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America's Creative Economy: a Study of Recent Conceptions, Definitions, and Approaches to Measurement Across the USA

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America's Creative Economy: a Study of Recent Conceptions, Definitions, and Approaches to Measurement Across the USA America's Creative Economy: A Study of Recent Conceptions, Definitions, and Approaches to Measurement Across the USA Christine Harris Christine Harris Connections Margaret Collins Center for Creative Economy Dennis Cheek National Creativity Network This project was supported in part or in whole by an award from the Research: Art Works program at the National Endowment for the Arts: Grant# 12-3800-7015. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Office of Research & Analysis or the National Endowment for the Arts. The NEA does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information included in this report and is not responsible for any consequence of its use. AMERICA’S CREATIVE ECONOMY A STUDY OF RECENT CONCEPTIONS, DEFINITIONS, AND APPROACHES TO MEASUREMENT ACROSS THE USA A REPORT FROM THE CREATIVE ECONOMY COALITION (CEC) A WORKING GROUP OF THE NATIONAL CREATIVITY NETWORK CHRISTINE HARRIS MARGARET COLLINS DENNIS CHEEK NATIONAL CREATIVITY NETWORK, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK, IN COLLABORATION WITH CREATIVE ALLIANCE MILWAUKEE, AUGUST 2013 AMERICA’S CREATIVE ECONOMY A STUDY OF RECENT CONCEPTIONS, DEFINITIONS, AND APPROACHES TO MEASUREMENT ACROSS THE USA A Report from the Creative Economy Coalition (CEC), a Working Group of the National Creativity Network ! Oklahoma City, OK: National Creativity Network Reproduction Rights: in collaboration with Creative Alliance Milwaukee, Organizations and individuals may freely August 2013 reproduce this report in whole or in part subject to the following requirements: 1) No copies may be sold, and 2) Excerpts must contain the full Christine Harris, M.Sc. citation of the report as follows: “Reproduced Principal Researcher and Lead Author with permission from America’s Creative Economy: Founder and CEO, Christine Harris Connections A Study of Recent Conceptions, Definitions, and Milwaukee, WI Approaches to Measurement across the USA. www.charrisconnect.com A Report from the Creative Economy Coalition [email protected] (CEC), a Working Group of the National Creativ- ity Network, Christine Harris, Margaret Collins, and Dennis Cheek. Oklahoma City, OK: National Margaret Collins, M.A. Creativity Network in collaboration with Co-Principal Researcher and Co-Author Creative Alliance Milwaukee, August, 2013, Founder and Executive Director, Center for Creative Economy pp. XX – XX.” Winston-Salem, NC www.centerforcreativeeconomy.com We kindly request that organizations that [email protected] reproduce and use the report in some substantial manner send us an email ([email protected]) Dennis Cheek, Ph.D regarding their use in the interests of connecting Co-Author and Editor further with your efforts as well as building a Co-founder and Executive Director, National Creativity Network case for further studies. Feedback on the report Jacksonville, FL itself and leads to emerging creative economy www.nationalcreativitynetwork.org efforts are also welcome. [email protected] Creative Alliance Milwaukee Fiscal Agent www.creativealliancemke.org AMERICA’S CREATIVE ECONOMY ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The National Endowment for the Arts With additional funding from: is the primary funder for this research project. Americans for the Arts www.americansforthearts.org www.arts.gov Maine Center for Creativity www.mainecenterforcreativity.org Massachusetts Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development www.mass.gov/hed/economic/industries/creative/createmass.html North Carolina Arts Council www.ncarts.org South Arts www.southarts.org Cover and Report Design by: Marian Monsen Creative WESTAF Marian Bell, Creative Direction www.westaf.org Jake Stephenson, Graphic Design www.MarianMonsenCreative.com Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation The Creative Economy Coalition gratefully www.inwisconsin.com acknowledges the following individuals for their extensive research and administrative support: Andrew Altsman, Amanda Emma, and Megan Taylor. AMERICA’S CREATIVE ECONOMY iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CEC National Research Advisory Council David Baldwin* Wendy Liscow The Creative Collaborative Ohio Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation ! New Jersey Allen Bell South Arts Jean Maginnis* The Executive Summary and Atlanta, GA Maine Center for Creativity Full Report is available at www.nationalcreativitynetwork.org Regina Chavez* Susan McCalmont* Creative Albuquerque Creative Oklahoma New Mexico Stephanie McGarrah * Members of the Creative Economy Coalition (CEC) of the National Creativity Network Dennis Cheek*+ Labor & Economic Analysis National Creativity Network North Carolina Department of Commerce + Administrative Leadership of CEC Jacksonville, Florida Bryce Merrill Randy Cohen Western States Arts Foundation Americans for the Arts Colorado Washington, DC Deidre Meyers Margaret Collins*+ Policy & Research Center for Creative Economy Oklahoma Department of Commerce North Carolina Elizabeth Murphy* Robert Donnan Creative New Jersey Robert Donnan Consulting North Carolina Dee Schneidman New England Foundation for the Arts Helena Fruscio* Massachusetts Creative Economy Industry Director Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development George Tzougros Massachusetts Wisconsin Arts Board & National Creativity Network Wisconsin Christine Harris*+ Christine Harris Connections Ardath Weaver Wisconsin North Carolina Arts Council -a Division of Cultural Resources Michael Kane Michael Kane Consulting Massachusetts AMERICA’S CREATIVE ECONOMY iv c TABLE OF CONTENTS AMERICA’S CREATIVE ECONOMY: A Study of Recent Conceptions, Definitions, and Approaches to Measurement across the USA s EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................................................1 1 CHAPTER 1: Sampling States and Regions for Working Definitions .........................................................................................................7 2 CHAPTER 2: Details of the Reports in our Sample ...................................................................................................................................... 21 3 CHAPTER 3: Code-based Definitions, Geography, and Industry Segmentation................................................................................... 28 4 CHAPTER 4: Connecting our Study to National Research ......................................................................................................................... 70 5 CHAPTER 5: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 81 R REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 90 A APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 93 APPENDIX I: Research, Methodology and Data Collection ................................................................................................................ 93 APPENDIX II: Profiles of Reports and their Publishers ........................................................................................................................ 94 APPENDIX III: Definitions of NAICS and SOC Codes ..........................................................................................................................104 APPENDIX IV: Compilation of All NAICS Codes Used among Individual Reports in our Sample ..........................................105 APPENDIX V: Compilation of All SOC Codes Used among Individual Reports in our Sample ...............................................127 APPENDIX VI: NAICS, SOC and NTEE Codes Used by Americans for the Arts (AFTA) National and Local Indices ...........140 AMERICA’S CREATIVE ECONOMY v s EXECUTIVE SUMMARY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The Creative Economy Coalition or CEC, a Working Group The research questions were purposely designed to locate of the National Creativity Network, decided to inaugurate and analyze creative economy/industries profiling from 1 How are ‘creative a project that directly led to the creation of this report. those organizations that had articulated a mission to economy/industries’ As organizations charged with responsibility for serving serve their creative communities. Study inclusion criteria the creative economy in their respective regions came required that the research be already completed and currently being defined together starting in 2010 to discuss common issues, available in a published report, rather than any work around the United States challenges and opportunities, they increasingly found in progress. The research team focused on how the by those entities that it difficult to share a common language around both profiling in the respective report could be useful in have articulated a definition and measurement. supporting and growing local creative economy clusters. mission to serve the We were therefore primarily interested in the utility and This research project was designed to profile and analyze applicability of the approaches used rather than a more creative industries? how the creative economy is currently being defined, theoretically grounded academic analysis. The primary segmented
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