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UN Human Rights Approach to Field Work

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UN Human Rights approach to field work sued by international human rights mechanisms in Background relation to Member States, including the Universal Pe- riodic Review (UPR). The ultimate aim of these efforts is to strengthen the national human rights infrastruc- The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights ture through the establishment of coordination mech- (OHCHR) implements its work at national and regional anisms that are led by the executive with the active levels, which includes the provision of advisory participation of State institutions, national human rights services and technical cooperation, in accordance institutions (NHRIs) and civil society organizations for with the High Commissioner’s mandate under General integrated reporting and follow-up. Ensuring that this Assembly resolution 48/141. work is systematically and increasingly carried out in line with national development plans enhances the At the country level, OHCHR works with its national abilities of Member States to address gaps in imple- counterparts to strengthen protection systems and mentation and revise legislation and practices to be implement effective measures to break down obsta- in conformity with human rights norms, while also con- cles to the realization of human rights. To do so, the tributing to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda Office acts to establish or reinforce the capacity of for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable De- accountability and justice mechanisms at the national velopment Goals. level to undertake monitoring and investigation and secure redress for victims of human rights violations. In 2017, OHCHR responded to deteriorating human OHCHR prioritizes follow-up to recommendations is- rights situations and early signs of emerging crises OHCHR staff members on the road to a monitoring mission in Antioquia province, Colombia. © OHCHR/Colombia UN HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT 2017 165 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH TO FIELD WORK through the rapid deployment of monitoring missions the UPR. They also focus on cross-cutting regional hu- or additional surge capacity for UN operations in the man rights issues, in close cooperation with regional context of humanitarian emergencies. As of the end of and subregional intergovernmental organizations and the year, OHCHR was operating in 59 field presences civil society. Regional offices further support and co- and providing support to other members of the UN operate with OHCHR country offices by providing as- system through rapid deployments of human rights of- sistance on institutional and thematic issues. OHCHR ficers in response to emerging situations. also maintains regional centres with specific mandates that are established through General Assembly reso- lutions. Regional offices and centres are funded by the UN regular budget and voluntary contributions. Types of field presences OHCHR maintains 12 regional presences, which are composed of 10 regional offices in East Africa (Ad- dis Ababa), Southern Africa (Pretoria), West Africa OHCHR operates through two main types of field (Dakar), South-East Asia (Bangkok), the Pacific (Suva), presences: stand-alone offices and collaborative the Middle East and North Africa (Beirut), Central Asia arrangements. The first category is composed of (Bishkek), Europe (Brussels), Central America (Panama country and regional offices, which are under the City) and South America (Santiago de Chile), a sub- direct supervision of OHCHR. The second category regional centre for human rights and democracy for consists of field presences with double reporting lines, Central Africa (Yaoundé) and a Training and Documen- namely, human rights components of peace or political tation Centre for South-West Asia and the Arab Region missions, which report to the Head of the mission and (Doha). the High Commissioner and human rights advisers (HRAs), who report to resident coordinators and the High Commissioner. Human rights components of United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions Country and stand-alone offices During 2017, 13 UN peace missions maintained a OHCHR country and stand-alone offices are estab- human rights component and incorporated human lished on the basis of a standard agreement between rights protection and promotion into their mandated OHCHR and a host government. A mandate typically work in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, the includes human rights monitoring, protection, techni- Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea-Bissau, cal cooperation activities and public reporting and is Haiti, Iraq, Kosovo2, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Somalia, tailored to a specific country situation. These offices South Sudan and Sudan (Darfur). The peace mission are primarily funded through voluntary contributions. in Côte d’Ivoire was closed in mid-2017, and the peace mission in Haiti closed as another opened, in OHCHR has 14 country or stand-alone offices which October, with a new mandate. The Heads of human consist of 13 country offices in Bolivia, Burundi, rights components of peace missions report to the Cambodia, Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Special Representative of the Secretary-General Mauritania, Mexico, the State of Palestine1, Tunisia, and the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Uganda and Yemen, as well as one field-based They represent OHCHR in connection with both the structure in Seoul covering the Democratic People’s peace and security and human rights aspects of their Republic of Korea. OHCHR also operates the Human missions. In addition to monitoring and reporting on Rights Mission in Ukraine. the human rights situation on the ground, the human rights components conduct a wide range of activities including technical assistance, capacity building, Regional offices and centres investigation into serious human rights violations and also support follow-up action to the recommendations Regional offices have an important role to play in sup- issued by the international human rights mechanisms porting governments in their engagement with the in- in relation to the host country. ternational human rights mechanisms, specifically the human rights treaty bodies, the special procedures and 1 Reference to the State of Palestine should be understood in 2 Reference to Kosovo should be understood in full compliance compliance with United Nations General Assembly resolution with United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 and without 67/19. prejudice to the status of Kosovo. 166 UN HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT 2017 UN HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH TO FIELD WORK In 2017, OHCHR proactively engaged with Security OHCHR continued to integrate human rights into the Council members to integrate human rights into the peace day-to-day operations of DPKO and DFS, including and security agenda and with the General Assembly’s through direct involvement in the Integrated Fifth Committee to ensure the adequate allocation of Operational Team’s discussions on mission concepts resources for human rights work in peace operations. and the development of strategic priorities. The Office OHCHR focused on the implementation of the Secretary- provided technical guidance on the implementation General’s decision to consolidate specialized protection of the HRDDP to peacekeeping missions and special functions under the human rights components of peace political missions in CAR, DRC, Haiti, Mali and Somalia, missions, including through the practical implementation to the African Union and the United Nations Police of the guidance note on consolidation in the peace Division in the context of their support to national and political missions in the Central African Republic, police. OHCHR helped to facilitate the downsizing Mali and Somalia and by supporting the enhanced and placement of human rights staff in the missions in impact and coherence of protection approaches in Côte d’Ivoire and Haiti and supported DPKO in starting missions. Under the Protection of Civilians mandate, up the human rights component in the new UN Mission OHCHR ensured that information gathered by human for Justice Support in Haiti, including by providing rights components was used to inform early warning advice on required staffing numbers and structures assessments, analyses of common threats and joint and screening candidates for deployment. Moreover, protection responses to identified hot spots, particularly OHCHR supported peacekeeping and special political for vulnerable populations. Based on OHCHR casualty missions in the selection and deployment of Heads of recording and monitoring methodologies, human rights human rights components in DRC, Haiti, Iraq and Sudan components in Afghanistan, Iraq and Somalia issued (Darfur) and screened over 140 UN Volunteer profiles reports on the Protection of Civilians. for human rights deployment to peace operations. OHCHR actively engaged with the United Nations Human rights advisers in United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and Country Teams the Department of Political Affairs (DPA) to develop and shape policy documents on key areas, such as Human rights advisers are deployed at the request of the protection of civilians and related accountability, resident coordinators on behalf of the United Nations the approaches of missions to conflict-related sexual Country Teams (UNCTs). Advisers support and assist violence and the detention by UN personnel. OHCHR the resident coordinators, Heads of UN agencies and also supported peace operations in implementing the members of UNCTs to integrate human rights into their Human Rights Due
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