THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RAGES
Volume Two AUGUST, 1911 Number Four
John Henry Adams
ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION for the ADVANCEMENT of COLORED PEOPLE
y OBJECT.—The National ^.ssijciation , COMMITTEE.—Our work is car for the Advancement of Colored People ried on under the auspices of the follow is an organization composed of ihen and ing General Committee, in addition to the women of all races and classes who be officers named: lieve that the present widespread increase Miss Gertrude Barnum, New York. of prejudice against colored races and Miss Frances Blascoer, New York. •Rev. W. H. Brooks, New York. particularly the denial of rights -»ahd Prof. John Dewey, New York. *Dr. John Lovejoy Elliott, New York. opportunities to ten million Americans of "Mr. Thos. Ewlng, Jr., New York. "Rev. John Haynes Holmes, New York. Negro descent is not only unjust and a Mr. Hamilton Holt, New York. Miss Maud 11, Ingersoll, New York. menace to our free institutions, but also *Mrs. Florence Kelley, New York. *Mr. Paul Kennaday, New York. is a direct hindrance to World Peace *Mrs. F. R. Keyser, New York. Dr. Chas. Lenz, New York. and the realization of Human Brother Mr. Jacob W. Mack, New York. "Mrs. M. D. Maclean. New York. hood. *Mr. John E. Milholland. New York. Rev. Horace G. Miller, New York. Mrs. Max Morgenthau, Jr., New York. METHODS.—The encouragement of Mr. James F. Morton. Jr., New York. Mr. Henry Moslcowltz, New York. education and efforts for social uplift; the Miss Leonora O'Reilly, New York. "Rev. A. Clayton Powell, New York. dissemination of literature; the holding of *Mr. Charles Edward Russell, New York. mass meetings; the maintenance of a lec Mr. Jacob H. Sehiff, New York. Prof. E. R. A. Seligman, New York. ture bureau; the encouragement of vigi •Dr. Joseph Silverman, New York. Mrs. Anna Garlin Spencer, New York. lance committees; the investigation of com •Prof. J. E. Spin gam, New York. Mrs. Henry Villard. New York. plaints; the maintenance of a Bureau of "Miss Lillian D. Wild, New York *Mr. Wm. English Walling, New York. Information; the publication of THE "Bishop Alexander Walters, New York. Dr. Stephen S. Wise. New York. CRISIS; the collection of facts and publi Miss M. R. Lyons, Brooklyn, N. Y. "Dr. O. M. Waller, Brooklyn, N. Y. cation of the truth. Mr. D. Macon Webster. Brooklyn, N Y. Mr. Geo. E. Wlbecan, Jr., Brooklyn. N Y Mrs. W. H. Talbert, Buffalo, N. Y. ORGANIZATION.—All interested Hon. Thos. M. Osborne, Auburn. N. Y. "Mr. W. L. Bulkley, Ridgefleld Park, N. J. persons are urged to join our organization Mr. George W. Crawford, New Haven, Conn. Miss Maria Baldwin. Boston, Mass. —associate membership costs $ 1, and Mr. Francis J. Garrison, Boston, Mass Mr. Archibald H. Grimke, Boston. Mass. contributing and sustaining members pay Miss Adelene Moffat, Boston. Mass. "Mr. Albert E. Plllsbury, Boston, Mass. from $2 to $25 a year. Mr. Wm. Munroe Trotter, Boston, Mass. Dr. Horace Bumstead, Brookline, Mass. Miss Elizabeth C. Carter. New Bedford, Mass. FUNDS.—We need $10,000 a year Rev. Harvey Johnston, Baltimore, Md, Rev. Garnett R. Walter, Baltimore, Md. for running expenses of this work and par Prest. Chas. T. Thwlng, Cleveland, O. Mr. Chas. W. Chesnutt, Cleveland, O. ticularly urge the necessity of gifts to help Hon. Harry C. Smith, Cleveland. 0. Prest. H. C. Kins, Oberlln. O. on our objects. Prest. W. S. Scarborough, Wilberforce, O. "Miss Jane Addams. Chicago, 111. •Mrs. Ida B. Wells Burnett, Chicago. 111. OFFICERS.—The officers of the "Dr. C. E. Bentley, Chicago, HI. Miss Sophronlslia Rreckenridge, Chicago, 111. organization are: Mr. Clarence Darrow, Chicago, 111. Mr. Julius Rosenwald, Chicago, 111, Mrs. Cella Parker Woolley. Chicago, 111 National President — Mr. Moorfield Mr. F. L. McGhee, St. Paul. Minn. Miss Frances Bartholomew, Philadelphia Pa Storey, Boston, Mass. •Dr. N. F. Mossell, Philadelphia, Pa. "Dr. Wm. A. Sinclair, Philadelphia. Pa. Miss Susan Wharton, Philadelphia. Pa Chairman of the Executive Committee— Mr. R. It. Wright. Jr., Philadelphia. Pa. Mr. W. Justin Carter, Harrisburg, Pa. Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, New Rev. narvcy Johnson. D.D., Baltimore Md Hon. Wm. S. Bennet, Washington, D C. York. Mrs. Carrie W. Clifford. Washington, D. C. Mr. L. M. Hershaw, Washington, D. C. Prof. Kelly Miller. Washington. D, C. Treasurer—Mr. Walter E. Sachs, New Prof. L. B. Moore, Washington, D. C. Justice W. P. Stafford, Washington. D. C. "Mrs. Alary Church Terrell. Washington. D. C. York. •Rev. J. Milton Waldron, Washington. D. C. Prest. John Hope, Atlanta, Ga. Director of Publicity and Research—Dr. Mr. Leslie P. Hill. Manassas, Va. Mr. William Pickens. Talladega. Ala, W. E. B. DuBois, New York. •Executive Committee.
Secretary—Miss Mary W. Ovington, OFFICES: New York, Suite 311, 20 Vesey Street, New "York. THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
Published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, at 20 Vesey Street, New York City.
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, Editor ( OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD M. D. MACLEAN. Managing Editor Contributing J CHTRLE^ESWARD RUSSELL FRANK. M. TURNER. Circulation Manager Editors ) w S. BRA1THWAITE ALBON L. HOLSEY. Advertising Manager ( KELLY MILLER
CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1911
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 139
MEN OF THE MONTH: Mr. J. E. Spingarn 146 Mr. Gilchrist Stewart 147 Mr. Robert N. Wood 147
OPINION: The Bristow Amendment 148 A Brave Young Man 148 A Southerner Speaks 150 The Open Door 150 Music 151
THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE: The New York Branch 152 The Oklahoma Lynching 153 Dr. DuBois in Europe 154 Incorporation 155
THE WORLD IN COUNCIL: Picture by John Henry Adams 156
EDITORIAL 157
A SOUTHERN WOMAN'S VIEWS 160
THE HEART'S DESIRE: Poem by R. W. Justice 162
THE CONGO EXPRESS. By Virginia Wright 163
SOME LETTERS 166
WHAT TO READ \ .. 168
EXCAVATIONS IN ETHIOPIA 169
Agents, wanted who can furnish references. Entered as second-class matter In the post office at New York City 136 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
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For further information address President EDWARD T. WARE ATLANTA, OA. Howard University FORWARD WILBUR P. THIRKIELD, President Washington, D. 0. MARCH YOUR SON OFF TO The College of Arts and Sciences—Kelly Miller, A.M., Dean. The Teachers' College—Lewis B. Moore, A.M., orce University Ph.D., Dean. The Academy—George J. Cummings, A.M., Dean. The Commercial College—George W. Cook, A.M., The only school in the country for Dean. Negro Youth which has a Military De School of Manual Arts and Applied Sciences— partment equipped by the National PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS (rovernment, and commanded by a detailed The School of Theology—Isaac Clark, D.D., Dean. United States Army Officer. The School of Medicine: Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutical Colleges—Edward O. Bal- DEPARTMENTS loch, M.D., Dean. The School of Law—Benjamin ' F. Leighton, MILITARY SCIENTIFIC LL.D., Dean. NORMAL TECHNICAL For catalogue and special information address COMMEBCIAL THEOLOGICAL Dean nf Department. CLASSICAL MUSICAL P BE PA EAT O BY Banking taught by the actual operations in the Students' Savings Bank. Twelve Uirginia Union University Industries,. 180 acres of beautiful campus, Ten Buildings. Healthful surroundings, RICHMOND, VA. exceptional community. Maintained in part by the State of Ohio which supplies A College Department, of high standards and facilities for the thorough training of modern curriculum. teachers. A Theological Department, with all subjects Fall term begins September 19th, 1911. generally required in the best theological Write for Catalog. seminaries. An Academy, with manual training, giving W. S. SCARBOROUGH. President a preparation for life or for college. WM. A. JOINEB, Superintendent, C. N. The positive moral and religious aim of the school, its high standards of entrance and of I. Department. class work, its fine new buildings and well- Address all (-oiniiiiinii'itl icmK to equipped laboratories and library, prepare a BOX 36, WILBEBFOECE, OHIO. faithful student, for a life of wide usefulness. GEORGE RICE HOVEY President Mention T: :E CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 137 SHAW UNIVERSITY BOOKS This institution of learning established in 1865, has industrial departments tor both young men and young women, as well as college, normal and Atlanta University preparatory departments. There are also Schools of Law, Medicine, Pharmacy and Theology. The facilities have recently been increased. Studies of the Other improvements are being planned that will be completed within the next two years. Applications should be made several months or a year in advance, for it has become Impossible Negro Problems during the last few years to receive all who apply. The present enrollment is over 500. 13 Monographs. Sold Separately. The academic year begins on the Thursday nearest the first day of October and continues for Address: thirty-two consecutive weeks. The charges are moderate. Catalogues furnished upon application. Address THE PRESIDENT A. G. DILL Shaw University, Raleigh, N. C Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga.
JOINTNO THE NAVY; OR, LINCOLN INSTITUTE ABROAD WITH UNCLE SAM JEFFERSON CITY, MISSOURI By JOHN H. PATNTER, A.M. First Race Contribution to Navy Founded by tho Soldiers of the 02d and 66th Regiments of the u. S. Colored Infantry. Literature Ordered by tho Government for Libraries of Supported by tho State of Missouri. Haa War Vessels Normal, Collegiate, Agricultural, Mechanical and "It is a perfect picture of life on board Industrial Courses. Buildings and equipment ship when I first went to sea. The story is unsurpassed. Thirty teachers representing the told so simply and in such good style, and best schools of the country. Students from all holds its interest so, that I read it through at one sitting."—Richardson Clover, Rear sections of the country. For catalogue and fur Admiral, U. S. N., Retired. ther information address Cloth Bound. 300 Pages. Folly Illustrated. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ALLEN, SECOND EDITION Sent Postage Paid on Receipt of On* Dollar President. Address care of SUDWABTH PRINTING OO. KnoxvUle College WASHINGTON, D. O. Beautiful Situation, Healthful Location Tie Best Moral and Spiritual Environment PUBLICATIONS OF THE N. A. A, C. P. A Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere The N. A. A. C. P. has for sal) the loflowins punphieu: Noted for Honest and Thorough Work 1. Disfranchisement: A powerful argument by Offers full courses in the following de the Rev. John Haynes Holmes, partments: College, Normal, High School, 2. Education in the South: Facts about the Grammar School and Industrial. discrimination against the Negro. By the Rev. Good water, steam heat, electric lights, Horace Bumstead, former president of Atlanta University. good drainage. Expenses very reasonable. Opportunity for Self-help. 3. The Real Race Problem: A scientific com parison of the black and the white man by Ameri Fall Term Opens Sept. 27, 1911. ca's foremost anthropologist, Prof. Boas, of For information address Columbia University. President R. W. McGranahan 4. Social Control. By Jane Addams, of Hull House. , MNOXVHXE, TENN. 5. The Negro as a Soldier. By Brigadier- Ceneral Burt, U. S. A. PAINE COLLEGE Five Cents Each, Three Dollars a Thousand AUGUSTA, OA. Normal, Preparatory, College and Theological Departments Oirls receive superior training in Domestic Science. Instruction in Vocal and Instrumental The Curse of Race Prejudice Music. High Location, Large Campus, Thorough Instruction. Session of 1911-12 begins Sep JAMES F. MORTON, JK., A.M., Author and Publuhtr tember 26th. For full information write Forceful, rational, comprehensive. An arsenal H. 8. DUNBAR. Reg. of facts and unanswerable arguments. Invaluable TRADE JOURNAL for propaganda. Read the chapter on "The Bug bear of Social Equality," which Is a veritable eye- -SMALL'S NEGRO TRADE JOURNAL opener. Thousands already sold. Agents wanted ^A paper devoted to the commercial, financial everywhere. and business world. We list you and send you our paper once each PRICE 25 CENTS month—all for $1.00 a year. Send us your business card. Address the Author at 244 West 143d Street, T. FREDERICK SMALL CO. 2'226 Fifth Avenne New York City New York. N. Y.
Mention 'fin: CKISIS. 138 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
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Mention THE CRISIS. Along the Color Line
POLITICAL. <] The Rev. J. Milton Waldron has ad dressed a letter to President Taft, thank President Taft has ordered the imme ing him for his stand against race preju diate release of W. S. Harlan, C. C. Hil dice in the army, as shown in his recent ton and S. E. Huggins, officials of the letter about the Jewish soldier. Mr. Jackson Lumber Company, of Lockhart, Waldron then reminds the President that Ala., who are now serving sentences in there is a race prejudice in the army Atlanta penitentiary for peonage. The and the navy against the colored man, President extended executive clemency and the President is asked to use his to the men at the request of Senator utmost effort to eradicate it. Fletcher, of Florida, who has been active in their behalf for some time. <] The colored voters of Jacksonville, Two other men, Gallagher and Grace, Fla., made an energetic campaign to elect convicted at the same time and for the two Republican candidates for the city same offense, are not included in the council. They published a'circular say clemency extended to the other three. ing that several colored men had been It is understood, however, that Senator shot by street-car conductors and that Fletcher has asked President Taft also nothing had been done about it. The to release them. attempt to elect the Republicans was not successful. The Jacksonville Times- The cases of the five men attracted Union in an editorial says it does not wide attention. Harlan is a successful believe colored people want to see their lumberman of some wealth. President own race holding office, although it ad Taft first commuted his original sentence mits that there are "some other circum to six months and a fine of $5,000. Har stances" which contributed to the victory lan later applied for pardon, and the of the regular Democratic ticket. Some President refused it. Hilton was sen changes have been made in the boun tenced to six months and fined $1,000, daries of the wards which contain a and Huggins received a like sentence large Negro population so that more and fine. Grace, however, was sentenced whites.vote for their councilmen. More to thirteen months and fined $1,000, and over, many of the colored men could not Gallagher was sentenced to fifteen mark their ballot correctly in the time months and fined $1,000. The general allowed. This latter fact, it may be men charge against the men was that they tioned, is not remarkable, for the Florida had imported foreign laborers from New ballot is extraordinarily long, and only, a York to a lumber camp in Alabama, and man thoroughlv familiar with the politi forcibly detained them there. cal situation is able to mark it in the The action of the President in pardon brief time allowed. Few of the officers ing the wealthy lumbermen reminds us are voted for directly and a very large of a story of a little girl of eight who number of ballots, even when cast by lived in an aristocratic section of New well-informed voters, may be invalidated. York City. She was present when it was announced that a wealthy friend of
Brothers' College notified Brother Jus pounds and is 5 feet &y2 inches in height. tin, the president, that they refused to In his freshman year at Harvard he won accept diplomas or participate in the the hammer event in the freshman meet commencement exercises, June 23, if a against Yale with a throw of 117 feet. diploma was given to Albert Wilkinson, His athletic ability is not confined to the a colored boy. Brother Justin announced hammer, for he won places at Harvard that Wilkinson would receive his diploma both in the sprints and the hurdles. ALONG THE COLOR LINE 145
Last fall in the handicap games he beside him. Stanton died a few weeks took first place in the 220-yard low hur ago and was duly buried in the Welles dles. This past winter he won second plot in Hartford, whereupon a reporter place in an indoor broad jump competi in search of a sensation sent out tion with a leap of 20 feet 7 inches. Mr. dispatches to the effect that the "ex Cable is a good violinist as well as an clusive" owners of cemetery lots objected athlete. He is partially working his way to the interment to such an extent that through college. they would remove the bones of their own relatives from the pernicious' con q Dr. Burt C. Wilder, of Cornell, the tact. This silly story, of course untrue, great authority in this country on the was quite widely circulated and believed. brain, has just received a handsome lov Only the New York World, among the ing cup with the inscription: "To Pro papers that printed it, was honest enough fessor Burt G. Wilder, from a group of to investigate and contradict its own colored citizens of Ithaca, N. Y., in ap dispatch. preciation of his services to the race and his unfailing courtesy and friendliness to At last 250 colored children of Mem the colored people of Ithaca." phis have seen the Zoo. For four hours Dr. Wilder said his first definite asso they were permitted to look upon the ciation with the Negro was as a student wonders of that white sanctum, the park, at Harvard under Prof. Jeffries Wyman. in which colored folk may not walk, During the Civil War his observations of though they have always the simple the physical and moral courage of the pleasure of paying taxes for it. ' There colored troops had convinced him that were "special deputized executors of the they could be not only efficient soldiers law" to see that their conduct was but worthy citizens, and the publication seemly. As nothing desperate occurred, of these records will be his first duty the children may go again some day. after retirement from university work. J. E. SPINGARN. versy with President Butler over a ques Joel Elias Spingarn, president of the tion of academic freedom and was "re New York branch of the National Asso lieved from academic service" without ciation for the Advancement of Colored explanation in March last. People, stands in the front rank of the Dr. Spingarn was the Republican nomi younger group of American scholars. nee for member of Congress from the He is widely known in this country and eighteenth New York district in 1908; in Europe as an authority on literature, this is a hopelessly Democratic constit- J. E. SPINGARN. GILCHRIST STEWART, especially of the sixteenth and seven uency, but Professor Spingarn received teenth centuries. eight thousand more votes than any pre He was born in New York in 1875, and ceding Republican candidate. Besides was graduated from Columbia in 1895. numerous contributions to periodicals, After four years of post-graduate study chiefly articles of a scholarly nature and at Harvard and Columbia he received the some verse, he has written the following degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the books : latter in 1899, and was immediately made "History of Literary Criticism in the assistant in literature, under Professor Renaissance," 1899; second edition. 1908; George E. Woodberry. He was promoted translated into Italian, 1905. to tutor in comparative literature the "American Scholarship: An Address following year; and when Professor Before the Congress of Comparative Woodberry resigned from Columbia in History at Paris," 1900. 1904, Dr. Spingarn succeeded him as "Critical Essays of the Seventeenth adjunct professor of comparative litera Century," in three volumes, published by ture; he was promoted to a full profes the Oxford University Press, England, sorship in 1908, and was elected chair 1908-9. man of the division of modern languages "The New Criticism: A Lecture De and literatures in 1910. Phi Beta Kappa livered at Columbia University," 1911. poet, 1901; represented the university at the New York University Poe Centenary, "The New Hesperides and Other 1909. He recently engaged in a contro Poems," 1911. "Seventeenth Century Criticism." a MEN OF THE MONTH 147 a large part of the credit for the work of the vigilance committee so far. An account of some of the cases taken up by the branch is given under Association notes. ROBERT N. WOOD. We give this month the photograph of Mr. Robert N. Wood, the leader of the New York State Democracy, in con nection with the success of the colored people in obtaining the long desired Negro regiment. During the last elec tion Mr. Wood's organization did signal service to the Democratic party in send ing out literature and in getting the colored men to vote the ticket. Over 250,000 circulars were distributed and there is no doubt but that the colored vote materially helped to elect Governor Dix. Among the demands made at the time was one for a colored regiment. The Democratic party was virtually pledged to give such an organization. When the election was won the colored Democrats asked for the regiment and made it clear that colored officers only would be ac cepted. The bill was introduced in the Albany Assembly and was lost, at first, largely owing to the fact that officers in the National Guard rank according to ROBERT N. WOOD length of service, and it is therefore in evitable that at some future day a colored colonel will take official prece chapter in the new "Cambridge History dence of a white colonel and the colored of English Literature," published by the man's wife of the white man's wife. On Cambridge University Press, England. the defeat of the bill Mr. Wood con Professor Spingarn has always been ferred with the leaders of the Demo deeply interested in the colored race as a cratic party in the State, who urged the race and in its struggle for justice and Legislature that the measure be reconsid equal opportunity as an ideal. Last year ered and the promise of the party to the he founded a little club for the colored Negro be kept. The bill was reintro men living near his country home at duced and passed, although the governor Amenia, Dutchess County, N. Y., the has not yet signed it. "Heart of Hope Club," with its own ritual of initiation, clubhouse, etc. For sixteen years the colored citizens of the State have been trying to get a regiment of their own. When, at the outbreak of the Spanish-American war, a GILCHRIST STEWART. committee of colored men called on Gov Mr. Gilchrist Stewart, a young business ernor Black and asked that a colored man and the chairman of the vigilance regiment be formed they were told thai committee of the New York branch of the Negro was not called on to show his the National Association for the Ad patriotism. Governor Hughes, when a vancement of Colored People, was born similar request was made, referred it to in New York and received his first edu a committee which said nothing about it cation in the city's public schools. Later and later sent it to the Adjutant-General he went to Tuskegee Institute and to who disapproved it because of "social Claflin University. He began the fight complications." for the Brownsville soldiers under the Mr. Wood is a good fighter and a born auspices of the Constitution League and leader, as one must be to hold his posi went to the spot to investigate. tion. He was born in Washington and Mr. Stewart was for some time a mem was educated in the New York City ber of the Republican County Committee public schools. To this education he and other political organizations. He adds information acquired by extensive has been identified with a good many reading, especially "along the color line." movements for the betterment of the He is a very ardent advocate of the rights condition of the colored people on the of the colored man and is one of the west side. In the matter of the New most active members of the National York branch the president hands to him Association. OPINION THE BRISTOW AMENDMENT. responsible will feel the lash of popular discredit when the time comes." The Bristow Amendment to the bill In fact, it is difficult to find a paper providing for the popular election of which approves the Bristow Amendment. United States senators has not been very They are either silent or vigorously de favorably received by the press. In our clare that the whole thing was an at last issue we described the way in which tempt to defeat a measure that would this amendment had passed the Senate have benefited the whole population of by a majority of one vote. Most papers the country. think that the introduction of the amend ment was insincere—that the senators The Southern papers naturally object who voted for it had no feeling what strongly to the amendment. The Mont ever on the question of Negro disfran gomery Advertiser, wbich favors the di chisement, but thought it a good oppor rect election of senators, saysr "The tunity to drag in the Negro question, proposed reform is prohibitively dear, if frighten off the Southern votes and de we have to buy it with our complaisant feat the so-called progressive measure. acceptance of the atrocious Force Bill, which a small band of devoted and cour The New York World, for instance, ageous senators defeated in the last gen calls the Bristow Amendment unneces eration when it appeared certain of sary and mischievous, and claims that enactment." it was put in for no purpose except to There is practically no voice raised in arouse sectional animosity and repeal the praise of the amendment giving Congress movement for the election of senators control over the popular election of by a direct vote. It thinks "the fact that senators. Lorimer, du Pont, Gallinger, Gamble, Guggenheim, Root, Smoot, Penrose and Stephenson voted for it explained its real meaning far more clearly than the text A BRAVE YOUNG MAN. itself." The Dallas Morning News is the most The New York Press, a "progressive" influential paper in its section of Texas. Republican paper, also thinks that noth It publishes in full the oration on the ing shows the insincerity of the Bristow Negro problem by a white lad, Alex. Amendment to the Borah joint resolu Spence, eighteen years old. The young tion more than the character of most of orator took part in a contest at the high its supporters. "Under cover of protect school, and we believe was awarded the ing the freedom of suffrage in the Black first prize. That the boy deserves a Belt, the promoters of this insincere and prize for the clearness and logic of his unenforcible project intend to deny the address, regardless of subject, is evident. people of. all the States the right to elect We are informed that the editor of the their senators." Morning News has received a number of protests about the publication of Mr. The New York Globe thinks the Spence's address, and it is as gratifying amendment was "fathered of the desire to find a Texan newspaper printing such to mix things up." sentiments as to find a Southern white The Brooklyn Eagle is of the opinion boy entertaining them and expressing that the effect of the Constitutional them in public, necessarily with the ap amendment in its amended form would proval of his parents. After outlining be the nullification of the restrictions the history of slavery and summarizing now imposed by the Southern Mates the progress of the colored man, young upon Negro suffrage, but to this the Mr. Spen?e describes the attitude of that New York Tribune replies: "There is no portion of the Southern people which ground of power in the Senate amend urges that the Negro be "discouraged ment which is not as old as the Constitu and kept down": tion." "The advocates of the forceful repres The New Haven Courier-Journal says sion theory, as it is called, usually urge the issue of direct election of senators about the following principles: has been clouded by the injection of the "1. The 'nigger' must remain a 'serv Bristow Amendment. It declares that ant to the whites.' "the people of this country have a right "2. He must not be educated, for 'edu to decide what is best for them in the cation ruins niggers.' organization of their political household, "3. He must have no political rights. and if in this regard the Senate has "4. There must be no justice between played fast and loose with them, those 'nigger' and white—if a 'nigger' kills a OPINION 149 white, he must be lynched, if a white fields, work the cotton mills and do the kills a 'nigger' he must go free. other work of the South, which is not "5. The last and most important, the being done to-day on account of insuffi 'nigger must be kept down' and 'must cient labor. know his place.' "But Dixon asserts that this will take "Needless to say, all our modern meth the bread from the white laborer's ods of thought rebel at the idea that one mouth. Not at all. The increase in race is doomed to be a 'hewer of wood earning power of the Negro will raise and drawer of water' for another. The his standard of living, enlarge his de logic that Negroes can't be educated has mand for commodities, hence making a been shown to be a mistake by the fact larger supply necessary, and giving addi that the race has taken education. The tional employment to the white labor. argument that 'education ruins Negroes' For instance, here is a Negro who can for work is proven false by the fact that neither read nor write, who lives in a the race as a whole has done better work one-room shanty, eats bacon and corn- since the war than it ever did in slavery. bread, lies around and sleeps when not "The remainder of these principles has working the least possible amount. Sup for its foundation a mixture of fear and pose we send his son to school. Soon jealousy—jealousy of the Negro's past that son will demand books and papers, progress—and fear that in the future he then knives and forks, then better food, will become an industrial rival of the and finally a new house and some lux white man. In the words of Thomas uries, and at the same time will have Dixon, 'nobody believes that the white learned some useful trade. Can it be will allow the Negro to master his in doubted that that Negro is of more bene dustrial system, take the bread from his fit to his community than was his father, mouth, crowd him to the wall, and place yet whom has he crowded to the wall, a mortgage on his house, what will he do and whose bread has he taken away? when put to the test? He will do exactly "Now let us notice the theories in re what his white brother of the North does gard to the civil and political phases. when the Negro threatens his bread— Is it wise to have different standards of kill him.' justice for the two races? I answer no. "Without stopping to consider that if Justice for every man, and every man the white man, with his thousand years for justice, was the cornerstone on which head start, can't keep ahead of the this government was builded, and on Negro, he deserves to have his fields which it rests to-day. If we discrimi taken from him, let us consider the truth nate between men of different races it of these assertions. I said that this is only a question of time until we dis theory had for its foundation a mixture criminate between men of the same race. of jealousy and fear, but it has ignorance I know of an instance where a Negro in for its groundwork. It believes that the Dallas county was given twenty-five days prosperity of the one race must be at the on the county road for stealing a rooster expense of the other. This belief was worth about five cents; I know of an at the bottom of the old mercantile other, where, through the 'peonage sys theory, which imagined that one party tem,' a Negro worked a year on a farm to a trade is necessarily cheated, but for carrying a pistol, while how often do Adam Smith, in his Wealth of Nations, we read of officers murdering Negroes showed that instead of one being cheated because they thought they were about that both were benefited by the ex to do something; the officers are rarely change. So it is with the two races, the tried, yet what would be the result if the prosperity of one is the gain of the other, victims were white and the officers the adversity of one is the loss of the black? other. "Next, is it advisable to exclude the "In order to compare the two theories Negroes from the ballot? Laying aside let us notice the theory of uplift, which the fact that history teaches 'where is advocated by the leading thinkers of there are no political rights, civil rights both races. They believe that the Negro also disappear,' and granting that the is a fellow man, that we the whites owe universal suffrage given by the Fifteenth him something for past injustices done Amendment was a mistake, and granting him, and that the economic future of the that the majority of the Negroes are in South depends upon making him an in capable of voting wisely at present, yet I telligent laborer. They realize that such maintain that the taking of the vote from a treatment of the Negroes is highly ex them would be both unwise and unjust; pedient for the whites, since the Negro unwise, because a large number of the is either to be one-third of the produc Negroes have acquired education and ing power of the South or one-third of property, and to exclude them would its retarding, non-productive. If the necessarily make them discontented and Negro is prosperous, the white can trade rebellious; unjust because 'taxation with with him and each will be benefited; if out representation' is still not right, and he is kept in poverty, the white has just governments do still 'derive their just one-third less to do business with. With powers from the consent of the gov proper training the Negro can till the erned.' Such devices as the 'grandfather 150 THE CRISIS clause' are strongly to be condemned, tion of a new system, whereby the tricks not only because they deprive a large of that party could be met and overcome. number of our citizens of their well- The conditions demanded this. established rights, but because they are "In the last Presidential election, out educating our white people in the way of the 300,000 white men in the State of of deceit and fraud, in the way of Alabama over 21 years of age, but 125,000 legal illegality. They teach us to obey were qualified voters. Of the 200,000 the letter and break the spirit of the law, colored men of voting age less than and in a country where laws are as little 3,000 of them were at the polls to vote. respected as they are in this country, It is not enough. The last Governor of this is a most insidious danger. Alabama wis elected on a ballot show ing about 75,000 votes, whereas there are. "Now we approach the last phase, the combining whites and blacks, 500,000 Negro's position in our society. It is male citizens in the State of voting age. here that the Dixons and Vardamans The last Presidential election showed raise their most strenuous cry, resur twelve Southern States voting for the recting that old ghost of 'social equal Democracy on a total vote from these ity,' answer every argument with, the re States of less than 1.200,000, which is tort, 'How would you like for your 800,000 less than the total of colored daughter to marry a nigger.' The advo men of voting age alone, saying nothing cates of the uplift plan do not urge of the 4,000,000 whites. social equality, they do not believe that the Negro is a social equal, but they do "It was not many years ago that white believe that in his right to walk down men enslaved the Negro. Now some of the street without being jeered at, in his these white man, bent on bossism, are right to earn an honest living, in what using the Negro to aid in the enslaving ever trade or profession he makes him of other white men. This is in the form self proficient in, he is your equal and of ballot-box stuffing that is looming up the equal of any man alive. There are in Alabama. plenty of educated, refined Negroes in "I have taken this matter up because this town, yet they never intrude, nor I am of the South; I have lived among ever desire to mix with the whites. They the conditions and have seen them. The do not ask to attend your receptions, Negro should vote. The same God that they do not ask to marry your daughters, created the white man created the black but they do ask a square deal in the man, and God intended, I believe, that struggle of life. every man should have equal oppor "I have tried to show wherein it is tunity under the law to protect his own. expedient that we succor these people I have made some pretty definite charges we brought to our shores, but there is a against the Bourbon Democracy, and I greater reason than that of expediency, have been sustained by the Federal there is a higher law than that of dollars authorities after investigations, but certain and cents. We are strong and they are localities in the South were made pretty weak, we are rich and they are poor. hot for me as a result. To critics who The oppressor suffers more by his ac have condemned me in my work I have tions than does the oppressed, the bene always replied, as I now say to« you, factor reaps a greater reward than does 'What I am doing is for the sake of the the benefited. Remember, that when you South itself.' " choose, you choose for yourselves no less than for the Negro." THE OPEN DOOR. President Taft, in his letter to Fisk A SOUTHERNER SPEAKS. University, observed that industrial edu Mr. Joseph C. Manning, formerly a cation will be the salvation of the col member of the Alabama Legislature, has ored people, although there should be a been touring New England to speak few colleges where those who are to against the "Let the South Alone" policy. "lead the people" may be trained. From the Brockton (Mass.) Times we The New York World thinks this take a report of some things he said: would have been better left unsaid "This issue in the South is a national "We do not dislike this expression be problem, and knowing the conditions as cause it is new or because it is false I do I am trying to make the people of but because it falls from the President the North realize what the condition of of the United States—the President of politics is in the South and to know ttte whites as well as the President of blacks. seriousness of the situation. It is popu We have in this country plenty of men larly believed that the big majority of and women learned in pedagogy and white voters in the South are Demo sociology who are perfectly able to give crats. The opposition vote to the Demo us all that we care to read or hear on the cratic party, the white vote and the subject of selected classes. black vote, has beeen kept down through "It is obviously true that no great na frauds of many kinds. Ballot-box stuff tion can be made up wholly of members ing and other things have been resorted of the learned professions, but in a re to by the Democrats, causing the adop public of equal rights and supposedly OPINION 151 of equal opportunities, if an element or a THE NEW YORK BRANCH. up his horse, 'he came out with his wife, who is an intelligent woman and who in Though the headquarters of the Na the meantime had joined him. tional Association for the Advancement When in the middle of the block and of Colored People are in New York, the near Eighth Avenue', he was struck on Association has for some time felt the the head by one of this gang. Imme need of a New York branch, in order diately his wife screamed, "Help! Mur that the national organization might de der!" and he started to run for the store vote all its energies to the whole field pursued by the gang, now augmented by and not dissipate them by too much at large numbers who saw him running. tention to the local problems of New Just as he reached the store and turned York. As a result the New York branch to open the screen door so that his wife, was formed last winter with the follow who had been running behind him, might ing officers: President, Mr. J. E. Spin- enter, a policeman who had been follow gam; vice-president, Bishop Alexander ing on a bicycle got off his wheel, and E. Walters; recording secretary, Mrs. running to the middle of the sidewalk, F. R. Keyser; corresponding secretary, deliberately, and without any provoca Miss M. W. Ovington. tion, shot Mingo twice. The man fell The branch proceeded immediately to half way into the store, and as soon as organize its work and to spread the possible an ambulance was called and he propaganda of the Association. Meet was taken to the New York Hospital, ings have been held in various places, where his wound was pronounced seri especially in colored centers, in order ous, but where he rallied more swiftly that the colored people of the city might than had been deemed possible. themselves be brought to realize the The policeman, to justify his action, need of organization and effective work. sent in a report that Mingo had the Several important cases have been in hatchet raised to strike him and that he vestigated,'with more or less satisfactory shot in self-defense. The case came be results. One of the most interesting is fore the Magistrate's Court, 314 West the Mingo case. 54th Street, on July 3, Judge Kernochan William Mingo, a colored man of good presiding. The policeman's testimony in character, living at 351 West 36th Street, many instances contradicted that of the was hired by the Walwood Wine Com defendant's best witness, Mrs. Mingo, pany as teamster and driver in place of and the judge declared the case should a white man who had to be discharged go before the Grand Jury. This will because of continual periods of intoxica be, probably, some time in September. tion. The stable at which the Walwood In the meantime Mingo is out on bail. company put up its horse and wagon is The Association secured the attorney, in 38th Street, where most of, if not all, Counselor William Smith, to defend the the other wagons and teams were driven case and intends to do all in its power by white men. In addition to these a to see that justice is secured. very rough crowd or gang of white men The branch feels that it is especially made it their headquarters for lounging. important to fight the Mingo case to a As soon as Mr. Mingo took up his final conclusion, in order that the police work all kinds of threats were made of New York may be made to realize against him, not only by the discharged the rights of colored citizens. employee but by the gang in sympathy Very typical is the Mitchell case: with him. They repeatedly stole things Robert Mitchell was walking along off of his wagon, followed it and pur 150th Street, near Walton Avenue, the loined goods when he would be on the Bronx, when two young white women inside of places delivering orders. This, suddenly turned a corner, and surprised, of course, was much to Mingo's annoy probably, by seeing a Negro, screamed. ance and to the discomfiture of his Mitchell was attacked at once by two employers. white men, and seeing that he would not On Saturday evening, June 3, when he be able successfully to ward them off, he was driving his wagon to the stable, started to run. The two white men were Mingo was attacked by this crowd of joined by others until he was pursued by- hoodlums, but as he was carrying a hundreds, beaten and kicked and cuffed hatchet from the store to the stable in and knocked down until he sank helpless order to mend his harness, he held them in a doorway through which he was at off until the stable was reached. Putting tempting to escape for refuge. THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION 153 He would undoubtedly have been trouble they should immediately com beaten to death had it not been for Mr. municate their case to the committee. John Huble and Mr. Arthur Graham, The New York Vigilance Committee two white men, who successfully warded will feel that its work has been success off the crowd, fighting the crowd back ful when every colored man and woman and themselves receiving very rough in the city has come to feel that their treatment until the police officer ap rights are safeguarded by a disinterested peared. Instead of the officer arresting and responsible body which will leave no some of his assailants or commissioning means unemployed to give them justice. Mr. Huble and Mr. Graham to do so as citizens, he blew his whistle, and upon the arrival of other officers, Mr. Mitchell THE OKLAHOMA LYNCHING. was taken to jail where his wounds were dressed by a physician, who had accom After the lynching in Oklahoma of a panied the officers and who was return colored woman and her child the Asso ing from a visit, Dr. Hall. ciation sent a letter to the Governor of Oklahoma commenting on the horror of By the evidence of a Mr. Gregory, a the action and expressing the associa white man, who fortunately had seen the tion's belief that the State would bring whole thing, the evidence of the girls the guilty parties to justice. The follow that Mitchell had sprung at them was so ing reply was received from Governor thoroughly discredited that Mitchell was Cruce. With his permission we print it discharged. Mr. Gregory was passing on in full: the other side of the street and saw Mitchell leisurely walking along when June 9, 1911. the girls turned the corner. Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, Chairman The case was investigated by Mr. Mac- of Ex. Com. of National Assoc. for Neal, 219 West 63d Street, who secured Advancement of Colored People, Mr. Gregory's attendance at court, as New York City. well as that of the other witnesses. My Dear Sir: This case illustrates the proposition I was out of the city when your letter which has been laid before the Police of the 27th ult. reached my office, and Commissioner that in the cases where have had no opportunity to reply to it hoodlums are attacking colored men, until this date. whenever the officers arrive and have to With reference to the. lynching of the beat back the crowd, a number should Negro woman and boy at Okemah, to be arrested, even if at the point of re which you call attention, I beg to state, volvers, in order that charges of feloni that immediately after this lynching the ous assault may be brought against District Judge of that district called a them. District Attorney Whitman has Grand Jury investigatioa to try to appre promised to prosecute to the utmost ex hend the perpetrators of this outrage. tent of the law any bona fide case of The result has not been satisfactory, but these outrages that come within his the effort is still being made and will province. continue to be made to apprehend the guilty parties. But the most important work of the branch has been the creation of a New It is not a question of the civiliza York Vigilance Committee for the imme tion of our people, as you seem to think. diate investigation and relief of all cases In this connection, permit me to state to of outrage or discrimination against col you, that our people are just as highly ored people in Greater New York and civilized as the people of New York; in its vicinity. The executive chairmanship fact, more highly civilized than the of this committee has been entrusted to masses of your people. There is not a Gilchrist Stewart, whose work in the State in the Union that can boast of a Brownsville investigation is well known. citizenship more cultured than Oklahoma when you take its population as a whole. The committee will welcome all fac With our Negro population eliminated tions and sections of the community to we can show a higher percentage of lit' its membership, regardless of their affilia efacy than most of the States in the tion with the national organization or Union. local branch, and will make every at It was simply a question of passion tempt to stop the outrages which have and race prejudice that resulted in the been perpetrated against colored people unfortunate lynching of the Negro in this city. woman and boy. An officer in the dis The city has been divided into dis charge of his sworn duty was wantonly tricts, each with its "captain," who is to shot to death by this woman and her report all cases of injustice immediately son. I thoroughly agree that there was to the executive offices. A corps of no justification for this lynching, and as voluntary investigators is also being Governor of the State I shall do every formed. A campaign of publicity will thing it is possible for the Chief Execu soon be started, so that all colored peo tive to do to see that those who are ple in the city may realize that in case of guilty are brought to punishment. 154 THE CRISIS You are engaged in an effort to ad especially favored as being practically vance the colored race, and it occurs to free from any attempt to take the law me that if you would let your efforts in its own hands. There have been since take a more practical turn you would do Statehood six hangings in this State by this race a greater service. There is a mob, and four of these were white men. race prejudice that exists between the Our laws are adequate and our juries white and Negro races wherever the competent, and except in cases of ex Negroes are found in large numbers, treme passion, which no law and no civ world-wide in its scope and by no means ilization can control, the administration confined to the South. On the other of justice is attended in this State with hand, the prejudice against the Negroes, as little cause for criticism as in any when they become a menace by their other section of this country. increasing numbers, is much stronger in Very respectfully, your section of the Union than in the South. (Signed) LEE CRUCE, Governor of Oklahoma. You will understand in the county where this lynching occurred that the At the same time the Chairman Negroes outnumber either the white or received the following quite unexpected Indian race. Just yesterday I received letter from an Oklahoma citizen: a communication from the Secretary of Dear Sir: Oklahoma City, Okla. the State, calling my attention to the Send you a clipping I saw and cut out fact that Oklahoma Negroes were going of the automobile magazine, which, to Canada, and that there was an effort think will convince you, we as a whole, on the part of the Canadian government are from the North and are as whole law to exclude them from that province, and abiding, and try to give the Negro the asking that I call the same to the atten privileges of advancements; certainly we tion of the Oklahoma Negroes to pre have a few of the rougher border element vent this migration, I hold that the which are fast disappearing. Negro has as much right to seek his fortune where he thinks his opportunities Very respectfully, are better as any white man has, and B. R. HARRINGTON. if he thinks he can better his condition After diligent searching of the news by going to New York or Canada, he papers, and after correspondence with should be given the privilege of going friends in Oklahoma, we cannot find that there. Yet the chivalry of the North, anything has been done to convict the speaking through the Secretary of State, guilty parties. The Negro knows how to the chivalry of the South, says, "keep difficult it is to secure justice on "simply the Negro in the South—we don't want a question of passion and race prejudice." them in our section of the world." Just this week the announcement comes as a shock to the people of Okla DR. DUBOIS IN ENGLAND. homa that the Secretary of the Interior, From London the Director of Re another chivalrous Northern man, has search and Publicity reports a most suc appointed a Negro from Kansas to come cessful campaign. The address before to Oklahoma and take charge of the the Ethical Culture Society was made to supervision of the Indian schools of this an audience apparently most apprecia State. There is no race of people on tive. The Society gave a dinner in honor earth that has more antipathy for the of Dr. DuBois on July 7. Negro race than the Indian race, and yet On June 26 Dr. DuBois was the guest these people, numbering many of the best of honor at the Lyceum Club dinner. citizens of this State and nation, are to The Lyceum Club from time to time be humbled and their prejudices and pas entertains various distinguished guests sions are to be increased by having this and assembles other distinguished per outrage imposed upon them by one of sons to hear them speak. On this occa the highest officials of the Federal sion her Highness the Ranee of Sara government. wak, who was in London to take part in If your organization would interest it the coronation ceremonies, presided at self to the extent of seeing that such the dinner. The guests of honor invited outrages as this are not perpetrated to meet Dr. DuBois were: The Countess against our people, there would be fewer of Bective; Muriel, Viscountess Helms- lynchings in the South than at this time, ley; the Rt. Rev. the Bishop of British and you can do a great deal more to aid Honduras and Mrs. Bury; Mr. Maurice the Negro by seeing that other people of Hewlett, Sir Harry and Lady Johnston, our section of the country are considered Sir Percy and Lady Bunting, Sir Robert in these matters than you can issuing and Lady Morant, Sir Lawrence and Lady abusive statements against this country Gomme, Sir James Chrichton-Browne, when a crime of this kind is committed. Lady Low, Miss Elizabeth Robins, Mrs. Comings, Mr. Henry Nevinson, Mr. Fair I am as much opposed to mob law as banks, Mr. Milholland. any man on earth, and don't think that conditions ever justify a mob taking the Dr. DuBois' address was listened to law into its own hands. Oklahoma is with great interest. The Bishop of Brit- THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION 155 ish Honduras and Central America spoke "Moreover, science to-day places no on the subject; Miss Elizabeth Robins, meets and bounds to the development the author; Mrs. Arthur Philip and Mr. of races given the favorable environment Maurice Hewlett also made brief and there is no scientific proof that an addresses. individual of any race may not reach the Dr. DuBois described conditions in highest. For this reason is it not the America, the denial of civil rights, the wisest and best course to refuse to tread insults and humiliation the colored man the paths of exclusion and human and woman must face: despisery and to see that the gates of "Why is this? It is not because the opportunity are absolutely closed in the American white people are unusually faces of no race or people?" devilish—they are on the whole about On July 19 Dr. DuBois spoke be the same kind of people that you are fore the Sociological Society, of which and you under similar circumstances in ex-Premier Balfour is president. Sir India and Africa have shown similar Sidney Olivier, Governor of Jamaica, tendencies. Consequently the Americans presided. On July 24 he spoke before interpret the public opinion of Europe the Subject Races Society. as justify them to make what I may call Dr. DuBois has met and been enter the three refusals: tained by many persons interested in "1. The refusal to treat civilized black social problems as well as by a number men as civilized. of persons distinguished in literature, "2. The refusal to allow particular Sir Harry Johnston, Sir Percy Bur>ting, black men to become civilized. editor of the Temporary Review; Mr. "3. The refusal to assume the possi Kier Harding, the labor leader; Mr. bility of civilizing most black men. Herbert Burrowes, the socialist; Mr. "These refusals involve great and Arthur Ponsonby, the M.P.; Mr. Maurice threatening social cost. Hewlett, Mr. and Mrs. Havelock Ellis, "Among the whites they give rise to Miss Elizabeth Robins and many others. insulting manners toward the lowly; they The Ranee of Sarawak has been par prevent the contact of the cultured and ticularly interested in the problem of the the undeveloped; they lead to an absurd color line in this country. On July 11 lack of logic, as, for instance, accusing she gave a reception in honor of Dr. of bad manners those against whom DuBois, inviting the Archbishop of Can every effort is made to give them no terbury and various distinguished guests chance to see good manners, and above to meet him. Receptions to the dele all 'crying for purity of race after the gates of the Races Congress have' been whites have been responsible for two or given by the Countess of Warwick and three million mulattoes. Further than one of the Indian princes. this the three refusals lead to injustice in the courts and a terrible paradox in religion, for while professing a religion of humility and equality the Christian INCORPORATION. Church in America has for the most part refused fellowship with black men. The National Association is now a duly incorporated body. The incorpora "Among Negroes these three refusals tion took place June 19, 1911. Lack of lead to a loss of self-respect or immode space prevents our giving the articles rate self-assertion; they hinder the natu and by-laws in this issue, but next month ral differentiation into classes according we hope to present them to our readers. to culture and efficiency, and they force At the first meeting of the Board of thinking Negroes either into subservient Directors, June 20, the officers already hypocrisy or paralyzing bitterness. serving the committee were nominated: "How far now is America's interpreta tions of Europe's attitude toward the President, Mr. Moorfield Storey; vice- darker world justified? It must be con president, Mr. John E. Milholland; vice- fessed with sorrow that modern Euro president, Bishop Alexander Walters; pean civilization has fallen victim to the chairman of board, Oswald G. Villard; temptation of all former civilizations— secretary, Miss Mary Ovington; treas the temptation of despising men; of as urer, Mr. Walter Sachs: director of pub suming that no other peoples are worth licity and research, Dr. W. E. B. DuBois. consideration and respect but those who The following appointments of com share their own culture. The tendency mittees were announced by the chairman: is to assume an inevitable aristocracy of Finance—Walter E. Sachs, chairman; races, with whites at the top and blacks Oswald G. Villard, Dr. W. E. B. DuBois. at the bottom. No sooner is this as Miss Mary Ovington. Legal Redress— sumption boldly stated, however, than we O. G. Villard, Thomas Ewing, Jr., chair remember that the same assumption was man; William M. Wherry, Jr., C. Ames made less than a century ago concerning Brooks. Publications—Dr. W. E. B. classes in the same nation, and that to DuBois, chairman; Mrs. M. D. Maclean, day European culture is largely sus W. L. Bulklcy. Membership—Miss L. tained by descendants of social classes O'Reilly, Mrs. M. D. Maclean, Rev. Clay whom the eighteenth century pronounced ton Powell. General Attorney—C. Ames incapable of uplift. Brooks. 156 THE CRISIS THE WORLD IN COUNCIL, LONDON, JULY 26-29 "I believe that all men, black and brown and white, are brothers, varying through time and opportunity, in form and gift and feature, but differing in no essential particular, and alike in soul and in the possibility of infinite development." EDITORIAL RACES. be pertinent to refer to the special IF THOSE Americans who have needs arising from peculiar geographi long since said the last word con cal and economic conditions and to re cerning the races of men and their lated divergencies in national history; proper relations will read the papers and, in explanation of the attitude of laid before the First Universal Races superiority assumed, it should be Congress, they will realize that Amer shown that intimacy leads to a love of ica is fifty years behind the scientific our own customs, and unfamiliarity, world in its racial philosophy. among precipitate reasoners, to dislike and contempt for others' customs. Before the publication of this epoch- making volume, THE CRISIS would not 4. (a) Divergencies in economic, dare to express the statements which hygienic, moral and educational stand are contained therein. The leading ards are potent causes in keeping peo scientists of the world have come for ples apart who commercially or other ward in this book and laid down in wise come in contact with each other, categorical terms a series of proposi just as they keep classes apart, (b) tions which may be summarized as These differences, like social differ follows: ences generally, are in substance al 1. (a) It is not legitimate to argue most certainly due to passing social from differences in physical character conditions, and not to inborn charac istics to differences in mental charac teristics ; and the aim should there teristics, (b) The mental character fore be, as in social differences gen istics differentiating a particular peo erally, to remove these differences ple or race are not (1) unchangeable, rather than to accentuate them by or (2) modifiable only through long regarding them as fixed. ages of environmental pressure; but 5. (a) The deepest cause of mis (3) marked improvements in mass understandings between peoples is per education, in public sentiment, and in haps the tacit assumption that the environment generally, may, apart present characteristics of a people are from intermarriage—as the history of the expression of permanent qualities. many a country proves—materially (b) If this is so, anthropologists, so transform mental characteristics in a ciologists and scientific thinkers as a generation or two. class could powerfully assist the move 2. The civilization of a people or ment for a juster appreciation of peo race at any particular moment of time ples by persistently pointing out in offers no index to its innate or inher their lectures and in their works the ited capacities. In this respect it is of fundamental fallacy involved in taking great importance to recognize that in a static instead of a dynamic, a mo mentary instead of a historic, a fixed the light of universal history civiliza instead of a comparative, point of view tions are meteoric in nature, bursting of peoples; (c) and such dynamic out of relative obscurity only to plunge teaching could be conveniently intro back into it. duced into schools, more especially in 3. (a) One ought to combat the the geography and history lessons, irreconcilable contention prevalent also into colleges for the training of among the various groups of mankind teachers, diplomats, Colonial adminis that their customs, their civilization, trators, preachers and missionaries. and their physique are superior to those of other groups, (b) In expla 6. (a) The belief in racial or na nation of existing differences it would tional superiority is largely due, as is 158 THE CRISIS suggested above, to unenlightened Those who dread intermarriage psychological repulsion and under should, therefore, reflect both that estimation of the dynamic or environ there is no such thing as purity of mental factors, (b) Since, therefore, race, and that the rate of crossing de there is no fair proof of some races creases with the increase of inter being substantially superior to others racial and international amity. in inborn capacity, our moral standard, 9. (a) Each people might study or the manner of treating others—see with advantage the customs and civ ing how under favorable circum ilizations of other races or peoples, stances one people after another rises including those it thinks the lowest to fame, and how members of all ones, for the definite purpose of im human groups pass through univer proving its own customs and civiliza sities with equal success—should re tion, since the lowliest civilizations main the same whatever people we are even have much to teach, (b) Digni dealing with. fied and unostentatious conduct and deferential respect for the customs of 7. (a) So far at least as intellec others, provided these are not morally tual and moral aptitudes are con objectionable to an unprejudiced mind, cerned, we ought to speak of civiliza tions where we now speak of races, should be recommended to all who (b) Indeed, even the physical charac come in passing or permanent contact teristics, excluding the skin color of a with members of human groups that people, are to no small extent the are unfamiliar to them. direct result of the physical and social These are a fair summary of the environment under which it is living conclusions of writers who are among at any moment, and hence these char the best-known names in modern acteristics differ measurably both in science. In the next number of THE the history and in the different social CRISIS we shall give some of their strata of one and the same people; views at length. and (c) these physical characteristics are furthermore too indefinite and elu LYNCHING. sive to serve as a basis for any rigid THE mob spirit in America is far classification or division of human from dead. Time and time groups, more especially as there has again the disappearance of been much interbreeding among all lynching has been confidently an peoples and because race characteris nounced. Still this species of murder tics are even said to distinguish every and lawlessness flourishes blithely. Its country and almost every province. sickening details in the last few weeks have been as bad as could be imag 8. (a) The most fruitful cause of ined. The cause of this is obvious: race crossing is ill-will—as illustrated a disrespect for law and a growing by war, conquest, slavery, exploitation cheapness of human life. Why should and persecution—for where there America lose respect for law ? Be exists mutual respect the differences cause for years some of its best brains in differing traditions, etc., make it have been striving both in the profes almost an invariable rule that inter sion of law and on the bench to show marriage is avoided—as is shown by how worthless legislation is and help any two nations friendly to each less to accomplish its ends. To cite an other; (b) but intermarriage, we find instance: The Constitution of the —contrary to popular tenets—im United States, the highest law of the proves the vitality and capacity of a land, says that citizens of the United people, and cannot, therefore, be ob States cannot be disfranchised on ac jectionable in itself, (c) The chief count of race or color. Yet every drawback to intermarriage between schoolboy knows that Negro Ameri peoples is the same as the drawback to cans are disfranchised -in large areas intermarriage between different social of the South for no other reason than classes—i. e., the different traditions race and color. This is but one in of the partners in marriage, (rf) stance of our laughing at law. EDITORIAL 159 Why should America count human This empire is a colored empire. life cheap? Because it is cheap. Be Most of its subjects—a vast majority cause it is difficult to punish a rich of its subjects—are colored people. murderer and extremely difficult for a And more and more the streets of black suspect to escape lynching. Back London are showing this fact. I sel of the despising of life lies the con dom step into the streets without tempt for men who live. They are meeting a half dozen East Indians, a not ends, but means—"hands" for Chinaman, a Japanese or a Malay, and doing my work, "masses" for me to here and there a Negro. There must contemplate, "niggers" for me to keep be thousands of colored people in the down. Their lives, their hurts, their city. They do not, of course, color thoughts and aspirations—what is the world so obviously as in an Ameri that to me as long as I live and enjoy can city, but one senses continually and rise? Shall my race be disturbed, the darker world. my fortune taxed, my world turned No pageant to-day in London is upside down because six black men in complete without the colored repre Florida are murdered or a woman and sentatives. In the two great corona a child hanged by ruffians at Okla tion processions it was the black and homa? Nonsense. They are not brown and yellow Indian princes in worth it. They can be bought for the brilliant magnificence of their silk fifty cents a day. Thus we despise and jewels who shared the plaudits of life. the crowds with the king himself, and The result is mob and murder. The the black Prince of Abyssinia rode result is barbarism and cruelty. The among the royal guests. result is human hatred. Come, London is polite and considerate to Americans who love America, is it not her darker brothers. There is color time to rub our eyes and awake and prejudice and aloofness undoubtedly act? here, but it does not parade its shame LONDON. like New York or its barbarity like New Orleans. Hotel, theater and res THERE is in the world no city taurant stand not only open, but stu like London. Nor is its dis diously attentive and polite. The tinction merely a matter of size. courtesies of the street and the tram- To be sure, it is a vast aggregation of car are thoughtfully passed, and in the men—it gives the visitor a curious highest social life colored men and sense of endlessness by its very dis women at the last days of festivity sat organization, by the fact that one can at the tables of the highest in the 1-and. find center after center of busy run ning life stretching away mile after Yet London is uneasy. London is mile and yet all is London. London sensing the strength and determination has no beauty that will compare it to in the darker world and is wondering Paris, no blare and flare like New what it all portends in the future. The York. unrest in India and Egypt causes deep Yet London has an individuality, and widespread apprehension in all a tradition and an importance that England, and the situation in South make it the capital of the world in a Africa is being narrowly watched. sense, true of no other center since What more fitting center then than the days of imperial Rome. The in London for the coming together of the dividuality is peculiar, subtle, striking first world conference of the races —yet difficult to express. One sees a and peoples of the world! They are busy mart of endless interests, world to meet not as master and slave, mis wide ramifications, tremendous power. sionary and heathen, conqueror and One sees a tradition, a memory clothed conquered—but as men and equals in in living flesh and word, and a power the center of the world, and the meet which makes this city an expression of ing will be watched with intense inter the empire on which the sun never est and remembered for many a long sets. day. W. E. B. D. Views of a Southern Woman By ADELENE MOFFAT An Address Before tne Third Annual Conference of tne National Association for the Advancement of Colored People I have been asked to speak for a few cident; often according to the extent of minutes at this conference for much the the hardship inflicted upon the colored same reason, I suppose, that families at person. On the other hand, the North feud with each other in the part of the erner stands amazed and helpless before country from which I came originally the incomprehensible mental processes of choose the county line for the scene of the Southerner, his utter lack of logic. their more explosive undervaluations of I shall never forget the amazement of each other. The probability of the a young Southern woman when she first sheriffs of both counties appearing simul came North to discover that a colored taneously ig so small that differences woman had been unable to find anyone may be discussed in the most carefree to make a dress for her. As she turned manner if only a subconscious sense of around from the stamp window in the geography and a policy of rapid transit post office, a large, not too clean, middle- across the line be maintained by both aged "darkey" fell upon her. "You all sides. from the South, isn't you? Well, the Having been brought up in the South Lord certainly have sent you! Won't and having lived the latter part of my you please, ma'm, make me a dress? I life in the North, I find myself a North came up here to work in the clothes I'm erner in the South and a Southerner in standing in, thinking I could buy me the North. Since it is this personal point somethin' or git somethin' made, and the of view that I have been asked to ex store clothes is all too little and too press, I hope I may be forgiven for a fancy, and I've been everywhere there is too frequent use of the personal pronoun to go an' there ain't anybody will make and for quoting personal experiences. a dress for colored folks. Ain't that the beatenest?" The young Southern lady I think because I am both Southern thought it was. Of course she made the and Northern I am more keenly aware dress, to the horror of some of her than many of the inconsistencies on both Northern friends, saying to herself: "And sides—inconsistencies of phrase, of feel this is Massachusetts!" She had been ing and of policy. It seems to me that accustomed all her life to see the young one of the most important functions of girls of good family make money for this association is that it will serve as their Easter offerings by sewing for a clearing house for misunderstandings colored people. and misrepresentations. On this race question we seem to be On the other hand, a white trained unable to reach real issues because we nurse whom I knew in the South is in are to so great a degree governed by settlement work in a neighborhood where phrases rather than by facts; and most there are white and colored. She never of the facts are new and most of the asks when a case is reported to her what phrases old. I often wonder if there the complexion of her patient is—she has ever been outside the realm of re goes to white and colored alike. She ligion a cause so phrase-ridden. This will care conscientiously and tenderly would be less deplorable if many of for a colored patient and perform all these ready dicta had not become so dis those menial offices glorified by her pro torted from their original intention and fession without a thought of doing other application that on both sides of the line wise, however diseased, ignorant or de we believe we think many things we do based her patient may be, but she will not think at all. not hand her patient's chart to a colored We are quite sure we have feelings doctor, though he be immaculate in per which it has been clearly demonstrated son, of irreproachable morals, and with we have not. We think we have race an education and an accent which she prejudice in the South, but we have not: would boast with pride were as good or we have only caste prejudice; the race better than her own! prejudice is in the North, and the caste The artificiality of the barrier between prejudice is growing here. The ways in the two races could be shown by hun which caste and race prejudice find ex dreds of better incidents than these. It pression in the North are beyond the is this artificiality that creates the prob comprehension of the Southerner and lems and prevents each race from having arouse his humor or his indignation ac the freedom to work out its own destiny. cording to the seriousness of the in There is no Negro problem except as we VIEWS OF A SOUTHERN WOMAN 161 think there is a problem. The problem and has right to give, a more certain, is a common problem of humanity—it is more vital aid in this direction. the problem of bad housing conditions, There are two classes North and bad sanitary conditions, bad political South, perhaps I should say one class, conditions, bad industrial conditions, in who form a serious obstacle to the right sufficient education, of both white and and speedy solution of our Southern black. problem. These are the charming peo The "white Southerner will come to ple, the charming Southerner who makes realize, I think, that what is good for one believe that nothing can be wrong any other race is good for the colored in a social system where the people are race. There is a growing company of so delightful. "Just leave them alone! white Southerners who feel that we want They know how to deal with their ques for our colored Southerner every tions better than anyone else." This is advantage and every help, every ad the attitude toward them. There are vancement that has been found to be also the charming, sympathetic Northern good for any other handicapped race. people who go down south for the win The time has gone by, if it ever existed, ter or less, and say, almost with an air when there was but one type of South of virtue, "If I lived in the South I erner, with but one kind of a political should feel just as the Southerners feel." and social creed. One is tempted to make the reply of the Italian official to Bismarck, "The ex Unfortunately, until comparatively re planation is ample, the excuse is insuffi cent times there has been, with one or cient." two notable exceptions, but one kind of Southerner who talked. But the silent I think the progressive party in the minority, silent because speech was use South needs, more than it has ever less, has always been larger, I think, needed, the moral support of the North than is generally realized, and silence and its active assistance in a campaign has not prevented thinking. And the of education. It is most discouraging to thinking begins very early sometimes. see many intelligent Northerners who The little daughter of a friend of mine, would not for a moment tolerate in their a child between four and five years old, own State, no matter what the cost, con was watching one of the colored women ditions they acquiesce in in the South, washing up the hearth in the nursery accepting the point of view of the least one morning. The woman sighed. progressive, least thoughtful Southern Louise said, "What make you do lak' ers, permitting them unhesitatingly to that, Viney?" dictate what shall be the attitude of "I reckon I'se tired, honey." Northerners in the North—sometimes even treating the aggressive prejudices "What makin' you tired, Viney? Is it of silly young Southern students as seri 'cause you'se always washing up the ous questions, instead of mere provin hearth?" cialisms soon worn off by contact with "I reckon so." a broader world. One young Southern "Is you washing up the hearth all the student at least received a much more time 'cause you'se black, Viney?" wholesome and educative consideration. "I reckon so." Soon after her arrival in the North, when "Oh, Viney, what's the matter with dis her acquaintances were few and her worl' anyhow!" social impulses many, a certain distin It is this "insurgent" element in.the guished and delightful New Yorker said South that most needs the help and to her: co-operative sympathy of the North— intelligent, farsighted and progressive "I am so sorry I can't ask you to come co-operation. We feel that the beauty of to the tea I am giving in my studio. desolation is all very well; but we like to There is to be a young colored artist be sympathized with for present condi there, just returned from Paris; knowing tions and not for past. We feel that the your feeling I thought it would be more war was fought a very long time ago, polite not to ask you. Perhaps some before most of us were born. That other time', etc." The young take disap forty-five years is a long time to be pointments hard. The other time never talking about it. We do not feel in a came, and this particular student won strong personal way the loss of wealth dered somewhat wistfully if prejudice because we have never had it. We are paid. Some way or other it didn't seem like the mountaineer who when asked so fundamental to the preservation of how he was getting on, said: "Oh, toler society when she was excluded. If the able; I'm still a-holding my own. I began young colored student had been debarred with nothin' and I ain't got nothin' yit." it would have seemed a patriotic virtue. What we do want is help to outgrow our The responsibility for race discrimina prejudices an,d fears, our hysterical poli tion, whatever the race discriminated tics, which are the result of having had against, seems to lie largely upon people in our country an institution which we who do not hold themselves responsible have had to defend to ourselves and to and who can hardly be held responsible the outer world. The North could give, except through an enlightened public 162 THE CRISIS conscience—that is to say, the ordinary other nationality you most certainly will citizen going about his business or pleas be requested to leave." Again the result ure. A very large responsibility rests was the same as on previous occasions. upon all agencies for social uplift. If Almost immediately the whole incident they do not take the right stand it is was forgotten. hard to expect individuals here and there In a social settlement in Cambridge, to do so. The encouraging aspect of the in a colored and white district, colored matter is that the difficulties are usually and white have been coming to the house much more imagined than real, and this in equal numbers for over fifteen years. will be realized sooner or later. In a So little is the question of color thought certain social work, covering a period of of that it not infrequently happens that some years, there has been the oppor in selecting persons for a play the young tunity to observe and compare most in people entirely forget that perhaps some terestingly the workings of this unin of the audience may feel that the dra telligent tendency to race prejudice. matic unities are not being altogether The first to appear on the scene were preserved, when a flaxen-haired, blue- the Irish, the next were the French eyed boy or girl and a very dark colored Canadians; upon the approach of the lat child elect to be brother and sister in ter the Irish rose in a body and de the play. The Woman's Club has always manded that the French-Canadians be had about an equal number of white excluded, saying that they did not want and colored members. The colored peo them coming there, that they would ple are often in greater demand than break up the club if they came, and that some of their white neighbors owing to many of the best members would leave. their agreeable and refined manners. The reply of the authorities was: "This institution is open to all nationalities and The distinctive traits of the colored all creeds. The only basis of admission people, those in which they seem to sur is good character and good behavior. pass the other nationalities which go to The French-Canadian members fulfil make up the American people, are urban those requirements. The house is here ity, love of music, poetic imagination and for those who come to it; if you do not social adaptability. Has America so come, then you have nothing to say many of these qualities that it can afford about how it shall be run." The Irish to cavil if the gift comes to it wrapped and French-Canadians soon found that up in brown paper instead of white? they liked each other very well indeed. When one looks at what the Negro The Jews were the next to approach. has accomplished in a generation since Both Irish and French-Canadians united the war, when one considers the amount against them. Again the management of education he has been able to acquire, stood firm and the results were the same. the amount of his savings and his in This experience was repeated with vestments, when one catches in the lit more than fifteen nationalities. Finally erature of his race the strong, clear note all combined against the Negro. The of a rising people, a people meaning to management again withstood the com rise to the highest American ideals (they bined pressure, saying cheerfully, "If you know no other), it seems to be no longer all leave, the place can still be run for a question of the education of the black, colored people, and if you remain and but of the education of the educated make it uncomfortable for them or any whites. THE HEART'S DESIRE. By Robert W. Justice. Float ever by me In countless numbers, Like waves in the mighty sea, Strange faces of alien gaze, Hurrying on to and from the daily strife, This way, and now that, yet all, all Foreign, unfamiliar—still I stand and call In hushed breath, and wait for one Who passeth by, never. Yet 1 fear to leave my lonely place— My watch-tower of delight where with me Dwell Hope and Patience; The one—sweet counselling voice— Makes day grow short, and I rejoice When Patience laves my distressed soul With reason and points to the goal Where, though faint and dim, I shall stand face to face, And in love's sweet embrace, Find and know My Heart's Desire. The Congo Express By VIRGINIA WRIGHT "Express train for Timbuktu ready!" Timbuktu is becoming a center of announced the Parisian papers a few trade. Its houses are growing larger weeks ago. "This way to buy your and it takes on the appearance of a ticket for the Congo!" modern city. The town of Gao, once They were not announcing the arrival the capital of the empire, is still a col of some new sort of exhibition with a lection of huts, but all along the banks miniature desert enlivened by real of the Niger busy emporiums are spring Arabs; they were stating sober fact. If ing up and the natives share largely in you live in Paris and want to go to the the development of the country. heart of Africa you just go and buy your A lively Frenchman, Monsieur Felix ticket as you would for any other place. Dubois, has written a book in which he In short, a railway has been built gives an account of French progress in across the desert from the West Coast of the Soudan which is extremely entertain Africa to the Congo, running along the ing reading. Seventeen years ago be course of the Niger passing Timbuktu, studied the country. At that time all that ancient city of mystery, stopping at the papers in France were crying out Gao, the capital of a mighty empire until that there was nothing worth having in the demand for slaves sent raiders across that sandy desert. Alone among all the the sands to capture and sell, going on critics, Monsieur Dubois stoutly held to safely and comfortably until it reaches his belief that the country would prove the frontier of the Belgian Congo. It a tremendous commercial asset to the means the rapid development of that part French and that its people would prove of Africa and the restoration of the civ the best of citizens. ilization so cruelly uprooted two hundred The Soudanese, he says, is brave at and fifty years ago. the same time that he is gentle, indus The country is fertile if properly culti trious and good tempered. Crime is vated. The Niger carries wealth along almost unknown among them. They de with it and fine crops of grain are being serve, he declares, the best possible edu raised along its banks. The Soudanese cation. He thinks that France has done are industrious and capable, and above better than any other Colonial power in all the French apparently are really try the country of the blacks because the ing to do the right thing—they want the French soul shrinks from the brutal ex native to get an education and they re ploits of the native people and regards spect his point of view. "White supe color prejudice as a vice rather than as riority" is not the chief clause in their the virtue "certain other nations would credo. make it." 164 THE CRISIS He sees with the coming of the rail Here is another story which points out way and the-spread of the French power the evils of exaggeration: the return of the old glory of the French "Opposite the mosque is a great palm Soudan, a glory of which most of us tree. A nut falls. A rat hears it. He is were ignorant until within recent years afraid. He rushes into the bush. He scholarly men like M. Dubois and others sees a hare. He says, 'The palm tree found in Arab libraries and within the by the mosque has fallen.' The hare goes and says to the dog, 'The mosque of Jenne has fallen.' The dog goes. He sees a cow in the bushes. She says, 'Jenne has fallen.' " And yet another which indicates the evils of boasting: "Little Baba goes into the field with a servant. He says, 'The rice holds up its head and is good.' The servant says, 'No, the rice which lowers its head is good. There is something in it. The rice which holds up its head is not good. THE POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE AT There is nothing in it.' " TIMBUKTU M. Dubois was particularly delighted with the eagerness and intelligence the walls of Timbuktu itself the story of children showed in telling these stories. the greatness of that dead Soudanese The little black hands waved at him empire. madly from the benches, and he says he One of the most interesting parts of thought sadly of the children in the rural his narrative is that in which he gives a schools at home, who possessed no description of a school he found in the "poise" at all before the unaccustomed desert. Here the little dark-faced schol visitor and promptly forgot all they ars are taught the stories familiar to knew. "How pleasant a vitality, suggest children of European civilization, but ive of a youthful race, reigned here," he they.are changed to give them an African reflects. setting. No patriotic American can fail Above all, the visitor was charmed to recognise the origin of this tale: with the way in which the stories were "During the feast of Ramadan, the told. There was nothing monotonous; father of Saliou gave him a pretty little there was not one word used which knife. Little Saliou was very glad. He seemed to have been learned in parrot went out. He cut everything. He cut fashion. When a story teller hesitated the grass. He saw a little lemon tree. his companions fell over each other in Little Saliou cut it with his knife. The their desire to give the missing word. father of Saliou saw the dead lemon tree. They almost quarreled to initiate the He said, 'If I knew who cut the little stranger into the mysteries of the lemon tree I would give him fifty blows with the whip.' "Little Saliou was afraid. He reflected. He said, 'Father, I cut the little lemon tree. If you strike, strike; if you forgive, forgive.' " Yes, it is the story of George Wash ington transferred to the Soudan, on the edge of the Sahara, hundreds of miles from a white settlement. The moral is as poignant as ever, though the setting be a Mohammedan festival, and though the language of little Saliou may possess a tropical exuberance lacking in our own sedate Washington. There is the story of the sour grapes, too, but as there are no grapes in the Soudan, the fruit is made a pawpaw and the fox, also non-existent in the desert, is a little boy: "Little Assai sees a large, ripe, yellow pawpaw. The pawpaw tree is high. He climbs a little. He is tired. He comes down. He looks for a stone. He does not see any. He looks for a stick. He does not see any. He raises his head and sees the pawpaw. He says, 'Paw paws are not good. I do not eat paw paws. Only pigs eat pawpaws.' " WHERE THE RAILROAD RUNS THE CONGO EXPRESS 165 NATIVE TROOPS ENTERING A CITY OF THE FRENCH SOUDAN Soudanese La Fontaine and to explain He did see, however, in Timbuktu, the meaning of a local word. He went many evidences of the benefit of French away delighted because he believes that rule. He commented to one of his "in every race this pride of knowledge Soudanese friends on the many signs of among the young is a most valuable trade he saw on every side, and re sign." marked that these seemed to have grown This school has been established at up in the last seventeen years. Jenne, an ancient city which played an "The truth is," replied his black friend, important part in the empire of the "that in the old days we were never safe Soudan for thirteen centuries. Monsieur from attacks by the marauding troops Dubois only regrets that there is not of the desert. Trade was carried on, but such another school at Timbuktu, which every man sought to conceal his pros was, in the Middle Ages and before that, perity. Bartering was done largely at the seat of the great universities. The night and in secret. Of recent years Soudanese proverb says: "Salt comes the brigands have been afraid to attack from the north, gold comes from the us and we are now able to lead a normal south, but the word of God and wisdom life." and history and beautiful tales, they are It was, of course, the slave trade that found only at Timbuktu." So it would be disturbed the splendid Soudanese empire. particularly fitting to have a school Ever since the white man discovered established here. that the black man's labor could be ex- 166 THE CRISIS THE MOSQUE AT JENNE ploited in the plantations of the New the march of progress in the Soudan will World the cities of the desert have been be startlingly rapid. . laid waste by enemies, who, if they did- The railway will put the country in not have more courage than their black touch with modern ideas and the French opponents and certainly were morally are willing to be fair with the people. their inferiors, were able to conquer Although they may fall short of their ideal of liberty, equality, fraternity, it is them by superiority of weapons. When still an ideal. They are still ashamed the black man was weakened by perpet- when it is violated. uous warfare against such tremendous The black Soudanese of the West is odds, the roving tribes of the empire of coming into his own again. Before very Morocco preyed on him still further. long there may be re-established along Only within recent years has he learned the yellow waters of the Niger the old how to defend himself. It is safe to pro civilization and perhaps even the old phesy that now he has learned a lesson, power. SOME LETTERS FROM THE SOUTH. kindly appearing man will come up and May 8, 1911. pay my fine and take me to his farm to KIND SIR: allow me to work it out. At the end of I am not an educated man. I will give a month I find that I owe him more you the peonage system as it is practised than I did when I went there. The debt here in the name of the law. is increased year in and year out. You If a colored man is arrested here and would ask, "How is that?" It is simply hasn't any money, whether he is guilty that he is charging you more for your or not, he' has to pay just the same. A board, lodging and washing than they man of color is never tried in this coun allow you for your work, and you can't try. It is simply a farce. Everything help yourself either,, nor can anyone is fixed before he enters the courtroom. else help you, because you are still a [ will try to give you an illustration of prisoner and never get your fine worked how it is done: ' out. If you do as they say and be a I am brought in a prisoner, go through good Negro, you are allowed to marry, the farce of being tried. The whole of provided you can get somee one to have my fine may amount to fifty dollars. A you, and of course the debt still in- SOME LETTERS 167 creases. This is in the United States, or thought to solve the race problem too where it is supposed that every man has easily. Neither emancipation nor en equal rights before the law, and we are franchisement could suddenly overcome held in bondage by this same outfit. the handicaps of long centuries of semi- Of course we can't prove anything. barbarism or generations of slavery. Yet Our work is nothing. If we state things real progress has been made; and I as they are, the powers that be make a believe there are hundreds of thousands different statement, and that sets ours whose hearts will respond to your chal aside at Washington and, I suppose, in lenge to keep wide open the door of in Heaven, too. dustrial opportunity, of intellectual prog ress and of social recognition. We want Now, I have tried to tell you how we no helot race in this twentieth century. are made servants here according to law. Negro inferiority, if real, is not some I will tell you in my next letter how the thing to be rejoiced in, but to be over lawmakers keep the colored children out come, ere it drags us down. And to this of schools, how that pressure is brought end—well, among many things—the chil to bear on their parents in such a man dren of the freedman, I believe, must not ner they cannot help themselves. The only develop still more widely efficiency cheapest way we can borrow money here and culture and self-control—but be pre is at the rate of twenty-five cents on the pared to contend more strenuously for dollar per year. their rights as men. Whatever the faults Your paper is the best I have read of of the "white man," he has as a rule the kind. I never dreamed there was more respect for the man who knows such a paper in the world. I will sub what he wants and will fight for it. scribe soon. I think there are a great "Oh," said a colored girl to Dr. Howe many here that will take your paper. I on that black day when Burns was haven't had the chance to show your marched down State Street, back into paper to any yet, but will as soon as I slavery, "Oh, if he only had the courage can. You know we have to be careful to commit suicide!" with ' such literature as this in this Suicide is not called for to-day—but country. frankly, I believe the role of suffering What I have told you is strictly con servant has been a bit overdone. fidential. If you publish it, don't put my So keep up the good fight. name to it. I would be dead in a short Fraternally yours, time after the news reached here. K. E. EVANS. One word more about the peonage. The court and the man you work for are always partners. One makes the fine A FRIEND OF THE CRISIS. and the other one works you and holds Before I close I want to express my you, and if you leave you are tracked up deep interest and pleasure in THE with bloodhounds and brought back. CRISIS. There is no better way to keep up one's enthusiasm and to learn more regarding any subject than to take some fair-minded periodical devoted to the FROM A UNITARIAN CLERGY subject; for no matter how far away MAN. duty or pleasure may take us between PHILADELPHIA. times, the regular arrival of the maga To the Editor of THE CRISIS : zine calls us back and common courtesy demands that we at least say "How do I cannot forbear expressing my hearty you do?" by running over the pages, sympathy, not only with the work you thereby getting an idea of the contents, are doing, but with the way you are do and even in the briefest glance always ing it. The five numbers of your maga something to stimulate fresh thought. zine so far received have been to me of The June CRISIS is perhaps the finest yet, great value—I drew on them somewhat there being so many interesting illustra for my Memorial Sunday address on the tions, while the reading matter maintains 'Aftermath of Slavery." It is well., to the high standard set in the first number. have the issue made clear, to know It is impossible to overestimate the in where America stands to-day. For all fluence for good exercised by such a our disappointment, it may help to periodical, dealing as this does so fear awaken all lovers of true Democracy and lessly and yet so fairly with this great inspire them to fresh efforts to complete problem of our national life. the work begun a ce'ntury ago. Here in Philadelphia—such at least is my impres May we not sometime have pictures of sion—race antagonism is relatively the offices of the association? I feel slight. Nor has the spirit which inspired sure I am not the only subscriber who the anti-slavery movement wholly died would welcome them among the other out. Yet even here your appeal is fine things presented from month to needed—on the one hand for character, month. on the other for justice and brotherhood. Very truly yours, The earlier Abolitionists may have solved KATHERINE TIFFANY SPRAGUE. WHAT TO READ BOOKS. travel and magazine articles well-nigh Holm, J; J.—"Race Assimilation; or, The Fading innumerable." Leopard's Spots." J. L. Nichols & Co., Atlanta, Those of us who as children wept over Ga. "Uncle Tom's Cabin" and wondered if it Johnston, Sir H. H.—"Opening Up of Africa." Williams & Norgate, London. could be "really true" are both pleased Kaler, James Otis—"With Sherman to the Sea: and saddened to learn the stories of the a Boy's Story of Gen. Sherman's Famous real Legree, Eliza and Topsy. Here, too, March and Capture of Savannah." A. L. Burt we find an account of absorbing interest Company. McBryde, J. McLaren—"Brer Rabbit in the Folk- —-an account of the incidents and events Tales of the Negro and Other Races." Sewanee in the life of Harriet Beecher Stowe that (Tenn.) University Press. aroused in her the burning indignation This is a study of the rabbit and the fox and the other creatures made famous in Joel against "man's inhumanity to man" Chandler Harris' books in the folk-lore not only which could not rest until it had written of the South but of other countries. itself down in an epoch-making protest "The Photographic History of the Civil War; Thousands of Scenes Photographed, 1861-65, against the institution of chattel slavery. with Text by Many Special Authorities." Edited The sense of having a mission in the by F. Trevelyan Miller. New York Review of world was a dominant characteristic of Reviews Company. Harriet Beecher Stowe. Accordingly, in "Whittier's Correspondence from the Oak Knoll Collections, 1830-92." Edited by J. Albree, her writings we find "the artist domi Salem, Mass. Essex Book and Print Club. nated by the preacher and reformer. 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' was to her a ser mon hurled against a great moral evil." PERIODICALS. "A Distinguished Negro." Outlook, June 24. The influence of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" "Dick." Major A. R. H. Ranson. Harper's, and "The Reply to the Address from the July. Women of England" upon public opinion "Equality: A Study in Social Philosophy." Rob in both America and Europe was prodi ert Gunn Davis. The Westminster Review, June. gious. A tribute to the influence of the "Forty Years of Freedom: The Progress of the former was President Lincoln's greeting American Negro Since the Civil War." W. E. to Mrs. Stowe on meeting her for the B. DuBois. Missionary Review, June. "In Love-Lady Court." L. Frank Tooker. Every first time: "So you're the little woman body's, July. who wrote the book that made this great "Recent Geographic Advances in Africa." A. W. war!" Greely. National Geographic Magazine, April. "The Direct Election of Senators." Coe I. Craw The American public is less familiar ford. Independent, June 22. with "The Reply to the Address from "The Indelible Stain." Independent, June 22. "The Man Farthest Down: Child Labor and the the Women of England," yet its influ Sulphur Mines." Booker T. Washington. ence brought about results hardly second Outlook, June 17. in importance to those produced by "The Man Farthest Down: The Women Who "Uncle Tom's Cabin" itself. This reply Work in Europe." Booker T. Washington. Outlook, July 1. "did much to prevent armed intervention "The Unlimited Franchise." Max Eastman. At (by England) in behalf of the Confed lantic, July. eracy, and it was one of the great influ "Thomas Wentworth Higpinson." Edwin D. Mead. New England Magazine, May. ences that changed the sentiment of the "What the Orient Can Teach Us." Clarence Poe. English people toward the Confederacy." World's Work, July. "Wreckers of the Florida Keys." George Harding. Thus to a frail overburdened Yankee Harper's. July. woman with a steadfast moral purpose we Americans, both black and white, owe our gratitude for the freedom and the HARRIET BEECHER STOWE. union that exist to-day in these United "Life of Harriet Eeecher Stowe." By Charles States. Edward and Lyman Beecher Stowe. Houghton- Mifflin Co., Boston. Illustrated. $1.50. The "Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe," Dr. Chas. A. Eastman, the Sioux In by her son, Charles Edward Stowe, and dian, in his new book, "The Soul of the her grandson, Lyman Beecher Stowe, is a Indian," says: volume of unusual interest. The publica "Long before I ever heard of Christ, tion of this biography marks the cente or saw a white man, I had learned from nary of the remarkable little woman "as an untutored woman the essence of thin and dry as a pinch of snuff," who morality. With the help of dear Nature amid the difficulties of continued poverty herself, she taught me things simple and ill-health brought into the world and but of mighty import. I knew God. I reared a family of seven children, yet perceived what goodness is. I saw and found time to write thirty books in addi loved what is really beautiful. Civiliza tion to "short stories, essays, letters of tion has not taught me anything better. WHAT TO READ 169 "As a child, I understood how to give; In obedience to primitive instinct the I have forgotten that grace since I be dead man was laid to sleep on his bed came civilized. I lived the natural life, in his subterranean chamber, surrounded whereas now I live the artificial. Any by the things which would be to him the pretty pebble was valuable to me then; most useful on his awakening. The sol every growing tree an object of rever dier had his weapons, sword, lance, dag ence. Now 1 worship with the white ger, etc., all of iron; the huntsman his man before a painted landscape whose bow and arrows—even the dogs were value is estimated in dollars! Thus the sometimes sacrificed with him. The Indian is reconstructed, as the natural women had equally their beads and their locks are ground to powder, and made jewels. into artificial blocks which may be built Professor Garstang thinks he has into the walls of modern society." found evidences of human sacrifices. The Ethiopians apparently were reluc The very rare tenth book of the "His tant to take life, their worse criminals tory of the Ethiopians," by Heliodorus, being told to commit suicide so that printed in 1552, was one of the treasures blood guilt might not rest on an execu of the recent Hoe sale in New York tioner, and the matter of the human City. It was bought by Walter M. Hill, sacrifices is not yet settled. of Chicago, for $5,000. Well-preserved remains have been found of the period of great splendor, six or seven hundred years B. C, when EXCAVATIONS IN ETHIOPIA. the Ethiopians conquered Egypt. There THE CRISIS has from time to time men are also relics of Roman influence, and tioned the remarkable explorations on among the art treasures is a beautiful the site of the ancient Ethiopian city of head which is placed at the end of the Meroe, the capital of the great black first century B. C. The eyes are of empire of the eastern Soudan. For more alabaster, with the iris and pupil inlaid, than one hundred years the pyramids of while the eyelashes are in bronze. It is Meroe have been known, but only within twice life size. It is possible that this the last three years have explorers head represents Germanicus, who is known that a great city lay buried under known from the Annals of Tacitus to the sand not far from them. Professor have made a voyage by the Nile to Garstang, who has been in charge of the Assouan. work of uncovering Meroe, has just re turned from Africa with many treasures and a description of a wonderful civiliza tion. , THE NATIONAL RELIGIOUS TRAINING SCHOOL Great temples, royal palaces, public buildings and splendid tombs have been rescued from the desert. The result Offers special training to young shows that the black men were in close men and women as Settlement relation to Greece as well as Egypt. A Workers, Association Secretaries, magnificent temple in the Greek style has Missionaries, Literary and Other been uncovered. The architecture, the Branches. explorers say, in the construction of its The following departments are now columns, as well as in the elegance of in successful operation: their forms, recalls the best Greek works Commercial, Literary, Music, Theological of antiquity and not at all the styles common upon the Nile. The sanctuary Religious Training and Industrial is in the middle and raised above the FALL TERM OPENS OCTOBER 12 level of the rest of the temple. It was approached by a number of steps in SUMMER SCHOOL. black stone. Its floor and its walls were The Summer School and Chautau originally covered with glazed tiles, blue qua opened July 5, 1911, and closes and yellow. A number are still in posi August 14. tion. Round the sanctuary was a kind Tho attractions and advantages of corridor exposed to view on the out offered in the Summer School are side, to show the processions and the unsurpassed in the country for col ceremonies of the priests. ored young men and women. Applications should bo sent in at In the tombs vases of a special and an early date. rare kind were recovered, made of thin Loan Scholarships have been es pottery decorated with paintings in tablished for deserving young men colors. The subjects were animals, trees and women. or natural features, or with designs For further information address stamped upon the clay. In addition to pottery vessels there were in these tombs a variety of objects not merely funerary The President, National Religious in character. Training School, Durham, N. C. 170 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER WHERE TO STOP •J Our readers are urged to use these columns in outlining their vacation and travel plans. These hotels and stopping places are modern in every sense, and the traveling public is assured comfort and efficient service. (ft For detailed information concerning resorts and hotels write The Travel Editor of Tlie Crisis, 20 Vesey St., New York NEW YORK CITY MARSHALL'S HOTEL 127-129 West 53d Street NEW YORK CITY COMFORT—Large, airy rooms, offering genuine home comforts plus the conveniences and privileges of a modern hotel. SERVICE—In the hotel and dining room the "Marshall" service is an excep tional feature, which assures comfort and pleasure for our patrons. Restaurant open all night. Cuisine to satisfy the most discriminating VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC EVERY EVENING Breakfast, 7:30 to 12:30, 30c. Luncheon, 12:30 to 3. 30c. Dinner. 6 to 8. 35c. Special Course Dinner Every Sunday and Holidays,. 50c. Telephones 4693 - 4694 Columbus J. L. MARSHALL, Proprietor THE CLIFF HOUSE "A quiet place for quiet people to diue'' 253 WEST 134TH STREET "THE BRADFORD" 73 WEST 134TH STREET NEWLY OPENED Between Fifth and Lenox Avenues NEW YORK Special summer rates to permanent or tran Oysters, Chops, Steaks, Rarebits, Salads, Club sient guests. Special attention to out-of-town Sandwiches, Etc. Regular Dinner, 25c, from tourists. Up-to-date private house in every 2 p. m. to 9 p. m. Meals Served at All Hours! respect. Telephone connection. Private Dining Room. Furnished Rooms To Let. Permanent or Transient. MRS. W. E. PERKINS, Prop. JOHN E. BRADFORD, Proprietor Telephone 4121 Harlem THE ALLEN HOUSE "THE IDLE HOUR" 62 WEST 132D STREET Mrs. P. Brown SELECT, NEATLY FURNISHED ROOMS HANDSOME FURNISHED ROOMS All Improvements With All. Improvements Wash-rooms, hot and cold water in every room Permanent and Transient Guests Accommodated FOR RENT BY DAY OR WEEK MEALS SERVED AT ALL HOURS Prices Moderate 77 WEST 134TH STREET NEW YORK MRS. M. A. ANDERSON JOHNSON 'Phone 2877 Lenox WHITE ROSE WORKING GIRLS' THE ROSALINE HOME 128 WEST 29TH STREET NEW YORK 217 East 86th Street Bet. Second and Third Avenues FURNISHED ROOMS Pleasant temporary lodgings for working girls, BY DAY OR WEEK with privileges, at reasonable rates. The Home solicits orders for -working dresses, aprons, etc. EDWARD D. SMALL, Proprietor Address: MRS. PRANCES R. KEYSER, Supt. Telephone 5395 Chelsea 'Phone Chelsea 2957 THE LAWS HOUSE THE TEN EYCK HOUSE FURNISHED ROOMS 232 WEST 20TH STREET BY DAY, WEEK OR MONTH Between 7th and 8th Avenues NEW YORK Convenient to the Pennsylvania Neatly Furnished Rooms for Permanent Depot and All Car Lines or Transient Guests by Day or Week 245 WEST 20TH STREET NEW YORK MRS. THOMAS L. TEN EYCK, Proprietress MRS. L. D. LAWS, Proprietress Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 171 WHERE TO STOP—(Continued) HARLEM PRIVATE HOUSE PHILADELPHIA, PA. Furnished rooms to let for gentlemen only. Hot and cold water in every room. Telephone Strictly First-class MRS. BERRY L. HICKS, Proprietress THE NEW DELMONICO HOTEL 258 WEST 133D STREET NEW YORK 16th and Rid go Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. Four doors from Eighth Avenue STRICTLY PRIVATE AND HOME COMPORTS Ten large bedrooms, with electric light, steam THE SOUTHERN RESTAURANT heat and baths. Cafe on second floor. Best meals only. (Under New Management) This hotel is newly furnished and up to date 2229 FIFTH AVENUE in every particular. We solicit your trade. Permanent and transient rooms; they are thi Between 135th and 136th Streets NEW YORK best. Try one of our meals. Real home cooking. Come and be convinced. (Ring bell after 12 m.) Our motto is to please you. Meals at all hours. L. B. SMITH, Prop. A. R. SMITH, Mgr. MRS. M. J. FERDINAND, Proprietress ILLINOIS THE VIRGINIA HOUSE J. N. Washington Mrs. J. N. Washington MRS. MARY E. TTTT.T. Proprietress Proprietor Manager NEATLY FURNISHED ROOMS HOTEL WASHINGTON Good Old Southern Cooking 3252 WABASH AVENUE "Just Like Home" CHICAGO 37 WEST 133D STREET NEW YORK First-class Service for First-class People Rates: 75c, $1.00 and $2.00 Per Day NEW JERSEY Telephone Aldtne 516 OHIO THE ROBINSON COTTAGE Home 'Phone B-3244 American—European 220 BEACH STREET, RED BANK, N. J. Newly Opened HOTEL PLEASANT P. H. WOOD Special Attention to Saturday and Sunday Parties Terms Reasonable NEW WITH MODERN EQUIPMENT MRS. M. H. ROBINSON, Proprietress 9-11 ERIE STREET TOLEDO, OHIO NEW JERSEY HOTEL DALE CAPE MAY, NEW JERSEY This magnificent four-story structure, with One of the unique features of the hotel is the every modern convenience, has just been com beautiful grill room. The management has en pleted at a cost of $50,000. gaged the full Abyssinian Orchestra to render It is, without exception, the finest and most afternoon and evening concerts in the room complete hostelry in the United States for the daily during the entire season. accommodation of our race. The open-air amusements available to the It is located on the highest elevation in the guests are numerous. The lawn of the hotel heart of the residence portion of cool Cape contains both croquet and tennis courts. May. The sea bathing at Cape May is unsurpassed The view from the hotel is magnificent; on on the Atlantic Ocean. It is remarkable for its the front, overlooking the celebrated golf links, fine surf and is perfectly safe at all times for the vista stretches away to take in the beauti women and children. The hotel has its own ful driveways and farms of the inland section private bath houses. of the Cape. The rear commands an extensive The sailing and fishing in the harbor and view of the harbor and sea. The invigorating adjacent sounds are always attractive and boats ocean breezes reach every section of the hotel. may be had at all times. The interior of this hotel may be described as The hotel is under the personal management the acme of luxury, comfort and elegance. of the owner, E. W. Dale, one of the most The Hotel Dale contains one hundred light, progressive and successful business men of our airy and luxuriously furnished rooms with every race. His experience as a hotel man has en modern convenience. Electric lights throughout abled him to use his very thorough knowledge the entire house. Suites with bath andv long of details in bringing the equipment of his distance telephone connections. hotel to perfection. The elegantly furnished dining room is oper This hotel is easy of access from the stations ated under both European and American plans. of either the Pennsylvania or the Reading The cuisine will contain all the delicacies of Railroad. the season, prepared by a master of the culinary Literature and additional information will art. Sea foods a specialty. be mailed upon request. E , W . DALE, Owner and Proprietor Mention THE CRISIS. 172 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER WHERE TO STOP—(Continued) BAY STATE HOTEL EUROPEAN PLAN Vocal and instrumental nrusic every evening. Our motto: To please our patrons in the matter of service and comfort. Modern in every particular. HARDY & OTTERY, Proprietors 334 North Tennessee Avenue ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. MASSACHUSETTS 130 Dartmouth Street and 5 Harwich Street HOTEL UPTON BOSTON, MASS. tf|T Long Distance Telephone in each room. ALL ™ OUTSIDE ROOMS. Steam Heated. One dollar and upwards. Vocal and Instrumental Music every evening. Service and comfoit unexcelled. The UPTON INVESTMENT COMPANY 'Phone Tremont 41771. WM. H. HARDY, President ISRAEL RUE, Treasurer LEGAL DIRECTORY J. DOUGLAS WETMORE Real Estate and Probate Matters a Specialty ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW ROBERT B. BARCUS 5 Beekman Street (Temple Court) ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW New York City NOTARY PUBLIC Tel. 6222 Cortlandt Cable Address, Judowet Office: Room 502, Eberly Block Columbus, O. FREDERICK L. McGHEE B. S. SMITH ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW. Union Block, Fourth and Cedar Streets Offices: Suite 610, Sykes Block St. Paul, Minn. Minneapolis, Minn. General Practice Notary Public GEORGE W. MITCHELL WILLIAM R. MORRIS ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW ATTORNEY-AT-LAW 1020 Metropolitan Life Building 908 Walnut Street Minneapolis, Minn. Philadelphia, Pa. Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 173 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING •I Through our Classified Advertising Service you have the opportunity to tell your little wants to 40,000 SELECT readers. CJ If you want a POSITION, THE CRISIS can help you find high- class places for teachers, managers, clerks, stenographers, hotel men, etc., etc. EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES MUSIC RELIABLE HELP at all times for the most SONGS.—There is money to be made in song- discriminating employers. writing. Out-of-town correspondence invited. If you write poems or compose music, send us References thoroughly investigated your work for examination. If terms are satis Address: factory we will publish and pay one-half profits. MISS I. L. MOORMAN GOTHAM-ATTUCKS MUSIC CO. 463 Lenox Avenue New York 136 WEST 37TH STREET NEW YORK £%«end1n°need of}™ «r POSITION? If so, 'phone, call or write the HELP WANTED MIDDLESEX EMPLOYMENT AGENCY 2229 Fifth Ave., near 136th St. LOCAL REPRESENTATIVES for THE CRISIS CHAS. A. KNOWLES, Mgr. wanted in each locality. References Carefully Investigated Some agents Bell • over 800 copies monthly. 'Phone 0370 Harlem Write for particulars. Address: SITUATIONS WANTED FRANK M. TURNER CIRCULATION MANAGER YOUNG LADY desires position as teacher in Suite 311 an Industrial School. Two yearB' experience. References furnished. 20 Veaey Street, New York Address: E. R., care THE CRISIS MAGAZINE SCHOOLS 20 Vesey Street, New York YOUNG MAN, HAVE YOU A TRADE? REAL ESTATE liy our method we teach the Barber Trade in six weeks. I make a specialty of buying, selling, exchang We give you a complete set of tools and ing aDd managing New York City and suburban secure you a position in a shop. Call or write real estate. Out-of-town correspondence invited. for particulars. S. AUGUSTUS DUNCAN NEW YORK BARBER SCHOOL REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE BROKER Costello & Wise 2229 Fifth Avenue, New York Cor. Bowery and Rivington St. NEW YORK Mention THE CRISIS. 174 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Bom. 2220 Cen. 6322 SEND US 50 CENTS for a beautiful 1%-inch messaline silk shirred elastic belt, with a fine Van Noy Printing Co. gilt or gray pearl trimmed buckle. All colors. State size. Buckle alone 25c. If not satisfac tory, money refunded. Send for free catalogue. 100 Linen Finish Cards by Mall, 50c. PERFECTION NOVELTY CO. 102-106 WOOSTER STREET NEW YORK COMMERCIAL PRINTING iSST A CRISIS representative has visited the fac SOCIETY PRINTING tory of the Perfection Novelty Co., and was BOOK AND JOB PRINTING favorably impressed with the numerous bargains. 2315 MARKET ST. ST. LOUIS, MO. Seventeen Years' Experience WORK TURNED OUT PROMPTLY MRS. G. B. NEEDLES Late with Broadway houses CORNS, CALLOUSES, BUNIONS, CHIL PRACTICAL FURRIER BLAINS positively removed by using Dr. All kinds of furs remodelled, repaired and re- Moore's wonderful discovery or your money lined. White furs cleaned, equal to new. Coats refunded. Write to-day, explaining your trou guaranteed to fit. Prices reasonable. bles, with stamped envelope, your name and 24 WEST 135TH STREET NEW YORK address. DR. E. L. MOORE C141 MONTCALM STREET, E. DETROIT, MICH. cIke Rock City Sanitarium Corner Foster and Stewart Streets, NASHVILLE, TENN. A quiet health home for invalids and sufferers from chronic ailments. Located on an elevation, surrounded by spacious, $65.00 shady lawns. A value unequaled. Sold on Fully equipped for the successful $1.00 Profit Margin. Write treatment of diseases of the stomach, for prices and other styles. liver, kidneys, blood and nerves, by other Send for catalog. methods than drugs. C. R. Patterson & Sons The famous Battle Creek Methods— water, in the form of baths of all kinds, GREENFIELD, OHIO sprays, douches, packs, etc., electricity, Largest Negro carriage concern in the United States massage, Swedish movements, dieting, etc., are used under the direction of a physician of fifteen years' experience in To Colored People these procedures and a graduate of the OR SALE—We have houses from $1,000 to Battle Creek Sanitarium. Surgical and F $30,000. Our city is the capital of Ohio obstetrical cases received in special and a great manufacturing center—plenty of work, a good place to locate for business. Can wards. Lady physic-ian gives especial sell you a house for $50, $100 to $500 down, balance like rent. For investment and specu attention to diseases of women and chil lating houses or business places, $1,000 to dren. Rates, $10 per week and upwards. $5,000 down, balance on long time payment. Farm land prices from $1,000 to $10,000 up. For further information address Any of these are in good locations. Write for further information. THE ROCK CITY SANITARIUM THIS IS A COLORED ENTERPRISE. Nashville, Tenn. Telephone Walnut 87 EDWARD A. SHANKLIN VISITORS ALWAYS WELCOME Real Estate 12181Ml. Vernon Ave. Columbus, Ohio Mention T.H E CRISIS. Give the Child a Doll The Most Beautiful of All the Toys on the Market Are the NEGRO DOLLS DOLLS FOR THE SEASON 1911-1912 NOW READY Prices from 50c. up to $8.50 For Illustrated Booklets, Prices and Other Information, Send Five Cents to the National Negro Doll Company 519 Second Avenue N., Nashville, Tenn. R. H. BOYD, President H. A. BOYD, Manager O. II. Waller, M.D., Pres. A. M. Thompson, Treas. B. 0. Waller, M.D., Sec. Sphinx Silver Polish The unsurpassed renovator of silver and plated ware. No acids; no scratching; abso lutely harmless. Adopted in the largest hotels. Best for family use. Endorsed by silver smiths. Sells readily to the trade. Doubles your income. Agents wanted in every city and town. Fifty per cent, commission. Write to-day. Manufactured by Sphinx Labor-Saving Soap Co., Inc. Office and Factory: 117 West Street, New York City BROWN-SPENCER Correspondence School of Shorthand THE LORD'S PRAYER. A system that can be learned during spare mo- In the Benn Pitman Syitem of Phonography-urrre&ndeng Style. and increase your Balary frQm 5Q tQ 10 S v y J ^/l^ \s ( ^^_x per cent. A thorough knowledge of Shorthand makes the position sure and the one so skilled in s ,J great demand. You pay as you learn. Terms rea -m. _»Sr\J 'X,.l 'A sonable. Write for particulars. L. . r -) ~ ""1 U,) ^-(-: ^ THE BEST THE EASIEST 6 - —r^, FV,, T^.^ ini MOST RELIABLE Brown-Spencer Correspondence School of Shorthand ^ri^°Y^E^: Mention 7 HE Cms IS, A limited number of free beds maintained for the worthy poor. Other ward patients maintained at $7.00 per week. Private rooms can be secured from $12.00 to $30.00 per week. The training school for nurses maintains a two years' course. A high school cer tificate, or an edu cation sufficient to be considered an equivalent, necessary for admission. Five thousand dol lars endows a free bed. Andrew F. Stevens, President. Nathan F. MoneD, M.D.. Medical Director and Superintendent. Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School, Philadelphia, Pa. HALF A MAN The Status of the Negro in New York By MARY WHITE OVINGTON With a Foreword by Dr. Franz Boas, of Columbia University "My father has always lived in the Miss Ovington's description of the status South," a young colored man once said to of the Negro in New York City is based on me, "and has attained success there; but a most painstaking inquiry into his social when I ceased to be a boy he advised me and economic conditions, and brings out in to live in the North, where my manhood the most forceful way the difficulties under would be respected. He himself cannot which the race is laboring, even in the large continually endure his position of inferior cosmopolitan population of New York. It ity, and in the summer he comes North to is a refutation of the claims that the Negro be a man. No," correcting himself, "to has equal opportunity with the whites, and be HALF A MAN. A Negro is wholly a that his failure to advance more rapidly man only in Europe."—From the Author's than he has, is due to innate inability.— "Introduction." From Dr. Boas' "Foreword." 12mo, cloth. Price $1.00 net. By mail, $1.12. LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., Publishers, NEW YORK The above book may be purchased through any bookseller or will be mailed by THE CRISIS on receipt of the price and postage. Mention THE CRISIS.