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Appendix Catalogue

A-I Classical/“Atlas of Islam” Cartographic Works

A-I-1

Title Date and Location of the Author and/or Mapmaker(s) Work

Ṣūrat al-arḍ (?) Many suggest ca. 232/847. Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad or Rasm al-rubʾ Kratschkovski suggests the al-Khawārizmī (author al-Ma‌ʾmūr (?) period between 221/836 and probably maker of the and 232/847. [The dates original maps). There is still are related to the making of confusion about the identity al-Ma‌ʾmūn’s map, which is of the author (Kratschkovski connected to several authors, mentions the confusion with including al-Khawārizmī]. a fifth-/eleventh-century It is generally believed to author but attributes the have been made in Iraq or manuscript to the third-/ Baghdad. ninth-century Khwārizmī; Tibbets talks about the third-/ ninth-century Khwārizmī; on the other hand, Sezgin contests that, while attributing the manuscript to a fifth-/eleventh-century author, probably the same one mentioned and rejected by Kratschkovski).

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Bibliothèque 428/1037 Municipale et

A-I-1 (cont.)

Universitaire de Strasbourg (Ms. 2447, folios 30b–31a)

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean The map of the Nile River (with the Nile originating from the “moon mountain”) depicting the Delta with a detail of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast.

Notes (Physical and Others) 33.5 by 41 cm (HOC 2) [most probably on paper]. Two folios facing each other cut approximately in half: one for the text, the rest for the map. The map stretches over 2 folios facing each other (30b–31a) under the continuing text (2 separate paragraphs facing each other). There are 4 maps in total in the manuscript. There is no indication of orientation, but the map is drawn from south (right folio) to north (left folio). The sea is framed into a small rectangle; the mainland is not framed and nothing separates it from the text. The sea is drawn in this manuscript in the same way the Black Sea is depicted in relation to the Sea of Azov (folio 47a). When depicting the sea in detail, it seems to suggest a framed angular form. All water is depicted in green; there is no differentiation between the color of the river and the sea (this does not seem to be an established rule in the manuscript since the map of the Sea of Azov seems to include rivers in blue). The color of the mainland is the color of the folio, light brown or dark yellow. Still, seas, including the Mediterranean, are rectangle, a detail that seems to be differentiated according to the way they are colored, with the appearance of shades of green, which probably suggest waves. The Nile Delta is depicted with five rivers ending in the sea (like a small hand). The whole map is constructed according to the traditions of the Islamic mathematical school of cartography, with the illusion of the 7 climes (represented in the map with 4 parallel lines: 4 climes, though the writing only indicates 3 climes, with the ‘equator line’ inscribed in the first line and with the last line inscribed as ‘clime 3’ just south of the Delta; the 4 parallel lines are unequal in their manuscript-distance relation). The style of the map, as with the other maps in the manuscript, belongs to the ‘less-schematic’ tradition of cartography.

Reproductions Harley and Woodward (eds.), History of Cartography, vol. 2 (plate 4) [color]; Kamal, Monumenta, 3:74 [B&W]; Miller, Mappae Arabicae (Weisbaden: L. Reichert, 1986), I-1 (Bild, 1) [transcription]; al-Khawārizmī, Kitab Ṣūrat al-arḍ (plate 3).

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Selected Bibliography Krachkovski, Tārīkh, 1:98–103. Sezgin, The Contribution, 18. G. Tibbets, “The Beginnings of a Cartographic Tradition,” in History of Cartography, ed. Harley and Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 2:90–107, esp. nn 31 and 71.

A-I-2

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Ṣūrat al-arḍ Before 378/988 when he visited Ibn Ḥawqal al-Nāṣibī (author Sicily, the last place he visited and maker of original maps). and mentioned in his work. He used Iraq as a base but traveled throughout the Mediterranean.

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

TKS (A. 3346) 1 Rajab 479/13 October 1086 [Scribe] ʿAlī l-Ḥasan Bundār, fol. 139a: ت ف غ ن ن خ ذ � �م� ��س�� ه�� ا ا � ك�ل��ا � ع��ل ر� � � ب ي� �ل� ن ن ف� � ث ا ث ا ح��س� ب�� د ا ر �ي� �يو�م ا �ل �ل ��ا ت �م��س�ت��ه� �� سن��ة ��س � ل ر ج ب� ع و ن أ ة � � �� س� ب� �ع � ي� � و � ر ب� �ع � �� م � ا ي � � �

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 2 maps of the whole Mediterranean; Mediterranean as part of a world map; 2 maps partially of the Mediterranean (Nile-Delta map; Sham map).

Notes (Physical and Others) 30.5 by 21.5 cm paper. The manuscript includes 139 folios. All maps are colored as follows: the earth is light brown (the color of the paper); the sea

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A-I-2 (cont.) is green; the river is blue; mountains do not have a single color, they are mainly dark green, but sometimes reddish brown (as in the first map of the Mediterranean); the borders of the sea and river are highlighted in red; cities and regions are framed with small angular or curvilinear shapes in black, inscriptions are in color, but they seem to be highlighted in red. The world map is located in folios 3b–4a, preceded in folio 3a by the following sentence: ف ذ � ة ة أ ض ��م�ا � ��ط� ن ��ه�� ه ا �ل ��ق�� ص � ��ج��م�� ا ل� � . ي� ب � و ر و ر � يع ر �

The first map of the Mediterranean occurs in the chapter on the Maghrib and is drawn in three pages: 10a, 10b, and 11a; therefore, the eastern Mediterranean appears to be separate from the rest of the map. The map is titled at the top right corner of folio 10a ة � ذ � �صو ر � ا �ل��م��غ�ر ب� و�ك�� ل�ك )؟( ب��ح�ر ا �لرو�م

The second part was not mentioned in Kramer’s edition (the title is also cut in the middle by the map). The second map of the Mediterranean occurs in the chapter on the Mediterranean (beginning in folio 57a); it is drawn in one folio (58b) and preceded in folio 58a by the following sentence: ف� ن ذ ف ة ة � ن ن ش ن ف ن و �م�ا �� ب��ط� �ه�� ه ا �ل��ص��ح�� صو ر � ب�حر ا �لر و�م و �م�ا ع��لي �ه �م� �وا �ح�ي��ه��م و �� ك��ل�ه ب��س�ه و �إ� ي � أ � �� ت ق � � ث ت ن ت ة ف� ة � � ف� ن ت ة �ك��ن�� س��ت�ه ��ع��لى ��م�ا � ��ب�� ب�ه �م�� الا ��س��ط�ا �ل�� ي� �صو ر� ا ل��م��غ�ر ب� ��هو �م�� الا ��س��د ا ر� ذ ش � ع��لى �ه�� ا ا �ل��ك�ل we already read in folio 57a: أ أ ث ذ ذ � ت ذ خ ن ذ و ��س�� ص� � �ل�ك ب�� ك�ر ب�حر ا �لر و�م و ��صو�ره. �إ � �هو ��ل��ي��ج �م� ا �ل�ب��ح�ر ا �ل��م��ح�ي��ط ع��لي �ه ��ك��ر ��ه�� ه ل أ ي � � أ � �� ث ت �ع � ت ق ل � �ل�خ � ة ذ � ش �ش�� ه � � �ة ا ل�د ��ي�ا ر و ��ق�د � �� ب�� ب�ه ى ا �ل��ر �ي� ب� ا ��ع��لى ا ��لي��ق�� ا � ب��ع��ض�ه � �� ب��ه ي� ��ب�ا ل�د ا ي ر ا ل��م��ح��

The chapter on the Maghrib has a map description that includes all non-Maghribi Mediterranean regions, whereas the geographic text includes only the Maghrib: Kramers has copied the inscriptions of the map separately in a text published with a different type, to enrich Ibn Ḥawqal’s text. The main questions are, (1) Were these

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Kramers (Kramers, “La Question”) considered TKS A.3346 one of the “most complete” representatives of Ibn Ḥawqal’s manuscripts (or “Ibn Ḥawqal I”): the maps of the western parts, including the Mediterranean “s’approchent beaucoup plus de la realite geographique que celles de son predecesseur. La partie orientale de l’Islam, au contraire, suit beaucoup plus fidèlement les anciennes formes. Les cartes confirment donc qu’Ibn Hawqal était plutôt spécialiste pour l’occident.” Later (p. 23) he added that Ibn Ḥawqal made “remarquables corrections” for the map of the Mediterranean. This last conclusion seems to have been taken up later by Tibbets: The impression one gets of Ibn Hawqal’s maps of western Islam is that they are the work of someone who has been there and knows what he is portraying but is working within a traditional cartographic style and does not wish to depart too from it. With regard to the way the coasts of the Mediterranean are drawn, Kramers suggests, “sous l’influence de la tradition de Ptolemee,” especially as Ibn Ḥawqal’s references to Ptolemy increased in this manuscript. Also in later manuscripts (“Ibn Ḥawqal III” or TKS 3347 and BNF arabe 2214) the “map of the Maghrib” was preserved and relocated as the “map of the Mediterranean.”

Reproductions Ṣūrat al-arḍ, 1:8, 66, 136, 166, and 193; Kamal, Monumenta, 3:262–266 (B&W); Kramers, “La Question,” 25–30.

Selected Bibliography Miguel, “Ibn Ḥawqal,” EI2. Kramers, “La Question,” 17–20, n. 1. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” History of Cartography, ed. Harley and Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 38. Tibbets, “The Beginnings of a Cartographic Tradition,” 2:120.

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A-I-3

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī l-Fārisī (author and wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran mapmaker)

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Gotha Arabe 1521 569 /1173; unknown Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate p. 24, western Mediterranean (Maghrib), and in world map.

Notes (Physical and Others) The earliest known manuscript of Kitāb al-Masālik wa-l-mamālik; Tibbets suggests that it is a “later abridgment”; includes 20 maps (except for the Arabian Peninsula map); small colored fortification-like symbols are used to suggest cities; itineraries are emphasized by lines; major cities are distinguished with large double or single circles or half circles; islands are represented as circles.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:177.

Selected Bibliography Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 7.

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A-I-4

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī l-Fārisī (author and wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran mapmaker)

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

BNF, Persan 355 580/1185 Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean (Maghrib), and Syria.

Notes (Physical and Others) Similar to A-I-3 except for the representation of cities: circles instead of fortification- like symbols.

Reproductions Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Islam-Atlas Nr. IV, Fig. III-2.

Selected Bibliography Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Islam-Atlas Nr. IV, Fig. III-2; Miller, Arabishe Welt, 18.

A-I-5

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī l-Fārisī (author and wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran mapmaker)

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Leiden Arabe 1702 589/1193 Unknown

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A-I-5 (cont.)

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean (Maghrib), and in world map

Notes (Physical and Others) Tibbets mentions this manuscript as being made in 568/1173, probably confusing it with A-I-3 (now in Gotha); Kamal mentions this manuscript as being different from A-I-3 and dating it to 589/1193 instead; Tibbets says there are “18 good maps”; Tibbets describes the manuscript as very similar to A-I-3; maps show similarities with A-I-4: double rounded symbols to suggest the cities but with “hairy” outer circles, major cities in double circles, islands in circles.

Reproductions Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Islam-Atlas Nr. IV, Fig. III-2. Kamal, Monumenta, 3:170.

Selected Bibliography Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Islam-Atlas Nr. IV, Fig. III-2. Kamal, Monumenta, 3:170. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 19.

A-I-6

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Abridged Ṣūrat Probably seventh/ Anonymous al-arḍ thirteenth century

Ms Collection Ms Production Date Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) and Location

Suleymaniye Library, ca. 596/1200 Unknown Aya Sofia, 2934

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, world map, Egypt-Delta.

Notes (Physical and Others) Stylistically the maps are more schematic than their A-I-2 models.

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Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 4:62–66.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 4:62–66. Tibbets, “Later Cartographic Developments,” in History of Cartography, ed. Harley and Woodward (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 2:137–139.

A-I-7

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Al-Bīrūnī, Kitāb al-Tafhīm Between the end of the al-Bīrūnī as author, li-awāʾil ṣināʿat al-tanjīm. fourth/tenth century and although not clear if he was middle fifth/eleventh the mapmaker. century. Uzbekistan and Iran. Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location Berlin Landberg 631 635/1238 Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean World map of seas.

Notes (Physical and Others) Schematic representation of the map of seas, yet with rounded outlines; Mediterranean to the lower right part with two parts: a sea in front of the Maghrib mainland and another smaller part called Baḥr al-Shām; both parts of the Mediterranean are open to the Atlantic Ocean.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:345.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:345. Tibbets, “Later Cartographic,” 2:141–142.

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A-I-8

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb Aḥsan al-taqāsīm Made over a period of al-Muqaddasī as author and fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm time until the 380s/990s; mapmaker he traveled extensively, including in the Mediterranean

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Suleymaniye Library, Aya 658/1260 Unknown Sofia 2971b

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Egypt-Delta, and western Mediterranean (Maghrib).

Notes (Physical and Others) Earliest known manuscript of Kitāb Aḥsan al-taqāsīm; highly schematic as suggested by al-Muqaddasī (“sādhaj”).

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:285–286.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:285–286.

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A-I-9

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī (mistaken as wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran al-Khawārizmī in this particular manuscript)

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Topkapi Sarayi (TKS), Dhū l-Qaʿda 684/January Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Shāfiʿī Koshk (Arabic) 3348 1286; made in Cairo (Bāb l-Miṣrī al-Qanṭara)

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean, and in world map.

Notes (Physical and Others) Tibbets says that it is similar to A-I-3; it has 21 maps; the fortification-like symbols for cities are more elaborate; the drawing of the sea is more representative than A-I-3; the major cities are highlighted by larger fortifications-like symbols. Colophon: ن � غ ن ة ة ذ ة ة أ ك�ا ا �ل��ف� ا � م� ن ��س�� خ�ه �ع�ش�� م ا �ل�م��ع�� م� ن ث��ل� ث ��ق�� ن � م� ن � � ا �ل��ق��ع�د � ��س ن�� ب و � ر � � ي يو ج � � ب ي � � ي� ر � ع ة ة ة ت ث��م�ا ن�� ن ��س�ت��م�ا ��ي�� م� ن ا ��له��ج� � ا �ل�ن�� ي�� ك��ه ا �ل�ع��ب�د ا �ل��ف��ق�� ا ل ا �ل��ل�ه ا � �ل��غ ن� ��ب�ه حم��م�د � ن و ي� و � � � � ر بو� … ب � ير ى ي� � ب � ف ذ ذ ة ة ة � � ا �ه��ي� ا �ل��ش�ا �� ا �ل�� م�� ه� ا �ل�� م��ص� � � � �� م�د �� ن�� م��ص� ا �ل�� م��ح� ��س�� ب�ا ا �ل��ق��ن��ط� � إ ب ر � �م عي� � ب� � � ر ي�… و ل�ك ب � ي � ر � ر و ب � ب� ر

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:182.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:182. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” appendix 5.1, no. 17.

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A-I-10

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Abridged Ṣūrat al-arḍ First of half of the fourth/ Ibn Ḥawqal tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

TKS, Koshk (Arabic), 3347 ca. 700/1300 Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean In world map.

Notes (Physical and Others) Oval world map with indications of the 7 climes; northern Europe is surrounded by sea.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 4:67.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 4:67. Tibbets, “Later Cartographic,” 2:137–139.

A-I-11

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī wa-l-mamālik tenth century Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Gotha Persan 36 ca. 700/1300 Unknown

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Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean, and in world map.

Notes (Physical and Others) Map of the Mediterranean has toponyms listed along the coastline rather than the mainland (from Tinnīs to the Syrian coast); city symbols are small colored circles; major cities are not highlighted with large circles.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:196–198.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:196–198.

A-I-12

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Ṣūrat al-arḍ First of half of the fourth/ Ibn Ḥawqal tenth century; Iraq/Iran Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location Suleymaniye Library, ca. 751/1350 Unknown Aya Sofia 2577

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean In world map, western Mediterranean, and Egypt-Delta.

Notes (Physical and Others) The most schematic representations of Ṣūrat al-arḍ.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:267–270.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:267–270. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” appendix 5.1, no. 37.

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A-I-13

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī First of half of the fourth/ al-Muqaddasī maʿrifat al-aqālīm tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

BM, Or. 8349 eighth/fourteenth century Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean World map of seas.

Notes (Physical and Others) Even more schematic representation of the world seas map than A-I-7, with rectilinear outlines; unlike A-I-7 the Mediterranean is one single sea separated from the Indian Ocean by a small opening inscribed with “al-Zuqāq”; the Mediterranean is still in the shape of a heart suggesting two parts, but this time inscribed with “Baḥr al-Shām” and “Baḥr Nīṭis” (Black Sea).

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:345. Tibbets, “Later Cartographic,” vol. 2, Fig. 6.4.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:345. Tibbets, “Later Cartographic,” 2:141–142.

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A-I-14

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Suleymaniye Library, Aya ca. 800/1400 Sofia 3156

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean, and in world map.

Notes (Physical and Others) Persian copy; the circular symbols representing cities are distinguished by slight decoration, making them look like roses; major cities are not distinguished with larger circles; the island of Sicily is absent in the map of the Maghrib; mountains appear in a perfect triangular form decorated with three layers of colors.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:191–193.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:191–193. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 12.

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A-I-15

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

TKS, Kosh A 1646 ca. 800/1400 Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Western Mediterranean

Notes (Physical and Others) Tibbets mentions a different date than Kamal (ca. 1075/1664); in design and style (including the rose-like symbols representing the cities and the representation of mountains) is similar to A-I-14.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:205.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:205. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 14.

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A-I-16

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī First of half of the fourth/ al-Muqaddasī maʿrifat al-aqālīm tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Bodleian Library, Or. 281 803/1400 Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean World map of seas.

Notes (Physical and Others) The style of the map, especially the rounded outlines, recalls A-I-13, yet this is more schematic; Mediterranean is rounded into one single sea as a half circle, but open to the Atlantic Ocean.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:345.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:345. Tibbets, “Later Cartographic,” 2:141–142.

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A-I-17

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī First of half of the fourth/ al-Muqaddasī maʿrifat al-aqālīm tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Berlin, Petermann 67 833/1430 Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean World map of seas.

Notes (Physical and Others) Much closer in style and shape to A-I-13, but the Gibraltar Strait is totally closed to the Atlantic Ocean.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:345.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:345. Tibbets, “Later Cartographic,” in 2:141–142.

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A-I-18

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Abridged Ṣūrat al-arḍ First of half of the fourth/ Ibn Ḥawqal tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

BNF Arabe 2214 849/1445 Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Maghrib-Mediterranean, Delta-Nile, in World Map.

Notes (Physical and Others) 2 world maps, one following the earlier oval models, and another incomplete map include the 7 climes and seem to be more circular (yet only the southern half of the map is drawn); the map of the Maghib-Mediterranean is actually less schematic than the earlier A-I-6, and expresses more cartographic details, but with a sense of incompleteness or an informal style; the Maghrib-Mediterranean map has more textual information than A-I-6; 2 maps of the Delta-Nile: one following the earlier representations of the abridged Ṣūrat al-arḍ, but a second one that is closer to the maps of the mathematical school such as in A-I-1.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 4:68–74.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 4:68–74. Tibbets, “Later Cartographic,” 2:137–139.

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A-I-19

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Suleymaniye Library, Aya ca. 850/1450 Unknown Sofia (Arabic) 2971a

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean, and in world map.

Notes (Physical and Others) Probably one of the most schematic representations: mostly slender outline with very little effort at cartographic and geographic details; yet it is very eloquent and formal; the Mediterranean is more elongated than previous maps.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:185–187.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:185–187. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 11.

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A-I-20

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Topkapi Sarayi, Koshk, Beginning of Ṣafar 867/end Unknown Arabic 3012 of October or beginning of November 1462

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean, Egypt, and Syria.

Notes (Physical and Others) Colophon folio 212: ف غ ن ف ة ا � ق ا �ل��ف� ا �م� ن ��س�� خ�ه � �م��س�ت��ه� �ش��ه� �ص��ف� ا �ل��خ�� م� ن �ش��ه ��سن�� س�� ست�� ن و � ر � � ي� � ل � ر � ر ير � � و ر بع و ي � و ث ن ة ��م�ا � �م�ا ��ي�� There is no mention of the scribe or location; the color of the sea of the world map is blue, whereas it is green in the rest of the maps (where blue represents sweet water); in the map of the Maghrib, the southern part of North Africa (south of Tāhart) is colored brown and the cities are framed in rectangles as opposed to the heart-like frames of the rest of the cities; in the map of the Maghrib, islands are not framed in circles and the islands from the Levant (“Iqrīṭish” and “Qibris”) are represented here rather than in the map of the Mediterranean; in the map of the Maghrib, Mahdiyya is represented, somewhat unusually, as a peninsula; the map of Egypt has two mountains colored in red, similar to the red of A-I-19 and A-I-21; in the map of the Mediterranean, there is a map of the Maghrib (brownish area suggesting sub-Saharan Africa); the map of the Mediterranean is not as schematized as the earlier maps: the islands are not lined up, rather they are spread in an arbitrary manner (“Jabal al-Qilāl” is located in front of Constantinople), the shape of the Mediterranean coasts are not the same, instead the outlines of the European coasts are more rounded than those of the African coasts and the Strait of Gibraltar is elongated to the coasts of “Ifranja” with a rectilinear outline of the Iberian coast.

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A-I-20 (cont.)

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:188.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:188. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 16.

A-I-21

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Topkapi Sarayi, Koshk, 878/1473–74 Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad al-Sītānī (?) Arabic 3349

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean, Egypt, Syria, and in world map.

Notes (Physical and Others) Colophon folio 156: ذ ت أ ف ن ��ح� ه ا �ل��ف�� ا �ل�� م�� ن�� ا �ل�� ح�� ا ا ل ح�� ة ا � ل�ه �� ا ل � � ا �ه��ي� � ن � ح�� د �� ه ؟ ا �ل �س��ا � ر ر ق ير � ب� �م�� ت ج� ى ر م ل�� ع ى إ ب ر � �م ب � م ق ) ( � ي ت ي� ف� ن ة )؟( … �ي� ��س�� ٨٧٨ It is very similar to A-I-19; highly schematic and very few colors: red is the distinctive color

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:188.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:188. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 18.

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A-I-22

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb Aḥsan al-taqāsīm First of half of the fourth/ al-Muqaddasī tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Berlin Sprenger 5 ca. 900/1494

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean, and Egypt-Delta.

Notes (Physical and Others) Tibbets states that the “text of 375/985…[has] … 19 maps”; this is as schematic as previous maps; map of the Mediterranean with Tanas and Majjāna marking the end of the elongated Strait of Gibraltar, Iskandarūna and Anṭākiya are marked as the “mashriq” and “shamāl” end points; the 3 islands (“Qibris”, “Iqrīṭish”, and “Iṣqila” sic.) are lined up; the Delta-Nile faces “Ifranja.”

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:288–290.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:288–290. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 45.

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A-I-23

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Vienna Library 1271 tenth/sixteenth century Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean, Egypt, Syria, and in world map.

Notes (Physical and Others) Tibbets “complete set of maps”; the most schematic representations of geographic outlines: usually symmetric coastlines either in rectilinear forms (Maghrib and Nile) or curvilinear forms (Mediterranean); yet within these schematic cartographic frames, figural painting and other pictorial elements (trees, mountains, birds, etc.) are borrowed directly from the motifs of Persian painting.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 3:201–203.

Selected Bibliography Kamal, Monumenta, 3:201–203. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 34.

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A-I-24

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

TKS A 2830 1000/1591–92 Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separate, western Mediterranean, Egypt, Syria, and in world map.

Notes (Physical and Others) Colophon folio 149a: ن ق � ن � ة ف غ ة ة ذ ذ م �� ل��ت�ه �م� ن ��س��خ�� ا ��ي�� ا �ل��ص��ح�� و ا �ل��س�د ا د ا �ل��ع��م� ا �ل��ص��ح�� ك� ا �ل��ل�ه و ��ح�د ه و � ك� ح��م�د ن � ي � ل يح ر ر ��ب��ي�ه ٠٠٠١ a more embellished and colorful version (blue, illuminated illustrations) of A-I-19 and A-I-21 (same areas colored with red including the 2 parallel mountains of the map of Egypt and same cartographic outlines); chapter headings, illumination, and frames point to a close relation to high quality manuscript production in the contemporary Persian context, including Qur’an manuscripts and Illustrated manuscripts.

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 15.

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A-I-25

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Kitāb al-Masālik First of half of the fourth/ al-Iṣṭakhrī wa-l-mamālik tenth century; Iraq/Iran

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Hamburg’s University 1044 [1086 in Tibbets]. Unknown Library Cod. Or. 300

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean Separately, western Mediterranean, Egypt, and Syria.

Notes (Physical and Others) Mediterranean with the circular pattern, yet the islands are not lined up as in prior maps; the rest of the maps fall in the same traditional style.

Reproductions Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Islam-Atlas Nr. IV, Fig. I-1, III-5.

Selected Bibliography Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Islam-Atlas Nr. IV, Fig. I-1, III-5. Tibbets, “The Balkhī School,” vol. 2, appendix 5.1, no. 9.

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A-II Idrisian Cartographic Works

A-II-1

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Uns al-muhaj wa-rawḍ After 548/1154; Sicily Al-Idrīsī wrote the text, but it al-faraj was most probably based on texts collected in Roger II’s court; he was probably not the cartographer. There was likely a team of cartographers in Roger II’s court who prepared the map model on which the sectional maps in Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-afāq were based.

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Suleymaniye Library, 20 Ṣafar 588/6 March 1192 Unknown Hekimoğlu 688

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 1 climate map and 73 sectional maps; the maps that deal with the Mediterranean area cover climes 3, 4, and 5 from sections 1 to 5.

Notes (Physical and Others) Colophon folio 326: ت ذ ت � ض � ن ة ذ أ � ��م�ا �م ��ه�� ن ا �ل� ز ئ�� ن ��م�ا � م �ك��ت�ا � � ا �ل��ف� � ز ��ه�� ا �ل��مه�� ا �ل�� ل��ف�ه حم��م�د � ن حم��م�د � ن و ي � ج � ي� ب ر و � ر ج� و � � ج� ي� ب � ب� أ � غ ف أ �ع��ب�د ا �ل��ل�ه � ن ا د ��ي�� ا �ل�ح��س�� ن� ا �ل��ع�ا ل ��ب�� م ا �ل��ل�ه ا �ش��ت��م� ا �ل��ف� ا ع��ل��ي�ه � ا �ل�ع��ش� ا ل� ��س�ط � ب � ر � س ي ي� ي� � ر و ل ر � � ي� ر و ن ش � ن ة ث ن ث ن ن خ� �م�� ه�ر �ص��ف�ر ��س�� م�ا � و ��م�ا ��ي�� و �م��س��م�ا ��ي�ه This is the earliest dated manuscript attributed to al-Idrīsī, yet it is not his earliest work; the style establishes direct connections with the “atlas of Islam” school, notably the Ḥawqalian style, rather than the style that survives in most of the manuscripts of Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-afāq. As noted in its introduction, this book is a summary of al-Idrīsī’s main work, that is, Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-afāq, with

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A-II-1 (cont.) more compact text and maps that allowed the maker to associate maps with texts in the same folios rather than the format used consistently in the manuscrtips of Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-afāq, where maps are usually located in two separate folios; this manuscript was copied a few years later (A-II-2).

Reproductions al-Idrīsī, Uns al-muhaj wa-rawḍ al-faraj, ed. Sezgin (326 folios). Kamal, Monumenta, 4:226–227.

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography,” 2:163–167, appendix 7.1, p. 174. al-Idrīsī, Uns al-muhaj wa-rawḍ al-faraj, ed. Sezgin (introduction).

A-II-2

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Uns al-muhaj wa-rawḍ After 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī al-faraj

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Suleymaniye Library, H. Shawwāl 594/August 1198 Muḥammad Mahdī Husnu 1289 (Mashhad, Iran?).

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 1 climate map and 73 sectional maps, thus the maps dealing with the Mediterranean area (climes 3, 4, and 5 from sections 1 to 5).

Notes (Physical and Others) Colophon folio 244: ذ ت � ض � ن ة ذ أ � ��ت��م�ا �م ��ه�� ن ا �ل� ز ئ�� ن ��م�ا � م �ك��ت�ا � � ا �ل��ف� � ز ��ه�� ا �ل��مه�� ا �ل�� ل��ف�ه حم��م�د � ن �ع��ب�د و ب ي � ج � ي� ب ر و � ر ج� و � � ج� ي� ب � � أ � غ ف أ ا �ل��ل�ه � ن ا د ��ي�� ا �ل�ح��س�� ن� ا �ل��ع�ا ل ��ب�� م ا �ل��ل�ه ا �ش��ت��م� ا �ل��ف� ا ع��ل��ي�ه � ا �ل�ع��ش� ا ل� ��س�ط �م� ن ب � ر � س ي ي� ي� � ر و ل ر � � ي� ر و � ن خ غ ت �ش�� ه� �ص��ف� ��سن��ة ث�� م�ا ث�� م�ا ن� ن �م �س�� م�ا �� ة ا ت��ف�� ق ا �ل��ف� ا �م� ن � �س �� د ه � ر � ر � � و � ��ي� و � � �ي و � ر� � � و�ي

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Reproductions al-Idrīsī, Uns al-muhaj wa-rawḍ al-faraj, ed. Sezgin (244 folios).

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:163–167, appendix 7.1, p. 174. al-Idrīsī, Uns al-muhaj wa-rawḍ al-faraj, ed. Sezgin (introduction).

A-II-3

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī Began in 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

BNF (A. 2222) 744/1344 (Almeria, Spain) Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean No maps

Notes (Physical and Others) This is the earliest dated manuscript of Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-afāq; but it does not have maps; the two folios usually reserved for maps are absent, though the phrase pointing to each sectional map “this is section x of clime y …” is present at the beginning of each chapter.

Reproductions Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Band 1, Heft 2

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-4

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī After 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Cairo, Dār al-Kutub (Vs. 748/1348 Uknown 167)

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean No maps dealing with the Mediterranean coasts.

Notes (Physical and Others) 1 world map and 19 sectional maps: incomplete cartography and text; the most schematic representations of Idrisian cartography.

Reproductions Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Band IV.

Selected Bibliography Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Band IV. Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-5

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī After 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

BNF (A. 2221). Early eighth/fourteenth Unknown century?; the Maghrib

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 1 climate map and 68 sectional maps; the maps dealing with the Mediterranean area cover climes 3, 4, and 5 from sections 1 to 5.

Notes (Physical and Others) This consists of 1 world map and 68 sectional maps: incomplete cartography and complete text; usually considered to be the earliest surviving manuscript of Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-afāq yet it is undated; the style seems to be the most genuine because it is the least schematic. The paper feels also older, and this necessitated many reparations over the years. The Maghribi script suggests that it was made in the Maghrib; this seems to be the model that set the standard for most of the manuscripts of the Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-afāq: namely, blue for seas, and a wide variety of colors were used to identify the series of elongated mountains and the circles pointing to the cities that fill the foreground of the maps.

Reproductions Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Band IV. Kamal, Monumenta, 4:129–143.

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-6

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī After 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Suleymaniye Library, Aya Early eighth/fourteenth Unknown Sophia 3502 century (Maqbul’s date); Maghrib

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 30 sectional maps: incomplete cartography and text; clime 3, from section 1 to 5 are covered in the surviving maps.

Notes (Physical and Others) 30 sectional maps: incomplete cartography and text. The Maghribi script suggests a Maghribi origin. It is close in style to A-II-5, but it has a less illuminated appearance, notably when depicting the roses that identify the cities; by contrast, more colors are used in the depictions of the mountains.

Reproductions Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Band IV. Kamal, Monumenta, 4:144–145.

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-7

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī After 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

St. Petersburg Early eighth/fourteenth Unknown (A. 4, 1, 64). century? (Maqbul’s dating).

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 38 sectional maps: incomplete cartography and text; maps covering climes 4 and 5, sections from 1 to 5.

Notes (Physical and Others) 38 sectional maps: incomplete cartography and text.

Reproductions Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Band IV.

Selected Bibliography Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Band IV. Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-8

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī After 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

London-India Office Early eighth/fourteenth Unknown (A. 617). century? (Maqbul’s dating).

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean No maps.

Notes (Physical and Others) There are no maps and the text is incomplete. It is a supplement to Ibn al-Faqīh’s Kitāb al-Buldān. It is similar to A-II-3.

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-9

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Masālik al-abṣār fī Before 749/1349; Egypt and al-ʿUmarī b. Faḍlallāh was the mamālik al-amṣār Syria. author, but was probably not a cartographer

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Istanbul-Topkapi (Ms. First half of eighth/ Unknown 2797). fourteenth century

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean In world map, and two sectional maps.

Notes (Physical and Others) 1 world map and 2 sectional maps; the world map is different, in that it combines a tradition that relates to mathematical cartography (but the cartographer clearly had little knowledge of what he was doing) and some Idrisian features, including the style and depiction of the Mediterranean. Al-ʿUmarī’s geographic text is a summary of the Idrisian text; the sectional maps are also summaries, since they include more than one Idrisian sectional map in each sectional map.

Reproductions al-ʿUmarī, Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār, ed. Sezgin, 1:292–293, 320–321, and 342–343.

Selected Bibliography al-ʿUmarī, Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār, ed. Sezgin (introduction).

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A-II-10

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Uns al-muhaj wa-rawḍ After 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī al-faraj

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Suleymaniye Library Ali eighth/fourteenth century? Unknown Pasha 688

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 1 climate map and 73 sectional maps, thus, the maps dealing with the Mediterranean area cover climes 3, 4, and 5 from sections 1 to 5.

Notes (Physical and Others) 1 climate map and 73 sectional maps; similar to A-II-1 and A-II-2.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 4:226–227.

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-11

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Muqaddima The Muqaddima was Ibn Khaldūn written over the period from the 770s/1370s to 800s/1400s; Maghrib and Egypt.

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Istabul-Atef Effendi (Ms. 24 Shaʿbān 804/29 April Muḥammad b. Yūsuf 1936) 1402; Egypt. al-Isfijābī

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean In a world map.

Notes (Physical and Others) This is the earliest dated Idrisian world map characterized by the specific style of the Idrisian world map.

Reproductions Ibn Khaldūn, The Muqaddimah, trans. Rosenthal. Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” Fig. 7.21.

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 170.

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A-II-12

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī Began in 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Bodleian Library, Pococke 860/1456 (Cairo). ʿAlī b. Ḥasan al-Qāsimī 375

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 1 climate map and 69 sectional maps, thus, the maps dealing with the Mediterranean area cover climes 3, 4, and 5 from sections 1 to 5.

Notes (Physical and Others) 1 world map and 69 sectional maps: incomplete cartography and complete text; naskhī script most probably not made in the Maghrib.

Reproductions Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Band IV. Kamal, Monumenta, 4:152–153.

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-13

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī Began in 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Suleymaniye Library, 873/1469 ʿAlī b. Ḥasan al-ʿAjamī Koprulu (Ms. 955).

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 1 climate map and 70 sectional maps, thus, the maps dealing with the Mediterranean area cover climes 3, 4, and 5 from sections 1 to 5.

Notes (Physical and Others) 1 world map and 70 sectional maps: complete cartography and text; naskhī script suggests another non-Maghribi copy: similar to A-II-12.

Reproductions Miller, Mappae Arabicae, Band IV. Kamal, Monumenta, 4:150.

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-14

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī Began in 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

BNF (A. 2223). 5 Shaʿbān 944/7 January ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Muḥammad 1538 b. ʿAbd al-Qādir (“one of the (Nāblus, Palestine). shaykhs of Jabal Nāblus”)

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean No maps.

Notes (Physical and Others) Colophon in folio 100a: ن أ � ز � � ف� � � ح � � � ��ج�� ا �ل�ك��ت�ا ب� ��ع��لى ��ي�د � ��ق�ر �ع��ب�ا د ا �ل��ل�ه ا �ل��ي�ه و ا ر ج��ا ��ه��م �لر �م��ت�ه �يو�م ا �ل��ق�د و�م ع��ل��ي�ه �ع��ب�د ف غ ف ا �ل�� ا د � ن حم�� د � ن �ع�� د ا �ل�� ا د ا �� د � م�� ا �خ �� ا �ل ا � ق ا �ل��ف� ا � �م�� ه � � � ق ر ب � م ب � �ب ق ر ح ش ي ج �بل ن ب�� س … و � ر � ن ي� يو م ن � ة ت ة الا ��ح�د ا �ل��م��ب�ا ك ��خ�ا �م�� ش��ه� �ش��ع��ب�ا ا �ل�� ك�م� �م �م� ن �ش��ه ��سن�� ا ��ب ا ��ع�� ن ��س �م�ا ��ي�� ر س � ر � � ر � �و ر ر�ع و ر ب ي� و ع � similar to A-II-3

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-15

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī Began in 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Sofia-National Library (Or. 963/1556 (Cairo). Muḥammad b. ʿAlī l-Ajhūrī 3198) l-Shāfʿī

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 1 climate map and 69 sectional maps, thus, the maps dealing with the Mediterranean area cover climes 3, 4, and 5 from sections 1 to 5.

Notes (Physical and Others) 1 world map and 69 sectional maps. Incomplete cartography and text.

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-16

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī Began in 548/1154; Sicily al-Idrīsī ikhtirāq al-afāq

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Bodleian Library End tenth/sixteenth Unknown (Greaves 42). century?

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean 1 world map and 30 sectional maps: incomplete cartography and text: covering the Mediterranean only in clime 3 (sections 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5).

Notes (Physical and Others) 1 world map and 30 sectional maps: incomplete cartography and text. آ أ � نز ة ش ت ق ف� � ت ق � ق ن ذ ف� � ن ف�ق ب��ك��ت�ا ب� �� ه�� ا �ل��م��ا � �� ا ��خ��ر ا � ال� ��ف�ا �.. � � �ل�ك �� ا �ل�ع��ش�ر ال�وا��ي�ل �م�� ؟؟؟ ا �ل��موا �� ف ي أ ي � ش � ش � � � ن � ن ة ث ن ن خ� ة ل��ه�ر ا ل��وا ل ا ل�ك�اي � �ي� ��س�� م�ا � و � ر ب��ع�ي�� و �م��س��م�ا ��ي�� Maghribi script suggesting a Maghribi origin; similar to earlier Maghribi manuscripts.

Reproductions Kamal, Monumenta, 4:148–149.

Selected Bibliography Maqbul, “Cartography of al-Sharīf,” 2:173–174, appendix 7.1.

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A-II-17

Title Date and Location Author and/or Mapmaker(s)

Muqaddima The Muqaddima was Ibn Khaldūn written over the period from the 770s/1370s to 800s/1400s; Maghrib and Egypt.

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Cairo (Talʿat 2106) tenth/sixteenth century Unknown

Maps dealing with the Mediterranean In world map

Notes (Physical and Others) 1 world map.

Reproductions Badawi, Muʾallafāt, Fig. 9.

Selected Bibliography Badawi, Muʾallafāt, 43–57.

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B Maritime Cartography

B-I Single Maritime Maps and Maritime Atlases

B-I-1

Title given to the work Maghrib Chart

Mapmaker(s) Unknown (usually identified as a Maghrebi cartographer because of the Maghribi script used when writing the toponyms).

Collection Production Date and Location

Ambrosiana Library (Milan) Ms. S.P. II Unknown (estimations range between first 259. half and second half of eighth/fourteenth century).

Inscription None

General Notes · Qāb da Kūnka comes up in the same manner only in “Parma” portolano; it appears as a site only in similar late portolanos. · Qāb Sīṭ: There is no similar example. · Qūṭurī miswritten of an Arabic Būkurī as suggested by Fischer points to a possible Arabic origin in the form of a maritime map; same for Qulūnī. · Marshīla only in Berlin “Marcella” is similar “c” read as “sh.” · Between Marseilles and Aquilles many sites are missing but they are cited in portulan charts from all periods, but not by Vesconte. · Ṭulūn exact only in Vesconte and Pinelli. · Bāli is mentioned only by Vesconte as Pelli (others use Pegi). · A clear example of the European deformation of Arabic cities in European sea maps that are avoided in the Islamic sea maps is “al-Munkab” (turned “Muleca” or other variations).a · Bizilyāna: an Arabic toponym that we don’t find in the European toponyms.b · Rukīla and the Maghreb chart’s specific sites that are not mentioned in European maps: indicating special sites for the Golf and the Cap.

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Detailed Physical Notes 24 by 17 cm; paper

General Coverage The western Mediterranean: from Māzīghin to Qurbuṣ on the Atlantic-Mediterranean African coasts; from Ireland’s Istan Fūrda (Stragnord Lough?) to Italy’s al-Burām (Alboran).

Reproductions Vernet-Gines, “The Maghreb Chart.” Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” Fig. 14.1.

Selected Bibliography Vernet-Gines, “The Maghreb Chart.” Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:263–264. a On al-Munkab see Ibn al-Khaṭīb’s Iḥāṭa, 127, 140, 227, and 266. Here, in the seventh/ thirteenth century, it is described as a “port,” a “city,” an administrative center (qaṣaba), and the base of a “navy” (usṭūl). b In addition to al-Idrīsī: Ḥamawī, Muʿjam 292. أ أ ز َ ن ةُ ت ن ن ً ف ن ن ة �ق ة ن ق ة ن ن ب � � ��لي� �ا �� : ب ��ك � �س ر ��ي� � و � � س�كو � ا �ل�لا � م و ي��ا ء و � �ل�� و �و � . ب �� لي �د � � ر �� م� � � م�ا �ل�� ب ��ا ل� ��د �ل � �س . ي�� س� ب� ِ ِ أ ي بُ ن أ � ح � ن حم� � ن � ح ن � ن �ل� ن � ن �ل� ذ ز � ن �ع �إ �لي��ه�ا � �م�د ب � �م�د ب � بع��د ا �لر �م�� ب � ا ح��س� ب � �م��س�عود ا ج�� ا مي� ا �ل�ب�� لي��ا �ي� ي��ك�ى � ب��ا �مر و ن خ فً ق ض ة ة أ ن ز ن ُ ف ن أ ك�ا � م��ل� �ا �ل��ل��ا ء ��ا ��ل�� ب��ا �� ص�ح�� ا � ك� � � ا � �م�� ج ا �ل ز �� د � ا � � � ب ب ير و ج أ ي و ب ب ب ر ب � � ر ب و ب � أ ر� و � بي ي� و ب � ب ي� ز ن ن ظ ئ ن ن ف ض ث ن م� ن خ ز ق � � يم�� و ��ا �ر �ه��م، وك�ا � �م� � �ه� ا �ل�ع��ل وا �ل�� . ح�د � �ع��ه � ب�و ح�م�د ب�� ر ج ، و ��ا ل: أ � ل م ل َ ْ � ت ف� ت � ن ة � ن ة �ق � ن ش َ �و �ي� �م��س�� ه�ل ج �م�ا د �ى ا ل� و لى ��س�� 461 و مو �ل�د ه ��س�� 360 ��ا �ل�ه ا ب � ب� � ��كو ا ل ; ت ت :Ibn Saʾīd’s al-Mughrib, 105 � ة � � ق ة ك � ة � ن ة ف� ن ة � ز � ن ة ن � ن � ق ة � ز �ق ق ا ل��م��م��ل�ك�� ا ل��م�ا ل��ي�� و�هو ��ا ب� يح�� ا �لريح�ا �� ي� ح��لى �م�د �ي�� ب � �لي��ا �� م�� ح��صو � �م�ا ل�� ع��لى بحر ا �ل��ا � al-Ḥimyarī, al-Rawḍ, 95: ق ق ق أ ف أ ض أ � �ة ع�� س�ا ح� ا �ل��ح� � ��ة �م� ن �م�ا �ل��ق��ة �ه � �ة � �ش��ه ا �ل�� م�د ��ن��ة � �م��ست�� م� ن ا ل � ، � ض ه�ا �م� ر��ي لى ل ب�� ر ريب � و ي� ر��ي ب ب�� ي ي� و � � ر � و ر�� ر ل �لح� ف ن ق �ل� ت � ث ح� ن �ل� ت ة ن ن وب� �ه�ا ا �م�ا �م وا �ل��ا د � و �ي��ص�ا د ب� �ه�ا ا حو� ا ل��ك�ي��ر وي �م�ل �م�� ه�ا �إ لى ا ج��ه�ا � ا �ل��م�� ج��ا و ر � ��ل�ه�ا، و�ب��ي��ه�ا و ب��ي�� ق ة ث ن ة أ �م�ا �ل�� م�ا ��ي�� يم��ا ل

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B-I-2

Title given to the work al-Ṭanjī’s map

Mapmaker(s)

Aḥmad b. Sulaymān al-Ṭanjī (mistaken as Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad al-Kātibī) Collection Production Date and Location TKS H. 1823 816/1413–14 in Tunis.

Inscription ة ت :rose ةframe of the compass ةAt the upper part (north) at the top of the �ص ن�� م�د �� ن�� ن�� ع�ا �م ��ست�� ع��ش� ث��م�ا ن��م�ا ��ي�� ع ب ي و س ر و � أ :(at the lower part (south � ن � ا � ا � ف � � ل ا � � ح� � ن � ن ا � ن � م�� ع��م�ل �ل�ع��ب�د ل��ق�ي�ر إ ى ل��ل�ه ��م�د ب � �س��ل��ي��م�� ل��ط��ج�ي�

General Notes The map is made of 2 elements: first the map proper (with compass rose and scale), and second the asterism in the right (east) or “neck” of the map’s surface. The map is austere with very little use of color. The outline of the map is in light brown. The colors of the wind rose (red and green) are used throughout the map, not only in the compass rose, but also in the coloring of some geographic areas such as the Nile Delta, and in the decorative motifs in the frames of the maps and around the Black Sea. The concentric circles, a constant element in the Maghribi nautical charts, include “asterims of lunar mansions,” which are usually in the number of 24. A good example (with its own explanations) is Abū ʿAbbās Aḥmad’s diagram in his Kitāb al-Durar wa-l- yawāqīt fī ʿilm raṣd wa-l-mawāqīt (Bodleian Library: Ms. Bodl. Or. 133, fols. 117a–118b) published in Emilie Savage-Smith, “Celestial Mapping,” vol. 2, 39 (Fig. 2.22).

Detailed Physical Notes Parchment; 77.5 cm (left-hand side) or 77 cm (right-hand side) by 35.8 cm; neck: 23.2 cm (left-hand side), 21 cm (right-hand side), 15.5 cm (top side); the measurements of the two bars above and below the cartographic outline: 36.3 cm; diameter of the circle of the calendar on the neck: 13.5 cm.

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General Coverage Mediterranean and Black Sea. Mediterranean from the African Atlantic coast: نت � � ن ن �م��هى ا ل�ب��حر وا د �ي� �و � European Atlantic/North Sea (from north to south): آ ق � ز � ة � ن ف ة خ� � ة ن ت � � ن � ة � ش ش � ش . ج��ير � ا ل��س�� ا ر �, � �ر ا ل�ع��م�ا ر � و �هو �م�� ه�ا ا ل� ب��حر �م�� ج��ه�� ا ل��م�ا ل ا �ل��ر �ي� ر ب��ي��

Reproductions Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” vol. 2, Fig. 14.2. Portolani e Carte Nautiche, map 2.

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:264–265. İhsanoğlu, Osmanli, 1:3–4. Portolani e Carte Nautiche, 40–41.

B-I-3

Title given to the work al-Mursī map (al-Mursī’s Chart)

Mapmaker(s) Ibrāhīm al-Mursī

Collection Work Production Date and Location

Deniz Müzesi no. 882 15 Ramaḍān 865/24 June 1461 in Tripoli (Syria?).

Inscription At the upper (north) part (at the outer frame of the map): ض ت ف� ن ة � � ت ف� � ل� خ � ش ن ش ض ن � ظ ن و � � �ع � � �ي� � م � د �ي � � � ا ط ر ا ب � � � ل � � س ح ر � � � س�ه � ا ا ل � � ل � ه � �ع � ا لى �ي� ا � ا � م � � س ع � �� ر � م � � � � � �ه ر ر � م � �� ا � ا ل��م�ع��م �م�� خ ة ت ن ث ن ة ع�ا �م �م��س�� و ��س��ي�� و ��م�ا ��م�ا ي��

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B-I-3 (cont.) in the lower (south) part (at the outer frame of the map): �ع � � � ��س � ف � ض ت ف� ن ة � � ت �م�ل ا ل�� بط��ي� ب� ا ب ر ا �ه�ي��م ا ل��مر ي� ل��ط�� ا ل��ل�ه ب��ه و ��ع�� ي� �م�د �ي�� ا طرا ب��ل��س حر��س�ه�ا ا ل��ل�ه � �ع � ا لى ف� �ل�خ � ش ن ش ض ن � ظ ن خ� ة ت ن ث ن ة �ي� ا ��ا �م��س ع��ر �م�� هر ر �م��ا � ا ل��م�ع��م �م�� ع�ا �م �م��س�� و ��س��ي�� و ��م�ا ��م�ا ي��

General Notes This map has more city views than any other “Arab chart”; yet the style suggests an amateur cartographer rather than a skilled one.

Detailed Physical Notes Parchment; 90 by 53 m.

General Coverage Mediterranean and the Black Sea

Reproductions Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” vol. 2, Fig. 14.3. A poster made by Deniz Müzesi in 1997.

Selected Bibliography Epalza, “El Portulano,” 167–168. Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” vol. 2, 264–265. İhsanoğlu, Osmanli, 1:11.

B-I-4

Title given to the work Piri Reis world map

Mapmaker(s) Piri Reis

Collection Work Production Date and Location

TKS R. 1633 Muḥarram 919/March–April 1513

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Inscription � ن � � � ش ت ز ك� ئ ف� م� ن ة ر��س��م��ه�ا �پ��ي�ر�ي� ب� ��ح�ا ج�ي� ا ل��م��ه�ر ب��ب�را د ر � ا د ه ء ��م�ا ل ر ��ي��س �ي� �ح�ر�م ��س�� 919 The following is a translation of the autographed inscription found on the map (translation by Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:268–270): This section explains how the present map was composed. No one has ever possessed such a map. This poor man has constructed it with his own hands. Specifically twenty maps and world maps—[the latter] are maps made in the time of Alexander the Great; they show the inhabited part of the world, and the Arabs call them jughrāfiya—eight such jughrāfiyas, one Arab map of India, four maps made recently by the Portuguese that show Pakistan, India, and China drawn by means of mathematical projection, as well as a map of the Western Parts drawn by Colombus: all these sources have been brought to one scale, and the result is this map. Only one note about Soucek’s translation and definition of jughrāfiya: considered “unclear” by Soucek (note 13), it is the word usually used by Arab authors to describe a “world map.”

General Notes This is the only autographed map that could be securely attributed to Piri Reis. Thus, it is the only example that we can use in a comparison to the corpus of Kitabi Bahriye attributed to Piri Reis. It is also the only example that shows us, very clearly, Piri Reis’ familiarity with maritime cartography, not simply as a consumer, but more importantly as a cartographer.

Detailed Physical Notes Parchment; 90 by 63 cm.

General Coverage With regard to the “Mediterranean area,” only the African and European Atlantic coasts are depicted, along with a small portion of the Spanish and Moroccan Mediterranean coasts east of the Straits of Gibraltar.

Reproductions Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” vol. 2, Figs. 14.5 and 14.6.

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:268–270. McIntosh, The Piri Reis Map, 19–25. İhsanoğlu, Osmanli, 1:21.

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B-I-5

Title given to the work The Ḥājj Abū l-Ḥasan’s Chart

Mapmaker(s) Ḥāj Abū l-Ḥasan’s map

Collection Work Production Date and Location

TKS H. 1822 First half of the tenth/sixteenth century(?)

Inscription أ أ :(On the right side (east ��ع��م� ا �ل��ف��ق�� ح � � � �ل�ح��س ن ل ير ج� ب و �

General Notes The Red Sea is depicted in red, as it is in many Majorcan maps; the script is informal. Clearly, the scribe was not a professional scribe, as he mispelled words, especially those in Arabic.

Detailed Physical Notes Parchment; 74 by 100 cm.

General Coverage Mediterranean area (including the Atlantic coasts of African and Europe) and the Black Sea.

Reproductions Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” vol. 2, Fig. 14.4.

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:265. Hakki, Topkapi Sarayında, 130–136.

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B-I-6

Title given to the work al-Sharfī’s sea atlas

Mapmaker(s) ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Sharfī

Collection Production Date and Location

BNF Ms. Arabe. 2278 1 Ramaḍān 958/2 September 1551

Inscription Folio 1b: �لح� ا ة ا ئ ن � � حم� ذ ة ا ��م�د �ل��ل�ه و ا �ل��ص�ل � و ا �ل��س�ل �م ا �ل�د ا ��م�ا � ��ع��لى ��سي��د ��ن�ا ��م�د ر��سو ل ا �ل��ل�ه ��ه�� ه ا �ل�� ط��ب��ل�� ف � � أ ف �م� ن ��ع��م� ا �ل�ع��ب�د ا �ل��ق�� ل ا �ل��ل�ه ا �ل��غن� ��ب�ه �ع� ن �م� ن ��س ا ه ��ع��ل � ن � ح��م�د � ن حم��م�د ا �ل�ش�� ل � ير إ ى ي� � � � و ي� ب � ب � ر ي� ق ف � � غ ف � ت ن � ا �ل�� ص��ف�ا � ��س ��ق�ه ا �ل��ل�ه ��ق ا �ل��ف� ا � م� ن��ه�ا � � �م ا ��لث � ا ��ث�ا ��ف�ا � �ش��ه� �م ��ض�ا ا �ل�ع��ظ�� ع�ا �م � ي� و و و ع ر � � ي� يو ل ح � ر ر � � م ث ن ة خ ن ت ة ��م�ا ��ي�� و �م��س�ي�� و ��س�ع��م�ا ��ي��

Folio 8a: ن ت ف� ذ � ة ن ت ن ز ن �� ت � ة ك� � ت ا �� ه�ا ��م�ا �ي� ��ه�� ه ا ل�� ط��ب��ل�� م�� ي�ل ب��ي�� )؟( و ��غ�ي�ر ه ��ع��لى ح��س� ب� ا لا ��س��ط�ا ��ع� � ��م�ا و ��ج�د � � ت ن و ا �ل��ل�ه ��س� ب��ح�ا ��ن�ه ا �ل��م��س��ع�ي��

General Notes 1a: Empty (except for a pasted folio, most probably inserted at a later period; vegetal ornamentation; a half circle is cut in the middle leaving an openness into folio 2a); 1b: Small introduction including date of the manuscript and author’s name; 2a: Table of Christian/ʿAjamī months representing a calendar of star settings; 2b: Kaʿba representation; 3a: Mappa mundi; 3b: Maps begin: Spain/Morocco (south on top and orientation marks the north, which is the bottom of the folio); 4a: Spain, France, and Italy/Algeria (south on top and orientation marks the north, which is the bottom of the folio);

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B-I-6 (cont.)

4b: Italy and Sicily with the Adriatic Sea (south on top and orientation is not marked); 5a: Black Sea (east on top and orientation marks the east, which is the top of the folio); 5b: Levant (north on top and orientation is not marked); 6a: Greece, Aegean Sea/small portion of the Libyan coast (north on top and orientation is not marked); 6b: Sicily with the most southern tip of the Italian peninsula/Libyan and Tunisian coasts (north on top and orientation marks the north, which is the top of the folio); 7a: Calendar of lengths of day and times of prayer (Christian/ʿAjamī months) in the form of a circle, not a table as in folio 2a; 7b: Calendar of events; 8a: Calendar of events

Detailed Physical Notes Paper boards; 25 by 20 cm.

General Coverage Mediterranean and Black Sea

Reproductions Chapoutot-Remadi, “Les Charfi,” 85–93 (the whole manuscript is reproduced in color). Pinna, Il Mediterraneo Il Mediterraneo e la Sardegna Nella Cartografia Musulmana. 2 vols. (Sardinia: Istituto Superiore Regionale Etnografico della Sardegna (ISRE), 1996), 2:145.

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:284–287. Ahmad, “The Paris Copy.” Pinna, Il Mediterraneo, 2:144–152.

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B-I-7

Title given to the work

Ali Maçar Reis’ sea atlas

Mapmaker(s) ʿAlī Majār Ra‌ʾīs

Collection Production Date and Location

TKS H. 644 Ṣafar 975/Aug.–Sept. 1567

Inscription Folio 5a (map no. 4): ت ف � ت ذ ت � ذ ف ش � �ك��ه ا �ل��ق�� ع��ن�ا �� ا �ل��م�ك ) �ك�� ا( ا ��ل��ق�د � ) �ك�� ا( ��ع��ل م��ج�ا �ئ��ي�� ه� �ص��ف� 975 ب ير ب ي ير ي� � ر ر � س ي� � ر ر

General Notes 7 maps including 6 sectional maps of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea and 1 world map; maps do not cover the some of the North African coasts (most of the Tunisian and Libyan Mediterranean coasts, and Moroccan Atlantic coasts); map 1: Black Sea; map 2: Levant; map 3: Spanish, French, Italian coasts with the Adriatic Sea and Sicily; map 4: Spanish/Moroccan coasts; map 5: European Atlantic coasts and the British and Irish Isles; map 6: the Aegean Sea; map 7: the world map.

Detailed Physical Notes Parchment; 29 by 42 cm.

General Coverage Mediterranean and Black Sea (except much of the North African coasts).

Reproductions Kemal Ozdemir, Ottoman Nautical Charts and the Atlas of Ali Macar Reis (Istanbul, Marmara Bank, 1992), 133–152 (facsimile reproduction of the whole manuscript).

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:279–282. Soucek, “The ‘Ali Macar Reis,” 17–27. Özdemir, Ottoman Nautical, 114–152.

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B-I-8

Title given to the work al-Sharfī’s sea atlas (al-Sharfī’s atlas)

Mapmaker(s) ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Sharfī

Collection Production Date and Location Bodleian Library Marsh 294 End of Jumādā II 979/mid-November 1571 (Qayrawān or Istanbul).

Inscription Colophon appears twice: first in the first page (1a): �لح� � � � حم� ذ ة ن � ا ��م�د �ل��ل�ه و ��ص��لى ا �ل��ل�ه ��ع��لى ��سي��د ��ن�ا و �مو لا ��ن�ا ��م�د ر��سو ل ا �ل��ل�ه ��ه�� ه ا �ل�� ط��ب��ل�� م�� ع��م�ل ا � ل �ع � � �ب � د � غ ف ا �ل��ف��ق�� ل ح��م��ة � م ل ه ا �ل ا ��غ� � �م��ن�ه ��ف� ه � ��ض�ا ه ا �ل ��ط�ا �ل� � م� ن ��ب�ه ا � �ل��ط ا �لخ��ف� ير إ ى ر و ا ر ب� ر و ر � �� ب� � ر � ل� � �ي� أ ف � ق ن أ � � ذ ��ع��ل � ن � ح��م�د ا �ل�ش�� ا �ل�� ص��ف�ا ��س �م��ش�� م �ل�د ا ا �ل��ق� � ��ق� ا ا �م�� س�ك��ن�ا ا �ل��م�ا � كل� �م�� ه��ب�ا ي� ب � ر ي� � ي� و و ر و ي� ر ر و ي� � أ ف � � غ ��ع��ل�ه ا �ل��ل�ه �م� ن � ��ه� ا �ل��ع��ل ا �ل��ع�ا �م��ل�� ن ��ب�ه ��ع�ا �م��ل�ه �� ض��ل�ه ��ع��م �م ح�م��ت�ه ��ق ا �ل��ف� ا ج � ل ي� � و ب � و و ر و و ع ر� أ م أ ت ت ة �م�ن��ه�ا ��ت�ا �خ � ا ��خ� ��م�ا د � ال� ��خ� � �م� ن ��ع�ا �م ��س ��س��ع�� ن ��س�ع��م�ا ��ي�� م�� ص��ل��ي�ا �م��س��ل��م�ا � ب ري� و ر ج ى ر ى � ع و ب ي� و � � � و � آ غ ة ة ��ع�� س��د ��ن�ا حم��م�د � �ل�ه ؟ ا ��ب�ا �م� ن ��خ�ا ط ؟ � �ج � ا � م ا � ل � د �� ع � ا � �ج � ا � ل � �� م غ�� ف � � ا � ل ح� � �م � � لى ي و ) ( و ر � � ر ) ( و � ع � ل ر و ر ض ن ا �ل �� ا �ل�ه �ل ا �ل�د ��ي�ه �ل��ج��م�� ا �ل��م��س��ل��م�� ن .و ر و � و و � و � يع � ي� Folios 2a–3a: أ ة ف ة ف ة ة � ة أ � ��م�ا ا �ل�� فص��ح�� ا ��لت� � ا �لخ��ا �م��س�� ف��ه�ا �ص��ف�� ا � �ل��ك�ع��ب�� ا �ل��م�ش�� ف�� ا ��لت� � ��م� ا �ل��ل�ه ا �ل��خ��ل ق و � ي� ي� ي � � � ر ي� ر � ف ن ف تق � � ت ق ت � ث �ت � � � ك� ش � ا ب��ا لا ��س�� ب�ا ل ا �لي��ه�ا �ي� �ص��لوا ��ه��م ب��و �ل�ه ��ع�ا لى و ح�ي�� م�ا �ك��م �و لوا و ج�و� �ه� م��ط�ره و ا �ل��ب�ل د ة ذ ة ف ت ة ا �ل��م��ح��ط�� ه�ا ا �ل��م�� ك� � ��ه�ا �ه ك��م�ا ن��ق��ل� ت �م� ن ا �ل��م��س�� ن��س�� خ �م� ن��ه�ا �ص��ف�� ا ��س�ت�� خ� ا ي ب � و ر ي � ي� � � � � و � ر ج� ت ذ ت م� ة ن �ع � ت ن � � ق � ذ � ن �ح�ر ا ب �ك�ل ب��ل�د � ا و ��م�ا ي��لي� ��ه�ا �م�� م�ا �ل� ��ه�ا ا � ج��ع�ل ا ل��ط� ب� ا �ل�� ي� ��س��م��ي�ه ) ك�� ا( ا �ل�ب��حر�يو � ة ف ف ة ا �ل��س��م��ي�� ا ل ��ه��ت�ه � ��ل�د ك �ح��ي� ث لا �ح � �ع��ن�ه ��ش�ئ ��ث�� ت��ق� ا ��م�ا � ا �ل�د ا ��ي� � ا ��لت� ��ه�ا ا �ل��ب� ا د � ى ج � ي� ب ب � � ي ول ي� م ر ي� � ر ي� ب � � ل أ ن ن ة ذ ق ة � ة ا ل � ت��ت��ه ا ل ا �ل��ب��ل�د � ا ��لت� ا ن�� ت ��ه�ا ا �ك�� ا � ��ب�� من�� ت�ن��ظ� ا �ل��ه�� ا �ل�� تم�� ج�ه ا ��ل��ه�ا ى � � ي� ى � ي� � ب � ) ( ري� ك و ر ج � و � ي � ة ف ة ن ق ت ف ة �م��ق�ا �� ا �ل��ل ��ك�ع��ب�� ت��ل� ا �ل��ه�� ه ا ��لت� ت��س� ا ��ل��ه�ا ��ب��لت� ��ع� � ا �ل��ه�ا ت ك��ل��ه�ا ��ب�ا �ل�د ا � � بل � ك ج � ي� ي� ب� ي � � ك و ر� ج � � � � ير ت ة ا ��لت� ت��ل��ه�ا ا �ل��م��ك� ع��ل��ه�ا د ا ��ي� � ا �ل��ه�ا ت ي� ي � و ب� ي � � ر ج � �

Tarek Kahlaoui - 9789004347380 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 10:00:45PM via free access Appendix 321 ن ف� ت غ ة � ت م ة ت ف ذ ن ف ة و ا � �عر �� ه�ا �ا ��ي�� عر ��ف�� ح�ر ا ب �ك�ل ب��ل�د � و ب� ��ه�ا ��ع�ر �� ) �ك�� ا( ا �ل�ب��ح�ر�يو � ا لا ر ��ي�ا و �ك�ي��ي�� أ ح أ � � ف� ن غ ذ ف ن ا �ل��س��ف�ر ب� ��ه�ا و ب� ��ه�ا � �ي��ض�ا �ي�عر �و � ا �ل��مر ا ��س� و �ي�ر ��ه�ا �ح��س�ب��م�ا � �ل�ك �م��ع�ر و �� ع��د ��ه��م � ��ص� أ ي ل �ل ت ش ن � ق � � ت ف ت ث ن ة � ت ة � ا ج��ه�ا � ال� ر��ب ��م�ا ل ج��و ب� ��ش�ر� ��غ�ر ب� ��ث��م ��ر��ع�� ا لى ��م�ا ��ي�� ث��م ا لى ��س�� ع��ش�ر ع أ � ث� ن ث ث ن ذ ذ � ذ ف ن �ف ن ��ث��م ا لى ا ��ن�ي�� و ��لا ��ي�� ح��س�ب��م�ا � �ل�ك ��م�� ك�و ر �ع��ن�د � ��ه�ل ��ه�� ا ا �ل�� و �م��ع�رو� �ع��د ��ه��م أ ف � ف � ة � �� ة � ة ف� ف � ة �ل� غ ف� ن � � �ل� ك � ة ) …( و � ��م�ا �ي� �ص��ح�� ا لو ر ��ق�� ا ل��س�ا د ��س�� ي��ه�ا �ص��ف�� ا ج��را ��ي�ا و �م�ع��ا ��ه�ا ع��ن�د ا �ح��م�ا �ص��ف�� ض � ف ن ذ ة ف ت أ الا � ��ق�ا ك�ا �ت� ا لا ��ح� � ��ص�ا � ��ه�� ه ا �ل��ط��ب��ل�� ق�ه ا �ل��ل�ه ��ع�ا ل � ��ص��ل�� ا �ح ا �ل�ه ر � ) …( ل ب� ر� و � ع � و ى و � ح و � ز ة ف ذ ة ا �ع��م�ا �ل�ه ��ق�د ��ب� ��م ن� ث�� ا ��ث�� غ�� ا ��ي�ا ت �ك��ب�ا ��ع�� ح��س� ��م�ا � ك� ه ��ص�ا �ح� ا ��ل ن� ��ه�� و و � ر � ي� ل ج ر � � � ر لى ب� ر � ب� و ذ ش ت � ق ف� � ت ق � ق ف � ة ض ذ � ذ ة ) �ك�� ا( ا �ل��م�� ت�ا � �� ا ��خ��ر ا � ا لا ��ف�ا � ��ي�ه �ص��ف�� ا لا ر �� و � ك�ر ه ا لا ب��ح�ر ا �ل��م�� ك�و ر �ك��ل��ه�ا و أ ي أ ف� ض ن ن ة ن ش ة ت ن ��م�ا �� ال� ر�� م� ج� ��ب�ا ل و � يع��و � و � ود ��ي�� و ��م�د � �م��هو ر� و ج��ه�ا �ك�ل �م��ه�ا �ح��س� ب� ي � أ �ل ت � ة � ؤ ت ن ف� ش �� غ � � �ق ة � ث ا ج��ه�ا � ا �ل��م�عر و��ف�� ع��ن�د ا �لر ��س�ا ��ح�ى � ��ه�ا �ل��ي��س�ا �ر ب��ه�ا ��ر��ق�ا و ��ر��ب�ا و ج�و��ف�ا و � ��ب��ل�� ب �ح��ي�� ف ن � ة ن ة ن ن �ل ت ن ن ت ق �ي��ع�ر�� م��ه �اك�ل �م�د �ي��ن�� ا و ج� ��ب� ا و ��ه�ر ا و ب�ر�ك�� ا و ��ع�ي�� م� ا �� ا ج��ه�ا � و �م� اي�� ص�ر ل أ أ � ي � � ذ � ��س � ة � ��س ف� ف� � ن ذ ف� � ث � ن ن و ك�� ل�ك ا ل��مرا ي� ا ل��م�ع��لو��م�� ف�ا ل� ر ى )��ي��ه�ا( ��ي��ه�ا ��ف��م�� ر ا د � �ل�ك ��ل�ي��ب��ح�� ع��ه�ا لا ��ه�ا ن � ة � ذ ت��ت��ق� �م� ن ا لا ��ي�د � ��ع�� ح��س� ا لا ��ق�د ا ��م ت ا �ح��ي�ا � ا ��غ�� ل� �م� ن ا لا �م ا ��لت� ل � � ي� لى ب� ر ب و� و � و ير ك � و ر ي� ت ن � ذ ت ة ن ذ � ن ف ة ��ق�ل ب� ��ه�ا ا لا ��م�لا ك و � �ل� كك��ل�ه �ح��س� ب� ا لا ��س��ط�ا ��ع�� ا لا � ) �ك�� ا( ا � ل �ع � � �ب � د لا ي� �خ � � ل و ا � م � � �ه � �� و � ا و ف ز ة ز ذ ن ن � ذ ة ن ن �ه�� ا ت� ا �ل�� ا لا ت� ا � �ه ا ��س��ا ا ��غ�� ل� �م��م�ا ط��ب ع��ل��ي�ه ��ب��ل�� الا ��س�ا و و � و � و و ل و ي � و ير ك �ع � ج � � ف � ف ذ � ت ف ذ � ت ��ست�� غ��ف� ا �ل��ل�ه � ��ج��م�� ل�ك ا ��ست�� غ��ف�ا �ع��ب�د �م��ع�� ن��ب�ه �ل ��ب�ه ا ��غ� � �م��ن�ه ��س�� ي ر ي� � يع ر � ر� ب � ر� ر ب� ر �ع�ي� ب��ه )…(

On the last page (13a): أ � ت ف ن ذ ة ف � ت �ل � ت ت ن ��ق�ا لك�ا �� ب� ا ل� ��ح�ر �� و ��ص�ا � ��ه�� ه ا �ل��ط� ��ب��ل�� و ��ق�ه ا �ل��ل�ه ��ع�ا لى ا لى ا ��خ�ي�ر ا � و ا �ل��ط�ا ��ع�ا � وك�ا � أ ع أ ف� �ل ت ف� ذ �� ت ت �ق ت ق � ة ض �ل�ه و � م��ع�ه � �ك�ل ا ل� � مو ر و ا ��ح�ا لا � � ��م�ا �� ه�� ه ا �لو ر ��ق�ا � و ا ��ل� �� ب��ل��ه�ا � م��م�ا �ي��ع��ل� ب��ص��ف�� ا ل� ر �� أ ي ي ي� � � نق � � ن ن�� ن�ز ة � ش ت ق ف� �� ت ق � ق � و � بحر��ه�ا و طو�ل��ه�ا ��ل��ت�ه ب��ع��ض�ه �م�� م� � �ك��ت�ا ب� � ��ه�� ا ل��م��ا � �ي� ا ��خ��ر ا � الا ��ف�ا � و ب��ع��ض�ه أ أ أ ف � ف �م� ن ا � ن ا �ل�ع��ط�ا � � ��ض�ا � ��م�ا ��م�ا ��ت��ع��ل ق ��ب�ا ل� �� ا ك � ثم��ل��ه�ا ��ف��م� ن ا �ل�� غ��م��ين� � ��عض�� س�ا ��ل�ه � ب � ر ي� و ي � � ل و � � ج � ي� ي� ب � ر ي ف� � � ئ ة ت�� ت ا � �ق � � ة ت ض نت ن ا � � �ي� ��ع��ل ا �ل�ه�ي�� و ر �ك� �ك�ل ��م�ه ��ع��لى الا ��ا ل��ي��م ا ل��سب��ع�� و ��م�ا ��م��ه �م�� ب��ل د و ج� ��ب�ا ل لا ��ج�ل م ف ش أ ف خ�ت � ف� ن ش � � � �� ن ذ � � ف� � �ع� الا ��ص�ا ر و ��م�ا ا ل��ع�ب�ر ��ي�ه �م�� غ�ل ا �ل��ب�ا ل �ي� ا لا ��ج�ا ر ��ف��م�� ر ا د � �ل�ك ��لي��ط�ا ل��ع�ه ��ا ��ن�ه ج��ي� ب� ذ � � ا � ��س ف� � � ق � ت ف� � و ا ��م�ا ��ع��م�ل ا �ل��ب�ل د و ا ل��مرا ي� �ي� ا ل�ب��ح�ر و ا لا و ر ا � ا ل��م��ك�و ب� ��ي��ه�ا ا �ل��ب�ر ا �ل�� ي� � �م��ب�د وه

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B-I-8 (cont.)

ن ن ز �� ق � ة � � � � � � نق � ن ة ت � ض �م�� ق�ا � ��س�ب��ت�� ا لى ا ل��ش�ا �م و ��ب�ر ب �ح�ر ا ل�ك��ف�ا ��ف�ا �ي� ��ل��ت�ه �م�� ط��ب��ل�� ر ا �ي��ه�ا ب �خ�ط ب��ع�� ا �ل��س�ا �ك��ن�� ن ��ب�ا ص��ط�ن�� ه ا �ل�ح�ك��ي�� ا � ا �ل�ع��ب�ا �� ا ح��م�د الا ��ن�د �ل��س ا �ل��ق�ا ط� ن ��ه�ا �ه ��غ�� ي� � � بول و و � م بو � س ي� � ب � و ي� ير ة ف ت ذ أ ن ة ا �ل��ط��ب��ل�� ا ��لت� ا ��ع� � �م� ن �ش�� غ� ا �ل ا �ل�د ا �ل��ج�د ح��مه��م�ا ا �ل��ل�ه ��ع�ا ل � �ل� ل� ��ه�ا ا �ل��م � د � � ي� ر� � ل و و � ر � ى و ك � و ج و ذ � � � ن � � � ن � ن ظ � ف� ن ن � ف� ن ع��ن�د �ي� ��ح�ي�� ع��م��ل� �ل��ه�� ه ��ف�ا ط��ل� ب� �م�� ط�ا ل��ع��ه�ا و ��ر ��ه�ا و ��ت�ا �م�ل ��ي� ��ه�ا ا � �ي��ظ�ر ��ي� ��ه�ا ب��ع�ي�� ف ي أ ن �ف � ف� ن � ن ن � ك� ن ض �ف ن ق ا ��ص�ا � ��م�ا و ��ج�د ��ي� ��ه�ا �م�� خ��ل�ل ا �ص��ل��ح�ه � و �م�� ق�� ص �م��ل�ه لا � ا � �ل�ع��ب�د �مو��و � ��ب�ا ��ل��ص ت ف � ت ف ذ ن � غ ف � ف لا ا � ل ك� � �م � ا ل � م � � � � � �� ص� � � �ب � ا � ل �ع �ي � � ب� ب� � � س و ء ا لا ع� � �م � ا ل � م �� ع � � ر �� ل ر � �ب � ه ب � � � � � � �ب � ه � �ط � ا � ل � ب� � م � � �ن � ه � م �� ر � �ت � ه �� أ � ي � ض � تق � ذ ن ق ن� ت �ش � � � � �� ا ل��م�ا �ي� و الا ��س�� ب�ا ل و ��م�ا �سو �ى � �ل�ك �م�� ال� و ر ا � ��ق��ل�� ر�ح��ه�ا ب��ا ل��م�ع��ن�ا ��ع��لى ��ق�د ر تق ق � � ن � ن� ف خ ن ت غ � غ ة � � ��ص�ي�ر �� و ��ص�ر ��ب�ا ع� ��ف�ا � ا �ل��ق�ط ي��ت�� ح�ي�� ي� ب� الا ��سود و �ع��ن�د ��ي� ب�� ا �ل��ن��مر ��ق�د ي ي أ � ت � �ل � ن خ ذ ن � ن � غ ف �ي��س��ع��ظ��م ا ��ج�ا ر ود ��ب�ا �ل��ل�ه ��ث��م ��ب�ا �ل��ل�ه ا ��س�� ل �م�� ا ب��ص�ر ��ط� ��ه�� ا و ��ظ�ر ا � ��ي�د عو ل� ��ب�ا �ل��ر ي ت ي ض ن ح ة غ � ة � ن ن ن ظ )؟( و ا �لر��وا � و ا �لر ��م�� و ا �ل��م��ف�ر� ��ث��م �ل�ه و �ل��لوا �ل�دي�� و �ل��م� �ك��ب� ��ه�ا و ط�ا �ل��ع��ه�ا و ��ر��ه�ا و أ � آ � ن ن ة � م� خ � ن ن �ل��ج�� يم�� ا �ل��م��س��ل��م�ي�� ج �م��ع�ي�� و ا �ل��ص�لا � و ا �ل��س�لا �م ��ع��ل ��سي��د ��ن�ا ح��م�د ��ا ��ت��م ا ��ل �ب��ي�ي�� و ��ع��ل � �ل�ه ع أ ى ى �ص ن � ن � � � �لح� ن و � �ح��ب�ه �م�� ب��ع�د ه � ج �م��ع�ي�� و ا ��خ�ر د عوا ��ن�ا ا ��م�د �ل��ل�ه ر ب� ا �ل�ع�ا �ل�� يم��.

General Notes 1a: Small introduction with date and author’s name; 1b: Introduction: guide to drawings; 2a: Text continues; 2b: Text continues; 3a: Text continues; 3b: Conversion table (“Arabic” years to the Gregorian calendar); 4a: Earth, 7 heavens; 4b: Kaʿba; 5a: Wind rose; 5b: Mappa mundi; 6a: Sectional maps, Tunisia; 6b: Italy; 7a: Spain/Morocco; 7b: France/Algeria; 8a: Greece/Libya; 8b: Black Sea (including Istanbul); 9a: Syria/ Egypt; 9b: Table one of nūdāt; 10a: Conversion table (“Ajamī” years); 10b: Table 3 of prayer times; 11a: Text continues; 11b: Text continues; 12a: Text continues; 12b: Text continues; 13a: Text continues/last folio; 13b: Empty.

Detailed Physical Notes Paper: card boards from folio 4 to folio 9 and the rest of the folios are regular paper; Maghribi script; measurements of each folio: 27 by 21 cm; measurements of margins in written sheets: approximately 3 cm for the left and/or right margins; measurements of written area: 20.5 cm.

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General Coverage Mediterranean and Black Sea

Reproductions Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” vol. 2, Figs. 14.22 and 14.23. Pinna, Il Mediterraneo, 2:155.

Selected Bibliography Mansouri, “Une Famille des Cartographes.” Brice, “Mediterranean Sea.” Pinna, Il Mediterraneo, 2:153–159.

B-I-9

Title given to the work al-Sharfī world map (al-Sharfī’s mappa mundi)

Mapmaker(s) ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Sharfī.

Collection Production Date and Location Rome (Istituto Italo-Africano) Beginning of Jumādā I 987/end of June 1579

Inscription Under the neck (west): ذ ف ف � أ ف ن .. ��ه�� ا �خ��ت��ل ��ب�ا خ�ت�� ا � ا � �ل�ك��ن�ا �� ا �ش��ك�ا ��ل��ه�ا ؟ ��ق�ا ك�ا �ت� ا ل� ��ح� � ��ص�ا � ) ( و ي � � ل � بي ص و � ) ( ل ب� ر � و � ع ذ ذ ف � ة ذ� � ن�ز ة � ش ت ق � �� ت ق � ق � � ت � ��ه�� ه ا ل�� ط��ب��ل�� كر ��ه�� ا ��ص�ا ح� ب� � ��ه�� ا ل��م��ا � �ي� ا ��خ��ر ا � ا لا ��ف�ا � و ا ل�ك�ا �� ب� ا �ل�ع��ب�د ف � أ ف � ق ن أ � ن خ ا �ل��ق�� ل ا �ل��ل�ه ��ع��ل � ن � ح��م�د � ن حم��م�د ا �ل�ش�� ا �ل�� ص��ف�ا � ��س � م��ش�� ا �ل��ق�� ا � ��ح�� ن ا �ل��ت�ا � ير إ ى ي� ب � ب � ر ي� � ي� ير و ي� ي � ر ي� ذ أ � ؟ �م�� س�ك��ن�ا ا �ل��م�ا � كل� �م�� ه��ب�ا ��ع��ل�ه ا �ل��ل�ه �م� ن � ��ه� ا �ل��ع��ل ا �ل��ع�ا �م��ل�� ن � ح�م��ت�ه ؟ ك� ��م�ه ��ق ) ( ي� � ج � ل ي� ب ر ) ( و ر و و ع غ أ أ م ت غ ا �ل��ف� ا �م�ن� ��ا � ا �� ا د � ا ل ل �م� ن ��ا � ��س��ة ث�� م�ا ن��ة � �س�ع�� م�ا ��ة ��ف� ا � ل�ه �ه ر� � ه و ئل ج م ى � و ى � ع م ب ع و � �ي و � � �ي ر ل�� ل� و ن ت �لوا �ل�د ��ي�ه و �ل��م�� ط�ا �ل��ع��ه�ا و �ك�� ب� ��ه�ا ) …(

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B-I-9 (cont.)

On the other end (east): أ أ ت � � ف � �ق ذ � ل� غ ف� � � ن ح ش ف� ف ذ ك�ا � � ب� ا ل� ��ح � ر � و ��ن� ا � ل �� ه� � ه ا ج�� ر ا � � ��ي� ا � �ع� � ل� ب � � � � �م� د ا � ل � �� ر �� ل ��ط� ا � ل �� ل �ه � ��ب� ه � ك�ر (… ) ي ي ت � ث ذ ن ف ش � ة � ن ف ا ل� �ح � د �ي � � ا � ل � � �� ر و ا ه ا ب � � �ع � � �ب � ا � � س �� ر � �ح � ه �� ع � � ل ا � ل � �� م ر � � ��ش � د � و �� غ � ي� ر ه � م � ا � ل �ع � � ل� � �م � ا � � ل ل� � � ب� �� ه �� م ي أ ي ى أ � ي ض ن � ن ن � ت ذ �ل غ ف ن � � حم� ح ر �� ا �ل��ل�ه �ع�� ه��م � ج �م��ع�ي�� و ��ق��ل�� ه�� ه ا ج��ر ا ��ي�ا �م� � ��خ�ر �ى ب ��خ�ط ��ج�د �� م�د ر ��م�ه ا �ل��ل�ه ي � أ ي ن� � ن ن ن � ة � و ��ق� ��ب�ر ا �ل�ب��ح�ر ا �ل��ش�ا م� و �مرا ��سي��ه �م� �ك�� ب��ا �ص �م� ��ع��م� � ��ه� � يم��و ر��ق�� د �مر��ه�ا ا �ل��ل�ه و �م�ع��ن�ا ل ي � � لأ ل � ل� غ ف� � � نز ة ش ت ق � ة ض (… ) ا ج�� ر ا � � ��ي� ا � �ع� � لى ) …( �ك��ت�ا ب� �� ه�� ا �ل��م��ا � �ص��ف�� ال� ر��

General Notes A “world map” made from a Mediterranean map in the style of maritime cartography with an Idrisian map of Asia; supposedly made from an earlier model by ʿAlī l-Sharfī’s grandfather, based on an original model by the “damned” Majorcans.

Detailed Physical Notes Parchment; 135 by 59 cm; two pieces of parchment (coinciding roughly with the maps of the Mediterranean and the map of Asia) are sewn together.

General Coverage Mediterranean area and the Black Sea in addition to Asia

Reproductions Nallino, “Un Mappamondo arabo disegnato nel 1579,” 737.

Selected Bibliography Nallino, “Un Mappamondo arabo disegnato nel 1579,” 721–737.

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B-I-10

Title given to the work Mehmed Reis’ regional sea map

Mapmaker(s) Mehmed Reʾīs of Menemen

Collection Production Date and Location

Museo Correr, Venice, Port. 22 999/1590–91

Inscription Under the scale bar: ئ ن ن ن ة �م� ن �ع�م� حم�م�د �� م�ن��م��ل ��س�� 999 � ل ر ي س ب � ي�

General Notes Regional maritime map depicting the Aegean Sea.

Detailed Physical Notes Parchment; 59.5 by 82.5 cm; the parchment is uneven toward the western end; thick black line frame the map.

General Coverage Aegean Sea but also including Cyprus and Marmara Sea

Reproductions Portolani e Carte Nautiche, map. 34. Özdemir, Ottoman Nautical, 110–111.

Selected Bibliography Brice, The Aegean Sea-Chart. Portolani e Carte Nautiche, 110–111. Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:283–284.

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B-I-11

Title given to the work Muḥammad al-Sharfī’s mappa mundo

Mapmaker(s) Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Aḥmad al-Sharfī

Collection Production Date and Location

1601 قBNF Rés. Ge. C. 5089. End of Dhū l-Qaʿda 1009/end of May ا �ل�� ص��ف�ا ��س � ي�“ :Ṣafāqus; see inscription below) .(” � م� �س�ك� � �ن�ا

Inscription Near the neck: ت ذ غ ف ف � أ ا �لح��م�د �ل��ل�ه ��ع�ا ل ��ه�� ه ا �ل�� ا � ��ي�ا � م� ن ��ع��م� ا �ل�ع��ب�د ا �ل��ق�� ا ل ا �ل��ل�ه حم��م�د � ن ��ع��ل � ن �ح��م�د ى ج ر � � ل � ير ى ب � ي� ب � ف ق ف ذ ق ن غ ا �ل ش�� ا � �ص�� ا �� م � �س�ك�� ا �ل ��ط ا � ل�ه �� ه �� ا ��ل�� ه ؟ ا �ل��ف� ا � م� ن �ع� م�� ا � ر ي� ل�� ف س� � ن �� ل�� ب و � ج ب ر ه �ب ) ( و ك�ا � ر � � �ل� ه أ ي ت أ أ ف� �� ذ � ق ة �ل� � ة � ف ن �ه� ة �� ا ة �ي� � وا ��خ�ر � �ي� ا ل��ع�د � ا �ح�ر ا �م ��ع�ا �م ��س��ع�� و � ل�� م�� ج�ر � ��خ�ي�ر ا ل� ��ن�ا �م ع��ل��ي�ه ا ل��ص�ل � و ا �ل��س�لا �م

Large inscriptions at the upper (south) and lower (north) cartouches of the map: ذ ن ف ق ا �لح�م�د �ل��ل�ه �ه�� ه ا �ل��م ا ض � �م� ن �م ا ض � �� ا د ا �ل��س د ا � ��ه�ا �ن�� ا �م ا ض � �ص�ح�ا � ��م�ا و �ع � و �ع بل و � و و � ج و ب و �ع ر ي� و ر ل ق ��ث� ا �ل��ح� ا �ل�� م�ت �� ا �ل��ح� ا � غل�� ا �ل ش�� ح� ��ا � ��ا � ا �ل��ح� ا �ل�� ح�� ط �م ب�� ر � �� صل �ب ب�� ر ر بي� و � ر ي� و ب ر �ي ج و ج� و م ج و ج� و ب�� ر �م�� ي� � � ق ض � ذ ذ ��ث�� ب� ��ف�ا ؟؟؟ ا �ل��م��ح��ي�ط ��ج��م�� ا لا � ��ث�� م�ا لا ��ع��ل ��م�ه ا ��ح�د ا لا ا �ل��ل� ه ك��م�ا � ك� � �ل�ك ) م … ج � ل � ( � ب � يع ر � م ي � ر � ن ز ة ش ت ق ��ص�ا �ح� ب � �ك��ت�ا ب� �� ه�� ا �ل��م��ا � ذ ذ � ا �لح� � � ا ا � � ا � ش ل ا � ت ا ا � � ا � غ � ��ت ا � �ش�� م�د ل��ل�ه ��ه�� ل� ب��ح�ر ل��م�ا ي� ل��م��ص�ل ب� ��ه�� ل� ب��ح�ر ل��ر ب ي� وي��ص�ل �ي��ض�ا ر ��ق�ا ب ب �ح�ر � ق ��ي�ا � ��م�ا � �ه �م�ت��ص� ��ب�ا �ل��ح� ا �ل��م��ح��ي�ط ��ث�� ع�د ه ��ب� ��ف�ا ا �ل��م��ح��ي�ط ��ج��م�� ج و ج� و ج و ج� و و � ل � ب ر � م ب ج � ل � � ب � يع ض � ز ك� ن � � ن ز ة ا لا ر�� ث��م ب��ع�د ه ��م�ا لا �ي�ع��ل��م�ه ا ��ح�د ا لا ا �ل��ل�ه ��ع�� و ��ج� ل ��م�ا ��ق��ل�ه ��ص�ا �ح� ب � �ك��ت�ا ب� �� ه�� ش ت ق ف� �� ت ق � ق � ن � ف� �� ت ق �ق ا ل��م��ا � �ي� ا ��خ��ر ا � ا لا ��ف�ا � و ا ب � ا ل�ع��ط�ا ر �ي� ا ��خ��ر ا � ا لا ��ط�ا ر

General Notes Same as B-I-9 (almost a copy of B-I-9).

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Detailed Physical Notes Parchment; 137 by 48.5 cm.

General Coverage Same as B-I-9.

Reproductions Pinna, Il Mediterraneo, vol. 1, no. 89. Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” vol. 2, Figs. 14.24 and 14.25.

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:287. Nallino, “Un Mappamondo Arabo del 1579,” 728–729.

B-I-12

Title given to the work “Atlas-i Humayun” sea atlas

Mapmaker(s) Unknown

Collection Production Date and Location

Arkeolojii Müzesi Kitapığı, n. 1621. End tenth/sixteenth or eleventh/ seventeenth century?

Inscription

General Notes The map has very few inscriptions and toponyms; reptitions and different outlines for the same space: map 1: Spanish and Morrocan coasts; map 2: Levant; map 3: Adriatic Sea, Italy and Sicily with the Tunisian and Libyan coasts; map 4: Aegean Sea with Cyprus; map 5: Aegean Sea and Libyan coasts; map 6: Greece and Southern Italy; maps 1, 2, and 3 are filled with topographical features (trees, small city views, and rivers), while maps 4, 5, and 6 are empty, though the latter repeat almost the same spaces depicted in maps 2 and 3.

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B-I-12 (cont.)

Detailed Physical Notes Parchment; 53.3 by 69.9 cm.

General Coverage Mediterranean, but without the Black Sea and Atlantic European coasts.

Reproductions Özdemir, Ottoman Nautical, 100–104. Goodrich, “Atlasi-i Humayun,” 96–101.

Selected Bibliography Goodrich, “Atlasi-i Humayun,” 83–101.

B-I-13

Title given to the work Walters Deniz Atlas-i

Mapmaker(s) Unknown

Collection Production Date and Location Walters Art Gallery, Ms. W. 660 End tenth/sixteenth or eleventh/ seventeenth century?

Inscription

General Notes This work has larger city views than any other Ottoman atlas; map 1: Black Sea; map 2: Levant; map 3: Adriatic Sea, Italy, and Sicily in front of the Tunisian and Libyan coasts; map 4: Spanish and Moroccan Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; map 5: European Atlantic coasts with the British and Irish Isles; map 6: Mediterranean; map 7: Indian Sea; map 8: World map.

Detailed Physical Notes Parchment; 30.1 by 45 cm.

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General Coverage Mediterranean in sections and Mediterranean as a whole

Reproductions Özdemir, Ottoman Nautical, 93–99.

Selected Bibliography Özdemir, Ottoman Nautical, 93–99. Goodrich, “The Earliest Ottoman,” 25–50.

B-II Maritime Cartography: Piri Reis’ Kitabi Bahriye

B-II-1

Version First version (128 maps).

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Istanbul-Suleymaniye 959/1551 Unknown (Yeni Cami 790)

Notes (Physical and Others) Paper; 29.9 by 20 cm; style different than maritime cartographic style; earliest map of Istanbul in a dated manuscript of Kitabi Bahriye.

General Coverage Mediterranean sections without the Black Sea and the Atlantic coasts.

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” vol. 2, appendix 14.2, no. 15, 290.

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B-II-2

Version First version (119 maps).

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Dresden-Saxen Library 961/1554 Unknown (Ms. 389)

Notes (Physical and Others) Paper; 28.7 by 19.9 cm; map of Istanbul at the end; style closer to B-II-1.

General Coverage Mediterranean sections without the Black Sea and the Atlantic coasts.

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” vol. 2, appendix 14.2, no. 3, p. 290.

B-II-3

Version First version (42 maps).

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Istanbul-Suleymaniye 962/1554–55 Aḥmed b. ʿAlī b. Meḥmed (Hamidiye 945)

Notes (Physical and Others) Paper; 36 by 25.4 cm; maps only; this is the earliest example in which there is a clear resemblance to the style of maritime cartography; it is filled with posthumous historical notes.

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General Coverage Mediterranean sections without the Black Sea and the Atlantic coasts.

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” vol. 2, appendix 14.2, no. 12, p. 290.

B-II-4

Version First version (125 maps).

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Bologna-Biblioteca 977/1569 Unknown Universitaria (Ms. 3613)

Notes (Physical and Others) Paper; 30.6 by 21 cm.

General Coverage Mediterranean sections without the Black Sea and the Atlantic coasts.

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:290, appendix 14.2, no. 2.

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B-II-5

Version First version (127 maps).

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Istanbul-Suleymaniye 978/1570 Unknown (Husrev Pasha 272)

Notes (Physical and Others) Paper; 30.7 by 20.7 cm; it is much closer to the style of maritime cartography of B-II-3.

General Coverage Mediterranean sections without the Black Sea and the Atlantic coasts.

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:290, appendix 14.2, no. 14.

B-II-6

Version Second version (216 maps).

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Istanbul-Suleymaniye 982/1574 Unknown (Ayasofia 2612)

Notes (Physical and Others) Paper; 32.4 by 21.5 cm; the model usually presented as “The Kitabi Bahriye”; more in the manner of B-II-1 rather than B-II-3.

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General Coverage Mediterranean sections without the Black Sea and the Atlantic coasts.

Reproductions Facsimile editions: Kurdoğlu and Alpagot (eds.), Piri Reis Kitabi Bahriye; Senemoğlu, Kitab’i bahriye; Ökte (ed.), Kitab-i Bahriye Pîrî Reis.

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:291., appendix 14.2, no. 28.

B-II-7

Version First version (142 folios)

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

Oxford-Bodleian (Ms. 996/1587 Unknown d’Orville 543)

Notes (Physical and Others) Paper; 29 by 20.3 cm; style closer to B-II-1.

General Coverage Mediterranean sections without the Black Sea and the Atlantic coasts.

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:290, appendix 14.2, no. 19.

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B-II-8

Version Second version (215 maps).

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Scribe(s) Location

TKS (H. 642) Late tenth/sixteenth Unknown century?

Notes (Physical and Others) Paper; 31 by 22 cm; very close to B-II-6: Suleymaniye, Ayasofia 2612 and thus used as a model for “The Kitabi Bahriye.” General Coverage Mediterranean sections without the Black Sea and the Atlantic coasts.

Reproductions Bülent Ari (ed.), Kitabi Bahriye. Piri Reis. Book of Navigation (Ankara: Undersecretary of Navigation, 2002).

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:291, appendix 14.2, no. 29.

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B-II-9

Version Second version (219 maps).

Ms Collection Ms Production Date and Mapmaker(s) or Ms Location Scribe(s)

Paris-BNF (Supp. Turc 956) Late tenth/sixteenth Unknown century

Notes (Physical and Others) Paper; 35 by 23 cm; closer to the style of B-II-1.

General Coverage Mediterranean sections without the Black Sea and the Atlantic coasts.

Reproductions

Selected Bibliography Soucek, “Islamic Charting,” 2:291, appendix 14.2, no. 33.

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