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“Neither here and nor there does water quench our thirst”: Duty, Obedience and Identity in Greek-Australian and Chinese Australian Prose Fiction, 1971-2005 Catalina Ribas Segura ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository is not authorized (framing). Those rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. “Neither here and nor there does water quench our thirst”: Duty, Obedience and Identity in Greek-Australian and Chinese Australian Prose Fiction, 1971-2005 Catalina Ribas Segura Construcció i Representació d´Identitats Culturals Universitat de Barcelona 2013 Directora de tesi: Dra. Susan Ballyn Tutor de tesi: Dr. Rodrigo Andrés Note The quote included in the title comes from Joanna Liakakosʼ poem “The Immigrants” that I quote from the anthology Re-Telling the Tale: Poetry and Prose by Greek- Australian Women Writers, edited by Helen Nickas and Konstandina Dounis in Melbourne by Owl Publishing in 1994. In loving memory of Vin DʼCruz, who showed me the path to understanding some of the complexities of being human. ʻNeither here and nor there does water quench our thristʼ: Duty, Obedience and Idenity in Greek- Australian and Chinese Australian Prose Fiction, 1971-2005 Contents Acknowledgements IX List Of Tables And Figures XI List Of Abbreviations XIII 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. AIMS AND METHODOLOGY 5 1.2. SUITABILITY OF COMPARISON BETWEEN GREEK AND CHINESE MIGRANTS IN AUSTRALIA AND THE CONCEPTS OF ‘DUTY’ AND ‘OBEDIENCE’ 9 1.3. THE NARRATIVES OF MIGRATION, DIASPORA, TRANSNATIONALISM AND RETURN MIGRATION 13 1.4. INTRODUCTION TO GREEK-AUSTRALIAN LITERATURE 19 1.4.1. Phases and genres 22 1.5. INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE AUSTRALIAN LITERATURE 25 1.6. STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY 28 2. AN ANALYSIS OF AUSTRALIAN IMMIGRATION POLICIES 31 2.1. IMMIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA 32 2.1.1. 1788-1850: Invasion, colonization, settlement 32 2.1.2. 1850-1900: The gold rush 37 2.1.3. 1901-1945: From Federation to the end of World War II 40 2.1.4. 1945-1975: The opening up of the country to non-British migrants 50 2.1.5. 1975-2011: From multiculturalism until nowadays 61 2.2. MULTICULTURALISM IN AUSTRALIA: A THEORETICAL APPROACH 74 2.2.1. Multiculturalism: a theoretical approach 74 2.2.2. Multiculturalism in Australia 76 CONCLUSION 83 3. THE CONCEPTS OF ʻDUTYʼ AND ʻOBEDIENCEʼ IN GREEK CULTURE 85 3.1. INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS DURING THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES 88 3.2. DUTY, OBEDIENCE, MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE 100 3.3. DUTY, OBEDIENCE AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 102 3.4. DUTY, OBEDIENCE AND RELIGION 106 3.5. DUTY, OBEDIENCE AND PATRIOTISM 108 3.6. DUTY, OBEDIENCE AND MIGRATION 110 CONCLUSION 118 4. THE CONCEPTS OF ʻDUTYʼ AND ʻOBEDIENCEʼ IN CHINESE CULTURE 121 4.1. INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS DURING THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 123 4.2. FILIAL PIETY, MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE 128 4.3. FILIAL PIETY AND TAKING CARE OF THE ELDERS 131 4.4. FILIAL PIETY AND THE ONE-CHILD POLICY 134 4.5. FILIAL PIETY AND PATRIOTISM 135 4.6. FILIAL PIETY AND MIGRATION 138 CONCLUSION 144 v ʻNeither here and nor there does water quench our thristʼ: Duty, Obedience and Idenity in Greek- Australian and Chinese Australian Prose Fiction, 1971-2005 5. IDENTITY, MIGRATION AND INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS IN AUSTRALIA 147 5.1. CLASS, ETHNICITY AND GENDER 149 5.1.1. Multicultural working class 150 5.1.2. Multicultural middle class 154 5.2. SEXUALITY AND ETHNICITY 156 5.3. RELIGION 161 5.4. LANGUAGE 163 5.5. BELONGING AND THE ETHICS OF LOCATION 165 5.6. IDENTITY 170 5.6.1. The psychocultural continuum 172 5.6.2. The Network Society 179 CONCLUSION 181 6. DUTY, OBEDIENCE AND IDENTITY IN GREEK-AUSTRALIAN PROSE FICTION 183 6.1. EUGENIA TSOULIS 186 6.1.1. Between the Ceiling and the Sky 187 6.2. GEORGE PAPAELLINAS 198 6.2.1. No 198 6.3. JOHN CHARALAMBOUS 203 6.3.1. Furies 204 6.4. ARISTIDES GEORGE PARADISSIS 213 6.4.1. Dragonsleep 214 6.4.2. The Shanghai Chronicles: The Day After Pearl Harbor and Other Stories 218 CONCLUSION 222 7. DUTY, OBEDIENCE AND IDENTITY IN CHINESE AUSTRALIAN PROSE FICTION 229 7.1. ANG CHIN GEOK 232 7.1.1. Wind and Water 232 7.2. HSU-MING TEO 238 7.2.1. Love and Vertigo 238 7.2.2. Behind the Moon 246 7.3. FRANK CHAN LOH 255 7.3.1. When Dining with Tigers 255 CONCLUSION 264 8. CONCLUSIONS 269 8.1. ANALYSIS 273 8.1.1. Premises 274 8.1.2. Questions 279 8.1.3. Strategies 283 8.2. CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE 288 ANNEX: CHRONOLOGY OF HISTORICAL EVENTS IN GREECE AND CHINA INCLUDING THEIR MAIN BILATERAL RELATIONS WITH AUSTRALIA, 1770-2011 291 1. GREECE 292 vi ʻNeither here and nor there does water quench our thristʼ: Duty, Obedience and Idenity in Greek- Australian and Chinese Australian Prose Fiction, 1971-2005 1.1. Ottoman Empire 292 1.2. Greece as an independent country 294 2. CHINA 303 2.1. Imperial China 303 2.2. Post-imperial China 305 WORKS CITED 313 vii ʻNeither here and nor there does water quench our thristʼ: Duty, Obedience and Idenity in Greek- Australian and Chinese Australian Prose Fiction, 1971-2005 Acknowledgements While doing research for my thesis I met wonderful people who influenced me in many ways and whose advice I treasure. Some of them are Dr Vin DʼCruz, Dr Baden Offord, Mr Christopher Mcfarlane, Mr John Ryan, Dr Helen Nickas, Dr Tseen Khoo, Mrs Ada Paradissis and her son Michael, Mr Graeme Bridge, Dr Glen Phillips and his wife Rita. Some of them opened their homes and lives to me, introduced me to many of their friends and beloved ones, and all of them were generous with their time, knowledge and resources and kept in touch when I returned to Spain. Having met them has clearly widened my understanding of the world and it is one of the highlights of this process. Many people have been extremely generous to me over these years: authors who gave me or sent me some of their books, such as Dr David Carter and Dr George Kanarakis, and members of the National Centre for Hellenic Studies and Research at La Trobe University, who donated many books and guided me to the figure of Dr Aristides George Paradissis. I also want to show my appreciation to those who agreed to meet me, such as Dr Konstandina Dounis, MP Maria Vamvakinou and her husband: Dr Michalis S. Michael, and Dr Mabel Lee, as well as to those who replied to my e-mails, such as Dr Ouyang Yu, and to Dr Eugenia Tsoulis, who approved the paper I wrote about her novel. My thanks also go to the Chancellor of the Centre dʼEnsenyament Superior Alberta Giménez (CESAG), who allowed me to take a leave in order to write this thesis. As a member of the staff, I was able to use the interlibrary loan service at the Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB). I want to express my gratitude to all the librarians and secretaries I encountered at various institutions for their professionalism and kindness.
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