREES SPECIES DIVERSITY IN STUDY AREA (BHUJ CITY-KACHCHH)

Sr.No Species Name Local Name Family Category 1 Anona squamosa L. Sitafal Anonaceae C 2 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner) Ashopalav Anonaceae O Thwaites var.angustifolia

3 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner) Ashopalav Anonaceae O Thwaites var.pandula 4 Capparis grandis L. Capparaceae W 5 Tamarix dioca L. Layi, Bhuri Tamaricaceae W paras 6 Thespesia populina L. Paras pipdo Malvaceae W 7 Adansonia digitata L. Rukhdo, Bombacaceae W Gorakh 8 Bombax ceiba L. Shimlo Bombacaceae W 9 Ceiba pentendra L. Gaertn Cotton tree Bombacaceae W 10 Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. KhotoRudhrax Sterculaceae W 11 Grewia asiatica L. Phalsha Tiliaceae C 12 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Bili Rutaceae W 13 Citrus sp. Doringa(in Rutaceae C kachchhi) 14 Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. Limboo Rutaceae C 15 Citrus maxima L. Var.maxima Chakotru Rutaceae C 16 Citrus medica wight &Arn Bijoru Rutaceae C 17 Citrus reticulata Santra Rutaceae C 18 Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Mosambi Rutaceae C 19 Limonia acidissima L. Kothi Rutaceae W 20 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng Mitholimdo Rutaceae C 21 Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Kamini Rutaceae O

22 Ailanthus excels Roxb. Arduso Simaroubaceae W 23 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Ingariyu Simaroubaceae W

24 Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Gugal Burseraceae W Bhandari

25 Guaiacum officinale L. Lignum Zygophyllaceae O 26 Azadirachta indicaA.Juss. Limdo Meliaceae W 27 Melia azedarach L. Bakanlimdo Meliaceae W 28 Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss. Rohido Meliaceae W 29 Zizyphus glabrataHeyne ex Roth Nani bordi Rhamnaceae W

30 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Moti bordi Rhamnaceae W 31 Sapindus emarginatusVahl. Aritha Sapindaceae W 32 Mangifera indica L. Ambo Anacardiaceae C 33 Moringa conocanensis Nimmo Kharosargvo Moringaceae W https://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 18

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Sr.No Species Name Local Name Family Category 34 Moringa oleifera Lam Mithosargvo Moringaceae W 35 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Kesudo,KhaKh Fabaceae W ro 36 Dalbergia sissooRoxb. Shisham Fabaceae C 37 Dalbergia latifolia L. Safed shisam Fabaceae O 38 Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet Karanj Fabaceae W 39 Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. Gliricidia Fabaceae W 40 Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poirs Aghthiyu Fabaceae C

41 Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Apto Caesalpiniaceae O 42 Bauhinia purpurea L. Kanchnar Caesalpiniaceae O 43 Cassia fistula L. Garmalo Caesalpiniaceae . O 44 Cassia javanica L. Java ki rani Caesalpiniaceae W 45 Cassia siamea Lam. Kasid Caesalpiniaceae W 46 Delonix elata (L.) Gamble Sandesaro, Caesalpiniaceae safedgulmahor 47 Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook) Gulmahor Caesalpiniaceae O Raf.

48 Parkinsonia aculeataL. Rambavad Caesalpiniaceae W 49 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Tamarvarni Caesalpiniaceae O Backer ex. K. Heyne 50 Tamarindus indica L. Khatiambli Caesalpiniaceae W 51 Acacia auriculiformis Australian Mimosaceae O Benth. bavad 52 Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.) de Lisobavad Mimosaceae W wit 53 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Harmobavad Mimosaceae W Willd. 54 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del.subsp. Desi bavad Mimosaceae W astringens(Sehum&Thonn.) Roberta 55 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. subsp. Desi bavad Mimosaceae W Indica (Bth.) 56 Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. Goradiyobavad Mimosaceae W 57 Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne Izrayelibavad Mimosaceae W 58 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Kalosarsado Mimosaceae W 59 Samanea saman (Jacq) Merr. Sirish Mimosaceae W 60 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Bth. Mithi ambli, Mimosaceae W GorasAmbli

61 Prosopis Juliflora(Sw.) DC. Gandobavad Mimosaceae W 62 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Khijdo Mimosaceae W

63 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight Arjun sadad Combretaceae W &Arn. 64 Terminalia catappa L. Desi Badam Combretaceae C 65 Conocarpus lancifoliusEngl. Conocarpus Combretaceae O https://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 19

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Sr.No Species Name Local Name Family Category 66 Couroupita guianensisAubl. Shivlingi Lecythidaceae O 67 Callistemon viminalis (Soland. Ex Bottle brush Myrtaceae O Guertn).G.Don 68 Eucalyptus globulusLabill. Nilgiri Myrtaceae W 69 Psidium guajava L. Jamfad Myrtaceae C 70 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jamboo Myrtaceae C 71 Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Safed jamboo Myrtacaee C L. H. Perry 72 Punica granatum L. Dadam Punicaceae C 73 Carica papaya L. Papaya Caricaceae C 74 Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang. Akil, Ankol Alangiaceae 75 Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) Kadamb Rubiaceae W A.Rich. ex Walp. 76 Ixora pavettaAndr White ixora Rubiaceae O 77 Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Rayan Sapotaceae C Dubard. 78 Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Chikkoo Sapotaceae C 79 Mimusops elengi L. Borasali Sapotaceae O 80 Nyctanthes arbortristis L. Parijatak Oleaceae W 81 Salvadora alii Rajput &Syeda Pilu, Vero Salvadoracee W

82 Salvadora oleoidesDecne. Mithi jar ( Salvadoraceae W inkachchhi)

83 Salvadora persica L. Pilu.Piludi Salvadoraceae W 84 Alstonia schlaris(L.)R.Br Sapatparni Apocynaceae O 85 Plumeria rubra L. Champo Apocynaceae O 86 Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Merrill Pili Karen Apocynaceae O

87 Cordia dichotomaForsk.f. Gunda Boraginaceaae C 88 Cordia Gundi, Liyar Boraginaceae W gharaf(Forsk.)Ehrenb.&A.Liar 89 Cordia sebestena L. Cordia Boraginaceae O 90 Kigella pinnata (jacq.) DC. Undhafuli Bignoniaceae W 91 Millingtonia hortensis L. Desi Bootch Bignoniaceae W 92 Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Pitchkari Bignoniaceae O

93 Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. Bignoniaceae O 94 Tacoma fulva (Cav.) G.Don Pili limdi Bignoniaceae O 95 Tecoma stans (L.) H. B. & K Pili limdi Bignoniaceae O 96 Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem Ragatrohido Bignoniaceae W 97 Citharexylum spinosum L. - Verbenaceae O 98 Gmelina arboreaRoxb. Sevan Verbenaceae O 99 Tectona grandisL.f. Sag Verbenaceae C 100 Vitex negundo L. Nagod Verbenaceae O 101 Santalum album L. Chandan Santalaceae C 102 Emblica officinalisGaertn. Amla Euphorbiaceae C

103 Holoptelea integrifolia Karnji Urticaceae W https://lifesciencesleaflets.petsd.org/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 20

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Sr.No Species Name Local Name Family Category (Roxb.)Planch. 104 Artocarpus altilis(Parkinson ex. Fanas Moraceae C F.A.Zorn) Fosberg

105 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Fanas Moraceae C

106 Ficus amplissima Sm. Pipli Moraceae W 107 Ficus benghalensis L. Vad Moraceae W 108 Ficus benjamina L. Yellow Ficus Moraceae O 109 Ficus carica L. Anjir Moraceae C 110 Ficus racemosa L. Umro Moraceae W 111 Ficus religiosa L. Piplo Moraceae W 112 Morus alba L. Setur Moraceae C 113 Morus australisPoir. White Setur Moraceae C 114 Casuarina equisetifoliaL. Saru Casuarinaceae W 115 Cycas revolutaThunb. Cycas Cycadaceae O 116 Arauceria celumnaris (G.Forst.) Cristmus tree Araucariaceae O Hook. 117 Borassus flabellifer L. Tadi Arecaceae O 118 Bismarckia nobilis Hildebr. & H. White fan palm Arecaceae O Wendl. 119 Cocos nucifera L. Nariyel Arecaceae W 120 Caryota urens L. Shivjata Arecaceae O 121 Dypsis Raundra palm Arecaceae O lutescens(H.Wendl.)Beentje&J.Dr ansf. 122 Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. Chinensis palm Arecaceae O ex Mart 123 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Kharek Arecaceae W 124 Ravenala madagascarensis Travellar palm Arecaceae O Sonnert. 125 Roystonea regia (H.B. & K.) Bottle palm Arecaceae O O.F.Cook. 126 Washingtoni arobusta H.Wendl. Washingtan Arecaceae O palm 127 Pandanus odorattissimus L. Kevdo Pandanaceae O 128 Bambusa stricata Lodd.&Lindl. Bamboo Poaceae O Abbrevations: C: Cultivated, W: Wild, O: Oranamental( Only for status of Kachchh district.)

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