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Complete List of Contents

Complete List of Contents

Complete List of Contents

Volume 1

Contents...... v ...... 78 Publisher’s Note ...... vii ...... 81 Contributors ...... xi James Presley Ball...... 84 Key to Pronunciation...... xvii ...... 86 Complete List of Contents ...... xix Ernie Banks ...... 88 Tyra Banks...... 90 ...... 1 Benjamin Banneker ...... 92 ...... 3 Edward Mitchell Bannister ...... 94 Robert S. Abbott ...... 5 ...... 96 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar ...... 8 ...... 99 Ralph David Abernathy ...... 11 ...... 101 Faye Adams ...... 14 Gerald William Barrax ...... 102 Cannonball Adderley ...... 15 ...... 104 ...... 18 Richmond Barthé...... 107 George Edward Alcorn ...... 20 ...... 109 Ira Frederick Aldridge...... 22 Jean-Michel Basquiat ...... 111 Elizabeth Alexander ...... 24 Charlotta Spears Bass ...... 113 ...... 26 ...... 115 ...... 29 ...... 116 Damon Allen ...... 31 Alvin Batiste ...... 118 Debbie Allen ...... 33 Kathleen Battle...... 119 Marcus Allen ...... 34 ...... 121 ...... 36 ...... 123 Allen Allensworth ...... 38 Andrew Jackson Beard...... 125 Charles Alston ...... 40 ...... 126 Gene Ammons...... 41 ...... 129 Wally Amos ...... 43 Tyson Beckford ...... 130 Eddie “Rochester” Anderson ...... 45 Jim Beckwourth ...... 132 ...... 47 Julius Wesley Becton, Jr...... 134 ...... 50 ...... 136 Henry Armstrong ...... 53 Cool Papa Bell ...... 138 Lillian Hardin Armstrong ...... 55 James Madison Bell ...... 140 ...... 57 ...... 141 ...... 60 ...... 144 ...... 63 Blind Tom Bethune ...... 145 ...... 65 Mary McLeod Bethune ...... 148 ...... 66 ...... 150 ...... 152 Babyface...... 69 David Harold Blackwell ...... 153 ...... 71 Edward Blackwell ...... 156 Dusty Baker ...... 73 Henry Blair...... 158 ...... 75 ...... 159 A. Baker, Jr...... 77 Art Blakey ...... 162

xix African

Bobby Blue Bland ...... 163 ...... 256 James Bland ...... 165 Eugene Jacques Bullard ...... 259 Jimmy Blanton ...... 167 ...... 260 Mary J. Blige...... 168 ...... 262 Vida Blue...... 170 ...... 265 ...... 171 ...... 267 Charles F. Bolden, Jr...... 173 Harry T. Burleigh ...... 268 Jane Matilda Bolin ...... 175 Roland Burris ...... 271 Horace Mann Bond ...... 177 Nannie Helen Burroughs ...... 273 ...... 179 ...... 275 Barry Bonds ...... 182 George Bush ...... 277 Margaret Allison Bonds ...... 185 Octavia E. Butler ...... 279 Marita Bonner ...... 186 ...... 188 Lee Calhoun ...... 282 Ralph ...... 190 ...... 283 Sister ...... 192 ...... 286 Otis Boykin ...... 193 ...... 288 Perry Bradford ...... 195 Bebe Moore Campbell ...... 290 David Bradley ...... 196 E. Simms Campbell ...... 292 Ed Bradley ...... 198 Earl Campbell ...... 294 Tom Bradley ...... 200 ...... 296 William Stanley Braithwaite ...... 202 Francis Lewis Cardozo...... 298 Carol E. Moseley Braun ...... 204 Rod Carew ...... 300 Anthony Braxton ...... 206 ...... 301 Toni Braxton ...... 208 John Carlos...... 303 Cyril V. Briggs ...... 210 ...... 305 Andrew Felton Brimmer ...... 212 Harry Carney ...... 308 Lou Brock ...... 213 William H. Carney ...... 309 Edward W. Brooke ...... 215 Leroy Carr ...... 311 ...... 217 ...... 312 Big Bill Broonzy ...... 220 ...... 314 ...... 222 ...... 316 Charlotte Hawkins Brown ...... 223 Stephen L. Carter...... 318 Claude Brown ...... 225 ...... 319 Clifford Brown ...... 227 Lorene Cary ...... 322 Dorothy Lavinia Brown ...... 229 ...... 324 Elaine Brown...... 230 ...... 325 H. Rap Brown ...... 232 ...... 327 ...... 234 ...... 330 ...... 237 ...... 333 Ray Brown ...... 239 ...... 334 ...... 241 ...... 336 Sterling A. Brown ...... 243 Suzette Charles...... 338 Tim Brown ...... 245 Barbara Chase-Riboud ...... 339 Tony Brown ...... 246 ...... 341 Willie Brown ...... 249 ...... 343 Blanche Kelso Bruce ...... 251 Cheatham ...... 344 John E. Bruce ...... 254 ...... 347 Antonio Bryant...... 255 James E. Cheek ...... 349

xx Complete List of Contents

Volume 2

Contents...... xxxv Alexander Crummell ...... 435 Key to Pronunciation ...... xxxvii Paul Cuffe ...... 437 Complete List of Contents ...... xxxix Countée Cullen...... 439

Kenneth Chenault ...... 351 ...... 442 Charles Waddell Chesnutt ...... 353 ...... 445 Cyrus Chestnut ...... 355 ...... 446 ...... 356 ...... 448 ...... 359 Benjamin J. Davis ...... 451 Joseph Cinque ...... 361 Benjamin O. Davis, Sr...... 452 Kenneth Clark ...... 363 Benjamin O. Davis, Jr...... 455 ...... 365 Ernie Davis...... 457 ...... 367 Henrietta Vinton Davis...... 459 Albert Buford Cleage, Jr...... 369 ...... 461 ...... 371 ...... 464 Roberto Clemente ...... 374 Sammy Davis, Jr...... 466 Michelle Cliff ...... 377 Shani Davis ...... 469 ...... 378 ...... 471 George Clinton ...... 380 ...... 472 James E. Clyburn...... 382 Darryl Dawkins ...... 474 Alice Coachman ...... 384 Roy DeCarava ...... 476 Johnnie Cochran ...... 386 ...... 478 ...... 388 Anita DeFrantz ...... 479 Nat Cole ...... 390 Martin Robison Delany ...... 481 ...... 393 Samuel R. Delany ...... 484 ...... 394 ...... 485 ...... 396 Oscar DePriest ...... 488 Wanda Coleman ...... 399 R. Nathaniel Dett...... 489 Honi Coles and Cholly Atkins ...... 400 ...... 491 ...... 403 Eric Dickerson ...... 493 Patricia Hill Collins ...... 405 Bo Diddley ...... 494 Alice Coltrane ...... 407 David Dinkins ...... 497 ...... 409 ...... 499 James H. Cone ...... 411 Willie Dixon ...... 500 , Jr...... 413 Larry Doby ...... 502 Sam Cooke ...... 415 Dr. Dre ...... 504 J. Cooper ...... 417 Owen Dodson ...... 506 Sam Cornish ...... 418 ...... 508 ...... 420 Thomas A. Dorsey ...... 510 ...... 422 ...... 512 William and Ellen Craft ...... 425 ...... 513 Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw ...... 426 ...... 516 ...... 428 Charles R. Drew ...... 518 Andraé Crouch ...... 430 W. E. B. Du Bois ...... 520 ...... 432 ...... 523 Big Boy Crudup ...... 433 ...... 524

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Alice Dunbar-Nelson...... 527 ...... 620 ...... 528 ...... 621 ...... 530 ...... 623 Oscar James Dunn ...... 532 ...... 625 Charles S. Dutton ...... 533 Mary Hatwood Futrell ...... 626 ...... 535 Ernest J. Gaines ...... 629 ...... 538 Henry Highland Garnet ...... 631 ...... 540 ...... 633 Lee Elder ...... 542 Marcus Garvey ...... 635 Joycelyn Elders ...... 543 Arthur George Gaston ...... 637 ...... 545 Henry Louis Gates, Jr...... 640 ...... 548 ...... 643 James A. Emanuel ...... 551 Addison Gayle, Jr...... 645 Omar Epps ...... 552 Helene Doris Gayle ...... 646 ...... 554 ...... 648 Mike Espy ...... 556 Bob Gibson...... 650 James Reese Europe ...... 559 ...... 652 James Carmichael Evans ...... 560 ...... 654 Lee Evans ...... 562 ...... 657 ...... 563 ...... 658 ...... 565 ...... 660 ...... 566 ...... 662 Myrlie Evers-Williams ...... 568 Gooding, Jr...... 663 ...... 571 Dexter Gordon ...... 665 ...... 667 James L. Farmer, Jr...... 573 Lewis Gordon ...... 668 ...... 575 Annette Gordon-Reed ...... 670 ...... 577 , Jr...... 672 Marshall Faulk ...... 580 Louis Gossett, Jr...... 674 Jessie Redmon Fauset ...... 582 Meredith C. Gourdine ...... 676 Samuel Ferguson ...... 584 Evelyn Boyd Granville ...... 678 Stepin Fetchit...... 586 Earl G. Graves, Sr...... 679 ...... 588 Macy Gray ...... 681 ...... 590 William H. Gray III ...... 682 ...... 592 ...... 684 Henry Ossian Flipper ...... 595 ...... 686 Curt Flood ...... 596 ...... 688 William Thomas Fontaine ...... 598 Frederick Drew Gregory ...... 690 ...... 600 Wilton D. Gregory ...... 692 ...... 602 ...... 694 Leon Forrest ...... 604 Ken Griffey, Jr...... 695 James Forten ...... 606 Johnny Griffin ...... 697 Amos Fortune ...... 608 Florence Griffith-Joyner ...... 699 John R. Fox ...... 609 Angelina Weld Grimké...... 701 ...... 611 Charlotte L. Forten Grimké ...... 703 ...... 613 Robert Guillaume ...... 706 ...... 614 Bryant Gumbel ...... 707 Franklin ...... 617 Tony Gwynn ...... 708

xxii Complete List of Contents

Volume 3

Contents ...... lv John Hope ...... 791 Key to Pronunciation ...... lix ...... 794 Complete List of Contents ...... lxi Charles Houston ...... 797 ...... 798 ...... 711 ...... 800 ...... 714 ...... 802 Hall ...... 716 ...... 803 ...... 717 Charlayne Hunter-Gault ...... 807 Hamilton ...... 720 ...... 808 M. C. Hammer ...... 721 ...... 723 ...... 812 ...... 725 Gwen Ifill ...... 814 W. C. Handy ...... 727 India.Arie...... 815 ...... 728 Roy Innis ...... 817 Austin Hansen ...... 731 ...... 819 Frances Ellen Watkins Harper ...... 732 Michael S. Harper ...... 734 Bo Jackson ...... 822 Franco Harris...... 735 ...... 825 ...... 737 ...... 826 ...... 739 Jesse Jackson, Jr...... 829 ...... 740 ...... 831 Bob Hayes ...... 742 Maynard Jackson...... 833 ...... 745 ...... 835 ...... 746 Reggie Jackson...... 838 ...... 748 Samuel L. Jackson ...... 840 Patrick F. Healy ...... 750 ...... 842 ...... 752 Sheila Jackson Lee ...... 844 Sally Hemings ...... 754 T. D. Jakes ...... 846 Rickey Henderson ...... 756 ...... 847 ...... 758 LeBron James ...... 849 Matthew Alexander Henson ...... 761 Jay-Z ...... 852 Alexis M. Herman ...... 763 Benjamin T. Jealous ...... 853 Anita Hill...... 764 Wyclef Jean ...... 855 Lauryn Hill ...... 767 Leonard Jeffries ...... 856 Asa Grant Hilliard III ...... 768 Mae C. Jemison ...... 858 ...... 770 Derek Jeter ...... 860 Earl Hines ...... 772 Charles S. Johnson ...... 862 ...... 774 Dwayne Johnson ...... 864 ...... 776 ...... 865 Mellody Hobson ...... 778 ...... 868 ...... 779 John H. Johnson ...... 872 ...... 781 Joshua Johnson...... 874 ...... 784 Katherine G. Johnson ...... 876 John Lee Hooker ...... 786 ...... 877 ...... 788 Michael Johnson ...... 880 ...... 789 ...... 882

xxiii African Americans

Robert L. Johnson ...... 884 ...... 976 Sargent Johnson ...... 886 ...... 978 William H. Johnson ...... 888 Edmonia Lewis...... 980 ...... 889 John Robert Lewis ...... 982 Bill T. Jones ...... 891 Ray Lewis ...... 984 Gayl Jones ...... 893 C. Eric Lincoln ...... 985 ...... 895 Sonny Liston ...... 987 Marion Jones ...... 897 ...... 989 ...... 899 ...... 990 Sissieretta Jones ...... 902 Little Walter ...... 992 ...... 903 ...... 994 ...... 905 Alain Locke ...... 995 ...... 907 ...... 997 ...... 909 ...... 999 ...... 912 ...... 1001 Jackie Joyner-Kersee ...... 914 Master Juba ...... 916 ...... 1003 Hubert Fauntleroy Julian ...... 917 ...... 1005 ...... 919 Hattie McDaniel ...... 1006 ...... 921 Audra McDonald ...... 1008 Claude McKay ...... 1010 ...... 923 Jackie McLean ...... 1012 Ulysses Kay ...... 925 Terry McMillan ...... 1014 William Melvin Kelley ...... 926 Donovan McNabb ...... 1016 ...... 928 Ronald E. McNair ...... 1017 Alan Keyes ...... 930 Clyde McPhatter ...... 1019 ...... 932 John McWhorter ...... 1020 Kincaid ...... 934 Haki R. Madhubuti ...... 1022 B. B. King ...... 936 ...... 1024 ...... 939 ...... 1027 Martin Luther King, Jr...... 941 Vance Hunter Marchbanks ...... 1029 ...... 944 Ellis Marsalis, Jr...... 1030 ...... 946 Wynton Marsalis ...... 1032 Beyoncé Knowles ...... 948 Kerry James Marshall...... 1034 Yusef Komunyakaa...... 949 ...... 1035 ...... 1037 L. L. Cool J...... 952 Kenyon Martin ...... 1039 Patti LaBelle ...... 953 Jan Ernst Matzeliger ...... 1041 Willie Lanier ...... 955 Benjamin E. Mays ...... 1043 Nella Larsen ...... 957 Willie Mays ...... 1045 Lewis Howard Latimer...... 959 John Willis Menard ...... 1048 ...... 961 ...... 1049 Robert H. Lawrence, Jr...... 963 ...... 1052 ...... 964 ...... 1053 John Lawson ...... 966 Oscar Micheaux...... 1055 Lee...... 967 ...... 1057 ...... 969 Dorie Miller...... 1058 Hughie Lee-Smith ...... 971 Florence Mills ...... 1060 Meadowlark Lemon ...... 972 Charles Mingus ...... 1061 ...... 974 ...... 1064 xxiv Complete List of Contents

Brian Stokes Mitchell...... 1065 Little Brother Montgomery ...... 1071 Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr...... 1067 ...... 1073 Thelonious Monk ...... 1068 Garrett Augustus Morgan...... 1075

Volume 4

Contents ...... lxxvii Clarence E. Page ...... 1145 Key to Pronunciation ...... lxxxi Rod Paige ...... 1146 Complete List of Contents ...... lxxxiii Satchel Paige ...... 1148 ...... 1151 Dutch Morial ...... 1077 Pat Parker ...... 1153 ...... 1078 , Sr...... 1155 ...... 1080 ...... 1157 Jelly Roll Morton ...... 1082 David A. Paterson...... 1159 ...... 1084 Deval Patrick ...... 1161 ...... 1086 ...... 1163 ...... 1088 Frederick D. Patterson ...... 1165 ...... 1090 Chris Paul ...... 1166 Isaac Burns Murphy ...... 1093 Walter Payton ...... 1168 Albert Murray...... 1094 Calvin Peete...... 1170 ...... 1095 Rodney Peete ...... 1172 Walter Dean Myers ...... 1097 ...... 1173 ...... 1175 Ray Nagin...... 1100 Ann Petry ...... 1177 ...... 1102 Bill Pickett ...... 1179 Fats Navarro ...... 1103 Paul Pierce ...... 1181 ...... 1105 Samuel R. Pierce, Jr...... 1183 Aaron Neville ...... 1106 P. B. S. Pinchback...... 1184 Huey P. Newton...... 1108 ...... 1186 Fayard and ...... 1110 Leonard Pitts ...... 1187 Herbie Nichols ...... 1112 Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable...... 1188 Nichelle Nichols ...... 1114 ...... 1190 E. D. Nixon ...... 1116 Fritz Pollard...... 1193 ...... 1117 Alvin Francis Poussaint...... 1194 ...... 1119 Adam Clayton Powell, Jr...... 1196 ...... 1199 ...... 1121 ...... 1202 ...... 1124 Lloyd Price ...... 1204 ...... 1126 ...... 1206 ...... 1128 ...... 1208 Hazel R. O’Leary ...... 1130 Prince ...... 1210 King Oliver ...... 1132 Professor Longhair ...... 1212 Shaquille O’Neal ...... 1133 ...... 1214 Buck O’Neil ...... 1136 Puff Daddy ...... 1217 Clarence Otis, Jr...... 1137 Chris Owens ...... 1139 Benjamin Quarles...... 1219 ...... 1140 ...... 1221 Terrell Owens ...... 1143 xxv African Americans

Albert Raby ...... 1224 Arturo Alfonso Schomburg ...... 1319 ...... 1226 George S. Schuyler ...... 1321 A. Philip Randolph ...... 1228 Dred Scott...... 1324 ...... 1231 Briana Scurry ...... 1326 Phylicia Rashad ...... 1233 ...... 1328 Otis Redding ...... 1235 ...... 1330 Ed Reed ...... 1236 ...... 1332 ...... 1238 ...... 1333 Tim Reid ...... 1240 ...... 1335 Hiram Rhoades Revels ...... 1241 ...... 1337 Sylvia M. Rhone ...... 1243 Bernard Shaw ...... 1340 ...... 1245 Art Shell ...... 1341 ...... 1247 ...... 1344 Linda Johnson Rice ...... 1249 ...... 1345 ...... 1251 ...... 1347 ...... 1252 Horace Silver ...... 1349 Rihanna ...... 1255 Joseph Simmons ...... 1350 Norbert Rillieux...... 1256 Kimora Lee Simmons...... 1352 ...... 1258 ...... 1354 ...... 1260 Ruth Simmons ...... 1356 ...... 1261 Willie Simms ...... 1357 ...... 1263 ...... 1359 ...... 1266 O. J. Simpson ...... 1361 ...... 1269 Mike Singletary ...... 1364 Frank Robinson ...... 1270 Benjamin Singleton ...... 1366 ...... 1272 ...... 1367 Jo Ann Gibson Robinson ...... 1275 John Brooks Slaughter ...... 1369 Max Robinson ...... 1277 Robert Smalls ...... 1371 Randall Robinson ...... 1278 ...... 1373 ...... 1280 ...... 1374 Spottswood W. Robinson III ...... 1282 Barbara Smith...... 1376 ...... 1284 ...... 1377 ...... 1286 Emmitt Smith ...... 1379 Al Roker ...... 1287 Huey “” Smith ...... 1381 ...... 1289 Tommie Smith ...... 1382 ...... 1291 ...... 1385 Darius Rucker...... 1294 ...... 1386 ...... 1295 Snoop Dogg...... 1388 ...... 1298 Thomas Sowell ...... 1390 George Russell ...... 1300 Claude M. Steele ...... 1392 John Brown Russwurm ...... 1302 Michael Steele ...... 1393 ...... 1303 Shelby Steele ...... 1395 Maria Stewart ...... 1397 Betye Saar ...... 1306 William Grant Still ...... 1398 ...... 1307 Sonny Stitt ...... 1401 Barry Sanders ...... 1309 ...... 1402 Deion Sanders ...... 1311 Leon H. Sullivan ...... 1404 Pharoah Sanders ...... 1314 Donna Summer ...... 1405 David Satcher ...... 1315 ...... 1407 ...... 1317 xxvi Complete List of Contents

Taj Mahal ...... 1410 Vivien Thomas ...... 1427 Henry Ossawa Tanner...... 1412 Larry D. Thompson ...... 1428 Lawrence Taylor ...... 1413 Henry Threadgill ...... 1430 Mildred D. Taylor...... 1415 ...... 1432 Mary Church Terrell ...... 1416 Melvin B. Tolson ...... 1434 ...... 1418 Jean Toomer ...... 1435 Debi Thomas ...... 1421 ...... 1438 Frank Thomas...... 1423 William Monroe Trotter ...... 1439 ...... 1424

Volume 5

Contents...... xcvii George Walker ...... 1497 Key to Pronunciation ...... xcix Jimmie Walker ...... 1498 Complete List of Contents ...... ci Madam C. J. Walker ...... 1500 ...... 1503 ...... 1441 ...... 1504 ...... 1444 Eric Walrond ...... 1507 C. DeLores Tucker ...... 1447 ...... 1508 Big Joe Turner ...... 1448 ...... 1510 Henry McNeal Turner ...... 1450 Booker T. Washington ...... 1513 ...... 1451 ...... 1515 Nat Turner ...... 1453 ...... 1518 ...... 1455 Kenny Washington ...... 1521 McCoy Tyner ...... 1458 ...... 1523 ...... 1460 ...... 1525 ...... 1462 ...... 1526 Neil deGrasse Tyson ...... 1464 J. C. Watts...... 1528 Wyomia Tyus ...... 1466 Robert C. Weaver ...... 1530 Chick Webb ...... 1531 ...... 1468 Ida B. Wells-Barnett ...... 1533 ...... 1470 ...... 1535 Gene Upshaw ...... 1472 ...... 1537 ...... 1474 Dorothy West ...... 1538 Kanye West ...... 1540 Courtney B. Vance ...... 1476 Togo West...... 1541 James Van Der Zee ...... 1477 Clifton Reginald Wharton, Jr...... 1543 ...... 1480 Phillis Wheatley ...... 1545 ...... 1482 Tyrone Wheatley ...... 1547 ...... 1483 ...... 1548 ...... 1485 Bill White ...... 1550 Denmark Vesey ...... 1487 Walter White ...... 1552 C. T. Vivian ...... 1488 ...... 1555 L. ...... 1557 ...... 1491 ...... 1558 Alice Walker ...... 1493 ...... 1560 David Walker ...... 1495 Bert Williams ...... 1563 xxvii African Americans

Billy Dee Williams ...... 1565 Carter G. Woodson ...... 1615 Cootie Williams...... 1566 Rod Woodson ...... 1617 Daniel Hale Williams ...... 1567 Jane Cooke Wright ...... 1619 Gus Williams ...... 1569 ...... 1620 ...... 1571 Jeremiah Wright ...... 1622 Juan Williams ...... 1573 Louis T. Wright ...... 1624 Mary Lou Williams ...... 1574 ...... 1625 Montel Williams ...... 1576 Robert Franklin Williams...... 1578 Frank Yerby...... 1628 Serena Williams...... 1579 ...... 1631 ...... 1581 ...... 1632 ...... 1583 ...... 1635 Willie L. Williams ...... 1584 ...... 1637 Maury Wills...... 1586 ...... 1587 Appendixes Flip Wilson ...... 1590 Chronological List of Entries ...... 1641 Jackie Wilson ...... 1592 Mediagraphy ...... 1651 William Julius Wilson ...... 1593 Literary Bibliography...... 1658 ...... 1595 Organizations and Societies ...... 1665 ...... 1597 Research Centers and Libraries...... 1669 James Winkfield ...... 1600 Bibliography ...... 1673 Ernest Withers ...... 1601 Web Site Directory ...... 1682 George C. Wolfe ...... 1603 ...... 1605 Indexes ...... 1607 Category Index ...... 1689 ...... 1609 Personages Index ...... 1705 Granville T. Woods ...... 1610 Subject Index ...... 1731 Tiger Woods ...... 1612

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