Kent İçi Raylı Toplu Taşıma Sistemleri İncelemesi Ve Dünya Örnekleri İle

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Kent İçi Raylı Toplu Taşıma Sistemleri İncelemesi Ve Dünya Örnekleri İle i ULAŞTIRMA, DENİZCİLİK VE HABERLEŞME BAKANLIĞI KENT İÇİ RAYLI TOPLU TAŞIMA SİSTEMLERİ İNCELEMESİ VE DÜNYA ÖRNEKLERİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI Göktuğ BAŞTÜRK Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Uzmanlığı Tezi Eylül 2014 Ankara ii iii ULAŞTIRMA, DENİZCİLİK VE HABERLEŞME BAKANLIĞI KENT İÇİ RAYLI TOPLU TAŞIMA SİSTEMLERİ İNCELEMESİ VE DÜNYA ÖRNEKLERİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI Göktuğ BAŞTÜRK Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Uzmanlığı Tezi Eylül 2014 Ankara i KABUL VE ONAY Göktuğ BAŞTÜRK tarafından hazırlanan Kent İçi Raylı Toplu Taşıma Sistemleri İncelemesi ve Dünya Örnekleri ile Karşılaştırılması adlı bu tezin Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Uzmanlığı tezi olarak uygun olduğunu onaylarım. Genel Müdür Yardımcısı Yalçın EYİGÜN Tez Danışmanı Bu çalışma, tez savunma komisyonumuz tarafından Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Uzmanlığı Tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Adı ve Soyadı İmzası Başkan : Üye : Üye : Üye : Üye : Bu tez, Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı tez yazım kurallarına uygundur. ii İÇİNDEKİLER KABUL VE ONAY ...................................................................................................... i İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................ ii ÖZET............................................................................................................................ v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ vi TEŞEKKÜR ............................................................................................................... vii TABLOLAR LİSTESİ .............................................................................................. viii ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ ................................................................................................... x KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ ......................................................................................... xi GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................................... 1 1. KENT İÇİ ULAŞIMDA SİSTEM BELİRLEME KRİTERLERİ VE RAYLI SİSTEMLER ................................................................................................................ 4 1.1. Teknolojik Kriterler ....................................................................................... 5 1.2. Ekonomik Kriterler ...................................................................................... 10 1.3. Çevresel Kriterler ........................................................................................ 12 2. KENT İÇİ RAYLI TOPLU TAŞIMA TÜRLERİ .............................................. 14 2.1. Tramvay Sistemleri ..................................................................................... 14 2.2 Hafif Raylı Sistemler ................................................................................... 16 2.3 Metro Sistemleri .......................................................................................... 16 2.4 Maglev’li (manyetik levitasyonlu) Sistemler: ............................................. 18 2.5 Monoray Sistemler : .................................................................................... 19 2.6 Füniküler Sistemler: .................................................................................... 20 3. DÜNYA’DAN ÖRNEK METROPOL KENTLERİN METROLARI ............... 21 3.1 Tokyo Metrosu ............................................................................................ 21 3.2 New York Metrosu ...................................................................................... 22 3.3 Londra Metrosu ........................................................................................... 23 3.4 Barcelona Metrosu ...................................................................................... 24 3.5 Berlin Metrosu ............................................................................................. 25 3.6 Chicago Metrosu ......................................................................................... 26 3.7 Delhi Metrosu .............................................................................................. 27 3.8 Guangzhou Metrosu .................................................................................... 28 iii 3.9 Hamburg Metrosu ........................................................................................ 29 3.10 Hong Kong Metrosu .................................................................................... 30 3.11 Moskova Metrosu ........................................................................................ 31 3.12 Paris Metrosu ............................................................................................... 32 4. TÜRKİYE’DE YER ALAN VE GELECEKTE YAPILMASI PLANLANAN KENT İÇİ RAYLI SİSTEMLER ............................................................................... 33 4.1 Türkiye’deki Mevcut Raylı Sistemler ......................................................... 36 4.1.1 Adana’ da İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler .......................................... 36 4.1.2 Ankara’da İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler .......................................... 38 4.1.3 Antalya’da İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler ......................................... 41 4.1.4 Bursa’da İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler ............................................ 43 4.1.5 Eskişehir’de İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler ....................................... 46 4.1.6 Gaziantep’te İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler ...................................... 47 4.1.7 İstanbul’da İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler ......................................... 49 4.1.8 İzmir’de İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler ............................................. 54 4.1.9 Kayseri’de İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler ......................................... 56 4.1.10 Konya’da İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler ........................................... 58 4.1.11 Samsun’da İşletmede Olan Raylı Sistemler ......................................... 60 4.2 Yapılması Planlanan Raylı Sistemler .......................................................... 61 4.2.1 Adana’da Yapılması Planlanan Raylı Sistemler .................................. 61 4.2.2 Ankara’da Yapılması Planlanan Raylı Sistemler ................................. 62 4.2.3 Diyarbakır’da Yapılması Planlanan Raylı Sistemler ........................... 63 4.2.4 Eskişehir’de Yapılması Planlanan Raylı Sistemler .............................. 64 4.2.5 İstanbul’da Yapılması Planlanan Raylı Sistemler ................................ 65 4.2.6 İzmir’de Yapılması Planlanan Raylı Sistemler .................................... 68 4.2.7 Kayseri’de Yapılması Planlanan Raylı Sistemler ................................ 71 4.2.8 Konya’da Yapılması Planlanan Raylı Sistemler .................................. 72 4.2.9 Mersin’de Yapılması Planlanan Raylı Sistemler ................................. 73 5. TÜRKİYE’DEKİ KENT İÇİ RAYLI TOPLU TAŞIMA SİSTEMLERİNİN DÜNYADAKİ ÖRNEKLERİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI .................................... 75 5.1 Yapısal Açıdan ............................................................................................ 75 5.2 Yapılış Maliyeti Açısından .......................................................................... 78 iv 5.3 Gelir-Gider Açısından ................................................................................. 81 5.4 Kullanım Açısından ..................................................................................... 83 5.5 Çeken ve Çekilen Araçlar ............................................................................ 86 5.6 Çeken ve Çekilen Araçların Kıyaslanmasına Dayalı Yerlileştirme Açısından Öneriler ................................................................................................. 87 SONUÇ ...................................................................................................................... 95 KAYNAKLAR .......................................................................................................... 98 ÖZGÜNLÜK BİLDİRİMİ ....................................................................................... 105 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ............................................................................................................. 106 v ÖZET Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı Tezin Adı Kent İçi Raylı Toplu Taşıma Sistemleri İncelemesi Ve Dünya Örnekleri İle Karşılaştırılması Türü Ulaştırma ve Haberleşme Uzmanlığı Tezi Yazar Göktuğ BAŞTÜRK Teslim Tarihi Eylül, 2014 Anahtar Kent İçi Toplu Taşıma, Kent İçi Raylı Sistemler, Kent İçi Toplu Kelimeler Taşıma Kriterleri, Çeken ve Çekilen Araçlar, Karşılaştırma Tez Danışmanı Yalçın EYİGÜN Sayfa Adedi xi + 106 Kent içi raylı sistemler, günümüzde rahat, konforlu, güvenilir, taşıma kapasitesi yüksek ve hızlı ulaşım imkânı sağlayan toplu taşıma araçları olarak en fazla tercih edilen ve kent içi ulaşımda önemli bir konuma sahip sistemlerdir. Ülkemizde yeni yeni gelişmekte olan bu sistemlere duyulan ihtiyaç ve talep giderek çoğalmaktadır. Bunun bir sonucu olarak raylı sistemler yapımına yönelik projeler de artış meydana gelmektedir. Tez kapsamında toplu taşımada mod seçimi için önem arz eden kriterler ele alınmış, raylı sistemlerin bu kriterler içerisinde değerlendirilmeleri yapılmıştır. Kent içi raylı sistem türlerinin incelenmesinden sonra dünya ve Türkiye’deki projeler ele alınmıştır. Çeşitli parametreler açısından karşılaştırmaları yapılarak Türkiye’deki kent içi raylı sistemlerin mevcut durumu ortaya konulmuş
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