Kerjasama Indonesia Dan Brazil Dalam Pengadaan Pesawat Super Tucano Periode 2Oio-2014

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Kerjasama Indonesia Dan Brazil Dalam Pengadaan Pesawat Super Tucano Periode 2Oio-2014 KERJASAMA INDONESIA DAN BRAZIL DALAM PENGADAAN PESAWAT SUPER TUCANO PERIODE 2010-2014 Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Mmeperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) oleh Jody Marcello 1113113000061 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGRI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA PERNYATAAI\ BEBAS PLAGIARISME Skripsi yang berjudul: KERJASAMA INDONESIA DAN BRAZIL DALAM PENGADAAN PESAWAT SUPER TUCANO PERIODE 2OIO-2014 1. Merupakan karya asli saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Strata I di Universitas Islarn Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penulisan ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika dikemudian hari tertukti bahwa karya ini bukan hasil ka.rya asli atau merupakan hasil jiplakan dari karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di universitas Islam Negeri (ubi) Syarif Hidayatullah lakarta. 20 Januai20lT !I- PERSETUJUAI{ PEMBIMBING SKRIPSI Dengan ini, Pembimbing Slaipsi menyatakan batrwa mahasiswa: Nama : Jody Marcello NIM : 1113113000061 Program Studi : Hubungan Internasional Telah me,nyelesaikan penulisan slripsi dcngan judul: KERIASAT{A INDONESIA DAN BR,AZIL DALAM PENGADAAN PESAWAT Dan telah mernelruhi syarat untuk diuji. Jakarta, 20 Januari 2017 Mengetahui, Menyetujui, Rahmi Fitrimnti. M.Si NrP. 197709142A1rc12AM PENGBSAHAN PAI\ITIA UJIAN SKRIPSI SKRIPSI KERJASAMA INDONESIA DAN BRAZIL DALAM PENGADAAN PESAWAT SUPER TUCANO PERIODE 2OLO-2014 Oleh Jody Marcello 1113113000061 Telah dipertahankan dalam sidang ujian skripsi di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada tanggal 17 Januari 2018. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) pada Program Studi Hubungan Internasional. Sekertaris, Diterima dan dinyatakan memenuhi syarat kelulusan pada tanggal l7 Januari 2018 Studi Hubungan Internasional, Jakarta, Il ABSTRAK Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia dan Brazil dalam pengadaan pesawat jenis Super Tucano periode 2010- 2014. Masalah penelitian dalam skripsi ini yaitu ketika Indonesia membeli sebuah pesawat tempur Super Tucano dari Brazil, namun peringkat militer Brazil masih dibawah Indonesia. Hal ini menarik karena Indonesia membutuhkan alutsista dari negara yang kemampuan militernya diatas Indonesia, namun Indonesia memilih Brazil sebagai partner kerjasama militernya. Metode Penelitian dalam skripsi adalah metode kualitatif. Hal ini dilakukan melalui studi wawancara dengan pihak yang terlibat dalam kerjasama tersebut dan studi pustaka dari berbagai sumber data primer dan sekunder. Dengan menggunakan satu teori dan satu konsep, yaitu teori pilihan rasional atau rational choice theory dari Von Neuman dan Oskar Morgenstern, serta Konsep Kerjasama dari K.J Holsti. Melalui bantuan teori dan konsep tersebut, ditemukan dua alasan utama faktor yang melatarbelakangi Indonesia memilih Brazil sebagai partner kerjasamanya. Alasan pertama yaitu karena Brazil dinilai sebagai satu-satunya negara yang mampu membuat pesawat Anti-Insurgency yang terbaik. Dan alasan yang kedua yaitu karena TNI Angkatan Udara membutuhkan regenerasi dari pesawat Anti- Insurgency terdahulu yaitu OV-10 Bronco. Kesimpulan utama dari penelitian skripsi ini adalah kerjasama militer yang terjalin antara Indonesia dan Brazil, tidak berdasarkan latar belakang peringkat militer masing-masing negara saja. Namun karena faktor kebutuhan dan memperhitungkan nilai kegunaan yang menjadi faktor utama terjalinnya kerjasama antara kedua negara tersebut dalam mendatangkan pesawat Super Tucano. Kata kunci : Brazil, Indonesia, rational choice theory, Super Tucano, TNI Angkatan Udara iv KATA PENGANTAR Bismillahirrahmanirrrahim, segala puji dan syukur selalu penulis ucapkan kepada Allah swt atas segala rakhmat dan nikmatnya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Sholawat serta salam tak lupa dihaturkan kepada Nabi Muhammad saw. Dalam pengerjaan skripsi ini, penulis telah melibatkan beberapa pihak yang sangat membantu dalam banyak hal. Oleh sebab itu, disini penulis sampaikan rasa terima kasih sedalam-dalamnya kepada : 1. Keluarga penulis, papa Margono Admojo dan mama Susilawati Saleh, kakak Astari Meutia serta kakak ipar Johan Zulkarnain yang selalu memberikan semangat, doa, dukungan, cinta, nasehat kepada penulis, hingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan, 2. Bapak Ahmad Al Fajri, M.A, selaku Ketua Program Studi Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (FISIP) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang telah menyetujui permohonan penyusunan skripsi, 3. Ibu Rahmi Fitriyanti, M.Si selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah membimbing dalam penyusunan skripsi ini dari awal seminar proposal hingga selesai, 4. Dosen-dosen Hubungan Internasional UIN Jakarta. Terima kasih atas segala ilmu yang telah diberikan selama masa perkuliahan, v 5. Seluruh sahabat penulis, Anugrah, Kevin, Reyza, Adam, Alfa, Rasis, David, Yogi, Arief, Dipto, Arega, Anya, Ridwan, Zacky, Grady, Gamal, Bekar, Adnan, Deba, Aristo selaku teman sejak SD, SMP, SMA dan KKN. 6. Teman – teman HI-B, Icipers, Gesrek, dan bimbingan, Luthfan, Auzan, Alif, Ghalib, Zhafir, Ade, Faris, Omi, Fitrah, Yusi, Aghita, Ardiansyah, Firdaus, Faizal, Sakiinah, Fenin, Cahyo, dan Revy Auliya yang telah menemani penulis selama empat tahun selama masa perkuliahan. 7. Kawan – kawan HI-2013 dan senior penulis, Rickmandaru, Agung, Faris, Felicio, ka Rida, Rian, Fikri Mahir, Raihan, Firman. Terima kasih atas dukungannya. 8. Sahabat-sahabat lainnya dan teman-teman HI UIN Jakarta angkatan 2013 yang tidak bisa penulis sebutkan satu-persatu. Terima kasih telah memberikan energi positif kepada penulis selama masa perkuliahan. Penulis berharap segala dukungan dan bantuan ini mendapatkan balasan dari Allah SWT. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan, kritik dan saran yang konstruktif sangat penulis harapkan untuk perbaikan di masa mendatang. Semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat dan menambah wawasan bagi setiap pembacanya dan bagi perkembangan studi Hubungan Internasional Jakarta, 4 Januari 2018 Jody Marcello vi DAFTAR ISI PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME……………………………………… i PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING SKRIPSI…………………………………… ii PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN SKRIPSI…………………………………… iii ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………………... iv KATA PENGANTAR……………………………………………………………. v DAFTAR ISI……………………………………………………………………… vii DAFTAR GAMBAR……………………………………………………………... ix DAFTAR SINGKATAN…………………………………………………………. x BAB I PENDAHULUAN…………………………………………………………1 A. Pernyataan Masalah……...………………………………………….… 1 B. Pertanyaan Penelitian………………………………………………… 7 C. Tujuan Penelitian……...……………………………………….……… 7 D. Tinjauan Pustaka………..………………………………………..…… 8 E. Kerangka Teoritis…...………………………………………….………. 14 a. Teori Pilihan Rasional (Rational Choice Theory)………………….. 14 b. Konsep Kerjasama………………………………………………….. 16 F. Metode Penelitian….……………………………………………….… 19 G. Sistematika Penulisan…….………………………………………….… 21 BAB II KEKUATAN ANGKATAN UDARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA DAN BRAZIL………………………………………………………………… 24 A. Sejarah Hubungan Bilateral Indonesia dan Brazil…………………….….. 24 B. Sejarah dan Kekuatan Angkatan Udara Republik Indonesia……….…… 29 vii C. Perkembangan Industri Militer Brazil………………..………………...… 36 BAB III SPESIFIKASI PESAWAT DAN PENCAPAIAN MILITER PESAWAT SUPER TUCANO………………………………………………………. 43 A. Spesifikasi Pesawat dan Peran Super Tucano dalam Operasi Militer……. 43 B. Negara-negara Pengguna Pesawat Super Tucano………………………… 48 C. Permasalahan dan insiden Pesawat Super Tucano di Indonesia…………… 58 BAB IV KERJASAMA PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM PENGADAAN PESAWAT SUPER TUCANO………………………………………... 63 A. Brazil Mampu Menciptakan Pesawat Tempur Berkemampuan Anti Insurgency (Geriliya)………………………………………………..…… 63 B. Membutuhkan Pesawat Tempur Anti Insurgency Pengganti OV-10 Bronco ……………………………………………………………………………. 75 BAB V PENUTUP………………………………………………………….…….. 78 A. Kesimpulan………………………………………………………………… 78 B. Saran………………………………………………………………..………..81 DAFTAR PUSTAKA…………………………………………………………… 82 LAMPIRAN……………………………………………………………………….. 91 viii DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar I.A.1 Kekuatan Militer Negara-Negara diDunia Tahun 2017................. 27 Gambar II.C.1 Perusahaan Pembuat Pesawat Embraer…………………….......... 40 Gambar III.A.1 Pesawat Super Tucano…………………………………………… 45 Gambar III.B.2 Pesawat Super Tucano TNI-AU…………………………………. 52 Gambar III.C.3 Negara-Negara Pengguna Pesawat Super Tucano……………….. 57 Gambar III.D.4 Jatuhnya Pesawat Super Tucano di Indonesia…………………… 61 ix DAFTAR SINGKATAN AK Avtomat Kalashnikova APEC Asia-Pacific Economic AS Amerika Serikat ASEAN Association of South East Asia Nations AU Angkatan Udara AURI Angkatan Udara Republik Indonesia EMB Embraer FARC Fueraz Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia FEALAC Forum for East-Latin America Coorperation ITPC Indonesian Trade Promotion Center LANUD Lapangan Udara MIG Mikoyan-Gurevich NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NKRI Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia PBB Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa PKI Partai Komunis Indonesia TKR Tentara Keamanan Rakyat TNI Tentara Nasional Indonesia TOT Transfer of Technology TU Tupolev x BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Pernyataan Masalah Pada 2010, Indonesia dan Brazil mencapai kesepakatan dalam pengadaan pesawat tempur jenis turboprop dari Brazil yang bernama Super Tucano. Pesawat ini dipesan sebanyak 16 unit oleh TNI Angkatan Udara untuk memperkuat alutsista udaranya.
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