The Role of Language in Accusations of Witchcraft in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Spain Eva Mendieta1a Abstract ARTICLE HISTORY: Linguistic factors played a significant role in the origin and spread of accusations of witchcraft in Early Modern Spain. Received June 2017 The preoccupation with witches’ words is at its root a Received in revised form August 2017 preoccupation about the power of speech and, to a great Accepted September 2017 Available online September 2017 extent, of female speech. Studies in some Early European countries have connected aggressive female speech styles with accusations of witchcraft, and this article offers evidence to this effect for Early Modern Spain. The speech of women with ‘ungoverned tongues’ is stigmatized as masculine, and the power it conveys is regarded with suspicion. Rumor, gossip, and reputation also played a key KEYWORDS: role in accusations of witchcraft in these oral societies. Once the accusation is launched, public reputation was often Early Modern Spain adduced as ‘proof’ of culpability. Rooted in the specific Basque studies Witchcraft reality of the northern provinces of Early Modern Spain, this Women and language study shows how assumptions about women’s ‘linguistic Gossip place’, along with certain forms of linguistic performance played a significant role in transforming a woman into a witch. © 2017 IJSCL. All rights reserved. 1 Professor, Email:
[email protected] Tel: +1-219-9806692 a Indiana University Northwest, USA 106 The Role of Language in Accusations of Witchcraft in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Spain 1. Introduction language and different types of linguistic performance played an important role in the he conflict that witches present in Early developments that would lead to and follow Modern societies, from a linguistic accusations of witchcraft in Early Modern T perspective, stems from the power that Spain.