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HW-Verkkoon Väri.Pdf (5.427Mt) Herman Wallén Karl Scheidemantel (1859–1923) war einer der berühmtes- ,,Wie einer singt, so ist er" einer singt, ,,Wie ,,Wie einer singt, so ist er” ten Sänger seiner Generation. Cosima Wagner (1837–1930) nannte ihn einen „Bayreuther Künstler par excellence“ und Die Wirkung Richard Wagners auf die Eduard Hanslick (1825–1904) einen der „besten Baritone Gesangspädagogik Karl Scheidemantels Deutschlands“. Scheidemantel arbeitete jedoch auch als (1859–1923) Gesangspädagoge und schrieb zwei gesangspädagogische Bücher. Ferner veröffentlichte er sechs Gesangsalben. In all seinen Schriften wird deutlich, dass Richard Wagner (1813–1883) eine besondere Bedeutung für Scheideman- HERMAN WALLÉN tel hatte. Herman Wallén untersucht in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Wirkung Richard Wagners auf Scheidemantels Gesangspädagogik. Walléns Analyse zeigt, dass Scheide- mantel eine undogmatische Herangehensweise wählte, um die deutsche Gesangskunst voranzubringen. Scheideman- tels Gesangsschriften stellen ein aufschlussreiches Zeugnis dafür dar, wie sich am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts der Gesangsunterricht im Wechselspiel von Tradition, Wissen- schaft und den Forderungen Wagners gestaltete. ISBN: 978-952-329-104-1 (PRINTED) ISBN: 978-952-329-105-8 (PDF) EST 41 ISSN: 1237-4229 (PRINTED) ISSN: 2489-7981 (PDF) UNIGRAFIA HELSINKI 2018 EST 41 DocMus Doctoral School ARTS STUDY PROGRAMME THE SIBELIUS ACADEMY OF TH E DocMus Doctoral School UNIVERSITY OF THE ARTS HELSINKI 2018 EST 41 „Wie einer singt, so ist er“ „WIE EINER SINGT, SO IST ER“ Der Einfluss Richard Wagners auf die Gesangspädagogik Karl Scheidemantels (1859–1923) Herman Wallén EST 41 Sibelius Academy University of Arts Helsinki, 2018 Supervisor of the written thesis: Professor, PhD Anne Kauppala, Sibelius Academy Examiner of the written thesis: PhD Martin Knust, Linnaeus University Växjö Custos: Professor, PhD Anne Kauppala, Sibelius Academy University of Arts Helsinki Sibelius Academy DocMus Doctoral School Arts Study Programme Written thesis EST Publication Series 41 © Herman Wallén and Sibelius Academy of the University of the Arts Helsinki, 2018 Front picture: Karl Scheidemantel als Wolfram in „Tannhäuser“ von Richard Wagner. Bayreuther Festspiele, um 1890. SLUB Dresden / Deutsche Fotothek / Höffert, Wilhelm Cover design: Jan Rosström Layout: Paul Forsell Printed by Unigrafia, Helsinki 2018 ISBN: 978-952-329-104-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-952-329-105-8 (pdf) ISSN 1237-4229 (printed) ISSN 2489-7981 (pdf) 5 Abstract Herman Wallén: ,,Wie einer singt, so ist er”. Die Wirkung Richard Wagners auf die Gesangspädagogik Karl Scheidemantels (1859–1923). Written thesis for the degree of doctor of music in the Arts Study Programme, the University of the Arts Helsinki, Sibelius Academy, DocMus Doctoral School. EST Publi- cation Series 41. This thesis examines Karl Scheidemantel’s (1859–1923) singing pedagogy and some of his early recordings, which were made at the beginning of the twen- tieth century. Richard Wagner had a great influence on Karl Scheidemantel. The latter benefitted from the writings of Wagner not only as an artist and a pedagogue, but also as a person. To prove this, I will compare some of the central ideas of Wagner with written statements of Scheidemantel in his sing- ing manuals Stimmbildung (1907), Gesangsbildung (1913) and Meisterweisen (1913), a compendium of six albums with songs and arias. Thereafter, I will analyse some of Scheidemantel’s recordings to assess in which ways and to what degree the singer was successful in fulfilling his own demands. Scheidemantel’s aim was to create a singing school to educate Wagner singers. For this cause, Scheidemantel, a pupil of Julius Stockhausen (1826— 1906), appropriated parts of his teacher’s book Singing Method (1884). How- ever, Scheidemantel modernised Stockhausen’s ideas based on scientific ad- vancements in the field of voice physiology and phonology. It was Scheideman- tel’s firm belief that this would be beneficial for future Wagner singers. Furthermore, my research reveals that Scheidemantel combined Wagner’s aesthetic premises with those of Eduard Hanslick in his ideas about singing. Scheidemantel attempted to develop his method as a form of Hegelian dialectic in order to find a universal answer to questions raised by the diverging “Neu- deutsche Schule” and the music aesthetics of the “Conservatives”. The next generation of German singing pedagogues used some of Scheide- mantel’s ideas, but also criticised him for being too dogmatic and unscientific in his writings. Thus, Scheidemantel was both a role model and a counterex- ample. Nevertheless, he influenced such important singing pedagogues as Paul Lohmann (1894–1981) and Franziska Martienßen-Lohmann (1887–1971). My interest in these pedagogues was aroused by my singing teacher Roland Her- mann (b. 1936), who was a pupil of Paul Lohmann. The thesis will provide insights into Scheidemantel’s time by drawing on descriptions by his contemporaries. The following chapters will elucidate his publications chronologically. In chapters 2–5, I will examine Scheidemantel’s pedagogical writings, and in chapter 6 I will take up his recordings. The last 6 Wallén: „Wie einer singt, so ist er“ chapters (7–8) demonstrate Scheidemantel’s influence on later generations of singing pedagogues. Keywords: singing pedagogy, opera, historical recordings, Richard Wag- ner, aesthetics, Karl Scheidemantel, Julius Stockhausen, Paul Lohmann, Franziska Martienßen-Lohmann, artistic research Tiivistelmä Herman Wallén: „Wie einer singt, so ist er“. Die Wirkung Richard Wagners auf die Gesangspädagogik Karl Scheidemantels (1859–1923). Taiteellisen tohtori- tutkinnon tutkielma. DocMus-tohtorikoulu. Taideyliopiston Sibelius-Akate- mia. EST-julkaisu 41. 2018. Karl Scheidemantel (1859–1923) oli aikansa tunnetuimpia saksalaisia laulajia. Hän tuli tunnetuksi erityisesti Richard Wagnerin oopperoiden baritoniroolien esittäjänä. Wagnerin kirjoituksilla oopperasta ja laulamisesta oli huomattava vaikutus Scheidemanteliin niin pedagogina, taiteilijana kuin persoonanakin. Tämän tutkielman keskiössä on oopperalaulaja Scheidemantelin peda- goginen tuotanto sekä hänen varhaiset nauhoituksensa 1900-luvun alkupuo- lelta. Scheidemantelin pedagoginen tuotanto koostuu kirjoista Stimmbildung (1907) sekä Gesangsbildung (1913). Tämän lisäksi Scheidemantel julkaisi kuusi laulualbumia nimellä Meisterweisen (1913). Tarkastelen Scheidemante- lin lauluoppaita ja vertaan niiden keskeisiä periaatteita Wagnerin käsityksiin laulamisesta. Tämän lisäksi tutkin, missä määrin Scheidemantel kykeni to- teuttamaan omia ihanteitaan hänen omissa nauhoituksissaan. Scheidemantel yritti kehittää laulukoulun, jonka päämääränä oli kasvat- taa Wagner-laulajia. Scheidemantel tukeutui mm. hänen opettajansa Julius Stockhausenin (1826–1906) kirjaan Gesangsmethode (1884). Scheidemantel kuitenkin modernisoi Stockhausenin argumentteja käyttäen fonetiikan sekä äänifysiologian uusimpia tutkimustuloksia. Scheidemantelin esteettiset näkemykset pohjautuivat Wagnerin lisäk- si myös Eduard Hanslickin (1825–1904) kirjaan Vom Musikalisch-Schönen (1854). Osoitan, että Scheidemantel toimi Hegelin dialektiikan mukaisesti pyrkien yhdistämään nämä toisilleen vastakkaiset käsitykset. Scheidemantelin pedagogiset näkemykset siirtyivät myös seuraavalle su- kupolvelle. Etenkin Paul Lohmannille (1894–1981) ja hänen puolisolleen Fran- ziska Martienßen-Lohmannille (1887–1971) Scheidemantel oli tärkeä aukto- riteetti, vaikkakin Martienßen-Lohmann otti Scheidemantelin näkemyksin myös kriittistä etäisyyttä. Molemmat edellä mainitut laulupedagogit luovat Abstract 7 suoran yhteyden siihen laulutraditioon, joka on muovannut minun käsityk- siäni laulamisesta sekä laulun opettamisesta, koska olen opiskellut Roland Hermannin (s. 1936) johdolla; hän oli puolestaan Lohmannin oppilas. Tutkielman aluksi käsittelen lyhyesti Scheidemantelin elämänvaiheita, missä hyödynnän hänen aikalaistensa kirjoituksia. Tämän jälkeen tarkas- telen Scheidemantelin julkaisuja niiden ilmestymisvuoden mukaisessa jär- jestyksessä. Luvuissa 2–5 analysoin Scheidemantelin kirjoja sekä luvussa 6 hänen nauhoituksiaan. Viimeisissä luvuissa (7–8) käsittelen Scheidemantelin laulupedagogiikan vaikutusta. Keywords: laulupedagogiikka, ooppera, historialliset nauhoitukset, Richard Wagner, estetiikka, Karl Scheidemantel, Julius Stockhausen, Paul Lohmann, Franziska Martienßen-Lohmann, taiteellinen tutkimus. Abstract Herman Wallén: ,,Wie einer singt, so ist er“. Die Wirkung Richard Wagners auf die Gesangspädagogik Karl Scheidemantels (1859–1923). Abhandlung zur Er- langung des Titels eines Doktors der Musik. Künstlerischer Studiengang des DocMus Doctoralschools. Sibelius Akademie, University of the Arts Helsinki. EST-Publikation Nr. 41. 2018. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Gesangspädagogik des Weima- rer Baritons Karl Scheidemantel (1859–1923) sowie mit einigen seiner Gram- mophon-Aufnahmen, die am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts entstanden. In allen Kapiteln der Arbeit wird sein besonderes Verhältnis zu Richard Wagners Wer- ken ersichtlich. Schon in den Quellen wird deutlich, dass Wagners Schriften und Kompositionen Scheidemantel nachhaltig prägten und zu einem Impetus für das künstlerische Selbstverständnis des Sängers wurden. Die Prominenz der ästhetischen Prämissen Wagners, kann in seinen gesangspädagogischen Schriften besonders deutlich verfolgt werden. Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, wie Wagners Thesen Scheidemantel beeinflussten, indem einige zentrale Schriften des Komponisten mit den Aussagen des Sän- gers in seinen Publikationen
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