Tranvía De Ayacucho En Medellín- Colombia

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Tranvía De Ayacucho En Medellín- Colombia Metodología de Evaluación Ex- Post para un Tranvía en Países en Vía de Desarrollo- Caso: Tranvía de Ayacucho en Medellín- Colombia. Ex-Post Evaluation Methodology for a Tram in Developing Countries. Case: Tran Vía de Ayacucho in Medellín, Colombia. Natalia Isabel Díez Ruíz Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Minas, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil Medellín, Colombia 2021 Metodología de Evaluación Ex- Post para un Tranvía en e Países en Vía de Desarrollo. Caso: Tran Vía de Ayacucho en Medellín, Colombia. Natalia Isabel Díez Ruíz Tesis de investigación presentada como requisito parcial para optar al título de: Magister en Ingeniería – Infraestructura y Sistemas de Transporte Director (a): Ph.D. Iván R. Sarmiento Ordosgoitia Línea de Investigación: VITRA - Planeamiento del Transporte Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Minas, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil Medellín, Colombia 2021 A mis padres, a mis abuelos, a mi tía Eunice y en general a toda mi familia, pues siempre han estado a mi lado apoyándome en cada proyecto emprendido. Resumen y Abstract VII Agradecimientos Quiero agradecer a todas las personas que apoyaron y aportaron tiempo y conocimiento a la realización de este trabajo. A mi director, Iván Sarmiento, por su disposición, compromiso y dedicación con todo lo requerido a lo largo del desarrollo del proyecto. A toda mi familia, quienes siempre han creído y confiado en mí, me han apoyado y acompañado en todas las etapas de mi vida velando por mi bienestar, mi felicidad y mi crecimiento como una persona íntegra. A mi papá y a mi mamá quienes con su amor y dedicación me han acompañado en todo mi proceso de formación personal y profesional. Mi mamá ha sido un ejemplo e inspiración en mi desarrollo como profesional, mi papá me ha mostrado que con pasión y entrega siempre se lograrán buenos resultados. A mis abuelos, Olga y Reynaldo, y a mi tía Eunice, que siempre han estado pendientes de mi bienestar y felicidad. A Johana Jaramillo por haberme acompañado y apoyado a lo largo de mi maestría, brindándome su amistad y apoyo incondicional. A mis profesores y maestros de la maestría por brindarme su conocimiento, inspiración y pasión por la sabiduría y el conocimiento. VIII Metodología de Evaluación Ex- Post para un Tranvía en Países en Vía de Desarrollo. Caso: Tranvía de Ayacucho en Medellín, Colombia. Resumen En este trabajo se desarrolla una Metodología de Evaluación Ex- Post para un Tranvía en Ciudades de Países en Vía de Desarrollo – Caso: Tranvía de Ayacucho, Medellín, Colombia. Esto surge a partir de la carencia de evaluaciones Ex- Post, especialmente en países en vía de desarrollo y de la necesidad de tener lecciones aprendidas en los proyectos que se implementan para ponerlas en práctica en nuevos, disminuyendo así los riesgos de fracaso o fallas de un proyecto. Para el desarrollo de la metodología, se estudió de forma detallada diferentes proyectos tranviarios alrededor del mundo y se analizó el impacto que tuvieron en su entorno desde diferentes áreas tales como urbanismo, social, transporte, económico, etc. Posteriormente, se escogen unos criterios de evaluación que serán los utilizados para medir el impacto del proyecto en la metodología que se desarrolla. Estos criterios son la clave de la metodología ya que estos se medirán en dos escenarios un escenario real “con proyecto” y en un escenario “Sin proyecto”. Una vez medidos todos los indicadores, por medio de funciones de utilidad, la variación porcentual entre ambos escenarios se llevará a una misma escala unificada en la cual se podrá identificar de manera clara el “Impacto negativo” y el “Impacto positivo”. Palabras clave: Tranvía, Ex- Post, impacto, evaluación, metodología, países en vía de desarrollo. Contenido IX Abstract In this paper, an Ex-Post Evaluation Methodology for a Tram in Cities of Developing Countries is developed - Case: Ayacucho Tram, Medellín, Colombia. This arises from the lack of Ex Post evaluations, especially in developing countries and the need to have lessons learned in those that are implemented to put them into practice in new ones, thus reducing the risks of failure or failures of a project. For the development of the methodology, different tram projects around the world were studied and the impact they had on their environment from different areas such as urban planning, social, transport, economic, etc. was analyzed. Subsequently, some evaluation criteria are chosen that will be used to measure the impact of the project on the methodology that is developed. These criteria are the key to the methodology since these will be measured in two scenarios in a real scenario "with project" and in a scenario "Without project". Once all the indicators have been measured, by means of utility functions, the variation between scenarios, will be carried to the same scale showing a value for “Negative impact” and another for “Positive impact”. Keywords: Tram, Ex-Post, impact, evaluation, methodology, developing countries. Contenido X Contenido Pág. 1. Preliminares................................................................................................................. 18 1.1 Planteamiento del problema ................................................................................ 18 1.2 Objetivos del proyecto .......................................................................................... 26 1.3 Conceptos Generales Para Metodologías de Evaluaciones Ex – post. ............. 27 1.4 Antecedentes ....................................................................................................... 36 1.5 Estado del arte sobre evaluación Ex-post. .......................................................... 39 2. Desarrollo de La Metodología de Evaluación Ex-post para Tranvías. ................. 54 2.1 Determinación del área de influencia del sistema tranviario. .............................. 55 2.2 Evaluación Ex-post Etapa Preliminar de la metodología. ................................... 58 2.3 Identificación y Caracterización de Variables Para la Metodología Objetivo de este Estudio ..................................................................................................................... 63 2.4 Selección del Método para Evaluación Multicriterio ............................................ 72 2.5 Encuestas ............................................................................................................. 73 2.6 Homogenización y Ponderación .......................................................................... 96 2.7 Impacto Cualitativo ............................................................................................. 105 2.8 Lecciones Aprendidas ........................................................................................ 106 3. Aplicación de la Metodología Al caso de Estudio: Tranvía de Ayacucho. ........ 108 3.1 Determinación área de Influencia del proyecto de análisis ............................... 108 3.2 Evaluación Ex-post Etapa Preliminar de la metodología. ................................. 110 3.3 Identificación de Variables En el Proyecto de Análisis ..................................... 122 3.4 Recolección de Información ............................................................................... 123 3.5 Homogenización Y Ponderación ....................................................................... 153 3.6 Impacto Y Lecciones Aprendidas. .................................................................... 156 4. Conclusiones y recomendaciones ......................................................................... 160 4.1 Conclusiones ...................................................................................................... 160 4.2 Recomendaciones ............................................................................................. 161 5. Bibliografía ................................................................................................................ 178 Contenido XI Lista de figuras Pág. Figura 1: Evolución de los países de acuerdo con su ingreso entre 1999 y 2015. .......... 19 Figura 2 Clasificación de los países según su ingreso. Fuente: Banco Mundial ............. 21 Figura 3: ICG Global 2019 Fuente: Datos Macro / Diario Expansión. .............................. 23 Figura 4: IDH Global 2017 Fuente: Datos Macro / Diario Expansión. .............................. 24 Figura 5: Tranvía de Ayacucho en la Historia. Fuente: Metro .......................................... 35 Figura 6: Sistema Metro. Fuente: Metro de Medellín........................................................ 36 Figura 7: Tranvía Antiguo Tomado de Blog Curiosfera (https://curiosfera-historia.com/) 37 Figura 8: Línea de Tiempo - Historia del Tranvía (Elaboración propia) ........................... 37 Figura 9: Tranvía Moderno Tomado de Blog Curiosfera (https://curiosfera-historia.com/). ............................................................................................................................................. 38 Figura 10: Esquema Evaluación Ex-post, Traducido de Cascajo (2005). ........................ 46 Figura 11:La Evaluación Ex-post en el ciclo de vida de un proyecto. .............................. 55 Figura 12: Esquema Área de Influencia. ........................................................................... 57 Figura 13: Esquema de Evaluación Ex Post Para Metodología desarrollada. ................. 73 Figura 14: Jerarquía de Pesos de la Metodología. ........................................................... 75 Figura
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