Artists and Creative Workers Are Everywhere

SECTION I ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS ARE EVERYWHERE

TOTAL CREATIVE (1) JOBS PER REGION 1: 956 3: 2: 4,099 939 4: 2,826 5: TOTAL CREATIVE 1,967 JOBS IN MINNESOTA 7E: BY REGION 2014(1) 7W: 1,710 4,846 11: 6/8: 73,798 3,217 104,148 9: 10: 3,069 6,721

WHO ARE CREATIVE WORKERS?

Architects • landscape architects • curators • librarians • art directors • craft artists • fine artists including painters, sculptors and illustrators • multimedia artists and animators • commercial and industrial designers • fashion, floral, graphic and interior designers • set and exhibition designers • actors, producers and directors • dancers, choreographers, music directors and composers • musicians and singers • radio and television announcers and public relations specialists • editors, technical writers, writers and authors • media and communications workers • audio and video equipment technicians • broadcast technicians • sound engineering technicians • photographers, camera operators, television, video and motion picture • film and video editors • media and communication equipment workers • theatrical and performance makeup artists • directors of religious activities and education (for example, choir directors) • musical instrument repairers and tuners • merchandise displayers and window trimmers • advertising and promotions managers • public relations and fundraising managers • agents and business managers of artists and performers

41 OCCUPATIONS IN TOTAL

ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS ARE EVERYWHERE creativeMN.org 2 2017 Creative MN Report CREATIVE OCCUPATIONS WITH THE GREATEST NUMBER OF JOBS(1)

MUSICIANS WRITERS GRAPHIC PHOTOGRAPHERS AND SINGERS AND AUTHORS DESIGNERS 16,403 10,268 9,544 9,530

MINNESOTA IS HOME TO AN ASTONISHING 104,148 ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS AND THEY MAKE THEIR HOMES IN DENSITY OF CREATIVE WORKERS IN THE EVERY COUNTY WORKFORCE

It’s no surprise that the highest density of creative workers is in the Twin Cities metro area, but it’s important to know that there are many other thriving arts communities across 39 — 62 the state where creative workers are also essential members of the local economy. For example, Cook, Carver, Martin, 28 — 39 Benton, Cass and Marshall counties also have a high density 20 — 28 of creative workers in their workforce. 7 — 20 These maps do not include all creative workers – just those employed full or part-time by others or self-employed in creative occupations. They do not include students, retired or hobbyist artists.(1) 2 — 7

Creative Economy Workers per 1,000 Employed Residents

HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ARTISTS A recent National Endowment for the Arts study(2) found that Minnesota has the highest concentration of artists in the Midwest, higher than all surrounding states including Illinois. Minnesota has 1.5 times the national average for artists as a percentage of the workforce.

newyw york city The Twin Cities is second only to New York City for NY percentage of the workforce employed in theater companies. twin cities NYC has 3 times the national average, the Mpls/St. Paul MSA MN has 2.4 times the national average, followed by Seattle at seattle 2 times, and Las Vegas at 1.9 times.(2) WA las vegas NV national average US creativeMN.org ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS ARE EVERYWHERE 2017 Creative MN Report 3 GOOD 85% OF ARTS DEGREE GRADUATES very RATE THE TWIN CITIES AS A “GOOD” OR GOOD “VERY GOOD” PLACE TO BE AN ARTIST(3)

The Strategic National Arts Alumni Project (SNAAP) The Twin Cities rated signiﬁcantly higher than other cities conducted national surveys on behalf of participating of comparable population size around the country as a good colleges and universities to learn about the lives and careers place to be an artist. When combined, the percentage of of their arts graduates. 286 schools participated nationwide artists responding that the Twin Cities are “Good” or “Very and 92,113 arts alumni completed the survey nationally Good” is nearly as high as New York and Los Angeles and in 2011-2013. Participating Minnesota schools included tied with Chicago, a much larger city. The Twin Cities also the College of Visual Arts, Minneapolis College of Art and had the highest rating in the Midwest, as well as one of Design, St. Cloud State University, St. Olaf College and the highest level of respondents reporting themselves to be University of Minnesota-Twin Cities. professional artists.

I can’t imagine a more fulﬁlling place to be an artist. Minnesota is not only committed to artists creating work, it is committed to showcasing that work, being patrons of that work and cultivating spaces to better understand the artistic process. Art is a part of the cultural fabric and expression of this state - you can’t get that everywhere.”

- Tish Jones, Founder and Executive Director TruArtSpeaks

ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS ARE EVERYWHERE creativeMN.org 4 2017 Creative MN Report IS WHERE YOU LIVE A GOOD PLACE TO BE AN ARTIST?

ARTIST RATING** CURRENT EMPLOYMENT RESPONDENTS

Very good Very good Good Fair Poor Very poor Self-employed Professional MSA* Population Number of study or good Artist Size (2015)(4) respondents

NEW YORK 87% 65% 22% 10% 3% 1% 51% 59% 20,182,305 9338 NY

LOS ANGELES 86% 62% 25% 10% 3% 1% 53% 60% 13,340,068 6252 CA

TWIN CITIES 54% 31% 12% 2% 1% 43% 56% 3,524,583 1594 MN 85%

CHICAGO 85% 52% 33% 12% 3% 1% 44% 51% 9,551,031 3797 IL

SEATTLE 81% 50% 31% 16% 2% 1% 39% 48% 3,733,580 1014 WA

WASHINGTON DC/ BALTIMORE 80% 42% 38% 16% 3% 1% 40% 51% 9,625,744 3435 MD

DENVER 69% 34% 35% 25% 5% 1% 47% 49% 2,814,330 1104 CO

MIAMI 64% 30% 34% 26% 8% 2% 46% 52% 6,012,331 731 FL

DETROIT 58% 29% 29% 30% 8% 3% 43% 52% 4,302,043 866 MI

*Metropolitan Statistical Area **How current artists rate this area as a place to pursue their artistic careers. “Art” and “artist” refer to a range of creative activity, including performance, design, architecture, creative writing, music composition, choreography, ﬁlm, illustration and ﬁne art. Strategic National Alumni project, Indiana University Bloomington: snaap.indiana.edu/snaapshot/#location.

creativeMN.org ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS ARE EVERYWHERE 2017 Creative MN Report 5 AVERAGE HOURLY WAGES FOR CREATIVE ECONOMY WORKERS(1)

AVERAGE HOURLY WAGES FOR CREATIVE AVERAGE ECONOMY WORKERS, 2014 USA HOURLY WAGE $23.00 FOR ALL WORKERS

AVERAGE HOURLY WAGE MN $20.85 — $25.48 $24.00 FOR ALL WORKERS $19.01 — $20.84 $18.20 — $19.00 FOR ARTISTS AND $17.38 — $18.19 $22.22 CREATIVE WORKERS $16.54 — $17.37

THERE ARE 37 CREATIVE JOBS PER 1,000 WORKERS IN MINNESOTA

ALL CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN MINNESOTA

CREATIVE INDUSTRIES WITH THE GREATEST EARNINGS(1)

artist, writer, performer

$1.2B $825M $724M $500M $442M COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE BOOK ADVERTISING ARTISTS, GRAVURE PUBLISHERS PUBLISHERS AGENCIES WRITERS AND PRINTING PERFORMERS

2014 ALL CREATIVE INDUSTRIES TOTAL INDUSTRY EARNINGS(1) (Sales generated by all creative industries. Includes both for-proﬁt and nonproﬁt industries.) $7.8 BILLION

ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS ARE EVERYWHERE creativeMN.org 6 2017 Creative MN Report SECTION II ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEY OF ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS

Artists and creative workers have a CHANGES OVER TIME big impact on our economy. This survey benefited from over twice the response rate of a similar previous study in 2007 called “Artists Count.” The Minnesota’s artists and creative workers have a large and existence of the previous study allows us to look at some growing impact on our state’s economy. Both through changes in the artist population over time. direct spending and through founding and running creative businesses, they are a core part of the economic vitality of The most significant change is in how we count artists and our state. creative workers in Minnesota. In 2007, we counted 19,676 artists for whom we had contact information for the study. In This section is based on Creative Minnesota’s 2016 survey 2016, we count 104,148 artists and creative workers using of over 2,139 self identified artists in Minnesota, whether or “Artists and Arts Workers in the United States” data from the (1) not they are making their living as artists . The survey results Quarterly U.S. Census of Employment and Wages. include full and part-time workers as well as students, retired UNINSURED and hobbyist artists unless otherwise noted. 2007 14% ARTISTS UNINSURED 2016 5% ARTISTS Nearly 200 organizational partners worked together to promote the survey, which was done with the assistance of The second largest change over time was finding a dramatic Americans for the Arts. We’d also like to thank the responding increase in artists with health insurance, with the uninsured artists who made this research possible. rate dropping from 14 percent to 5 percent between 2007 and 2016.

The younger an artist is the more likely they are to practice THE GENERATIONS ARE CHANGING theater as opposed to the visual arts. Millennials are the Visual arts is the most commonly practiced discipline, only generation that chose theater as their primary artistic followed by theater, but people from different generations discipline, most often. practice different disciplines.

MILLENNIALS GENERATION X BOOMERS ELDERS % OF TOTAL ARTISTS 1981 and after 1965 to 1980 1947 to 1964 1946 and before n = 2135 21% 26% 38% 46% 31% Visual Arts Theater 25% 15% 9% 5% 14% Music/Opera/Musical/Theater 17% 13% 14% 9% 14% Literature 7% 13% 11% 9% 10% Inter-Disciplinary/Multi-Disciplinary 10% 9% 6% 9% 8% Photography Media Arts 8% 9% 6% 6% 8% ONLY Crafts 3% 5% 8% 7% 6% 1/4 OF Design Arts 2% 3% 2% 3% 3% ARTISTS Dance 4% 3% 1% 1% 2% WORK Other 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% FULL-TIME Folk-life Traditional Arts 1% 1% 2% 3% 2% AS ARTISTS *Some respondents did not answer the question, so the totals do not equal 100%. Baby Boomers were over-represented compared to their percentage of the Minnesota population by 5%, and Elders were under-represented by 5%. Millennials were under-represented by 2% and Generation X were over-represented by 3%.(3)

creativeMN.org ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEY OF ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS 2017 Creative MN Report 7 THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ARTISTS(1)

Separate from our previous study of the economic impact of nonproﬁt arts and culture organizations (see Section V), with this survey of artists we now have compelling new evidence that individual artists and creative workers also comprise a signiﬁcant industry in Minnesota—one that generates $644 million in direct statewide economic activity and supports more than 17,533 additional full-time jobs.

actions, in turn, support jobs, create income and generate THE IMPACT OF ARTIST SPENDING government revenue. This economic impact study sends Artistic spending by Minnesota’s 104,148 full-time and part- a strong signal that when we support Minnesota’s creative time artists and creative workers has a far reaching impact. workers, we not only enhance our quality of life, but also Artists buy supplies, contract for services and more. These invest in Minnesota’s economic well-being. GOVERNMENT REVENUE GENERATED BY ARTIST SPENDING

LOCAL STATE GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT REVENUE REVENUE GENERATED $18 MILLION GENERATED $65 MILLION Government revenues includes sales, income and property taxes as well as license, utility and ﬁling fees, etc. TOTAL GOVERNMENT REVENUES $83 MILLION TOTAL ARTISTIC FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EXPENDITURES JOBS SUPPORTED BY MADE IN MN $644 MILLION ARTIST SPENDING 17,553

Resident household income includes wages and RESIDENT HOUSEHOLD salaries paid to MN residents that in turn is spent INCOME GENERATED $494 MILLION on rent, food and other living expenses.

ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEY OF ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS creativeMN.org 8 2017 Creative MN Report ARTIST SPENDING IMPACTS LOCAL ECONOMY(1)

Not surprisingly, the average annual artistic spending by full-time artists is more than twice the average of part-time artists. For all artists “supplies” was the largest expense, followed by car/truck expenses, uncategorized expenses and travel. Uniquely, full-time artists also reported high expenses on contract labor and depreciation. FULL-TIME ARTISTS/ PART-TIME ARTISTS/ ALL MN ARTISTS/ CREATIVE WORKERS CREATIVE WORKERS CREATIVE WORKERS AVERAGE ANNUAL ARTISTIC EXPENDITURES $12,588 $4,699 $6,116

CATEGORY FULL-TIME PART-TIME ALL MN CATEGORY FULL-TIME PART-TIME ALL MN ARTISTS/ ARTISTS/ ARTISTS/ ARTISTS/ ARTISTS/ ARTISTS/ OF ARTISTIC CREATIVE CREATIVE CREATIVE OF ARTISTIC CREATIVE CREATIVE CREATIVE EXPENSE WORKERS WORKERS WORKERS EXPENSE WORKERS WORKERS WORKERS

SUPPLIES $2,702 $1,058 $1,372 COMMISSIONS/FEES $293 $180 $165

OTHER ARTISTIC $1,606 $650 $813 TAXES/LICENSES $180 $72 $98 EXPENSES CAR/TRUCK $1,531 $574 $754 UTILITIES $167 $44 $73 EXPENSES CONTRACT $825 $180 $298 ENTERTAINMENT $157 $67 $81 LABOR TRAVEL $760 $323 $382 MAINTENANCE $153 $33 $64

DEPRECIATION $720 $276 $355 NON-HEALTH $139 $26 $51 INSURANCE WAGES MORTGAGE INTEREST $702 $205 $309 $50 $19 $23

ADVERTISING DEPLETION $575 $219 $279 $33 $0 $9

PROFESSIONAL RENT/LEASE (VEHICLE) $550 $224 $276 $29 $15 $16 SERVICES OFFICE OTHER INTEREST $535 $228 $278 $27 $5 $13 EXPENSES BUSINESS EMPLOYEE BENEFITS $444 $191 $231 $7 $2 $2 USE OF HOME RENT/LEASE PENSION/PROFIT $403 $109 $174 $0 $0 $0 (OTHER) SHARING *All MN Artists/Creative Workers Includes Hobbyists, Students and Retired

11% OF ARTISTS ARE EMPLOYERS “NOT INCLUDING YOURSELF, HOW MANY PEOPLE DO About 1 in 10 artists support a paid position and/or YOU EMPLOY DIRECTLY IN THE CREATION, PRODUCTION engage volunteers. Full-time artists employ other people OR DELIVERY OF YOUR ARTISTIC WORK?” at a higher rate than part-time artists and hobby artists. A quarter of full-time artists (27 percent) hire at least 7% HIRES AT LEAST ONE PAID EMPLOYEE/STAFF/CONTRACTOR one paid position, and about 1 in 10 (12 percent) 4% ENGAGES AT LEAST ONE UNPAID PERSON (e.g., volunteer, unpaid intern, unpaid apprentice) engage volunteers. 4% BOTH PAID AND UNPAID 85% NONE

creativeMN.org ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEY OF ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS 2017 Creative MN Report 9 SELF-REPORTED ARTISTIC INCOME(1)

Together, Minnesota’s full-time and part-time individual artists and creative workers collected $1.4 billion in artistic income during 2015. This represents 40 percent of their total personal income of $3.8 billion from all sources. Survey respondents reported a statewide average income of $9,893 from their art per artist/creative worker during 2015.

FULL-TIME ARTISTS MAKE, ON AVERAGE, MORE FROM THEIR ART AND MORE OVERALL, THAN PART-TIME ARTISTS

AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE TOTAL ARTISTIC NON-ARTISTIC PERSONAL INCOME INCOME INCOME Full-Time: $30,652 $9,421 $40,073 Part-Time: $4,485 $30,966 $35,451 Hobbyist: $827 $36,013 $36,840 Retired/Student: $5,348 $30,297 $35,645

ALL ARTISTS $9,893 $27,014 $36,907

TOTAL INCOME THAT FULL-TIME PART-TIME COMES FROM THEIR ART 76.5% ARTISTS 23% ARTISTS

AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE TOTAL AVERAGE INCOME BY DISCIPLINE ARTISTIC NON-ARTISTIC PERSONAL (FULL + PART-TIME ONLY) INCOME INCOME INCOME

DESIGN DANCE OTHER MUSICAL/ THEATER PHOTOGRAPHY LITERATURE INTER/MULTI- CRAFTS VISUAL FOLK-LIFE ARTS $16,054 MISC. OPERA $10,797 $9,776 $8,708 DISCIPLINARY $7,813 ARTS TRADITIONAL $20,918 $22,319 $16,670 MUSICAL $22,472 $31,429 $33,718 $8,370 $27,024 $6,150 $4,295 $21,705 = 38,373 $19,167 THEATER = $33,269 = $41,205 = $42,426 $20,720 = $34,837 $28,149 $35,919 = $42,623 = $35,837 $16,480 = $29,090 = $34,298 = $40,215 $27,454 = $43,934

ALL DISCIPLINES $9,893 + $27,014 = $36,907

AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE TOTAL AVERAGE INCOME BY JOB ARTISTIC NON-ARTISTIC PERSONAL (FULL + PART-TIME ONLY) INCOME INCOME INCOME

MUSICIAN DANCER/ ART, COMPOSER OTHER SINGER VISUAL CURATOR CRAFT ACTOR PHOTO- WRITER/ ARTIST $18,225 CHOREO- MUSIC/ $15,342 MISC. $10,033 ARTIST $8,475 ARTIST $7,463 GRAPHER AUTHOR/ $6,537 $29,792 GRAPHER THEATER $23,143 $14,566 $29,977 $8,528 $26,108 $7,625 $25,608 $7,204 EDITOR $25,306 = $48,017 $17,233 DIRECTOR = $38,485 $24,998 = $40,010 $27,913 = $34,583 $32,680 = $33,071 $31,211 $7,167 = $31,843 $16,855 $15,516 = $39,565 = $36,411 = $40,305 = $38,414 $32,192 = $34,088 $21,224 = $39,359 = $36,740 ALL JOBS $9,893 + $27,014 = $36,907

ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEY OF ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS creativeMN.org 10 2017 Creative MN Report ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT(1)

Two-thirds of survey respondents identiﬁed as female, one WOMEN LESS LIKELY TO SAY THEY ARE third as male, and two percent as “other” or did not respond. FULL-TIME ARTISTS AND BOTH WOMEN Men are more likely to identify as “full-time” artists compared AND ARTISTS OF COLOR MAKE LESS to women, as has been reported in other studies nationally.(2) FROM THEIR ART

1412 RESPONSES 688 RESPONSES WOMEN MEN 28 RESPONSES ARTISTS ARTISTS OTHER 24% FULL-TIME ARTIST 31% FULL-TIME ARTIST 25% FULL-TIME ARTIST 44% PART-TIME ARTIST 44% PART-TIME ARTIST 54% PART-TIME ARTIST 28% HOBBY ARTIST 20% HOBBY ARTIST 18% HOBBY ARTIST 4% STUDENT/RETIRED/OTHER 5% STUDENT/RETIRED/OTHER 4% STUDENT/RETIRED/OTHER

AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE WOMEN MAKE ARTISTIC INCOME NON-ARTISTIC INCOME TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME WOMEN LESS FROM ARTISTS $7,782 $21,159 $32,941 THEIR ART MEN ARTISTS $14,198 $30,968 $45,166

AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE ARTISTS OF COLOR ARTISTIC INCOME NON-ARTISTIC INCOME TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME ARTISTS MAKE LESS FROM OF COLOR $8,608 $21,697 $30,304 THEIR ART WHITE ARTISTS $10,397 $28,022 $38,419

ALL ARTISTS $9,893 $27,014 $36,907

NOTE: The survey asked artists to identify their race and ethnicity in an open text box. 82% gave a response that could be classiﬁed as “white,” 10% as a “person of color” and 7% as “other” which matches the demographics of Minnesota’s workforce overall.(4)

creativeMN.org ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEY OF ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS 2017 Creative MN Report 11 ONLY ONE- FOURTH OF ARTISTS WORK ON THEIR ART 24% 42% 25% 2% FULL-TIME FULL-TIME PART-TIME HOBBY OTHER ARTIST ARTIST ARTIST STUDENT OR RETIRED SUPPORTED ENTIRELY PARTIALLY SUPPORTED NO INCOME Note: The majority of “other THROUGH THEIR THROUGH THEIR FROM THEIR responses” said they were CREATIVE WORK CREATIVE WORK CREATIVE WORK either retired or a student.

CREATIVE WORKERS IN DESIGN, THEATER AND MUSIC ARE MORE LIKELY TO WORK FULL-TIME AS ARTISTS

56 RESPONSES 303 RESPONSES 309 RESPONSES 176 RESPONSES DESIGN ARTS MUSIC/ THEATER INTER- OPERA/ DISCIPLINARY MUSICAL /MULTI- THEATER DISCIPLINARY

36% FULL-TIME ARTIST 35% FULL-TIME ARTIST 34% FULL-TIME ARTIST 28% FULL-TIME ARTIST 39% PART-TIME ARTIST 41% PART-TIME ARTIST 43% PART-TIME ARTIST 42% PART-TIME ARTIST 25% HOBBY/STUDENT/ 24% HOBBY/STUDENT/ 23% HOBBY/STUDENT/ 30% HOBBY/STUDENT/ RETIRED/OTHER ARTIST RETIRED/OTHER ARTIST RETIRED/OTHER ARTIST RETIRED/OTHER ARTIST

51 RESPONSES 120 RESPONSES 668 RESPONSES 161 RESPONSES DANCE CRAFTS VISUAL ARTS PHOTOGRAPHY/ MEDIA ARTS

25% FULL-TIME ARTIST 23% FULL-TIME ARTIST 23% FULL-TIME ARTIST 22% FULL-TIME ARTIST 49% PART-TIME ARTIST 33% PART-TIME ARTIST 46% PART-TIME ARTIST 43% PART-TIME ARTIST 26% HOBBY/STUDENT/ 44% HOBBY/STUDENT/ 31% HOBBY/STUDENT/ 35% HOBBY/STUDENT/ RETIRED/OTHER ARTIST RETIRED/OTHER ARTIST RETIRED/OTHER ARTIST RETIRED/OTHER ARTIST

218 RESPONSES 35 RESPONSES LITERATURE FOLK-LIFE / CREATIVE WORKERS TRADITIONAL IN LITERATURE HAD ARTS THE HIGHEST LEVEL

OF PART-TIME ARTISTIC 15% FULL-TIME ARTIST 9% FULL-TIME ARTIST WORK AT 57 PERCENT 57% PART-TIME ARTIST 37% PART-TIME ARTIST 28% HOBBY/STUDENT/ 54% HOBBY/STUDENT/ RETIRED/OTHER ARTIST RETIRED/OTHER ARTIST

ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEY OF ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS creativeMN.org 12 2017 Creative MN Report ARTIST ACCESS TO HEALTH INSURANCE

HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE WHILE WE REJOICE THAT RATE OF THE UNINSURED HAS RISEN DRAMATICALLY AMONG ARTISTS HAS DROPPED, AFFORDABILITY IS AMONG ARTISTS AND CREATIVE STILL AN ISSUE. WORKERS SINCE THE PASSAGE In the past, artists (because of factors like self- OF THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT employment and variable/low incomes) were twice as likely The most dramatic change from our previous survey is that as the general population to be uninsured. The Affordable 95 percent of 2016 survey respondents reported having Care Act brought the uninsured rate for artists closer to health insurance. the national average - about ﬁve percent. That’s the good news. But we also know, through our work with artists In our 2007 study we found 14 percent of artists were getting health insurance and through national reporting uninsured. The uninsured rate has dropped dramatically, and research, that the cost of premiums and deductibles most likely because of the Affordable Care Act (also known as and considerable system navigation challenges are still Obamacare), passed by Congress in 2009. Most frequently, discouraging people from using or getting insurance, artists currently have insurance through an individual plan, meaning that the number of artists (and others) who are which would be expected from a population that is more likely underinsured and therefore not able to access healthcare to own and run a small business. This has jumped up to remains high. In order to make access to healthcare truly 42 percent from 28 percent in 2007. available to everyone, there needs to be a concerted effort around controlling costs and making the system more clear and accessible.”

- Laura Zabel, Executive Director Springboard for the Arts

RESPONSES “DO YOU HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE?” YES, ON MY OWN YES, ON MY OWN YES, THROUGH MY NO THROUGH AN THROUGH AN SPOUSE, PARTNER, OR INSURANCE INDIVIDUAL PLAN EMPLOYER FAMILY

2017 STUDY 2139 42% 29% 25% 5%

2007 STUDY 1047 28% 36% 23% 14%

2017 WHITE PERSON 1756 42% 29% 25% 4%

PERSON OF COLOR 233 43% 33% 17% 7%

OTHER 150 38% 27% 29% 6%

ALL ARTISTS 2139 42% 29% 25% 5%

Note that for this section percentages may add up to more than 100 because participants could select more than one option.

Artists of color in Minnesota are more likely to be uninsured ARTISTS OF COLOR ARE MORE than white artists. Artists of color are more likely than white LIKELY TO BE UNINSURED artists to have insurance through an employer, but less likely to be insured through their spouse or another family member.

creativeMN.org ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEY OF ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS 2017 Creative MN Report 13 1–5 HOURS

ARTISTS VOLUNTEER MUCH MORE 37% 6–10 HOURS 11–20 THAN OTHER MINNESOTANS OR EVEN ZERO 23% HOURS 20+ (5) HOURS HOURS OTHER AMERICANS 15% 12% 12%

MINNESOTA ALL ALL 88% ARTISTS 35% MINNESOTANS 25% AMERICANS

Artists make many generous contributions to our Compared to the responses to our 2007 survey, artists are communities and they deserve to be valued and compensated reporting even more volunteer hours donated than ten years for their time and expertise like any other professionals.” ago. The ﬂip side of the great willingness of artists to volunteer for their communities is that others often take advantage of that – Arleta Little, Arts Program Ofﬁcer good will by not offering adequate compensation for their work. The McKnight Foundation

OTHER DEMOGRAPHICS OF STATEWIDE STATEWIDE (6) ARTIST TOTAL MINNESOTA’S ARTIST WORKFORCE WORKFORCE WORKFORCE

Minnesota’s artist workforce is more likely to be college DISABILITY EDUCATION POVERTY STATUS educated and less likely to HAVE AT LEAST COLLEGE EDUCATION NATIVITY LIVE BELOW 1 DISABILITY OR HIGHER FOREIGN-BORN POVERTY LINE be foreign-born or a person with a disability than the rest 6% 58% 5% 8% of the state’s workforce: 12% 30% 9% 10%

Note: Artist workforce refers to residents who identiﬁed an art profession as their most recent and primary source of income.

ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEY OF ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS creativeMN.org 14 2017 Creative MN Report ARTIST RETIREMENT PLANS

OVER 20% OF OUR MOST SENIOR ARTISTS HAVE NO YES ON MY OWN THROUGH AN INDIVIDUAL PLAN RETIREMENT PLAN ON MY OWN THROUGH AN EMPLOYER Thirty-two percent of individual artists YES in Minnesota have no formal retirement plans. This is a slight improvement from THROUGH MY SPOUSE, PARTNER, OR FAMILY our 2007 results. YES NONE

536 RESPONSES 593 RESPONSES 833 RESPONSES 174 RESPONSES MILLENNIALS GENERATION X BABY BOOMERS ELDER 1981 AND AFTER 1965 TO 1980 1947 TO 1964 1946 AND BEFORE 19% 29% 41% 49% 30% 39% 34% 28% 6% 11% 15% 12% 50% 30% 23% 20%

FULL-TIME ARTISTS ARE MOST LIKELY TO HAVE NO RETIREMENT PLAN

559 RESPONSES 942 RESPONSES 539 RESPONSES 98 RESPONSES FULL-TIME PART-TIME HOBBY STUDENT/ ARTIST ARTIST ARTIST RETIRED OTHER 40% 30% 28% 41% 22% 35% 47% 24% 11% 10% 14% 14% 36% 35% 22% 30%

ARTISTS OF COLOR ARE MOST LIKELY TO HAVE NO RETIREMENT PLAN

1756 RESPONSES 233 RESPONSES 150 RESPONSES WHITE ARTISTS OTHER ARTIST OF COLOR 34% 24% 34% 35% 33% 27% 12% 8% 12% 30% 42% 40%

CHANGE OVER TIME: SLIGHTLY MORE ARTISTS HAVE A RETIREMENT PLAN

2136 RESPONSES TOTAL 2017 ARTISTS 33% 34% 11% 32%

1047 RESPONSES TOTAL 2007 ARTISTS 33% 33% 10% 35%

Note: This section’s percentages may add up to more than 100% because participants could select more than one option.

creativeMN.org ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEY OF ARTISTS AND CREATIVE WORKERS 2017 Creative MN Report 15 SECTION III WHAT ARTISTS GIVE TO COMMUNITIES AND WHAT ARTISTS NEED TO SUCCEED

Our report is informed by three core assumptions about the This report takes a look at cultural ecosystem in Minnesota: the structure, condition and • The arts sector is a network of artists, formal and informal needs of Minnesota’s artist arts organizations, audiences, funders and others who depend upon each other to succeed ecosystem. • The sector’s creative fuel comes from the community of artists working within it To understand the cultural, social and economic impact artists • The sector’s overall health depends upon the health of the have on the state, we need to examine: artist community • Where artists live and work • The many ways artists contribute to our communities • What Minnesota’s artists need to thrive

This brings up an often posed but never adequately answered WHERE (AND WHO) ARE THE ARTISTS? question, namely, who is an artist? Section II of this report We have established that Minnesota is an artist-rich state. has taken a “yes, and” approach to that issue by asking artists It’s important to note, though, that the 104,000 artists and to self-identify. There, we broadly define “artists” along a creative workers documented in Section I only represent those continuum from the hobbyist, to the part-time practitioner, who show up on the economic radar screen as full- or part- to the full-time professional. time workers(1) or self-employed in the U.S. Census. DENSITY This has made it possible for even more artists to thrive in However you define them, Minnesota’s artists and creative places like St. Cloud, Rochester and Bemidji, which have workers are not evenly distributed across the state. particularly high concentrations of artists and creative workers. Like most workers, artists tend to live in places that have the creative infrastructure they depend on to make and These high-density “artist clusters”(2) can be a powerful share their work. These include: fellow artist collaborators, stimulant for community development.(2) The City of audiences and customers, employment opportunities, access Minneapolis has compiled data on creative workers by to training and facilities and much more. Naturally, these location as a part of the Minneapolis Creative Index.(3) That support systems are more likely to reach a critical mass in data shows that the seven Minneapolis zip codes(4) that hug areas with greater population density. This is why the Twin the east and west banks of the Mississippi River are home to Cities is home to 71 percent of the state’s artists and creative 50 percent of the total arts workers counted in the city. Further workers that we’ve identified. It’s important to note, though, west, 32 percent of the counted artists live in the seven zip that over 30,000 artists have established themselves in codes that surround Minneapolis’ Chain of Lakes. Locally communities outside of the metro area. This is likely to be in dense artist communities like these can be a powerful asset. part because the state’s Regional Arts Council system has There are similar creative clusters throughout the state, such provided critical services and significant funding (from the as Grand Marais on the North Shore of Lake Superior and Legacy Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund and other sources) Lanesboro in Southeastern Minnesota. These organic creator to artists and arts organizations in small and midsized enclaves, a result of the work of many individuals, present communities across the state for decades. Several other municipal and regional planners and policy makers with even arts funders, such as the Mcknight, Bush and Jerome more opportunities for leveraging these creative resources in Foundations, have also supported artists across the state. ways that can make a significant economic and social impact.

HOW DO ARTISTS CONTRIBUTE mediate TO OUR COMMUNITIES? provoke praise Artists are often viewed through the lens of their work invent persuade products—the painting, the book, the play and the song. celebrate nurture But when artists are asked to share what drives them they c investigate

ommemor describe a practice driven by a passion to create with a much explore animate broader range of intentions. build advocate

e witness THIS LIST OF WORDS CULLED FROM ARTISTS beautify INTERVIEWS IS AN INTERESTING WAY TO BEGIN at decorate

e EXPLORING WHAT ARTISTS BRING TO OUR anslat tr

heal COMMUNITIES. motivate transcend Some, like entertain, decorate, educate and design, likely ﬁt document many people’s perception of the roles that artists can play in entertain our society. Other words derived from the realms of medicine, educate politics and religion remind us that for most of human history design (and pre-history) artists have had a much more expansive inspire job description that included essential functions like, healer, historian, mediator and spiritual leader.

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