The Crisis, Vol. 1, No. 6. (April, 1911)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Crisis, Vol. 1, No. 6. (April, 1911) THE CRISIS A RECORD THE DARKER RACES Volume One APRIL, 1911 Number Six Edited by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, with the co-operation of Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Miller, W. S. Braithwaite and M. D. Maclean. Photo by Scurlock. Washington. D. C. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE National Association for the Advancement oi Colored People AT TWENTY VESEY STREET NEW YORK CITY ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION for the ADVANCEMENT of COLORED PEOPLE OBJECT.—The National Association COMMITTEE.—Our work is car­ for the Advancement of Colored People ried on under the auspices of the follow­ is an organization composed of men and ing General Committee, in addition to the women of all races and classes who be­ officers named: lieve that the present widespread increase of prejudice against colored races and "Miss Gertrude Barnum, New York. •Rev. W. H Brooks, New York. particularly the denial of rights and Prof. John Dewey, New York. Miss Maud R. Ingersoll, New York. opportunities to ten million Americans of Mrs. Florence Kelley, New York. Negro descent is not only unjust and a *Mr. Paul Kennaday, New York. •Mrs. F. R. Keyser. New York. menace to our free institutions, but also Dr. Chas. Lenz, New York. Mr. Jacob W. Mack, New York. is a direct hindrance to World Peace "Mrs. M D. MacLean, New York. and the realization of Human Brother­ Rev. Horace G. Miller, New York. Mrs. Max Morgenthau, Jr., New York. hood. Mr. James F. Morton, Jr., New York. Mr. Henry Moskowitz, New York. Miss Leonora O'Reilly, New York. METHODS.—The encouragement of "Rev. A. Clayton Powell, New York. education and efforts for social uplift; the "Mr. Charles Edward Russell, New York. Mr. Jacob H. Schiff, New York. dissemination of literature; the holding of Prof. E. R. A. Seligman, New York. "Rev. Joseph Silverman, New York. mass meetings; the maintenance of a lec­ Mrs. Anna Garlin Spencer, New York. ture bureau; the encouragement of vigi­ Mrs. Henry Villard, New York. Miss Lillian D. Wald, New York. lance committees; the investigation of com­ "William English Walling, New York. Bishop Alexander Walters, New York. plaints; the maintenance of a Bureau of Dr. Stephen S. Wise, New York. Information; the publication of THE "Rev. John Haynes Holmes, Brooklyn, N. Y. Miss M. R. Lyons, Brooklyn, N. Y. CRISIS; the collection of facts and publi­ •Miss M. W. Ovington, Brooklyn, N. Y. "Dr. O. M. Waller, Brooklyn, N. Y. cation of the truth. Mrs. M. H. Talbert, Buffalo, N. Y. Hon. Thos. M. Osborne, Auburn, N. Y. ORGANIZATION.—All interested "Mr. W. L. Bulkley, Ridgefield Park, N. J. Mr. George W. Crawford, New Haven, Conn. persons are urged to join our organization Miss Maria Baldwin, Boston, Mass. Mr. Francis J. Garrison, Boston, Mass. —associate membership costs $ 1, and Mr. Archibald H. Grimke, Boston, Mass contributing and sustaining members pay •Mr. Albert E. Pillsbury, Boston, Mass. Mr. Wm. Munroe Trotter, Boston, Mass. from $2 to $25 a year. Dr. Horace Bumstead, Brookline, Mass. Miss Elizabeth C. Carter, New Bedford, Mass. Prest. Chas. T. Thwing, Cleveland, O. FUNDS.—We need $10,000 a year Mr. Chas. W. Chesnutt, Cleveland, O. for running expenses of this work and par­ Prest. H. C. King, Oberlin, O. Prest. W. S. Scarborough, Wilberforce, O. ticularly urge the necessity of gifts to help "Miss Tane Addams. Chicago, 111. "Mrs. Ida B. Wells Barnett, Chicago, 111. on our objects. •Dr. C. E. Bentley, Chicago, 111. Miss Sophronisba Breckenridge, Chicago, 111. OFFICERS.—The officers of the Mr. Clarence Darrow, Chicago, 111. •Mrs. Celia Parker Woolley, Chicago, 111. organization are: •Dr. N. F. Mossell, Philadelphia. Pa. •Dr. Wm. A. Sinclair, Philadelphia, Pa. National President — Mr. Moorfield Miss Susan Wharton, Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. R. R. Wright, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. Storey, Boston, Mass. Mr. W. Justin Carter, Harrisburg, Pa. Rev. Harvey Johnson. D.D., Baltimore, Md. Chairman of the Executive Committee— Hon. Wm. S. Bennett, Washington, D. C. Mr. L. M. Hershaw, Washington, D. C. Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, New Prof. Kelly Miller, Washington, D. C Prof. L. B. Moore, Washington, D. C. York. Justice W. P. Stafford. Washington, D. C. •Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Washington, D. C Treasurer—Mr. John E. Milholland, •Rev. J. Milton Waldron, Washington, D. C Prest. John Hope, Atlanta, Ga. New York. Mr. Leslie P. Hill, Manassas, V». Director of Publicity and Research—Dr. • Executive Committee. W. E. B. DuBois, New York. Executive Secretary—Miss Frances Blas- OFFICES: coer. New York. Suite 610. 20 Vesey Street. New York. Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS A Record of the Darker Races Contents for April, 1911 PACE Along the Color Line 5 Opinion 12 The N. A. A. C. P 17 William Stanley Braithwaite—with Portrait 18 Resurrection: a Poem. By William Stanley) Braithwaite 19 Editorial 20 Leaving It to the South. By Charles Edward Russell 23 Color Hysteria. By Oswald Garrison Villard 25 Talks About Women. By Mrs. John E. Milholland 27 The Burden 28 What to Read 29 Cartoon: "Mr. Lewis Gets His!" By John Henry Adams 31 Actual Circulation of THE CRISIS November 1,000 copies February 4,000 copies December 2,500 copies March 6,000 copies January 3,000 copies April 10,000 copies Agents wanted who can furnish reliable references. Entered as second-class matter in the post office at New York City. The May number of THE CRISIS will contain: <J An article by William Stanley Braithwaite. •J A character sketch of Lord Weardale, President of the Races Congress to be held next July in London. <J How the Negroes of St. Lucia fought for freedom. By Arthur A. Schomburg. IJ A new department: "News of Women's Clubs," by Mrs. A. W. Hunton, formerly Organizer of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs. Our circulation is growing rapidly, but we must have 25,000. Every reader of THE CRISIS can by personal solicitation help us to this goal. Probably no maga­ zine in America has a more interesting set of readers—we have on our books judges, financiers, philanthropists, college presidents and scholars, besides the best educated colored people of the country. COMMENTS ON THE CRISIS "I have not yet expressed to you my opinion truth, be it pleasant or unpleasant, is what Negro of the magazine which you are now editing. First journalism has wanted for many years. It is also of all, I admire the spirit of fairness in which a delightful thing to be able to place your paper it is conducted. The assumption that all parties into the hands of the younger generation ana call . are honest in their opinion is a long step for­ their attention to the good English used in the ward in dealing with the race question. I am pages. May THE CRISIS live long and accomplish sure that while being conducted in such a spirit its mission." the periodical will be productive of great good. ALICE M. (MRS. PAUL LAWRENCE) DUNBAR, Then, too, through its columns such abundant in­ Wilmington, Del. formation is given relative to every phase of the race question that one who would keep abreast "I have never read a publication that has ap­ with racial occurrences cannot afford to miss a pealed to me so strongly as yours. It is 'brim­ single copy." GEO. F. PORTER, ful' of interesting matter, and I trust that your Kansas City, Kan. efforts will be crowned with great success." A. W. SHOCKLV, "I am impressed by the splendid work you Philadelphia, Pa. are doing in putting forth a paper that is worth while in the highest sense of the word. It is "As a contribution to race literature THE CRISIS brornidic to say that it 'fills a long-felt want,' but is unequaled. Impossible to overestimate its that is just what it does. Definite facts presented value. Destined to become a perfect encyclopedia without exaggeration and shrieking comment; a of information on racial matters." square and honest way of looking at the situation, MRS. CARRIE W. CLIPPORD, without hysterical unbalance, and above all the Washington, D. C. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Marshall's Hotel 127-129 West 53d Street Telephones 4693-4694 Columbus SPECIAL FEATURE BEGINNING FEBRUARY 1 Breakfast, 7:30 to 12:30, 30c. Luncheon, 12:30 to 3 p. m., 30c. Regular Dinner, 6 to 8, 35c. Special Course Dinner Every Sunday and Holidays, 50c. Service and Food Unsurpassed Anywhere Good Music—Vocal and Instrumental Shell Fish a Specialty Restaurant Open All Night J. L. MARSHALL, Proprietor We Print THE CRISIS We Print for the Vogue Magazine and refer by permission to Mr. Conde Nast, Publisher of VOGUE, MAGAZINE Wedding Invitations Printed and Engraved. Society and Commer­ cial Printing a Specialty. A postal or the telephone (Lenox 6667) brings us to your door. ROBERT N. WOOD 202 EAST 99th STREET NEW YORK 'Phone 2877 Lenox J. N. Washington Mrs. J. N. Washington Btyttr Km* Uorking (girls' $001* Proprietor Manager 217 EAST 86TH STREET ffintrl Hauljuutfmt Bet. Second and Third Avenues 3252 WABASH AVENUE Pleasant temporary lodgings for working girlB, CHICAGO with privileges, at reasonable rates. The Home solicits orders for working dresses, aprons, etc. First-class Service for First-class People Address: Kates: 76c, $1.00 and $2.00 Per Day MBS. FRANCES R. KEYSER, Supt. Telephone A]dine 516 Along the Color Line POLITICS. In California some eight thousand President Taft has signed a recess 9 egroes in the State will be deprived appointment for W. H. Lewis, a Boston of votes by the effect of a constitutional Negro, as Assistant Attorney-General, amendment introduced in the senate if shortly before Congress adjourned that measure is .passed by the legisla­ Lewis's name was sent to the Senate, ture.
Recommended publications
  • Nat Turner's Rebellion SOURCE
    Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1831) / John Brown’s Raid (1859), and the U.S. Civil War (1861-65) PART ONE Nat Turner's Rebellion SOURCE: http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-newnation/4574 By L. Maren Wood and David Walbert Nat Turner’s rebellion was one of the largest slave rebellions ever to take place in the United States, and it played an important role in the development of antebellum slave society. The images from Nat Turner’s Rebellion — of armed black men roaming the country side slaying white men, women, and children — haunted white southerners and showed slave owners how vulnerable they were. Following the rebellion, whites throughout the South were determined to prevent any further slave insurrections, and they tightened the already harsh slave codes to keep African Americans, slave and free, in a subservient position. Nat Turner was born in 1800 into slavery in Southampton, Virginia, about twenty miles from the North Carolina border. Turner’s experience was typical of slaves on southern plantations. He had little freedom; he could not legally marry, travel without his master’s permission, own property, or earn money. He was forced to work long, hard hours in the fields for meager rations of food and clothing, and if he refused he faced the whip or other punishment. And, like many slaves, Turner was sold several times to different masters. Each time, he was forced to leave family and friends and move to a different plantation. It was this brutal, demeaning, system of slavery that Nat Turner sought to overthrow. He sought not only his own freedom, but to dismantle the entire system of slavery and liberate African Americans from white tyranny.
    [Show full text]
  • Garland's Million: the Radical Experiment To
    October 14, 2019 To: ABF Legal History Seminar From: John Fabian Witt Re: October 23 seminar Thanks so much for looking at my drafts and coming to my session! I’m thrilled to have been invited to Chicago. I am attaching chapters 5 and 8 from my book-in-progress, tentatively titled Garland’s Million: The Radical Experiment to Save American Democracy. The book is the story of an organization known informally as the Garland Fund or formally as the American Fund for Public Service: a philanthropic foundation established in 1922 to give money to liberal and left causes. The Fund figures prominently in the history of civil rights lawyering because of its role setting in motion the early stages of the NAACP’s litigation campaign that led a quarter-century later to Brown v. Board of Education. I hope you will be able to get some sense of the project from the crucial chapters I’ve attached here. These chapters come from Part 2 of the book. Part 1 focuses on Roger Baldwin, the founder of the ACLU and the principal energy behind the Fund. Part 2 (including the chapters here) focuses on James Weldon Johnson, who ran the NAACP during the 1920s and was a board member of the Fund. Parts 3 and 4 turn respectively to Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (a labor radical on the board) and Felix Frankfurter, who in the 1920s served as a key outside consultant and counsel to the Fund. To set the stage, readers have learned in Part 1 about Baldwin as a disillusioned reformer, who advocated progressive programs like the initiative and referendum only to see direct democracy produce a wave of white supremacist initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Color Line in Ohio Public Schools, 1829-1890
    THE COLOR LINE IN OHIO PUBLIC SCHOOLS, 1829-1890 DISSERTATION Presented In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By LEONARD ERNEST ERICKSON, B. A., M. A, ****** The Ohio State University I359 Approved Adviser College of Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation is not the work of the author alone, of course, but represents the contributions of many persons. While it is impossible perhaps to mention every­ one who has helped, certain officials and other persons are especially prominent in my memory for their encouragement and assistance during the course of my research. I would like to express my appreciation for the aid I have received from the clerks of the school boards at Columbus, Dayton, Toledo, and Warren, and from the Superintendent of Schools at Athens. In a similar manner I am indebted for the courtesies extended to me by the librarians at the Western Reserve Historical Society, the Ohio State Library, the Ohio Supreme Court Library, Wilberforce University, and Drake University. I am especially grateful to certain librarians for the patience and literally hours of service, even beyond the high level customary in that profession. They are Mr. Russell Dozer of the Ohio State University; Mrs. Alice P. Hook of the Historical and Philosophical Society; and Mrs. Elizabeth R. Martin, Miss Prances Goudy, Mrs, Marion Bates, and Mr. George Kirk of the Ohio Historical Society. ii Ill Much of the time for the research Involved In this study was made possible by a very generous fellowship granted for the year 1956 -1 9 5 7, for which I am Indebted to the Graduate School of the Ohio State University.
    [Show full text]
  • Anna Strunsky Walling Papers, 1900-1963
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf567nb104 No online items Guide to the Anna Strunsky Walling Papers, 1900-1963 Processed by Nicole Cuadra The Bancroft Library. University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-6000 Phone: (510) 642-6481 Fax: (510) 642-7589 Email: [email protected] URL: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu © 2003 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Guide to the Anna Strunsky BANC MSS C-H 95 1 Walling Papers, 1900-1963 Guide to the Anna Strunsky Walling Papers, 1900-1963 Collection number: BANC MSS C-H 95 The Bancroft Library University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California Contact Information: The Bancroft Library. University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-6000 Phone: (510) 642-6481 Fax: (510) 642-7589 Email: [email protected] URL: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu Collection Processed By: Nicole Cuadra Date Completed: August 2004 Finding Aid written by: Nicole Cuadra and completed by Alison E. Bridger © 2003 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Collection Summary Collection Title: Anna Strunsky Walling papers, Date (inclusive): 1900-1963 Collection Number: BANC MSS C-H 95 Creator: Walling, Anna Strunsky, 1879- Extent: Number of containers: 2 boxesLinear feet: 0.6 Repository: The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California 94720-6000 Abstract: Contains correspondence, writings, clippings, programs, brochures and ephemera, concerning the life and career of Anna Strunsky Walling. Correspondence is with friends and associates in the social and political movements in which she was active, including Emma Goldman, Jack London, Selig Perlman, and Upton Sinclair. Writings include manuscripts of her book "Violette of Père Lachaise," articles and speeches addressing the social revolution and a microfilm copy of "Revolutionary lives: Russia-1906." Also includes correspondence of her husband William English Walling including a letter from Upton Sinclair, and their daughter Rosamond Walling.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crisis, Vol. 1, No. 2. (December, 1910)
    THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES Volume One DECEMBER, 1910 Number Two Edited by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, with the co-operation of Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Miller, VV. S. Braithwaite and M. D. Maclean. CONTENTS Along the Color Line 5 Opinion . 11 Editorial ... 16 Cartoon .... 18 By JOHN HENRY ADAMS Editorial .... 20 The Real Race Prob­ lem 22 By Profeaor FRANZ BOAS The Burden ... 26 Talks About Women 28 By Mn. J. E. MILHOLLAND Letters 28 What to Read . 30 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE National Association for the Advancement of Colored People AT TWENTY VESEY STREET NEW YORK CITY ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY THE CRISIS ADVERTISER ONE OF THE SUREST WAYS TO SUCCEED IN LIFE IS TO TAKE A COURSE AT The Touissant Conservatory of Art and Music 253 West 134th Street NEW YORK CITY The most up-to-date and thoroughly equipped conservatory in the city. Conducted under the supervision of MME. E. TOUISSANT WELCOME The Foremost Female Artist of the Race Courses in Art Drawing, Pen and Ink Sketching, Crayon, Pastel, Water Color, Oil Painting, Designing, Cartooning, Fashion Designing, Sign Painting, Portrait Painting and Photo Enlarging in Crayon, Water Color, Pastel and Oil. Artistic Painting of Parasols, Fans, Book Marks, Pin Cushions, Lamp Shades, Curtains, Screens, Piano and Mantel Covers, Sofa Pillows, etc. Music Piano, Violin, Mandolin, Voice Culture and all Brass and Reed Instruments. TERMS REASONABLE THE CRISIS ADVERTISER THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION for the ADVANCEMENT of COLORED PEOPLE OBJECT.—The National Association COMMITTEE.—Our work is car­ for the Advancement of Colored People ried on under the auspices of the follow­ is an organization composed of men and ing General Committee, in addition to the women of all races and classes who be­ officers named: lieve that the present widespread increase of prejudice against colored races and •Miss Gertrude Barnum, New York.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Kind of People: Social Status and Class Awareness in Post -Reconstruction African American Fiction
    OUR KIND OF PEOPLE: SOCIAL STATUS AND CLASS AWARENESS IN POST -RECONSTRUCTION AFRICAN AMERICAN FICTION Andreá N. Williams A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English Chapel Hill 2006 Approved by Advisor: William L. Andrews Reader: James W. Coleman Reader: Philip F. Gura Reader: Trudier Harris Reader: Jane F. Thrailkill © 2006 Andreá N. Williams ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT ANDREÁ N. WILLIAMS: Our Kind of People: Social Status and Class Awareness in Post -Reconstruction African American Fiction (Under the dir ection of William L. Andrews) Postbellum African American fiction provides an index to the complex attitudes toward social status and class divisions that arose within post -Civil War black communities. As I argue, African American narratives in the last quarter of the nineteenth century encode the discourse of class in discussions of respectability, labor, and discrimination. Conceiving of class as a concept that does not necessarily denote economic conditions, both well -known and largely ignored narrativ es of the period emphasize moral and ideological parameters for judging social distinctions. Writers theorize whether intraracial class stratification thwarts black sociopolitical advancement, fracturing black communities from within, or conversely, foster s racial uplift led by the black “better class.” Though the fiction variably delineates social classes, each of the texts under study in Our Kind of People imagines classification as an inevitable and useful means of reforming the turn -of-the-century Ameri can social order. Subverting the class disparity spurred by Gilded Age materialism, Frances E.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Global History Rereading W. E. B. Du Bois
    Journal of Global History http://journals.cambridge.org/JGH Additional services for Journal of Global History: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Re­reading W. E. B. Du Bois: the global dimensions of the US civil rights struggle Eve Darian­Smith Journal of Global History / Volume 7 / Issue 03 / November 2012, pp 483 ­ 505 DOI: 10.1017/S1740022812000290, Published online: Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1740022812000290 How to cite this article: Eve Darian­Smith (2012). Re­reading W. E. B. Du Bois: the global dimensions of the US civil rights struggle. Journal of Global History, 7, pp 483­505 doi:10.1017/S1740022812000290 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/JGH, IP address: 128.111.128.131 on 22 Oct 2012 Journal of Global History (2012), 7, pp. 483–505 & London School of Economics and Political Science 2012 doi:10.1017/S1740022812000290 Re-reading W. E. B. Du Bois: the global dimensions of the US civil rights struggle* Eve Darian-Smith Global & International Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Drawing on the increasingly important insights of historians concerned with global and transnational perspectives, in this article I argue that Du Bois’ international activism and writings on global oppression in the decades following the Second World War profoundly shaped the ways in which people in the United States engaged with race as a concept and social practice in the mid decades of the twentieth century. Du Bois’ efforts to bring his insights on global racism home to the US domestic legal arena were to a large degree thwarted by a US foreign policy focused on Cold War politics and interested in pursuing racial equality not on the basis of universal human rights principles but as a Cold War political strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • Dayton Unit NAACP 2010 Annual Report
    Dayton Unit NAACP 2010 Annual Report Derrick L. Foward, M.C.E. 21st President 1528 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Way Dayton, Ohio 45402 “One Decision, A Unified Vision… One Nation, One Dream” The Founding of the NAACP On February 12, 1909 the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded by a multiracial group of activists, who answered "The Call," in New York City, NY. They initially called themselves the National Negro Committee. FOUNDERS Ida Wells-Barnett, W.E.B. DuBois, Henry Moscowitz, Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison Villiard, William English Walling led the "Call" to renew the struggle for civil and political liberty. NAACP Vision Statement The vision of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is to ensure a society in which all individuals have equal rights and there is no racial hatred or racial discrimination. NAACP Mission Statement The mission of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination. The Founding of the Dayton Unit NAACP In 1914, from the 5th Annual Report of the NAACP: Prospective branches, most of the following are to be chartered in the near future: Albuquerque, NM Columbus, OH New Orleans, LA St. Joseph, MO Atlantic City, NJ Dayton, OH Peoria, IL Toledo, OH Baltimore, MD Des Moines, IA Springfield, IL Cincinnati, OH Jacksonville, IL Springfield, OH The Dayton Chapter of the NAACP was established on February 9, 1915 at Zion Baptist Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896–1900
    SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896–1900 —————— ✦ —————— DAVID T. BEITO AND LINDA ROYSTER BEITO n 1896 a new political party was born, the National Democratic Party (NDP). The founders of the NDP included some of the leading exponents of classical I liberalism during the late nineteenth century. Few of those men, however, fore- saw the ultimate fate of their new party and of the philosophy of limited government that it championed.
    [Show full text]
  • Booker T. Washington and WEB Dubois
    Curriculum Units by Fellows of the Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute 1978 Volume II: 20th Century Afro-American Culture Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois: The Problem of Negro Leadership Curriculum Unit 78.02.02 by Robert A. Gibson The problem of Negro leadership during the twenty years between 1895 and 1915 will be covered in this unit of Afro-American History. The issues raised by the celebrated debate between Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois will be its central theme. For two decades Washington established a dominant tone of gradualism and accommodationism among blacks, only to find in the latter half of this period that the leadership was passing to more militant leaders such as W. E. B. DuBois. During the four decades following reconstruction, the position of the Negro in America steadily deteriorated. The hopes and aspirations of the freedmen for full citizenship rights were shattered after the federal government betrayed the Negro and restored white supremacist control to the South. Blacks were left at the mercy of ex-slaveholders and former Confederates, as the United States government adopted a laissez-faire policy regarding the “Negro problem” in the South. The era of Jim Crow brought to the American Negro disfranchisement, social, educational, and occupational discrimination, mass mob violence, murder, and lynching. Under a sort of peonage, black people were deprived of their civil and human rights and reduced to a status of quasi-slavery or “second-class” citizenship. Strict legal segregation of public facilities in the southern states was strengthened in 1896 by the Supreme Court’s decision in the Plessy vs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aeronautical Division, US Signal Corps By
    The First Air Force: The Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps By: Hannah Chan, FAA history intern The United States first used aviation warfare during the Civil War with the Union Army Balloon Corps (see Civil War Ballooning: The First U.S. War Fought on Land, at Sea, and in the Air). The lighter-than-air balloons helped to gather intelligence and accurately aim artillery. The Army dissolved the Balloon Corps in 1863, but it established a balloon section within the U.S. Signal Corps, the Army’s communication branch, during the Spanish-American War in 1892. This section contained only one balloon, but it successfully made several flights and even went to Cuba. However, the Army dissolved the section after the war in 1898, allowing the possibility of military aeronautics advancement to fade into the background. The Wright brothers' successful 1903 flight at Kitty Hawk was a catalyst for aviation innovation. Aviation pioneers, such as the Wright Brothers and Glenn Curtiss, began to build heavier-than-air aircraft. Aviation accomplishments with the dirigible and planes, as well as communication innovations, caused U.S. Army Brigadier General James Allen, Chief Signal Officer of the Army, to create an Aeronautical Division on August 1, 1907. The A Signal Corps Balloon at the Aeronautics Division division was to “have charge of all matters Balloon Shed at Fort Myer, VA Photo: San Diego Air and Space Museum pertaining to military ballooning, air machines, and all kindred subjects.” At its creation, the division consisted of three people: Captain (Capt.) Charles deForest Chandler, head of the division, Corporal (Cpl.) Edward Ward, and First-class Private (Pfc.) Joseph E.
    [Show full text]
  • How the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Began, 1914 Reissued 1954
    How the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Began By MARY WHITE OVINGTON NATIONAL AssociATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT oF CoLORED PEOPLE 20 WEST 40th STREET, NEW YORK 18, N. Y. MARY DUNLOP MACLEAN MEMORIAL FUND First Printing 1914 HOW THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE BEGAN By MARY WHITE OVINGTON (As Originally printed in 1914) HE National Association for the studying the status of the Negro in T Advancement of Colored People New York. I had investigated his hous­ is five years old-old enough, it is be­ ing conditions, his health, his oppor­ lieved, to have a history; and I, who tunities for work. I had spent many am perhaps its first member, have months in the South, and at the time been chosen as the person to recite it. of Mr. Walling's article, I was living As its work since 1910 has been set in a New York Negro tenement on a forth in its annual reports, I shall Negro street. And my investigations and make it my task to show how it came my surroundings led me to believe with into existence and to tell of its first the writer of the article that "the spirit months of work. of the abolitionists must be revived." In the summer of 1908, the country So I wrote to Mr. Walling, and after was shocked by the account of the race some time, for he was in the West, we riots at Springfield, Illinois. Here, in met in New York in-the first week of the home of Abraham Lincoln, a mob the year 1909.
    [Show full text]